وڪيپيڊيا sdwiki https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88 MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter ذريعات خاص بحث واپرائيندڙ واپرائيندڙ بحث وڪيپيڊيا وڪيپيڊيا بحث فائل فائل بحث ذريعات وڪي ذريعات وڪي بحث سانچو سانچو بحث مدد مدد بحث زمرو زمرو بحث باب باب بحث TimedText TimedText talk ماڊيول ماڊيول بحث Event Event talk 0 1607 375357 151450 2026-05-02T12:41:14Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] جو اضافو 375357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''اعداد''' مطلب انگ اکر يا عددن جو مجموعو، جنهن کي انگريزيءَ ۾</font> Data چيو ويندو آهي. هيءُ انگ اڪثر [[ڳڻپيوڪر]]</font> Computerجي علمن ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي. ڳڻپيوڪر هڪ عددي اوزار آهي، جنھن منجھه طبي توڙي غير طبي مقدارن کي اعداد جو روپ ڏئي پردازيو يعني پراسيس ڪيو ويندو آهي. {{-ڏسندا-}} {{ڪچو}} [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] nnb9njuzoy28giy9we57vl3gbs3drlk 10 4196 375520 365300 2026-05-02T23:28:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = style | image = [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|40x40px]] | text = '''هي سانچو 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tracking category]] [[زمرو:Wikipedia infoboxes]] [[زمرو:Infobox modules]] [[زمرو:Modules that check for strip markers]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> ilp64xi8hyv65bmcta7v5y2h46mvs2g 0 8638 375614 375312 2026-05-03T10:22:57Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 375614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[عڪس:British Museum from NE 2.JPG|thumb|300px|left]] '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) يا '''برطانوي عجائب گھر''' [[لنڊن]] جو شمار دُنيا جي چند اھم ترين عجائب گھرن ۾ ٿيندو آھي. ھي انساني ثقافت ۽ تاريخ تي آھي. هن عجائب گھر جي ابتدا 1753ع ۾ ٿي. ھن ۾ ڏسڻ وارن جي لاء 1 ڪروڙ 30 لکُ شيون آھن جيڪي پوري براعظمن مان اڍ گڏ ڪيو ويون آھن. 1846ع ۾ ھن ميوزيم ۾ ڪتابن جي طباعت جي متعلق عھدي تي مشھور برطانوي شاعر ڪووينٽري پيٽ مور 19 سال جي عمر ۾ ملازمت حاصل ڪئي.<ref>Coventry_Patmore</ref> {{Short description|National museum in London, England}} {{Other uses}} {{Use British English|date=June 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Infobox museum | name = British Museum | logo = British Museum logo.svg | logo_upright = .8 | image = British Museum (aerial).jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | caption = Aerial view of the British Museum in 2015 | pushpin_map = Central London | established = {{Start date and age|1753|6|7|df=yes}} | collection = Approx. 8 million objects<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| title= Collection size| work= British Museum| access-date= 22 July 2016| archive-date= 12 August 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061205/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| url-status= live}}</ref> | location = [[Great Russell Street]], London, England | leader_type = Chair | leader = [[George Osborne]] | director = [[Nicholas Cullinan]] | visitors = 6,440,120 in 2025<ref name=ALVA>{{cite web |title=LATEST VISITOR FIGURES |website=ALVA|url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> * [[Most visited museums in the United Kingdom|Ranked first nationally]] | publictransit = {{rint|london|underground}} {{rint|london|crossrail}} {{lus|Tottenham Court Road}}<br/>{{rint|london|underground}} {{lus|Goodge Street}}; {{lus|Holborn}}; {{lus|Russell Square}} | website = {{Official URL}} | embedded = {{infobox |child=yes | label1 = Area | data1 = {{convert|807000|sqft|m2|-2|abbr=on}} in<br /> 94 galleries}} }} The '''British Museum''' is a public [[museum]] dedicated to [[human history]], art and culture located in the [[Bloomsbury]] area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=van Riel |first=Cees |date=30 October 2017 |title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |url-status=live }}</ref> It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.<ref group="lower-alpha">Among the national museums in London, sculpture and [[decorative art|decorative]] and [[applied art]] are in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]; the British Museum houses earlier art, non-Western art, prints and drawings. The [[National Gallery]] holds the national collection of Western European art to about 1900, while art of the 20th century on is at [[Tate Modern]]. [[Tate Britain]] holds British Art from 1500 onwards. Books, manuscripts and many works on paper are in the [[British Library]]. There are significant overlaps between the coverage of the various collections.</ref> Established in 1753, the British Museum was the world's first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|title=History of the British Museum|website=The British Museum|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2025, the museum received 6,440,120 visitors and was the second most visited attraction in the United Kingdom.<ref name=ALVA /> At its beginning, the museum was largely based on the collections of the Anglo-Irish physician and scientist Sir [[Hans Sloane]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|website=The British Library|access-date=February 4, 2026|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=dead}}</ref> It opened to the public in 1759, in [[Montagu House, Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], on the site of the current building. The museum's expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of British colonisation and resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, or independent spin-offs, the first being the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]] in 1881. Some of its best-known acquisitions, such as the Greek [[Elgin Marbles]] and the Egyptian [[Rosetta Stone]], are subject to long-term disputes and [[Repatriation (cultural property)|repatriation]] claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{cite web |title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |website=The Independent |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="looted art">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|title=Museums and looted art: the ethical dilemma of preserving world cultures|last=Tharoor|first=Kanishk|date=29 June 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610134203/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1973, the British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web |date=1972 |title=British Library Act 1972 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |url-status=live }}</ref> detached the library department from the British Museum, but it continued to host the now separated [[British Library]] in the same [[British Museum Reading Room|Reading Room]] and building as the museum until 1997. The museum is a [[non-departmental public body]] sponsored by the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]]. Like all UK national museums, it charges no admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|title=Admission and opening times|work=British Museum|date=14 June 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> == تفصيل == لنڊن ۾ ادب، سائنس ۽ آرٽ جي قديم شين (نوادرات) جو قومي عجائب گهر، جيڪو 1759ع ۾ پارليامينٽ جي قانون مطابق قائم ڪيو ويو. هن ۾ سر رابرٽ بروس ڪاٽن (Robert Bruce Cotton) ۽ سر هئنس سلون (Hans Slone) جي ڪتب خاني هارلين لائبرري، جارج ٻئي ۽ جارج ٽئين جا شاهي ڪتب خانا آهن. هتي مصري سنگ سياهه جي هڪڙي سِر (حجر روزيٽا) ۽ ايلگن ماربل پڻ رکيل آهن. سر ائنٿني پائيزي (Anthony Panizi) هن ڪتب خاني جي فهرست ڇاپڻ شروع ڪئي. ٻيءَ عالمي جنگ دوران هن ميوزيم جا ڪافي نوادارات ويلز ۾ هڪ ڪوئلي جي کاڻ ۾ حفاظت لاءِ رکيا ويا هئا. برٽش ميوزيم لائبرريءَ ۾ برطانيا مان شايع ٿيندڙ هر ڪتاب جا نسخا رکيا ويندا آهن. هن وقت هن ۾ لکين ڪتابن جو ذخيرو موجود آهي. هن ميوزيم ۾ سنڌ جي نوادرات ۽ دستاويزن جو سٺو ذخيرو آهي.<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B4%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85 ''انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد پھريون.''] ''سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد.''</ref> ميوزيم روزانو 10:00 ايم کان 5:00 تائين کليل آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The British Museum in London |url=https://zaubee.com/biz/the-british-museum-p9aknh7o|website=|date=2022-08-28|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> == نگار خانو == <gallery> فائل:Bm-ginger.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Egyptian grave containing the naturally-preserved body, late predynastic, 3400 BC--> فائل:HuntersPalette-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Fragmentary ceremonial palette known as the [[Hunters Palette]], from the late predynastic period, Naqada III, circa 3250-3100 BC--> فائل:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Sesotris III, c.1850 BC--> فائل:British Museum el-Amarna Hoard.jpg|<!--Part of the el-Amarna hoard, Egypt, circa 1850-1800 BC (18th dynasty)--> فائل:WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 63 - Wooden coffin of pharaoh [[Nubkheperre Intef]] of Egypt's 17th dynasty, 1600 BC--> فائل:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c.1400 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|<!--Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c.1370 BC--> فائل:Quartzite head of Amenhotep III.jpg|<!--Great Court – [[Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III]], c.1350 BC--> فائل:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|<!--Room 61 – The famous false fresco 'Pond in a Garden' from the [[Tomb of Nebamun]], c. 1350 BC--> فائل:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|<!--Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300-1250 BC--> فائل:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|<!--Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of [[Henutmehyt]], Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|<!--Book of the Dead of [[Hunefer]], sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|<!--Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a [[Gayer-Anderson cat|cat]] from the Late Period, about 664–332 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|<!--Room 4 - Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th-30th Dynasty, 600-340 BC--> فائل:London_11-0313_-_17_-_British_Museum_(6466050303).jpg|<!--Room 4 - Sarcophagus of [[Ankhnesneferibre]], 26th dynasty, about 530 BC--> فائل:Nectanebo II obelisk.jpg|<!--Great Court - Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, about 350 BC--> فائل:Rosetta Stone.JPG|<!--Room 4 – The [[Rosetta Stone]], 196 BC, key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.--> فائل:Fayum-66.jpg|<!--Room 62 - Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times 100-200 AD--> </gallery> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * [http://www.britishmuseum.org/ http://www.britishmuseum.org/] {{برٽش ميوزيم|Commonscat|British Museum}} [[زمرو:برٽش ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت حڪومت جا بنا-کاتي عوامي ادارا]] bowhe8jz073tjwskmurgtrnzgn7xf7q 375615 375614 2026-05-03T10:27:28Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 375615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|National museum in London, England}} {{Infobox museum | name = برٽش ميوزيم<br>British Museum | logo = British Museum logo.svg | logo_upright = .8 | image = British Museum (aerial).jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | caption = Aerial view of the British Museum in 2015 | pushpin_map = | established = {{Start date and age|1753|6|7|df=yes}} | collection = Approx. 8 million objects<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| title= Collection size| work= British Museum| access-date= 22 July 2016| archive-date= 12 August 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061205/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| url-status= live}}</ref> | location = [[Great Russell Street]], London, England | leader_type = Chair | leader = [[George Osborne]] | director = [[Nicholas Cullinan]] | visitors = 6,440,120 in 2025<ref name=ALVA>{{cite web |title=LATEST VISITOR FIGURES |website=ALVA|url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> * [[Most visited museums in the United Kingdom|Ranked first nationally]] | publictransit = {{rint|london|underground}} {{rint|london|crossrail}} {{lus|Tottenham Court Road}}<br/>{{rint|london|underground}} {{lus|Goodge Street}}; {{lus|Holborn}}; {{lus|Russell Square}} | website = {{Official URL}} | embedded = {{infobox |child=yes | label1 = Area | data1 = {{convert|807000|sqft|m2|-2|abbr=on}} in<br /> 94 galleries}} }} [[عڪس:British Museum from NE 2.JPG|thumb|300px|left]] '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) يا '''برطانوي عجائب گھر''' [[لنڊن]] جو شمار دُنيا جي چند اھم ترين عجائب گھرن ۾ ٿيندو آھي. ھي انساني ثقافت ۽ تاريخ تي آھي. هن عجائب گھر جي ابتدا 1753ع ۾ ٿي. ھن ۾ ڏسڻ وارن جي لاء 1 ڪروڙ 30 لکُ شيون آھن جيڪي پوري براعظمن مان اڍ گڏ ڪيو ويون آھن. 1846ع ۾ ھن ميوزيم ۾ ڪتابن جي طباعت جي متعلق عھدي تي مشھور برطانوي شاعر ڪووينٽري پيٽ مور 19 سال جي عمر ۾ ملازمت حاصل ڪئي.<ref>Coventry_Patmore</ref> The '''British Museum''' is a public [[museum]] dedicated to [[human history]], art and culture located in the [[Bloomsbury]] area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=van Riel |first=Cees |date=30 October 2017 |title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |url-status=live }}</ref> It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.<ref group="lower-alpha">Among the national museums in London, sculpture and [[decorative art|decorative]] and [[applied art]] are in the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]]; the British Museum houses earlier art, non-Western art, prints and drawings. The [[National Gallery]] holds the national collection of Western European art to about 1900, while art of the 20th century on is at [[Tate Modern]]. [[Tate Britain]] holds British Art from 1500 onwards. Books, manuscripts and many works on paper are in the [[British Library]]. There are significant overlaps between the coverage of the various collections.</ref> Established in 1753, the British Museum was the world's first public national museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|title=History of the British Museum|website=The British Museum|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2025, the museum received 6,440,120 visitors and was the second most visited attraction in the United Kingdom.<ref name=ALVA /> At its beginning, the museum was largely based on the collections of the Anglo-Irish physician and scientist Sir [[Hans Sloane]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|website=The British Library|access-date=February 4, 2026|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=dead}}</ref> It opened to the public in 1759, in [[Montagu House, Bloomsbury|Montagu House]], on the site of the current building. The museum's expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of British colonisation and resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, or independent spin-offs, the first being the [[Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]] in 1881. Some of its best-known acquisitions, such as the Greek [[Elgin Marbles]] and the Egyptian [[Rosetta Stone]], are subject to long-term disputes and [[Repatriation (cultural property)|repatriation]] claims.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{cite web |title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |website=The Independent |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="looted art">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|title=Museums and looted art: the ethical dilemma of preserving world cultures|last=Tharoor|first=Kanishk|date=29 June 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610134203/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1973, the British Library Act 1972<ref>{{Cite web |date=1972 |title=British Library Act 1972 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |url-status=live }}</ref> detached the library department from the British Museum, but it continued to host the now separated [[British Library]] in the same [[British Museum Reading Room|Reading Room]] and building as the museum until 1997. The museum is a [[non-departmental public body]] sponsored by the [[Department for Culture, Media and Sport]]. Like all UK national museums, it charges no admission fee except for loan exhibitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|title=Admission and opening times|work=British Museum|date=14 June 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> == تفصيل == لنڊن ۾ ادب، سائنس ۽ آرٽ جي قديم شين (نوادرات) جو قومي عجائب گهر، جيڪو 1759ع ۾ پارليامينٽ جي قانون مطابق قائم ڪيو ويو. هن ۾ سر رابرٽ بروس ڪاٽن (Robert Bruce Cotton) ۽ سر هئنس سلون (Hans Slone) جي ڪتب خاني هارلين لائبرري، جارج ٻئي ۽ جارج ٽئين جا شاهي ڪتب خانا آهن. هتي مصري سنگ سياهه جي هڪڙي سِر (حجر روزيٽا) ۽ ايلگن ماربل پڻ رکيل آهن. سر ائنٿني پائيزي (Anthony Panizi) هن ڪتب خاني جي فهرست ڇاپڻ شروع ڪئي. ٻيءَ عالمي جنگ دوران هن ميوزيم جا ڪافي نوادارات ويلز ۾ هڪ ڪوئلي جي کاڻ ۾ حفاظت لاءِ رکيا ويا هئا. برٽش ميوزيم لائبرريءَ ۾ برطانيا مان شايع ٿيندڙ هر ڪتاب جا نسخا رکيا ويندا آهن. هن وقت هن ۾ لکين ڪتابن جو ذخيرو موجود آهي. هن ميوزيم ۾ سنڌ جي نوادرات ۽ دستاويزن جو سٺو ذخيرو آهي.<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B4%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85 ''انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد پھريون.''] ''سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد.''</ref> ميوزيم روزانو 10:00 ايم کان 5:00 تائين کليل آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The British Museum in London |url=https://zaubee.com/biz/the-british-museum-p9aknh7o|website=|date=2022-08-28|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> == نگار خانو == <gallery> فائل:Bm-ginger.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Egyptian grave containing the naturally-preserved body, late predynastic, 3400 BC--> فائل:HuntersPalette-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Fragmentary ceremonial palette known as the [[Hunters Palette]], from the late predynastic period, Naqada III, circa 3250-3100 BC--> فائل:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Sesotris III, c.1850 BC--> فائل:British Museum el-Amarna Hoard.jpg|<!--Part of the el-Amarna hoard, Egypt, circa 1850-1800 BC (18th dynasty)--> فائل:WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 63 - Wooden coffin of pharaoh [[Nubkheperre Intef]] of Egypt's 17th dynasty, 1600 BC--> فائل:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c.1400 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|<!--Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c.1370 BC--> فائل:Quartzite head of Amenhotep III.jpg|<!--Great Court – [[Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III]], c.1350 BC--> فائل:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|<!--Room 61 – The famous false fresco 'Pond in a Garden' from the [[Tomb of Nebamun]], c. 1350 BC--> فائل:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|<!--Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300-1250 BC--> فائل:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|<!--Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of [[Henutmehyt]], Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|<!--Book of the Dead of [[Hunefer]], sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|<!--Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a [[Gayer-Anderson cat|cat]] from the Late Period, about 664–332 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|<!--Room 4 - Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th-30th Dynasty, 600-340 BC--> فائل:London_11-0313_-_17_-_British_Museum_(6466050303).jpg|<!--Room 4 - Sarcophagus of [[Ankhnesneferibre]], 26th dynasty, about 530 BC--> فائل:Nectanebo II obelisk.jpg|<!--Great Court - Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, about 350 BC--> فائل:Rosetta Stone.JPG|<!--Room 4 – The [[Rosetta Stone]], 196 BC, key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.--> فائل:Fayum-66.jpg|<!--Room 62 - Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times 100-200 AD--> </gallery> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * [http://www.britishmuseum.org/ http://www.britishmuseum.org/] {{برٽش ميوزيم|Commonscat|British Museum}} [[زمرو:برٽش ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت حڪومت جا بنا-کاتي عوامي ادارا]] 57wzd0guko5wvllie73cnwld0d1dt3r 375617 375615 2026-05-03T10:55:52Z Memon2025 21315 375617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|National museum in London, England}} {{Infobox museum | name = برٽش ميوزيم<br>British Museum | logo = British Museum logo.svg | logo_upright = .8 | image = British Museum (aerial).jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | caption = Aerial view of the British Museum in 2015 | pushpin_map = | established = {{Start date and age|1753|6|7|df=yes}} | collection = Approx. 8 million objects<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| title= Collection size| work= British Museum| access-date= 22 July 2016| archive-date= 12 August 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061205/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| url-status= live}}</ref> | location = [[Great Russell Street]], London, England | leader_type = Chair | leader = [[George Osborne]] | director = [[Nicholas Cullinan]] | visitors = 6,440,120 in 2025<ref name=ALVA>{{cite web |title=LATEST VISITOR FIGURES |website=ALVA|url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> * [[Most visited museums in the United Kingdom|Ranked first nationally]] | publictransit = {{rint|london|underground}} {{rint|london|crossrail}} {{lus|Tottenham Court Road}}<br/>{{rint|london|underground}} {{lus|Goodge Street}}; {{lus|Holborn}}; {{lus|Russell Square}} | website = {{Official URL}} | embedded = {{infobox |child=yes | label1 = Area | data1 = {{convert|807000|sqft|m2|-2|abbr=on}} in<br /> 94 galleries}} }} [[عڪس:British Museum from NE 2.JPG|thumb|300px|left]] '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) يا '''برطانوي عجائب گھر''' [[لنڊن]] جو شمار دُنيا جي چند اھم ترين عجائب گھرن ۾ ٿيندو آھي. ھي انساني ثقافت ۽ تاريخ تي آھي. هن عجائب گھر جي ابتدا 1753ع ۾ ٿي. ھن ۾ ڏسڻ وارن جي لاء 1 ڪروڙ 30 لکُ شيون آھن جيڪي پوري براعظمن مان اڍ گڏ ڪيو ويون آھن. 1846ع ۾ ھن ميوزيم ۾ ڪتابن جي طباعت جي متعلق عھدي تي مشھور برطانوي شاعر ڪووينٽري پيٽ مور 19 سال جي عمر ۾ ملازمت حاصل ڪئي.<ref>Coventry_Patmore</ref> '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) هڪ عوامي عجائب گھر آهي، جيڪو انساني تاريخ فن ۽ ثقافت لاءِ وقف آهي. لنڊن جي بلومزبري علائقي ۾ واقع، ان جو اٺ ملين ڪمن جو مستقل مجموعو دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڏو آهي. <ref>{{Cite web |last=van Riel |first=Cees |date=30 October 2017 |title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |url-status=live }}</ref> اهو انساني ثقافت جي ڪهاڻي کي ان جي شروعات کان وٺي اڄ تائين دستاويز ڪري ٿو. سال 1753ع ۾ قائم ٿيل، برٽش ميوزيم دنيا جو پهريون عوامي قومي عجائب گھر هو.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|title=History of the British Museum|website=The British Museum|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> سال 2025ع ۾، عجائب گھر کي 64,40,120 سياح آيا ۽ اهو برطانيه ۾ ٻيو سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ڪشش هو. شروعات ۾ عجائب گھر گهڻو ڪري اينگلو-آئرش طبيب ۽ سائنسدان سر هانس سلوين جي مجموعن تي ٻڌل هو.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|website=The British Library|access-date=February 4, 2026|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=dead}}</ref> اهو سال 1759ع ۾، مونٽيگو هائوس ۾، موجوده عمارت جي جاءِ تي عوام لاءِ کوليو ويو. ايندڙ 250 سالن کان وڌيڪ ۾، عجائب گھر جي توسيع، وڏي حد تائين برطانوي نوآبادياتي نظام جو نتيجو هو ۽ نتيجي ۾ ڪيترائي شاخ ادارا پيدا ٿيا. اهو سال 1881ع ۾ فطري تاريخ جو پهريون عجائب گھر هو. ان جا ڪجهه مشهور حصول (جهڙوڪ يوناني ايلگن ماربل ۽ مصري روزيٽا پٿر) ڊگهي عرصي جي تڪرارن ۽ واپسي جي دعوائن جي تابع آهن.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{cite web |title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |website=The Independent |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="looted art">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|title=Museums and looted art: the ethical dilemma of preserving world cultures|last=Tharoor|first=Kanishk|date=29 June 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610134203/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|url-status=live}}</ref> سال 1973ع ۾ برٽش لائبريري ايڪٽ 1972ع ايڪٽ لائبريري ڊپارٽمينٽ کي برٽش ميوزيم کان الڳ ڪري ڇڏيو پر اهو ساڳئي ريڊنگ روم ۾ هاڻي الڳ ٿيل برٽش لائبريري جي ميزباني ڪندو رهيو ۽ سال 1997ع تائين ميوزيم جي طور تي تعمير ڪيو ويو. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1972 |title=British Library Act 1972 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |url-status=live }}</ref> ميوزيم هڪ غير ڊپارٽمينٽل عوامي ادارو آهي جيڪو ڪلچر، ميڊيا ۽ اسپورٽ ڊپارٽمينٽ پاران اسپانسر ڪيو ويو آهي. برطانيه جي سڀني قومي عجائب گھرن وانگر اهو ڪا به داخلا فيس نٿو وٺي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|title=Admission and opening times|work=British Museum|date=14 June 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> == تفصيل == لنڊن ۾ ادب، سائنس ۽ آرٽ جي قديم شين (نوادرات) جو قومي عجائب گهر، جيڪو 1759ع ۾ پارليامينٽ جي قانون مطابق قائم ڪيو ويو. هن ۾ سر رابرٽ بروس ڪاٽن (Robert Bruce Cotton) ۽ سر هئنس سلون (Hans Slone) جي ڪتب خاني هارلين لائبرري، جارج ٻئي ۽ جارج ٽئين جا شاهي ڪتب خانا آهن. هتي مصري سنگ سياهه جي هڪڙي سِر (حجر روزيٽا) ۽ ايلگن ماربل پڻ رکيل آهن. سر ائنٿني پائيزي (Anthony Panizi) هن ڪتب خاني جي فهرست ڇاپڻ شروع ڪئي. ٻيءَ عالمي جنگ دوران هن ميوزيم جا ڪافي نوادارات ويلز ۾ هڪ ڪوئلي جي کاڻ ۾ حفاظت لاءِ رکيا ويا هئا. برٽش ميوزيم لائبرريءَ ۾ برطانيا مان شايع ٿيندڙ هر ڪتاب جا نسخا رکيا ويندا آهن. هن وقت هن ۾ لکين ڪتابن جو ذخيرو موجود آهي. هن ميوزيم ۾ سنڌ جي نوادرات ۽ دستاويزن جو سٺو ذخيرو آهي.<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B4%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85 ''انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد پھريون.''] ''سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد.''</ref> ميوزيم روزانو 10:00 ايم کان 5:00 تائين کليل آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The British Museum in London |url=https://zaubee.com/biz/the-british-museum-p9aknh7o|website=|date=2022-08-28|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> == نگار خانو == <gallery> فائل:Bm-ginger.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Egyptian grave containing the naturally-preserved body, late predynastic, 3400 BC--> فائل:HuntersPalette-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Fragmentary ceremonial palette known as the [[Hunters Palette]], from the late predynastic period, Naqada III, circa 3250-3100 BC--> فائل:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Sesotris III, c.1850 BC--> فائل:British Museum el-Amarna Hoard.jpg|<!--Part of the el-Amarna hoard, Egypt, circa 1850-1800 BC (18th dynasty)--> فائل:WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 63 - Wooden coffin of pharaoh [[Nubkheperre Intef]] of Egypt's 17th dynasty, 1600 BC--> فائل:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c.1400 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|<!--Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c.1370 BC--> فائل:Quartzite head of Amenhotep III.jpg|<!--Great Court – [[Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III]], c.1350 BC--> فائل:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|<!--Room 61 – The famous false fresco 'Pond in a Garden' from the [[Tomb of Nebamun]], c. 1350 BC--> فائل:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|<!--Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300-1250 BC--> فائل:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|<!--Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of [[Henutmehyt]], Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|<!--Book of the Dead of [[Hunefer]], sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|<!--Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a [[Gayer-Anderson cat|cat]] from the Late Period, about 664–332 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|<!--Room 4 - Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th-30th Dynasty, 600-340 BC--> فائل:London_11-0313_-_17_-_British_Museum_(6466050303).jpg|<!--Room 4 - Sarcophagus of [[Ankhnesneferibre]], 26th dynasty, about 530 BC--> فائل:Nectanebo II obelisk.jpg|<!--Great Court - Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, about 350 BC--> فائل:Rosetta Stone.JPG|<!--Room 4 – The [[Rosetta Stone]], 196 BC, key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.--> فائل:Fayum-66.jpg|<!--Room 62 - Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times 100-200 AD--> </gallery> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * [http://www.britishmuseum.org/ http://www.britishmuseum.org/] {{برٽش ميوزيم|Commonscat|British Museum}} [[زمرو:برٽش ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت حڪومت جا بنا-کاتي عوامي ادارا]] i2crndms5tigx8hfdqzn28ln2aqwltr 375619 375617 2026-05-03T11:05:22Z Memon2025 21315 /* تاريخ */ 375619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|National museum in London, England}} {{Infobox museum | name = برٽش ميوزيم<br>British Museum | logo = British Museum logo.svg | logo_upright = .8 | image = British Museum (aerial).jpg | image_upright = 1.15 | caption = Aerial view of the British Museum in 2015 | pushpin_map = | established = {{Start date and age|1753|6|7|df=yes}} | collection = Approx. 8 million objects<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| title= Collection size| work= British Museum| access-date= 22 July 2016| archive-date= 12 August 2017| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170812061205/https://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/management/about_us.aspx| url-status= live}}</ref> | location = [[Great Russell Street]], London, England | leader_type = Chair | leader = [[George Osborne]] | director = [[Nicholas Cullinan]] | visitors = 6,440,120 in 2025<ref name=ALVA>{{cite web |title=LATEST VISITOR FIGURES |website=ALVA|url=https://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> * [[Most visited museums in the United Kingdom|Ranked first nationally]] | publictransit = {{rint|london|underground}} {{rint|london|crossrail}} {{lus|Tottenham Court Road}}<br/>{{rint|london|underground}} {{lus|Goodge Street}}; {{lus|Holborn}}; {{lus|Russell Square}} | website = {{Official URL}} | embedded = {{infobox |child=yes | label1 = Area | data1 = {{convert|807000|sqft|m2|-2|abbr=on}} in<br /> 94 galleries}} }} [[عڪس:British Museum from NE 2.JPG|thumb|300px|left]] '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) يا '''برطانوي عجائب گھر''' [[لنڊن]] جو شمار دُنيا جي چند اھم ترين عجائب گھرن ۾ ٿيندو آھي. ھي انساني ثقافت ۽ تاريخ تي آھي. هن عجائب گھر جي ابتدا 1753ع ۾ ٿي. ھن ۾ ڏسڻ وارن جي لاء 1 ڪروڙ 30 لکُ شيون آھن جيڪي پوري براعظمن مان اڍ گڏ ڪيو ويون آھن. 1846ع ۾ ھن ميوزيم ۾ ڪتابن جي طباعت جي متعلق عھدي تي مشھور برطانوي شاعر ڪووينٽري پيٽ مور 19 سال جي عمر ۾ ملازمت حاصل ڪئي.<ref>Coventry_Patmore</ref> '''برٽش ميوزيم''' (British Museum) هڪ عوامي عجائب گھر آهي، جيڪو انساني تاريخ فن ۽ ثقافت لاءِ وقف آهي. لنڊن جي بلومزبري علائقي ۾ واقع، ان جو اٺ ملين ڪمن جو مستقل مجموعو دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڏو آهي. <ref>{{Cite web |last=van Riel |first=Cees |date=30 October 2017 |title=Ranking The World's Most Admired Art Museums, And What Big Business Can Learn From Them |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=Forbes |archive-date=18 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518003932/https://www.forbes.com/sites/rsmdiscovery/2017/10/30/ranking-the-worlds-most-admired-art-museums-and-what-big-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=1f0cee263b33 |url-status=live }}</ref> اهو انساني ثقافت جي ڪهاڻي کي ان جي شروعات کان وٺي اڄ تائين دستاويز ڪري ٿو. سال 1753ع ۾ قائم ٿيل، برٽش ميوزيم دنيا جو پهريون عوامي قومي عجائب گھر هو.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|title=History of the British Museum|website=The British Museum|access-date=12 July 2018|archive-date=9 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009092417/http://www.britishmuseum.org/about_us/the_museums_story/general_history.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> سال 2025ع ۾، عجائب گھر کي 64,40,120 سياح آيا ۽ اهو برطانيه ۾ ٻيو سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ڪشش هو. شروعات ۾ عجائب گھر گهڻو ڪري اينگلو-آئرش طبيب ۽ سائنسدان سر هانس سلوين جي مجموعن تي ٻڌل هو.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|title=The Life and Curiosity of Hans Sloane|website=The British Library|access-date=February 4, 2026|archive-date=19 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119150309/https://www.bl.uk/events/the-life-and-curiosity-of-hans-sloane|url-status=dead}}</ref> اهو سال 1759ع ۾، مونٽيگو هائوس ۾، موجوده عمارت جي جاءِ تي عوام لاءِ کوليو ويو. ايندڙ 250 سالن کان وڌيڪ ۾، عجائب گھر جي توسيع، وڏي حد تائين برطانوي نوآبادياتي نظام جو نتيجو هو ۽ نتيجي ۾ ڪيترائي شاخ ادارا پيدا ٿيا. اهو سال 1881ع ۾ فطري تاريخ جو پهريون عجائب گھر هو. ان جا ڪجهه مشهور حصول (جهڙوڪ يوناني ايلگن ماربل ۽ مصري روزيٽا پٿر) ڊگهي عرصي جي تڪرارن ۽ واپسي جي دعوائن جي تابع آهن.<ref name="rosetta stone">{{cite web |title=The Big Question: What is the Rosetta Stone, and should Britain return |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |website=The Independent |access-date=2 April 2020 |date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=11 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180311015133/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/the-big-question-what-is-the-rosetta-stone-and-should-britain-return-it-to-egypt-1836610.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="looted art">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|title=Museums and looted art: the ethical dilemma of preserving world cultures|last=Tharoor|first=Kanishk|date=29 June 2015|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610134203/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jun/29/museums-looting-art-artefacts-world-culture|url-status=live}}</ref> سال 1973ع ۾ برٽش لائبريري ايڪٽ 1972ع ايڪٽ لائبريري ڊپارٽمينٽ کي برٽش ميوزيم کان الڳ ڪري ڇڏيو پر اهو ساڳئي ريڊنگ روم ۾ هاڻي الڳ ٿيل برٽش لائبريري جي ميزباني ڪندو رهيو ۽ سال 1997ع تائين ميوزيم جي طور تي تعمير ڪيو ويو. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1972 |title=British Library Act 1972 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |website=legislation.gov.uk |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=8 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808215058/https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1972/54/contents |url-status=live }}</ref> ميوزيم هڪ غير ڊپارٽمينٽل عوامي ادارو آهي جيڪو ڪلچر، ميڊيا ۽ اسپورٽ ڊپارٽمينٽ پاران اسپانسر ڪيو ويو آهي. برطانيه جي سڀني قومي عجائب گھرن وانگر اهو ڪا به داخلا فيس نٿو وٺي.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|title=Admission and opening times|work=British Museum|date=14 June 2010|access-date=4 July 2010|archive-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708182945/http://www.britishmuseum.org/visiting/admission_and_opening_times.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> == تفصيل == لنڊن ۾ ادب، سائنس ۽ آرٽ جي قديم شين (نوادرات) جو قومي عجائب گهر، جيڪو 1759ع ۾ پارليامينٽ جي قانون مطابق قائم ڪيو ويو. هن ۾ سر رابرٽ بروس ڪاٽن (Robert Bruce Cotton) ۽ سر هئنس سلون (Hans Slone) جي ڪتب خاني هارلين لائبرري، جارج ٻئي ۽ جارج ٽئين جا شاهي ڪتب خانا آهن. هتي مصري سنگ سياهه جي هڪڙي سِر (حجر روزيٽا) ۽ ايلگن ماربل پڻ رکيل آهن. سر ائنٿني پائيزي (Anthony Panizi) هن ڪتب خاني جي فهرست ڇاپڻ شروع ڪئي. ٻيءَ عالمي جنگ دوران هن ميوزيم جا ڪافي نوادارات ويلز ۾ هڪ ڪوئلي جي کاڻ ۾ حفاظت لاءِ رکيا ويا هئا. برٽش ميوزيم لائبرريءَ ۾ برطانيا مان شايع ٿيندڙ هر ڪتاب جا نسخا رکيا ويندا آهن. هن وقت هن ۾ لکين ڪتابن جو ذخيرو موجود آهي. هن ميوزيم ۾ سنڌ جي نوادرات ۽ دستاويزن جو سٺو ذخيرو آهي.<ref>[http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%BD%D8%B4%20%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%85 ''انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد پھريون.''] ''سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي، حيدرآباد.''</ref> ميوزيم روزانو 10:00 ايم کان 5:00 تائين کليل آهي.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The British Museum in London |url=https://zaubee.com/biz/the-british-museum-p9aknh7o|website=|date=2022-08-28|accessdate=22 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> == نگار خانو == <gallery> فائل:Bm-ginger.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Egyptian grave containing the naturally-preserved body, late predynastic, 3400 BC--> فائل:HuntersPalette-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 64 - Fragmentary ceremonial palette known as the [[Hunters Palette]], from the late predynastic period, Naqada III, circa 3250-3100 BC--> فائل:London - British Museum - 2273.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the pharaoh Sesotris III, c.1850 BC--> فائل:British Museum el-Amarna Hoard.jpg|<!--Part of the el-Amarna hoard, Egypt, circa 1850-1800 BC (18th dynasty)--> فائل:WoodenCoffinOfIntef-BritishMuseum-August21-08.jpg|<!--Room 63 - Wooden coffin of pharaoh [[Nubkheperre Intef]] of Egypt's 17th dynasty, 1600 BC--> فائل:ThreeStatuesOfGoddessSakhmet-ProfileView-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|<!--Room 4 – Three black granite statues of the goddess Sakhmet, c.1400 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 086.JPG|<!--Room 4 – Colossal statue of Amenhotep III, c.1370 BC--> فائل:Quartzite head of Amenhotep III.jpg|<!--Great Court – [[Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III]], c.1350 BC--> فائل:TombofNebamun-2.jpg|<!--Room 61 – The famous false fresco 'Pond in a Garden' from the [[Tomb of Nebamun]], c. 1350 BC--> فائل:Egyptian Couple BM (1).JPG|<!--Room 4 - Limestone statue of a husband and wife, 1300-1250 BC--> فائل:P1050700 (5022075232).jpg|<!--Room 63 - Gilded outer coffins from the tomb of [[Henutmehyt]], Thebes, Egypt, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:Book of the Dead of Hunefer sheet 5.jpg|<!--Book of the Dead of [[Hunefer]], sheet 5, 19th Dynasty, 1250 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 101.jpg|<!--Ancient Egyptian bronze statue of a [[Gayer-Anderson cat|cat]] from the Late Period, about 664–332 BC--> فائل:British Museum Egypt 107.jpg|<!--Room 4 - Green siltstone head of a Pharaoh, 26th-30th Dynasty, 600-340 BC--> فائل:London_11-0313_-_17_-_British_Museum_(6466050303).jpg|<!--Room 4 - Sarcophagus of [[Ankhnesneferibre]], 26th dynasty, about 530 BC--> فائل:Nectanebo II obelisk.jpg|<!--Great Court - Black siltstone obelisk of King Nectanebo II of Egypt, Thirtieth dynasty, about 350 BC--> فائل:Rosetta Stone.JPG|<!--Room 4 – The [[Rosetta Stone]], 196 BC, key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs.--> فائل:Fayum-66.jpg|<!--Room 62 - Detail from the mummy case of Artemidorus the Younger, a Greek who had settled in Thebes, Egypt, during Roman times 100-200 AD--> </gallery> ==تاريخ== * گورننس: عمارت: محڪما: برٽش ميوزيم پريس: تڪرار ۽ تنقيد: پڻ ڏسو: * لوور ميوزيم. * پاڪستان نيشنل ميوزيم آف نيچرل هسٽري. * ٽيڪسلا ميوزيم. * موئن جو دڙو ميوزيم. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ پڙهڻ== ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * [http://www.britishmuseum.org/ http://www.britishmuseum.org/] {{برٽش ميوزيم|Commonscat|British Museum}} [[زمرو:برٽش ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:لنڊن ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:گڏيل بادشاهت حڪومت جا بنا-کاتي عوامي ادارا]] pks0nlp4btf0w8e3hjceqouu45dqvru 0 11930 375608 375077 2026-05-03T08:29:13Z Ibne maryam 17680 375608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{مختصر وضاحت|ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ هڪ رياست (تقريباً 2334–2154 ق م)}} {{Infobox former country | native_name = {{native name|akk|𒆳𒌵𒆠}}<br /><span style="font-weight: normal">{{Transliteration|akk|māt Akkadi}}</span><br />{{native name|sux|𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠}}<br /><span style="font-weight: normal">{{Transliteration|sux|a-ga-de₃^KI}}</span> | conventional_long_name = اڪادي سلطنت<br> Akadian Kingdom | era = [[برونز دور]] | government_type = [[شاهي حڪومت|شاهي بادشاهي]] | year_start = {{circa|2334 ق م}} | year_end = {{cx|2154 ق م}} | life_span = {{circa|2334|2154 ق م}} | event1 = [[سرگون اڪد جا فتحي مهم]] | date_event1 = {{cx|2340|2284 ق م}} | p1 = ابتدائي بادشاهي دور (ميسوپوٽيميا){{!}}ابتدائي بادشاهي دور | s1 = سومر جي گٽين سلطنت{{!}}گٽين دور (سومر) | image_map2_caption = اڪدي سلطنت جو نقشو (ڀورو رنگ) پنهنجي عروج جي وقت، نارام-سين جي دور ۾؛ پيلو تير فوجي مهمن جون سمتون ڏيکاري ٿو | image_map = Empire akkad.svg | image_map_caption = اڪدي سلطنت جو نقشو (ڀورو) ۽ فوجي مهمن جون سمتون (پيلو تير) | capital = [[اڪد شهر|اڪد]] | common_languages = {{plainlist| * [[اڪدي ٻولي]] (غالب) * [[سومري ٻولي]] (عام استعمال) }} | official_languages = {{plainlist| * [[اڪدي ٻولي]] (سرڪاري) * [[سومري ٻولي]] (مذهبي ۽ اعزازي) }} | religion = [[قديم ميسوپوٽيميا جو مذهب|قديم ميسوپوٽيميا جو گهڻ خدائي نظام]] | leader1 = [[سرگون اڪد|سرگون]] (پهريون) | leader2 = [[شو-تورول]] (آخري) | year_leader1 = {{cx|2334–2279 ق م}} | year_leader2 = {{cx|2168–2154 ق م}} | title_leader = [[اڪد جي بادشاهن جي فهرست|شارُّم (بادشاه)]] | today = {{ubl|[[عراق]]|[[ايران]]|[[شام]]|[[ترڪي]]|[[ڪويت]]}} }} {{History of Iraq|File:Stele_of_Naram-Sin_of_Akkad.jpg}} '''اڪادي سلطنت''' (<small>Akadian</small> <small>Empire</small>) '''اڪد/اگاڊي جي بادشاهي'''{{refn|{{langx|akk|^{[[URU (cuneiform)|URU]]}Akkad [[KI (cuneiform)|KI]]}} "(اڪد جو شهر)"; {{langx|hbo|אַכַּד}} {{Transliteration|hbo|Akkad}}.|group=}} هڪ قديم بادشاهي هئي جيڪا تقريباً 2334 ق م ۾ قائم ٿي، ۽ اڪثر ڪري ان کي تاريخ جي پهرين سڃاتل سلطنت سمجهيو وڃي ٿو،<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kirby|first=Mayson| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=QePEDwAAQBAJ|title= History of Civilizations |date=2018|publisher=EDTECH|page=116|isbn=978-1-83947-277-0}}</ref> جيڪا ڊگهي عرصي تائين موجود [[شهري رياستن]] واري نظام [[سومر]] کان پوءِ آئي. هي سلطنت [[اڪد شهر|اڪد]] ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|k|æ|d}} يا {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|k|ɑː|d}}) ۽ ان جي چوڌاري علائقي تي مرڪوز هئي<ref>{{multiref | {{Cite Collins|Akkad}} | {{Cite Dictionary.com|Akkad}} }}{{pb}}{{langx|sux|Agade}}</ref>جيڪو اڄوڪي [[عراق]] ۾ واقع آهي، جتي سيميٽڪ [[اڪدي ٻولي]] ۽ [[سومري ٻولي]] ڳالهائيندڙ ماڻهن کي هڪ حڪومت هيٺ متحد ڪيو ويو ۽ انهن جو اثر سڄي [[ميسوپوٽيميا]]، [[سر زمين شام (ليوانت)|ليوانت]] (ليوانٽ)، اڄوڪي [[ايران]] ۽ [[اناطوليا]] تائين پکڙيو ۽ فوجي مهمون ڏکڻ طرف [[دلمن]] ۽ [[ماگان]] تائين [[عرب جزيري نما]] ۾ ڪيون ويون.۔<ref name="WebsterNinthNewCollege">Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. "Akkad" ''[[iarchive:webstersninthne000merr|Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary]]''. ninth ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster 1985. {{ISBN|0-87779-508-8}}).</ref> هي سلطنت [[سرگون اڪد]] طرفان قائم ڪئي وئي، جنهن [[لوگال-زگيسي]] کي شڪست ڏئي هڪ وسيع علائقي کي متحد ڪيو. هن آزاد [[سومرو-اڪدي]] [[شهري رياستن]] جي نظام کي ختم ڪري، هڪ مرڪزي حڪومت قائم ڪئي جيڪا[[رومي (ڀونوچ) سمنڊ]] کان [[ايران]] تائين ۽ [[اناطوليا]] کان [[فارس جي نار]] تائين پکڙيل هئي. "سرگون" ۽ سندس جانشين، خاص ڪري سندس پوٽو [[نارام-سين]]، فوجي فتحن، انتظامي سڌارن ۽ ثقافتي ميل جول ذريعي سلطنت کي وڌايو. نارام سين پاڻ کي هڪ زنده خدا قرار ڏنو ۽ "چار طرفن جو بادشاهه" جو لقب اختيار ڪيو۔ سيميٽڪ اڪادي ٻولي سلطنت جي [[لنگئا فرانڪا]] بڻجي وئي، جڏهن ته سومري ٻولي مذهبي ۽ ادبي ميدان ۾ اهم رهي. سلطنت جا ثبوت لکتن، انتظامي تختين ۽ مهرن، جهڙوڪ [[باسيٽڪي مجسمو]] مان ملن ٿا. [[اينهدوانا]]، سرگون جي ڌيءَ، اعليٰ پجاري هئي ۽ تاريخ ۾ پهرين سڃاتل ليکڪا سمجهي وڃي ٿي. اڪادي سلطنت 24 هين ۽ 22 هين صدي ق.م. جي وچ ۾ سرگون جي فتحن کان پوءِ پنهنجي سياسي عروج تي پهتي. سرگون ۽ سندس جانشينن جي دور ۾، اڪادي ٻولي پاڙيسري علائقن جهڙوڪ [[ايلام]]، [[لولوبِي]]، [[هٽي]] ۽ [[گوتيم]] تي پڻ لاڳو ڪئي وئي. اڪد کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن تاريخ جي پهرين سلطنت سڏيو وڃي ٿو، جيتوڻيڪ ان اصطلاح جي معنيٰ مڪمل طور واضح نه آهي ۽ ان کان اڳ به سومري سلطنت جي مثال موجود آهن.<ref>F Leo Oppenhiem – Ancient Mesopotamia</ref><ref>Liverani (1993), p. 3.</ref> اڪادي رياست هڪ منظم معيشت تي ٻڌل هئي، جيڪا زراعت، ٽيڪس ۽ فتحن سان هلي ٿي. هن دور ۾ فن، ٽيڪنالاجي ۽ ڊگهي فاصلي واري واپار ۾ به ترقي ٿي، جنهن ۾ [[سنڌو ماٿري]] سان لاڳاپا شامل هئا. پنهنجي طاقت جي باوجود، سلطنت کي اندروني بغاوتن، خانداني عدم استحڪام ۽ ٻاهرين خطري کي منهن ڏيڻو پيو. سرگون جا پٽ [[ريمش]] ۽ [[مانيشتوشو]] حڪومت سنڀالڻ ۾ ناڪام رهيا ۽ ٻئي پرتشدد موت جو شڪار ٿيا. نارام-سين کانپوءِ ايندڙ حڪمران ڪمزور هئا، جنهن ڪري سلطنت ٽٽڻ لڳي۔ آخرڪار، سلطنت اندروني بيچيني ۽ سخت موسمي ۽ معاشي بحران سبب ختم ٿي وئي، جيڪو [[4.2-هزار ساله موسمي واقعي]] سان لاڳاپيل ڏڪار سبب پيدا ٿيو، جنهن فصلن جي ناڪامي، قحط، شهري زوال ۽ آبادي جي لڏپلاڻ جو سبب بڻيو ۽ پوءِ گٽين جي حملي سان سلطنت جو خاتمو ٿيو. ==همعصر ڪتبي ذريعا== [[ڪتبو نويسي|ڪتبي]] ذريعا سرگوني (اڪدي سلطنت) واري دور مان گهٽ ملن ٿا، جزوي طور ان ڪري جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ [[اڪد شهر|اڪد]]، جيئن پوءِ واري [[ميتاني]] ۽ [[پهرئين سيلينڊ خاندان]] جون راڄڌانيون، اڃا تائين سڃاتي نه ويون آهن، جيتوڻيڪ ان بابت گهڻي قياس آرائي ڪئي وئي آهي۔<ref name=wallromana1990>{{cite journal |last1=Wall-Romana |first1=Christophe |year=1990 |title=An Areal Location of Agade |journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=205–245 |jstor=546244 |doi=10.1086/373442 |s2cid=161165836 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last1=Weiss |first1=Harvey |author-link=Harvey Weiss |year=1975 |title=Kish, Akkad and Agade |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=434–453 |jstor=599355 |doi=10.2307/599355}}</ref> ڪي ميخي لکت واريون تختيون اڪدي سلطنت جي قبضي هيٺ شهرن، جهڙوڪ [[اشنونا]] ۽ [[تل اقرب]]، مان کوٽائي دوران هٿ آيون آهن۔<ref>[https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/mad1.pdf] I.J. Gelb, "Sargon Texts from the Diyala Region", Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary, vol. 1, Chicago, 1961</ref> ٻيون تختيون قديم نوادرات جي بازار وسيلي سامهون آيون آهن ۽ اهي عجائب گهرن ۽ خانگي مجموعن ۾ محفوظ آهن، جهڙوڪ [[ادب شهر|ادب]] ۾ اڪدي گورنر سان لاڳاپيل تختيون۔<ref>M. Molina, "Sargonic Cuneiform Tablets in the Real Academia de la Historia : The Carl L. Lippmann Collection", Real Academia de la Historia, 2014 {{ISBN|978-8415069713}}</ref> اندروني شاهدي انهن جي تاريخ بندي سرگوني دور سان ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اصل هنڌ سان به جوڙي ٿي۔ دستاويزي ذخيرا مؤرخن لاءِ خاص اهميت رکن ٿا، پر انهن مان فقط ٿورا ئي دستياب ٿيا آهن۔<ref name="Foster" /> مي-ساگ دستاويزي مجموعو، جنهن جي اشاعت 1958ع ۾ شروع ٿي، سڀ کان اهم مجموعن مان هڪ سمجهيو وڃي ٿو۔ تختين جو تعداد لڳ ڀڳ 500 آهي، جن مان اڌ جيتريون شايع ٿي چڪيون آهن، ۽ اهي گهڻو ڪري ييل يونيورسٽي جي بابلي مجموعي ۽ بغداد عجائب گهر ۾ رکيل آهن، جڏهن ته ڪجهہ ٻيون جدا جدا هنڌن تي موجود آهن۔ هي تختيون نارام-سين جي حڪومت جي آخري دور کان وٺي شار-ڪلي-شري جي حڪومت جي شروعاتي دور تائين جون آهن۔ اهو سمجهيو وڃي ٿو ته اهي امه ۽ لگش جي وچ واري ڪنهن شهر مان آهن ۽ مي-ساگ امه جو گورنر هو۔<ref>Markina, Ekaterina, "Akkadian of the Me-ság Archive", in Babel und Bibel 6, edited by Leonid E. Kogan, N. Koslova, S. Loesov and S. Tishchenko, University Park, US: Penn State University Press, pp. 169–188, 2012</ref><ref>Susan Jane Bridges, The Mesag Archive: A Study of Sargonic Society and Economy, Yale University Dissertation, 1981</ref><ref>Robson, Eleanor, and Gábor Zólyomi, "Mesag reports a murder: cuneiform tablets in the collections of Norwich Castle Museum and Cambridge University Library", Iraq 76, pp. 189–203, 2014</ref> 47 تختين جو هڪ مجموعو [[تل سليماه]] جي کوٽائي دوران همرين بيسن ۾ مليو۔<ref>Visicato, Giuseppe, "The Sargonic Archive of Tell El-Suleimah", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 51, pp. 17–30, 1999</ref> اڪدي حڪمرانن جا مختلف شاهي ڪتبا به مليا آهن۔ اصل مثالن مان گهڻا ننڍا آهن، يا تمام گهڻا ٽٽل آهن، جهڙوڪ [[نارام-سين جي فتحي اسٽيل]] ۽ تيلو مان سرگوني فتحي اسٽيل۔<ref>Foster, Benjamin R., "The Sargonic Victory Stele from Telloh", Iraq, vol. 47, pp. 15–30, 1985</ref> ڪجهه ڊگها مثال پوءِ جي نقلن سبب معلوم آهن، جيڪي گهڻو ڪري تمام پوءِ واري پراڻي بابلي دور جون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ انهن کي اڪثر ڪري گهڻو صحيح سمجهيو وڃي ٿو، پر اهو ڄاڻڻ ڏکيو آهي ته ڇا انهن کي همعصر سياسي حالتن جي عڪاسي لاءِ ايڊٽ ڪيو ويو هو۔<ref name="Frayne" >Douglas R. Frayne, The Sargonic and Gutian Periods (2334–2113), University of Toronto Press, 1993, {{ISBN|0-8020-0593-4}}</ref> بچيل ڊگهن مثالن مان هڪ [[باسيٽڪي مجسمو]] آهي، جيڪو ناريم-سين جي مجسمي جو [[ٽامو|ٽامي]] جو بنياد آهي: {{Blockquote|"نارام-سين، زورآور، اگادي جو بادشاهه، جڏهن چارئي ڪنڊا گڏجي سندس خلاف بغاوت تي لٿا، ته ديوي اشتر جي جيڪا محبت مٿس هئي، تنهن جي طفيل هو هڪ ئي سال اندر نون جنگين ۾ ڪامياب ٿيو، ۽ جن بادشاهن کي انهن (باغين[؟]) سندس خلاف اٿاريو هو، تن کي هن قيد ڪري ورتو۔ ان حقيقت کي ڏسندي ته هن پنهنجي شهر جي بنيادن کي خطري کان بچايو، (سندس شهر جي ماڻهن ايئانا ۾ اشتر، نپور ۾ اينليل، تتل ۾ دگان، ڪيس ۾ ننهرساگ، ايريدو ۾ ايا، اور ۾ سين، سپر ۾ شمش، ۽ ڪوثا ۾ نرگال کان درخواست ڪئي ته (نارام-سين) کي سندن شهر جو ديوتا بنايو وڃي)، ۽ هنن اگادي جي اندر سندس نالي سان هڪ مندر تعمير ڪيو۔ ۽ جيڪو به هن لکت کي ڊاهيندو، شمش، اشتر، نرگال، بادشاهه جو عملدار، يعني مٿي ذڪر ڪيل سڀ ديوتا، سندس بنياد اکيڙي ڇڏين ۽ سندس نسل کي ناس ڪري ڇڏين۔"<ref name="Frayne" /> }} منيشتوشو جي شاهي مجسمن جا ڪيترائي ٽڪرا پڻ مليا آهن، جن سڀني تي هڪ "معياري ڪتبي" جا حصا لکيل آهن۔ ڪجهه ننڍن مختصر ڪتبن کان سواءِ، هي هن حڪمران بابت واحد معلوم همعصر ذريعو آهي۔<ref>Eppihimer, Melissa, "Assembling King and State: The Statues of Manishtushu and the Consolidation of Akkadian Kingship", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 365–80, 2010</ref> هڪ اقتباس: {{Blockquote|"منيشتوسو، جهان جو بادشاهه: جڏهن هن انشان ۽ سيريهم کي فتح ڪيو، تڏهن هن ... جهازن کي هيٺين سمنڊ پار ڪرايو۔ سمنڊ جي هُن پار وارا شهر، جيڪي تعداد ۾ ٻٽيهه هئا، جنگ لاءِ گڏ ٿيا، پر هو انهن تي غالب آيو۔ ان کان پوءِ هن سندن شهرن کي فتح ڪيو، سندن حڪمرانن کي ڪيرايو، ۽ پوءِ جڏهن هن پنهنجن لشڪرن کي اڀاريو، تڏهن هو چانديءَ جي کاڻين تائين لٽي ڦري پهتو۔ هن هيٺين سمنڊ جي هُن پار جبلن مان ڪارو پٿر ڪڍرايو، ان کي جهازن تي چاڙهرايو، ۽ انهن جهازن کي اگادي جي گهات تي آڻي لنگرانداز ڪيو۔"<ref name="Frayne" /> }} {{multiple image|perrow=2|total_width=400|caption_align=center | align = right | direction =horizontal | image1 = P1050576 Louvre Oblélisque de Manishtusu rwk.JPG | image2 = P1050578 Louvre Obélisque de Manishtusu détail rwk.JPG | footer=[[منيشتوشو جو اوبيليسڪ]], متن جي ويجهي ڏيک سان۔ 2270–2255 ق م، [[لوور عجائب گهر]] }} اڪدي سلطنت کان اڳ، ڪئلينڊر جا سال حڪمراني جي انگن سان ظاهر ڪيا ويندا هئا۔ سرگوني دور ۾ سال-نالن جو نظام استعمال ڪيو ويو۔ هي روايت پراڻي بابلي دور جي پڄاڻي تائين جاري رهي، مثال طور، "اهو سال جنهن ۾ الاهي حمورابي بادشاهه اشنونا کي ٻوڏ ذريعي تباهه ڪيو۔"<ref>Ebeling, E. and Meissner, B., "Reallexikon der Assyriologie (RIA-2), Berlin, 1938</ref> ان کان پوءِ سڀني ايندڙ بادشاهتن طرفان حڪمراني جا انگ استعمال ڪيا ويا۔<ref>Horsnell, Malcolm J. A., "Why Year-Names? An Exploration into the Reasons for Their Use", Orientalia, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 196–203, 2003</ref> اڪدي سلطنت دوران، سرگون جي سمجهيل 40 سال-نالن مان 3 معلوم آهن، ريموش جي (سمجهيل 9 مان) 1، نارام-سين جي (سمجهيل 56 مان) 20، ۽ شار-ڪلي-شري جي (سمجهيل 18 مان) 18۔<ref>[https://cdli-gh.github.io/year-names/HTML/T2K1.htm Marcel Sigrist and Peter Damerow, "Mesopotamian Year Names", Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative, 2001]</ref> تازو هڪ اڪيلو سال-نالو به مليو آهي: "اهو سال جنهن ۾ دور-منيشتوسو قائم ڪيو ويو۔"<ref>Alkhafaji, Nashat Ali Omran, "A Double Date Formula of the Old Akkadian King Manishtusu", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 71, pp. 3–9, 2019</ref> ان کان سواءِ شايد هڪ درجن جي لڳ ڀڳ ٻيا نالا به معلوم آهن، پر انهن کي يقيني طور ڪنهن حڪمران سان جوڙي نٿو سگهجي۔ خاص طور تي، ٻين ڪتبن جي کوٽ سبب، سال-نالا اڪدي سلطنت جي تاريخ طئي ڪرڻ ۾ نهايت اهم آهن۔ مثال طور، هڪ سال-نالي مان اسان کي خبر پوي ٿي ته سلطنت پنهنجي پڄاڻي کان گهڻو اڳ گوتين سان تڪرار ۾ هئي۔ اهو هڪ گوتي حڪمران جو نالو ٻڌائي ٿو ۽ بابليون ۾ ٻن مندرن جي تعمير کي اڪدي فتح جي مڃتا طور درج ڪري ٿو۔ {{Blockquote|"اهو سال جنهن ۾ شارڪليشري بابل ۾ ديوي انونيتُم ۽ ديوتا ابا جي مندرن جا بنياد وڌا ۽ جڏهن هن گوتيم جي بادشاهه شارلڪ کي شڪست ڏني۔"<ref>Lambert, Wilfred G., "Babylon: Origins". Babylon: Wissenskultur in Orient und Okzident", edited by Eva Cancik-Kirschbaum, Margarete van Ess and Joachim Marzahn, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 71–76, 2011</ref>}} آخري همعصر ذريعو مهرون ۽ انهن جون مهر بند ٿيل تاريخون آهن۔ ٻين اڪدي سلطنتي ڪتبن جي کوٽ سبب اهي هتي خاص اهميت رکن ٿيون ۽ مؤرخن لاءِ نهايت ڪارآمد آهن۔ مثال طور، ٻه مهرون ۽ هڪ مهر بند ٿيل ٽڪرو [[يور جي شاهي قبرستان]] ۾ مليا، جن ۾ سرگون جي ڌيءَ اين-هيدوانا جو نالو هو۔ ان سان سندس وجود جي تصديق ٿي۔ مهرن تي لکيل هو: "En-hedu-ana, daughter of Sargon: Ilum-pal[il] (is) her coiffeur" ۽ "Adda, estate supervisor/majordomo of En-hedu-ana"۔<ref name="Frayne" /> [[تل موزان]] (قديم اورڪيش) مان تارام-اگاڊي (اڪد <هن> سان پيار ڪري ٿو) جي مٽيءَ جي مهر هٿ آئي، جيڪا [[نارام-سين]] جي هڪ اڳ ۾ نامعلوم ڌيءَ هئي، ۽ شايد ڪنهن اڻڄاتل مقامي ''endan'' (حاڪم) سان پرڻيل هئي۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Buccellati |first1=Giorgio |last2=Kelly-Buccellati |first2=Marilyn |editor1-first=Lamia |editor1-last=Al-Gailani Werr |title=Of Pots and Plans. Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday |year=2002 |publisher=Nabu |location=London |isbn=978-1897750629 |chapter-url=https://urkesh.org/EL-MZ/Buccellati_and_Kelly-Buccellati_2002_Taram_Agade_Daughter_-_MDOG_133.pdf |pages=11–31 |chapter=Tar’am-Agade, Daughter of Naram-Sin, at Urkesh}}</ref> ==پوءِ واريون نقلون ۽ ادبي رچنائون== [[File:Bronze head of an Akkadian ruler, discovered in Nineveh in 1931, presumably depicting either Sargon or Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden).jpg|thumb|هڪ اڪدي حڪمران جو ڪانسي جو سر، جيڪو 1931ع ۾ [[نينوا]] مان مليو، ۽ گمان آهي ته اهو يا ته [[سرگون اڪد|سرگون]] کي يا، وڌيڪ امڪان سان، سرگون جي پوٽي [[نارام-سين]] کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔<ref name="jstor.org">{{cite journal |last1=Mallowan |first1=M. E. L. |year=1936 |title=The Bronze Head of the Akkadian Period from Nineveh |journal=Iraq |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=104–110 |doi=10.2307/4241589 |jstor=4241589 |s2cid=130446624 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kidner |first1=Frank L. |last2=Bucur |first2=Maria |last3=Mathisen |first3=Ralph |last4=McKee |first4=Sally |last5=Weeks |first5=Theodore R. |title=Making Europe: People, Politics, and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-0-618-00479-9 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HumKY7fn9cMC&pg=PA15 |language=en}}</ref>]] اڪدي سلطنت جو ورثو، خاص طور تي سرگون ۽ ناريم-سين جي حڪومتن جو، هزارين سالن تائين ميسوپوٽيميا جي ادبي روايت ۾ محفوظ رکيو ويو ۽ وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو۔ اهو هڪ پاسي تي انهن لکتن جي مبينا نقلن تائين پکڙيل هو جيڪي سرگوني دور مان واقعي موجود هيون، ۽ ٻئي پاسي مڪمل ادبي قصن تائين جيڪي پوريءَ طرح تخيل تي ٻڌل هئا۔<ref>Westenholz, Joan Goodnick, "Heroes of Akkad", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 327–36, 1983</ref> ڪجهه مثال هي آهن: *[[ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ گٽين حڪمراني#نارام-سين خلاف وڏي بغاوت|نارام-سين خلاف وڏي بغاوت]] – سندس حڪومت جي هڪ موقعي تي سلطنت جو وڏو حصو، خاص طور تي پراڻين گهڻو ڪري سومري شهري رياستن، نارام-سين جي خلاف اٿي بيٺو۔ اها بغاوت چيڀاٽي وئي، پر ان واقعي جون گونجون تاريخ ۾ محفوظ رهيون۔ ڪجهه ڪهاڻيون، جهڙوڪ "نارام-سين ۽ دشمنن جا لشڪر" (پراڻو بابلي دور – جيڪا مبينا طور ڪوثا ۾ نرگال جي مندر ۾ هڪ لکت جي نقل هئي) ۽ "گولا-اين ۽ نارام-سين جي خلاف سترهن بادشاهه"، ادبي رچنائون هيون جن انهن موضوعن کي وڌيڪ وڌايو ۽ تبديل ڪيو۔ سڀ کان پراڻو نمونو، جيڪو پراڻي بابلي دور مان آهي، ڪيترين نامڪمل تختين ۽ ٽڪرن ۾ ملي ٿو، جيڪي پاڻ ۾ ڪجهہ فرق رکن ٿا، ۽ دعويٰ ڪن ٿا ته اهي [[نپور]] ۾ [[اينليل]] جي ايڪور مندر ۾ بيٺل نارام-سين جي مجسمي تي لکيل ڪتبي جون نقلون آهن۔ ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو معلوم همعصر لکتن ۽ سال-نالن سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿو، تنهن ڪري ان کي اصيل سمجهيو وڃي ٿو، البته ان سان گڏ ميسوپوٽيميا وارو عام لاڙو به نظر اچي ٿو ته جڏهن ڪجهه خراب ٿئي ٿو ته ان جو مطلب آهي ته توهان ديوتائن کي ناراض ڪيو آهي۔<ref>Tinney, Steve, "A New Look at Naram-Sin and the ‘Great Rebellion’", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 47, pp. 1–14, 1995</ref><ref>Michalowski, Piotr, "New Sources Concerning the Reign of Naram-Sin", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 233–46, 1980</ref><ref>Westenholz, Joan Goodnick, "Naram-Sin and the Enemy Hordes": The “Cuthean Legend” of Naram-Sin", Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 263–368, 1997</ref> {{Blockquote|"… ديوي اشتر-انونلتم جي فيصلي سان، نارام-سين، زورآور، [تيوا] وٽ جنگ ۾ ڪِش جي ماڻهن تي ڪامياب ٿيو۔ [وڌيڪ اهو ته] اِلي-ريسي، سپهه سالار؛ ايلم-مودا، اِببي-زبابا، اِمتالڪ، ۽ پُزر-اسر، ڪِش جا ڪپتان؛ ۽ پُزر-ننگال، تيوا جو گورنر؛ اِلي-ريعا، سندس ڪپتان؛ ڪُليزوم، ايريس جو ڪپتان؛ ايدامعو، ڪوثا جو ڪپتان …"<ref name="Frayne" /> }} *[[ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ گٽين حڪمراني#اڪدي تي لعنت|اگاڊي تي لعنت]] – هي هڪ خالص ادبي رچنا آهي، جيڪا هزارين سالن تائين ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ هلندي رهي۔ اها يور ٽئين خاندان جي دور ۾، واقعن کان هڪ صدي يا وڌ ۾ وڌ ٻه صدين پوءِ، تيار ڪئي وئي، ۽ بنيادي طور فني پروپيگنڊا آهي۔ اڪدي بالادستيءَ جي ڊگهي عرصي کان پوءِ ڏکڻ جا سومري ٻيهر طاقت ۾ اچي ويا۔ يور جي حڪمراني کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن نئين سومري سلطنت به سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ هن رچنا ۾ يور جي عروج کان اڳ سڀئي مصيبتون اڪدي سلطنت جي کاتي ۾ وڌيون ويون آهن (ڇاڪاڻ ته نارام-سين اينليل جي ايڪور مندر کي ٻيهر تعمير دوران ڊاهي پٽ ڪيو، جنهن سبب ميسوپوٽيميا جا اٺ وڏا ديوتا اڪد کان پنهنجو سهارو ۽ تحفظ واپس وٺي ويا)۔ جيتوڻيڪ هي بنيادي طور افسانوي آهي، پر پوءِ به مؤرخن لاءِ ڪارآمد آهي۔<ref>{{cite web|url=http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?text=t.2.1.5|title=The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature}}</ref> {{Blockquote|"… اينليل جبلن مان اهڙن ماڻهن کي ڪڍي آندو جيڪي ٻين ماڻهن جهڙا نه هئا، جيڪي ملڪ جو حصو شمار نه ڪيا ويندا هئا، يعني گوتي، هڪ بي لڳام قوم، جن وٽ انسانن جهڙي عقل هئي پر جبلتن ۾ ڪتن جهڙا ۽ چهري ۾ باندرن جهڙا هئا۔ اهي ننڍڙن پکين وانگر وڏن جهنڊن ۾ زمين تي لهي آيا۔ اينليل جي سبب اهي جانورن جي ڄار وانگر ميدان تي پنهنجا هٿ ڦهلائي بيٺا۔ سندن چنبن مان ڪجهہ به نه بچيو، ۽ ڪنهن به سندن پڪڙ مان جان نه ڇڏائي۔ قاصد هاڻي شاهراهُن تي سفر نه ڪندا هئا، ۽ نه ئي قاصد جي ٻيڙي درياهن ۾ هلندي هئي۔ گوتين اينليل جون ڀروسي جهڙيون ٻڪريون سندن واڙن مان ڪڍي ڇڏيون ۽ سندن ڌڻين کي به پاڻ سان هلڻ تي مجبور ڪيو، هنن ڳئون کي به سندن وٿاڻن مان هٽايو ۽ سندن ڳوٺاڻن کي به سندن پويان وڃڻ تي مجبور ڪيو۔ قيدين کي چوڪيداريءَ تي بيهاريو ويو۔ ڌاڙيل شاهراهُن تي قابض ٿي ويا۔ ملڪ جي شهرن جي دروازن جا در گاري ۾ اٽڪيل پيا هئا، ۽ سڀئي پرديسي ملڪ پنهنجي شهرن جي ڀتين تان ڏکويل دانهن ڪندا هئا …"<ref>Cooper, Jerrold S., The Curse of Agade., The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore/London, 1983</ref><ref>Jacobsen, Thorkild, The Harps that Once .... Sumerian Poetry in Translation. Yale University Press: New Haven/London, 1987</ref>}} اهڙيون ڪيتريون ئي روايتون هيون، جيڪي ڪاتبن جي روايت جي حصي طور نسل در نسل هلنديون رهيون، جن ۾ ''سرگون جي پيدائش واري روايت'' ([[نئون اسيري دور]]), ''وائيڊنر تواريخ'', ۽ ''سرگون اڪد جي سلطنت بابت جاگرافيائي رسالو'' شامل آهن۔<ref>Lenzi, Alan, "Legends of Akkadian Kings", in An Introduction to Akkadian Literature: Contexts and Content, University Park, US: Penn State University Press, pp. 123–132, 2019</ref><ref>E. A. Speiver, "Akkadian Myths and Epics", in Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament with Supplement, edited by James B. Pritchard, Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 60–119, 1955</ref><ref>Albright, W. F., "A Babylonian Geographical Treatise on Sargon of Akkad's Empire", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 45, pp. 193–245, 1925</ref><ref>Al-Rawi, F. N. H. “Tablets from the Sippar Library. I. The ‘Weidner Chronicle’: A Supposititious Royal Letter Concerning a Vision.” Iraq, vol. 52, pp. 1–13, 1990</ref> ==آرڪيالاجي== تعميراتي باقيات جي سڃاڻپ هن حقيقت سبب مشڪل ٿي وڃي ٿي ته ڪڏهن ڪڏهن انهن خاصيتن ۾ واضح فرق نٿو ملي جيڪي اڳئين [[ابتدائي بادشاهي دور (ميسوپوٽيميا)|ابتدائي بادشاهي دور]] سان لاڳاپيل سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون، ۽ انهن ۾ جيڪي اڪدي دور سان منسوب ڪيون وڃن ٿيون۔ ساڳي طرح، اهو مواد جيڪو اڪدي سمجهيو وڃي ٿو، اهو [[يور جو ٽيون خاندان|يور III دور]] تائين به استعمال ۾ رهيو۔<ref>[https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/oip129.pdf] Augusta McMahon, "Nippur V. The Early Dynastic to Akkadian Transition: The Area WF Sounding at Nippur", Oriental Institute Publications 129, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2006 {{ISBN|1-885923-38-4}}</ref> اهڙو ئي مسئلو ميخي لکت واري تختين سان به آهي۔ اڪدي سلطنت جي ابتدائي دور ۾ تختيون ۽ انهن تي لکيل نشان اڳين دورن سان گهڻو ملندڙ جلندڙ آهن، ان کان اڳ جو اهي وڌيڪ مختلف ڪلاسيڪي سرگوني انداز ۾ تبديل ٿين۔<ref name="Foster" >Foster, Benjamin R., "Archives and Record-keeping in Sargonic Mesopotamia", ZAVA, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 1–27, 1982</ref> جيئن ته گاديءَ جو هنڌ اڪد اڃا تائين نه مليو آهي، تنهن ڪري سلطنت جون آثاري باقيات گهڻو ڪري انهن شهرن مان مليون آهن جتي انهن علائقائي گورنر مقرر ڪيا هئا۔ هڪ مثال [[ادب شهر|ادب]] آهي، جتي نارام-سين ادب جي "وڏي بغاوت" ۾ شامل ٿيڻ کان پوءِ سڌي شاهي ڪنٽرول قائم ڪيو۔<ref>[https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/234857/1/2019-Palace_Adab_Sargonic_period.pdf] M. Molina, "The palace of Adab during the Sargonic period", D. Wicke (ed.), Der Palast im antiken und islamischen Orient, Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 9, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 151–20, 2019</ref> [[ماري، شام|ماري]] شهر کي تباهه ڪرڻ کان پوءِ اڪدي سلطنت ان کي ٻيهر تعمير ڪري انتظامي مرڪز بڻايو، جتي هڪ شاهي گورنر مقرر ڪيو ويو۔<ref>Margueron, Jean-Claude, "The Kingdom of Mari", In Crawford, Harriet (ed.). The Sumerian World. Translated by Crawford, Harriet. Routledge, 2013 {{ISBN|978-1-136-21912-2}}</ref> [[نوزي]] شهر پڻ اڪدين قائم ڪيو، جتان ڪيترائي معاشي ۽ انتظامي متن مليا آهن۔<ref>Freedman, Nadezhda, "The Nuzi Ebla", The Biblical Archaeologist, 40 (1), pp. 32–33, 1977</ref> اهڙيءَ طرح [[ماراد]]، [[نپور]]، [[تتوب]] ۽ [[ايبلا]] مان به اهڙا آثار مليا آهن۔<ref>Archi, Alfonso, "Ebla and Its Archives: Texts, History, and Society", Walter de Gruyter, 2015 {{ISBN|978-1-61451-788-7}}</ref><ref>Gibson, McGuire, "A Re-Evaluation of the Akkad Period in the Diyala Region on the Basis of Recent Excavations at Nippur and in the Hamrin", American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 531–38, 1982</ref> موجوده ماڳ [[تل براڪ]] تي کوٽائي مان اهو ظاهر ٿيو آهي ته اڪدين هن هنڌ تي هڪ شهر ("براڪ" يا "نگر") ٻيهر تعمير ڪيو، جنهن کي انتظامي مرڪز طور استعمال ڪيو ويو۔ هن شهر ۾ ٻه وڏيون عمارتون شامل هيون، جن ۾ هڪ پيچيده ڍانچو شامل هو جنهن ۾ مندر، آفيسون، صحن ۽ وڏا تندور شامل هئا۔<ref>J. Oates (2004), pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EnQ8W6AmCq0C&pg=PA5 5]–8.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|jstor = 4200303|title = Akkadian Buildings at Tell Brak|journal = Iraq|volume = 51|pages = 193–211|last1 = Oates|first1 = David|last2 = Oates|first2 = Joan|year = 1989|doi = 10.2307/4200303| s2cid=162449952 }}</ref> ==تاريخ بندي ۽ دؤربندي== اڪدي دور کي عام طور 2334–2154 ق م جي وچ ۾ رکيو وڃي ٿو (جيڪو [[وچولي تاريخ بندي]] موجب آهي)۔ [[مختصر تاريخ بندي|مختصر تاريخ بندي]] موجب 2270–2083 ق م جون تاريخون هاڻي گهٽ امڪاني سمجهيون وڃن ٿيون۔ هن کان اڳ [[ميسوپوٽيميا جو ابتدائي بادشاهي دور]] (اي ڊي) هو ۽ ان کان پوءِ [[يور III دور|يور ٽيون دور]] آيو، جيتوڻيڪ ٻئي تبديليون واضح نه آهن۔ مثال طور، امڪان آهي ته [[سرگون اڪد]] جو عروج ابتدائي بادشاهي دور جي آخري حصي سان گڏ ٿيو هجي، ۽ اڪدي سلطنت جا آخري بادشاهه هڪ ئي وقت [[سومر جي گٽين سلطنت|گٽين]] بادشاهن سان گڏوگڏ [[اروڪ]] ۽ [[لگش]] جي شهري رياستن جي حڪمرانن سان گڏ حڪومت ڪري رهيا هئا۔ اڪدي دور ساڳئي وقت ابتدائي برونز (اي بي) IV (۾ [[اسرائيل]]), اي بي IVA ۽ اي جي IV (۾ [[شام]]), ۽ اي بي IIIB (۾ [[ترڪي]]) سان همعصر آهي۔<ref name=schrakamp>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Schrakamp |first1=Ingo |editor1-first=Roger S. |editor1-last=Bagnall |title=The Encyclopedia of Ancient History |year=2013 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Chicago |doi=10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah24182 |chapter=Sargon of Akkad and his dynasty |pages=6045–6047 |isbn=9781444338386}}</ref><ref name=pruss2004>{{citation |last1=Pruß |first1=Alexander |year=2004 |editor1-last=Lebeau |editor1-first=Marc |editor2-last=Sauvage |editor2-first=Martin |title=Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia |chapter=Remarks on the Chronological Periods |pages=7–21 |isbn=978-2503991207 |series=Subartu |volume=13 }}</ref> ===حڪمرانن جي ٽائيم لائين=== {{Main|اڪد جي بادشاهن جي فهرست}} اڪدي بادشاهن جي نسبتي ترتيب واضح آهي، جيتوڻيڪ اهو نوٽ ڪرڻ گهرجي ته سومري بادشاهن جي فهرست جي يور III نسخي ۾ ريموش ۽ منيشتوشو جي ترتيب کي الٽو ڏيکاريو ويو آهي۔<ref>Steinkeller, P., "An Ur III manuscript of the Sumerian King List", in: W. Sallaberger [e.a.] (ed.), Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift fü r Claus Wilcke. OBC 14. Wiesbaden, 267–29, 2003</ref><ref>Thomas, Ariane. "The Akkadian Royal Image: On a Seated Statue of Manishtushu" Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 105, no. 1-2, 2015, pp. 86–117</ref> انهن جي حڪومتن جون قطعي تاريخون اندازي تي ٻڌل آهن (جيئن ته سڀ تاريخون [[ديرين برونز دور جي زوال]] کان اڳ ''تقريباً'' 1200 ق م تائين آهن)۔<ref name="Mieroop2007" >{{cite book |last1=van de Mieroop |first1=M. |author-link=Marc Van de Mieroop |title=A History of the Ancient Near East, ca. 3000–323 BC |year=2007 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Malden |isbn=978-0-631-22552-2}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! حڪمران ! ! وچولي تاريخ بندي<br/><small>سڀ تاريخون ق م</small> !خانداني وڻ |- |[[سرگون اڪد|سرگون]] |[[File:Sargon_of_Akkad_on_his_victory_stele.jpg|30px]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2334–2279 | style="text-align:center;" rowspan=7|[[File:Akkadkings.jpg|400px]] |- |[[ريمش]] |[[File:Rimush_victory_stele_archer.jpg|30px]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2278–2270 |- |[[منيشتوشو]] |[[File:Statue_de_Manishtusu_-_Sb_47_-_Antiquités_orientales_du_Louvre.jpg|30px]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2269–2255 |- |[[نارام-سين]] |[[File:Relief_of_Naram-Sin_(portrait).jpg|30px]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2254–2218 |- |[[شار-ڪلي-شري]] |[[File:Impression_of_an_Akkadian_cylinder_seal_with_inscription_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg|30px]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2217–2193 |- |[[دودو (اڪد)|دودو]] |[[File:Alabaster_vase_of_Dudu_of_Akkad_Louvre_Museum_AO_31549.jpg|30px|Alabaster vase of Dudu of Akkad Louvre Museum AO 31549]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2189–2169 |- |[[شو-تورول]] |[[File:Votive_hammer_of_Shu-turul_Room_56_Display_case_11_British_Museum_(with_reconstruction_of_the_inscription).jpg|30px|Votive_hammer_of_Shu-turul]] | style="text-align:center;"| 2168–2154 |} ==سلطنت جي تاريخ ۽ واڌ ويجهه== ===سرگون کان اڳ وارو اڪد=== [[Image:Umma2350.PNG|thumb|واڌ کان اڳ اڪد (سائي رنگ ۾)۔ [[سومر]] جو علائقو پنهنجي آخري بادشاهه [[لوگال-زاگي-سي]] جي دور ۾ نارنگي رنگ ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي۔ تقريباً 2350 ق م]] [[File:Sargon on his victory stele.jpg|thumb|سرگون پنهنجي فتحي اسٽيل تي، شاهي [[وارن جو ڳنڍ|وار ڳنڍ]] سان، هٿ ۾ گرز جهليل ۽ کاٻي ڪلهي تي گهيريدار شاهي چوغو ۽ وڏي پٽي پاتل (کاٻي)، جنهن جي پٺيان هڪ خادم شاهي ڇٽي کڻي بيٺو آهي۔<ref name="AOA">{{cite book |last1=Foster |first1=Benjamin R. |title=The Age of Agade: Inventing Empire in Ancient Mesopotamia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317415527 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O680CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="LN">{{cite journal |last1=Nigro |first1=Lorenzo |title=The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief |journal=Iraq |volume=60 |date=1998 |publisher=British Institute for the Study of Iraq |page=92 |doi=10.2307/4200454 |jstor=4200454 |hdl=11573/109737 |s2cid=193050892 }}</ref> سرگون جو نالو ميخي لکت ۾ ("بادشاهه سرگون") سندس چهري جي اڳيان ڌنڌلو نظر اچي ٿو۔<ref name="AOA"/><ref name="LN93-94"/> [[لوور عجائب گهر]].]] [[File:Akkadian official in the retinue of Sargon of Akkad, holding an axe.jpg|thumb|سرگون اڪد جي جلوس ۾ هڪ اڪدي عملدار، هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو جهليل]] اڪدي سلطنت پنهنجو نالو [[اڪد جو علائقو|علائقي]] ۽ اڪد شهر ٻنهي مان ورتو، جيڪي ٻنهي [[دجله]] ۽ [[فرات]] ندين جي گڏجڻ واري عام علائقي ۾ واقع هئا۔ جيتوڻيڪ اڪد شهر جي زميني سڃاڻپ اڃا نه ٿي سگهي آهي، پر اهو مختلف متني ذريعن مان معلوم آهي۔ انهن مان گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هڪ متن سرگون جي حڪومت کان اڳ جو آهي۔ ان حقيقت سان گڏ ته اڪد نالو [[اڪدي ٻولي|اڪدي]] بڻ مان نه آهي، اهو ظاهر ڪري ٿو ته اڪد شهر شايد سرگون کان اڳ واري زماني ۾ به آباد هو۔<ref name=wallromana1990/><ref>{{citation |last1=Foster |first1=Benjamin R.|editor1-first=Roger S. |editor1-last=Bagnall |title=The Encyclopedia of Ancient History |year=2013 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Chicago |doi=10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah01005 |chapter=Akkad (Agade) |pages=266–267 |isbn=9781444338386}}</ref> ===سرگون اڪد=== {{Main|سرگون اڪد}} اڪدي ٻوليءَ ۾ سڀ کان پراڻا رڪارڊ سرگون اڪد جي زماني جا آهن، جنهن [[سومر]]ي بادشاهه [[لوگال-زاگي-سي]] کي [[اروڪ جي جنگ]] ۾ شڪست ڏني ۽ سندس اڳوڻو علائقو فتح ڪري اڪدي سلطنت قائم ڪئي۔ سومري بادشاهن جي فهرست ۾ سرگون کي هڪ ماليءَ جو پٽ ٻڌايو ويو آهي۔ بعد جي ڏند ڪٿائن سندس پيءُ جو نالو لا اِبُم يا اِتّي-بيل ٻڌايو، ۽ سندس ڄائي ماءُ کي [[اشتار]] جي هڪ پجارڻ (يا شايد هڪ [[مندر جي خادمه]]) چيو ويو، جيڪا سومري ديوي [[اِنانا]] جي اڪدي هم منصب هئي۔ [[نئون اسيري دور|نئين اسيري دور]] جي سرگون بابت هڪ ڏند ڪٿا ۾ هو پاڻ چوي ٿو: {{Blockquote|منهنجي ماءُ هڪ [[بدلائي ويل ٻار|بدلائي ويل]] هئي، منهنجي پيءُ کي مان نه سڃاڻندو هئس۔ منهنجي پيءُ جا ڀائر جبلن سان محبت ڪندا هئا۔ منهنجو شهر ازورپيرانو آهي (جهنگلي ٻوٽن جا ميدان)، جيڪو فرات جي ڪنارن تي واقع آهي۔ منهنجي بدلائي ويل ماءُ مون کي ڳجهيءَ طرح ڄڻيو۔ هن مون کي ڪانن جي ٽوڪريءَ ۾ رکيو، ۽ گندڪ سان منهنجو ڍڪ بند ڪيو۔ هن مون کي درياهه ۾ ڇڏيو، جيڪو مون تي چڙهي نه آيو۔ درياهه مون کي کڻي هليو ۽ اڪّي، پاڻي ڀرڻ واري، وٽ پهچايو۔ اڪّي، پاڻي ڀرڻ واري، مون کي پنهنجي پٽ وانگر وٺي پاليو۔ اڪّي، پاڻي ڀرڻ واري، مون کي پنهنجو مالي مقرر ڪيو۔ جڏهن مان مالي هئس تڏهن اشتار مون تي پنهنجي محبت ڪئي، ۽ چئن ۽ (پنجاهه؟) ورهين تائين ... مون بادشاهي هلائي۔<ref name=Roux />}} بعد ۾ سرگون جي حق ۾ اهو دعويٰ به ڪيو ويو ته سندس ماءُ هڪ ''اينتو'' پجارڻ (اعليٰ پجارڻ) هئي۔ اهي دعوائون شايد اشرافي نسب ثابت ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪيون ويون، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهڙو منصب رڳو ڪنهن اعليٰ خاندان مان ئي حاصل ٿي سگهندو هو۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stiebing |first1=H. William Jr. |title=Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture |publisher=Pearson Longman; University of New Orleans |year=2009 |page=69}}</ref> شروع ۾ [[جام بردار|جام بردار]] ([[ربشاقي]]) طور [[ڪش (سومر)|ڪش]] جي هڪ بادشاهه وٽ، جنهن جو نالو [[سامي ٻوليون|سيميٽڪ]] هو، [[اور-زبابا]] جي خدمت ڪندي، سرگون پوءِ مالي بڻيو، جنهن جي ذميواري آبپاشيءَ جي واهن جي صفائي هئي۔ ان وقت شاهي جام بردار حقيقت ۾ هڪ اهم سياسي عهدو هو، جيڪو بادشاهه جي ويجهو هوندو هو ۽ ان سان گڏ ڪيترن ئي اعليٰ درجي جي ذميوارين سان لاڳاپيل هوندو هو، جيڪي ان عهدي جي نالي مان ظاهر نه ٿيون ٿين۔<ref>{{citation |title=Sargon |doi=10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1101500}}</ref> ان سان هن کي هڪ منظم مزدورن جي جٿي تائين رسائي ملي، جيڪي شايد سندس پهريان سپاهي به هئا۔ اور-زبابا کي هٽائي، سرگون بادشاهه تاجپوش ٿيو، ۽ هن پرڏيهي فتحن جي مهم شروع ڪئي۔<ref>Samuel Noah Kramer, ''The Sumerians'', Chicago University Press, 1971, {{ISBN|0-226-45238-7}}</ref> هن چار ڀيرا [[شام]] ۽ [[ڪنعان]] تي چڙهائي ڪئي، ۽ ٽن سالن تائين "اولهه" جي ملڪن کي مڪمل طور زير ڪيو ته جيئن انهن کي ميسوپوٽيميا سان "هڪ اڪيلي سلطنت" ۾ گڏ ڪري۔ تنهن هوندي به سرگون هن عمل کي اڳتي وڌايو، ڀرپاسي جي ڪيترن ئي علائقن کي فتح ڪري اهڙي سلطنت ٺاهي، جيڪا اولهه طرف [[بحر روم]] ۽ شايد [[قبرص]] (''ڪپتارا'') تائين، اتر طرف جبلن تائين (هڪ پوءِ وارو [[هٽي ٻولي|هٽي]] متن دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هن [[هتي ماڻهو|هتي]] بادشاهه [[نورداگال]] سان [[بروشندا]] ۾ جنگ ڪئي، جيڪو [[اناطوليا]] جي اندر گهڻو اڳتي هو)، اوڀر طرف [[ايلام]] کان پار، ۽ ڏکڻ طرف [[ماگان]] ([[عمان]]) تائين پهتي — هڪ اهڙو علائقو جنهن تي سندس حڪومت مبينا طور 56 سال رهي، جيتوڻيڪ رڳو چار "سال-نالا" بچيا آهن۔ هن پنهنجي قبضي کي مضبوط ڪرڻ لاءِ اڳين مخالف حڪمرانن جي جاءِ تي پنهنجي اباڻي شهر اڪد جي معزز ماڻهن کي مقرر ڪيو، اهڙيءَ طرح وفاداري کي يقيني بڻايو۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stiebing |first1=H. William Jr. |title=Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture |publisher=Pearson Longman; University of New Orleans |year=2009 |page=70}}</ref> [[File:Prisoners on the victory stele of an Akkadian king circa 2300 BCE Louvre Museum Sb 3.jpg|thumb|left|هڪ سپاهي جي نگرانيءَ هيٺ قيدي، سرگون اڪد جي هڪ فتحي اسٽيل تي، تقريباً 2300 ق م۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Potts |first1=D. T. |title=The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521564960 |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mc4cfzkRVj4C&pg=PA104 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Harper |first1=Prudence O. |title=Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre |date=1992 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/RoyalCityofSusaAncientNearEasternTreasuresintheLouvre/page/n182 162]–163 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://archive.org/details/RoyalCityofSusaAncientNearEasternTreasuresintheLouvre |language=en}}</ref> قيدين جي وارن جو انداز (مٿي گهنگهرالا وار ۽ ڪنارن تي ننڍا وار) سومرين جي خاص سڃاڻپ آهي، جيئن [[يور جو معيار]] تي پڻ ڏسي سگهجي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nigro |first1=Lorenzo |title=The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief |journal=Iraq |volume=60 |date=1998 |pages=85–102 |publisher=British Institute for the Study of Iraq |doi=10.2307/4200454 |jstor=4200454 |hdl=11573/109737 |s2cid=193050892 }}</ref> [[لوور عجائب گهر]].]] واپار [[چاندي]] جي کاڻين، جيڪي اناطوليا ۾ هيون، کان وٺي موجوده [[افغانستان]] جي [[لاجورد]] جي کاڻين تائين، [[لبنان]] جي [[لبناني ديوار|ديدارن]] تائين ۽ [[ماگان]] جي [[ٽامو|ٽامي]] تائين پکڙيل هو۔ سومر ۽ اڪد جي شهري رياستن جي هن گڏجڻ ميسوپوٽيميا جي وڌندڙ معاشي ۽ سياسي طاقت جي عڪاسي ڪئي۔ سلطنت جو اناج پيدا ڪندڙ بنيادي علائقو مينهن تي ڀاڙيندڙ زرعي نظام هو، ۽ شاهي ڪڻڪ جي پيداوار تي قبضي لاءِ قلعن جي هڪ زنجير تعمير ڪئي وئي۔ سرگون جون تصويرون پنهنجي فتحن جي نشاني طور بحر روم جي ڪنارن تي نصب ڪيون ويون، ۽ ملڪ اندر فتح ٿيل زمينن جي مالِ غنيمت سان شهر ۽ محل تعمير ڪيا ويا۔ ايلام ۽ ميسوپوٽيميا جو اترين حصو به زير ڪيو ويو، ۽ [[سومر]] ۾ بغاوتون چيڀاٽي ويون۔ معاهدي وارين تختين تي [[ڪنعان]] جي خلاف ۽ [[گوتي دور|گوتيم]] جي بادشاهه [[سرلڪ]] جي خلاف مهمن وارن سالن جون تاريخون مليون آهن۔ هن اهو فخر به ڪيو ته هن "چارئي پاسا" زير ڪيا — يعني اڪد جي اتر، ڏکڻ (سومر)، اوڀر (ايلام) ۽ اولهه ([[اموري|مارتو]]) واريون زمينون۔ ابتدائي تاريخي متنن مان ڪجهه ([[بابلي تواريخ|اي بي سي 19، 20]]) اهو ظاهر ڪن ٿا ته هن بابل شهر (''باب-اِلو'') کي اڪد جي ويجهو پنهنجي نئين هنڌ تي ٻيهر تعمير ڪيو۔<ref>Dalley proposes that these sources may have originally referred to [[سرگون ٻيون|سرگون II]] of the Assyria rather than Sargon of Akkad. Stephanie Dalley, "Babylon as a Name for Other Cities Including Nineveh", in [http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/saoc62.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730041524/http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/saoc62.pdf|date=30 July 2012}}'' Proceedings of the 51st [[Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale]]'', Oriental Institute SAOC 62, pp. 25–33, 2005</ref> سندس حڪومت جي پڇاڙيءَ ڏانهن مشڪلاتون وڌڻ لڳيون۔ پوءِ واري هڪ بابلي متن ۾ لکيل آهي: {{Blockquote|پنهنجي پوڙهائپ ۾، سڀئي ملڪ سندس خلاف بغاوت تي لٿا، ۽ هنن اڪد (شهر) ۾ کيس گهيرو ڪيو [پر] هو جنگ لاءِ نڪتو ۽ انهن کي شڪست ڏنائين، کين ڪيرائي وڌائين ۽ سندن وڏي لشڪر کي تباهه ڪيائين۔}} اهو سندس "ايلام" واري مهم ڏانهن اشارو ڪري ٿو، جتي هن اوان جي بادشاهه جي اڳواڻيءَ هيٺ هڪ گڏيل لشڪر کي شڪست ڏني ۽ شڪست کاڌلن کي پنهنجو باجگذار بڻايو۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stiebing |first1=H. William Jr. |title=Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture |publisher=Pearson Longman; University of New Orleans |year=2009 |page=71}}</ref> ٿوري ئي دير کان پوءِ هڪ ٻي بغاوت به ٿي: {{Blockquote|سبارتو، مٿيون ملڪ—پنهنجي واري تي حملو ڪيو، پر اهي سندس هٿيارن آڏو جهڪي پيا، ۽ سرگون سندن رهائشون مقرر ڪيون، ۽ هنن کي سختي سان ماري ڪيرايو۔}} ===ريمش ۽ منيشتوشو=== {{Main|ريمش|منيشتوشو}} [[File:P1150890 Louvre stèle de victoire Akkad AO2678 rwk.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|اڪدي سپاهي دشمنن کي قتل ڪندي، تقريباً 2300 ق م، شايد ريمش جي فتحي اسٽيل مان۔<ref name="ML">{{cite web |title=Musée du Louvre-Lens – Portail documentaire – Stèle de victoire du roi Rimush (?) |url=http://ressources.louvrelens.fr/EXPLOITATION/oeuvre-ao-2678.aspx |website=ressources.louvrelens.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref>]] سرگون وڌاپي ۾ به مخالفت کي چيڀاٽي ڇڏيو هو۔ اهي ئي ڏکيائيون وري سندس پٽن جي دور ۾ اڀريون، جتي [[ريمش (اڪد)|ريمش]] (2278–2270 ق م) جي نون سالن واري حڪومت دوران بغاوتون ٿيون، ۽ هن سلطنت کي بچائڻ لاءِ سخت جنگيون ڪيون ۽ ڪامياب به رهيو، تان جو پنهنجن ئي درٻاريَن مان ڪجهه ماڻهن جي هٿان قتل ڪيو ويو۔ سندس لکتن موجب، هن کي وسيع بغاوتن کي منهن ڏيڻو پيو، ۽ هن کي [[يور]]، [[امه]]، [[ادب شهر|ادب]]، [[لگش]]، [[دير (سومر)|دير]] ۽ [[ڪزالو]] جا شهر باغي ''[[انسي]]''ن کان ٻيهر فتح ڪرڻا پيا:<ref name="WJH93"/> ريمش وڏي پيماني تي قتل عام ۽ سومري شهري رياستن جي وسيع تباهي متعارف ڪرائي، ۽ پنهنجي تباهڪارين جو باقاعده تفصيلي رڪارڊ رکيو۔ سومر جا گهڻا وڏا شهر تباهه ڪيا ويا، ۽ سومري انساني نقصان نهايت وڏا هئا:<ref name="WJH93">{{cite book |last1=Hamblin |first1=William J. |title=Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-52062-6 |pages=93–94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=biyDDd0uKGMC&pg=PT93 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Crowe |first1=D. |title=War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice: A Global History |date=2014 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-03701-5 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSnFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT10 |language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" align="center" style="margin-left: 1em;" style="font-size: 80%;" |- | colspan="7" align="center" cellspacing="0" style="background:lightgrey; color:black" |ريمش جي مهمن مان سومري جاني نقصان<ref name="WJH93"/> |- |تباهه ٿيل شهر: | align=center rowspan=1 |'''[[ادب شهر|ادب]]''' ۽ '''[[زبالا (سومر)|زبالا]]''' |align=center rowspan=1|'''[[امه]]''' ۽ '''KI.AN''' | colspan="1" align=center |'''[[يور]]''' ۽ '''[[لگش]]''' | colspan="1" align=center |'''[[ڪزالو]]''' | colspan="1" align=center |'''([[سومر]] ۾ ٽي جنگيون)''' | colspan="1" align=center |ڪل |- | قتل ڪيل |15,718 |8,900 |8,049 |12,052 |11,322 |56,041 |- | گرفتار ۽ غلام بڻايل |14,576 |3,540 |5,460 |5,862 |_ |29,438 |- | "تڙيا ڪڍيل ۽ ناس ڪيل" |_ |5,600 |5,985 |_ |14,100 |25,685 |- |} ريمش جو وڏو ڀاءُ [[منيشتوشو]] (2269–2255 ق م) سندس جانشين ٿيو۔ لڳي ٿو ته هن 32 بادشاهن خلاف هڪ سامونڊي جنگ وڙهي، جيڪي سندس خلاف گڏ ٿيا هئا، ۽ هن انهن جي اڳ-[[عرب ماڻهو|عرب]] ملڪ تي قبضو ڪري ورتو، جيڪو اڄوڪي [[گڏيل عرب امارات]] ۽ [[عمان]] تي مشتمل هو۔ پنهنجي ڪاميابي جي باوجود، پنهنجي ڀاءُ وانگر لڳي ٿو ته هو به محلاتي سازش ۾ قتل ڪيو ويو۔<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stiebing|first1=H. William Jr.|title= Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture|publisher=Pearson Longman; University of New Orleans|year=2009|page=72}}</ref><ref name="WJH93"/> ===نارام-سين=== {{Main|نارام-سين}} [[File:Stele of Naram-Sin of Akkad.jpg|thumb|نارام-سين جو پورٽريٽ، سندس نالي واري لکت سان]] منيشتوشو جو پٽ ۽ جانشين، [[نارام-سين]] (2254–2218 ق م)، پنهنجي وسيع فوجي فتحن سبب، شاهي لقب "بادشاهه نارام-سين، [[چارئي پاسن جو بادشاهه|چارئي پاسن جو بادشاهه]]" (''لوگال نارام-سئن، شار ڪِبرات اربعئم'') اختيار ڪيو، جتي "چارئي پاسا" سڄي دنيا ڏانهن اشارو هو۔ کيس سومري ثقافت ۾ پهريون ڀيرو "اگاڊي جو ديوتا" (سومري = DINGIR، اڪدي = ''اِلو'') پڻ سڏيو ويو، جيڪو اڳئين مذهبي عقيدي جي ابتڙ هو، جنهن مطابق بادشاهه رڳو ماڻهن جا نمائندا هوندا هئا، ديوتائن آڏو۔<ref name="H.William 2009 p.74"/><ref>[https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/ois4.pdf] Piotr Michalowski, "The Mortal Kings of Ur: A Short Century of Divine Rule in Ancient Mesopotamia", in Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and Beyond – Nicole Brisch ed., pp. 33–45, Oriental Institute Seminars 4, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2012 {{ISBN|978-1-885923-55-4}}</ref> سندس حڪومت جي شروعات ۾ به بغاوتون ٿيون،<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Steve |last1=Tinney |title=A New Look at Naram-Sin and the Great Rebellion |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |volume=47 |pages=1–14 |year=1995 |doi=10.2307/1359810 |jstor=1359810 |s2cid=163629316 }}</ref> پر هن جلدي انهن کي چيڀاٽي ڇڏيو۔ [[File:Victory_stele_of_Naram_Sin_9068.jpg|thumb|[[نارام-سين جي فتحي اسٽيل]]، جيڪا [[لولوبي]] ماڻهن خلاف [[زاگروس]] مان 2260 ق م جي فتح جو جشن ملهائي ٿي۔ هن شاخدار خود پائي رکيو آهي، جيڪو الوهيت جي علامت آهي، ۽ ٻين جي ڀيٽ ۾ وڏي قد ۾ ڏيکاريو ويو آهي ته جيئن سندس برتري ظاهر ٿئي۔<ref name="H.William 2009 p.74">{{cite book |last1=Stiebing |first1=H. William Jr. |title=Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture |publisher=Pearson Longman |year=2009 |page=74 |isbn=978-0-321-42297-2 }}</ref> [[سپر]] مان 12هين صدي ق م ۾ جنگي مال طور [[سوسا]] آندو ويو۔]] نارام-سين [[ايبلا]] سان گڏوگڏ [[ارمانوم]] ۽ ان جي بادشاهه جي اڪدي فتح جو پڻ ذڪر ڪيو۔<ref name="Otto2006">{{cite journal |first1=Adelheid |last1=Otto |title=Archaeological Perspectives on the Localization of Naram-Sin's Armanum |journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies |volume=58 |pages=1–26 |year=2006 |doi=10.1086/JCS40025220 |s2cid=163490130 }}</ref> [[File:TellBrakNaramsinN.jpg|thumb|[[نارام-سين]] جو محل [[تل براڪ]] ۾۔]] شام تي بهتر نگراني لاءِ، هن تل براڪ ۾ هڪ شاهي رهائشگاهه تعمير ڪئي، جيڪو [[خابور ندي]] جي واديءَ ۾ [[جزيره، ميسوپوٽيميا|جزيره]] جي دل ۾ هڪ واٽ چوڪ هو۔ نارام-سين ماگان خلاف به مهم هلائي، جنهن به بغاوت ڪئي هئي؛ نارام-سين "[[ماجان]] خلاف ڪاهيو ۽ ذاتي طور ان جي بادشاهه مندانّو کي پڪڙيو"، جتي هن اهم رستن جي حفاظت لاءِ فوجي چوڪيون قائم ڪيون۔ وڏو خطرو اتر جي زاگروس جبلن مان اچي رهيو هو، يعني لولوبي ۽ گوتي۔ [[لولوبِي]] خلاف مهم جي نتيجي ۾ "نارام-سوئن جي فتحي اسٽيل" تراشي وئي، جيڪا هاڻي [[لوور عجائب گهر|لوور]] ۾ آهي۔ [[هتي ماڻهو|هتي]] ذريعا دعويٰ ڪن ٿا ته اڪد جو نارام-سين [[اناطوليا]] تائين به وڌي ويو، جتي هن هتي ۽ [[حوري ماڻهو|حوري]] بادشاهن [[پامبا]] جو [[هتي]]، [[زيپاني]] جو [[ڪنيش]]، ۽ ٻين 15 حڪمرانن سان جنگ ڪئي۔ معيشت تمام گهڻي منصوبابند هئي۔ اناج صاف ڪيو ويندو هو، ۽ اناج ۽ تيل جا راشن شهر جي ڪمارن طرفان ٺهيل معياري ٿانون ۾ ورهايا ويندا هئا۔ ٽيڪس پيداوار ۽ محنت جي صورت ۾ عوامي ڀتين، جن ۾ شهر جون ڀتيون، مندر، آبپاشيءَ جا واهه ۽ پاڻيءَ جا رستا شامل هئا، تي ڏنا ويندا هئا، جنهن مان وڏا زرعي اضافا پيدا ٿيندا هئا۔<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fagan |first1=Brian |year=2004 |title=The Long Summer: how climate changed civilisation |publisher=Granta Books |isbn=1-86207-644-8 }}</ref> هي نئون اڪدي دولت شايد سازگار موسمي حالتن، وڏن زرعي اضافن، ۽ ٻين قومن جي دولت جي ضبطگيءَ تي ٻڌل هئي۔<ref name="William J. Burroughs 2008">{{cite book |first1=William J. |last1=Burroughs |title=Climate Change in Prehistory: The end of the age of chaos |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-521-07010-2 }}</ref> بعد وارن اسيري ۽ بابلي متنن ۾ ''اڪد'' جو نالو، ''سومر'' سان گڏ، شاهي لقب جي حصي طور اچي ٿو، جيئن سومري [[LUGAL]] KI-EN-GI KI-URI يا اڪدي ''شار مات شُمري اُ اڪدي''،<ref name="Mieroop2007" /> جنهن جو ترجمو آهي "سومر ۽ اڪد جو بادشاهه"۔<ref>Ulanowski, Krzysztof, "The Rituals of Power: The Akkadian Tradition in Neo-Assyrian Policy", Tradition and Innovation in the Ancient Near East. Ed. by A. Arch, Winona Lake, Indiana Eisenbrauns, pp. 237-250, 2015</ref> هي لقب ان بادشاهه اختيار ڪيو، جنهن [[نپور]] تي قبضو ڪيو، جيڪو ڏاکڻي ميسوپوٽيميا جو فڪري ۽ مذهبي مرڪز هو۔ اڪدي دور ۾، اڪدي ٻولي وچ اوڀر جي [[لسان عام]] بڻجي وئي، ۽ انتظام لاءِ سرڪاري طور استعمال ٿيڻ لڳي، جيتوڻيڪ سومري ٻولي ڳالهائڻ ۽ ادب ۾ برقرار رهي۔ اڪدي ٻوليءَ جي پکڙجڻ شام کان ايلام تائين ٿي، ۽ ايتري قدر جو [[ايلامي ٻولي]] کي به عارضي طور ميسوپوٽيميا جي [[ميخي لکت]] ۾ لکيو ويو۔ اڪدي متن پوءِ ڏورانهن هنڌن تائين پهتا، [[قديم مصر|مصر]] (جي [[امرنا دور]] ۾) ۽ [[اناطوليا]] کان وٺي [[فارس]] ([[بيهستون]]) تائين۔ ===زوال=== [[File:The Gutians capturing a Babylonian city.jpg|thumb|[[سومر جي گٽين سلطنت|گوتي]] هڪ بابلي شهر تي قبضو ڪندي، جڏهن اڪدي پنهنجي شهر کان ٻاهر مزاحمت ڪري رهيا آهن۔ 19هين صديءَ جي هڪ تمثيلي تصوير۔]] {{See also|سومر جي گٽين سلطنت}} اڪد جي سلطنت غالباً 22هين صدي ق م ۾، پنهنجي قيام کان 180 سالن جي اندر، زوال پذير ٿي، جنهن سان هڪ "[[اونداهو دور (تاريخ نويسي)|اونداهو دور]]" شروع ٿيو، جنهن ۾ [[يور جو ٽيون خاندان]] اچڻ تائين ڪا نمايان شاهي مرڪزي طاقت نه رهي۔ علائقي جي سياسي ڍانچي شايد ٻيهر [[شهري رياست]]ن جي مقامي حڪمراني واري اڳئين حالت ڏانهن موٽي وئي هجي۔<ref name=Zettler24>Zettler (2003), pp. 24–25.</ref> شارڪليشري جي حڪومت جي آخر تائين سلطنت ٽٽڻ شروع ٿي وئي هئي۔ ڪيترن سالن جي افراتفري (۽ چئن بادشاهن) کان پوءِ [[شو-تورول]] ۽ دودو لڳي ٿو ته ڪجهه ڏهاڪن لاءِ مرڪزي اختيار بحال ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيا؛ تنهن هوندي به، اهي آخرڪار سلطنت جي مڪمل زوال کي روڪي نه سگهيا۔ انهيءَ نتيجي ۾ پيدا ٿيل اقتداري خال ۾ [[گوتي دور|گوتي]]، جن کي شارڪليشري جي دور ۾ اڪد فتح ڪيو هو، مرڪزي بابلي علائقي تي ادب ۽ امه تائين قبضو ڪري ورتو، ۽ [[انشان]] عارضي طور ديالا علائقي ۽ خود اڪد شهر تي به ڪنٽرول قائم ڪيو۔ هن وچ واري بي حڪمرانيءَ جي مدت بابت اندازا 40 سالن کان 100 سالن تائين آهن۔ [[اور-نمو جي قانوننامي]] جي ديباچي ۾ هو دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته هن اڪشڪ، مارادا، گريڪل، [[ڪزالو]]، ۽ اُصَرم کي انشان کان آزاد ڪرايو۔<ref>Kraus, Nicholas, "The Weapon of Blood: Politics and Intrigue at the Decline of Akkad", Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2018</ref><ref>Badamchi, Hossein, "The Burden of Proof in Neo-Sumerian Law: A New Look at the Gutian Period in Codex Ur-Namma", Journal of Near Eastern Studies 84.2, pp. 315-332, 2025</ref> گوتي دور بابت ٿورو ئي معلوم آهي، ۽ اهو به واضح نه آهي ته اهو ڪيترو وقت هليو۔ ميخي لکت وارا ذريعا ظاهر ڪن ٿا ته گوتين جي انتظاميه زراعت، لکتن جي رڪارڊ، يا عوامي سلامتيءَ جي سنڀال بابت گهڻي پرواهه نه ڏيکاري؛ مشهور آهي ته هنن سڀني مال وارن جانورن کي آزاد گهمڻ ڏنو، جنهن ڪري جلد ئي [[قحط]] ۽ اناج جي اگهن ۾ تيز واڌ پيدا ٿي وئي۔ سومري بادشاهه [[اور-نمو]] (2112–2095 ق م) پنهنجي حڪومت دوران گوتين کي ميسوپوٽيميا مان ڪڍي ڇڏيو۔ ''سميري بادشاهن جي فهرست''، جيڪا شار-ڪلي-شري جي وفات کان پوءِ اڪدي سلطنت جو احوال بيان ڪري ٿي، چوي ٿي: {{Blockquote|بادشاهه ڪير هو؟ ڪير بادشاهه نه هو؟ اِرگِگي بادشاهه هو؛ نانُم، بادشاهه؛ اِمي، بادشاهه؛ اِلولو، بادشاهه — اهي چارئي بادشاهه هئا پر رڳو ٽي سال حڪومت ڪيائون۔ دودو 21 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ شو-تورول، دودو جو پٽ، 15 سال حڪومت ڪئي۔ ... اگادي شڪست کاڌي ۽ ان جي بادشاهي اروڪ ڏانهن کڻي وڃي وئي۔ اروڪ ۾ [[اور-ننگن|اور-ننگن]] 7 سال حڪومت ڪئي، اور-گگير، اور-ننگن جو پٽ، 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ڪودا 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ پُزر-اِلي 5 سال حڪومت ڪئي، اور-اُتو 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي۔ اروڪ تي هٿيارن سان حملو ٿيو ۽ ان جي بادشاهي گوتين جي لشڪر کڻي ويا۔}} تنهن هوندي به، اڪد يا اروڪ جي انهن پوءِ وارن بادشاهن بابت، اڪد جي بادشاهه [[دودو (اڪد)|دودو]] ۽ [[شو-تورول]] سان لاڳاپيل ڪجهه نوادرات کان سواءِ، ڪو به معلوم سال-نالو يا ٻيو آثار قديمه وارو ثبوت موجود ناهي۔<ref>{{cite web |title=CDLI-Found Texts |url=https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/search_results.php?SearchMode=Text&requestFrom=Search&DatesReferenced=dudu |website=cdli.ucla.edu}}</ref> اروڪ جا نالي وارا بادشاهه شايد اڪد جي آخري بادشاهن جا همعصر هئا، پر ڪنهن به صورت ۾ گهڻو نمايان نه ٿي سگهيا هوندا۔ {{Blockquote|گوتين جي لشڪر ۾ (پهريون حڪمران) هڪ بي نالو بادشاهه هو؛ (پوءِ) اِمتا 3 سال بادشاهه رهيو؛ شُلمي 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ايلولوميش 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِنمباڪيش 5 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِگيشواش 6 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِيارلاگب 15 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِباتي 3 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ... 3 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ڪوروم 1 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ... 3 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ... 2 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِياراروم 2 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِبرانم 1 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ هبلُم 2 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ پُزر-سين، هبلُم جو پٽ، 7 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ اِيارلاگاندا 7 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ... 7 سال حڪومت ڪئي؛ ... 40 ڏينهن حڪومت ڪئي۔ ڪل 21 بادشاهن 91 سال، 40 ڏينهن حڪومت ڪئي۔}} [[File:Akkadian - Cylinder Seal with King or God and Vanquished Lion - Walters 42674 - Side D.jpg|upright|thumb|"بادشاهه يا ديوتا ۽ شڪست کاڌل شينهن سان سلنڊر مهر" (پراڻي اڪدي دور)۔<ref>{{cite web |publisher= [[The Walters Art Museum]] |url= http://art.thewalters.org/detail/4594 |title= Cylinder Seal with King or God and Vanquished Lion}}</ref> والٽرز آرٽ عجائب گهر۔]] تقريباً 2112 ق م کان 2004 ق م تائين وارو دور يور III دور جي نالي سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو۔ دستاويز ٻيهر [[سميري ٻولي]] ۾ لکجڻ لڳا، جيتوڻيڪ سميري هاڻي هڪ خالص ادبي يا مذهبي ٻولي بڻجي رهي هئي، بلڪل ائين جيئن پوءِ [[وچئين دور]] واري [[يورپ]] ۾ لاطيني ٿي وئي هئي۔<ref name="Roux">[[Georges Roux]] (1996), ''Ancient Iraq'' (3rd Edition)(Penguin Harmondsworth)</ref> اڪدي سلطنت جي خاتمي جي هڪ وضاحت سادي هي آهي ته اڪدي خاندان ٻين آزاد ۽ طاقتور شهري رياستن تي پنهنجي سياسي بالادستي برقرار رکي نه سگهيو۔<ref name=Zettler24 /><ref>Norman Yoffee, "The Collapse of Ancient Mesopotamian States and Civilization", in The Collapse of Ancient States and Civilizations, ed. Norman Yoffee and George L. Cowgill, University of Arizona Press, 1991</ref> ====فطري سبب: ڏڪار ۽ موسمي نمونا==== {{Main|4.2-kiloyear event}} هڪ نظريو، جيڪو اڃا تائين اختلاف جوڳو آهي، علائقي جي زوال کي اڪدي دور جي پڇاڙيءَ (۽ [[قديم مصر]] ۾ [[پراڻي بادشاهي]] کان پوءِ واري [[پهريون وچ وارو دور]] جي خاتمي) سان ڳنڍي ٿو، ۽ ان جو سبب قديم ويجهي اوڀر واري علائقي ۾ تيزيءَ سان وڌندڙ خشڪي ۽ وسڪاري جي ناڪاميءَ کي قرار ڏئي ٿو، جيڪا صدي پيماني جي هڪ عالمي [[ڏڪار]] سبب ٿي، جنهن کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن [[4.2-هزار ساله واقعو]] به چيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal | author = Richard A. Kerr | year = 1998 | title = Sea-Floor Dust Shows Drought Felled Akkadian Empire | journal = Science | volume = 279 | issue = 5349 | pages = 325–326 | doi = 10.1126/science.279.5349.325 |bibcode = 1998Sci...279..325K | s2cid = 140563513 }}</ref><ref name="Weiss1993">{{cite journal | last1 = Weiss | first1 = H | year = 1993 | title = The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization | journal = Science | volume = 261 | issue = 5124 | pages = 995–1004 | doi = 10.1126/science.261.5124.995 | pmid = 17739617 | bibcode = 1993Sci...261..995W | s2cid = 31745857 |display-authors=etal | url = http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ILUR/article/view/61022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wiener |first1=Malcolm H. |date=2014 |title=The Interaction of Climate Change and Agency in the Collapse of Civilizations ca. 2300–2000 BC |journal=Radiocarbon |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=S1–S16 |doi=10.2458/azu_rc.56.18325 |bibcode=2014Radcb..56S...1W |citeseerx=10.1.1.692.2170 |s2cid=128775473 }}</ref> [[هاروي وائس]] اهو ڏيکاريو آهي ته {{blockquote|[A]رڪيالوجي ۽ مٽيءَ جي طبقن بابت ڊيٽا سبير جي شروعات، واڌ ۽ زوال جي سڃاڻپ ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ٽئين هزار سال ق م ۾ اتر ميسوپوٽيميا جي برسات تي ڀاڙيندڙ زرعي تهذيب هئي ۽ شام جي حابور ميداني علائقي ۾ واقع هئي۔ 2200 ق م ۾، آتش فشاني ڌماڪي کان پوءِ، خشڪي ۽ هوائن جي گردش ۾ نمايان واڌ ٿي، جنهن زمين جي استعمال جي حالتن کي سخت خراب ڪري ڇڏيو۔ چار صدين جي شهري زندگيءَ کان پوءِ، هي اوچتو موسمي تبديلي ظاهري طور تل ليلاڻ جي ڇڏجڻ، علائقائي ويرانگي، ۽ ڏکڻ ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ قائم اڪدي سلطنت جي زوال جو سبب بڻي۔ پاڙيسري علائقن ۾ هم وقت زوال اهو ظاهر ڪري ٿو ته هن اوچتي موسمي تبديلي جو اثر تمام وسيع هو۔<ref name="Weiss1993" />}} پيٽر بي. ڊي مينوكل ڏيکاريو آهي ته "هن وقت [[اتر ائٽلانٽڪ اوسليشن]] جو دجله ۽ فرات جي وهڪري تي اثر پيو، جنهن اڪدي سلطنت جي زوال جو سبب بڻيو"۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=de Menocal |first=P.B. |title=North Atlantic influence on Tigris–Euphrates streamflow |journal=International Journal of Climatology |volume=20 |issue=8 |pages=853–863 |date=30 June 2000|doi=10.1002/1097-0088(20000630)20:8<853::AID-JOC497>3.0.CO;2-M |bibcode=2000IJCli..20..853C }}</ref> [[HadCM3]] موسمي ماڊل جي مشاهدن تي ٻڌل وڌيڪ تازي تجزيي مان به اهو ظاهر ٿيو آهي ته خشڪ تر موسم ڏانهن هڪ تبديلي آئي، جنهن جو وقت سلطنت جي زوال سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿو۔<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cookson |first1=Evangeline |last2=Hill |first2=Daniel J. |last3=Lawrence |first3=Dan |date=2019-06-01 |title=Impacts of long term climate change during the collapse of the Akkadian Empire |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305440318306198 |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |language=en |volume=106 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2019.03.009 |bibcode=2019JArSc.106....1C |s2cid=133772098 |issn=0305-4403|archive-url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/145596/ |archive-date=2 May 2019}}</ref> [[File: Impression of an Akkadian cylinder seal with inscription The Divine Sharkalisharri Prince of Akkad Ibni-Sharrum the Scribe his servant.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|اڪدي بادشاهه [[شارڪليشري]] (تقريباً 2200 ق م) جي دور جي هڪ سلنڊر مهر جو نقش، جنهن جي وچ ۾ لکت آهي: "الاهي شارڪليشري، اڪد جو شهزادو، اِبني-شروم، ڪاتب، سندس خادم"۔ [[هندي ڀينسو|ڊگهي سڱن وارو ڀينسو]] غالباً [[سنڌو ماٿري]] مان آيل هو، ۽ [[ميلوحا]] (يعني [[سنڌو ماٿري جي تهذيب]]) سان لاڳاپن جي شاهدي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو [[سنڌو-ميسوپوٽيميا لاڳاپا]] جي هڪ مثال آهي۔ تقريباً 2217–2193 ق م۔ [[لوور عجائب گهر]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cylinder-seal-ibni-sharrum |website=Louvre Museum}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Site officiel du musée du Louvre |url=http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not_frame&idNotice=12067 |website=cartelfr.louvre.fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Brian A. |last2=Feldman |first2=Marian H. |title=Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art |date=2013 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9781614510352 |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4DoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA187 |language=en}}</ref>]] [[تل ليلاڻ]] جي کوٽائي مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو ته شهر جون وڏيون ڀتيون ٺهڻ، مندر جي ٻيهر تعمير، ۽ اناج جي پيداوار جي نئين تنظيم کان ٿوري ئي پوءِ هي ماڳ ڇڏي ڏنو ويو۔ ان کان پوءِ جي مٽي، ڌوڙ ۽ واري ۾ انساني سرگرميءَ جو ڪو نشان نٿو ملي۔ مٽيءَ جي نمونن ۾ هوائن سان آيل بارڪ واري، ڪيڙن جي سرگرميءَ جو نه هجڻ، گهٽ وسڪارو، ۽ وڌيڪ خشڪ ۽ هوادار موسم جا اشارا مليا آهن۔ شاهدي مان معلوم ٿئي ٿو ته ڏڪار سبب انتهائي ڪمزور ٿيل رڍون ۽ ڍڳا مري ويا، ۽ لڳ ڀڳ 28,000 ماڻهو ماڳ ڇڏي ويا، غالباً ٻين وڌيڪ نم علائقن ڏانهن۔ تل براڪ جو قد ننڍو ٿي ويو۔ واپار ختم ٿي ويو۔ [[خانہ بدوش]] ڌڻ چاريندڙ، جهڙوڪ [[اموري]]، پنهنجا ڌڻ پاڻيءَ جي وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد ذريعن جي ويجهو آندا، جنهن ڪري سندن اڪدي آباديءَ سان تڪرار پيدا ٿيو۔ لڳي ٿو ته موسم سبب آيل هن زوال سڄي وچ اوڀر کي متاثر ڪيو، ۽ مصر جي پراڻي بادشاهي جي زوال سان به هم وقت هو۔<ref name="Weiss1993"/> مٿئين ملڪ ۾ برسات تي ڀاڙيندڙ زراعت جي هن زوال جو مطلب اهو ٿيو ته ڏکڻ ميسوپوٽيميا اڪدي سلطنت کي ملندڙ زرعي مدد کان محروم ٿي وئي، جيڪا ان جي مالي پائيداريءَ لاءِ ضروري هئي۔ دجله ۽ فرات ۾ پاڻيءَ جي سطح 2600 ق م جي سطح کان 1.5 ميٽر هيٺ هلي وئي، ۽ جيتوڻيڪ يور III دور ۾ ڪجهه وقت لاءِ اها سنڀالي وئي، پر ڌڻ چاريندڙن ۽ آبادگارن وچ ۾ رقابت وڌي وئي۔ اڳوڻن کي زرعي زمينن ۾ پنهنجي ڌڻ چرائڻ کان روڪڻ لاءِ ڪوششون ڪيون ويون، جهڙوڪ يور III جي حڪمران [[شو-سين]] جي دور ۾ دجله ۽ فرات جي وچ ۾ 180 ڪلوميٽر ڊگهي ڀت تعمير ڪرڻ، جنهن کي "امورين کي ڌڪي واپس ڪندڙ" سڏيو ويو۔ اهڙين ڪوششن سياسي بيچينيءَ ۾ واڌ ڪئي؛ ساڳئي وقت، گهٽ سازگار موسمي حالتن سان [[آبادي]] جي توازن کي بحال ڪرڻ لاءِ سخت معاشي زوال به آيو۔<ref>Christie, Peter (2008) ''The Curse of Akkad: Climate upheavals that rocked human history'', Annick Press, pp. 31–48</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = deMenocal | first1 = Peter B. | year = 2001 | title = Cultural responses to climate change during the late Holocene | url = https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/site/Papers_files/deMenocal.2001.pdf | journal = Science | volume = 292 | issue = 5517| pages = 667–673 | doi = 10.1126/science.1059827 | pmid = 11303088 | bibcode = 2001Sci...292..667D | s2cid = 18642937 }}</ref><ref>"[https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/site/Papers_files/Cullen.et.al.2000.pdf Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea]" ''Geology'' 28(4), April 2000.</ref> [[رچرڊ ايل. زيٽلر]] ڏڪار واري نظريي تي تنقيد ڪندي چيو آهي ته اڪدي سلطنت جي تاريخ بندي تمام غير يقيني آهي، ۽ موجود شاهدي ايتري ڪافي نه آهي جو اها ڏيکاري سگهي ته ان جي معيشت وائس ۽ ٻين جي کوٽايل اترين علائقن تي منحصر هئي۔ هو وائس تي اها تنقيد به ڪري ٿو ته هن ڪجهه تباهڪار واقعن جي وضاحت ۾ اڪدي لکتن کي لفظي معنيٰ ۾ ورتو۔<ref>Zettler (2003), pp. 18–21.</ref> [[جوئن اوٽس]] جي مطابق، تل براڪ ۾ ڏڪار سان لاڳاپيل مٽيءَ جو "اشارو" نارام-سين جي محل جي سطح کان هيٺ آهي۔ تنهن هوندي به، شاهدي شايد اهو ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته براڪ واري "واقعي" کان پوءِ اڪدي ڪنٽرول وڌيڪ سخت ٿيو، مثال طور، پاڻ ان مضبوط قلعابند "محل" جي تعمير ۽ مقامي عملدارن جي ڀيٽ ۾ وڌيڪ اڪدي عملدارن جي موجودگي، جيڪا شايد ديهاتي علائقي ۾ بيچينيءَ جي علامت هجي، جيئن اهڙي قدرتي آفت کان پوءِ اڪثر ٿيندو آهي۔ ان کان سواءِ، اڪدين جي زوال کان پوءِ به براڪ آباد ۽ فعال رهيو۔<ref>J. Oates (2004), p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EnQ8W6AmCq0C&pg=PA11 11]–13. "A French soil-micromorphologist, Marie-Agnès Courty, a leading figure in assessing the evidence for this 'event', has now identified at Brak the earliest clearly dated Near Eastern soil 'signal' in a level unquestionably preceding the construction of Naram-Sin's Palace, that is, well before the collapse of the Akkadian Empire (see Courty 2001 and associated bibliography)."</ref> 2019ع ۾ [[هوڪائيدو يونيورسٽي]] جي عمان ۾ فاسل مرجانن بابت هڪ مطالعي مان اها شاهدي ملي ته ڊگهي ٿيندڙ سياري جي [[شمال|شمالي]] موسمن، يعني [[شمال (هوائون)|شمال]]، آبپاشي وارن کيتن جي [[مٽيءَ جي کاراپڻ|کاراپڻ]] جو سبب بڻيا؛ نتيجي طور، فصلن جي پيداوار ۾ ڊرامائي گهٽتائي آئي، جنهن وڏي پيماني تي قحط پيدا ڪيو ۽ آخرڪار قديم اڪدي سلطنت جو زوال آندو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Watanabe |first1=Takaaki K. |last2=Watanabe |first2=Tsuyoshi |last3=Yamazaki |first3=Atsuko |last4=Pfeiffer |first4=Miriam |title=Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse |journal=Geology |volume=47 |issue=12 |pages=1141–1145 |publisher=GeoScienceWorld |year=2019 |doi=10.1130/G46604.1 |bibcode=2019Geo....47.1141W|s2cid=204781389 |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-pdf/47/12/1141/4870170/1141.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.global.hokudai.ac.jp/blog/strong-winter-dust-storms-may-have-caused-the-collapse-of-the-akkadian-empire/ |title=Strong winter dust storms may have caused the collapse of the Akkadian Empire |website=Hokkaido University |date=24 October 2019}}</ref> ==حڪومت== [[File:Akkadian Empire soldiers on the victory stele of Naram-Sin circa 2250 BC.jpg|thumb|اڪدي سلطنت جا سپاهي [[نارام-سين جي فتحي اسٽيل]] تي، تقريباً 2250 ق م]]{{main|ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ ادارن جي تاريخ}} اڪدي حڪومت هڪ اهڙو "روايتي معياري نمونو" قائم ڪيو، جنهن سان پوءِ ايندڙ سڀني ميسوپوٽيميا جي رياستن پاڻ کي ڀيٽيو۔ روايتي طور، ''انسي'' سومري [[شهري رياست]]ن جو سڀ کان اعليٰ عملدار هوندو هو۔ پوءِ وارين روايتن ۾، ڪو ماڻهو ديوي اِنانا سان شادي ڪري ''انسي'' بڻبو هو، ۽ اهڙيءَ طرح الوهي رضا منديءَ وسيلي حڪمراني کي جائزيت ملندي هئي۔ شروعات ۾، شاهي ''لوگال'' (''lu'' = ماڻهو، ''gal'' = وڏو) پجارڻ واري ''انسي'' جي ماتحت هوندو هو، ۽ مشڪل وقتن ۾ مقرر ڪيو ويندو هو، پر پوءِ وارن خانداني دورن ۾ ''لوگال'' ئي سڀ کان مٿانهون ڪردار بڻجي اڀريو، جنهن وٽ پنهنجو ''"é"'' (= گهر) يا "محل" هوندو هو، جيڪو مندر جي اداري کان آزاد هوندو هو۔ [[ميسالم]] جي زماني تائين، جيڪا به گهراڻو ڪش شهر تي قبضو رکندو هو، تنهن کي ''šar kiššati'' (= ڪش جو بادشاهه) تسليم ڪيو ويندو هو، ۽ اهو سومر ۾ برتر سمجهيو ويندو هو، شايد ان ڪري جو اتي ٻئي درياهه هڪ ٻئي جي ويجهو ٿيندا هئا، ۽ جيڪو ڪش تي حڪومت ڪندو هو سو هيٺاهين طرف ٻين شهرن جي آبپاشي نظامن تي به ڪنٽرول رکندو هو۔ جڏهن سرگون پنهنجي فتوحات کي "هيٺين سمنڊ" ([[فارسي نار]]) کان "مٿئين سمنڊ" ([[بحر روم]]) تائين وڌايو، تڏهن اهو سمجهيو ويو ته هو "آسمان هيٺ سڀني زمينن جي مڪمل مجموعي" تي حڪمران آهي، يا جيئن همعصر متن چون ٿا، "سج اڀرڻ کان وٺي سج لهڻ تائين"۔ سرگون جي دور ۾ ''انسي'' پنهنجا عهدا گهڻو ڪري برقرار رکندا هئا، پر کين وڌيڪ علائقائي گورنرن طور ڏٺو ويندو هو۔ لقب ''šar kiššati'' کي "ڪائنات جو مالڪ" جي معنيٰ ۾ به سمجهيو وڃڻ لڳو۔ سرگون بابت اهو به درج آهي ته هن [[دلمن]] ([[بحرين]]) ۽ ماگان ڏانهن بحري مهمون منظم ڪيون، جيڪي تاريخ جي پهرين منظم فوجي بحري مهمن مان شمار ٿين ٿيون۔ ڇا هن بعد وارن دستاويزن ۾ ڪيل دعويٰ مطابق [[ڪپتارا]] (شايد [[قبرص]]) واري بادشاهي تائين، جيڪا بحر روم سان لاڳاپيل هئي، به اهڙي مهم ڪئي، اهو وڌيڪ مشڪوڪ آهي۔ نارام-سين، جيڪو سرگون جو پوٽو هو، هن عمل کي سرگون کان به اڳتي وڌايو، جتي بادشاهه کي نه رڳو "چارئي پاسن (زمين) جو مالڪ" سڏيو ويو، پر کيس ''dingir'' (= ديوتائن) جي درجي تائين به بلند ڪيو ويو، ۽ سندس پنهنجو مندر به قائم ٿيو۔ ان کان اڳ ڪو حڪمران، جيئن [[گلگامش]]، مرڻ کان پوءِ الوهي درجو حاصل ڪري سگهندو هو، پر اڪدي بادشاهه، نارام-سين کان شروع ٿي، پنهنجي حياتيءَ ۾ ئي زمين تي ديوتا سمجهيا ويا۔ سندن تصويرن ۾ کين عام انسانن کان گهڻو وڏو ڏيکاريو ويندو هو ۽ پنهنجن خادمن کان فاصلي تي رکيو ويندو هو۔<ref>Leick, Gwendolyn (2001) "Mesopotamia: Invention of the City" (Penguin Books)</ref> ملڪ تي قبضي کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ، سرگون ۽ نارام-سين ٻنهي هڪ حڪمت عملي اختيار ڪئي، جنهن مطابق هنن پنهنجين ڌيئرن، بالترتيب اينهدوانا ۽ ايمينانا، کي سومر جي انتهائي ڏاکڻي شهر يور ۾، سومري چنڊ ديوتا ننا جي اڪدي صورت سين جي اعليٰ پجارڻ مقرر ڪيو؛ پنهنجن پٽن کي اهم هنڌن تي علائقائي ''انسي'' گورنر بڻايو؛ ۽ پنهنجين ڌيئرن کي سلطنت جي ڪناري وارن حصن جي حڪمرانن سان شادي ڪرائي ([[اورڪيش]] ۽ مرهاشي)۔ ان جو هڪ چڱيءَ طرح دستاويز ٿيل مثال نارام-سين جي ڌيءَ تارام-اگاڊي جو اورڪيش ۾ آهي۔<ref>[http://128.97.6.202/attach/Buccellati%202002%20Taram%20Agade%20Daughter%20of%20Naram%20Sin.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010104858/http://128.97.6.202/attach/Buccellati|date=10 October 2017}} Tar'am-Agade, Daughter of Naram-Sin, at Urkesh, Buccellati, Giorgio and Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati, in of Pots and Plans. Papers on the Archaeology and History of Mesopotamia and Syria presented to David Oates in Honour of his 75th Birthday, London: Nabu Publications, 2002</ref> براڪ جي انتظامي مرڪز مان ملندڙ رڪارڊن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو ته اڪدين مقامي ماڻهن کي [[محصول وصول ڪندڙ]] طور مقرر ڪيو هو۔<ref>J. Oates (2004), p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EnQ8W6AmCq0C&pg=PA10 10].</ref> ==معيشت== [[File:Cylinder seal of the scribe Kalki (photograph).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|ڪاتب ڪَلڪي جي سلنڊر مهر، جنهن ۾ شهزادو اُبِل-اشتر، جيڪو غالباً سرگون جو ڀاءُ هو، معززن ماڻهن سان گڏ ڏيکاريل آهي (سامهون هڪ تيرانداز، شهزادي جي پٺيان تختي جهليل ڪاتب، ۽ هٿيارن سان ٻه معزز شخصيتون)۔<ref name="LN93-94">{{cite journal |last1=Nigro |first1=Lorenzo |title=The Two Steles of Sargon: Iconology and Visual Propaganda at the Beginning of Royal Akkadian Relief |journal=Iraq |volume=60 |date=1998 |publisher=British Institute for the Study of Iraq |pages=93–94 |doi=10.2307/4200454 |jstor=4200454 |hdl=11573/109737 |s2cid=193050892 }}</ref>]] اڪد جي آبادي، لڳ ڀڳ سڀني جديد-کان-اڳ وارين رياستن وانگر، مڪمل طور علائقي جي زرعي نظامن تي ڀاڙيندي هئي، جيڪي بظاهر ٻن بنيادي مرڪزن تي ٻڌل هئا: ڏکڻ عراق جون آبپاشيءَ واريون زرعي زمينون، جتي روايتي طور پوکيل هر هڪ داڻي عيوض 30 داڻن جي پيداوار ٿيندي هئي، ۽ اتر عراق جي برسات تي ڀاڙيندڙ زراعت، جيڪا "مٿيون ملڪ" جي نالي سان سڃاتي ويندي هئي۔ اڪدي دور ۾ ڏکڻ عراق بظاهر پنهنجي موجوده وسڪاري واري سطح جي ويجهو پهچي چڪو هو، جيڪا هر سال {{convert|20|mm|1|abbr=on}} کان به گهٽ هئي، جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ زراعت مڪمل طور آبپاشيءَ تي ڀاڙيندڙ هئي۔ اڪدي دور کان اڳ، خراب نيڪال واري آبپاشي سبب زمينن جي وڌندڙ [[مٽيءَ جي کاراپڻ|کاراپڻ]] ڏکڻ حصي ۾ [[ڪڻڪ]] جي پيداوار گهٽائي رهي هئي، جنهن ڪري وڌيڪ لوڻ برداشت ڪندڙ [[جَوَ]] جي پوک ڏانهن رخ ڪيو ويو۔ هتان جي شهري آبادي 2600 ق م تائين اڳ ئي پنهنجي چوٽيءَ تي پهچي چڪي هئي، ۽ [[آبادي]]ءَ جو دٻاءُ تمام گهڻو هو، جيڪو اڪدي دور کان بلڪل اڳ ظاهر ٿيندڙ فوجيت جي عروج ۾ حصيدار ٿيو (جيئن [[اياناتم]] جي [[گدهن جي اسٽيل]] ۾ ڏسي سگهجي ٿو)۔ [[قديم سومر ۾ جنگ|شهري رياستن جي وچ ۾ جنگ]] سبب آباديءَ ۾ گهٽتائي ٿي هئي، جنهن مان اڪد عارضي نجات فراهم ڪئي۔<ref>Thompson, William J. (2003), "Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Serial Mesopotamian Fragmentation," ''Journal of World Systems Research''</ref> ڏکڻ ۾ زرعي پيداوار جي انهيءَ بلند سطح ئي ان وقت دنيا جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ آباديءَ جي گهڻائيءَ جي واڌ کي ممڪن بڻايو، جنهن اڪد کي فوجي برتري ڏني۔ [[File:Murex Rimush Louvre AO21404.jpg|thumb|left|[[مرڪس]] جي سامونڊي خول تي [[ريمش]]، ڪش جي بادشاهه، جو نالو، {{circa|lk=no|2270}} ق م، [[لوور عجائب گهر|لوور]]، جيڪو بحر روم جي سامونڊي ڪناري کان واپار وسيلي آندو ويو، جتي ان کي [[ڪنعان|ڪنعاڻين]] پاران واڱڻائي رنگ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو۔]] هن علائقي ۾ [[زيرِزمين پاڻي جي سطح|پاڻيءَ جي زيرزميني سطح]] تمام مٿي هئي ۽ اها باقاعدي ڀرجي ويندي هئي—آڪٽوبر کان مارچ تائين دجله ۽ فرات جي مٿانهن علائقن ۾ سياري جي طوفانن وسيلي، ۽ مارچ کان جولاءِ تائين برف ڳرڻ وسيلي۔ ٻوڏ جون سطحون، جيڪي تقريباً 3000 کان 2600 ق م تائين مستحڪم رهيون هيون، پوءِ گهٽجڻ شروع ٿيون، ۽ اڪدي دور تائين اڳوڻي رڪارڊ جي ڀيٽ ۾ اڌ ميٽر کان هڪ ميٽر هيٺ اچي ويون۔ تنهن هوندي به، زمين جي همواري ۽ موسمي غير يقينيءَ سبب ٻوڏون نيل جي ڀيٽ ۾ گهڻيون غير متوقع هيون؛ لڳي ٿو ته سخت ٻوڏون باقاعده واقعو هيون، جنهن ڪري آبپاشيءَ جي کاهين ۽ نيڪال جي نالن جي مسلسل سنڀال جي ضرورت پوندي هئي۔ هارين کي آگسٽ کان آڪٽوبر تائين، جيڪا خوراڪ جي کوٽ جو وقت هوندو هو، شهر جي مندرن جي عملدارن جي قبضي هيٺ هن ڪم لاءِ جٿن ۾ ڀرتي ڪيو ويندو هو، ۽ اهڙيءَ طرح اهو هڪ قسم جي بي روزگاري رليف طور به ڪم ڪندو هو۔ [[گوينڊولن ليڪ]]<ref>Leick Gwendolyn (2003), "Mesopotamia: The invention of the city" (Penguin)</ref> تجويز ڪيو آهي ته شايد اهو ئي سرگون جو ڪش جي بادشاهه وٽ اصل روزگار هو، جنهن کيس ماڻهن جي وڏن گروهن کي مؤثر نموني منظم ڪرڻ جو تجربو ڏنو؛ هڪ تختيءَ تي لکيل آهي، "سرگون، اهو بادشاهه، جنهن لاءِ اينليل ڪنهن به حريف کي برداشت نه ڪيو—5,400 سپاهي روزانو سندس اڳيان ماني کائيندا هئا"۔<ref>Kramer 1963:324, quoted in Charles Keith Maisels, ''The Emergence of Civilization'' ch. "The institutions of urbanism", 1990:179.</ref> لُڻ پوئين بهار ۾ ٿيندي هئي ۽ سُڪي اونهاري جي مهينن ۾۔ اتر اولھه کان ايندڙ [[خانہ بدوش]] [[اموري]] پنهنجن رڍن ۽ ٻڪرين جي ڌڻن کي ڪٽيل فصلن جي بچيل ٽُڪرن تي چرائڻ لاءِ آڻيندا هئا ۽ کين درياهه ۽ آبپاشيءَ جي نالن مان پاڻي پياريو ويندو هو۔ هن سهولت جي بدلي کين [[اون]]، [[گوشت]]، [[کير]] ۽ [[پنير]] جي صورت ۾ مندرن کي محصول ڏيڻو پوندو هو، جيڪي اهي شيون پوءِ عملدارن ۽ پجارين ۾ ورهائيندا هئا۔ سٺن سالن ۾ سڀ ڪجهہ ٺيڪ هلندو هو، پر خراب سالن ۾ سياري جا قدرتي چراگاهه گهٽجي ويندا هئا، خانه بدوش پنهنجا ڌڻ اناج وارن کيتن ۾ چرائڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندا هئا، جنهن جي نتيجي ۾ هارين سان جهيڙا ٿيندا هئا۔ ظاهر ٿو ٿئي ته سلطنت جي اترين حصي مان ڪڻڪ گهرائي ڏکڻ جي آباديءَ کي سهارو ڏيڻ سان هن مسئلي تي عارضي طور ضابطو آيو،<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bourke|first1=Stephen|title=The Middle East: the cradle of civilization revealed|date=2008|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=9780500251478|page=89}}</ref> ۽ لڳي ٿو ته انهيءَ سان هن علائقي اندر معاشي بحالي ۽ وڌندڙ آبادي ممڪن ٿي۔ ===پرڏيهي واپار=== [[File:Moyen_Orient_3mil_aC.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|ميسوپوٽيميا وارن لاءِ پرڏيهي علائقن جا هنڌ، جن ۾ [[ايلام]]، [[ماگان]]، [[دلمن]]، [[مرهاشي]] ۽ [[ميلوحا]] شامل آهن۔]] {{See also|سنڌو-ميسوپوٽيميا لاڳاپا}} پنهنجين معاشي ۽ زرعي پاليسين جي نتيجي ۾، سومر ۽ اڪد وٽ زرعي شين جو اضافو موجود هو، پر لڳ ڀڳ هر ٻي شيءِ، خاص طور ڌاتي معدنيات، ڪاٺ ۽ تعميري پٿر، جي کوٽ هئي، ۽ اهي سڀ شيون درآمد ڪرڻيون پونديون هيون۔ اڪدي رياست جو "چانديءَ جي جبل" (شايد [[طورس جبل]])، لبنان جي "ديدارن"، ۽ ماگان جي ٽامي جي ذخيرن تائين پکڙجڻ، وڏي حد تائين انهن درآمدن تي ڪنٽرول حاصل ڪرڻ جي مقصد سان ٿيو۔ هڪ تختي، جيڪا هڪ اصل لکت جي پراڻي بابلي دور واري نقل آهي، چوي ٿي: {{Blockquote|"سرگون، ڪش جو بادشاهه، سمنڊ جي ڪناري تائين چونٽيهه جنگين ۾ (شهرن تي) غالب آيو ۽ انهن جون ڀتيون ڊاهي ڇڏيائين۔ هن [[ميلوحا]] جا جهاز، [[ماگان]] جا جهاز ۽ [[دلمن]] جا جهاز اگادي جي گهاٽ سان ٻڌرائي بيهاريا۔ سرگون بادشاهه (ديوتا) داگان جي اڳيان جهڪي پيو ۽ هن کان دعا گهري؛ ۽ هن (داگان) کيس مٿيون ملڪ عطا ڪيو، يعني ماري، يارمُتي ۽ ايبلا، ديدارن جي ٻيلي تائين ۽ چانديءَ جي جبل تائين۔"|[[سرگون اڪد]] جي لکت (تقريباً 2270–2215 ق م)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Himanshu Prabha |title=The Archaeology of Seafaring in Ancient South Asia |date=2003 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521011099 |page=85 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHHzP4uVpn4C&pg=PA85 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Indus Civilization and Dilmun, the Sumerian Paradise Land |url=https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-indus-civilization-and-dilmun-the-sumerian-paradise-land/ |website=www.penn.museum}}</ref><ref name="JR14">{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Stephen K. |title=The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes] |date=2017 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781440835513 |page=38 |language=en}}</ref>}} اڪدي دور ۾ بين الاقوامي واپار ترقي ڪئي۔ [[سنڌو-ميسوپوٽيميا لاڳاپا]] به بظاهر وڌيا: [[سرگون اڪد]] (تقريباً 2300 يا 2250 ق م) پهريون ميسوپوٽيمي حڪمران هو، جنهن [[ميلوحا]] واري علائقي جو صاف لفظن ۾ ذڪر ڪيو، جنهن کي عام طور [[بلوچستان]] يا [[سنڌو]] واري علائقي طور سمجهيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref name="JR14"/> ==ثقافت== ===اڪدي فن=== {{multiple image | total_width = 450 | perrow = 2 | caption_align = center | align = right | direction = horizontal | header = نصيريه جي نارام-سين فتحي اسٽيل | image1 = Nasiriyah_Victory_Stele_of_Naram-Sin._From_Mesopotamia,_Iraq,_c._2300_BCE._Iraq_Museum.jpg | image2 = Nasiriyah Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, from Mesopotamia, Iraq, c. 2300 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg | footer = [[نارام-سين]] جي نصيريه اسٽيل تي تلوار کڻندڙ سپاهي ۽ اگهاڙا قيدي۔<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McKeon |first1=John F. X. |title=An Akkadian Victory Stele |journal=Boston Museum Bulletin |date=1970 |volume=68 |issue=354 |page=239 |issn=0006-7997 |jstor=4171539}}</ref> }} فن ۾ گهڻو زور هن گهراڻي جي بادشاهن تي ڏنو ويو، جڏهن ته گهڻو ڪجهه اڳئين سومري فن مان به جاري رهيو۔ ٿوري ئي تعميراتي باقيات بچي آهي۔ وڏن ڪمن ۽ ننڍين شين جهڙوڪ مهرن ۾ حقيقت نگاري جو درجو نمايان طور وڌيو،<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frankfort |first1=Henri |author-link=Henri Frankfort |title=The art and architecture of the ancient Orient |date=1970 |publisher=Penguin Books (now Yale History of Art)|isbn=0-14-056107-2 |pages=83–91 |edition=4th rev. impression with additional bibliography |url=}}</ref> پر مهرن ۾ "ظالماڻي ٽڪراءَ، خطري ۽ غير يقينيءَ واري هڪ سخت دنيا" ڏيکاريل آهي، "اها دنيا جنهن ۾ انسان ڏورانهن ۽ هيبتناڪ ديوتائن جي اڻ ڄاتل عملن جي آڏو بي وسيءَ سان جهڪيل آهي، جن جي هو خدمت ته ڪري ٿو پر محبت نٿو ڪري سگهي۔ هي اداس مزاج ... ميسوپوٽيمي فن جي هڪ نمايان خصوصيت بڻيل رهيو..."{{sfn|Frankfort|1970|p=71}} اڪدي سنگتراشي پنهنجي نفاست ۽ حقيقت نگاريءَ سبب نمايان آهي، جيڪا اڳئين [[سومري فن]] جي ڀيٽ ۾ صاف واڌارو ڏيکاري ٿي۔<ref>{{cite book |title=Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus |date=2003 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-043-1 |pages=204–205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8l9X_3rHFdEC&pg=PA204 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=McKeon |first1=John F. X. |title=An Akkadian Victory Stele |journal=Boston Museum Bulletin |date=1970 |volume=68 |issue=354 |pages=226–243 |jstor=4171539 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery widths="200" heights="200" perrow="4"> File:Bassetki Statue, Akkadian period, 23rd century BCE, from Bassetki, Iraq. Iraq Museum.jpg|[[باسيٽڪي مجسمو]]، اڪدي فن جي حقيقت نگاريءَ جو هڪ ٻيو مثال File:Statue de Manishtusu - Sb 47 - Antiquités orientales du Louvre.jpg|[[منيشتوشو]] جو مجسمو File:Statue of an Akkadian ruler of Assur city. From Assur, Iraq, c. 2300 BCE. Pergamon Museum.jpg|هڪ اڪدي حڪمران جو مجسمو۔ اشور، عراق مان، تقريباً 2300 ق م۔ پرگامون عجائب گهر۔ File:Fragment of the statue of a devotee, with inscription in the name of Naram-Sin.jpg|هڪ عقيدتمند جي مجسمي جو ٽڪرو، نارام-سين جي نالي سان لکت سميت: "ديوتا اِرّا جي لاءِ، نارام-سين جي حياتيءَ لاءِ، طاقتور، سندس ساٿي، چار علائقن جو بادشاهه، شو-استڪّال، ڪاتب، وڏي عملدار، پنهنجو مجسمو وقف ڪيو آهي"۔<ref>{{cite web |title=Site officiel du musée du Louvre |url=http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not&idNotice=12209 |website=cartelfr.louvre.fr}}</ref> </gallery> ====مهرون==== اڪدين بصري فنون کي نظريي جي اظهار جو ذريعو بڻايو۔ هنن سلنڊر مهرن لاءِ هڪ نئون انداز پيدا ڪيو، جنهن ۾ روايتي جانورن واري سينگار کي ٻيهر استعمال ڪيو ويو، پر ان کي لکتن جي چوڌاري منظم ڪيو ويو، جيڪي اڪثر ترتيب جو مرڪزي حصو بڻجي ويون۔ شڪلون به وڌيڪ مجسماتي ۽ فطري ٿي ويون۔ نوان عنصر به شامل ڪيا ويا، خاص طور اڪدي ديو مالا سان لاڳاپيل مالا مال موضوعن جي حوالي سان۔ {{clear}} <gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4"> File:Adda Seal Akkadian Empire 2300 BC.jpg|"اَدا، ڪاتب" جي لکت، شڪار ڪندڙ ديوتا ڪمان ۽ تير سان، [[اشتار]] ڪلهن مان نڪرندڙ هٿيارن سان، اڀرندڙ سج جو ديوتا [[شمش]]، تقدير جو [[زو (ڏند ڪٿا)|زو]] پکي، پاڻيءَ جو ديوتا [[اِيا (بابلي ديوتا)|اِيا]] ٽنگن جي وچ ۾ ڏاند سان، ۽ ٻه-چهرو خادم ديوتا اُسيمو ساڄو هٿ مٿي کڻي بيٺو۔<ref>{{cite web |title=The Adda Seal |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=368706&partId=1&searchText=89115&page=1 |website=British Museum}}</ref> File:Akkadian seal Agricultural scene Louvre Museum.jpg|هڪ اڪدي مهر، جيڪا زرعي منظر ڏيکاري ٿي۔ لوور عجائب گهر File:Le dieu de l ete et dumuzi.jpg|اونهاري جو ديوتا ۽ [[دوموزي]]۔ لوور عجائب گهر File:Periodo accadico, sigillo in calcare verde con eroi a sei ricci che sottomettono un bufalo d'acqua e un leone, 2350-2150 ac ca.jpg|[[اِيا (بابلي ديوتا)|اِيا]] پاڻيءَ جي ڀينسي سان وڙهندي، ۽ ڏاند-انسان [[اينڪيدو]] شينهن سان وڙهندي۔ </gallery> ===ٻولي=== {{See also|سومري ٻولي|اڪدي ٻولي}} ٽئين هزار سال ق م دوران سومرين ۽ اڪدين جي وچ ۾ هڪ تمام گهري ثقافتي هم آهنگي پيدا ٿي، جنهن ۾ وسيع [[wikt:bilingualism|ٻٽي ٻولي ڳالهائڻ]] شامل هو۔<ref name="Deutscher">{{cite book|author=Deutscher, Guy|title=Syntactic Change in Akkadian: The Evolution of Sentential Complementation|publisher=[[Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press US]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-19-953222-3|pages=20–21|author-link=Guy Deutscher (linguist)}}</ref> [[اڪدي ٻولي]] تي سومري جو اثر (۽ ان جي ابتڙ) هر شعبي ۾ ظاهر آهي، وڏي پيماني تي لفظي ادل بدليءَ کان وٺي نحوي، صرفي ۽ صوتياتي ويجهڙائپ تائين۔<ref name="Deutscher"/> ان ڪري عالمن ٽئين هزار سال ق م جي سومري ۽ اڪدي کي هڪ ''[[اسپراخ بُنڊ]]'' سڏيو آهي۔<ref name="Deutscher"/> اڪدي ٻولي آهستي آهستي سومري جي جاءِ ڳالهائجندڙ ٻولي طور تقريباً 2000 ق م جي لڳ ڀڳ ورتي (صحيح تاريخ اڃا بحث جو موضوع آهي)،<ref name="woods">[https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/ois2_2007.pdf], Christopher Woods, "Bilingualism, Scribal Learning, and the Death of Sumerian", in S.L. Sanders (ed) Margins of Writing, Origins of Culture, pp. 91–120, Oriental Institute Seminars 2, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2007 {{ISBN|1-885923-39-2}}</ref> پر سومري ٻولي ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ پهرين صدي عيسويءَ تائين مقدس، رسمي، ادبي ۽ علمي ٻولي طور استعمال ٿيندي رهي۔<ref>Cooper, J. S., "Sumerian and Akkadian in Sumer and Akkad", Orientalia, n.s., 42, pp. 239–46, 1973</ref><ref>[https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/ois2_2007.pdf], Piotr Michalowski, "The Lives of the Sumerian Language", in S.L. Sanders (ed) Margins of Writing, Origins of Culture, pp. 163–190, Oriental Institute Seminars 2, Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2007 {{ISBN|1-885923-39-2}}</ref> ===شاعره-پجارڻ اينهدوانا=== [[File:Enheduanna, daughter of Sargon of Akkad.jpg|thumb|upright|[[اينهدوانا]]، [[سرگون اڪد]] جي ڌيءَ، تقريباً 2300 ق م]] سومري ادب اڪدي دور ۾ به وڏي شاهوڪاري سان ترقي ڪندو رهيو۔ [[اينهدوانا]]، "[[سين (ڏند ڪٿا)|ننا]] [سومري چنڊ ديوتا] جي زال (سومري ''dam'' = اعليٰ پجارڻ) ۽ سرگون جي ڌيءَ"<ref>Winter, Irene J. (1987), "Women in Public: The Disk of Enheduanna, The Beginning of the Office of En-Priestess, the Weight of the Visual Evidence". ''La Femme dans le Proche-Orient Antique''. (Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations)</ref>، جيڪا يور ۾ سين جي مندر سان لاڳاپيل هئي ۽ {{circa|lk=no|2285}}–2250 ق م جي وچ ۾ زنده رهي، تاريخ جي پهرين اهڙي شاعره آهي جنهن جو نالو معلوم آهي۔ سندس معلوم تصنيفن ۾ ديوي [[اِنانا]] جي واکاڻ ۾ ڀڄن شامل آهن، جهڙوڪ ''اِنانا جي سرفرازي'' ۽ ''اِن-نن سا-گُر-را''۔ ٽين تصنيف، ''[[مندرن جا ڀڄن]]''، مخصوص ڀڄنن جو هڪ مجموعو آهي، جيڪو مندرن، انهن جي رهواسين ۽ انهن ديوتائن کي مخاطب ڪري ٿو جن لاءِ اهي مندر وقف ڪيا ويا هئا۔ هن شاعره جون تصنيفون اهم آهن، ڇاڪاڻ ته جيتوڻيڪ انهن جي شروعات ٽئين شخص ۾ ٿئي ٿي، اهي پوءِ شاعرہ جي پنهنجي پهرين شخصي آواز ۾ بدلجن ٿيون، ۽ اهي ميخي لکت جي استعمال ۾ هڪ نمايان ترقيءَ جي نشاندهي ڪن ٿيون۔ شاعره، شهزادي ۽ پجارڻ طور، هوءَ اهڙي شخصيت هئي جنهن، وليم ڊبليو. هيلو جي لفظن ۾، "پنهنجن ٽنهي ڪردارن ۾ ايندڙ ڪيترين ئي صدين لاءِ معيار قائم ڪيو"۔<ref>Enheduanna, ''The Exaltation of Inanna''. Translated by William W. Hallo and J. J. A. Van Dijk, Ams Pr Inc, 1979, {{ISBN|0-404-60263-0}}</ref> ''اِنانا جي سرفرازي'' ۾، {{Blockquote|اينهدوانا اِنانا کي هڪ جنگي ديوي طور انسان ذات کي سزا ڏيندي ڏيکاري ٿي۔ اهڙيءَ طرح هوءَ جنگجو اڪدي اشتر جي خاصيتن کي نرم سومري محبت ۽ زرخيزيءَ واري ديوي جي خاصيتن سان گڏائي ٿي۔ هوءَ اِنانا کي هڪ وڏي طوفاني پکيءَ سان تشبيهه ڏئي ٿي، جيڪو ننڍن ديوتائن تي جهپٽيو ٿي پوي ۽ انهن کي ڇرڪيل چمگادڙن وانگر اُڏائي ڇڏي ٿو۔ پوءِ، ڀڄن جي شايد سڀ کان دلچسپ حصي ۾، اينهدوانا پاڻ اڳتي اچي ٿي ۽ پهرين شخص ۾ پنهنجون گذريل وڏايون بيان ڪري ٿي، پنهنجي ساک قائم ڪري ٿي، ۽ پنهنجي موجوده تڪليف جي وضاحت ڪري ٿي۔ هن کي يور شهر جي مندر مان ۽ اروڪ مان، اعليٰ پجارڻ واري عهدي تان ڪڍي ميدانن ڏانهن جلاوطن ڪيو ويو آهي۔ هوءَ چنڊ ديوتا ننا کان اپيل ڪري ٿي ته هو سندس حق ۾ سفارش ڪري، ڇاڪاڻ ته اروڪ شهر، حڪمران لوگالانّي جي ماتحت، سرگون جي خلاف بغاوت ڪئي آهي۔ باغي لوگالانّي ايئانا مندر، جيڪو قديم دنيا جي وڏن مندرن مان هڪ هو، کي به تباهه ڪري ڇڏيو ۽ پوءِ پنهنجي ڀاڄائي ڏانهن به هٿ وڌايو۔<ref>[https://www.feminism.researche-editions.cddc.vt.edu/Enheduanna.html] Binkley, Roberta, "Enheduanna: An Overview of Her Writings", Feminist Theory Website, 1998</ref>}} [[File:Ishtar on an Akkadian seal.jpg|thumb|ديوي [[اشتار]] هڪ اڪدي مهر تي، 2350–2150 ق م]] اڪد جا بادشاهه پوءِ وارين ميسوپوٽيمي تهذيبن ۾ ڏند ڪٿائي حيثيت اختيار ڪري ويا، جتي سرگون کي هڪ مضبوط ۽ داناءُ اڳواڻ جو نمونو سمجهيو ويو، ۽ سندس پوٽو نارام-سين هڪ بدڪار ۽ بي حرم اڳواڻ (''Unheilsherrscher'' يعني "فساد جو حڪمران"، [[Hans Gustav Güterbock|هانس گستاف گيٽر بوڪ]] جي تجزيي موجب) سمجهيو ويو، جنهن پنهنجي سلطنت تي تباهي آندي۔<ref>Jerrold S. Cooper, "Paradigm and Propaganda: The Dynasty of Akkade in the 21st Century", in Liverani, Mario, ed. Akkad: The First World Empire: Structure, Ideology Traditions, Padova: Sargon srl, 1993 {{ISBN| 978-8-81120-468-8}}</ref><ref>Bill T. Arnold, "The Weidner Chronicle and the Idea of History in Israel and Mesopotamia"; in ''Faith, Tradition, and History: Old Testament Historiography in Its Near Eastern Context''; [[Alan Millard|Millard]], Hoffmeier & Baker, eds.; Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 1994; {{ISBN|0-931464-82-X}}; p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=qYudy66ymrUC&pg=PA138 138].</ref> ==ٽيڪنالاجي== هن دور جي هڪ تختيءَ ۾ لکيل آهي، "(قديم ترين ڏينهن کان) ڪنهن به ماڻهو شيهي جو مجسمو نه ٺاهيو هو، (پر) ڪش جي بادشاهه ريمش پنهنجو شيهي جو مجسمو ٺهرايو۔ اهو اينليل جي اڳيان بيٺو هو؛ ۽ اهو ديوتائن جي مجلس آڏو سندس (ريمش جي) خوبين کي بيان ڪندو هو"۔ [[ٺهيل-موم طريقي]] سان ڍاليل ٽامي جو [[باسيٽڪي مجسمو]] انهيءَ اعليٰ مهارت جي شاهدي ڏئي ٿو، جيڪا اڪدي دور ۾ ڪاريگرن حاصل ڪئي هئي۔<ref name="Mieroop2007" /> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[قديم ويجهي اوڀر جي شهرن جي فهرست]] * [[ميسوپوٽيميا جي ديوتائن جي فهرست]] * [[ميسوپوٽيميا جي تاريخ]] * [[ميسوپوٽيميا جي خاندانن جي فهرست]] {{clear}} == حوالا == {{Reflist|30em}} === ڪتابيات === {{History of Iraq|File:Impression_of_an_Akkadian_cylinder_seal_with_inscription_The_Divine_Sharkalisharri_Prince_of_Akkad_Ibni-Sharrum_the_Scribe_his_servant.jpg}} * [[ماريو ليوراني|ليوراني، ماريو]]، ايڊيٽر (1993)۔ ''اڪد: پهرين عالمي سلطنت: ڍانچو، نظريو، روايتون''۔ پادووا: Sargon srl. {{ISBN|978-8-81120-468-8}} * [[جوئن اوٽس|اوٽس، جوئن]] (2004)۔ "ميسوپوٽيميا ۾ آثاريات: تل براڪ ۾ وڌيڪ گهري کوٽائي". 2004 البرٽ ريڪٽ آثار قديمه ليڪچر. ''Proceedings of the British Academy: 2004 Lectures'' ۾؛ Oxford University Press، 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-19726-351-8}}. * {{Cite journal|jstor=3632803|title=Reconstructing the World of Ancient Mesopotamia: Divided Beginnings and Holistic History|journal=Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient|volume=46|issue=1|pages=3–45|last1=Zettler|first1=Richard L.|year=2003|doi=10.1163/156852003763504320}} == وڌيڪ پڙهڻ لاءِ == === جائزا === * {{cite book| last1 = Foster| first1= Benjamin R.| title = The Age of Agade: Inventing empire in ancient Mesopotamia| location= Londres and New York| publisher= Routledge / Taylor & Francis Group| year= 2016}} * {{cite book| language=fr| last1 =Lafont| first1=Bertrand| chapter=Akkad, l'empire charismatique (2330-2100) | title=Mésopotamie : De Gilgamesh à Artaban (3300-120 av. J.-C.)| location=Paris| publisher=Belin| series=Mondes anciens| year=2017|pages=165–199}} * {{cite book|last1=McMahon|first1= Augusta | chapter= The Akkadian Period: Empire, Environment, and Imagination |title = A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East| editor= Daniel T. Potts | location= Malden and Oxford| publisher= Blackwell Publishers | series= Blackwell companions to the ancient world| year= 2012| pages= 649–667}} * {{cite book|last1 =Michalowski| first1=Piotr |chapter=The Kingdom of Akkad in Contact with the World |editor=Karen Radner, Nadine Moeller and Daniel T. Potts | title=The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, Volume 2: From the End of the Third Millennium bc to the Fall of Babylon| location= New York| publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2020|pages=686–764}} * {{cite book|last1 =Schrakamp| first1=Ingo |chapter=The Kingdom of Akkad: A View from Within |editor=Karen Radner, Nadine Moeller and Daniel T. Potts | title=The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, Volume 2: From the End of the Third Millennium bc to the Fall of Babylon| location= New York| publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2020|pages=612–685}} * {{cite book|last1 = Westenholz| first1= Aage| chapter=The Old Akkadian Period: History and Culture | title = Mesopotamien: Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit| location= Freiburg and Göttingen| publisher= Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht | series= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis| year=1999| pages= 17–118}} * {{cite book| last1 =Steinkeller|first1=Piotr|chapter= The Sargonic and Ur III Empires|editor= Peter Fibiger Bang, C.A. Bayly and Walter Scheidel|title= The Oxford World History of Empire| location=Oxford|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2021| pages=43–72}} === خصوصي اڀياس === * {{cite book| language = fr| last1=Amiet |first1 = Pierre| title = L'art d'Agadé au musée du Louvre| location= Paris| publisher=Éditions des Musées nationaux| year=1976 }} * {{cite book| last1=Eppihimer|first1=Melissa|title= Exemplars of Kingship: Art, Tradition, and the Legacy of the Akkadians|location= Oxford|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2019}} * {{cite book| last1=Westenholz|first1= Joan Goodnick| title = Legends of the Kings of Akkade| location= Winona Lake| publisher= Eisenbrauns |year= 1997}} == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/ عراق جو قديم ماضي] – [[پنسلوانيا يونيورسٽي ميوزيم آف آرڪيالاجي اينڊ اينٿروپالاجي|پين عجائب گهر]] * [http://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T2K3.htm ناريم-سين جا سال-نالا – CDLI] * [http://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T2K4.htm شار-ڪلي-شري جا سال-نالا – CDLI] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091212064322/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/Enheduanna.html ورجينيا ٽيڪ تي اينهدوانا بابت صفحو] (12 ڊسمبر 2009 تي محفوظ ٿيل) {{Authority control}} {{Coord|33|6|N|44|6|E|display=title}} [[زمرو:اڪادي سلطنت]] [[زمرو:اڳوڻيون بادشاهتون]] [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جي تاريخ]] [[زمرو:قديم ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:قديم اپر ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جون اڳوڻيون بادشاهتون]] [[زمرو:نمرود]] [[زمرو:قديم ليوانٽ]] [[زمرو:24هين صدي قبل مسيح جون قيامون]] [[زمرو:ٽئين هزار سال قبل مسيح جون ختم ٿيڻ واريون صورتون]] [[زمرو:ٽئين هزار سال قبل مسيح ۾ قائم ٿيل رياستون ۽ علائقا]] [[زمرو:ٽئين هزار سال قبل مسيح ۾ ختم ٿيل رياستون ۽ علائقا]] 3pvbbzo117v86u6tp0jt23l8bfaq5ds 0 13717 375639 312758 2026-05-03T11:39:05Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* موسيقي */ 375639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{صندوق معلومات شخص}} [[فائل:Godfather_puppetmaster.svg|thumb|]] '''دي گاڊ فادر''' 15 [[مارچ]] 1972ع تي رليز ٿيل دي گاڊ فادر جڳ مشهور هدايتڪار فرانسس فورڊ ڪپولا پاران فلم بينن لاءِ هڪ [[عظيم]] تحفو هئي. ماريو پيوزو جي ناول '''گاڊ فادر''' تي ٺهيل هن جو اسڪرين پلي ڪپولا پيوزو گڏ لکيو هو. == موسيقي == فلم جي [[موسيقي]] مينو روٽا [[ترتيب]] ڏني هئي جڏهن ته فلمي ستارن جي هڪ [[عظيم الشان]] سٿ هن [[فلم]] ۾ اداڪاري ڪئي هئي [[نيويارڪ]] ۽ ڀرياسي ۾ ٿيندڙ شو ٽنگ ۾ مارلن برانڊو. البڪينو. جيمس ڪين. رچرڊ ڪاسٽيلانو. رابرٽ ڊووال. اسٽرلنگ هيڊن. جان مارلي. رچرڊ ڪانٽي. ۽ ڊيانا ڪيٽن. اداڪاري ڪئي هئي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:LCCN سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون]] m7phcumcnfgjjeu74gkyx337mwyzxkn 0 14156 375397 332161 2026-05-02T14:43:54Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ') هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ زراعت، روايتي ثقافت، ڪاروبار، سامان، ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. گڏيل قومن (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو، ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي، ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن. اقوام متحده جي فوڊ اينڊ ايگريڪلچر آرگنائيزيشن (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." * لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي. <ref>http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> (ماڻھن جي ڳڻپ). (ملڪ ۾ رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سرڪاري طور ڳڻپ جيڪا ھر ڏھين سال ٿيندي آھي). ==تفصيل== {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] مردم شماري (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ') هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ زراعت، روايتي ثقافت، ڪاروبار، سامان، ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. گڏيل قومن (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو، ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي، ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن. اقوام متحده جي فوڊ اينڊ ايگريڪلچر آرگنائيزيشن (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي. '''census''' (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given [[Statistical population|population]], usually displayed in the form of statistics. This term is used mostly in connection with [[Population and housing censuses by country|national population and housing censuses]]; other common censuses include [[Census of agriculture|censuses of agriculture]], traditional culture, business, supplies, and traffic censuses. The [[United Nations]] (UN) defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every ten years. UN recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, and other useful information to coordinate international practices.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> The [[United Nations|UN]]'s [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), in turn, defines the census of agriculture as "a statistical operation for collecting, processing and disseminating data on the structure of agriculture, covering the whole or a significant part of a country." "In a census of agriculture, data are collected at the holding level."<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] s3ny7os6eu5fuimd6strqii7e63p5ow 375400 375397 2026-05-02T14:52:55Z Ibne maryam 17680 375400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ') هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ زراعت، روايتي ثقافت، ڪاروبار، سامان، ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. گڏيل قومن (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو، ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي، ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن. اقوام متحده جي فوڊ اينڊ ايگريڪلچر آرگنائيزيشن (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." * لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي. <ref>http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> (ماڻھن جي ڳڻپ). (ملڪ ۾ رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سرڪاري طور ڳڻپ جيڪا ھر ڏھين سال ٿيندي آھي). ==تفصيل== {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] مردم شماري (Census)، [[لاطيني]] لفظ سينسرئ مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ'، هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندي آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ [[زراعت]]، [[ثقافت|روايتي ثقافت]]، [[ڪاروبار]]، سامان ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. [[گڏيل قومن جو عالمي ادارو|گڏيل قومن]] (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> اقوام متحده جي [[گڏيل قومن جي خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم|خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] i9wfe645dsty003mc27lc0g6o9nvfns 375402 375400 2026-05-02T14:56:15Z Ibne maryam 17680 375402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ') <ref>http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> (ماڻھن جي ڳڻپ). (ملڪ ۾ رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سرڪاري طور ڳڻپ جيڪا ھر ڏھين سال ٿيندي آھي). ==تفصيل== {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] مردم شماري (Census)، [[لاطيني]] لفظ سينسرئ مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ'، هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندي آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ [[زراعت]]، [[ثقافت|روايتي ثقافت]]، [[ڪاروبار]]، سامان ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. [[گڏيل قومن جو عالمي ادارو|گڏيل قومن]] (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> اقوام متحده جي [[گڏيل قومن جي خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم|خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] f1gk3hwqwrhk0frkdma3gq1m1ibx04v 375404 375402 2026-05-02T14:56:39Z Ibne maryam 17680 375404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ') <ref>http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> (ماڻھن جي ڳڻپ). (ملڪ ۾ رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سرڪاري طور ڳڻپ جيڪا ھر ڏھين سال ٿيندي آھي). {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] مردم شماري (Census)، [[لاطيني]] لفظ سينسرئ مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ'، هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندي آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ [[زراعت]]، [[ثقافت|روايتي ثقافت]]، [[ڪاروبار]]، سامان ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. [[گڏيل قومن جو عالمي ادارو|گڏيل قومن]] (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> اقوام متحده جي [[گڏيل قومن جي خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم|خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] 3y9lrtv2t82elp4kvnys5weltylmh2z 375406 375404 2026-05-02T14:59:14Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ')،<ref> http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندي آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ [[زراعت]]، [[ثقافت|روايتي ثقافت]]، [[ڪاروبار]]، سامان ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. [[گڏيل قومن جو عالمي ادارو|گڏيل قومن]] (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> اقوام متحده جي [[گڏيل قومن جي خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم|خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] 0j3ubpe2svhafai7yo1ugbv4ga35sk3 375594 375406 2026-05-03T06:13:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|Censer|Census (feudal tax){{!}}Censive|Censor (disambiguation){{!}}Censor|Censure|Senser|Sensor}} {{short description|Acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population}} [[File:Volkstelling 1925 Census.jpg|thumb|A census taker visits a family of Indigenous [[Dutch Travellers]] living in a [[mobile home|caravan]] in the [[Netherlands]] in 1925.]] '''آدمشماري''' (Census) (لاطيني لفظ سينسر مان، 'تشخيص ڪرڻ')،<ref> http://encyclopediasindhiana.org/article.php?Dflt=%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A</ref> هڪ ڏنل آبادي جي ميمبرن بابت آبادي جي معلومات کي منظم طريقي سان حاصل ڪرڻ، رڪارڊ ڪرڻ ۽ حساب ڪرڻ جو طريقو آهي، جيڪو عام طور تي انگن اکرن جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي. هي اصطلاح گهڻو ڪري قومي آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي سلسلي ۾ استعمال ٿيندي آهي؛ ٻين عام مردم شماري ۾ [[زراعت]]، [[ثقافت|روايتي ثقافت]]، [[ڪاروبار]]، سامان ۽ ٽرئفڪ جي مردم شماري شامل آهن. [[گڏيل قومن جو عالمي ادارو|گڏيل قومن]] (UN) آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ جي مردم شماري جي ضروري خاصيتن کي "انفرادي ڳڻپ، هڪ مقرر ٿيل علائقي اندر عالمگيريت، هڪ ئي وقت ۽ مقرر ڪيل وقفي" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿو ۽ سفارش ڪري ٿو ته آبادي جي مردم شماري گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هر ڏهن سالن ۾ ڪئي وڃي. گڏيل قومن جي سفارشن ۾ مردم شماري جي موضوعن کي گڏ ڪرڻ، سرڪاري وصفن، درجه بندي ۽ بين الاقوامي طريقن کي هم آهنگ ڪرڻ لاءِ ٻيون مفيد معلومات پڻ شامل آهن.<ref>United Nations (2008). [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514112357/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P%26R_Rev2.pdf |date=2011-05-14 }}. Statistical Papers: Series M No. 67/Rev. 2. p. 8. {{ISBN|978-92-1-161505-0}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027034936/http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/publications/CES_2010_Census_Recommendations_English.pdf |archive-date=2011-10-27 |url-status=live |title=CES 2010 Census Recommendations |website=Unece.org |access-date=2013-11-19}}</ref> اقوام متحده جي [[گڏيل قومن جي خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم|خوراڪ ۽ زراعت جي تنظيم]] (FAO)، بدلي ۾، زراعت جي مردم شماري کي "زراعت جي جوڙجڪ تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ، پروسيسنگ ۽ ورهائڻ لاءِ هڪ شمارياتي آپريشن" جي طور تي بيان ڪري ٿي، جيڪو ملڪ جي پوري يا هڪ اهم حصي کي ڍڪيندو آهي. "زراعت جي مردم شماري ۾، ڊيٽا هولڊنگ ليول تي گڏ ڪيو ويندو آهي." لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ مان آهي: رومن ريپبلڪ دوران، مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|title=World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Volume 1: Programme, concepts and definitions|publisher=FAO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-5-108865-4|series=FAO statistical development series No. 15|location=Rome|access-date=2020-11-19|archive-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110154327/http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/506491e2-2ed4-4a7d-8104-6358d0e40adc|url-status=live}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO (CC BY 3.0 IGO)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124095033/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ |date=2019-11-24 }} license.</ref> هي لفظ لاطيني ٻوليءَ جو آهي. رومن ريپبلڪ دوران. مردم شماري فوجي خدمت لاءِ مناسب سڀني بالغ مردن جي فهرست هئي. جديد مردم شماري ڪنهن به قسم جي انگن اکرن جي بين الاقوامي مقابلي لاءِ ضروري آهي. ۽ مردم شماري آبادي جي ڪيترن ئي خاصيتن تي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪن ٿا. صرف فردن جو تعداد نه. مردم شماري عام طور تي قومي آبادي جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي واحد طريقي جي طور تي شروع ٿي هئي. ۽ هاڻي مختلف سروي جي هڪ وڏي نظام جو حصو آهن. جيتوڻيڪ آبادي جو اندازو مردم شماري جو هڪ اهم ڪم رهي ٿو (آبادي جي جاگرافيائي ورڇ يا زرعي آبادي سميت). خاصيتن جي ميلاپ بابت انگ اکر پيدا ڪري سگهجن ٿا. مثال طور، مختلف علائقن ۾ عمر ۽ جنس جي لحاظ کان تعليم. موجوده انتظامي ڊيٽا سسٽم ڳڻپ لاءِ ٻين طريقن جي اجازت ڏين ٿا. تفصيل جي ساڳئي سطح سان. پر رازداري ۽ تخميني جي تعصب جي امڪان بابت خدشا پيدا ڪن ٿا. * مردم شماري کي نموني سان مقابلو ڪري سگهجي ٿو (جنهن ۾ معلومات صرف آبادي جي هڪ ذيلي سيٽ مان حاصل ڪئي ويندي آهي. عام طور تي. مکيه آبادي جي تخميني کي اهڙن بين الانساني تخمينن ذريعي اپڊيٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي. جديد مردم شماري ڊيٽا عام طور تي تحقيق، ڪاروباري مارڪيٽنگ ۽ منصوبابندي لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن. ۽ نموني سروي کي ڊزائين ڪرڻ لاءِ بنيادي طور تي. هڪ نموني فريم مهيا ڪندي جيئن ته ايڊريس رجسٽر. آبادي جي نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاءِ نمونن کي ترتيب ڏيڻ لاءِ مردم شماري جي ڳڻپ ضروري آهي. انهن کي وزن ڏيندي جيئن راءِ شماري ۾ عام آهي. ساڳئي طرح. طبقن بندي لاءِ مختلف آبادي جي طبقن جي نسبتي سائيز جي ڄاڻ جي ضرورت آهي. جيڪا مردم شماري جي ڳڻپ مان حاصل ڪري سگهجي ٿي. ڪجهه ملڪن ۾. مردم شماري سرڪاري ڳڻپ فراهم ڪري ٿي جيڪا چونڊيل نمائندن جي تعداد کي علائقن ۾ ورهائڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندي آهي (ڪڏهن ڪڏهن تڪراري طور تي - مثال طور، يوٽا بمقابله ايوانز). ڪيترن ئي ڪيسن ۾. احتياط سان چونڊيل بي ترتيب نمونو آبادي جي مردم شماري حاصل ڪرڻ جي ڪوششن کان وڌيڪ صحيح معلومات فراهم ڪري سگهي ٿو. The word is of [[Latin]] origin: during the [[Roman Republic]], the census was a list of all adult males fit for military service. The modern census is essential to [[international comparisons]] of any type of statistics, and censuses collect data on many attributes of a population, not just the number of individuals. Censuses typically began as the only method of collecting national [[Demography|demographic]] data and are now part of a larger system of different surveys. Although population estimates remain an important function of a census, including exactly the geographic distribution of the population or the agricultural population, statistics can be produced about combinations of attributes, e.g., education by age and sex in different regions. Current [[administrative data]] systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the same level of detail but raise concerns about privacy and the possibility of biasing estimates.<ref name="theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org">{{cite web |url=https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |title=History and Development of the Census in England and Wales |website=theforgottenfamily.wordpress.org |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2017-01-20 |archive-date=2017-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202022221/https://theforgottenfamily.wordpress.com/2017/01/19/history-and-development-of-the-census-in-england-and-wales/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A census can be contrasted with [[sampling (statistics)|sampling]] in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population; typically, main population estimates are updated by such [[intercensal estimate]]s. Modern census data are commonly used for research, business [[marketing]], and planning, and as a baseline for designing sample surveys by providing a [[sampling frame]] such as an address register. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in [[opinion poll]]ing. Similarly, [[stratified sampling|stratification]] requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata, which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official counts used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions (sometimes controversially – e.g., ''[[Utah v. Evans]]''). In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide more accurate information than attempts to get a population census.<ref>Salant, Priscilla, and Don A. Dillman. "How to Conduct your Survey: Leading professional give you proven techniques for getting reliable results." (1995)</ref> [[File:Lastcensus.svg|thumb|300px|A world map showing countries' most recent censuses as of 2020]] [[عڪس:Lastcensus.svg|thumbnail|دنيا جي مختلف ملڪن ۾ آخري ڀيرو ٿيل آدم ڳڻپ جي لحاظ سان نقشو]] ==پاڪستان ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] ٺھڻ کان پوءِ [[1951ع]]، [[1961ع]]، [[1972ع]] ۽ [[1981ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ٿي. انھيءَ کان پوءِ حڪومت طرفان [[1991ع]] ۾ آدم ڳڻپ ڪرائي وئي، پر ان جي نتيجن کي نه مڃيو ويو، جنھنڪري عام ماڻھن ۾ بيچيني پيدا ٿيڻ لازمي امر ھو. ڇو ته صوبن جي ضرورتن، ترقياتي ڪمن، نوڪرين، روزگار وغيره جو دارومدار آدمشماريءَ جي انگن اکرن تي ئي ھوندو آھي. آدمشماريءَ جي عمل کي لاڳيتو پوئتي ھٽائڻ تي گهڻن احتجاج کان پوءِ نيٺ مارچ [[1998ع]] ۾ آدمشماري ٿي. هن وقت سرڪار طرفان سال 2017ع ۾ آدم ڳڻپ (Census) لاءِ تياريون ڪيون پيون وڃن. جــڏهن ته پاڪستان جي آبادي ميڊيا جي انگن اکرن موجب 20 ڪروڙ کان به وڌي وئي آهي. '''پاڪستان جي 2017ع جي آدم شماري''' * پاڪستان جي ڪُل آبادي: 21 ڪروڙ 31 لکَ * ڪشمير/گلگت: 60 لکَ * پنجاب: 11 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * سنڌ: 5 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * خيبر پختوخواه: 3 ڪروڙ 10 لکَ * بلوچستان: 1 ڪروڙ 15 لک * فاٽا: 55 لک * اسلام آباد: 21 لکَ * ڪراچي: 1 ڪروڙ 70 لک * لاهور: 1 ڪروڙ 20 لک * پشاور: 40 لک <ref>[http://e.dunya.com.pk/detail.php?date=2017-08-11&edition=LHR&id=3299995_49085653 Roznama Dunya<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>Urdu daily Duniya, 11 August, 2017</ref> ===پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ=== مارچ 2017ع ۾ رٿيل نئين آدم ڳڻپ (آدمشماريءَ) جي حوالي سان صحت يا چڱڀلائي جي حوالي سان ڪم ڪندڙ تنظيمن حڪومت کي ان آدم ڳڻپ ۾ پنجن وڏين بيمارين جي حوالي سان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ جي رٿ ڏني آهي. <ref>[http://www.dawnnews.tv/news/1052495/ مردم شماری:پانچ بڑی بیماریوں کا ڈیٹا حاصل کرنے کی تجویز - Pakistan - Dawn News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==سنڌ ۾ آدمشماري== [[پاڪستان]] قائم ٿيڻ وقت [[سنڌ|سنڌ پرڳڻي]] جي آبادي 70 لکن تائين ھئي، جيڪا 1981ع جي آدمشماريءَ موجب وڌي ھڪ ڪروڙ 90 لکن تائين پھچي ويئي. 1998ع ۾ سڀني [[ضلعو|ضلعن]] جي رپورٽن مطابق سنڌ صوبي جي آدمشماري ٽن ڪروڙن کان مـٿي ٿي چــڪي آهي. ورهاڱي کان اڳ [[ڪراچي]] عملي طور تي هڪ [[سنڌي]] شهر ۽ ضلعو هئو. ڪراچي ضلعي جي 1941ع جي آدم ڳڻپ موجب ان وقت ڪراچي ضلعي جي ڪُل آبادي 7,13،900 هئي، جنهن ۾ 4,06،050 سنڌي ڳالهائيندڙ هئا. جڏهن ته اردو ڳالهائيندڙ آبادي رڳو 30 هزار هئي. ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category|Census}} * * [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ Census of Ireland 1911]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/ Online Historical Population Reports Project (OHPR)]. * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/thesis.jsp?idt=8384 PR as a function of census management: comparative analysis of fifteen census experiences] {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:آبادي]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] [[Category:Survey methodology]] [[Category:Sampling (statistics)]] [[Category:Latin words and phrases]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آدمشماري]] [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:آدم ڳڻپ]] [[زمرو:شماريات]] ep4pswfrsz1fpx705ly5yapg1s01t9h 10 16265 375414 54330 2026-05-02T15:52:25Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375414 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:key|keypress}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 4j2emwcxmf4dx4zblg3n3h8o0vkve67 375426 375414 2026-05-02T16:15:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375426 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:key|keypress}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation subpage}} </noinclude> 4yhcw0dbpr8zitkj7wrmubjgzqcyglm 375427 375426 2026-05-02T16:16:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375427 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{{{♥|safesubst:}}}#invoke:key|keypress}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> e3qtpd6z9sv98zhzg5hbqtxi4nidd2p 0 29308 375640 324248 2026-05-03T11:41:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 375640 wikitext text/x-wiki [[فائل:The Tramp Essanay.jpg|thumb|کاٻو]] '''چارلي چپلن''' (Charlie Chiplin) برطانيه جو ڄائو ۽ هالي ووڊ جو جڳ مشهور مزاحيه اداڪار, 16 اپريل 1889ع تي لنڊن ۾ ڄائو. سندس والد چارلس اسپينسر چپلن هڪ ڳائڻو هو، جڏهن ته سندس ماءُ هَنا چپلن (Hannah Chaplin) اسٽيج اداڪاره ۽ ڳائڻي به هئي. هي اصل ۾ جپسي هئا. مختلف هنڌن تي وڃي ماڻهن کي موسيقيءَ ۽ ٿيٽر ذريعي وندرائڻ جو ڪم ڪندا هئا. ان ڪري چارلي چپلن کي فن ورثي ۾ مليو هو. هن گهڻو عرصو پنهنجي ماءُ سان گذاريو. هن ٿوري گهڻي تعليم سينٽرل لنڊن ڊسٽرڪٽ اسڪول مان به ورتي. ==فلمي زندگي== 1903ع کان هن گونگين فلمن ۾ ڪم ڪرڻ سان پنهنجي فني زندگيءَ جي شروعات ڪئي، کيس وليم گليٽيءَ جي لکيل شرلاڪ هومز سـلـسلـي جـي هـڪـ فـلـم ۾ بـلـيءَ (Billy) جـو ڪـردار مـلـيو. ان کان پوءِ هن شرلاڪ هومز سلسلي جي فلمن ۾ ڪافي ڪردار ادا ڪيا، انهن فلمن مان: (1) شرلاڪ هومز (Sherlock Holmes)، (2) The Painfull Predicament ۽ (3) Chariee مشهور ٿيون. هن اوڻويهين صديءَ جي شروعات کان ويهين صديءَ جي وچ تائين هالي ووڊ ۾ اداڪاريءَ سان گڏ هدايتڪاريءَ ۽ موسيقيءَ ۾ به پنهنجي صلاحيتن کي مڃرايو. هن پنهنجي اداڪاري جي شروعات گونگين فلمن واري دور سان ڪئي. سندس مزاحيه اداڪاري اڪثر ڊائلاگن کان سواءِ جسماني حرڪتن تي مشتمل هئي. هن پنهنجي تخليقي صلاحيتن کي دلچسپ انداز سان عجيب ۽ غريب چرپر ذريعي ادا ڪيو ۽ ڏسندڙن کي کِلڻ تي مجبور ڪري فن جو ڀرپور اظهار ڪندو هو. پهرين عالمگير جنگ تائين دنيا جي وڏن اداڪارن ۾ شمار ٿيڻ لڳو ۽ ڳالهائيندڙ فلمن واري دور ۾ سندس شهرت تي ڪو اثر نه پيو. سندس پهرين گونگي فلم ‘Kid Auto Races at Venice’، 1914ع ۾ ٺهي. اپريل 1914ع ۾ سندس ڊائريڪشن هيٺ ‘Twenty minutes of Love’ (پيار جا ويهه منٽ) فلم ٺهي. 1916ع کان هي هدايتڪاريءَ سان گڏ فلمن ۾ سيڙپڪار طور ۽ 1918ع کان فلمن جي موسيقار طور سڃاپجڻ لڳو. سندس ساٿي اداڪارن ۾ ميري پڪ فورڊ ۽ ڊي. ڊبليو گرفٽ مشهور ٿيا. هن 1917ع ۾ ’يونائيٽيڊ آرٽسٽس‘ جي نالي سان هڪ فلمي ادارو به قائم ڪيو. ==گھڻ رخو فنڪار== چارلي چپلن گلوڪاري پنهنجي والدين کان سِکي. جڏهن 1901ع ۾ چپلن 12 سالن جو هو ته پيءُ گذاري ويس. 1928ع ۾ آمريڪا اچڻ کان ست سال پوءِ سندس ماءُ به گذاري وئي. سندس شروعاتي فلمون ميڪ سينٽ ڪيسٽون اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺاهيون ويون، جتي هن ”ٽرمپ“ جي ڪردار کي اڳيان وڌايو ۽ فلم سازيءَ ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪئي هئي. 1916ع ۾ ميوچل فلم ڪارپوريشن چارلي چپلن کي سٺي معاوضي سان هڪ درجن ڪاميڊي فلمون ٺاهڻ لاءِ رقم ڏني. هن 18 مهينن اندر 12 فلمون مڪمل ڪري سڀني کي حيران ڪري ڇڏيو. اهو سندس ڪيريئر جو بهترين دور هو. هن 1917ع ۾ ’فرسٽ نئشنل‘ ڪمپني اٺن فلمن ٺاهڻ جو معاهدو ڪيو. 1923ع کان پوءِ هن پنهنجو ذاتي اسٽوڊيو ٺاهي فلمون ٺاهڻ شروع ڪيون. سندس آخري خاموش فلمون ’سٽي لائيٽس‘ ۽ ’ماڊرن ٽائيمز‘ هيون. هن يونائيٽيڊ آرٽسٽس پڪچرز جي بينر هيٺ ’اي وومين آف پئرس‘، ’گولڊ رش‘ ۽ ’دي سرڪس‘ جھڙيون شاهڪار فلمون ڏنيون. چاليهن جي ڏهاڪي ۾ هن ’دي گريٽ ڊڪٽيٽر‘، ’مونس ويئر ورڊ وڪس‘ ۽ ’لائيم لائيٽ‘ جھڙيون ڪامياب فلمون ٺاهيون. چارلي چپلن فلم ۾ گلوڪاري به ڪئي. 50 واري ڏهاڪي واري سندس فلم ’لائيم لائيٽ‘ ۾ گانا به هئا. انهيءَ فلم کي ٻن ڏهاڪن کان پوءِ 1972ع ڌاري ’آسڪر اوارڊ‘ لاءِ منتخب ڪيو ويو. ==مڃتا== اڪيڊمي اوارڊ جي تقريب ۾ موجود شوقينن پنجن منٽن تائين بيهي تاڙيون وڄائي کيس زبردست خراج تحسين پيش ڪيو. چارلي چپلن جي فني ڪيريئر جون آخري ٻه فلمون ’اي ڪنگ ان نيويارڪ‘ ۽ ’اي ڪائونٽس فرام هانگ ڪانگ‘ برطانيا ۾ ٺاهيون ويون. پهرين فلم ۾ هن اداڪاري سان گڏ مصنف، هدايتڪار ۽ فلمساز جا فرض به سرانجام ڏنا. جڏهن ته ٻي فلم ۾ ساڻس صوفيا لورين ۽ مارلن برانڊو پڻ اداڪاريءَ جا جوهر ڏيکاريا. چارلي چپلن پنهنجي مخصوص اداڪاريءَ سبب تمام گھڻو مشهور هو، پر حسين اداڪارائن سان دوستين ۽ شادين، سندس عوامي همدرديءَ کي تمام گھڻو متاثر ڪيو. جن ۾ ڪجهه اداڪارائون ۽ هڪ رقاصه به شامل هئي. 1918ع ۾ مائيلڊرڊ ريڊ هيرسن سان شاديءَ وقت چپلن جي عمر 29 سال هئي. هيرسن مان کيس هڪ پٽ ڄائو، جيڪو ٽن ڏينهن کان پوءِ گذاري ويو. 1922ع ۾ پولينڊ جي اداڪاره پولا نيگريءَ سان چپلن جي دوستي ٿي ۽ هن ڪڏهن به پنهنجي دوستيءَ کي عوامي سطح تي لڪائڻ جي ڪوشش نه ڪئي. ڪيترن سوانح نگارن جو چوڻ آهي ته نينگريءَ سان هن دوستي صرف عوامي شهرت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪئي هئي. چپلن جي زندگي ۾ ايندڙ آخري عورت اونا اونيري هئي، جنهن سان هن 1943ع ۾ شادي ڪئي، ان شاديءَ مان چپلن کي اٺ ٻار ٿيا. بهرحال ان ۾ ڪو شڪ ناهي ته چارلي چپلن ويهين صديءَ جو عظيم ڪاميڊين هو، جيڪو پنهنجي فن سبب شوقينن جي دلين ۾ اڄ به زنده آهي. ==سنڌي فنڪارن تي اثر== هـن جـي اداڪـاريءَ جـو اثـر سـنـڌ جـي ڪيـترن اداڪـارن تي آهي. جيئن نور محمد چارلي، عبدالمنان عباسي، عبدالله ملاح، نياز ديوانو، اردوءَ ۾ رنگيلا وغيره جي اداڪاريءَ تي چارلي چپلن جو نمايان اثر آهي. ==وفات== سندس آخري فلم A Countess from Hong Kong هئي، جيڪا 1977ع ۾ رليز ٿي. هي مشهور اداڪار، هدايتڪار ۽ موسيقار، 25 ڊسمبر 1977ع تي سئيزرلينڊ ۾ ڪرسمس جي ڏينهن ننڊ ۾ ئي گذاري ويو. سندس قبر سئيزرلينڊ ۾ آهي. چارلي چپلن جو اهو ڪشادو گهر، جتي هن پنهنجي زندگيءَ جا 24 سال گذاريا، هڪ يادگار ميوزيم ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويو آهي. ان بنگلي ۾ هن پنهنجي زال اونا ۽ اٺن ٻارن سان آخري وقت گذاريو هو. سندس ميوزيم کي 2009ع ۾ مداحن لاءِ کوليو ويو.<ref>ڪتاب: انسائڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا، جلد چوٿون، ڇپيندڙ: سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي (ISBN: 978-969-9098-80-2) سال: 2012</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:چارلي چپلن]] [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] [[زمرو:فلمن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:1889ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1977ع ۾ فوتگيون]] oeyhi9jqznh9eaoimps0znzo2wuc2yp 10 31843 375544 79462 2026-05-03T00:57:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{1}}}<noinclude> [[Category:Wikipedia templates]] {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 83a2rvfg9pxgjccpt0amjohl2drbpij 10 31876 375547 79500 2026-05-03T00:59:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375547 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{2|}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you. --></noinclude> kfop10051f4pxujiemcdq8fgdnfb8xl 10 31878 375542 79502 2026-05-03T00:53:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375542 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}<!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you. --></noinclude> aj247njq7fsat7bjhm0h46g0u68qk2s 0 32059 375621 373706 2026-05-03T11:10:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= Titanic poster.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live | accessdate=April 23, 2026 | archivedate=January 18, 2000 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118171043/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron }}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece }}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=September 16, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916020751/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=April 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=January 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109070153/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=December 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=July 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701171118/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315003421/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm }}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=summary |date=2020-12-01 }} at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] i0ghrja89ud9gxhaohvkbzm47fyrnuo 375622 375621 2026-05-03T11:12:22Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= Titanic poster.jpg | alt = The film poster shows a man and a woman hugging over a picture of the Titanic's bow. In the background is a partly cloudy sky and at the top are the names of the two lead actors. The middle has the film's name and tagline, and the bottom contains a list of the director's previous works, as well as the film's credits, rating, and release date. | caption = سينيما جو بورڊ | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} [[File:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|thumb|Real Scene]] '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live | accessdate=April 23, 2026 | archivedate=January 18, 2000 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118171043/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron }}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece }}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=September 16, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916020751/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=April 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=January 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109070153/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=December 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=July 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701171118/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315003421/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm }}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=summary |date=2020-12-01 }} at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 593a7px454f13k98wps397p3u5dik7i 375624 375622 2026-05-03T11:16:20Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} [[File:Titanic poster.jpg|thumb|سينيما جو پوسٽر]] '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. [[File:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|thumb|Real Scene]] == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live | accessdate=April 23, 2026 | archivedate=January 18, 2000 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118171043/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron }}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece }}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=September 16, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916020751/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=April 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=January 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109070153/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=December 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=July 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701171118/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315003421/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm }}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=summary |date=2020-12-01 }} at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:فلمون بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] gxctoe9c1fo5yke3uaej88dv9ysz7dt 10 36461 375519 367369 2026-05-02T23:21:58Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375519 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}|<!-- -->{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|Category:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}}}<!-- -->]]&nbsp;({{PAGESINCATEGORY:{{#invoke:string|replace|1={{{1}}}|2=^:?[Cc]ategory:|3=|plain=false}}|{{{2|all}}}}})<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> t44qc0k3i1yz2ecwxpiksck04hyz7rx 0 37744 375635 227878 2026-05-03T11:34:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار''' ({{lang-en|Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle}}) هڪ آمريڪي مزاحيا عمل ۽ مهم جوئي فلم آهي ، جيڪا ميڪنن جي ڪهاڻِي منجهان کنئي وئي، جنهنجي هدايتڪاري جيڪ ڪيسلڊ ڏني آهي۽ ڪرس ميڪنن، جيف پينلنيٽ، سڪاٽ روسنبرگ ۽ ايرڪ سمرز جي 2017 پروڊڪشن آهي.<ref>[http://deadline.com/2016/01/jumanji-jake-kasdan-reboot-sony-pictures-robin-williams-1201683408/ Jake Kasdan To Direct ‘Jumanji’ Reboot For Sony | Deadline<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. جمانجي جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار جمانجي فرنچائزز جي نئين فلم جمانجي ويلڪم ٽو دي جنگل، سال 2017ع جي ھڪ بھترين تفريحي موڪل فلم جنھن جي ڪاسٽنگ انکي ھڪ دلڪش ترين بڻائي ٿي. == داستان == چار نوجوان جيڪي جادوگر وڊيو راند جي چوس ۾ ڦاسي پون ٿا، ۽ ان مان بچڻ لاءِ ھڪڙو ئي رستو ھجي ٿو تہ ان جادوگر وڊيو راند کي ختم ڪرڻ لاءِ ھو سڀئي گڏجي ڪم ڪن. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:2017 فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:فلم]] [[زمرو:LCCN سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون]] 4xoj7jpezlqn0ary1mcv2evfw7n1y12 0 37772 375636 227877 2026-05-03T11:37:02Z Ibne maryam 17680 375636 wikitext text/x-wiki حيرت انگيز عورت سال 2017ع جي آمريڪي سپر هيرو فلم آهي جيڪا ساڳئي نالي ڊي سي مزاحيا ڪردار تي ٺهيل آهي، جنهن کي وارنر برادرز، پڪچرز ورهايو (ڊسٽريبيوٽ) ڪيو آهي.<ref>[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=wonderwoman.htm Wonder Woman (2017) - Box Office Mojo<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> فلم جي اسڪرپٽ ڊڪي ڪامڪس منجهان ساڳئي نالي سان هڪ ئي شخص تي ٺهيل آهي. فلم کي سينيما دنيا جي مزاحيا پٽي (ڪامڪ اسٽرپ) جو چوٿون حصو مڃيو وڃي ٿو. گال گڊوتس راجڪماري ڊيانا / حيرت انگيز استري (مائي)، ڪرس پائن، ڪيين نيلسن، رابن رائٽ، ڊيني هيوسٽن، ڊيوڊ ٽائولس، اِيو برمينر ۽ لسي ڊيوس جي ڪردار ۾ ڪردار نڀائي رهيا آهن. حيرت انگيز عورت اِن ڪردار جي پهرئين الڳ سينيما خصوصيت آهي جيڪا سينيما ۾ اسڪرين تي هلي آهي.اهو ڌيان ڏنو وڃي ته اهو ڪردار [[سپرمين بمقابلو بٽمين:انصاف جو اڀار|سپرمين جي خلاف بيٽمئن(چمڙوماڻهو) دي رائز آف جسٽس (2016)]] فلم ۾ هيو.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/wonder-woman-review-roundup-critics-dc-superman-batman-a7762471.html Wonder Woman review roundup - Critics conclude Patty Jenkins' film better than Batman v Superman | The Independent<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == داستان == حيرت انگيز مائي (عورت) کان اڳ، هيءَ اميزنس جي راڄڪماري ڊيانا،هڪ ناقابلِ شڪست وير بڻجڻ جي لاءِ تيار هئي. هڪ محفوظ جنت ٻيٽ تي نڇائي وڃي ٿي، جڏهن هڪ پائليٽ سندن سامونڊي ڪناري تي جهاز تباهه ڪري ٿو ۽ ٻاهرئين دنيا ۾ هڪڙو وڏو تڪرار وجهي ٿو، ڊيانا اطمينان سان پنهنجو گهرتياڳي (ڇڏي) ٿي، ته هوء خطري کي روڪي سگهي ٿي. تمام جنگجوئن جي خاتمي لاءِ ويجهي ماڻهوءَ سان وڙهي ٿي، ڊيانا پنهنجيون ڪُل شڪتيون (طاقتون) ۽ کيس سندس حقيقي پيش گوئي ارادو ملي وڃي ٿو. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:2017 فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:حيرت انگيز عورت فلمون]] [[زمرو:سپرهيروئن فلمون]] [[زمرو:LCCN سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون]] iruu0uqmjfqlmufbpp29opatmp9rewf 10 42587 375450 118052 2026-05-02T17:47:38Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:For Loop|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> hejtwp0ikw6od1xtfbaln06lnozl5md 375471 375450 2026-05-02T18:43:04Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke: ForLoop|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> j0lztmuzj2fy9qn0vewivunred4fhvk 375472 375471 2026-05-02T18:44:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:For Loop|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> hejtwp0ikw6od1xtfbaln06lnozl5md 375473 375472 2026-05-02T18:46:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:For loop|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 26pm0milru0ru69zbzxe1y37xwy9bg7 828 42588 375448 118053 2026-05-02T17:43:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 375448 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.templatemain(frame) return p.main(frame:newChild{title = "Template:For_loop"}) end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "", true) or not mw.isSubsting() local variableParam = args.pv variableParam = tonumber(variableParam) or variableParam or 1 -- fix for positional parameters local variableValPrefix = args.prefix or '' local variableValPostfix = args.postfix or '' local sep = args[1] or '' local constantArgs = p.getConstants(args) local variableVals = p.getVariableVals(args) local result = '' local addSeparator = false; for _, v in ipairs(variableVals) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if #v > 0 or not yesno(args.skipBlanks) then if addSeparator then result = result .. sep end addSeparator = true; local targs = constantArgs targs[variableParam] = variableValPrefix .. v .. variableValPostfix if calltemplates then local output = p.callTemplate(template, targs) if #mw.text.trim(output) == 0 then addSeparator = false end result = result .. output else local makeTemplate = require('Module:Template invocation').invocation result = result .. makeTemplate(template, targs) end end end return result end function p.getConstants(args) local constantArgNums = p.getArgNums(args, 'pc', 'n') local constantArgs = {} for _, num in ipairs(constantArgNums) do local keyArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'n' local valArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'v' local key = args[keyArg] key = tonumber(key) or key local value = args[valArg] constantArgs[key] = value end return constantArgs end function p.getVariableVals(args) local variableVals = {} if args.start or args.stop or args.by then if args[2] then error("Both start/stop/by and numbered parameters specified") end local start = tonumber(args.start or 1) local stop = tonumber(args.stop or 1) local by = tonumber(args.by or 1) for i = start, stop, by do variableVals [#variableVals + 1] = i end else for i, v in ipairs(args) do if i ~= 1 then variableVals[i - 1] = v end end end return variableVals end function p.getArgNums(args, prefix, suffix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix and suffix. local nums = {} local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' for k, _ in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match(pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end function p.callTemplate(template, targs) return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = template, args = targs} end return p 3vczdtsoi79wslpamhz4wcf4ti3y68c 375451 375448 2026-05-02T17:49:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[ماڊيول:ForLoop]] کي [[ماڊيول:For Loop]] ڏانھن چوريو 375448 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.templatemain(frame) return p.main(frame:newChild{title = "Template:For_loop"}) end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "", true) or not mw.isSubsting() local variableParam = args.pv variableParam = tonumber(variableParam) or variableParam or 1 -- fix for positional parameters local variableValPrefix = args.prefix or '' local variableValPostfix = args.postfix or '' local sep = args[1] or '' local constantArgs = p.getConstants(args) local variableVals = p.getVariableVals(args) local result = '' local addSeparator = false; for _, v in ipairs(variableVals) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if #v > 0 or not yesno(args.skipBlanks) then if addSeparator then result = result .. sep end addSeparator = true; local targs = constantArgs targs[variableParam] = variableValPrefix .. v .. variableValPostfix if calltemplates then local output = p.callTemplate(template, targs) if #mw.text.trim(output) == 0 then addSeparator = false end result = result .. output else local makeTemplate = require('Module:Template invocation').invocation result = result .. makeTemplate(template, targs) end end end return result end function p.getConstants(args) local constantArgNums = p.getArgNums(args, 'pc', 'n') local constantArgs = {} for _, num in ipairs(constantArgNums) do local keyArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'n' local valArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'v' local key = args[keyArg] key = tonumber(key) or key local value = args[valArg] constantArgs[key] = value end return constantArgs end function p.getVariableVals(args) local variableVals = {} if args.start or args.stop or args.by then if args[2] then error("Both start/stop/by and numbered parameters specified") end local start = tonumber(args.start or 1) local stop = tonumber(args.stop or 1) local by = tonumber(args.by or 1) for i = start, stop, by do variableVals [#variableVals + 1] = i end else for i, v in ipairs(args) do if i ~= 1 then variableVals[i - 1] = v end end end return variableVals end function p.getArgNums(args, prefix, suffix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix and suffix. local nums = {} local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' for k, _ in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match(pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end function p.callTemplate(template, targs) return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = template, args = targs} end return p 3vczdtsoi79wslpamhz4wcf4ti3y68c 375469 375451 2026-05-02T18:41:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali [[ماڊيول:For Loop]] کي [[ماڊيول:ForLoop]] ڏانھن ريڊائريڪٽ مٿان چوريو 375448 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.templatemain(frame) return p.main(frame:newChild{title = "Template:For_loop"}) end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "", true) or not mw.isSubsting() local variableParam = args.pv variableParam = tonumber(variableParam) or variableParam or 1 -- fix for positional parameters local variableValPrefix = args.prefix or '' local variableValPostfix = args.postfix or '' local sep = args[1] or '' local constantArgs = p.getConstants(args) local variableVals = p.getVariableVals(args) local result = '' local addSeparator = false; for _, v in ipairs(variableVals) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if #v > 0 or not yesno(args.skipBlanks) then if addSeparator then result = result .. sep end addSeparator = true; local targs = constantArgs targs[variableParam] = variableValPrefix .. v .. variableValPostfix if calltemplates then local output = p.callTemplate(template, targs) if #mw.text.trim(output) == 0 then addSeparator = false end result = result .. output else local makeTemplate = require('Module:Template invocation').invocation result = result .. makeTemplate(template, targs) end end end return result end function p.getConstants(args) local constantArgNums = p.getArgNums(args, 'pc', 'n') local constantArgs = {} for _, num in ipairs(constantArgNums) do local keyArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'n' local valArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'v' local key = args[keyArg] key = tonumber(key) or key local value = args[valArg] constantArgs[key] = value end return constantArgs end function p.getVariableVals(args) local variableVals = {} if args.start or args.stop or args.by then if args[2] then error("Both start/stop/by and numbered parameters specified") end local start = tonumber(args.start or 1) local stop = tonumber(args.stop or 1) local by = tonumber(args.by or 1) for i = start, stop, by do variableVals [#variableVals + 1] = i end else for i, v in ipairs(args) do if i ~= 1 then variableVals[i - 1] = v end end end return variableVals end function p.getArgNums(args, prefix, suffix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix and suffix. local nums = {} local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' for k, _ in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match(pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end function p.callTemplate(template, targs) return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = template, args = targs} end return p 3vczdtsoi79wslpamhz4wcf4ti3y68c 14 44459 375340 375289 2026-05-02T12:08:21Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{اصل مضمون|حوالو|article=حوالو}} {{زمرو ڪامنز}} * [[وڪيپيڊيا:مواد/حوالا]] * [[تشريح]] * [[هيش ٽيگ]] [[زمرو:اطلاع]] [[زمرو:ڄاڻ]] [[زمرو:لائبريري سائنس]] [[زمرو:اصل مقالو جماعت بندي]] itruah0d4n0ctb824wqbw25b5y347ev 10 46578 375554 364375 2026-05-03T01:12:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِڪائي'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِڪائي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِڪائين جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِڪائين'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} ==Units to convert== {{hatnote|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Complete list of units for {{tlf|Convert}}]]}} Enter units to convert ''from''&nbsp;''into'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10⁻³), and "M" for mega (10⁶) :For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha :For three-unit units etc.: see {{cl|Convert-like templates}} ==Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): ''1 pound'' or ''1 lb''?== By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} Using {{para|abbr|in}} is the ''reverse behaviour'' to the default: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} To abbreviate both or neither: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use {{para|abbr|unit}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} ===Convenience: {{tlf|cvt}} has {{para|abbr|on}} by default=== Template {{tl|cvt}} is the same as {{tlf|convert}}, except that it has {{para|abbr|on}} as the default behaviour. In {{tlf|cvt}}, all other options are available. So: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} is equivalent to: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ==Adjective: ''a 10-mile distance''== Use {{para|adj|on}} to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. Even with {{para|abbr|on}}, as per [[MOS:UNITSYMBOLS|MoS]] no hyphen is produced with unit symbols. =={{anchor|Rounding}}Rounding: ''100 ft'' is ''30&nbsp;m'' or ''30.5&nbsp;m'' or ''30.48&nbsp;m''?== {{hatnote|See [[Help:Convert#Rounding]] for a more mathematical description of the rounding options}} By definition, 100&nbsp;ft equals {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities. ===Default rounding=== By {{tlf|Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is ''rounding temperatures'' (see [[#Rounding temperatures|below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Examples of rounding |- |'''Input'''||'''Displays as'''||'''Note''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || same output as with 0 (below) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 37.4904 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 152.4 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> ''Convert'' supports four types of rounding: ===Round to a given precision: ''use a precision number''=== Specify the desired precision with the ''fourth unnamed parameter'' (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of {{frac|10}} to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234. ===Round to a given number of significant figures: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== To specify the output number to be with ''n'' significant figures use {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} Setting {{para|sigfig}} to a value less than 1 is meaningless: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} ===Round to a multiple of 5: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ...=== Using {{para|round|5}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} Similar: using {{para|round|25}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} In a range, one can round ''each value'' individually to the default. Use {{para|round|each}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>Round to a multiple of a given fraction: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch''=== Specify the desired ''denominator'' using {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}}. ([[Fraction (mathematics)|Denominator]] is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in {{frac|1|3}}). * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} The fraction is reduced when possible: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} Default behaviour uses decimal notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}Rounding temperatures: ''°C'', ''°F'' and ''K''=== In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise. #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is ''made'' three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the [[significant figures]] yourself with {{para|sigfig}}: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} or you set the precision ''positionally'', relative to the decimal point (zero being ''at'' the decimal point): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion. ===Rounding input=== There is limited support for rounding the displayed ''input'' number. The rounding takes place ''after'' conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding. To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} Note that there is no {{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature. The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (precisions are mismatched) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (double rounding) ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 26zch2xzgiccke75rmaqquuxt8w35lp 375555 375554 2026-05-03T01:17:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} ==Units to convert== {{hatnote|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Complete list of units for {{tlf|Convert}}]]}} Enter units to convert ''from''&nbsp;''into'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10⁻³), and "M" for mega (10⁶) :For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha :For three-unit units etc.: see {{cl|Convert-like templates}} ==Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): ''1 pound'' or ''1 lb''?== By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} Using {{para|abbr|in}} is the ''reverse behaviour'' to the default: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} To abbreviate both or neither: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use {{para|abbr|unit}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} ===Convenience: {{tlf|cvt}} has {{para|abbr|on}} by default=== Template {{tl|cvt}} is the same as {{tlf|convert}}, except that it has {{para|abbr|on}} as the default behaviour. In {{tlf|cvt}}, all other options are available. So: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} is equivalent to: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} ==Adjective: ''a 10-mile distance''== Use {{para|adj|on}} to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. Even with {{para|abbr|on}}, as per [[MOS:UNITSYMBOLS|MoS]] no hyphen is produced with unit symbols. =={{anchor|Rounding}}Rounding: ''100 ft'' is ''30&nbsp;m'' or ''30.5&nbsp;m'' or ''30.48&nbsp;m''?== {{hatnote|See [[Help:Convert#Rounding]] for a more mathematical description of the rounding options}} By definition, 100&nbsp;ft equals {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities. ===Default rounding=== By {{tlf|Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is ''rounding temperatures'' (see [[#Rounding temperatures|below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Examples of rounding |- |'''Input'''||'''Displays as'''||'''Note''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || same output as with 0 (below) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 37.4904 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 152.4 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> ''Convert'' supports four types of rounding: ===Round to a given precision: ''use a precision number''=== Specify the desired precision with the ''fourth unnamed parameter'' (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of {{frac|10}} to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234. ===Round to a given number of significant figures: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== To specify the output number to be with ''n'' significant figures use {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} Setting {{para|sigfig}} to a value less than 1 is meaningless: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} ===Round to a multiple of 5: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ...=== Using {{para|round|5}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} Similar: using {{para|round|25}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} In a range, one can round ''each value'' individually to the default. Use {{para|round|each}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>Round to a multiple of a given fraction: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch''=== Specify the desired ''denominator'' using {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}}. ([[Fraction (mathematics)|Denominator]] is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in {{frac|1|3}}). * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} The fraction is reduced when possible: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} Default behaviour uses decimal notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}Rounding temperatures: ''°C'', ''°F'' and ''K''=== In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise. #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is ''made'' three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the [[significant figures]] yourself with {{para|sigfig}}: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} or you set the precision ''positionally'', relative to the decimal point (zero being ''at'' the decimal point): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion. ===Rounding input=== There is limited support for rounding the displayed ''input'' number. The rounding takes place ''after'' conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding. To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} Note that there is no {{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature. The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (precisions are mismatched) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (double rounding) ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> cjmic7xum9sv8dt8eczen9mtbe4sf2p 375556 375555 2026-05-03T01:17:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 375556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} ==Units to convert== {{hatnote|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Complete list of units for {{tlf|Convert}}]]}} Enter units to convert ''from''&nbsp;''into'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10⁻³), and "M" for mega (10⁶) :For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha :For three-unit units etc.: see {{cl|Convert-like templates}} ==Unit name or symbol (abbreviation): ''1 pound'' or ''1 lb''?== By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} Using {{para|abbr|in}} is the ''reverse behaviour'' to the default: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} To abbreviate both or neither: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use {{para|abbr|unit}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} ===Convenience: {{tlf|cvt}} has {{para|abbr|on}} by default=== Template {{tl|cvt}} is the same as {{tlf|convert}}, except that it has {{para|abbr|on}} as the default behaviour. In {{tlf|cvt}}, all other options are available. So: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} is equivalent to: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} Use {{para|adj|on}} to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. Even with {{para|abbr|on}}, as per [[MOS:UNITSYMBOLS|MoS]] no hyphen is produced with unit symbols. =={{anchor|Rounding}}Rounding: ''100 ft'' is ''30&nbsp;m'' or ''30.5&nbsp;m'' or ''30.48&nbsp;m''?== {{hatnote|See [[Help:Convert#Rounding]] for a more mathematical description of the rounding options}} By definition, 100&nbsp;ft equals {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities. ===Default rounding=== By {{tlf|Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is ''rounding temperatures'' (see [[#Rounding temperatures|below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Examples of rounding |- |'''Input'''||'''Displays as'''||'''Note''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || same output as with 0 (below) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 37.4904 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 152.4 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> ''Convert'' supports four types of rounding: ===Round to a given precision: ''use a precision number''=== Specify the desired precision with the ''fourth unnamed parameter'' (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of {{frac|10}} to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234. ===Round to a given number of significant figures: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== To specify the output number to be with ''n'' significant figures use {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} Setting {{para|sigfig}} to a value less than 1 is meaningless: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} ===Round to a multiple of 5: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ...=== Using {{para|round|5}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} Similar: using {{para|round|25}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} In a range, one can round ''each value'' individually to the default. Use {{para|round|each}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>Round to a multiple of a given fraction: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch''=== Specify the desired ''denominator'' using {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}}. ([[Fraction (mathematics)|Denominator]] is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in {{frac|1|3}}). * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} The fraction is reduced when possible: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} Default behaviour uses decimal notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}Rounding temperatures: ''°C'', ''°F'' and ''K''=== In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise. #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is ''made'' three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the [[significant figures]] yourself with {{para|sigfig}}: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} or you set the precision ''positionally'', relative to the decimal point (zero being ''at'' the decimal point): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion. ===Rounding input=== There is limited support for rounding the displayed ''input'' number. The rounding takes place ''after'' conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding. To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} Note that there is no {{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature. The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (precisions are mismatched) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (double rounding) ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> sapvg2b2b8zwzpkcon3wv4ouugkdvuy 375557 375556 2026-05-03T01:17:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 375557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} ==Units to convert== {{hatnote|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Complete list of units for {{tlf|Convert}}]]}} Enter units to convert ''from''&nbsp;''into'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :SI units generally accept prefixes, like "m" for milli (10⁻³), and "M" for mega (10⁶) :For "per" units, use "/" (slash): kg/ha :For three-unit units etc.: see {{cl|Convert-like templates}} By default, the first quantity shows unit name, the second shows the symbol (or abbreviation): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} Using {{para|abbr|in}} is the ''reverse behaviour'' to the default: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} To abbreviate both or neither: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} When using scientific notation, the default is for the second (converted) quantity to be displayed using scientific notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} To display thousands, millions, etc., while abbreviating both input and output units use {{para|abbr|unit}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} ===Convenience: {{tlf|cvt}} has {{para|abbr|on}} by default=== Template {{tl|cvt}} is the same as {{tlf|convert}}, except that it has {{para|abbr|on}} as the default behaviour. In {{tlf|cvt}}, all other options are available. So: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} is equivalent to: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} Use {{para|adj|on}} to produce the adjectival (hyphenated) form: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. Even with {{para|abbr|on}}, as per [[MOS:UNITSYMBOLS|MoS]] no hyphen is produced with unit symbols. =={{anchor|Rounding}}Rounding: ''100 ft'' is ''30&nbsp;m'' or ''30.5&nbsp;m'' or ''30.48&nbsp;m''?== {{hatnote|See [[Help:Convert#Rounding]] for a more mathematical description of the rounding options}} By definition, 100&nbsp;ft equals {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities. ===Default rounding=== By {{tlf|Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is ''rounding temperatures'' (see [[#Rounding temperatures|below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Examples of rounding |- |'''Input'''||'''Displays as'''||'''Note''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || same output as with 0 (below) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 37.4904 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 152.4 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> ''Convert'' supports four types of rounding: ===Round to a given precision: ''use a precision number''=== Specify the desired precision with the ''fourth unnamed parameter'' (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of {{frac|10}} to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234. ===Round to a given number of significant figures: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== To specify the output number to be with ''n'' significant figures use {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} Setting {{para|sigfig}} to a value less than 1 is meaningless: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} ===Round to a multiple of 5: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ...=== Using {{para|round|5}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} Similar: using {{para|round|25}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} In a range, one can round ''each value'' individually to the default. Use {{para|round|each}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>Round to a multiple of a given fraction: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch''=== Specify the desired ''denominator'' using {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}}. ([[Fraction (mathematics)|Denominator]] is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in {{frac|1|3}}). * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} The fraction is reduced when possible: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} Default behaviour uses decimal notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}Rounding temperatures: ''°C'', ''°F'' and ''K''=== In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise. #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is ''made'' three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the [[significant figures]] yourself with {{para|sigfig}}: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} or you set the precision ''positionally'', relative to the decimal point (zero being ''at'' the decimal point): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion. ===Rounding input=== There is limited support for rounding the displayed ''input'' number. The rounding takes place ''after'' conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding. To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} Note that there is no {{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature. The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (precisions are mismatched) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (double rounding) ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> mbd9mlksvnmpcd9c8cs0q760z2mq0o1 375558 375557 2026-05-03T01:18:50Z Intisar Ali 8681 375558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. =={{anchor|Rounding}}Rounding: ''100 ft'' is ''30&nbsp;m'' or ''30.5&nbsp;m'' or ''30.48&nbsp;m''?== {{hatnote|See [[Help:Convert#Rounding]] for a more mathematical description of the rounding options}} By definition, 100&nbsp;ft equals {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}. In practical use, it is common to round the calculated metric number. With that, there are several possibilities. ===Default rounding=== By {{tlf|Convert}} default, the conversion result will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value (the number of digits after the decimal point—or the negative of the number of non-significant zeroes before the point—is increased by one if the conversion is a multiplication by a number between 0.02 and 0.2, remains the same if the factor is between 0.2 and 2, is decreased by 1 if it is between 2 and 20, and so on) or to two significant digits, whichever is more precise. An exception to this is ''rounding temperatures'' (see [[#Rounding temperatures|below]]). {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | Examples of rounding |- |'''Input'''||'''Displays as'''||'''Note''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || same output as with 0 (below) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 37.4904 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || same output as with −1 (above), because the conversion factor is between 0.2 and 2 (hence, it should produce same double-zero precision (−2) as in the input value), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher single-zero precision (−1) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || exact value is 152.4 m |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || same output as with −3 (above), because the conversion factor is between 20 and 200 (hence, it should decrease input value's double-zero precision (−2) by 2), but the conversion must produce two significant digits at a minimum (hence, a higher triple-zero precision (−3) is used) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> ''Convert'' supports four types of rounding: ===Round to a given precision: ''use a precision number''=== Specify the desired precision with the ''fourth unnamed parameter'' (or third unnamed parameter if the "convert to" parameter is omitted; or fifth unnamed parameter if a range is specified; or fourth unnamed parameter again if a range is specified and the "convert to" parameter is omitted; needs to be replaced with a "precision" named parameter). The conversion is rounded off to the nearest multiple of {{frac|10}} to the power of this number. For instance, if the result is 8621 and the round number is "-2", the result will be 8600. If the result is "234.0283043" and the round number is "0", the result will be 234. ===Round to a given number of significant figures: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== To specify the output number to be with ''n'' significant figures use {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} Setting {{para|sigfig}} to a value less than 1 is meaningless: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} ===Round to a multiple of 5: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ...=== Using {{para|round|5}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 5. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} Similar: using {{para|round|25}} rounds the outcome to a multiple of 25. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} In a range, one can round ''each value'' individually to the default. Use {{para|round|each}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>Round to a multiple of a given fraction: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch''=== Specify the desired ''denominator'' using {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}}. ([[Fraction (mathematics)|Denominator]] is the below-the-slash number, for example the 3 in {{frac|1|3}}). * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} The fraction is reduced when possible: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} Default behaviour uses decimal notation: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}Rounding temperatures: ''°C'', ''°F'' and ''K''=== In temperatures, the conversion will be rounded either to the precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins, whichever is more precise. #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} The precision of the input number in example (1) is one digit, but the precision of its Kelvins expression is three, so the precision of the Fahrenheit conversion is ''made'' three (made 180...) . (1) and (2) seem to belie the fact that a {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}, and make the 32 degrees difference shown in (1) begin to seem off somehow. Result (1) seems off until you set the [[significant figures]] yourself with {{para|sigfig}}: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} or you set the precision ''positionally'', relative to the decimal point (zero being ''at'' the decimal point): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} The precision of the input number in example (2) is six, so the precision of the Fahrenheit output is, whereas before, Kelvins had determined it to be three. Examples (3) and (4) show how this can be hidden and generate questions, but it occurs there because the Kelvins conversion generated two fractional parts. (Before it was the input number that generated the fractional part.) In example (3) the three input digits converted into five significant output digits because of the two digits after the decimal point, generated by the Kelvins conversion. This happened again in (5), but in (6) decimal fractions were neither given as input nor induced by the Kelvins conversion. ===Rounding input=== There is limited support for rounding the displayed ''input'' number. The rounding takes place ''after'' conversion, so the output is based on the full-precision input. This is useful when the input is produced by {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} or otherwise available to a higher precision than is usefully displayed, and it's desirable to avoid double-rounding. To round the input to a specified number of digits after the decimal point, use one of the parameters: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} Note that there is no {{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} or similar for rounding above the decimal place. Neither is there support for significant figures, multiples of 5, or any other output-rounding feature. The default precision is computed based on the input, so an explicit output precision must usually be supplied: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (precisions are mismatched) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} In this case, if the input were rounded before conversion, a different result would be obtained: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (double rounding) ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 1jurbymypwikqmgo7r6g0lnnewyvcc2 375559 375558 2026-05-03T01:20:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 375559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. =={{anchor|Rounding}}گولائي (Rounding): ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟== {{hatnote|وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو [[Help:Convert#Rounding]]}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، عام طور نتيجي کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ان لاءِ ڪيترائي طريقا موجود آهن۔ ===ڊفالٽ گولائي=== {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، نتيجو يا ته ان پٽ جي درستگي مطابق (يعني اعشاري انگن جي تعداد يا غير اهم صفرن جي بنياد تي) يا گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻن اهم انگن تائين گول ڪيو ويندو آهي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ استثنا: ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' (هيٺ ڏسو)۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''ان پٽ'''||'''نتيجو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} || ساڳيو نتيجو جيئن 0 سان |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || اصل قدر 37.4904 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} || ساڳيو نتيجو جيئن −1 سان |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || اصل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} || ساڳيو نتيجو جيئن −3 سان |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |} ''Convert'' چار قسمن جي گولائي سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: ===مخصوص درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ=== چوٿين پيراميٽر سان درستگي مقرر ڪريو: نتيجو 10 جي طاقت جي بنياد تي گول ڪيو ويندو۔ مثال: 8621 → -2 تي 8600 234.028 → 0 تي 234 ===مخصوص اهم انگن تائين گولائي: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''=== * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} ===5 جي ضرب تي گولائي=== {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪندي نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تي ايندو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> ===ڪسر جي بنياد تي گولائي=== {{para|frac|}} سان ڪسر جو denominator ڏيو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> ==={{anchor|Rounding temperatures}}گرمي پد جي گولائي=== °C، °F ۽ K ۾: نتيجو يا ته ان پٽ جي درستگي مطابق يا kelvin جي لحاظ سان ٽي اهم انگن تائين گول ڪيو ويندو۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> rdmvdd82tof0va7yvt6xf02ovr654zc 375560 375559 2026-05-03T01:25:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 375560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. ==Ranges of values== {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> raw6sfuk9hn1irvenqey8fk4xy0c0by 375561 375560 2026-05-03T01:27:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 375561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ==Words== ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> juyh284iv4lanfm2yx77udvfpx9buep 375562 375561 2026-05-03T01:27:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 375562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ ==Into multiple units: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}''== Separate the multiple output units by a space: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} If the output unit names contain spaces, use <code>+</code> as the separator. See also: * For multiple-unit options like ''1 ft 5 in'', see {{section link||In input}} and {{section link||In output}}. {{For|a conversion of a difference|#Units of difference}} A ''range'' converts ''two'' values and separates them by your choice of words and punctuation. ===A range: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)''=== Range indicators are entered as the second parameter (between the values). Range separators can be:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} ===Multiple dimensions: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}''=== Use <code>by</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} Use <code>×</code>, multiplication sign, or <code>x</code>, letter: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} In science, the formal way is to set <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> and {{para|abbr|on}} (keeping dimensions right, like in ''area = x km²''): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} ===About ''feet, inch'' in ranges and multiples=== While it is possible to enter feet, inch in a simple conversion, this is not possible for ranges: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} ===Spelling of unit name: UK ''metre'' or US ''meter''?=== Default spelling of units is en-UK. To show en-US spelling, use {{para|sp|us}}: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''default'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===Spell out numbers: ''ten miles''=== To write a number in words, use {{para|spell|in}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} To spell out both in and out values, use {{para|spell|on}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} To make first letter a capital, use {{para|spell|In}}, {{para|spell|On}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} Remember that the spelling of the units (ft, m) is independently set by {{para|abbr|}}. To the extreme: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on|abbr=off|sp=us}} ===Inserted before units: ''4 planted acres''=== *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> is similar, but has no separator after the specified text, and can have different text for the output value: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} ===After adjective unit: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor''=== Note that two units (in this case, ft and m) are required. Use with just one unit will generate an error message. :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} ===Plurals: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches''=== The unit symbol is singular always. Depending on the preceding number only, a unit name can be shown plural. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;Exception: Entering the unit spelled <code>|foot|</code> forces singular output "foot", whatever the number is. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} ===Fractions: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint''=== The convert template also supports spelling out fractions. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} Any additional words needed for the fraction can also be added at the end of the template. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> ===Wrapping and line breaking=== :See {{section link|Help:Convert|Wrapping and line breaking}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> ke9lpxpt0h5u6jx6xw107gp4udbccv8 375563 375562 2026-05-03T01:32:00Z Intisar Ali 8681 375563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ==Output manipulation== ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> g6h5w99dweseeq02ddw1dnzrtbksaxu 375564 375563 2026-05-03T01:39:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 375564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==Numbers== ===Using an SI prefix: ''gigameter (Gm)'', or ''micrometer (&#x03BC;m)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} Units can have an [[metric prefix|SI prefix]] like <code>G</code> before the unit: <code>Gm</code>, and <code>giga</code> before the name: <code>gigameter</code>. These are plain multiplication factors. To illustrate, these are trivial calculations (from meter to meter), showing the multiplication factor: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} The prefix can be added before the SI unit (here: unit <code>m</code> for meter): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>&#x03BC;m</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} (letter "u" can be used for "&#x03BC;" here) The prefix can be used in the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} As an exception, the non-SI unit "inch" can have the "&#x03BC;" prefix too) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|&#x03BC;m|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|Help:Convert units#SI prefixes}} ===Engineering notation: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====In the unit: ''e6m''==== [[Engineering notation|Engineering number notations]] like ''7{{smallcaps|E}}6'' (for 7 × 10⁶) can be entered as a "prefix" to the unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} The same is possible for the output unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} Any standard unit (not a combination, multiple, or built-in unit) can have such a prefix: * <code>e3</code> (thousand), * <code>e6</code> (million), * <code>e9</code> (billion), * <code>e12</code> (trillion), * <code>e15</code> (quadrillion). ===Scientific notation: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== In [[scientific notation]], a number is written like {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}. The plain number has exactly one digit before the decimal point. With {{tlf|convert}}, the input can be in e-notation such as <code>12.3e4</code>. This value is displayed as a power of ten, and the output is displayed in scientific notation, except that an output value satisfying 0.01 <= v < 1000 is shown as a normal number. In addition, if the output value is 1000 and sigfig=4 is used, the value is displayed as a normal number. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===Input with fractions: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== The number to convert can be written in fractions. Both <code>/</code> (keyboard slash) and <code>⁄</code> (fraction slash) are accepted: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With positive [[mixed number]]s (a positive integer and a fraction), use a <code>+</code> sign *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} With negative mixed numbers, use a hyphen <code>-</code> and repeat it: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} Note that the following cases are not interpreted as mixed numbers: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}. This is interpreted as a range from 2 inches to 1⁄2 inch. *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} This is neither a mixed number nor a range, and mathematical expressions requiring calculations are not allowed here. ===Output with horizontal fraction bar in: ''{{sfrac|1|2}}&nbsp;inch''=== <!-- technical restriction: TOC does not show the example horizontal bar intended here; rephrased section title--> Using a double slash (<code>//</code>) returns a horizontal bar fraction: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===Thousands separator: ''1,000 mi'' or ''1000 mi''=== In input, a comma for thousands separator is accepted but not required; a gap (space) is not accepted. In output, by default, the thousand separator is the comma: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} Set {{para|comma|off}} to remove the separator from the output: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} Use {{para|comma|gaps}} to use digit grouping by gap (thin space) as a thousands separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} Setting {{para|comma|5}} will only add the separator when the number of digits is 5 or more: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft}} ===Brackets and separators: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== Punctuation that distinguishes the two measurements is set by {{para|disp|}}.<br/> Options are: <code>b</code> <small>(the default)</small>, <code>sqbr</code>, <code>comma</code>, <code>or</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>x{{!}}…</code>: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} Setting {{para|disp|br}} will force a new line (<code>&lt;br/></code>) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} Also {{para|disp|br()}} will force a new line, and keep the brackets (useful in tables): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} Setting {{para|disp|x{{!}}…}} allows any text as separator: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_MyText_}} <small>(To display spaces, use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>)</small> <!--todo: works for multiple freetexts too! |disp=x|TextA|TextB --> ===Flipping (reordering) the two measurements: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}'' === Setting {{para|order|flip}} will flip (swap) the two measurements: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}<!-- Extra settings added to enhance the illustration. Don't know if this is ideal way of documenting. DePiep, August 2014. --> Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} When converting to multiple units, the effect is: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|mi nmi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|km|nmi mi|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===Fixed ordering of output units: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}'' === Setting {{para|order|out}} shows the output-units as ordered; the input unit is skipped: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|200|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|order=out}} ''See also: [[Template:Convert#Displaying_parts_of_the_result:_2_(1.5)|§ Displaying parts of the output]]''. === Displaying parts of the result: ''{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}''=== It is possible to display only parts of the conversion result: <!-- todo: describe effect of order=flip ("out" means 1st or 2nd measurement?) --> {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} | Regular output (for comparison) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> | {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || Input and output numbers |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} | Input unit |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit|adj=on}} | Input unit, adjective (hyphenated) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|cuyd|disp=out}} || Input (''workaround''. {{nowrap|1=Note repetition of unit in input}}) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=~}} | Input: both name and symbol |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || Output unit (symbol) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2|abbr=off}} || Output unit (name) |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} | Output value |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} | Output value and unit name |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out|abbr=off}} | Output value and unit symbol |} ===Display both input name and symbol: ''2 kilopascals [kPa]''=== Setting {{para|abbr|~}} returns both name and symbol of the first (input) unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 0i9kxw95sysd1ncxzysi44ntma5pig2 375565 375564 2026-05-03T01:39:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 375565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==Table options== For the [[Help:Table/Manual tables|wikitable]] structure, there are three options: add a line-break, split the result over columns and make the table sortable. ===Enforced line break=== {{para|disp|br}} adds a line-break and omits brackets. {{para|disp|br()}} adds a line-break and does add brackets to the converted value. This may be useful in tables: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} ===Table columns showing numbers only=== Using {convert} in a table cell, with {{para|disp|table}} splits the result over two columns: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} does the same, and also centers the text: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → ::<code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> The units are added as a column header: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | m ! style="width:10em;" | ft |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;other>}} <small>(default)</small> |{{convert|30|m|ft|disp=}} |} ===Sorting=== Use {{para|sortable|on}} to include a ''hidden numerical sortkey'' in the output, suitable for use in a [[Help:Sorting|table with sortable columns]]. Technically, this places a hidden string before the actual displayed values: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ &lt;span style="display:none">}}7001100000000000000<wbr />&lt;/span>10 metres (33&amp;nbsp;ft) Use both {{para|disp|table}} and {{para|sortable|on}} together to produce table columns (pipe symbols) for each value in sortable columns: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! ft |- | A | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} The generated sortkey is calculated in a consistent way based on both the value and its unit as passed to the convert template. In most cases convert uses the passed value converted to SI base units. It is therefore not necessarily the displayed value or other alternate units and is calculated regardless of output format options. Using different units or different order of units in individual rows should therefore not lead to incorrect sorting, although variations in rounding can give surprising results, since an unrounded number is used for the sortkey. ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 47y7r8nnfw05lb4p9lmfzz7ol14rj4m 375571 375565 2026-05-03T01:55:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 375571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ==Units== The conversion factors and physical constants are sourced [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|here]]. ===All units=== {{selfref|See also: [[Template:Convert/list of units|Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|Units are case-sensitive: use {{xt|kW}}, not {{!xt|KW}} or {{!xt|kw}}}} <div style="height: 400px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px; border: 1px solid #aaa;"> {{Convert/list of units}} </div> ==='per' units: ''kg/hl''=== When using a slash (<code>/</code>), a unit like <code>kg/hl</code> is recognized as kilograms ''per'' hectolitre and will be converted with other mass/volume units. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/hl}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/hl}} ==={{anchor|Units of difference}}Units of difference: Expressing a change or difference in temperature=== We have already discussed standard temperature conversions (°C, °F, K), as shown in these two examples: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (standard temperature conversion) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C}} (standard temperature range conversion) When expressing a temperature ''change'' (e.g., "The temperature ''increased'' by 10&nbsp;°C"), or when ''comparing'' temperatures (e.g., "10 to 15&nbsp;°C ''warmer''"), we cannot use the standard temperature units ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} and {{para||K}}), which refer to points on the respective scale. Instead, we must use one of the following "units of difference": {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} and {{para||K-change}}. Compare the following two examples with the two above: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} increase in temperature * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10–15|C-change}} warmer than normal To produce multiple units in the output: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} difference ===Multiple units: ''1 ft 5 in''=== ====In input==== Base document {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} lists options for ''multiple unit input'' (like <code>ft,in</code>). It can catch predefined sets only (units that can be subdivided; e.g., yd into ft): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ====In output==== Available multiple-unit output options predefined, like <code>ftin</code> and <code>ydftin</code>. The full list is at {{slink|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}}. * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}, using a space, returns the decimal point Default behaviour, for comparison: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} See also: * {{tl|hands}} a length used to measure horses * {{tl|Long ton}} a weight in ton, cwt, qr and lb <!-- todo: mention the 0-3 limits --> ===Currency per unit: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km''=== Using currency symbols in a ''$ per unit'' value, you can convert the per-unit: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km}} You can set the currency in ''both'' values using {{para|$|€}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} It is ''not'' possible to convert the currency. So, this result (mixed currencies) is ''not'' possible: {{!mxt|1=$15 per mile (€8.6/km)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> rxal37f98bcyfn8eg1r38q7gd2khcu5 375572 375571 2026-05-03T01:57:45Z Intisar Ali 8681 375572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ، ٽن، سي ڊبليو ٽي، ڪيو آر ۽ پائونڊ ۾ ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 4bnb9t1x56ypu4252v6ohxwb8ybf3go 375573 375572 2026-05-03T02:03:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 375573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} ==Using convert inside templates== For usage in template code, like infoboxes, {{tlf|Convert}} has these options: ;Pre-formatting fraction input * [[Module:Convert/helper]] can read regular input and pre-format it into {{tlf|Convert}}-accepted input. :Your template can accept {{para|input|16 7/8}} and use <nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> &rarr; {{#invoke:Convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;Using a Wikidata property * Adding the Wikidata property code, like code {{para|input|P2073}}, to your template code automatically returns the Wikidata property for that article, and convert it. Both number and unit are read. Note: to return that property value for an ''other'' article, use {{para|qid}}. Example for {{Wikidata property link|P2073}}: Note: this example uses {{para|qid|Q1056131}} (testing for {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}) * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :For example see [[template:Infobox Telescope]]. ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 6oj9n9pabr7spxrtuwd0oug9x0cxpr8 375574 375573 2026-05-03T02:05:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 375574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر convert جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 4yjpghebjwxqlfyt966wrfiib2ffnwk 375575 375574 2026-05-03T02:08:32Z Intisar Ali 8681 375575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر convert جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} ==Deprecated options== {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> eodvqsdqm1fixsdz3v6zcq57zx33kgb 375576 375575 2026-05-03T02:08:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 375576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر convert جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> ==See also== * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> tdf8hoad7e77riufr3tqdcngfl5pcc2 375577 375576 2026-05-03T02:09:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 375577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر convert جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> tbcsz8t1b0mrtb8ltipwavvl7ik293c 375578 375577 2026-05-03T02:09:32Z Intisar Ali 8681 375578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} ==Parameter list== {{convert/doc/parameter list}} {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "Converts measurements to other units.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Value", "description": "The value to convert.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "From unit", "description": "The unit for the provided value.", "type": "string/line", "example": "km", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "To units", "description": "The units to convert into. Separate units by a space for multiple outputs. In an output unit, use + for a multiplication space.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "Precision or suffix", "description":"Significant digits after decimal dot or, if negative, exponent of ten.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "Link units", "description": "Indication of what units to apply wikilinks to. Use “on” for all, “in” for the input unit, “out” for the output units, or “off” for none of the units.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "abbr": { "label": "Abbreviation", "description": "Display for the units: “on” to display all units using their unit symbols, “off” to display all units in full words, “in” to display the unit symbol for the input unit, “out” to display the unit symbols for the output units, “unit” to display unit symbols for both input and output units when using scientific notation, “values” for no units at all (neither unit symbols nor full words of units).", "default": "out", "type": "string" }, "sp": { "label": "Spelling", "description": "Spelling of units. Use “us” to display unit names using U.S. spelling.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "Adjective", "description": "Whether to use adjectival form. Use “on” for singular unit name appended by a hyphen, “mid” to put conversion at end, or “off” (default) for no adjectival form.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on", "default": "off" }, "disp": { "label": "Conversion", "description": "Display conversion result: “or”: after ‘or’, “x”: with custom prefix and suffix, “b”: in parentheses, “table”/“tablecen”, “output only”: alone, “output number only”: alone and without unit, “unit”: not at all but input unit; if the value is a number it is used as precision.", "type": "string", "example": "b" }, "order": { "label": "Ordering", "description": "“flip” returns converted value first, input value second.", "type": "string", "example": "flip" }, "sigfig": { "label": "Significant figures", "description": "Indicates the number of significant figures to be used in rounding.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "Rounding output", "description": "The type of rounding. “5” rounds the output number to nearest multiple of 5, “25” to nearest multiple of 25, “each” rounds each number in a range.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "Thousands separator", "description": "Sets or suppresses the use of thousands separators in the numbers. “off”: no separator; “gaps”: use space instead of comma as thousands separator; “5” and “gaps5”: only add thousands separator when the integral part of the number uses 5 positions or more (10,000 or more; if using comma as thousands separator, 1234 would produce '1234', 12345 would produce '12,345').", "default": "on", "type": "string", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "Sort key", "description": "“on” generates a hidden sort key", "type": "string", "example": "on" }, "spell": {} }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> <!--''to be added'' ==Glossary== ;unit code : ;unit symbol : --> * {{Temp|Cvt}} * {{Temp|SI units}} {{Convert navs}} <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز جي لحاظ کان بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[زمرو:بدلائڻ وارا سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:تبديلي سانچا]] [[زمرو:لفظن جي تبديلي ڳڻت سانچا]] [[زمرو:ڇنڊڇاڻ سانچا]] }}</includeonl> 0b8zyedwc9wo5iyr7nym48ivql35jmw 375579 375578 2026-05-03T02:09:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 375579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==TemplateData== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> kwwc14fy3w7pwtrwn2i2kfcnxp9n01i 375580 375579 2026-05-03T02:10:43Z Intisar Ali 8681 375580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال * پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> → &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب * [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> 7ww1jprq0mx0yh2iywsub6sadwzgpu1 375586 375580 2026-05-03T02:27:24Z Intisar Ali 8681 375586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ شامل ڪرڻ سان لاڳاپيل مضمون مان وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت پڙهي سگهجي ٿي ۽ پوءِ ان کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي، جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}۔ * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> 7fwvomgs2wdzgv7tqrgb0hh6z8uvo6r 375587 375586 2026-05-03T02:35:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 375587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> →    {{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ شامل ڪرڻ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، توهان جي سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ پاڻمرادو انهيءَ مضمون لاءِ وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت واپس ڪندو، ۽ ان کي تبديل ڪندو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|{{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid={{get QID|Cessna 208 Caravan}}|ftin|abbr=on}} <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}} <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}} :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي (جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}) {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}} {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}} Fix == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> 8aw3aspvsfds14vy8twphm3v4jt9bj1 375588 375587 2026-05-03T02:37:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال */ 375588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> →    {{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، سانچي جي ڪوڊ ۾ شامل ڪرڻ سان لاڳاپيل مضمون مان وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت پڙهي سگهجي ٿي ۽ پوءِ ان کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ عدد ۽ يونٽ ٻئي پڙهيا ويندا۔ نوٽ: ڪنهن ''ٻئي'' مضمون لاءِ اها خاصيت حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|qid}} استعمال ڪريو۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2073}} لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1056131}}: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪنهن خاصيت وٽ وڪي ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ توهان {{para|qual}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ته جيئن چونڊي سگهو ته ڪهڙو قدر استعمال ڪرڻو آهي۔ مثال {{Wikidata property link|P2386}} لاءِ: نوٽ: هن مثال ۾ {{para|qid|Q1513315}} استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي، جاچ لاءِ {{Wikidata entity link|Q1513315}}۔ * {{Wikidata entity link|Q613628}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * {{Wikidata entity link|Q1395645}}: <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> jt4s30bhp38rvr26fxaq198eolhrhm5 375589 375588 2026-05-03T02:39:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال */ 375589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|ڪرنسي تبديلي|سانچو:To USD|سانچو:To EUR}} {{For|افراطِ زر تبديلي|سانچو:Inflation}} {{Documentation subpage}}<!-- Template convert transclusions 2014-09-05 673940 2014-12-16 693141 2015-01-28 700000 2015-08-31 736989 2016-05-25 789091 2016-11-17 832994 2017-07-29 872000 2017-12-15 902231 2018-12-27 957770 2019-01-12 960769 2019-10-26 995152 2019-01-01 by TDmonthly error report: Page [article] count: 651064; Transclusion count: 2878293 --> {{High-use}} {{Transwiki guide |small=yes |text=ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/Transwiki guide|'''هي ڄاڻ''']] هن سانچي کي ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪري استعمال ڪرڻ ۽ ان ۾ ترميم ڪرڻ بابت۔}} {{Lua|Module:Convert}} '''سانچو {{tl|convert}}''' ماپ جي هڪ مقدار (''عدد × اِيڪو'') کي ساڳي ماپ جي ٻي اِيڪي ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو، ۽ پوءِ نتيجو مناسب نموني سان پيش ڪري ٿو۔ پڻ ڏسو [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|هن سانچي پاران سڃاتل اِيڪن جا نشان]]۔ مثال طور: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi}} <small>(ڪلوميٽر داخل ڪيا ويا، ميلن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km}} <small>(ميل داخل ڪيا ويا، ڪلوميٽرن ۾ تبديل ٿيا)</small> ''عدد'' کي گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو، ۽ ''اِيڪن'' کي مختصر نشانن ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|mi|km|2|abbr=on}} قدرن جا ''حدون (range)'' پڻ داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون <code>|to|...</code> يا <code>|-|...</code> استعمال ڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|to|5|km|mi}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi}} گڏيل اثر جو مثال: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|-|5|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} :<code><nowiki>{{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|and|5|km|mi|sigfig=3|abbr=off}} {{hatnote|وڌيڪ تفصيلي ۽ فني ڄاڻ لاءِ ڏسو [[مدد:Convert]]}} == ايڪا تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ == {{hatnote|پڻ ڏسو: خلاصو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units|{{tlf|Convert}} لاءِ ايڪن جي مڪمل فهرست]] ۽ مڪمل فهرست [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ۾}} تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ ايڪا داخل ڪريو ''کان''&nbsp;''۾'': * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} :[[بين الاقوامي نظام ايڪا|ايس آءِ]] ايڪا عام طور اڳياڙيون (prefixes) قبول ڪن ٿا، جهڙوڪ "m" ملي (10⁻³) لاءِ، ۽ "M" ميگا (10⁶) لاءِ :"في" (per) ايڪن لاءِ "/" (سلش) استعمال ڪريو: kg/ha (ڏسو [[#'per'_units:_kg/ha,_miles_per_gallon|§&nbsp;'per' ايڪا: kg/ha]] ۽ [[#Currency per unit: $/mi → $/km|§&nbsp;في ايڪو ڪرنسي: $/km]]) :ٽي-ايڪا وارن نظامن وغيره لاءِ، ڏسو {{cl|Convert-like templates}} == ايڪو جو نالو يا نشان (مختصر صورت): ''1 pound'' يا ''1 lb''؟== ڊفالٽ طور، پهرين مقدار ايڪو جو نالو ڏيکاري ٿي، ٻي مقدار نشان (يا مخفف) ڏيکاري ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg}} {{para|abbr|in}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان پهرين (کاٻي پاسي واري) ايڪو جو نشان، ۽ ٻي ايڪو لاءِ نالو ڏيکاريو ويندو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=in}} ٻنهي کي مختصر يا ٻنهي کي مڪمل ڏيکارڻ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=off}} === سهولت: {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور هوندو آهي === سانچو {{tl|cvt}}، {{tlf|convert}} وانگر ئي آهي، پر ان ۾ {{para|abbr|on}} ڊفالٽ طور فعال هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|cvt}} ۾ باقي سڀ اختيار به موجود آهن۔ تنهنڪري: :<code><nowiki>{{cvt|1|lb|kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg}} هي برابر آهي: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{cvt|1|lb|kg|abbr=on}} == صفت طور استعمال: ''a 10-mile distance'' == {{para|adj|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صفت وارو (hyphen سان) روپ ملي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|10|mi|km|adj=on}} distance. ڊفالٽ رويو، ڀيٽ لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|km}} to go</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|km}} to go. {{para|adj|on}} ايڪو جي نشانن سان hyphen پيدا نٿو ڪري، جيئن [[وڪيپيڊيا:اندازِ تحرير/ايڪو نشان|اندازِ تحرير]] ۾ بيان ٿيل آهي: * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail</nowiki></code> → A {{convert|9|in|cm|adj=on|abbr=on}} nail. ==گولائي: ''100 ft'' ڇا ''30&nbsp;m'' آهي يا ''30.5&nbsp;m'' يا ''30.48&nbsp;m''؟<span class="anchor" id="Rounding"></span>== {{hatnote|گولائي جي اختيارن جي وڌيڪ رياضيائي وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو {{section link|Help:Convert#Rounding}}}} تعريف موجب، 100&nbsp;ft برابر آهي {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=4|disp=out}}۔ عملي استعمال ۾، حساب ڪيل ميٽرڪ عدد کي گول ڪرڻ عام آهي۔ ان سلسلي ۾ ڪيترائي امڪان آهن۔ === ڊفالٽ گولائي === {{tlf|Convert}} جي ڊفالٽ موجب، تبديليءَ جو نتيجو يا ته ان درستگيءَ تائين گول ڪيو ويندو جيڪا داخل ڪيل قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر هجي (اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ انگن جو تعداد—يا نقطي کان اڳ غير اهم صفرن جي تعداد جو منفي—هڪ سان وڌايو ويندو جيڪڏهن تبديلي 0.02 ۽ 0.2 جي وچ واري عدد سان ضرب هجي، ساڳيو رهندو جيڪڏهن عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ هجي، 1 سان گهٽايو ويندو جيڪڏهن اهو 2 ۽ 20 جي وچ ۾ هجي، وغيره) يا ٻن اهم انگن تائين، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ هن جو هڪ استثنا ''گرمي پد جي گولائي'' آهي (ڏسو [[#Rounding temperatures|هيٺ]])۔ {{tlf|Convert}} گولائي جا ڪيترائي قسم سپورٽ ڪري ٿو: === ڏنل درستگي تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''درستگي جو عدد استعمال ڪريو'' === گهربل درستگي هڪ مڪمل عدد سان ''چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر'' طور ڏيو (يا ٽئين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ يا پنجين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي؛ يا ٻيهر چوٿين غير نالي واري پيراميٽر طور، جيڪڏهن حد ڏني وئي هجي ۽ "convert to" پيراميٽر ڇڏي ڏنو ويو هجي؛ هن کي "precision" نالي پيراميٽر سان بدلائڻ جي ضرورت آهي)۔ تبديلي 10 جي انهيءَ مڪمل عدد واري طاقت جي ويجهي ضرب تائين گول ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 8621 هجي ۽ گولائي پيراميٽر "−2" هجي، ته 8600 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجو "123.456" هجي ۽ پيراميٽر "0" هجي، ته 123 ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ بنيادي طور مثبت يا صفر گولائي پيراميٽر اعشاري جڳهن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿو؛ منفي قدر پڇاڙيءَ وارن صفرن جو تعداد بيان ڪري ٿي۔ {| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan="3" | گولائي جا مثال |- |'''داخل ڪيل'''||'''هن ريت ڏيکاريو ويندو'''||'''نوٽ''' |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|-1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m}} ||rowspan=2| درستگي 0 يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|0}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|123|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|123|ft|m|2}} || style="max-width:40em;" |123 [[فوٽ (ايڪو)#Definition|فوٽ]] بلڪل 37.4904&nbsp;m آهن، جيڪي جيڪڏهن درستگي بيان نه ڪئي وڃي ته 37&nbsp;m تائين گول ٿين ٿا |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|-1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|-1}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" | درستگي <code>-1</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 0.2 ۽ 2 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان پٽ قدر وانگر ساڳي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) پيدا ٿيڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ هڪ-صفر درستگي (−1) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|0}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|1}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|1}} || |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|m|2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|m|2}} || بلڪل قدر 152.4 m آهي |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|-3}} ||rowspan=2 style="max-width:40em;" |درستگي <code>-3</code> يا &lt;default> سان ساڳيو نتيجو، ڇاڪاڻ ته تبديلي عامل 20 ۽ 200 جي وچ ۾ آهي (تنهنڪري ان کي ان پٽ قدر جي ٻٽي-صفر درستگي (−2) کي 2 سان گهٽائڻ گهرجي)، پر تبديليءَ کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ٻه اهم انگ پيدا ڪرڻا آهن (تنهنڪري وڌيڪ اعليٰ ٽي-صفر درستگي (−3) استعمال ٿئي ٿي) |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm}} |- |<code><nowiki>{{convert|500|ft|cm|0}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|500|ft|cm|0}} || |}<!--NOTE: rows require "nowiki", using &#123;{ disappears. --> === ڏنل اهم انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{para|sigfig|}}''<span class="anchor" id="Round to a given number of significant figures"></span> === آئوٽ پٽ عدد کي ''n'' اهم انگن سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sigfig|&lt;number>}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=4}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=3}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=2}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=1}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m}} {{para|sigfig}} کي 1 کان گهٽ قدر تي رکڻ بي معنيٰ آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1200|ft|m|sigfig=0}} {{nay}} === 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''15'', ''20'', ''25'', ... === {{para|round|5}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 5 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=5}} ساڳي ريت: {{para|round|25}} استعمال ڪرڻ سان نتيجو 25 جي ضرب تائين گول ٿئي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|round=25}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=4}} حد ۾، هر ''قدر'' کي الڳ الڳ ڊفالٽ موجب گول ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ {{para|round|each}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10 x 200 x 3000|m|ft|round=each}} ===<span id="Round to a multiple of a given fraction"></span>ڏنل ڪسر جي ضرب تائين گول ڪرڻ: ''{{frac|2|3|16}} inch'' === گهربل ''مقامِ مخرج'' {{para|frac|&lt;some positive integer&gt;}} استعمال ڪري بيان ڪريو۔ ([[ڪسر|مخرج]] slash کان هيٺ وارو عدد هوندو آهي، مثال طور {{frac|1|3}} ۾ 3)۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in|frac=16}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=4}} جتي ممڪن هجي، ڪسر کي مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|8|cm|in|frac=100}} ڊفالٽ رويو اعشاري notation استعمال ڪري ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5.56|cm|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5.56|cm|in}} === گرمي پدن جي گولائي: ''°C'', ''°F'' ۽ ''K''<span class="anchor" id="Rounding temperatures"></span> === گرمي پدن ۾، تبديلي يا ته ان پٽ قدر جي درستگيءَ جي برابر درستگي تائين گول ٿيندي، يا اهڙي درستگي تائين جيڪا kelvins ۾ اظهار ڪرڻ وقت ٽي اهم انگ ڏئي، جيڪو به وڌيڪ درست هجي۔ #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10,000.1|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|-272|C}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|100|C|F K}} #{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|0|C|F K}} مثال (1) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي هڪ انگ آهي، پر kelvins ۾ ان جي اظهار جي درستگي ٽي آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit تبديليءَ جي درستگي کي ٽي ''بڻايو'' ويو آهي (180... بڻايو ويو)۔ (1) ۽ (2) مان ائين لڳي ٿو ڄڻ اها حقيقت غلط ٿي وڃي ته {{convert|0.1|C-change|F-change|disp=x| is a |abbr=off}}، ۽ (1) ۾ ڏيکاريل 32 درجن جو فرق ڪنهن حد تائين غلط لڳڻ شروع ٿئي ٿو۔ نتيجو (1) تيستائين غلط لڳي ٿو جيستائين توهان [[اهم انگ]] پاڻ {{para|sigfig}} سان مقرر نه ڪريو: :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|sigfig=5}} يا توهان درستگي کي اعشاري نقطي جي نسبت سان ''پوزيشن طور'' مقرر ڪريو (صفر اعشاري نقطي ''تي'' هوندو آهي): :{{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10000|C|0}} مثال (2) ۾ داخل ڪيل عدد جي درستگي ڇهه آهي، تنهنڪري Fahrenheit آئوٽ پٽ جي درستگي هاڻي ڇهه آهي، جڏهن ته اڳ kelvins ان کي ٽي مقرر ڪيو هو۔ مثال (3) ۽ (4) ڏيکارين ٿا ته اهو ڪيئن لڪل رهي سگهي ٿو ۽ سوال پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو، پر اتي اهو انهيءَ ڪري ٿئي ٿو جو kelvins تبديلي fractional parts پيدا ڪيا۔ (ان کان اڳ fractional part داخل ڪيل عدد پيدا ڪري رهيو هو۔) مثال (3) ۾ ٽي داخل ڪيل انگ، اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ ٻن انگن جي ڪري پنج اهم آئوٽ پٽ انگن ۾ تبديل ٿيا، جيڪي kelvins تبديليءَ پيدا ڪيا۔ اهو (5) ۾ ٻيهر ٿيو، پر (6) ۾ نه اعشاري ڪسرون ان پٽ طور ڏنيون ويون ۽ نه ئي kelvins تبديليءَ انهن کي پيدا ڪيو۔ === ان پٽ جي گولائي === ڏيکاريل ''ان پٽ'' عدد کي گول ڪرڻ لاءِ محدود سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ گولائي تبديليءَ ''کان پوءِ'' ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري آئوٽ پٽ مڪمل درستگي واري ان پٽ تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ هي تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ان پٽ {{tlc|&#35;expr:}} سان پيدا ٿئي يا ٻي صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ جي ضرورت کان وڌيڪ درستگي سان موجود هجي، ۽ double-rounding کان بچڻ گهربل هجي۔ ان پٽ کي اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ مخصوص انگن جي تعداد تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ، هيٺين پيراميٽرن مان هڪ استعمال ڪريو: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} * {{para|adj|ri2}} * {{para|adj|ri3}} نوٽ ڪريو ته اعشاري جڳهه کان مٿي گول ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي ({{para|adj|ri-1}}{{nay}} غلط آهي)۔ نه ئي اهم انگن، ڪنهن عدد جي ضربن، يا ڪنهن ٻي آئوٽ پٽ-گولائي خاصيت لاءِ سپورٽ موجود آهي۔ ڊفالٽ درستگي ان پٽ جي بنياد تي ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي، تنهنڪري عام طور واضع آئوٽ پٽ درستگي ڏيڻ ضروري هوندي آهي: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|adj=ri0}} {{nay}} (درستگيون پاڻ ۾ نٿيون ملن) * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} {{aye}} هن حالت ۾، جيڪڏهن ان پٽ کي تبديليءَ کان اڳ گول ڪيو وڃي ها، ته مختلف نتيجو ملي ها: * {{tlc|convert|<nowiki>{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}</nowiki>|mi|km|0}} → {{convert|{{#expr:4.14159 round 0}}|mi|km|0}} {{nay}} (وچولي حساب کي گول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان مختلف نتيجو اچي ٿو) ==ان پٽ جي گولائي== ان پٽ کي اعشاري انگن تائين گول ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{para|adj|ri0}} * {{para|adj|ri1}} مثال: * {{tlc|convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj{{=}}ri0}} → {{convert|4.14159|mi|km|0|adj=ri0}} نوٽ: گولائي conversion کان پوءِ ٿئي ٿي، تنهنڪري نتيجو مڪمل درستگي تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ == ڪيترن ايڪن ۾: ''{{convert|10|C|F K}}'' == گهڻن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن کي خالي جڳهه سان جدا ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|C|F K}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|C|F K}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|5|km|mi nmi}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|5|km|mi nmi}} جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پٽ ايڪن جي نالن ۾ خالي جڳهيون هجن، ته <code>+</code> کي جدا ڪندڙ طور استعمال ڪريو۔ پڻ ڏسو: * گهڻ-ايڪو اختيارن جهڙوڪ ''1 ft 5 in'' لاءِ، ڏسو {{section link||In input}} ۽ {{section link||In output}}۔ == قدرن جون حدون == {{For|فرق جي تبديلي لاءِ|#Units of difference}} ''حد'' ٻه قدر تبديل ڪري ٿي ۽ انهن کي توهان جي چونڊيل لفظن ۽ اوقاف سان جدا ڪري ٿي۔ === هڪ حد: ''6 to 17 kg (13 to 37 lb)'' === حد جا اشارا ٻئي پيراميٽر طور داخل ڪيا ويندا آهن (قدرن جي وچ ۾)۔ حد جا جدا ڪندڙ هي ٿي سگهن ٿا:<br/> {{Convert/doc/range separator list}} === گهڻا بُعد: ''{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}'' === <code>by</code> استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|by|12|ft|m}} <code>×</code>، ضرب جي نشاني، يا <code>x</code>، اکر، استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft}} سائنس ۾، رسمي طريقو <code>&#x7c;x&#x7c;</code> ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} مقرر ڪرڻ آهي (بُعدن کي درست رکندي، جيئن ''area = x km²'' ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|6|x|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} === قدرن جون فهرستون: ''20, 40, or 60 miles'' === :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}}</nowiki></code> &rarr; {{convert|20|,|40|, or|60|mi}} === حدن ۽ گهڻن ۾ ''feet, inch'' بابت === جڏهن ته سادي تبديلي ۾ feet, inch داخل ڪرڻ ممڪن آهي، پر حدن لاءِ اهو ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|x|3|ft|5|in|mm}} {{nay}} ڀيٽ لاءِ ڊفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|ft|3|in|mm}} بهرحال، ميٽرڪ ايڪن کي feet ۽ inches ۾ {{para|order|flip}} سان تبديل ڪرڻ گهربل آئوٽ پٽ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|380|x|1040|mm|ftin|order=flip}} == لفظ == === ايڪو جي نالي جي اسپيلنگ: بين الاقوامي ''metre'' يا آمريڪي ''meter''؟ === ايڪن جي ڊفالٽ اسپيلنگ en (عام) locale ۾ آهي۔ en-US اسپيلنگ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|sp|us}} استعمال ڪريو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft}}—''ڊفالٽ'' :<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|m|ft|sp=us}} ===<span id="spell"></span>عدد لفظن ۾ لکڻ: ''ten miles''=== عدد کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|in}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=in}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي قدرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=on}} پهريون اکر وڏو ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|spell|In}}، {{para|spell|On}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=In}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|mi|m|spell=On}} === ايڪن کان اڳ داخل ڪيل: ''4 planted acres'' === *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||adj=pre|planted}} <code>disp=preunit</code> ساڳيو آهي، پر مقرر ڪيل متن کان پوءِ جدا ڪندڙ نٿو رکي، ۽ آئوٽ پٽ قدر لاءِ مختلف متن رکي سگهي ٿو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted }} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|4|acre||disp=preunit|planted |reforested-}} === صفت واري ايڪو کان پوءِ: ''A {{convert|10|ft|ft|adj=mid|-long|disp=out|order=flip}} corridor'' === نوٽ ڪريو ته ٻه ايڪا (هن حالت ۾، ft ۽ m) گهربل آهن۔ رڳو هڪ ايڪو استعمال ڪرڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} === جمع: ''1&nbsp;inch, 2&nbsp;inches'' === ايڪو جو نشان هميشه واحد هوندو آهي۔ صرف اڳيان ايندڙ عدد جي بنياد تي، ايڪو جو نالو جمع صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|metre|abbr=on}} ;استثنا: "ft" بدران "foot" ايڪو داخل ڪرڻ سان آئوٽ پٽ "foot" واحد صورت ۾ رهندو، عدد جيڪو به هجي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|foot|abbr=off}} === ڪسرون: ''one-eighth of an imperial pint'' === convert سانچو ڪسرن کي لفظن ۾ لکڻ جي به سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3+1/2|oz|g|spell=in}} ڪسر لاءِ گهربل اضافي لفظ به سانچي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/8|imppt|ml|spell=in|adj=pre|of an}} <!-- todo: decimals & negative examples --> === ويڙهڻ ۽ لائين ٽوڙڻ === :[[MOS:UNITNAMES]] سان مطابقت لاءِ، convert نشان کان اڳ <code>&amp;nbsp;</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19&nbsp;kg}})، پر ايڪو جي نالي کان اڳ خالي جڳهه استعمال ڪري ٿو ({{tq|19 kilograms}})۔ ===<span id="million"></span>"هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ لکڻ=== گهڻا ايڪو ڪوڊ e3 (هزار)، e6 (ملين) يا e9 (بلين) جي اڳياڙي قبول ڪن ٿا۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|120|e6acre|e3km2}} ان پٽ ۽ آئوٽ پٽ ٻنهي کي سائنسي notation ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ {{para|abbr|on}} استعمال ڪريو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=on}} "هزار"، "ملين" وغيره لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، {{para|abbr|unit}} ايڪو کي مختصر ڪري ٿو؛ {{para|abbr|off}} ٻنهي مڪمل ايڪو نالن کي ڏيکاري ٿو۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=unit}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|e6mi|e6km|abbr=off}} ==انگ== ===ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقو استعمال ڪندي: ''گيگا ميٽر (Gm)'', يا ''مايڪرو ميٽر (μm)''=== {{Sidebar metric prefixes (small)}} يونٽن سان [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا|ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] لڳائي سگهجن ٿا جيئن <code>G</code> يونٽ کان اڳ: <code>Gm</code>، ۽ <code>giga</code> نالي کان اڳ: <code>gigameter</code>۔ هي سادا ضربي عنصر آهن۔ وضاحت لاءِ، هي ساديون حسابون آهن (ميٽر کان ميٽر ۾)، جيڪي ضربي عنصر ڏيکارين ٿيون: * {{convert|12|Gm|m|abbr=on}} * {{convert|12|μm|m|abbr=on}} اڳواٽ لاحقو ايس آءِ يونٽ کان اڳ لڳائي سگهجي ٿو (هتي يونٽ <code>m</code> ميٽر لاءِ): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|Gm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>Mm</code>: {{convert|12|Mm|mi|abbr=on}} * <code>km</code>: {{convert|12|km|ft|abbr=on}} * <code>mm</code>: {{convert|12|mm|in|abbr=on}} * <code>μm</code>: {{convert|12|μm|mm|abbr=on}} * <code>um</code>: {{convert|12|um|mm|abbr=on}} ("u" اکر هتي "μ" جي جاءِ تي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو) اڳواٽ لاحقو نتيجي واري يونٽ ۾ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12000|mi|Mm|abbr=on}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|in|μm|abbr=on}} هڪ استثنا طور، غير ايس آءِ يونٽ "انچ" سان به "μ" اڳواٽ لاحقو لڳائي سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12|μm|μin|abbr=on}} {{further information|مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا}} ===انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن: ''7 × 10⁶ m''=== ====يونٽ ۾: ''e6m''==== [[انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن]] جهڙا عدد ''7E6'' (يعني 7 × 10⁶) يونٽ جي اڳيان "اڳواٽ لاحقو" طور داخل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|7|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|7|e6m}} ساڳيو طريقو نتيجي واري يونٽ لاءِ به لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|23,000,000|ft|e6m}} ڪو به معياري يونٽ (نه گڏيل، نه گهڻا، نه ٺهيل) اهڙو اڳواٽ لاحقو وٺي سگهي ٿو: * <code>e3</code> (هزار)، * <code>e6</code> (ملين)، * <code>e9</code> (ارب)، * <code>e12</code> (کرب)، * <code>e15</code> (کربن کان وڌيڪ مقدار). ===سائنسي نوٽيشن: ''1.23 × 10⁻¹⁴''=== [[سائنسي نوٽيشن]] ۾ عدد هن طرح لکيو ويندو آهي {{rnd|12.3e-15|16}}۔ سادي عدد ۾ اعشاري کان اڳ فقط هڪ عدد هوندو آهي۔ {{tlf|convert}} سان، ان پُٽ e-نوٽيشن ۾ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو جهڙوڪ <code>12.3e4</code>۔ هي قدر ڏهائي قوت جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو، ۽ نتيجو سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، سواءِ ان جي جڏهن نتيجي جي قيمت 0.01 ≤ v < 1000 هجي ته اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ ان کان علاوه، جيڪڏهن نتيجو 1000 هجي ۽ sigfig=4 استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته به اها عام عدد طور ڏيکاري ويندي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|12.3e-15|atm|atm|abbr=on}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|0.00000005|atm|atm|abbr=on}} ===ڀاڱن سان ان پُٽ: ''{{convert|1+1/2|in|mm|1}}''=== تبديلي لاءِ عدد ڀاڱي جي صورت ۾ به لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ <code>/</code> ۽ <code>⁄</code> ٻئي قبول ڪيا ويندا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1/2|in|mm|1}} *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1⁄2|in|mm|1}} مثبت [[مخلوط عدد]] (سڄو عدد + ڀاڱو) لاءِ <code>+</code> استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} منفي مخلوط عدد لاءِ <code>-</code> ٻه ڀيرا استعمال ڪيو وڃي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} هي حالتون مخلوط عدد نه سمجهيون وينديون: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2-1⁄2|in|mm|1}} (هي 2 انچ کان 1⁄2 انچ تائين حد سمجهي ويندي) *<code><nowiki>{{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|-2+1⁄2|in|mm|1}} {{nay}} (هي نه مخلوط عدد آهي، نه حد؛ حسابي اظهار هتي اجازت نه آهن) ===افقي ڀاڱي واري نتيجي لاءِ: ''{{sfrac|1|2}} انچ''=== ڊبل سليش (<code>//</code>) استعمال ڪرڻ سان افقي ڀاڱو ملي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1//2|in|mm|1}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2+1//2|in|mm|1}} ===هزارن جي جدا ڪندڙ: ''1,000 mi'' يا ''1000 mi''=== ان پُٽ ۾ ڪاما استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، پر ضروري ناهي؛ خالي جاءِ (space) قبول نه ٿيندي۔ نتيجي ۾ ڊيفالٽ طور ڪاما استعمال ٿيندي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1,234,567|m|ft}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1 234 567|m|ft}} {{nay}} {{para|comma|off}} سان جدا ڪندڙ هٽايو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=off}} {{para|comma|gaps}} سان خالي جاءِ ذريعي گروپنگ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=gaps}} {{para|comma|5}} سان صرف 5 يا وڌيڪ انگن لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234|m|ft|comma=5}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1234567|m|ft|comma=5}} ==نتيجي جي ترتيب== ===بريڪٽس ۽ جدا ڪندڙ: ''10 m [33 ft]''=== {{para|disp|}} سان نتيجن جي وچ ۾ فرق طئي ڪيو وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=sqbr}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=comma}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=or}} {{para|disp|br}} سان نئين سٽ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br}} {{para|disp|br()}} سان نئين سٽ ۽ بريڪٽس: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=br()}} ڪسٽم متن لاءِ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|m|ft|disp=x|_متن_}} ===ترتيب مٽائڻ: ''{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}}''=== {{para|order|flip}} سان ترتيب الٽي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|mi|m|order=flip|sigfig=5|abbr=off}} ===آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن جي ترتيب: ''{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}''=== {{para|order|out}} سان صرف نتيجي وارا يونٽ ڏيکارجن ٿا: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|100|C|F C K|abbr=on|order=out}} ===جزوي نتيجو ڏيکارڻ=== {| class="wikitable" ! Convert !! Output !! Returns |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3}} || عام نتيجو |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|abbr=values}} || انگ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit}} || ان پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=unit2}} || آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=number}} || نتيجو عدد |- | <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> || {{convert|2|cuyd|m3|disp=out}} || نتيجو |} ===نالي ۽ نشان گڏ ڏيکارڻ: ''2 ڪلوپاسڪل [kPa]''=== {{para|abbr|~}} سان يونٽ جو نالو ۽ نشان گڏ: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~}} * <code><nowiki>A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure</nowiki></code> → {{nowrap|A {{convert|2|kPa|psi|abbr=~|adj=on}} pressure}} ==جدول جا اختيار== [[مدد: جدول/دستي جدولون|وڪي ٽيبل]] جي جوڙجڪ لاءِ ٽي اختيار آهن: سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪرڻ، نتيجي کي ڪالمن ۾ ورهائڻ، ۽ ٽيبل کي ترتيب لائق بڻائڻ۔ ===لازمي سٽ ٽوڙ=== {{para|disp|br}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ قوسين کي ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو۔ {{para|disp|br()}} سٽ ٽوڙ شامل ڪري ٿو ۽ تبديل ٿيل قيمت ۾ قوسين پڻ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدولن ۾ مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: {| class=wikitable ! {{para|disp|br}} !! {{para|disp|br()}} |- |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br}} |{{convert|100|km|mi|disp=br()}} |} === جدول جا ڪالم === جدول جي خاني ۾ {{tlf|Convert}} استعمال ڪندي، {{para|disp|table}} نتيجي کي ٻن (يا وڌيڪ) ڪالمن ۾ ورهائي ٿو۔ ڊيفالٽ طور يونٽ ٽيبل ۾ شامل نه ٿيندا آهن، بهرحال، اهي {{para|abbr|}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ گهڻن يونٽن وارا نتيجا، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code>، هميشه پنهنجا يونٽ جدول ۾ ڏيکاريندا آهن۔ :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|10|m|ft|disp=table}}</code> {{para|disp|tablecen}} ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو، ۽ متن کي وچ ۾ پڻ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</nowiki></code> → <code>{{convert|20|m|ft|disp=tablecen}}</code> يونٽ ڪالم جي سرخي طور شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن: :{| class=wikitable ! style="width:10em;" | &nbsp; ! style="width:10em;" | ڪلوگرام ! style="width:10em;" | پائونڊ ! style="width:10em;" | اسٽون ۽ پائونڊ |- | {{para|disp|table}} | {{convert|10|kg|lb stlb|disp=table}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|on}} | {{convert|20|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=on}} |- |{{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|abbr|off}} | {{convert|30|kg|lb stlb|disp=table|abbr=off}} |- |{{para|disp|tablecen}} | {{convert|40|kg|lb stlb|disp=tablecen}} |- |{{para|disp|&lt;ٻيو>}} <small>(ڊيفالٽ)</small> |{{convert|50|kg|lb stlb|disp=}} |- |} === ترتيب ڏيڻ === {{para|sortable|on}} استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن نتيجي ۾ هڪ ''لڪل عددي ترتيب ڪنجي'' شامل ٿئي، جيڪا [[مدد:ترتيب لائق جدولون|ترتيب لائق ڪالمن واري جدول]] ۾ استعمال لاءِ مناسب هجي۔ فني طور، هي اصل ڏيکاريل قيمتن کان اڳ هڪ لڪل اسٽرنگ رکي ٿو: :<code><nowiki>{{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}</nowiki></code> {{nowrap|1=→ <code>&lt;span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">&lt;/span>10 metres (33&nbsp;ft)</code>}} :ڏيکاريندي: {{convert|10|m|ft|sortable=on}}. {{para|disp|table}} ۽ {{para|sortable|on}} ٻنهي کي گڏ استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن ترتيب لائق ڪالمن ۾ هر قيمت لاءِ ٽيبل ڪالم (پائپ نشانيون) پيدا ٿين: :{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ! m ! m ! ft |- | A | {{val|15.75|u=m}} | {{convert|15+3/4|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | B | {{val|15.5|u=m}} | {{convert|15.5|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | C | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16.0|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |- | D | {{val|16|u=m}} | {{convert|16|m|ft|disp=table|sortable=on}} |} ٺهيل ترتيب ڪنجي هڪ مسلسل طريقي سان حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪا ڪنورٽ سانچي کي ڏنل قيمت ۽ ان جي يونٽ ٻنهي تي ٻڌل هوندي آهي۔ گهڻن حالتن ۾ ڪنورٽ ڏنل قيمت کي ايس آءِ بنيادي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري استعمال ڪندو آهي۔ تنهنڪري اها لازمي طور ڏيکاريل قيمت يا ٻيا متبادل يونٽ نه هوندا آهن، ۽ نتيجي جي فارميٽ وارن اختيارن کان قطع نظر حساب ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ تنهنڪري جدا جدا سٽن ۾ مختلف يونٽ يا يونٽن جي مختلف ترتيب استعمال ڪرڻ عام طور غلط ترتيب جو سبب نه بڻجڻ گهرجي، جيتوڻيڪ گولائي ۾ تبديليون حيران ڪندڙ نتيجا ڏئي سگهن ٿيون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ترتيب ڪنجي لاءِ اڻ-گول ڪيل عدد استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == يونٽ == تبديل ڪرڻ وارا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقل [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data introduction/doc#Conversion factors and physical constants|هتي]] مان ورتا ويا آهن۔ === سڀ يونٽ === {{selfref|پڻ ڏسو: [[سانچو:Convert/list of units]]}} {{hatnote|يونٽ وڏن ۽ ننڍن اکرن لاءِ حساس آهن: {{xt|kW}} استعمال ڪريو، {{!xt|KW}} يا {{!xt|kw}} نه}} {{Convert/list of units}} === 'في' وارا يونٽ: ''kg/ha'', ''ميل في گيلن''<span class="anchor" id="per"></span> === جڏهن سليش (<code>/</code>) استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ته <code>kg/ha</code> جهڙو يونٽ ڪلوگرام ''في'' هيڪٽر طور سڃاتو ويندو ۽ ٻين وزن/ايراضي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ مٿئين حصي (numerator) ۾ يونٽ رکڻ لازمي ناهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1000|kg/ha}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1000|kg/ha}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|350|/in2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|350|/in2}} آبادي جي کثافت (''في چورس ميل رهواسي'') هن ريت تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|PD/sqmi|PD/km2}} گاڏين جي ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي، جيڪا عام طور ''ميل في گيلن'' يا ''ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر'' ۾ ڏيکاري ويندي آهي، پڻ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|26|mpgUS|l/100km mpgimp}} === فرق جا يونٽ: گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي يا فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ<span class="anchor" id="Units of difference"></span> === اسان اڳ ئي معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلين (°C، °F، K) تي بحث ڪيو آهي، جيئن هيٺين ٻن مثالن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي تبديلي) * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C}} (معياري گرمي پد جي حد) جڏهن گرمي پد ۾ ''تبديلي'' ظاهر ڪئي وڃي (مثال طور "گرمي پد 10&nbsp;°C وڌيو")، يا جڏهن گرمي پد جو ''مقابلو'' ڪيو وڃي (مثال طور "10 کان 15&nbsp;°C وڌيڪ گرم")، ته اسان معياري گرمي پد وارا يونٽ ({{para||C}}, {{para||F}} ۽ {{para||K}}) استعمال نٿا ڪري سگهون، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ماپ جي اسڪيل تي نقطن کي ظاهر ڪن ٿا۔ ان جي بدران، اسان کي هيٺين "فرق جا يونٽ" استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجن: {{para||C-change}}, {{para||F-change}} ۽ {{para||K-change}}۔ هيٺين ٻن مثالن کي مٿي وارن مثالن سان ڀيٽيو: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change}} گرمي پد ۾ واڌ * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|-|15|C-change}} عام کان وڌيڪ گرم گھڻن يونٽن ۾ نتيجو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ: * {{#invoke:DemoTemplate|convert|10|C-change|F-change K-change}} فرق === گهڻا يونٽ: ''1 ft 5 in'' === ==== ان پُٽ ۾ ==== بنيادي دستاويز {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Input multiples|nopage=y}} ۾ ''گهڻن يونٽن واري ان پُٽ'' جا اختيار ڏنل آهن (جهڙوڪ <code>ft,in</code>)۔ اهو صرف اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل مجموعن کي سڃاڻي سگهي ٿو (اهي يونٽ جيڪي ورهائي سگهجن؛ مثال طور yd کي ft ۾): * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|ft|3|in|cm}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|lb|5|oz|g}} ==== آئوٽ پُٽ ۾ ==== گهڻن يونٽن واري آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ اڳواٽ طئي ڪيل اختيار موجود آهن، جهڙوڪ <code>ftin</code> ۽ <code>ydftin</code>۔ مڪمل فهرست {{section link|Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc|Output multiples|nopage=y}} تي موجود آهي۔ * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ftin}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ftin}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m|ft in}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m|ft in}}، جتي خالي جاءِ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اعشاري نتيجو ملي ٿو مقابلي لاءِ ڊيفالٽ رويو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|2|m}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|2|m}} پڻ ڏسو: * {{tl|hands}} گھوڙن جي ماپ لاءِ ڊيگهه جو يونٽ * {{tl|Long ton}} وزن جو يونٽ (ٽن، cwt، qr ۽ lb ۾) <!-- todo: 0-3 حدن جو ذڪر شامل ڪيو وڃي --> === في يونٽ ڪرنسي: ''$/mi &rarr; $/km'' === ڪرنسي جا نشان ''في يونٽ'' قدر (جهڙوڪ $ في يونٽ) ۾ استعمال ڪندي، في-يونٽ کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|3.39|$/USgal|$/L}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10000|€/ha|€/acre}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|¢/mi|¢/km}} * <code><nowiki>{{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1500|¥/lb|¥/kg}} توهان {{para|$|€}} استعمال ڪندي ٻنهي قدرن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/mi|$/km|$=€}} ڪرنسي پاڻ تبديل ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|10|$/lb|€/kg}} {{nay}} تنهنڪري، هي نتيجو (مخلوط ڪرنسي) ممڪن ناهي: {{!mxt|1=$15 في ميل (€8.6/ڪلوميٽر)}} {{nay}} == سانچن اندر ڪنورٽ جو استعمال == انفوباڪس جهڙن سانچن ۾ استعمال لاءِ {{tlf|convert}} وٽ هي اختيار موجود آهن: ;غلطن جي سنڀال پيراميٽر {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} <code><nowiki>{{#iferror|...}}</nowiki></code> استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ختم ڪري ٿو ته جيئن غلطي چيڪ ڪئي وڃي، : جيڪڏهن تبديلي ۾ ڪا غلطي نه ٿئي، ته {{para|error|{{var|x}}}} جو ڪو اثر نه ٿيندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ نتيجو {{var|x}} ٿيندو (۽ غلطي ظاهر نه ٿيندي)۔ : مثال: :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123|kcal|error=هي متن ڪو اثر نٿو رکي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تبديلي صحيح آهي۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=هي متن غلطي جي جاءِ تي ڏيکاريو ويندو۔}} :* <code><nowiki>{{convert|123 calories (per biscuit)|kcal|error=}}</nowiki></code> →    {{green|(''ڪجهه به ظاهر نه ٿيندو'')}} ;ڀاڱي واري ان پُٽ جي اڳواٽ ترتيب [[ماڊيول:Convert/helper]] عام ان پُٽ پڙهي سگهي ٿو ۽ ان کي {{tlf|convert}} لاءِ قابل قبول صورت ۾ اڳواٽ ترتيب ڏئي سگهي ٿو۔ ياد رکو ته هن فنڪشن وٽ convert سانچي جهڙيون مڪمل صلاحيتون ناهن؛ اهو صرف ڀاڱن (۽ [[:Template:Horse race distance|گھوڙن جي ڊوڙ جو فاصلو]]) کي تبديل ڪري ٿو۔ :توهان جو سانچو {{para|input|16 7/8}} قبول ڪري سگهي ٿو ۽ <nowiki>{{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}}</nowiki> استعمال ڪري سگهي ٿو → {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|16 7/8}} ;وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو استعمال * وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت جو ڪوڊ، جيئن {{para|input|P2073}}، سانچي ۾ استعمال ڪري مضمون مان عدد ۽ يونٽ پاڻمرادو حاصل ڪري سگهجن ٿا ۽ پوءِ انهن کي تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ نوٽ: * سنڌي وڪيپيڊيا تي ڪجهه حالتن ۾ وڪي ڊيٽا سان لاڳاپيل Lua فنڪشن مڪمل طور فعال نه هوندا آهن۔ * ان ڪري هيٺ ڏنل مثال صرف ڏيکارڻ لاءِ آهن ۽ سڌي طرح هلائڻ لاءِ نه آهن۔ مثال: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2073|qid=Q1056131|km|abbr=on|disp=out}}</nowiki></code> :مثال طور ڏسو [[سانچو:Infobox telescope]]۔ ;گهڻن قدرن لاءِ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ خاصيت وٽ هڪ کان وڌيڪ قدر هوندا آهن۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ {{para|qual}} استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي: مثال: * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q613628|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> * <code><nowiki>{{convert|input=P2386|qid=Q1513315|qual=Q1395645|ft|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code> == پيراميٽرن جي فهرست == {{convert/doc/parameter list}} == پراڻا (منسوخ ٿيل) اختيار == {{Convert/doc/deprecations list}} {{Template:Convert/TemplateData}} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپن کي ٻين يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "قدر", "description": "اهو عدد جنهن کي تبديل ڪرڻو آهي.", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "اصل يونٽ", "description": "مهيا ڪيل قدر جو يونٽ.", "type": "string", "example": "km", "required": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "3": { "label": "نتيجي وارا يونٽ", "description": "اهي يونٽ جن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻو آهي۔ گهڻن يونٽن لاءِ خالي جاءِ سان جدا ڪريو۔ آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ ۾ ضرب لاءِ + استعمال ڪريو.", "type": "string", "example": "mi nmi", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": [ "km2","m2","cm2","mm2","ha","sqmi","acre","sqyd","sqft","sqin", "km","m","cm","mm","mi","yd","ft","in", "kg","g","mg","lb","oz", "m/s","km/h","mph", "K","C","F", "m3","cm3","mm3","L","mL","cuft","cuin","U.S.gal","U.S.oz", "psi","mpgU.S.","$/lb","$/kg" ] }, "4": { "label": "درستگي يا لاحقو", "description": "اعشاري نقطي کان پوءِ اهم عدد يا، جيڪڏهن منفي هجي ته ڏهائي قوت.", "type": "number" }, "lk": { "label": "يونٽن جا ڳنڍڻا", "description": "ڪهڙن يونٽن تي وڪي ڳنڍڻا لاڳو ڪرڻا آهن: “on” سڀني لاءِ، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ يونٽ لاءِ، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽن لاءِ، يا “off” ڪنهن به يونٽ لاءِ نه.", "default": "off", "type": "string", "example": "on", "suggestedvalues": ["in","out","on","off"] }, "abbr": { "label": "مخفف", "description": "يونٽن جي ڏيکاءَ لاءِ: “on” سڀ يونٽ نشانن سان، “off” مڪمل نالن سان، “in” رڳو ان پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “out” آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ نشان، “unit” سائنسي نوٽيشن ۾ ٻنهي لاءِ، “values” بغير يونٽن جي.", "default": "out", "type": "string", "example": "on, unit, in, out, off", "suggested": true, "suggestedvalues": ["in","off","none","on","out","unit","values","~"] }, "sp": { "label": "هجاءُ", "description": "يونٽن جي هجاءَ جي چونڊ۔ “us” آمريڪي طرز ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "example": "us" }, "adj": { "label": "صفت", "description": "صفت واري صورت استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ: “on” هڪواچڪ يونٽ سان هائفن، “mid” آخر ۾ تبديلي، يا “off” (ڊيفالٽ).", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "example": "on", "default": "off", "suggestedvalues": ["mid","on","pre","ri0","ri1","ri2","ri3","off"] }, "disp": { "label": "ڏيکاءُ", "description": "نتيجو ڪيئن ڏيکارجي: “or”، “x”، “b” قوسين ۾، “table/ tablecen”، “out”، “number”، “unit” وغيره.", "type": "string", "example": "b", "suggestedvalues": ["b","sqbr","br","comma","semicolon","or","number","output number only","out","output only","preunit","table","tablecen","unit","unit2","x"] }, "order": { "label": "ترتيب", "description": "“flip” سان تبديل ٿيل قدر پهرين ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "type": "string", "example": "flip", "suggestedvalues": ["flip","out"] }, "sigfig": { "label": "اهم عدد", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ اهم عددن جو تعداد.", "type": "number" }, "round": { "label": "گولائي", "description": "گول ڪرڻ جو طريقو، جهڙوڪ “5”، “25”، “each”.", "type": "number" }, "comma": { "label": "هزارن جو جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "“off” جدا ڪندڙ نه، “gaps” خالي جاءِ، “5” فقط وڏن عددن لاءِ.", "default": "on", "type": "boolean", "example": "off" }, "sortable": { "label": "ترتيب ڪنجي", "description": "“on” سان لڪل ترتيب ڪنجي ٺهي ٿي.", "type": "boolean", "example": "on" }, "spell": { "label": "عدد لفظن ۾", "description": "عدد لفظن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ.", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": ["in","In","on","On"] }, "sing": { "type": "boolean", "deprecated": "adj= استعمال ڪريو", "label": "واحد صورت؟", "description": "واحد يونٽ ڏيکارڻ (پراڻو اختيار)", "example": "yes" }, "frac": { "label": "ڀاڱو", "description": "گول ڪرڻ لاءِ ڀاڱي جي صورت.", "type": "number" }, "$": { "label": "ڪرنسي نشان", "description": "ٻنهي يونٽن ۾ ڪرنسي مقرر ڪري ٿو.", "example": "$=€ ڏيکاريندو \" €10 في ميل (€6.2/km)\"", "type": "string" }, "input": { "label": "وڪي ڊيٽا خاصيت", "description": "مضمون جي خاصيت پڙهي پوءِ تبديل ڪري ٿو.", "type": "string" }, "altitude_ft": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (فٽ)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" }, "altitude_m": { "label": "ماخ اوچائي (ميٽر)", "description": "رفتار اوچائي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي.", "type": "number" } }, "format": "inline", "paramOrder": [ "1","2","3","4","lk","abbr","sp","adj","disp","order","sigfig","round","comma","sortable","spell","sing","frac","$","altitude_ft","altitude_m","input" ] } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Cvt}}، ساڳي ڪارڪردگي، پر ڊيفالٽ طور مخفف يونٽ * {{tl|Inflation}}، پراڻين قيمتن کي موجوده قيمتن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ * {{tl|SI units}} * {{tl|To USD}}، ڪرنسي تبديلي لاءِ {{Convert/documentation navbox}} <noinclude> [[Category:Convert by module documentation| ]] </noinclude><includeonly>{{Sandbox other||{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|| [[Category:Template Convert| ]] [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Numbers as words conversion templates]] [[Category:Sorting templates]] }}}}</includeonly> d2karrwenmid5b3gn2d5druem59hg3t 4 47319 375403 373962 2026-05-02T14:56:28Z ListeriaBot 10240 Wikidata list updated [V2] 375403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bots|allow=ListeriaBot}} روان سال ۾ اڄ جي تاريخ يعني '''{{#time:d F|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}''' تي ڄمڻ (پيدا ٿيڻ وارن ماڻهن جي فهرست هيٺ درج آهي، پَڪ سان (يقيناً) ان ۾ ڪيترائي ماڻهو اڃا به جيئرا (زندهه) حيات هوندا. آخري نئين سر شروعات: <onlyinclude>{{#time: Y-m-d H:i|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}</onlyinclude> == فهرست == {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?date_node wikibase:timePrecision "11"^^xsd:integer . ?date_node wikibase:timeValue ?date . FILTER (year(?date) > 1899) FILTER (day(?date) = day(now())) FILTER (month(?date) = month(now())) ?item p:P569/<http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/P569> ?date_node . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . OPTIONAL {?item wdt:P570 ?dod} FILTER (!bound(?dod)) } ORDER BY DESC(?date) ?item |columns=P18,P569:تاريخ پيدائش,label:ماڻهو,وضاحت,P106,P39,P27,P735 |thumb=125 |autolist=fallback |links=local }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! تصوير ! تاريخ پيدائش ! ماڻهو ! وضاحت ! پيشو ! position held ! شهريت ! ذاتي نالو |- | | 1980-05-02 | [[نتاشا برگ]] | | ''[[:d:Q947873|television presenter]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4610556|model]]'' | | [[جرمني]] | ''[[:d:Q18579258|Natascha]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} [[زمرو:اڄ جي تاريخ ڄمڻ وارا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:مارچ جون پيدائشون]] 2idbfjpafljo42twdzf2bpu9pb0brgg 10 48048 375488 372287 2026-05-02T20:34:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template redirects|Lua talk|Uses Lua}} <!-- زمرا صفحي جي هيٺيان حصي ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} هي سانچو ان ڳالهه جي نشاندهي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي ته ڪو سانچو هڪ يا وڌيڪ [[Lua (لوا)]] ماڊيول (يعني <code>Module:</code> نيم اسپيس ۾ صفحا) استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ اهو سانچي جي /doc صفحي جي مٿئين حصي ۾ رکيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو پاڻمرادو ساڄي پاسي هڪ تيرندڙ اطلاع وارو دٻو ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ صفحي کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] يا ان جي ڪنهن ذيلي زمري ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == ; بنيادي : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول جو نالو''}} ; سڀئي پيراميٽر : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول 1''|''ماڊيول 2''|''ماڊيول 3''|...|category{{=}}''ڪسٽم زمرو''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} پهريون ماڊيول جو نالو لازمي آهي۔ == مثال == * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:$Example$}} {{Lua|Module:$Example$|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua}} {{Lua|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == زمربندي == ===سانچي جو زمرو=== هي سانچو صفحن کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو جيڪڏهن صفحو سانچا نيم اسپيس ۾ هجي ۽ اهو /doc، /sandbox، /sandbox2 يا /testcases ذيلي صفحن مان نه هجي۔ توهان {{para|category}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري ٻيو زمرو به مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا، مثال طور {{para|category|Lua String تي ٻڌل سانچا}}۔ ڪجهه ماڊيولن لاءِ اڳواٽ زمرا مختلف هوندا آهن: * [[Module:String]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:String Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Math]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Math Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:BaseConvert]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:BaseConvert Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Citation/CS1]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Citation/CS1 Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ ===غلطي وارو زمرو=== جيڪڏهن ڪو به ماڊيول ڏنل نه هجي، ته شامل ڪيل صفحو [[:زمرو:Lua سانچا جن ۾ غلطيون آهن]] ۾ شامل ڪيو ويندو۔ ===زمرو بند ڪرڻ=== سڀني زمربندي کي روڪڻ لاءِ {{para|nocat|true}} استعمال ڪريو۔ ("true" کان علاوه "yes"، "y"، ۽ "1" پڻ ڪم ڪندا۔) == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:TNT|doc|Lua banner}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:Lua (لوا)]] * {{tl|module rating}} * {{tl|Uses TemplateStyles}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا جا Lua سان لاڳاپيل سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا نيم اسپيس جا سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽر وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 7eyfmluq0se8hmwgmu69n0u7bce3hke 375489 375488 2026-05-02T20:35:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 375489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template redirects|Lua talk|Uses Lua}} <!-- زمرا صفحي جي هيٺيان حصي ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} هي سانچو ان ڳالهه جي نشاندهي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي ته ڪو سانچو هڪ يا وڌيڪ [[Lua (لوا)]] ماڊيول (يعني <code>Module:</code> نيم اسپيس ۾ صفحا) استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ اهو سانچي جي /doc صفحي جي مٿئين حصي ۾ رکيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو پاڻمرادو ساڄي پاسي هڪ تيرندڙ اطلاع وارو دٻو ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ صفحي کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] يا ان جي ڪنهن ذيلي زمري ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == ; بنيادي : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول جو نالو''}} ; سڀئي پيراميٽر : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول 1''|''ماڊيول 2''|''ماڊيول 3''|...|category{{=}}''ڪسٽم زمرو''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} پهريون ماڊيول جو نالو لازمي آهي۔ == مثال == * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:$Example$}} {{Lua|Module:$Example$|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua}} {{Lua|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == زمربندي == ===سانچي جو زمرو=== هي سانچو صفحن کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو جيڪڏهن صفحو سانچا نيم اسپيس ۾ هجي ۽ اهو /doc، /sandbox، /sandbox2 يا /testcases ذيلي صفحن مان نه هجي۔ توهان {{para|category}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري ٻيو زمرو به مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا، مثال طور {{para|category|Lua String تي ٻڌل سانچا}}۔ ڪجهه ماڊيولن لاءِ اڳواٽ زمرا مختلف هوندا آهن: * [[Module:String]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:String Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Math]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Math Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:BaseConvert]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:BaseConvert Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Citation/CS1]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Citation/CS1 Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ ===غلطي وارو زمرو=== جيڪڏهن ڪو به ماڊيول ڏنل نه هجي، ته شامل ڪيل صفحو [[:زمرو:Lua سانچا جن ۾ غلطيون آهن]] ۾ شامل ڪيو ويندو۔ ===زمرو بند ڪرڻ=== سڀني زمربندي کي روڪڻ لاءِ {{para|nocat|true}} استعمال ڪريو۔ ("true" کان علاوه "yes"، "y"، ۽ "1" پڻ ڪم ڪندا۔) == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:TNT|doc|Lua banner}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:Lua (لوا)]] * {{tl|module rating}} * {{tl|Uses TemplateStyles}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا جا Lua سان لاڳاپيل سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا نيم اسپيس جا سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽر وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 6wwnfixlchajbhimclm3mbl8eabzoo6 375490 375489 2026-05-02T20:38:45Z Intisar Ali 8681 375490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template redirects|Lua talk|Uses Lua}} <!-- زمرا صفحي جي هيٺيان حصي ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} هي سانچو ان ڳالهه جي نشاندهي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي ته ڪو سانچو هڪ يا وڌيڪ [[Lua (لوا)]] ماڊيول (يعني <code>Module:</code> نيم اسپيس ۾ صفحا) استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ اهو سانچي جي /doc صفحي جي مٿئين حصي ۾ رکيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو پاڻمرادو ساڄي پاسي هڪ تيرندڙ اطلاع وارو دٻو ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ صفحي کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] يا ان جي ڪنهن ذيلي زمري ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == ; بنيادي : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول جو نالو''}} ; سڀئي پيراميٽر : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول 1''|''ماڊيول 2''|''ماڊيول 3''|...|category{{=}}''ڪسٽم زمرو''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} پهريون ماڊيول جو نالو لازمي آهي۔ == مثال == * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:$Example$}} {{Lua|Module:$Example$|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua}} {{Lua|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == زمربندي == ===سانچي جو زمرو=== هي سانچو صفحن کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو جيڪڏهن صفحو سانچا نيم اسپيس ۾ هجي ۽ اهو /doc، /sandbox، /sandbox2 يا /testcases ذيلي صفحن مان نه هجي۔ توهان {{para|category}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري ٻيو زمرو به مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا، مثال طور {{para|category|Lua String تي ٻڌل سانچا}}۔ ڪجهه ماڊيولن لاءِ اڳواٽ زمرا مختلف هوندا آهن: * [[Module:String]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:String Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Math]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Math Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:BaseConvert]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:BaseConvert Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Citation/CS1]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Citation/CS1 Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ ===غلطي وارو زمرو=== جيڪڏهن ڪو به ماڊيول ڏنل نه هجي، ته شامل ڪيل صفحو [[:زمرو:Lua سانچا جن ۾ غلطيون آهن]] ۾ شامل ڪيو ويندو۔ ===زمرو بند ڪرڻ=== سڀني زمربندي کي روڪڻ لاءِ {{para|nocat|true}} استعمال ڪريو۔ ("true" کان علاوه "yes"، "y"، ۽ "1" پڻ ڪم ڪندا۔) == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:TNT|doc|Lua banner}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:لووا (لوا)]] * {{tl|module rating}} * {{tl|Uses TemplateStyles}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا جا Lua سان لاڳاپيل سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا نيم اسپيس جا سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽر وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 264vmuin46oxl3lnaxx2r7q4jlpwjhn 375491 375490 2026-05-02T20:39:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* پڻ ڏسو */ 375491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Template redirects|Lua talk|Uses Lua}} <!-- زمرا صفحي جي هيٺيان حصي ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{High-use}} {{Lua|Module:Lua banner}} هي سانچو ان ڳالهه جي نشاندهي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي ته ڪو سانچو هڪ يا وڌيڪ [[Lua (لوا)]] ماڊيول (يعني <code>Module:</code> نيم اسپيس ۾ صفحا) استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ اهو سانچي جي /doc صفحي جي مٿئين حصي ۾ رکيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو پاڻمرادو ساڄي پاسي هڪ تيرندڙ اطلاع وارو دٻو ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ صفحي کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] يا ان جي ڪنهن ذيلي زمري ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == ; بنيادي : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول جو نالو''}} ; سڀئي پيراميٽر : {{tlx|Lua|''ماڊيول 1''|''ماڊيول 2''|''ماڊيول 3''|...|category{{=}}''ڪسٽم زمرو''|nocat{{=}}''true''}} پهريون ماڊيول جو نالو لازمي آهي۔ == مثال == * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example}} {{Lua|Module:Example|Module:Example|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua|Module:$Example$}} {{Lua|Module:$Example$|nocat=true}} {{clear}} * {{tlx|Lua}} {{Lua|nocat=true}} {{clear}} == زمربندي == ===سانچي جو زمرو=== هي سانچو صفحن کي [[:زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا]] ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو جيڪڏهن صفحو سانچا نيم اسپيس ۾ هجي ۽ اهو /doc، /sandbox، /sandbox2 يا /testcases ذيلي صفحن مان نه هجي۔ توهان {{para|category}} پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري ٻيو زمرو به مقرر ڪري سگهو ٿا، مثال طور {{para|category|Lua String تي ٻڌل سانچا}}۔ ڪجهه ماڊيولن لاءِ اڳواٽ زمرا مختلف هوندا آهن: * [[Module:String]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:String Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Math]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Math Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:BaseConvert]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:BaseConvert Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ * [[Module:Citation/CS1]] جو اڳواٽ زمرو [[:زمرو:Citation/CS1 Lua ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا]] آهي۔ ===غلطي وارو زمرو=== جيڪڏهن ڪو به ماڊيول ڏنل نه هجي، ته شامل ڪيل صفحو [[:زمرو:Lua سانچا جن ۾ غلطيون آهن]] ۾ شامل ڪيو ويندو۔ ===زمرو بند ڪرڻ=== سڀني زمربندي کي روڪڻ لاءِ {{para|nocat|true}} استعمال ڪريو۔ ("true" کان علاوه "yes"، "y"، ۽ "1" پڻ ڪم ڪندا۔) == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} {{#invoke:TNT|doc|Lua banner}} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:لُووا]] * {{tl|module rating}} * {{tl|Uses TemplateStyles}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:Lua تي ٻڌل سانچا| ]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا جا Lua سان لاڳاپيل سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا نيم اسپيس جا سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽر وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> rekienxxwrkrxg8o7o2ipl9x96smcp4 0 58365 375637 214866 2026-05-03T11:37:38Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* ٻاھريان ڳنڍڻا */ 375637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ڄاڻ خانو فلم |name=ڪورونا زومبيز Corona Zombies |image=Corona Zombies (2020) poster.jpg |caption=پروموشنل رليز پوسٽر |director=[[چارلس بانڊ]] |writer=ڪينٽ رودي بش<br>سلويا ايس ٽي. ڪروئڪس |producer=چارلس بانڊ |starring=ڪوڊي ريني ريني ڪيمرون<br>رسل ڪوڪر<br>[[رابن سڊني]] |music=|editing=|released={{film date|2020|04|10|ref1=<ref name=guardian>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/apr/13/corona-zombies-film-full-moon-features|title= Corona Zombies: the terrible movie we might just need right now|last=Heritage|first=Stuart|date=April 13, 2020|work=[[دي گارڊين]]|access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref>}}|distributor=Full Moon Features|runtime=61 منٽ|country=يونائيٽيڊ اسٽيٽس|language=انگلش|budget=}} '''ڪورونا زوميز''' ھڪ آمريڪي ڪاميڊي ھارر فلم آھي، جنھن جي ھدايتڪاري چارلس بانڊ، ۽ فل مون فيچرز ان فلم جي پيشڪش ۽ ڊسٽرريبيوٽ ڪيو آھي. ھيءَ فلم [[ڪوروناوائرس روڳ 2019|ڪووڊ 19]] [[2019–20 ڪوروناوائرس مها وبا|مھاوبا]] کان مُتاثر ٿي ٺاھي وئي آھي، فلم جو اسٽار ڪوڊي ريني ڪيمرون ھڪ باربي، عورت آھي جيڪا پاڻ کي [[ڪوروناوائرس روڳ 2019]] منجھان مُتاثر ٿيل زومبيز سان مُنھن ڏئي ٿي. == اداڪار == * ڪوڊي ريني ڪيمرون باربي جي ڪردار طور * رسل ڪوڪر ڪورونا زومبي جي ڪردار طور * [[ رابن سڊني |رابن سڊني]] ڪينڊرا جي ڪردار ۾ == پراڊڪشن == == جاري == فلم 10 اپريل 2020 تي فل مون فيچرز جي ويب سائيٽ ۽ ايپ ذريعي ڊجيٽل انداز ۾ پريميئر ڪئي. <ref name="nme">{{حوالو ويب|url=https://www.nme.com/news/film/corona-zombies-covid-19-coronavirus-film-2647036|title='Corona Zombies': someone has already made a horror film about COVID-19|last=Kemp|first=Ella|date=April 16, 2020|website=[[NME]]|access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{حوالو ويب|url=https://www.joblo.com/horror-movies/news/exclusive-trailer-corona-zombies|title=Exclusive Trailer: Full Moon's Corona Zombies!|last=Sprague|first=Mike|date=March 24, 2020|website=[[Arrow in the Head]]|access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[سينيما تي ڪووڊ-19 جو اثر|سينيما تي COVID-19 ڇڪتاڻ جو اثر]] * [[ڪورونا (فلم)|''ڪورونا'' (فلم)]] == حوالا == {{حوالا}} == ٻاھريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{آءِ ايم ڊي بي عنوان|12098392}} * Corona Zombies at Rotten Tomatoes [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:2020ع جون فلمون]] nq5dpjjihou2thwnskk6wxrcw7bp9bb 0 64074 375634 227876 2026-05-03T11:33:21Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = بغداد جو چور | image = The Thief of Bagdad (1924) - film poster.jpg | producer = [[ڊگلس فيئربينڪس]] | director = رائول والش | writer = [[ڊگلس فيئربينڪس]] (ڪهاڻي)<br/>احمد عبداللہ (منظر ڪشي)<br/>لوٽا ووڊز | starring = [[ڊگلس فيئربينڪس]]<br/>سنٽز ايڊرڊز<br/>چارلز بلچر<br/>جولاني جانسٽن<br/>انا مئي وونگ | music = مورٽيمر ولسن | cinematography = آرٿر ايڊيسن | editing = وليم لولان | distributor = يوناٽيڊ آرٽسٽ | released = {{film date|1924|3|18}} | runtime = 140&nbsp;منٽ | country = [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا]] | language = [[خاموش فلم]]<br/>[[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = آمريڪي ڊالر 1,135,654.65 |gross = آمريڪي ڊالر1.5 ملين<ref name="quig">[https://archive.org/stream/international193738quig#page/942/mode/2up/search/%22box+office%22 Quigley Publishing Company "The All Time Best Sellers"، ''International Motion Picture Almanac 1937–38 (1938)'' p 942] accessed 19 اپريل 2014</ref> }} ''[[فائل:The Thief of Bagdad (1924).webm|کاٻو|thumb|thumbtime=2|upright=1.5|The Thief of Bagdad]]'' '''بغداد جو چور''' [[1924]] ۾ ٺاهيل هڪ خاموش آمريڪي فلم آهي. اها فلم لوڪ داستان جي ڪتاب [[الف ليليٰ|الف ليلہ]] جي هڪ [[بغداد جو چور|ڪهاڻي]] تي ٻَڌل آهي. ان جو هدايتڪار [[رائول والش]] هيو ۽ مرڪزي ڪردار [[ڊگلس فيئربينڪس]] نڀايو هيو. 1996 ۾ [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا]] جي قومي فلم رجسٽري ۾ سانڍڻ جي لاءِ ڪتاب خانو ڪانگريس ان فلم کي '''ثقافتي، تاريخي يا خوبصورتي''' جي لحاظ کان اهم فلم طور چونڊ ڪئي.<ref>[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/T/ThiefOfBagdad1924.html ''The Thief of Bagdad'' at silentera.com database]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Complete National Film Registry Listing {{!}} Film Registry {{!}} National Film Preservation Board {{!}} Programs at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress|url=https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/|website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA|access-date=13 مئي، 2020}}</ref> ڊگلس فيئربينڪس جي پٽ جي مطابق، فيئربينڪ ان کي پنهنجي فلمن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ پسند واري فلم ڄاڻايو آهي.<ref>Vance, Jeffrey (2008)۔ ''Douglas Fairbanks''۔ Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, p. 181 {{ISBN|978-0-520-25667-5}}۔</ref> '' بغداد جو چور'' کي هاڻي وڏي پيماني تي هڪ خاموش فلمن ۽ فيئير بينڪس جو سڀ کان وڏو ڪم سمجهيو ويندو آهي.<ref>Vance, Jeffrey (2008)۔ ''Douglas Fairbanks''۔ Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, p. 153 {{ISBN|978-0-520-25667-5}}۔</ref> == ڪردار == * [[ڊگلس فيئربينڪس]]، احمد بطور بغداد جو چور * [[سنٽز ايڊورڊز]] بطور بديہ ايسوسيئيٽ * [[چارلس بيلچر (اداڪار)|چارلس بيلچر]] بحيثيت القدس (امام) / بيانيہ * [[جولين جانسٽن]] بطور شهزادي * [[سوجن ڪامياما]] چم شانگ، منگولن جو شهزادو * [[انامي وانگ]] بطور منگول غلام * [[برانڊن هورسٽ]] بطور خليفو * [[ٽوٽ ڊو ڪرو]] بطور سوتسائر * [[نوبل جانسن]] انڊيز جو شهزادو جي حيثيت سان * [[ميٿيلڊ ڪامونٽ]] بطور شهزادو فارس * [[سام بيڪر (اداڪار)|سام بيڪر]] بطور سوار<ref>{{cite book |last1=Soister |first1=John T. |last2=Nicolella |first2=Henry |last3=Joyce |first3=Steve |title=American Silent Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Feature Films, 1913–1929 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ajXwxJuYd5gC&pg=PA559 |publisher=[[McFarland Publishing]] |year=2013 |page=559 |isbn=978-0-7864-8790-5}}</ref> * [[سداڪي هارٽ مين]] بحيثيت عدالت جادوگر * لاس ڪا موسم سرما بطور غلام سنڪي ٻئي عالمي جنگ جي سپاهي [[جيڪ چرچل]] جو به هڪ اَڻ ٽُٽ حصو هيو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Meredith|first=Anthony|title=The Pilot and the Commando: The interlinked lives of two young Christians in the Second World War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLM8mqMdGeQC&pg=PA47|year= 2011|publisher=Author House|isbn=978-1-4678-7762-6|page=47}}</ref> == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[الف ليليٰ|الف ليلہ]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:LCCN سان سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ وڪيپيڊيا مضمون]] 20ym2jetmn703nepp1e4klr760t6so6 0 64076 375633 252430 2026-05-03T11:32:07Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = بغداد جو چور | image = Thief Of Bagdad (1940).jpg | caption = فلم جو اشتهار [[1947]] ۾ فلم جي ٻيهر نمائش تي | director = مائيڪل پاول<br/>لڊوگ برجر <br/>ٽم ويلان<br/>'''نالو ظاهر نه ڪندڙ:'''<br/>اليگزنڊر ڪردا<br/>زولٽان ڪوردا<br/>وليم ڪيمرون | producer = اليگزنڊر ڪردا | writer = لوئس برو<br/>ميل ميلسن | starring = ڪانراڊ ويدت<br/>سابو دستگير<br/>جان جسٽن<br/>جون ڊوپرز | music = مڪلو روساس | cinematography = جاجز پيرنال | editing = چارلس ڪريٽن | studio = لنڊن فلمز | distributor = يوناٽيڊ آرٽسٽ (يو ڪي/يو ايس) | released = {{film date|df=yes|1940|12|5|US|1940|12|25|UK}} | runtime = 106 منٽ | country = انگلستان | language = انگريزي | budget = |gross = $1 ملين کان وڌيڪ (امريڪا/ڪينيڊا)<ref name="tino">{{cite book |last=Balio |first=Tino |title=United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars |date=2009 |publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]] |isbn=978-0-299-23004-3}} p172</ref><br/>5,134,653 admissions (فرانس، 1946)<ref>[http://translate.google.com.au/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.boxofficestory.com/&prev=search French box office of 1946] at Box Office Story</ref> }} بغداد جو چور 1940 ع جي هڪ انگريزي فلم آهي. فلم مشهور ڪهاڻيڪار جي ڪتاب الف ليلا ولي ليلا تي ٻڌل آهي ان جي ڊائريڪٽرن ۾ مائیکل پاول ، لودوگ برگر ، ٽم ويلان ، اليگزينڊر ڪارا اڻ نمايان والون ۾ ، زولتن ڪورڊا ۽ وليم ڪيمرون شامل هئا. ڪهاڻي لوئس براؤن ۽ ميل ميلسن لکيو هو. ڪنراڊ ويدانت ، صابو دستگير ، جان جسٽن ۽ جان ڊوپر بنيادي ڪردار هئا. '''بغداد جو چور''' [[1940]] ۾ ٺاهيل هڪ انگريزي فلم آهي. اها فلم لوڪ داستان جي ڪتاب [[الف ليليٰ|الف ليلہ]] جي هڪ [[بغداد جو چور|ڪهاڻي]] تي ٺهيل آهي. ان جي هدايتڪارن ۾ مائيڪل پاول، لڊوگ برجر، ٽم ويلان، نالو ظاهر نه ڪندڙن ۾ اليگزنڊر ڪردا، زولٽان ڪوردا ۽ وليم ڪيمرون شامل هئا. ان جي ڪهاڻي لوئس برو ۽ ميل ميلسن لکي هئي. ڪانراڊ ويدت، سابو دستگير، جان جسٽن ۽ جون ڊوپرز مک ڪردار هئا. جيتوڻيڪ هيءَ پروڊڪشن [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|1924 جي ورزن]] جو ريميڪ هيو، پر ٻنهي فلم ۾ ڪيترو ئي فرق آهي: سڀ کان اهم ڳالهه اها ته 1940 جي ورزن ۾ چور ۽ شهزادو الڳ الڳ ڪردار آهن.ہیں۔ == ڪاسٽ == * [[ڪونراڊ ويڊٽ]] بطور جعفر * [[صابو دستگير|صابو]] بحيثيت ابو * [[جون ڊوپريز]] بطور شهزادي * [[جان جسٽن]] بطور احمد * [[ريڪس انگرام (اداڪار)|ريڪس انگرام]] بطور دجن * [[ميلز ميلسن]] بصره جو سلطان جي حيثيت سان * [[مورٽن سيلٽن]] بطور پراڻو شاهه * [[مريم مورس]] بطور حليمہ، جعفر جي ايجنٽ ۽ "سلور نوڪراڻي" * بروس ونسٽن بطور واپاري * [[هي پيٽري]] نجومي جي حيثيت سان * [[ايڊيليڊ هال]] بطور راڳي * [[رائي ايمرٽن]] بطور جيلر * [[ايلن جيس]] بطور ڪهاڻي ٻُڌائيندڙ * [[رابرٽ گريگ]] بصره جو ماڻهو جون ڊوپريز جو ڪردار بي نالو آهي. ان کي رڳو "شهزادي" سڏيو ويندو آهي ۽ "شهزادي"، "منهنجي عزيز" وغيره جي طور تي سڏيو ويندو آهي. اليگزينڊر ڪورڊا ويوين ليہ کي شهزادي طور ڪاسٽ ڪرڻ جو ارادو ڪيو هيو، پر اها [[لارنس اوليوير]] سان گڏ رهڻ جي لاءِ هالي وڊ هلي وئي. == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[الف ليليٰ|الف ليلہ]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمون]] == ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا == * {{tcmdb title|498726}} * {{IMDb title|0033152}} * {{Amg movie|49447|The Thief of Bagdad}} * {{Screenonline title|438437}} * [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/Reviews/40_Thief Reviews and articles] at the [http://www.powell-pressburger.org/ Powell & Pressburger Pages] * [http://thethunderchild.com/Movies/Fantasies/ThiefofBagdad/MakingBagdad.html The Making of the Thief of Bagdad] * {{Rotten Tomatoes|1021232_thief_of_bagdad?}} * [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/496-the-thief-of-bagdad-arabian-fantasies ''The Thief of Bagdad: Arabian Fantasies''] an essay by Andrew Moor at the [[Criterion Collection]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] d49h4e4ugvpfw19tifitf6kbc7ej218 0 71675 375632 252169 2026-05-03T11:30:51Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Pushpa: The Rise – Part 01 | image = Pushpa - The Rise (2021 film).jpg | caption = ٿيٽر رليز پوسٽر | director = [[سوڪمار]] | producer = نوين يرني<br />واءِ روي شنڪر | writer = سوڪمار <br> [[سريڪانت ويسا]] {{small|(ڊائلاگ)}} | starring = <!--Order as per the film's on-screen credits-->{{ubl|[[آلو ارجن]]|[[فهد فاضل]]|[[ريشميڪا منڊانا]]}} | music = [[ديوي سري پرساد]] | cinematography = مرسولا ڪوبا بروزڪ Mirosław Kuba Brożek | editing = [[ڪارتيڪا سرينواس]]<br />[[روبن (فلم ايڊيٽر)|روبين]] | studio = {{ubl| [[ميٿري مووي ميڪرز]]| متمسيٺي ميڊيا}} | distributor = {{ubl|اي4 انٽرٽينمنٽ ([[ڪيرالا]])|[[لائيڪا پروڊڪشنز]]|سري لڪشمي موويز ([[تامل ناڊو]])| گولڊمائنز ٽيليفلمز پرائيوٽ لميٽڊ|[[اي اي فلمز]] ([[اتر هندستان]])|سواگت انٽرپرائزز ([[ڪرناٽڪا|ڪرناٽڪ]])}} | released = {{Film date|df=y|2021|12|17}} | runtime = 175 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/pushpa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdaxnda5|title=Pushpa (Film)|website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=23 December 2021|archive-date=17 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217045319/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/pushpa-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdaxnda5|url-status=live}}</ref> | country = ڀارت | language = تيلگو | budget = {{INR}}200–250 crores<ref>{{cite web|title=New Releases: Shava Ni Girdhari Lal {{!}} Spider-Man: No Way Home {{!}} Pushpa|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/new-releases-350947|website=The Tribune|date=16 December 2021|access-date=16 December 2021|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216151012/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/new-releases-350947|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-allu-arjun-starrer-pushpa/photostory/82568954.cms?picid=82568997|title=Allu Arjun's Pushpa Movie: 5 things you need to know about Allu Arjun starrer 'Pushpa'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 May 2021|access-date=18 June 2021|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625192517/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-allu-arjun-starrer-pushpa/photostory/82568954.cms?picid=82568997|url-status=live}}</ref> | gross = {{Estimation}} {{INR|365 crores}}<ref name="BO">{{cite news|title='Pushpa: The Rise' completes 50 days at the box office; Allu Arjun, Rashmika Mandanna's film grosses Rs 365 crore worldwide|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/pushpa-the-rise-completes-50-days-at-the-box-office-allu-arjun-rashmika-mandannas-film-grosses-rs-365-crore-worldwide/articleshow/89341663.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 February 2022|access-date=4 February 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> }} پشپا: دي رائز - پارٽ 1 2021 جي هندستاني تيلگو ايڪشن ڊراما فلم آهي، جيڪا لکمار ۽ هدايتڪاري ڪئي وئي آهي سوڪمار ۽ هدايتڪار اللو ارجن. فهد فضل هن فلم سان تيلگو فلم انڊسٽري ۾ قدم رکيو آهي، هن فلم ۾ سنيل، داننجئي، اجوئي گهوش، جگديش پرتاپ بندري، انسويا ڀاردواج ۽ رائو رميش پڻ معاون ڪردار ادا ڪيا آهن. ممٿم سٽي ميڊيا جي سهڪار سان ميٿري مووي ميڪرز پاران پروڊيوس ڪيل، فلم لکندڙ ۽ هدايتڪار سکرمار آهي. فلم نوين يارني ۽ يو روي شنڪر پاران پروڊيوس ڪئي وئي آهي. ۽ فلم ۾ موسيقي ديوي سري پرساد جي آهي، == ڪهاڻي == پشپا راج (آلو ارجن) هڪ ٻيلي قبيلي جو ميمبر، جيڪو رضاڪارانه طور تي لال صندل (لال صندل) اسمگل ڪرڻ لاءِ تيار ٿيو هو، هڪ نادر ڪاٺ آهي، جيڪو آنڌرا پرديش ۾ چتور ضلعي جي شيشاچلم جبلن ۾ پيدا ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ڊي ايس پي گووندپا انهن کي جنگل ۾ ڇڪيندو آهي، پشپا چالاڪي سان اسٽاڪ کي لڪائيندو آهي ۽ ان کي پنهنجي ملازم ڪانڊا ريڊي ڏانهن موٽائي ٿو، هن جو اعتماد حاصل ڪري ٿو. لال صندل (لال صندل) جي اسمگلنگ لاءِ نون خيالن جي مدد سان، پشپا جلدي صفن ۾ شامل ٿي وڃي ٿي ۽ ڪانڊا ريڊيءَ جي لال چندن جي اسمگلنگ نيٽ ورڪ ۾ شريڪ ٿئي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمون]] bvj1mzjzkabfrpd03ao0kpfnvtfssg7 828 76653 375466 273544 2026-05-02T18:31:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 375466 Scribunto text/plain --[[ A module for generating test case templates. This module incorporates code from the English Wikipedia's "Testcase table" module,[1] written by Frietjes [2] with contributions by Mr. Stradivarius [3] and Jackmcbarn,[4] and the English Wikipedia's "Testcase rows" module,[5] written by Mr. Stradivarius. The "Testcase table" and "Testcase rows" modules are released under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License [6] and the GFDL.[7] License: CC BY-SA 3.0 and the GFDL Author: Mr. Stradivarius [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_table [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Frietjes [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mr._Stradivarius [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jackmcbarn [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_rows [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License ]] -- Load required modules local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Set constants local DATA_MODULE = 'Module:Template test case/data' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Shared methods ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(self, key, ...) -- This method is added to classes that need to deal with messages from the -- config module. local msg = self.cfg.msg[key] if select(1, ...) then return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() else return msg end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Template = {} Template.memoizedMethods = { -- Names of methods to be memoized in each object. This table should only -- hold methods with no parameters. getFullPage = true, getName = true, makeHeader = true, getOutput = true } function Template.new(invocationObj, options) local obj = {} -- Set input for k, v in pairs(options or {}) do if not Template[k] then obj[k] = v end end obj._invocation = invocationObj -- Validate input if not obj.template and not obj.title then error('no template or title specified', 2) end -- Memoize expensive method calls local memoFuncs = {} return setmetatable(obj, { __index = function (t, key) if Template.memoizedMethods[key] then local func = memoFuncs[key] if not func then local val = Template[key](t) func = function () return val end memoFuncs[key] = func end return func else return Template[key] end end }) end function Template:getFullPage() if not self.template then return self.title.prefixedText elseif self.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke' then return 'Module' .. self.template:sub(8):gsub('|.*', '') else local strippedTemplate, hasColon = self.template:gsub('^:', '', 1) hasColon = hasColon > 0 local ns = strippedTemplate:match('^(.-):') ns = ns and mw.site.namespaces[ns] if ns then return strippedTemplate elseif hasColon then return strippedTemplate -- Main namespace else return mw.site.namespaces[10].name .. ':' .. strippedTemplate end end end function Template:getName() if self.template then return self.template else return require('Module:Template invocation').name(self.title) end end function Template:makeLink(display) if display then return string.format('[[:%s|%s]]', self:getFullPage(), display) else return string.format('[[:%s]]', self:getFullPage()) end end function Template:makeBraceLink(display) display = display or self:getName() local link = self:makeLink(display) return mw.text.nowiki('{{') .. link .. mw.text.nowiki('}}') end function Template:makeHeader() return self.heading or self:makeBraceLink() end function Template:getInvocation(format) local invocation = self._invocation:getInvocation{ template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, } if format == 'code' then invocation = '<code>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</code>' elseif format == 'kbd' then invocation = '<kbd>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</kbd>' elseif format == 'plain' then invocation = mw.text.nowiki(invocation) else -- Default is pre tags invocation = mw.text.encode(invocation, '&') invocation = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. invocation .. '</pre>' invocation = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end return invocation end function Template:getOutput() local protect = require('Module:Protect') -- calling self._invocation:getOutput{...} return protect(self._invocation.getOutput)(self._invocation, { template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, }) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- TestCase class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TestCase = {} TestCase.__index = TestCase TestCase.message = message -- add the message method TestCase.renderMethods = { -- Keys in this table are values of the "format" option, values are the -- method for rendering that format. columns = 'renderColumns', rows = 'renderRows', tablerows = 'renderRows', inline = 'renderInline', cells = 'renderCells', default = 'renderDefault' } function TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TestCase) obj.cfg = cfg -- Separate general options from template options. Template options are -- numbered, whereas general options are not. local generalOptions, templateOptions = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(options) do local prefix, num if type(k) == 'string' then prefix, num = k:match('^(.-)([1-9][0-9]*)$') end if prefix then num = tonumber(num) templateOptions[num] = templateOptions[num] or {} templateOptions[num][prefix] = v else generalOptions[k] = v end end -- Set general options generalOptions.showcode = yesno(generalOptions.showcode) generalOptions.showheader = yesno(generalOptions.showheader) ~= false generalOptions.showcaption = yesno(generalOptions.showcaption) ~= false generalOptions.collapsible = yesno(generalOptions.collapsible) generalOptions.notcollapsed = yesno(generalOptions.notcollapsed) generalOptions.wantdiff = yesno(generalOptions.wantdiff) obj.options = generalOptions -- Preprocess template args for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate ~= nil then t.showtemplate = yesno(t.showtemplate) end end -- Set up first two template options tables, so that if only the -- "template3" is specified it isn't made the first template when the -- the table options array is compressed. templateOptions[1] = templateOptions[1] or {} templateOptions[2] = templateOptions[2] or {} -- Allow the "template" option to override the "template1" option for -- backwards compatibility with [[Module:Testcase table]]. if generalOptions.template then templateOptions[1].template = generalOptions.template end -- Add default template options if templateOptions[1].template and not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].template = templateOptions[1].template .. '/' .. obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage end if not templateOptions[1].template then templateOptions[1].title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().basePageTitle end if not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].title = templateOptions[1].title:subPageTitle( obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage ) end -- Remove template options for any templates where the showtemplate -- argument is false. This prevents any output for that template. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate == false then templateOptions[num] = nil end end -- Check for missing template names. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if not t.template and not t.title then error(obj:message( 'missing-template-option-error', num, num ), 2) end end -- Compress templateOptions table so we can iterate over it with ipairs. templateOptions = (function (t) local nums = {} for num in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = num end table.sort(nums) local ret = {} for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end)(templateOptions) -- Don't require the __TEMPLATENAME__ magic word for nowiki invocations if -- there is only one template being output. if #templateOptions <= 1 then templateOptions[1].requireMagicWord = false end mw.logObject(templateOptions) -- Make the template objects obj.templates = {} for i, options in ipairs(templateOptions) do table.insert(obj.templates, Template.new(invocationObj, options)) end -- Add tracking categories. At the moment we are only tracking templates -- that use any "heading" parameters or an "output" parameter. obj.categories = {} for k, v in pairs(options) do if type(k) == 'string' and k:find('heading') then obj.categories['Test cases using heading parameters'] = true elseif k == 'output' then obj.categories['Test cases using output parameter'] = true end end return obj end function TestCase:getTemplateOutput(templateObj) local output = templateObj:getOutput() if self.options.resetRefs then mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('references') end return output end function TestCase:templateOutputIsEqual() -- Returns a boolean showing whether all of the template outputs are equal. -- The random parts of strip markers (see [[Help:Strip markers]]) are -- removed before comparison. This means a strip marker can contain anything -- and still be treated as equal, but it solves the problem of otherwise -- identical wikitext not returning as exactly equal. local function normaliseOutput(obj) local out = obj:getOutput() -- Remove the random parts from strip markers. out = out:gsub('(\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%l+%-)%x+(%-%-?QINU[^\127]*\127)', '%1%2') return out end local firstOutput = normaliseOutput(self.templates[1]) for i = 2, #self.templates do local output = normaliseOutput(self.templates[i]) if output ~= firstOutput then return false end end return true end function TestCase:makeCollapsible(s) local title = self.options.title or self.templates[1]:makeHeader() if self.options.titlecode then title = self.templates[1]:getInvocation('kbd') end local isEqual = self:templateOutputIsEqual() local root = mw.html.create('div') root :wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Template test case/styles.css' }, }) :addClass('mw-collapsible') :addClass('test-case-collapsible') :addClass(self.options.notcollapsed == false and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) if self.options.wantdiff then root :tag('div') :addClass(isEqual and 'test-case-collapsible-b1' or 'test-case-collapsible-b2') :wikitext(title) :done() else if self.options.notcollapsed ~= true or false then root :addClass(isEqual and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) end root :tag('div') :addClass(isEqual and 'test-case-collapsible-b3' or 'test-case-collapsible-b1') :wikitext(title) :done() end root :tag('div') :addClass('mw-collapsible-content') :newline() :wikitext(s) :newline() return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderColumns() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') if self.options.showheader then -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Headers local headerRow = tableroot:tag('tr') if self.options.rowheader then -- rowheader is correct here. We need to add another th cell if -- rowheader is set further down, even if heading0 is missing. headerRow:tag('th'):wikitext(self.options.heading0) end local width if #self.templates > 0 then width = tostring(math.floor(100 / #self.templates)) .. '%' else width = '100%' end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do headerRow :tag('th') :css('width', width) :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) end end -- Row header local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr'):css('vertical-align', 'top') if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :wikitext(self.options.rowheader) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderRows() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) if self.options.caption then tableroot :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption) end for _, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') -- Header if self.options.showheader then if self.options.format == 'tablerows' then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('text-align', 'left') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow:tag('td') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('padding', '0 1em') :wikitext('→') else dataRow:tag('td') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') end end -- Template output if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderInline() local arrow = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getArrow('forwards') local ret = {} for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' if self.options.showcode then line[#line + 1] = obj:getInvocation('code') line[#line + 1] = ' ' line[#line + 1] = arrow line[#line + 1] = ' ' end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then line[#line + 1] = self.options.before or "" line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) line[#line + 1] = self.options.after or "" line[#line + 1] = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") line[#line + 1] = '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") else line[#line + 1] = self.options.before or "" line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) line[#line + 1] = self.options.after or "" end ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end if self.options.addline then local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' line[#line + 1] = self.options.addline ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end return table.concat(ret, '\n') end function TestCase:renderCells() local root = mw.html.create() local dataRow = root:tag('tr') dataRow :css('vertical-align', 'top') :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) -- Row header if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.rowheader or self:message('row-header')) end -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Show code if self.options.showcode then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self:getInvocation('code')) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderDefault() local ret = {} if self.options.showcode then ret[#ret + 1] = self.templates[1]:getInvocation() end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do ret[#ret + 1] = '<div style="clear: both;"></div>' if self.options.showheader then ret[#ret + 1] = obj:makeHeader() end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then ret[#ret + 1] = (self.options.before or "") .. self:getTemplateOutput(obj) .. (self.options.after or "") .. '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") .. mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") .. '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then ret[#ret + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") .. mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") else ret[#ret + 1] = (self.options.before or "") .. self:getTemplateOutput(obj) .. (self.options.after or "") end end return table.concat(ret, '\n\n') end function TestCase:__tostring() local format = self.options.format local method = format and TestCase.renderMethods[format] or 'renderDefault' local ret = self[method](self) if self.options.collapsible then ret = self:makeCollapsible(ret) end for cat in pairs(self.categories) do ret = ret .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nowiki invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local NowikiInvocation = {} NowikiInvocation.__index = NowikiInvocation NowikiInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function NowikiInvocation.new(invocation, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, NowikiInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg invocation = mw.text.unstrip(invocation) -- Decode HTML entities for <, >, and ". This means that HTML entities in -- the original code must be escaped as e.g. &amp;lt;, which is unfortunate, -- but it is the best we can do as the distinction between <, >, " and &lt;, -- &gt;, &quot; is lost during the original nowiki operation. invocation = invocation:gsub('&lt;', '<') invocation = invocation:gsub('&gt;', '>') invocation = invocation:gsub('&quot;', '"') obj.invocation = invocation return obj end function NowikiInvocation:getInvocation(options) local template = options.template:gsub('%%', '%%%%') -- Escape "%" with "%%" local invocation, count = self.invocation:gsub( self.cfg.templateNameMagicWordPattern, template ) if options.requireMagicWord ~= false and count < 1 then error(self:message( 'nowiki-magic-word-error', self.cfg.templateNameMagicWord )) end return invocation end function NowikiInvocation:getOutput(options) local invocation = self:getInvocation(options) return mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Table invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TableInvocation = {} TableInvocation.__index = TableInvocation TableInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TableInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg obj.invokeArgs = invokeArgs obj.code = nowikiCode return obj end function TableInvocation:getInvocation(options) if self.code then local nowikiObj = NowikiInvocation.new(self.code, self.cfg) return nowikiObj:getInvocation(options) else return require('Module:Template invocation').invocation( options.template, self.invokeArgs ) end end function TableInvocation:getOutput(options) if (options.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke') then local moduleCall = mw.text.split(options.template, '|', true) local args = mw.clone(self.invokeArgs) table.insert(args, 1, moduleCall[2]) return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction(moduleCall[1], args) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = options.template, args = self.invokeArgs } end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bridge functions -- -- These functions translate template arguments into forms that can be accepted -- by the different classes, and return the results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local bridge = {} function bridge.table(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) local options, invokeArgs = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local optionKey = type(k) == 'string' and k:match('^_(.*)$') if optionKey then if type(v) == 'string' then v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace end if v ~= '' then options[optionKey] = v end else invokeArgs[k] = v end end -- Allow passing a nowiki invocation as an option. While this means users -- have to pass in the code twice, whitespace is preserved and &lt; etc. -- will work as intended. local nowikiCode = options.code options.code = nil local invocationObj = TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end function bridge.nowiki(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) -- Convert args beginning with _ for consistency with the normal bridge local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local normalName = type(k) == "string" and string.match(k, "^_(.*)$") if normalName then newArgs[normalName] = v else newArgs[k] = v end end local code = newArgs.code or newArgs[1] local invocationObj = NowikiInvocation.new(code, cfg) newArgs.code = nil newArgs[1] = nil -- Assume we want to see the code as we already passed it in. newArgs.showcode = newArgs.showcode or true local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, newArgs, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) -- Load the wrapper config, if any. local wrapperConfig if frame.getParent then local title = frame:getParent():getTitle() local template = title:gsub(cfg.sandboxSubpagePattern, '') wrapperConfig = cfg.wrappers[template] end -- Work out the function we will call, use it to generate the config for -- Module:Arguments, and use Module:Arguments to find the arguments passed -- by the user. local func = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.func or 'table' local userArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = wrapperConfig, frameOnly = not wrapperConfig, trim = func ~= 'table', removeBlanks = func ~= 'table' }) -- Get default args and build the args table. User-specified args overwrite -- default args. local defaultArgs = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.args or {} local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return bridge[func](args, cfg) end function p._exportClasses() -- For testing return { Template = Template, TestCase = TestCase, NowikiInvocation = NowikiInvocation, TableInvocation = TableInvocation } end return p nv3cvmpgnndnc7j8hbfbor26p0ywnay 0 81078 375649 324246 2026-05-03T11:49:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 375649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American actress (1908–1989)}} {{Infobox person | name = بيٽي ڊيوس<br>Bette Davis | image = BetteDavis1935.jpg | caption = بيٽي ڊيوس 1935ع م | birth_name = رٿ ايلزبيٿ ڊيوس | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|4|5}} | birth_place = لاويل، [[مئساچوسٽس]]، [[آمريڪا]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|10|6|1908|4|5}} | death_place = نوئلي-سر-سين، [[فرانس]] | resting_place = فاريسٽ لان ميموريل پارڪ، هالي ووڊ هلز | occupation = اداڪارا | years active = 1929–1989 | works = مڪمل فهرست | party = ڊيموڪريٽڪ پارٽي | spouse = * هارمن آسڪر نيلسن * آرٿر فارنسورٿ * وليم گرانٽ شيري * گيري ميرل | children = 3، بشمول بي. ڊي. هائمان | awards = مڪمل فهرست | signature = Bette Davis signature, April 22nd, 1949.svg }} '''رٿ ايلزبيٿ "بيٽي" ڊيوس''' (5 اپريل، 1908ع - 6 آڪٽوبر، 1989ع) فلم، ٽيليويزن ۽ ٿيٽر جي هڪ آمريڪي اداڪاره هئي. هالي ووڊ جي تاريخ جي عظيم ترين اداڪارائن مان هڪ طور سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، هوءَ غير همدرد ۽ بدمعاش ڪردار ادا ڪرڻ جي رضامنديءَ جي ڪري مشهور هئي ۽ فلم جي مختلف صنفن ۾ سندس پرفارمنس لاءِ مشهور هئي، معاصر ڏوهن جي ميلوڊراما کان وٺي تاريخي ۽ دور جي فلمن ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪاميڊيز تائين، جيتوڻيڪ سندس وڏي ڪاميابي رومانوي ڊرامن ۾ سندس ڪردار هئا.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Biography|last=Michele Bourgoin|first=Suzanne|publisher=Gale|year=1998|isbn=0787622214|page=119}}</ref> هن ٻه ڀيرا بهترين اداڪارا جو اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ ماڻيو، اها پهرين شخص هئي جنهن اداڪاري لاءِ ڏهه اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگيون (۽ هڪ لکت ۾) حاصل ڪيون ۽ اها پهرين عورت هئي جنهن آمريڪي فلم انسٽيٽيوٽ مان لائف ٽائيم اچيومينٽ ايوارڊ حاصل ڪيو. سال 1999ع ۾، ڊيوس کي آمريڪي فلم انسٽيٽيوٽ جي ڪلاسڪ هالي ووڊ سئنيما جي عظيم ترين عورت ستارن جي لسٽ ۾ ٻيو نمبر رکيو ويو. براڊ وي ڊرامن ۾ ظاهر ٿيڻ کان پوء، ڊيوس سال 1930ع ۾ هالي ووڊ ڏانهن هلي وئي، پر يونيورسل اسٽوڊيو لاء سندس شروعاتي فلمون ناڪام ٿي ويون. هوءَ 1932ع ۾ وارنر برادرز ۾ شامل ٿي ۽ "آف هيومن بانڊج" (1934ع) ۾ هڪ فحش ويٽريس جو ڪردار ادا ڪندي هن جي اهم ڪاميابي هئي. تڪراري طور تي، هوءَ ان سال اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ لاءِ بهترين اداڪارا لاءِ ٽن نامزدگي وارن مان نه هئي ۽ هوءَ ان کي ايندڙ سال "ڊينجرس" (1935) ۾ پنهنجي ڪارڪردگيءَ لاءِ کٽي. سال 1936ع ۾، غريب فلمن جي آڇ جي ڪري، هن پاڻ کي پنهنجي معاهدي کان آزاد ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي ۽ جيتوڻيڪ هوء هڪ مشهور قانوني ڪيس وڃائي وئي، اهو هن جي ڪيريئر جي ڪامياب ترين دور جي شروعات کي نشان لڳايو. 1940ع واري ڏهاڪي جي آخر تائين، هوءَ آمريڪي سئنيما جي سڀ کان مشهور معروف عورتن مان هڪ هئي. "مارڪڊ وومن" (1937) ۾ سندس ڪردار جي واکاڻ ڪئي وئي ۽ 1850ع واري ڏهاڪي جي "ڏاکڻي بيلي" جي "جيزبل" (1938ع) ۾ مضبوط ارادي واري ڪردار لاءِ کيس ٻيو اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ مليو، مسلسل پنجن سالن جو پهريون جنهن ۾ کيس بهترين اداڪارا جي نامزدگي ملي. ٻيون "ڊارڪ وڪٽر" (1939)، "دي ليٽر" (1940)، "دي لٽل فاڪس" (1941) ۽ "ناؤ، وائجر" (1942) شامل آهن. 1940ع جي ڏهاڪي جي آخر ۾ زوال جو دور، "آل اباٽ ايو" (1950) ۾ هن جي ڪردار سان ڀريل براڊ وي اسٽار جي ڪردار سان حاصل ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي اڪثر هن جي بهترين ڪارڪردگي طور حوالو ڏنو ويو آهي. هن فلم ۽ "دي اسٽار" (1952) لاءِ کيس بهترين اداڪارا نامزدگيون مليون، پر سندس ڪيريئر باقي ڏهاڪن دوران جدوجهد ڪئي. هن جي آخري نامزدگي نفسياتي خوفناڪ فلم "واٽ ايور هيپنڊ ٽو بيبي جين؟" (1962) ۾ نفسياتي اڳوڻي ٻار اسٽار جين هڊسن جي ڪردار لاءِ آئي هئي. هن جي ڪيريئر جي پوئين مرحلي ۾، ڊيوس فلمن جهڙوڪ "ڊيٿ آن نيل" (1978) ۾ ڪردار ادا ڪيو پوء هن جو ڌيان ٽيليويزن ڪردارن ڏانهن منتقل ٿيو. هن منسٽري، ”دي ڊارڪ سيڪريٽ آف هارويسٽ هوم“ (1978) ۾ اڳواڻي ڪئي ۽ فلم "اجنبي" لاءِ ايمي ايوارڊ حاصل ڪيو: "دي اسٽوري آف آ مدر اينڊ ڊاٽر" (1979) ۽ "وائيٽ ماما" (1980) ۽ "لٽل گلوريا يٽ لاسٽ بي هپي" (1982) ۾ سندس پرفارمنس لاءِ نامزد ڪيو ويو. سندس آخري مڪمل سئنيما جو حصو ڊرامي ”دي وهيلز آف آگسٽ“ (1987ع) ۾ هو. ڊيوس هن جي زبردست ۽ شديد انداز جي اداڪاري ۽ هن جي جسماني تبديلين لاءِ مشهور هئي. هن هڪ ڪماليت پسند جي حيثيت سان شهرت حاصل ڪئي جيڪا انتهائي جنگجو ٿي سگهي ٿي ۽ اسٽوڊيو عملدارن، فلم ڊائريڪٽرن، ۽ همراهن سان مقابلو اڪثر ڪري ٻڌايو ويو. هن جو صاف سٿرو انداز، ڪلپ ٿيل آواز وارو انداز ۽ هر هنڌ سگريٽ عوامي شخصيت کي وڌايو جنهن کي اڪثر نقل ڪيو ويو آهي. ڊيوس هالي ووڊ ڪينٽين جي گڏيل باني هئي ۽ اڪيڊمي آف موشن پڪچر آرٽس اينڊ سائنسز جي پهرين خاتون صدر هئي. هن جو ڪيريئر گرهڻ جي ڪيترن ئي دورن مان گذريو ۽ هن تسليم ڪيو ته هن جي ڪاميابي گهڻو ڪري هن جي ذاتي رشتن جي خرچ تي هئي. چار ڀيرا شادي ڪئي، هوء هڪ ڀيرو بيوه ٿي ۽ ٽي ڀيرا طلاق ڏني وئي ۽ پنهنجي ٻارن کي اڪيلو والدين جي حيثيت ۾ وڌايو. هن جا آخري سال خراب صحت جي ڊگهي عرصي کان خراب ٿي ويا، پر هن پنهنجي موت کان ٿورو اڳ سيني جي ڪينسر کان اڳ تائين، هن جي ڪريڊٽ تي 100 کان وڌيڪ فلمن، ٽيليويزن ۽ ٿيٽر ڪردارن سان اداڪاري جاري رکي. == زندگي ۽ ڪيريئر == == موت == == استقبال ۽ ورثو == == اڪيڊمي اوارڊ == == منتخب ٿيل فلمون == == پڻ ڏسو == ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{official website|https://www.bettedavis.com/}} - operated by the Estate of Bette Davis * {{IMDb name}} * [http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars.html#bettedavis Portraits from "The Little Foxes", 1941] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004019/http://thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars.html#bettedavis |date=March 5, 2016 }} by [[Ned Scott]] * [http://www.news-sentinel.com/living/2017/10/24/tinseltown-talks-kathryn-sermak-recounts-living-with-bette-davis/ Kathryn Sermak recounts living with Bette Davis, interview October, 2017, News-Sentinel, accessed October 25, 2017.] {{s-start}} {{s-npo}} {{s-bef|before= [[Walter Wanger]]}} {{s-ttl|title = [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences#Presidents of the Academy|President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|years = 1941}} {{s-aft|after = Walter Wanger}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes |title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Bette Davis|Awards for Bette Davis]] |list = {{AcademyAwardBestActress 1927-1940}} {{AFI Life Achievement Award}} {{British Film Institute Fellowship}} {{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1946-1959}} {{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1952-1975}} {{Donostia Award}} {{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}} {{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}} {{Honorary César}} {{Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s}} {{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}} {{Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress}} {{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Bette}} [[Category:Bette Davis| ]] [[زمرو:ليکڪ]] [[زمرو:اداڪارا]] [[زمرو:ڊراما]] [[زمرو:فلم]] [[زمرو:فنڪار]] [[زمرو:ٽيليويزن]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:1908ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1989ع جون فوتگيون]] [[Category:20th-century American memoirists]] [[Category:AFI Life Achievement Award recipients]] [[Category:American Episcopalians]] [[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners]] [[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:MGM Records artists]] [[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:Presidents of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:Warner Bros. contract players]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] jt6lqn7eh9qtyeqe4cbd7bpg2qpy392 375651 375649 2026-05-03T11:51:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 375651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|American actress (1908–1989)}} {{Infobox person | name = بيٽي ڊيوس<br>Bette Davis | image = BetteDavis1935.jpg | caption = بيٽي ڊيوس 1935ع م | birth_name = رٿ ايلزبيٿ ڊيوس | birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|4|5}} | birth_place = لاويل، [[مئساچوسٽس]]، [[آمريڪا]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|10|6|1908|4|5}} | death_place = نوئلي-سر-سين، [[فرانس]] | resting_place = فاريسٽ لان ميموريل پارڪ، هالي ووڊ هلز | occupation = اداڪارا | years active = 1929–1989 | works = مڪمل فهرست | party = ڊيموڪريٽڪ پارٽي | spouse = * هارمن آسڪر نيلسن * آرٿر فارنسورٿ * وليم گرانٽ شيري * گيري ميرل | children = 3، بشمول بي. ڊي. هائمان | awards = مڪمل فهرست | signature = Bette Davis signature, April 22nd, 1949.svg }} '''رٿ ايلزبيٿ "بيٽي" ڊيوس''' (5 اپريل، 1908ع - 6 آڪٽوبر، 1989ع) فلم، ٽيليويزن ۽ ٿيٽر جي هڪ آمريڪي اداڪاره هئي. هالي ووڊ جي تاريخ جي عظيم ترين اداڪارائن مان هڪ طور سڃاتو وڃي ٿو، هوءَ غير همدرد ۽ بدمعاش ڪردار ادا ڪرڻ جي رضامنديءَ جي ڪري مشهور هئي ۽ فلم جي مختلف صنفن ۾ سندس پرفارمنس لاءِ مشهور هئي، معاصر ڏوهن جي ميلوڊراما کان وٺي تاريخي ۽ دور جي فلمن ۽ ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ڪاميڊيز تائين، جيتوڻيڪ سندس وڏي ڪاميابي رومانوي ڊرامن ۾ سندس ڪردار هئا.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of World Biography|last=Michele Bourgoin|first=Suzanne|publisher=Gale|year=1998|isbn=0787622214|page=119}}</ref> هن ٻه ڀيرا بهترين اداڪارا جو اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ ماڻيو، اها پهرين شخص هئي جنهن اداڪاري لاءِ ڏهه اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگيون (۽ هڪ لکت ۾) حاصل ڪيون ۽ اها پهرين عورت هئي جنهن آمريڪي فلم انسٽيٽيوٽ مان لائف ٽائيم اچيومينٽ ايوارڊ حاصل ڪيو. سال 1999ع ۾، ڊيوس کي آمريڪي فلم انسٽيٽيوٽ جي ڪلاسڪ هالي ووڊ سئنيما جي عظيم ترين عورت ستارن جي لسٽ ۾ ٻيو نمبر رکيو ويو. براڊ وي ڊرامن ۾ ظاهر ٿيڻ کان پوء، ڊيوس سال 1930ع ۾ هالي ووڊ ڏانهن هلي وئي، پر يونيورسل اسٽوڊيو لاء سندس شروعاتي فلمون ناڪام ٿي ويون. هوءَ 1932ع ۾ وارنر برادرز ۾ شامل ٿي ۽ "آف هيومن بانڊج" (1934ع) ۾ هڪ فحش ويٽريس جو ڪردار ادا ڪندي هن جي اهم ڪاميابي هئي. تڪراري طور تي، هوءَ ان سال اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ لاءِ بهترين اداڪارا لاءِ ٽن نامزدگي وارن مان نه هئي ۽ هوءَ ان کي ايندڙ سال "ڊينجرس" (1935) ۾ پنهنجي ڪارڪردگيءَ لاءِ کٽي. سال 1936ع ۾، غريب فلمن جي آڇ جي ڪري، هن پاڻ کي پنهنجي معاهدي کان آزاد ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي ۽ جيتوڻيڪ هوء هڪ مشهور قانوني ڪيس وڃائي وئي، اهو هن جي ڪيريئر جي ڪامياب ترين دور جي شروعات کي نشان لڳايو. 1940ع واري ڏهاڪي جي آخر تائين، هوءَ آمريڪي سئنيما جي سڀ کان مشهور معروف عورتن مان هڪ هئي. "مارڪڊ وومن" (1937) ۾ سندس ڪردار جي واکاڻ ڪئي وئي ۽ 1850ع واري ڏهاڪي جي "ڏاکڻي بيلي" جي "جيزبل" (1938ع) ۾ مضبوط ارادي واري ڪردار لاءِ کيس ٻيو اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ مليو، مسلسل پنجن سالن جو پهريون جنهن ۾ کيس بهترين اداڪارا جي نامزدگي ملي. ٻيون "ڊارڪ وڪٽر" (1939)، "دي ليٽر" (1940)، "دي لٽل فاڪس" (1941) ۽ "ناؤ، وائجر" (1942) شامل آهن. 1940ع جي ڏهاڪي جي آخر ۾ زوال جو دور، "آل اباٽ ايو" (1950) ۾ هن جي ڪردار سان ڀريل براڊ وي اسٽار جي ڪردار سان حاصل ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي اڪثر هن جي بهترين ڪارڪردگي طور حوالو ڏنو ويو آهي. هن فلم ۽ "دي اسٽار" (1952) لاءِ کيس بهترين اداڪارا نامزدگيون مليون، پر سندس ڪيريئر باقي ڏهاڪن دوران جدوجهد ڪئي. هن جي آخري نامزدگي نفسياتي خوفناڪ فلم "واٽ ايور هيپنڊ ٽو بيبي جين؟" (1962) ۾ نفسياتي اڳوڻي ٻار اسٽار جين هڊسن جي ڪردار لاءِ آئي هئي. هن جي ڪيريئر جي پوئين مرحلي ۾، ڊيوس فلمن جهڙوڪ "ڊيٿ آن نيل" (1978) ۾ ڪردار ادا ڪيو پوء هن جو ڌيان ٽيليويزن ڪردارن ڏانهن منتقل ٿيو. هن منسٽري، ”دي ڊارڪ سيڪريٽ آف هارويسٽ هوم“ (1978) ۾ اڳواڻي ڪئي ۽ فلم "اجنبي" لاءِ ايمي ايوارڊ حاصل ڪيو: "دي اسٽوري آف آ مدر اينڊ ڊاٽر" (1979) ۽ "وائيٽ ماما" (1980) ۽ "لٽل گلوريا يٽ لاسٽ بي هپي" (1982) ۾ سندس پرفارمنس لاءِ نامزد ڪيو ويو. سندس آخري مڪمل سئنيما جو حصو ڊرامي ”دي وهيلز آف آگسٽ“ (1987ع) ۾ هو. ڊيوس هن جي زبردست ۽ شديد انداز جي اداڪاري ۽ هن جي جسماني تبديلين لاءِ مشهور هئي. هن هڪ ڪماليت پسند جي حيثيت سان شهرت حاصل ڪئي جيڪا انتهائي جنگجو ٿي سگهي ٿي ۽ اسٽوڊيو عملدارن، فلم ڊائريڪٽرن، ۽ همراهن سان مقابلو اڪثر ڪري ٻڌايو ويو. هن جو صاف سٿرو انداز، ڪلپ ٿيل آواز وارو انداز ۽ هر هنڌ سگريٽ عوامي شخصيت کي وڌايو جنهن کي اڪثر نقل ڪيو ويو آهي. ڊيوس هالي ووڊ ڪينٽين جي گڏيل باني هئي ۽ اڪيڊمي آف موشن پڪچر آرٽس اينڊ سائنسز جي پهرين خاتون صدر هئي. هن جو ڪيريئر گرهڻ جي ڪيترن ئي دورن مان گذريو ۽ هن تسليم ڪيو ته هن جي ڪاميابي گهڻو ڪري هن جي ذاتي رشتن جي خرچ تي هئي. چار ڀيرا شادي ڪئي، هوء هڪ ڀيرو بيوه ٿي ۽ ٽي ڀيرا طلاق ڏني وئي ۽ پنهنجي ٻارن کي اڪيلو والدين جي حيثيت ۾ وڌايو. هن جا آخري سال خراب صحت جي ڊگهي عرصي کان خراب ٿي ويا، پر هن پنهنجي موت کان ٿورو اڳ سيني جي ڪينسر کان اڳ تائين، هن جي ڪريڊٽ تي 100 کان وڌيڪ فلمن، ٽيليويزن ۽ ٿيٽر ڪردارن سان اداڪاري جاري رکي. == زندگي ۽ ڪيريئر == == موت == == استقبال ۽ ورثو == == اڪيڊمي اوارڊ == == منتخب ٿيل فلمون == == پڻ ڏسو == ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons category}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{official website|https://www.bettedavis.com/}} - operated by the Estate of Bette Davis * {{IMDb name}} * [http://www.thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars.html#bettedavis Portraits from "The Little Foxes", 1941] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305004019/http://thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/film-stars.html#bettedavis |date=March 5, 2016 }} by [[Ned Scott]] * [http://www.news-sentinel.com/living/2017/10/24/tinseltown-talks-kathryn-sermak-recounts-living-with-bette-davis/ Kathryn Sermak recounts living with Bette Davis, interview October, 2017, News-Sentinel, accessed October 25, 2017.] {{s-start}} {{s-npo}} {{s-bef|before= [[Walter Wanger]]}} {{s-ttl|title = [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences#Presidents of the Academy|President of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]]|years = 1941}} {{s-aft|after = Walter Wanger}} {{s-end}} {{Navboxes |title = [[List of awards and nominations received by Bette Davis|Awards for Bette Davis]] |list = {{AcademyAwardBestActress 1927-1940}} {{AFI Life Achievement Award}} {{British Film Institute Fellowship}} {{Prix d'interprétation féminine 1946-1959}} {{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1952-1975}} {{Donostia Award}} {{EmmyAward MiniseriesLeadActress 1976-2000}} {{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}} {{Honorary César}} {{Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s}} {{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress}} {{Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress}} {{Volpi Cup for Best Actress}} }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Bette}} [[Category:Bette Davis| ]] [[زمرو:ٻيٽي ڊيوس]] [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] [[زمرو:فن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:فلمن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ليکڪ]] [[زمرو:اداڪارا]] [[زمرو:ڊراما]] [[زمرو:فلم]] [[زمرو:فنڪار]] [[زمرو:ٽيليويزن]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:1908ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:1989ع جون فوتگيون]] [[Category:20th-century American memoirists]] [[Category:AFI Life Achievement Award recipients]] [[Category:American Episcopalians]] [[Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners]] [[Category:Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners]] [[Category:César Honorary Award recipients]] [[Category:Kennedy Center honorees]] [[Category:MGM Records artists]] [[Category:Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners]] [[Category:Presidents of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] [[Category:Volpi Cup for Best Actress winners]] [[Category:Warner Bros. contract players]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] 7zjrrdow0y56nyvb1wqhlzhwjy4cbbd 14 83684 375647 324249 2026-05-03T11:46:39Z Ibne maryam 17680 375647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اداڪار]] [[زمرو:فلمن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] 5p6vm0fujf6z2h0fx2k8ul6lakca66q 0 90158 375593 355837 2026-05-03T04:40:31Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:1500ع جي ڏهاڪي جون پيدائشون]] جو اضافو 375593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = خرم سلطان | image = Roxelana.jpg | caption = خرم سلطان (روڪسيلانا) جو هڪ خيالي پورٽريٽ | birth_name = اليگزينڊرا لوسووسڪا (ممڪنه) | birth_date = تقريباً 1505ع | birth_place = روٿينيا (موجوده يوڪرين) | death_date = 15 اپريل 1558 | death_place = قسطنطنيه، عثماني سلطنت | burial_place = سليمانيه مسجد، استنبول | title = خاصگي سلطان (Haseki Sultan) | spouse = سلطان سليمان عاليشان | children = شهزادي مهري ماه، سلطان سليم ٻيو، شهزادو عبدالله، شهزادو محمد، شهزادو بايزيد، شهزادو جهانگير | dynasty = عثماني خاندان }} '''خرم سلطان''' (Hürrem Sultan؛ پيدائش تقريباً 1505ع – وفات 15 اپريل 1558ع)، جيڪا مغربي دنيا ۾ '''روڪسيلانا''' جي نالي سان مشهور آهي، عثماني سلطان [[سليمان عاليشان]] جي مکيه ملڪه ۽ قانوني گهرواري هئي. هوءَ سلطان [[سليم ٻيو]] جي ماءُ ۽ عثماني سلطنت جي پهرين "خاصگي سلطان" هئي. هوءَ عثماني تاريخ جي بااثر ترين عورتن مان هڪ هئي، جنهن "عورتن جي سلطنت" (Sultanate of Women) جي دور جو آغاز ڪيو. == شروعاتي زندگي ۽ حرم ۾ داخلا == خرم سلطان جي پيدائش روٿينيا (موجوده يوڪرين) ۾ هڪ قديم آرتھوڊوڪس عيسائي خاندان ۾ ٿي. کيس تاتاري حملي آورن قيد ڪري ورتو ۽ غلامن جي واپار ذريعي عثماني گاديءَ واري شهر [[قسطنطنيه]] پهچايو ويو. هوءَ عثماني شاهي حرم ۾ داخل ٿي ۽ جلد ئي سلطان سليمان جي پسنديده بڻجي وئي. عثماني روايتن کي ٽوڙيندي، سلطان سليمان کيس غلاميءَ مان آزاد ڪري پنهنجي قانوني زال بڻايو. ان کان اڳ سلطان رڳو پرڏيهي آزاد اميرزادين سان شادي ڪندا هئا، پر سليمان خرم سان شادي ڪري هڪ نئين تاريخي روايت قائم ڪئي. == سياسي اثر ۽ اقتدار == خرم سلطان پنهنجي سڄي زندگي سلطان جي درٻار ۾ گذاري ۽ پنهنجي مڙس جي سڀ کان ويجهي صلاحڪار بڻي رهي. سلطان ۽ خرم جي وچ ۾ لکيل محبت جا خط ظاهر ڪن ٿا ته هوءَ نه رڳو سلطان جي محبوبا هئي پر سياسي معاملن ۾ سندس سڀ کان وڏي رازدار پڻ هئي. سلطان جي جنگي سفرن دوران، هوءَ کيس سلطنت جي حالتن ۽ بغاوتن بابت آگاهي ڏيندي هئي. هن عالمي سفارتڪاريءَ ۾ به حصو ورتو، خاص ڪري پولينڊ سان عثماني لاڳاپن کي بهتر بڻائڻ ۾ سندس وڏو ڪردار هو. هن ٻين ملڪن جي سربراهن کي سفارتي خط ۽ تحفا پڻ موڪليا. == فلاحي ڪم ۽ تعميرات == خرم سلطان ڪيترائي وڏا فلاحي ڪم ڪرايا، جن ۾: * '''خاصگي سلطان ڪمپليڪس:''' جنهن ۾ مسجد، مدرسا ۽ اسپتال شامل هئي. * '''خرم سلطان حمام:''' جيڪو استنبول جي مشهور تعميرات مان هڪ آهي. * هن مڪي، مديني ۽ يروشلم ۾ غريبن لاءِ لنگر خانا پڻ قائم ڪيا. == وفات == خرم سلطان اپريل 1558ع ۾ قسطنطنيه ۾ وفات ڪئي. کيس استنبول جي مشهور سليمانيه مسجد جي احاطي ۾ هڪ عاليشان مقبري ۾ دفن ڪيو ويو. اٺن سالن کانپوءِ سلطان سليمان جي وفات تي کيس به سندس ڀرسان ئي دفن ڪيو ويو. == پڻ ڏسندا == * [[سليمان عاليشان]] * [[عثماني سلطنت]] * [[مهري ماه سلطان]] == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[Category:عثماني ملڪائون]] [[Category:1505ع جون پيدائشون]] [[Category:1558ع جون وفاتون]] [[Category:ترڪ شخصيتون]] [[Category:يوڪريني شخصيتون]] [[زمرو:1500ع جي ڏهاڪي جون پيدائشون]] mjh6jo7las68bx6gcetio35tppmifz6 10 90737 375485 357494 2026-05-02T20:26:26Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375485 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي تي رکيا وڃن ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪ وڪيڊيٽا ۾ شامل ڪيا وڃن. --> </noinclude> kk3yopgfv29hgprbonc34kp7vm0t17g 10 90741 375566 357499 2026-05-03T01:41:57Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375566 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> tqcbtoi20hh04qz7tcyj9c81ibksvas 0 91562 375377 360086 2026-05-02T13:22:40Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:آباديات]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|سائنس جيڪا آبادي ۽ ان جي جوڙجڪ سان شمارياتي ۽ نظرياتي طور تي تعلق رکي ٿي}} [[File:Global Population-Pyramid-1950-to-2100.jpg|alt=1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جو پهرامڊ. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017|thumb|350x350px|1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جي ڊيموگرافي. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017]] '''ڊيموگرافي''' ({{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|δῆμος}}'' ({{grc-transl|δῆμος}})|ماڻهو، سماج||''{{wikt-lang|grc|-γραφία}}'' ({{grc-transl|-γραφία}})|لکڻ، خاڪو، وضاحت}})<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|demography}}</ref> انساني آباديءَ جو [[شماريات|شمارياتي مطالعو]] آهي: انهن جي سائيز، بناوت (مثال طور، نسلي گروھ، عمر)، ۽ تبديليون جيڪي پيدائش (births)، موت (deaths)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration) جي عمل ذريعي اچن ٿيون.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population: A Lively Introduction |url=https://www.prb.org/resources/population-a-lively-introduction/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=PRB |language=en-US}}</ref> '''ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيو''' آبادي جي طول و عرض ۽ [[آبادي جي حرڪت|متحرڪيت]] کي ماپي ٿو ۽ ان جو جائزو وٺي ٿو؛ هي پوري سماج يا مخصوص گروهن تي مشتمل ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي [[تعليم]]، [[قوميت]]، [[مذهب]]، ۽ [[نسل]] جي بنياد تي مقرر ڪيل هجن. تعليمي ادارا<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science of Population |url=http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |website=demographicpartitions.org |access-date=4 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |archive-date=14 August 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> عام طور تي ڊيموگرافي کي [[سوشيالاجي]] (عمرانيات) جو هڪ شعبو قرار ڏين ٿا، جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه آزاد ڊيموگرافي جا شعبا پڻ موجود آهن.<ref name="ub">{{Cite web | title=UC Berkeley Demography department website | url=http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | access-date=12 October 2006 | archive-date=1 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901191409/http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> اهي طريقا بنيادي طور تي انساني آبادي جي مطالعي لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا آهن، پر اهي ٻين ڪيترن ئي علائقن تائين پکڙيل آهن جتي محقق اهو ڄاڻڻ چاهين ٿا ته سماجي ڪردارن جي آبادي وقت سان گڏ پيدائش، موت ۽ [[انساني لڏپلاڻ|لڏپلاڻ]] جي عمل ذريعي ڪيئن بدلجي سگهي ٿي. انساني حياتياتي آبادي جي حوالي سان، ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيو [[سرڪاري رڪارڊ|انتظامي رڪارڊ]] استعمال ڪري آبادي جو هڪ آزاد [[تخمينو|اندازو]] لڳائي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Analysis |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cmb/cmbp/downloads/da.pdf |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=U.S. Census Monitoring Board}}</ref> ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيي جي تخمينن کي اڪثر ڪنهن به وقت گڏ ڪيل [[مردم شماري]] جي معلومات جي درستگي کي پرکڻ لاءِ هڪ قابل اعتماد معيار سمجهيو ويندو آهي. [[ليبر فورس]] (مزدور قوت) ۾، ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيي جو استعمال ورڪرز جي آبادي جي سائيز ۽ وهڪري کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ آبادي جي ماحوليات ۾ توجه فردن جي پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ تي هوندي آهي. ڪاروباري حوالي سان، هي اڪثر ڪري جيوگرافڪ لوڪيشن سان لاڳاپيل آبادي جي وضاحت لاءِ بزنس پلانز ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو. '''مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي''' ڪنهن به طبي اداري جي ڊيٽا جو بنياد هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مريض جي سڃاڻپ، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ طبي رڪارڊ شامل هوندو آهي. مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي ۾ شامل آهن: [[ڄمڻ جي تاريخ]]، [[جنس]]، موت جي تاريخ، پوسٽل ڪوڊ، نسل، [[رت جو گروپ]]، ايمرجنسي رابطي جي معلومات، فيملي ڊاڪٽر، انشورنس، [[الرجي]]، ۽ اهم طبي تاريخ.<ref name="What Are Patient Demographics?">{{Cite web| title=What Are Patient Demographics?| date=21 December 2011| url=https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-date=28 January 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074040/https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| url-status=live}}</ref> '''رسمي ڊيموگرافي''' پنهنجي مطالعي کي آبادي جي عملن جي ماپ تائين محدود رکي ٿي، جڏهن ته '''سماجي ڊيموگرافي''' يا آبادي جو مطالعو معاشي، سماجي، ثقافتي ۽ حياتياتي عملن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن جو پڻ تجزيو ڪري ٿو.<ref>Andrew Hinde ''Demographic Methods'' Ch. 1 {{ISBN|0-340-71892-7}}</ref> == تاريخ == ڊيموگرافڪ سوچ قديم دور کان ملي ٿي، جيڪا [[قديم يونان]]، [[قديم روم]]، [[چين]] ۽ [[هندستان]] جهڙن ڪيترن ئي تهذيبن ۾ موجود هئي.<ref name="Srivastava2006">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oNcflpmW3BUC&dq=studies+in+demography&pg=PA1| title = S.C.Srivastava,''Studies in Demography'', p.39-41| isbn = 9788126119929| last1 = Srivastava| first1 = Sangya| date = December 2005| publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited}}</ref> لفظ ''ڊيموگرافي'' آبادي جي مجموعي مطالعي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/42674/excerpt/9781107042674_excerpt.pdf |title=Population and society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-04267-4 |edition=2 |pages=3 |chapter=An Introduction to Demography}}</ref> جديد دور ۾ ابتدائي ڊيموگرافڪ مطالعي مان هڪ '''جان گرانٽ''' (1662) جو ڪم هو، جنهن لنڊن ۾ ٻارن جي موت جي شرح جو مطالعو ڪيو. بعد ۾، '''ٿامس رابرٽ مالٿس''' 18هين صدي جي آخر ۾ آبادي جي واڌ ۽ کاڌ خوراڪ جي پيداوار جي وچ ۾ توازن تي پنهنجا مشهور خدشا (Malthusian catastrophe) ظاهر ڪيا. == طريقا == [[File:1888-01-22, La Ilustración Española y Americana, El censo de population, Alcázar.jpg|thumb|ابتدائي مردم شماري ۽ سروي ڊيموگرافڪ ڊيٽا مهيا ڪندا هئا.]] ڊيموگرافڪ [[ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ]] جا ٻه طريقا آهن: سڌو (Direct) ۽ اڻ سڌو (Indirect).<ref name="un-manual-x">{{cite book | title = Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation | publisher = United Nations | date = 1983 | url = https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf }}</ref> === سڌا طريقا === سڌي ڊيٽا '''وائٽل اسٽيٽسٽڪس ريجسٽريز''' مان حاصل ٿئي ٿي جيڪا پيدائش، موت، شادي ۽ طلاق جو رڪارڊ رکي ٿي. [[مردم شماري]] (Census) ٻيو وڏو سڌو طريقو آهي جيڪو عام طور تي هر 10 سالن کانپوءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي. === اڻ سڌا طريقا === اهي طريقا انهن ملڪن يا دورن لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن جتي مڪمل ڊيٽا موجود ناهي هوندي، جهڙوڪ ترقي پذير ملڪن ۾ يا تاريخي ڊيموگرافي ۾. == آبادي ۾ تبديلي == آبادي جي تبديلي کي هڪ آبادي جي سائيز ۽ ٻي سائيز جي وچ ۾ فرق سان ماپيو ويندو آهي. [[عالمي آبادي]] مسلسل وڌي رهي آهي، جيڪا آبادي جي تبديلي کي ڊيموگرافي جو هڪ اهم حصو بڻائي ٿي.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf |title=Global Population at a Glance: 2002 and Beyond |access-date=16 October 2022 }}</ref> == بنيادي مساوات == فرض ڪريو ته ڪنهن ملڪ جي آبادي وقت t تي Population(t) آهي. وقت t + 1 تي آبادي جي سائيز ڇا هوندي؟ : '''Population(t+1) = Population(t) + Natural Increase(t) + Net Migration(t)''' '''فطري واڌ''' (Natural Increase): : '''Natural Increase(t) = Births(t) - Deaths(t)''' '''خالص لڏپلاڻ''' (Net Migration): : '''Net Migration(t) = Immigration(t) - Emigration(t)''' == آبادي جي سائنس == آبادي ٽن عملن ذريعي بدلجي سگهي ٿي: زرخيزي (fertility)، موت (mortality)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration). <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/lftbls/lftbls.htm| title = N C H S - Life Tables| access-date = 9 September 2017}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آباديات]] ety31sl1vsr1t79d7do4dngy4aubvra 375378 375377 2026-05-02T13:23:42Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:انساني جاگرافي]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|سائنس جيڪا آبادي ۽ ان جي جوڙجڪ سان شمارياتي ۽ نظرياتي طور تي تعلق رکي ٿي}} [[File:Global Population-Pyramid-1950-to-2100.jpg|alt=1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جو پهرامڊ. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017|thumb|350x350px|1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جي ڊيموگرافي. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017]] '''ڊيموگرافي''' ({{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|δῆμος}}'' ({{grc-transl|δῆμος}})|ماڻهو، سماج||''{{wikt-lang|grc|-γραφία}}'' ({{grc-transl|-γραφία}})|لکڻ، خاڪو، وضاحت}})<ref>{{cite Merriam-Webster|demography}}</ref> انساني آباديءَ جو [[شماريات|شمارياتي مطالعو]] آهي: انهن جي سائيز، بناوت (مثال طور، نسلي گروھ، عمر)، ۽ تبديليون جيڪي پيدائش (births)، موت (deaths)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration) جي عمل ذريعي اچن ٿيون.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population: A Lively Introduction |url=https://www.prb.org/resources/population-a-lively-introduction/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=PRB |language=en-US}}</ref> '''ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيو''' آبادي جي طول و عرض ۽ [[آبادي جي حرڪت|متحرڪيت]] کي ماپي ٿو ۽ ان جو جائزو وٺي ٿو؛ هي پوري سماج يا مخصوص گروهن تي مشتمل ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي [[تعليم]]، [[قوميت]]، [[مذهب]]، ۽ [[نسل]] جي بنياد تي مقرر ڪيل هجن. تعليمي ادارا<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science of Population |url=http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |website=demographicpartitions.org |access-date=4 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |archive-date=14 August 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> عام طور تي ڊيموگرافي کي [[سوشيالاجي]] (عمرانيات) جو هڪ شعبو قرار ڏين ٿا، جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه آزاد ڊيموگرافي جا شعبا پڻ موجود آهن.<ref name="ub">{{Cite web | title=UC Berkeley Demography department website | url=http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | access-date=12 October 2006 | archive-date=1 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901191409/http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> اهي طريقا بنيادي طور تي انساني آبادي جي مطالعي لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا آهن، پر اهي ٻين ڪيترن ئي علائقن تائين پکڙيل آهن جتي محقق اهو ڄاڻڻ چاهين ٿا ته سماجي ڪردارن جي آبادي وقت سان گڏ پيدائش، موت ۽ [[انساني لڏپلاڻ|لڏپلاڻ]] جي عمل ذريعي ڪيئن بدلجي سگهي ٿي. انساني حياتياتي آبادي جي حوالي سان، ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيو [[سرڪاري رڪارڊ|انتظامي رڪارڊ]] استعمال ڪري آبادي جو هڪ آزاد [[تخمينو|اندازو]] لڳائي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Analysis |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cmb/cmbp/downloads/da.pdf |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=U.S. Census Monitoring Board}}</ref> ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيي جي تخمينن کي اڪثر ڪنهن به وقت گڏ ڪيل [[مردم شماري]] جي معلومات جي درستگي کي پرکڻ لاءِ هڪ قابل اعتماد معيار سمجهيو ويندو آهي. [[ليبر فورس]] (مزدور قوت) ۾، ڊيموگرافڪ تجزيي جو استعمال ورڪرز جي آبادي جي سائيز ۽ وهڪري کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ آبادي جي ماحوليات ۾ توجه فردن جي پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ تي هوندي آهي. ڪاروباري حوالي سان، هي اڪثر ڪري جيوگرافڪ لوڪيشن سان لاڳاپيل آبادي جي وضاحت لاءِ بزنس پلانز ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو. '''مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي''' ڪنهن به طبي اداري جي ڊيٽا جو بنياد هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مريض جي سڃاڻپ، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ طبي رڪارڊ شامل هوندو آهي. مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي ۾ شامل آهن: [[ڄمڻ جي تاريخ]]، [[جنس]]، موت جي تاريخ، پوسٽل ڪوڊ، نسل، [[رت جو گروپ]]، ايمرجنسي رابطي جي معلومات، فيملي ڊاڪٽر، انشورنس، [[الرجي]]، ۽ اهم طبي تاريخ.<ref name="What Are Patient Demographics?">{{Cite web| title=What Are Patient Demographics?| date=21 December 2011| url=https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-date=28 January 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074040/https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| url-status=live}}</ref> '''رسمي ڊيموگرافي''' پنهنجي مطالعي کي آبادي جي عملن جي ماپ تائين محدود رکي ٿي، جڏهن ته '''سماجي ڊيموگرافي''' يا آبادي جو مطالعو معاشي، سماجي، ثقافتي ۽ حياتياتي عملن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن جو پڻ تجزيو ڪري ٿو.<ref>Andrew Hinde ''Demographic Methods'' Ch. 1 {{ISBN|0-340-71892-7}}</ref> == تاريخ == ڊيموگرافڪ سوچ قديم دور کان ملي ٿي، جيڪا [[قديم يونان]]، [[قديم روم]]، [[چين]] ۽ [[هندستان]] جهڙن ڪيترن ئي تهذيبن ۾ موجود هئي.<ref name="Srivastava2006">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oNcflpmW3BUC&dq=studies+in+demography&pg=PA1| title = S.C.Srivastava,''Studies in Demography'', p.39-41| isbn = 9788126119929| last1 = Srivastava| first1 = Sangya| date = December 2005| publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited}}</ref> لفظ ''ڊيموگرافي'' آبادي جي مجموعي مطالعي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/42674/excerpt/9781107042674_excerpt.pdf |title=Population and society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-04267-4 |edition=2 |pages=3 |chapter=An Introduction to Demography}}</ref> جديد دور ۾ ابتدائي ڊيموگرافڪ مطالعي مان هڪ '''جان گرانٽ''' (1662) جو ڪم هو، جنهن لنڊن ۾ ٻارن جي موت جي شرح جو مطالعو ڪيو. بعد ۾، '''ٿامس رابرٽ مالٿس''' 18هين صدي جي آخر ۾ آبادي جي واڌ ۽ کاڌ خوراڪ جي پيداوار جي وچ ۾ توازن تي پنهنجا مشهور خدشا (Malthusian catastrophe) ظاهر ڪيا. == طريقا == [[File:1888-01-22, La Ilustración Española y Americana, El censo de population, Alcázar.jpg|thumb|ابتدائي مردم شماري ۽ سروي ڊيموگرافڪ ڊيٽا مهيا ڪندا هئا.]] ڊيموگرافڪ [[ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ]] جا ٻه طريقا آهن: سڌو (Direct) ۽ اڻ سڌو (Indirect).<ref name="un-manual-x">{{cite book | title = Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation | publisher = United Nations | date = 1983 | url = https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf }}</ref> === سڌا طريقا === سڌي ڊيٽا '''وائٽل اسٽيٽسٽڪس ريجسٽريز''' مان حاصل ٿئي ٿي جيڪا پيدائش، موت، شادي ۽ طلاق جو رڪارڊ رکي ٿي. [[مردم شماري]] (Census) ٻيو وڏو سڌو طريقو آهي جيڪو عام طور تي هر 10 سالن کانپوءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي. === اڻ سڌا طريقا === اهي طريقا انهن ملڪن يا دورن لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن جتي مڪمل ڊيٽا موجود ناهي هوندي، جهڙوڪ ترقي پذير ملڪن ۾ يا تاريخي ڊيموگرافي ۾. == آبادي ۾ تبديلي == آبادي جي تبديلي کي هڪ آبادي جي سائيز ۽ ٻي سائيز جي وچ ۾ فرق سان ماپيو ويندو آهي. [[عالمي آبادي]] مسلسل وڌي رهي آهي، جيڪا آبادي جي تبديلي کي ڊيموگرافي جو هڪ اهم حصو بڻائي ٿي.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf |title=Global Population at a Glance: 2002 and Beyond |access-date=16 October 2022 }}</ref> == بنيادي مساوات == فرض ڪريو ته ڪنهن ملڪ جي آبادي وقت t تي Population(t) آهي. وقت t + 1 تي آبادي جي سائيز ڇا هوندي؟ : '''Population(t+1) = Population(t) + Natural Increase(t) + Net Migration(t)''' '''فطري واڌ''' (Natural Increase): : '''Natural Increase(t) = Births(t) - Deaths(t)''' '''خالص لڏپلاڻ''' (Net Migration): : '''Net Migration(t) = Immigration(t) - Emigration(t)''' == آبادي جي سائنس == آبادي ٽن عملن ذريعي بدلجي سگهي ٿي: زرخيزي (fertility)، موت (mortality)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration). <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/lftbls/lftbls.htm| title = N C H S - Life Tables| access-date = 9 September 2017}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:انساني جاگرافي]] kn5ibet0thekrpj06m3xgg2fu9um4mw 375386 375378 2026-05-02T13:40:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 375386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|سائنس جيڪا آبادي ۽ ان جي جوڙجڪ سان شمارياتي ۽ نظرياتي طور تي تعلق رکي ٿي}} [[File:Global Population-Pyramid-1950-to-2100.jpg|alt=1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جو پهرامڊ. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017|thumb|350x350px|1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جي ڊيموگرافي. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017]] '''اباديات''' يا '''ڊيموگرافي''' (انگريزي: Demography)، يوناني ٻولي جي ٻن لفظن "ڊيموس" (δῆμος، يعني ماڻهو، سماج) ۽ "گرافيا" (γραφία، مطالعو) سان،<ref> {{cite Merriam-Webster|demography}}</ref> انساني آباديءَ جو [[شماريات|شمارياتي مطالعو]] آهي، هن ۾ انهن جي سائيز، جوڙجڪ (مثال طور، نسلي گروھ، عمر) ۽ تبديليون جيڪيون پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ جي عمل ذريعي اچن ٿيون، شامل آهن.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population: A Lively Introduction |url=https://www.prb.org/resources/population-a-lively-introduction/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=PRB |language=en-US}}</ref> '''آبادياتي تجزيو''' آبادي جي طول و عرض ۽ [[آبادي جي حرڪت]] کي ماپي ٿو ۽ ان جو جائزو وٺي ٿو؛ هي پوري [[سماج]] يا مخصوص گروهن تي مشتمل ٿي سگهي ٿو، جيڪا [[تعليم]]، [[قوميت]]، [[مذهب]] ۽ [[نسل]] جي بنياد تي مقرر ڪيل هجن. تعليم جا ماهر عام طور تي آباديات کي [[سماجيات]] جو هڪ شعبو قرار ڏين ٿا،<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science of Population |url=http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |website=demographicpartitions.org |access-date=4 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |archive-date=14 August 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ آبادياتي جا ڪجهه شعبا پڻ موجود آهن.<ref name="ub">{{Cite web | title=UC Berkeley Demography department website | url=http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | access-date=12 October 2006 | archive-date=1 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901191409/http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> اهي طريقا بنيادي طور تي انساني آبادي جي مطالعي لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا آهن، پر اهي ٻين ڪيترن ئي علائقن تائين پکڙيل آهن جتي محقق اهو ڄاڻڻ چاهين ٿا ته سماجي ڪردارن جي آبادي وقت سان گڏ پيدائش، موت ۽ [[انساني لڏپلاڻ|لڏپلاڻ]] جي عمل ذريعي ڪيئن بدلجي سگهي ٿي. انساني حياتياتي آبادي جي حوالي سان، آبادياتي تجزيو [[سرڪاري رڪارڊ|انتظامي رڪارڊ]] استعمال ڪري آبادي جو هڪ آزاد [[تخمينو|اندازو]] لڳائي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Analysis |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cmb/cmbp/downloads/da.pdf |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=U.S. Census Monitoring Board}}</ref> آبادياتي تجزيي جي تخمينن کي اڪثر ڪنهن به وقت گڏ ڪيل [[آدمشماري]] جي معلومات جي درستگي کي پرکڻ لاءِ هڪ قابل اعتماد معيار سمجهيو ويندو آهي. [[ليبر فورس]] ۾، آبادياتي تجزيي جو استعمال مزدورن جي آبادي جي سائيز ۽ وهڪري کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ آبادي جي ماحوليات ۾ توجه فردن جي پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ تي هوندي آهي. ڪاروباري حوالي سان، هي اڪثر ڪري [[جاگرافيائي جڳھ]] سان لاڳاپيل آبادي جي وضاحت لاءِ ڪاروباري منصوبن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو. '''مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي''' ڪنهن به طبي اداري جي ڊيٽا جو بنياد هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مريض جي سڃاڻپ، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ طبي رڪارڊ شامل هوندو آهي. مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي ۾ شامل آهن: [[ڄمڻ جي تاريخ]]، [[جنس]]، موت جي تاريخ، پوسٽل ڪوڊ، نسل، [[رت جو گروپ]]، ايمرجنسي رابطي جي معلومات، فيملي ڊاڪٽر، انشورنس، [[الرجي]]، ۽ اهم طبي تاريخ.<ref name="What Are Patient Demographics?">{{Cite web| title=What Are Patient Demographics?| date=21 December 2011| url=https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-date=28 January 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074040/https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| url-status=live}}</ref> '''رسمي ڊيموگرافي''' پنهنجي مطالعي کي آبادي جي عملن جي ماپ تائين محدود رکي ٿي، جڏهن ته '''سماجي ڊيموگرافي''' يا آبادي جو مطالعو معاشي، سماجي، ثقافتي ۽ حياتياتي عملن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن جو پڻ تجزيو ڪري ٿو.<ref>Andrew Hinde ''Demographic Methods'' Ch. 1 {{ISBN|0-340-71892-7}}</ref> == تاريخ == ڊيموگرافڪ سوچ قديم دور کان ملي ٿي، جيڪا [[قديم يونان]]، [[قديم روم]]، [[چين]] ۽ [[هندستان]] جهڙن ڪيترن ئي تهذيبن ۾ موجود هئي.<ref name="Srivastava2006">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oNcflpmW3BUC&dq=studies+in+demography&pg=PA1| title = S.C.Srivastava,''Studies in Demography'', p.39-41| isbn = 9788126119929| last1 = Srivastava| first1 = Sangya| date = December 2005| publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited}}</ref> لفظ ''ڊيموگرافي'' آبادي جي مجموعي مطالعي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/42674/excerpt/9781107042674_excerpt.pdf |title=Population and society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-04267-4 |edition=2 |pages=3 |chapter=An Introduction to Demography}}</ref> جديد دور ۾ ابتدائي ڊيموگرافڪ مطالعي مان هڪ '''جان گرانٽ''' (1662) جو ڪم هو، جنهن لنڊن ۾ ٻارن جي موت جي شرح جو مطالعو ڪيو. بعد ۾، '''ٿامس رابرٽ مالٿس''' 18هين صدي جي آخر ۾ آبادي جي واڌ ۽ کاڌ خوراڪ جي پيداوار جي وچ ۾ توازن تي پنهنجا مشهور خدشا (Malthusian catastrophe) ظاهر ڪيا. == طريقا == [[File:1888-01-22, La Ilustración Española y Americana, El censo de population, Alcázar.jpg|thumb|ابتدائي مردم شماري ۽ سروي ڊيموگرافڪ ڊيٽا مهيا ڪندا هئا.]] ڊيموگرافڪ [[ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ]] جا ٻه طريقا آهن: سڌو (Direct) ۽ اڻ سڌو (Indirect).<ref name="un-manual-x">{{cite book | title = Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation | publisher = United Nations | date = 1983 | url = https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf }}</ref> === سڌا طريقا === سڌي ڊيٽا '''وائٽل اسٽيٽسٽڪس ريجسٽريز''' مان حاصل ٿئي ٿي جيڪا پيدائش، موت، شادي ۽ طلاق جو رڪارڊ رکي ٿي. [[مردم شماري]] (Census) ٻيو وڏو سڌو طريقو آهي جيڪو عام طور تي هر 10 سالن کانپوءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي. === اڻ سڌا طريقا === اهي طريقا انهن ملڪن يا دورن لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن جتي مڪمل ڊيٽا موجود ناهي هوندي، جهڙوڪ ترقي پذير ملڪن ۾ يا تاريخي ڊيموگرافي ۾. == آبادي ۾ تبديلي == آبادي جي تبديلي کي هڪ آبادي جي سائيز ۽ ٻي سائيز جي وچ ۾ فرق سان ماپيو ويندو آهي. [[عالمي آبادي]] مسلسل وڌي رهي آهي، جيڪا آبادي جي تبديلي کي ڊيموگرافي جو هڪ اهم حصو بڻائي ٿي.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf |title=Global Population at a Glance: 2002 and Beyond |access-date=16 October 2022 }}</ref> == بنيادي مساوات == فرض ڪريو ته ڪنهن ملڪ جي آبادي وقت t تي Population(t) آهي. وقت t + 1 تي آبادي جي سائيز ڇا هوندي؟ : '''Population(t+1) = Population(t) + Natural Increase(t) + Net Migration(t)''' '''فطري واڌ''' (Natural Increase): : '''Natural Increase(t) = Births(t) - Deaths(t)''' '''خالص لڏپلاڻ''' (Net Migration): : '''Net Migration(t) = Immigration(t) - Emigration(t)''' == آبادي جي سائنس == آبادي ٽن عملن ذريعي بدلجي سگهي ٿي: زرخيزي (fertility)، موت (mortality)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration). <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/lftbls/lftbls.htm| title = N C H S - Life Tables| access-date = 9 September 2017}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:انساني جاگرافي]] o4vzku2uj2q5j7jsov679ryukkv4i2m 375387 375386 2026-05-02T13:41:36Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ڊيموگرافي]] کي [[آباديات]] ڏانھن چوريو 375386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|سائنس جيڪا آبادي ۽ ان جي جوڙجڪ سان شمارياتي ۽ نظرياتي طور تي تعلق رکي ٿي}} [[File:Global Population-Pyramid-1950-to-2100.jpg|alt=1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جو پهرامڊ. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017|thumb|350x350px|1950 کان 2100 تائين عالمي آبادي جي ڊيموگرافي. ڊيٽا جو ذريعو: گڏيل قومون — ورلڊ پاپوليشن پراسپيڪٽس 2017]] '''اباديات''' يا '''ڊيموگرافي''' (انگريزي: Demography)، يوناني ٻولي جي ٻن لفظن "ڊيموس" (δῆμος، يعني ماڻهو، سماج) ۽ "گرافيا" (γραφία، مطالعو) سان،<ref> {{cite Merriam-Webster|demography}}</ref> انساني آباديءَ جو [[شماريات|شمارياتي مطالعو]] آهي، هن ۾ انهن جي سائيز، جوڙجڪ (مثال طور، نسلي گروھ، عمر) ۽ تبديليون جيڪيون پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ جي عمل ذريعي اچن ٿيون، شامل آهن.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population: A Lively Introduction |url=https://www.prb.org/resources/population-a-lively-introduction/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=PRB |language=en-US}}</ref> '''آبادياتي تجزيو''' آبادي جي طول و عرض ۽ [[آبادي جي حرڪت]] کي ماپي ٿو ۽ ان جو جائزو وٺي ٿو؛ هي پوري [[سماج]] يا مخصوص گروهن تي مشتمل ٿي سگهي ٿو، جيڪا [[تعليم]]، [[قوميت]]، [[مذهب]] ۽ [[نسل]] جي بنياد تي مقرر ڪيل هجن. تعليم جا ماهر عام طور تي آباديات کي [[سماجيات]] جو هڪ شعبو قرار ڏين ٿا،<ref>{{cite web|title=The Science of Population |url=http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |website=demographicpartitions.org |access-date=4 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814023915/http://demographicpartitions.org/science-population-determines-population-change/ |archive-date=14 August 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref> جيتوڻيڪ آبادياتي جا ڪجهه شعبا پڻ موجود آهن.<ref name="ub">{{Cite web | title=UC Berkeley Demography department website | url=http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | access-date=12 October 2006 | archive-date=1 September 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901191409/http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> اهي طريقا بنيادي طور تي انساني آبادي جي مطالعي لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا آهن، پر اهي ٻين ڪيترن ئي علائقن تائين پکڙيل آهن جتي محقق اهو ڄاڻڻ چاهين ٿا ته سماجي ڪردارن جي آبادي وقت سان گڏ پيدائش، موت ۽ [[انساني لڏپلاڻ|لڏپلاڻ]] جي عمل ذريعي ڪيئن بدلجي سگهي ٿي. انساني حياتياتي آبادي جي حوالي سان، آبادياتي تجزيو [[سرڪاري رڪارڊ|انتظامي رڪارڊ]] استعمال ڪري آبادي جو هڪ آزاد [[تخمينو|اندازو]] لڳائي ٿو.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Analysis |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cmb/cmbp/downloads/da.pdf |access-date=3 October 2023 |website=U.S. Census Monitoring Board}}</ref> آبادياتي تجزيي جي تخمينن کي اڪثر ڪنهن به وقت گڏ ڪيل [[آدمشماري]] جي معلومات جي درستگي کي پرکڻ لاءِ هڪ قابل اعتماد معيار سمجهيو ويندو آهي. [[ليبر فورس]] ۾، آبادياتي تجزيي جو استعمال مزدورن جي آبادي جي سائيز ۽ وهڪري کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ آبادي جي ماحوليات ۾ توجه فردن جي پيدائش، موت ۽ لڏپلاڻ تي هوندي آهي. ڪاروباري حوالي سان، هي اڪثر ڪري [[جاگرافيائي جڳھ]] سان لاڳاپيل آبادي جي وضاحت لاءِ ڪاروباري منصوبن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو. '''مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي''' ڪنهن به طبي اداري جي ڊيٽا جو بنياد هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مريض جي سڃاڻپ، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ طبي رڪارڊ شامل هوندو آهي. مريضن جي ڊيموگرافي ۾ شامل آهن: [[ڄمڻ جي تاريخ]]، [[جنس]]، موت جي تاريخ، پوسٽل ڪوڊ، نسل، [[رت جو گروپ]]، ايمرجنسي رابطي جي معلومات، فيملي ڊاڪٽر، انشورنس، [[الرجي]]، ۽ اهم طبي تاريخ.<ref name="What Are Patient Demographics?">{{Cite web| title=What Are Patient Demographics?| date=21 December 2011| url=https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| access-date=15 November 2020| archive-date=28 January 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128074040/https://www.macadamian.com/learn/patient-demographics/| url-status=live}}</ref> '''رسمي ڊيموگرافي''' پنهنجي مطالعي کي آبادي جي عملن جي ماپ تائين محدود رکي ٿي، جڏهن ته '''سماجي ڊيموگرافي''' يا آبادي جو مطالعو معاشي، سماجي، ثقافتي ۽ حياتياتي عملن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن جو پڻ تجزيو ڪري ٿو.<ref>Andrew Hinde ''Demographic Methods'' Ch. 1 {{ISBN|0-340-71892-7}}</ref> == تاريخ == ڊيموگرافڪ سوچ قديم دور کان ملي ٿي، جيڪا [[قديم يونان]]، [[قديم روم]]، [[چين]] ۽ [[هندستان]] جهڙن ڪيترن ئي تهذيبن ۾ موجود هئي.<ref name="Srivastava2006">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oNcflpmW3BUC&dq=studies+in+demography&pg=PA1| title = S.C.Srivastava,''Studies in Demography'', p.39-41| isbn = 9788126119929| last1 = Srivastava| first1 = Sangya| date = December 2005| publisher = Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited}}</ref> لفظ ''ڊيموگرافي'' آبادي جي مجموعي مطالعي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97811070/42674/excerpt/9781107042674_excerpt.pdf |title=Population and society |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-04267-4 |edition=2 |pages=3 |chapter=An Introduction to Demography}}</ref> جديد دور ۾ ابتدائي ڊيموگرافڪ مطالعي مان هڪ '''جان گرانٽ''' (1662) جو ڪم هو، جنهن لنڊن ۾ ٻارن جي موت جي شرح جو مطالعو ڪيو. بعد ۾، '''ٿامس رابرٽ مالٿس''' 18هين صدي جي آخر ۾ آبادي جي واڌ ۽ کاڌ خوراڪ جي پيداوار جي وچ ۾ توازن تي پنهنجا مشهور خدشا (Malthusian catastrophe) ظاهر ڪيا. == طريقا == [[File:1888-01-22, La Ilustración Española y Americana, El censo de population, Alcázar.jpg|thumb|ابتدائي مردم شماري ۽ سروي ڊيموگرافڪ ڊيٽا مهيا ڪندا هئا.]] ڊيموگرافڪ [[ڊيٽا گڏ ڪرڻ]] جا ٻه طريقا آهن: سڌو (Direct) ۽ اڻ سڌو (Indirect).<ref name="un-manual-x">{{cite book | title = Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation | publisher = United Nations | date = 1983 | url = https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf }}</ref> === سڌا طريقا === سڌي ڊيٽا '''وائٽل اسٽيٽسٽڪس ريجسٽريز''' مان حاصل ٿئي ٿي جيڪا پيدائش، موت، شادي ۽ طلاق جو رڪارڊ رکي ٿي. [[مردم شماري]] (Census) ٻيو وڏو سڌو طريقو آهي جيڪو عام طور تي هر 10 سالن کانپوءِ ڪيو ويندو آهي. === اڻ سڌا طريقا === اهي طريقا انهن ملڪن يا دورن لاءِ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن جتي مڪمل ڊيٽا موجود ناهي هوندي، جهڙوڪ ترقي پذير ملڪن ۾ يا تاريخي ڊيموگرافي ۾. == آبادي ۾ تبديلي == آبادي جي تبديلي کي هڪ آبادي جي سائيز ۽ ٻي سائيز جي وچ ۾ فرق سان ماپيو ويندو آهي. [[عالمي آبادي]] مسلسل وڌي رهي آهي، جيڪا آبادي جي تبديلي کي ڊيموگرافي جو هڪ اهم حصو بڻائي ٿي.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/wp02-1.pdf |title=Global Population at a Glance: 2002 and Beyond |access-date=16 October 2022 }}</ref> == بنيادي مساوات == فرض ڪريو ته ڪنهن ملڪ جي آبادي وقت t تي Population(t) آهي. وقت t + 1 تي آبادي جي سائيز ڇا هوندي؟ : '''Population(t+1) = Population(t) + Natural Increase(t) + Net Migration(t)''' '''فطري واڌ''' (Natural Increase): : '''Natural Increase(t) = Births(t) - Deaths(t)''' '''خالص لڏپلاڻ''' (Net Migration): : '''Net Migration(t) = Immigration(t) - Emigration(t)''' == آبادي جي سائنس == آبادي ٽن عملن ذريعي بدلجي سگهي ٿي: زرخيزي (fertility)، موت (mortality)، ۽ لڏپلاڻ (migration). <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/lftbls/lftbls.htm| title = N C H S - Life Tables| access-date = 9 September 2017}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:آباديات]] [[زمرو:انساني جاگرافي]] o4vzku2uj2q5j7jsov679ryukkv4i2m 10 92352 375523 362905 2026-05-02T23:48:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use/sandbox|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{دستاويز}} <!-- زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو، مهرباني! --> </noinclude> hcvnhqfwhh1a5x8jjiovavlp9h1lnej 375530 375523 2026-05-03T00:24:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use/sandbox|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}|fetch={{{fetch|}}}|no-percent={{{no-percent|}}}|all-pages={{{all-pages|}}}|nocat={{{nocat|}}}}}<noinclude> {{دستاويز}} </noinclude> evqdgp2tb3ndbx2nqiom319g3xtbal5 375533 375530 2026-05-03T00:30:38Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use/sandbox|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}|fetch={{{fetch|}}}|no-percent={{{no-percent|}}}|all-pages={{{all-pages|}}}|nocat={{{nocat|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> tsy1arawvdumi2x55tk39cnjufbfxhw 375536 375533 2026-05-03T00:34:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use/sandbox|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> ng4ard1xmto6egt22afvj42yfvissff 828 92354 375524 362909 2026-05-02T23:58:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 375524 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count')._fetch local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage() local large_count_cutoff = 100000 local approx_num_total_pages = 63000000 local user_subpage_info_page = 'Wikipedia:User pages#SUB' local sandbox_module_page = 'Module:Sandbox' local system_messages_cat = 'Pages used in system messages needing protection' local sandbox_word = 'sandbox' local testcases_word = 'testcases' local doc_word = 'doc' local function count_from_args(args) if tonumber(args.count) then return tonumber(args.count) end local count if yesno(args['fetch']) ~= false then count = _fetch(args) end if count == nil and args[1] ~= nil and args[1] ~= '' then count = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '+$', '') count = lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]) end if count and count > 0 then return count end return nil end local function risk_boolean(args) if args.risk == true or args.risk == false then return args.risk elseif args[1] == 'risk' then return true else local count = count_from_args(args) if count and count >= large_count_cutoff then return true end end return false end function p._risk(args) return risk_boolean(args) and 'risk' or '' end function p.risk(frame) return p._risk(getArgs(frame)) end function p._num(args, count, no_percent) if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local return_value = '' if args.count == nil and args.risk then return 'تمام وڏي تعداد ۾' elseif args.count == nil then return 'گهڻن' else local sigfig = 2 if args.count >= large_count_cutoff then sigfig = 3 end local f = math.floor(math.log10(args.count)) - sigfig + 1 if yesno(args[2]) == true or (type(args[1]) == 'string' and (mw.ustring.sub(args[1], -1) == '+')) then return_value = string.format('%s+', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^(f))) * (10^(f)))) else return_value = string.format('لڳ ڀڳ&#x20;%s', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f)))) end no_percent = yesno(no_percent or args['no-percent']) if args.count and args.count >= approx_num_total_pages/100 and not no_percent then local num_total_pages = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') local total_percent = math.floor(((args.count/num_total_pages) * 100) + 0.5) if total_percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format('%s&#x20;صفحا، يا لڳ ڀڳ سڀني جو %s%%', return_value, total_percent) end end end return return_value end function p.num(frame, count) return p._num(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._text(args, count) local bot_text = (mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '') and ("\n\n----\n'''پريويو پيغام''':" .. ' شامل ٿيڻ جو ڳاڻيٽو پاڻمرادو تازه ڪيو ويو آهي ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|دستاويز ڏسو]]).') or '' if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local title = args.title or (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == doc_word or title.subpageText == sandbox_word or title.subpageText == testcases_word then title = title.basePageTitle end local testcases_page = mw.title.new(title.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) while testcases_page.basePageTitle.isSubpage and not testcases_page.exists do testcases_page = mw.title.new(testcases_page.basePageTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) end local systemMessages = (args['system'] or '') ~= '' local templateCount = ('[https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=%s&page=%s#transclusions %s صفحن] تي'):format( title:fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p._num(args)) local used_on_text = "'''هي " .. (title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچو') .. ' ' if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. args['system'] .. ((args.count and args.count > 2000) and ("''', ۽ " .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو") or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو'''" end local sandbox_text = ('%s جي [[%s/sandbox|/ريتخانو]] يا [[%s|/آزمائشي حالت]] ذيلي صفحن ۾، يا پنهنجي [[%s]] ۾. '):format( title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچي', title.fullText, testcases_page.fullText, title:inNamespace('Module') and (sandbox_module_page .. '|ماڊيول ريتخانو') or (user_subpage_info_page .. '|يوزر ذيلي صفحي') ) local infoArg = args['info'] ~= '' and args['info'] if (systemMessages or args.risk) then local info = '.' if systemMessages then info = info .. '<br />هن ۾ ڪيل تبديليون فوري طور ' .. mw.site.namespaces.Project.name .. ' جي يوزر انٽرفيس تي اثرانداز ٿي سگهن ٿيون.' end if infoArg then info = info .. '<br />' .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br />وڏي خلل کان بچڻ لاءِ' .. (args.count and args.count >= large_count_cutoff and ' ۽ سرور تي بار کان بچڻ لاءِ' or '') .. '، ڪنهن به تبديلي کي پهريان ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. آزمائشي تبديليون پوءِ هڪ ئي ترميم ۾ هن صفحي تي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' ت') or ' ۽ ت') .. 'بديليون وڏي پيماني تي نظر اچي سگهن ٿيون. تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ، مهرباني ڪري انهن کي ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. ' end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'مهرباني ڪري تبديليون ' or 'تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ ' if args[2] ~= nil and args[2] ~= '' and yesno(args[2]) == nil then discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s]] تي بحث ڪريو', discussion_text, args[2]) else discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s|ڳالهيون صفحي]] تي بحث ڪرڻ تي پڻ غور ڪريو', discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. '.' .. bot_text end function p.text(frame, count) return p._text(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._main(args, nocat) args.count = count_from_args(args) args.risk = risk_boolean(args) args.title = (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local image = 'Ambox warning yellow.svg' local type_param = 'style' local epilogue = '' if args['system'] and args['system'] ~= '' then image = 'Ambox important.svg' type_param = 'content' if yesno(nocat or args['nocat']) ~= true and not args.title.isRedirect then local protection_action = (args.title:inNamespace('File') and 'upload') or 'edit' local protection_level = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main(protection_action, args.title.fullText) if protection_level ~= 'sysop' and protection_level ~= 'templateeditor' and protection_level ~= 'interfaceadmin' then epilogue = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'sandbox other', args = { [2] = '[[Category:' .. system_messages_cat .. ']]' } } end end elseif args.risk then image = 'Ambox warning orange.svg' type_param = 'content' end image = '[[File:' .. image .. '|40px|alt=چتاءُ|link=]]' if args['form'] == 'editnotice' then return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ['image'] = image, ['text'] = p._text(args), ['expiry'] = (args['expiry'] or '') } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = (args['expiry'] or '') }) .. epilogue end end function p.main(frame) return p._main(getArgs(frame)) end return p q9k0zbf33l9skwdtn4903o9zfmmeqlg 375528 375524 2026-05-03T00:17:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 375528 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count')._fetch local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage() local large_count_cutoff = 100000 local approx_num_total_pages = 63000000 local user_subpage_info_page = 'Wikipedia:User pages#SUB' local sandbox_module_page = 'Module:Sandbox' local system_messages_cat = 'Pages used in system messages needing protection' local sandbox_word = 'sandbox' local testcases_word = 'testcases' local doc_word = 'doc' local function count_from_args(args) if tonumber(args.count) then return tonumber(args.count) end local count if yesno(args.fetch) ~= false then count = _fetch(args) end if count == nil and args[1] ~= nil and args[1] ~= '' then count = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '+$', '') count = lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]) end if count and count > 0 then return count end return nil end local function risk_boolean(args) if args.risk == true or args.risk == false then return args.risk elseif args[1] == 'risk' then return true else local count = count_from_args(args) if count and count >= large_count_cutoff then return true end end return false end function p._risk(args) return risk_boolean(args) and 'risk' or '' end function p.risk(frame) return p._risk(getArgs(frame)) end function p._num(args, count, no_percent) if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local return_value = '' if args.count == nil and args.risk then return 'تمام وڏي تعداد ۾' elseif args.count == nil then return 'گهڻن' else local sigfig = 2 if args.count >= large_count_cutoff then sigfig = 3 end local f = math.floor(math.log10(args.count)) - sigfig + 1 if yesno(args[2]) == true or (type(args[1]) == 'string' and mw.ustring.sub(args[1], -1) == '+') then return_value = string.format('%s+', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^f)) * (10^f))) else return_value = string.format('لڳ ڀڳ %s', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^f) + 0.5) * (10^f))) end no_percent = yesno(no_percent or args['no-percent']) if args.count and args.count >= approx_num_total_pages / 100 and not no_percent then local num_total_pages = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') local total_percent = math.floor(((args.count / num_total_pages) * 100) + 0.5) if total_percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format('%s صفحا، يا سڀني صفحن جو لڳ ڀڳ %s%%', return_value, total_percent) end end end return return_value end function p.num(frame, count) return p._num(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._text(args, count) local bot_text = (mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '') and ("\n\n----\n'''پريويو پيغام''': شامل ٿيڻ جو ڳاڻيٽو پاڻمرادو تازه ڪيو ويو آهي ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|دستاويز ڏسو]]).") or '' if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local title = args.title or (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == doc_word or title.subpageText == sandbox_word or title.subpageText == testcases_word then title = title.basePageTitle end local testcases_page = mw.title.new(title.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) while testcases_page.basePageTitle.isSubpage and not testcases_page.exists do testcases_page = mw.title.new(testcases_page.basePageTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) end local systemMessages = (args.system or '') ~= '' local templateCount = ('[https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=%s&page=%s#transclusions %s صفحن] تي'):format( title:fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p._num(args) ) local used_on_text = "'''هي " .. (title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچو') .. ' ' if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. args.system .. ((args.count and args.count > 2000) and ("'''، ۽ " .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو") or "'''") else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو'''" end local sandbox_text = ('%s جي [[%s/sandbox|/sandbox]] يا [[%s|/testcases]] ذيلي صفحن ۾، يا پنهنجي [[%s]] ۾. '):format( title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچي', title.fullText, testcases_page.fullText, title:inNamespace('Module') and (sandbox_module_page .. '|ماڊيول ريتخاني') or (user_subpage_info_page .. '|يوزر ذيلي صفحي') ) local infoArg = args.info ~= '' and args.info if systemMessages or args.risk then local info = '.' if systemMessages then info = info .. '<br />هن ۾ ڪيل تبديليون فوري طور ' .. mw.site.namespaces.Project.name .. ' جي يوزر انٽرفيس تي اثرانداز ٿي سگهن ٿيون.' end if infoArg then info = info .. '<br />' .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br />وڏي خلل کان بچڻ لاءِ' .. (args.count and args.count >= large_count_cutoff and ' ۽ سرور تي بار کان بچڻ لاءِ' or '') .. '، ڪنهن به تبديلي کي پهريان ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. آزمائشي تبديليون پوءِ هڪ ئي ترميم ۾ هن صفحي تي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' ت') or ' ۽ ت') .. 'بديليون وڏي پيماني تي نظر اچي سگهن ٿيون. تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ، مهرباني ڪري انهن کي ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. ' end local discussion_text if systemMessages then discussion_text = 'مهرباني ڪري تبديليون ' else discussion_text = 'تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ ' end if args[2] ~= nil and args[2] ~= '' and yesno(args[2]) == nil then discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s]] تي بحث ڪريو', discussion_text, args[2]) else discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s|ڳالهيون صفحي]] تي بحث ڪرڻ تي پڻ غور ڪريو', discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. '.' .. bot_text end function p.text(frame, count) return p._text(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._main(args, nocat) args.count = count_from_args(args) args.risk = risk_boolean(args) args.title = (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local image = 'Ambox warning yellow.svg' local type_param = 'style' local epilogue = '' if args.system and args.system ~= '' then image = 'Ambox important.svg' type_param = 'content' if yesno(nocat or args.nocat) ~= true and not args.title.isRedirect then local protection_action = (args.title:inNamespace('File') and 'upload') or 'edit' local protection_level = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main(protection_action, args.title.fullText) if protection_level ~= 'sysop' and protection_level ~= 'templateeditor' and protection_level ~= 'interfaceadmin' then epilogue = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'sandbox other', args = { [2] = '[[Category:' .. system_messages_cat .. ']]' } } end end elseif args.risk then image = 'Ambox warning orange.svg' type_param = 'content' end image = '[[File:' .. image .. '|40px|alt=چتاءُ|link=]]' if args.form == 'editnotice' then return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'editnotice', args = { image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = args.expiry or '' } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = args.expiry or '' }) .. epilogue end end function p.main(frame) return p._main(getArgs(frame)) end return p i6a8skj8zkjpo3o6ml8mnnui5b25x0c 375535 375528 2026-05-03T00:34:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 375535 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count')._fetch local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage() local large_count_cutoff = 100000 local approx_num_total_pages = 63000000 local user_subpage_info_page = 'Wikipedia:User pages#SUB' local sandbox_module_page = 'Module:Sandbox' local system_messages_cat = 'Pages used in system messages needing protection' local sandbox_word = 'sandbox' local testcases_word = 'testcases' local doc_word = 'doc' local function count_from_args(args) if tonumber(args.count) then return tonumber(args.count) end local count if yesno(args['fetch']) ~= false then count = _fetch(args) end if count == nil and args[1] ~= nil and args[1] ~= '' then count = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '+$', '') count = lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]) end if count and count > 0 then return count end return nil end local function risk_boolean(args) if args.risk == true or args.risk == false then return args.risk elseif args[1] == 'risk' then return true else local count = count_from_args(args) if count and count >= large_count_cutoff then return true end end return false end function p._risk(args) return risk_boolean(args) and 'risk' or '' end function p.risk(frame) return p._risk(getArgs(frame)) end function p._num(args, count, no_percent) if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local return_value = '' if args.count == nil and args.risk then return 'تمام وڏي تعداد ۾' elseif args.count == nil then return 'گهڻن' else local sigfig = 2 if args.count >= large_count_cutoff then sigfig = 3 end local f = math.floor(math.log10(args.count)) - sigfig + 1 if yesno(args[2]) == true or (type(args[1]) == 'string' and (mw.ustring.sub(args[1], -1) == '+')) then return_value = string.format('%s+', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^(f))) * (10^(f)))) else return_value = string.format('لڳ ڀڳ&#x20;%s', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor((args.count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f)))) end no_percent = yesno(no_percent or args['no-percent']) if args.count and args.count >= approx_num_total_pages/100 and not no_percent then local num_total_pages = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') local total_percent = math.floor(((args.count/num_total_pages) * 100) + 0.5) if total_percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format('%s&#x20;صفحا، يا لڳ ڀڳ سڀني جو %s%%', return_value, total_percent) end end end return return_value end function p.num(frame, count) return p._num(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._text(args, count) local bot_text = (mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '') and ("\n\n----\n'''پريويو پيغام''':" .. ' شامل ٿيڻ جو ڳاڻيٽو پاڻمرادو تازه ڪيو ويو آهي ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|دستاويز ڏسو]]).') or '' if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) local title = args.title or (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == doc_word or title.subpageText == sandbox_word or title.subpageText == testcases_word then title = title.basePageTitle end local testcases_page = mw.title.new(title.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) while testcases_page.basePageTitle.isSubpage and not testcases_page.exists do testcases_page = mw.title.new(testcases_page.basePageTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) end local systemMessages = (args['system'] or '') ~= '' local templateCount = ('[https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=%s&page=%s#transclusions %s صفحن] تي'):format( title:fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p._num(args)) local used_on_text = "'''هي " .. (title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچو') .. ' ' if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. args['system'] .. ((args.count and args.count > 2000) and ("''', ۽ " .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو") or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. " استعمال ٿئي ٿو'''" end local sandbox_text = ('%s جي [[%s/sandbox|/ريتخانو]] يا [[%s|/آزمائشي حالت]] ذيلي صفحن ۾، يا پنهنجي [[%s]] ۾. '):format( title:inNamespace('Module') and 'ماڊيول' or 'سانچي', title.fullText, testcases_page.fullText, title:inNamespace('Module') and (sandbox_module_page .. '|ماڊيول ريتخانو') or (user_subpage_info_page .. '|يوزر ذيلي صفحي') ) local infoArg = args['info'] ~= '' and args['info'] if (systemMessages or args.risk) then local info = '.' if systemMessages then info = info .. '<br />هن ۾ ڪيل تبديليون فوري طور ' .. mw.site.namespaces.Project.name .. ' جي يوزر انٽرفيس تي اثرانداز ٿي سگهن ٿيون.' end if infoArg then info = info .. '<br />' .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br />وڏي خلل کان بچڻ لاءِ' .. (args.count and args.count >= large_count_cutoff and ' ۽ سرور تي بار کان بچڻ لاءِ' or '') .. '، ڪنهن به تبديلي کي پهريان ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. آزمائشي تبديليون پوءِ هڪ ئي ترميم ۾ هن صفحي تي شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' ت') or ' ۽ ت') .. 'بديليون وڏي پيماني تي نظر اچي سگهن ٿيون. تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ، مهرباني ڪري انهن کي ' .. sandbox_text .. 'آزمائي ڏسو. ' end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'مهرباني ڪري تبديليون ' or 'تبديليون لاڳو ڪرڻ کان اڳ ' if args[2] ~= nil and args[2] ~= '' and yesno(args[2]) == nil then discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s]] تي بحث ڪريو', discussion_text, args[2]) else discussion_text = string.format('%s[[%s|ڳالهيون صفحي]] تي بحث ڪرڻ تي پڻ غور ڪريو', discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. '.' .. bot_text end function p.text(frame, count) return p._text(getArgs(frame), count) end function p._main(args, nocat) args.count = count_from_args(args) args.risk = risk_boolean(args) args.title = (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local image = 'Ambox warning yellow.svg' local type_param = 'style' local epilogue = '' if args['system'] and args['system'] ~= '' then image = 'Ambox important.svg' type_param = 'content' if yesno(nocat or args['nocat']) ~= true and not args.title.isRedirect then local protection_action = (args.title:inNamespace('File') and 'upload') or 'edit' local protection_level = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main(protection_action, args.title.fullText) if protection_level ~= 'sysop' and protection_level ~= 'templateeditor' and protection_level ~= 'interfaceadmin' then epilogue = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'sandbox other', args = { [2] = '[[Category:' .. system_messages_cat .. ']]' } } end end elseif args.risk then image = 'Ambox warning orange.svg' type_param = 'content' end image = '[[File:' .. image .. '|40px|alt=چتاءُ|link=]]' if args['form'] == 'editnotice' then return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ['image'] = image, ['text'] = p._text(args), ['expiry'] = (args['expiry'] or '') } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = (args['expiry'] or '') }) .. epilogue end end function p.main(frame) return p._main(getArgs(frame)) end return p q9k0zbf33l9skwdtn4903o9zfmmeqlg 10 92732 375474 364015 2026-05-02T19:03:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:String|rep|1={{{2|}}}|2={{{1|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 6diyjar2xksgygvn9my4kbm8gy7a853 375475 375474 2026-05-02T19:03:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:String|rep|1={{{2|}}}|2={{{1|<noinclude>1</noinclude>}}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ihnwk7atcvgiek8ljkhv8v98aokd5po 0 93205 375592 365365 2026-05-03T03:20:44Z CommonsDelinker 103 Removing [[:c:File:Princess-Leila-Pahlavi-–82-1024x721.jpg|Princess-Leila-Pahlavi-–82-1024x721.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Dmdldmdoke|]]. 375592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ڄاڻخانو شاھي اقتدار|image=|caption=1990 واري ڏهاڪي ۾ شهزادي ليلا|birth_name=فاطمه پھلوي<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/90870?keyword=%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C|title=Exemption from court fees in lawsuits against the heirs and relatives of the deceased king|work=Islamic Parliament Research Center of The Islamic Republic of IRAN|accessdate=21 April 2021|language=Persian|archive-date=18 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118201737/https://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/90870?keyword=%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_date={{birth date|1970|03|27|df=y}}|birth_place=​[[تهران]]، [[پهلوي ايران|ايران جي شهنشاهي رياست]]|death_date={{Death date and age|2001|6|10|1970|03|27|df=y}}|death_place=لنڊن, انگلستان|burial_date=جون|burial_place=[[پاسي سيميٽري|پاسي شمشان گهاٽ]]، پئرس، فرانس|consort=<!-- yes or no -->|house=[[پهلوي شاهي گھراڻو|پهلوي]]|house-type=|father=[[محمد رضا شاهه پهلوي]]|mother=[[فرح پهلوي|فرحه ديبا]]}} '''ليلا پهلوي''' ( پرشين ؛ 27 مارچ 1970 - 10 جون 2001) ايران جي شهزادي ۽ محمد رضا شاهه ۽ سندس ٽئين زال، شهبانو [[فرح پهلوي]] جي ننڍي ڌيءَ هئي. == پهِريِن جيون == ليليٰ پهلوي 27 مارچ 1970 تي ايران جي [[تھران|شهر تهران]] ۾ جنم ورتو. هوءَ رضا ۽ فرح پهلوي جي چوٿين ۽ ننڍي ڌيءُ هئي. <ref name=":1">{{حوالو ويب|date=12 June 2001|quote=19 June 2021}}</ref> هن جا ٻه وڏا ڀائر، هڪ وڏي ڀيڻ ۽ هڪ وڏي ويڳي ڀيڻ هئي. <ref name=":1" /> == ڏيھ نيڪالي ۾ == شهزادي ليلا نو سالن جي هئي جڏهن سندس گھراڻي کي 1979 جي [[ايراني انقلاب]] جي نتيجي ۾ ڏيھ نيڪالي تي مجبور ڪيو ويو. 1980 ۾ مصر ۾ سندس پيءُ جي نان هوجڪنز ليمفوما کان موت کان پوءِ، ڪٽنب آمريڪا ۾ آباد ٿيو. هن نيويارڪ شهر ۾ گڏيل قومن جي انٽرنيشنل اسڪول ۾ پڙھائي ڪئي ۽ 1988 ۾ رائي ڪنٽري ڊي اسڪول مان گريجوئيشن ڪئي <ref name=":0">{{حوالو ويب|date=13 October 2001|quote=19 June 2021}}</ref> هوءَ فارسي، انگريزي ۽ فرينچ، انهي سان گڏ ڪجهه اسپيني ۽ اطالوي پڻ رواني سان ڳالهائيندي هئي.<ref name=":0" /> هن پنهنجو گهڻو وقت گرين وچ، ڪنيڪٽيڪٽ ۽ پيرس ۾ پنهنجي گهر جي وچ ۾ سفر ڪندي گذاريو، جتي سندس ماءُ رهندي هئي. ليلا پهلوي براون يونيورسٽي ۾ ساھت ۽ فلسفي جو اڀياس ڪيو ۽ هن 1992 ۾ گريجوئيشن ڪئي. <ref name=":0">{{حوالو ويب|date=13 October 2001|quote=19 June 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBurke2001">Burke, Jason (13 October 2001). </cite></ref> جڏهن ته، ڪجهه ذريعن جو چوڻ آهي ته هن خراب صحت جي ڪري گريجوئيشن کان اڳ يونيورسٽي ڇڏي ڏني. <ref name=":0" /> هوءَ ڊزائنر ويلنٽينو لاءِ هڪ وقت جي ماڊل هئي، ۽ انورڪسيا نروسا ، پراڻو گهٽ پاڻ ڀائنڻ، سخت ڊپريشن <ref>{{حوالو ويب|date=19 June 2001}}</ref> ۽ ڪرونڪ ٿڪاوٽ سنڊروم ۾ ورتل هئي. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Leila Pahlavi; Deposed Shah's Daughter|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-12-me-9491-story.html|quote=11 September 2020|date=12 June 2001}}</ref> == موت == [[فائل:Leila_Pahlavi.jpg|thumb|ليلا پهلوي جي قبر، پاسي قبرستان ، پيرس، فرانس ۾]] آچر 10 جون 2001 تي، ليلا کي سندس ڊاڪٽر لنڊن جي ليونارڊ هوٽل ۾ سندس ڪمري ۾ 19:30 [[برطانوي اونھارو وقت|BST]] کان ٿورو اڳ مئل حالت ۾ لڌو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1384283.stm|title=Shah's daughter found dead|date=12 June 2001|quote=11 November 2009}}</ref> هن کي پنهنجي سرير ۾ سيڪونل جي پنج ڀيرا کان وڌيڪ موتمار خوراڪ، هڪ باربيٽيوريٽ جيڪو بي خوابي جي علاج لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو هو، ڪوڪين جي غير جان ليوا مقدار سان گڏ مليو، <ref>{{Cite news|title=Shah's daughter stole to fuel her drug habit|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1335290/Shahs-daughter-stole-to-fuel-her-drug-habit.html|date=26 July 2001}}</ref> ظاهري طور تي آپگھات ڏسڻ ۾ آيو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|date=4 January 2011}}</ref> هوءَ بستري تي ملي، سندس جسم سالن جي انورڪسيا ، بليميا ، <ref name="Telegraph">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1335290/Shahs-daughter-stole-to-fuel-her-drug-habit.html|title=Shah's daughter stole to fuel her drug habit|date=26 July 2001}}</ref> ۽ کاڌي جي عدم برداشت جي ڪري ڪمزور هو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20134900,00.html|title=Burden of Grief|date=16 July 2011}}</ref> سندس موت جي رپورٽ پٽاندڙ، جنهن ۾ ويسٽ منسٽر ڪورونر ڪورٽ پاران ڪيل پوسٽ مارٽم مان معلومات شامل هئي، هن هڪ ملاقات دوران پنهنجي ڊاڪٽر جي ڊيسڪ تان سيڪونل چوري ڪئي ۽ دوا جي عادي هئي، عام طور تي مقرر ڪيل ٻن جي بدران هڪ ئي وقت 40 گوليون وٺندي هئي. <ref name="Telegraph" /> 17 جون 2001 تي، هن کي سندس ناني، فريده ديبا (نئي گھوٽبي) جي ڀرسان، پيرس، فرانس جي سيميٽيئر ڊي پاسي ۾ دفن ڪيو ويو. جنازي ۾ سندس ماءُ، ايران جي اڳوڻي شاهي خاندان؛ گڏوگڏ اڳوڻي فرانسيسي شاهي گهراڻي جا ڀاتي؛ ۽ فريڊرڪ ميٽررينڊ ، مرحوم فرانسيسي صدر فرانسوا ميٽررينڊ جو ڀائٽيو شامل هئا. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1393069.stm|title=Shah's daughter laid to rest|date=17 June 2001|quote=11 November 2009}}</ref> 4 جنوري 2011 تي، سندس ڀاءُ علي رضا پهلوي [[بوسٽن]] ، ميساچوسٽس ۾ سندس گهر ۾ هڪ ظاهري طور آپگھات جي ڪري مئل مليو. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/01/04/shah.son.suicide/index.html|title=Son of former shah of Iran commits suicide|work=CNN|date=4 January 2011|accessdate=4 September 2016}}</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالو}} == ٻاھرين ڳنڍڻا == * {{آءِ ايم ڊي بي نالو}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20030602183405/http://farahpahlavi.org/leila-passing.html Leila's Memorial site by her mother] * [http://www.iranian.com/SetarehSabety/2001/June/Leila/ Iranian.com editorial about Pahlavi's death] * [https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,527381,00.html Guardian article about results of Pahlavi death inquest] {{اختياري سَندَ}} [[زمرو:2001ع جون فوتگيون]] [[زمرو:1970ع جون پيدائشون]] [[زمرو:ايراني ناري ماڊل]] [[زمرو:پھلوي راڄڪماريون]] 19fkqrda1re6rx83nxjmdthbfzbi84l 0 95058 375369 372108 2026-05-02T13:02:03Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڊيٽا]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|غلط ڪمپيوٽر ريڪارڊن جي درستگي}} {{Distinguish|ڊيٽا اسڪربنگ|ردعمل}} '''ڊيٽا جي صفائي''' يا ''' Data Cleansing''' يا '''Data cleaning''' اهو عمل آهي جنهن ۾ ڪنهن ڊيٽا سيٽ، [[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدول]]، يا [[ڊيٽابيس]] مان خراب، غلط، يا غير لاڳاپيل [[ذخيري جو ريڪارڊ|ريڪارڊن]] جي سڃاڻپ ۽ درستگي (يا هٽائڻ) ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ هن ۾ ڊيٽا جي اڻپوري، غلط، يا غير درست حصن کي ڳولڻ ۽ پوءِ متاثر ٿيل ڊيٽا کي بدلائڻ، ترميم ڪرڻ، يا ختم ڪرڻ شامل هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation |last1=Wu |first1=S. |title=A review on coarse warranty data and analysis |journal=Reliability Engineering and System |year=2013 |volume=114 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2012.12.021 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/32972/1/LatestVersionV01.pdf}}</ref> ڊيٽا جي صفائي [[تفائليت| باھمي رابطي واري]] طريقي سان [[ڊيٽا ورينگلنگ]] اوزارن جي ذريعي به ٿي سگهي ٿو، يا [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] وسيلي، گهڻو ڪري اسڪرپٽن يا [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت فائر وال]] جي مدد سان۔ صاف ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، هڪ [[ڊيٽا سيٽ]] کي نظام ۾ موجود ٻين ساڳين ڊيٽا سيٽن سان هم آهنگ هجڻ گهرجي۔ جيڪي اڻبرابريون ڳوليون يا ختم ڪيون وڃن ٿيون، اهي اصل ۾ شايد استعمال ڪندڙ جي داخلا وارين غلطين، ترسيل يا ذخيري ۾ خرابي، يا مختلف ذخيرن ۾ هڪجهڙن وجودن لاءِ مختلف [[ڊيٽا لغت]] جي وصفن جي ڪري پيدا ٿيون هجن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ، [[ڊيٽا جي توثيق]] کان مختلف آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ توثيق ۾ تقريباً هميشه ڊيٽا کي داخلا وقت ئي نظام مان رد ڪيو ويندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ بعد ۾ گڏيل ڊيٽا جي بيچن تي ٿيندي آهي۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو اصل عمل [[ٽائپوگرافي غلطي]]ون ختم ڪرڻ يا ڄاتل وجودن جي فهرست جي مقابلي ۾ قدرن جي توثيق ۽ درستگي به شامل ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اها توثيق سخت به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙو هر پتو رد ڪرڻ جنهن ۾ صحيح [[پوستي ڪوڊ]] نه هجي)، يا [[فزي منطق|فزي]] يا [[تقريبي اسٽرنگ ميچنگ]] تي ٻڌل به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙن ريڪارڊن کي درست ڪرڻ جيڪي جزوي طور موجود ڄاتل ريڪارڊن سان ملن ٿا)۔ ڪجهه ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا حل، تصديق ٿيل ڊيٽا سيٽ سان ڀيٽ ڪري ڊيٽا صاف ڪندا آهن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي هڪ عام روايت ڊيٽا کي وڌيڪ مڪمل بڻائڻ آهي، جنهن ۾ لاڳاپيل معلومات شامل ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن پتي سان لاڳاپيل فون نمبر شامل ڪرڻ۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ ۾ [[مخروطي شڪل#ڳڻپ|هم آهنگي]] (يا معياري بڻائڻ) به شامل ٿي سگهي ٿي، جنهن مان مراد اهڙي ڊيٽا کي گڏ آڻڻ آهي، جيڪا "مختلف فائل فارميٽن، نالي رکڻ جي روايتن، ۽ ڪالمن" ۾ هجي،<ref>{{cite web |title=Data 101: What is Data Harmonization? |language=en |date=14 April 2017 |website=Datorama |url=https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024062426/https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ۽ ان کي هڪ گڏيل ۽ مربوط ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ بدلائڻ؛ ان جو هڪ سادو مثال مخففن کي وڌائڻ آهي ("st, rd, etc." کي "گھٽي, روڊ, وغيره" ۾ بدلائڻ). == محرڪ == انتظامي طور غلط يا اڻ يڪسان ڊيٽا، عوامي ۽ نجي ٻنهي سطحن تي غلط نتيجن ۽ گمراهه ڪندڙ [[ميڪرو اقتصاديات]] ڏانهن وٺي وڃي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، [[حڪومت]] آباديءَ جي ڳڻپ جي انگن جو تجزيو ڪرڻ چاهي ٿي ته جيئن اهو فيصلو ڪري سگهي ته ڪهڙن علائقن ۾ [[ڍانچو]] ۽ خدمتن تي وڌيڪ خرچ ۽ سيڙپڪاري جي ضرورت آهي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾، صحيح مالي فيصلا ڪرڻ لاءِ قابلِ اعتماد ڊيٽا تائين رسائي تمام اهم هوندي۔ ڪاروباري دنيا ۾ به غلط ڊيٽا تمام مهانگي پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيتريون ڪمپنيون گراهڪن بابت [[ڊيٽابيس]] استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جن ۾ رابطا، پتا ۽ ترجيحات جهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن پتا غير يڪسان هجن، ته ڪمپني کي ٻيهر ٽپال موڪلڻ جو خرچ ڀوڳڻو پوندو يا گراهڪ به وڃائي ويهندي۔ == ڊيٽا جو معيار == اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا کي ڪيفيت جي ڪجهه معيارن تي پورو لهڻو پوندو۔ انهن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''درستي/صحت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپون مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطن يا پابندين سان مطابقت رکن ٿيون۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[پيمائشي تصديق (شماريات)]].)'' جڏهن جديد ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجي ڊيٽا-گرفتاري وارا نظام ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، ته درستي کي يقيني بڻائڻ نسبتاً آسان هوندو آهي: غلط ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري پراڻن نظامن ۾ پيدا ٿيندي آهي (جتي پابنديون سافٽويئر ۾ لاڳو نه ڪيون ويون هجن) يا جتي غير مناسب ڊيٽا-گرفتاري ٽيڪنالاجي استعمال ڪئي وئي هجي (مثال طور اسپريڊشيٽون، جتي جيڪڏهن سيل جي توثيق استعمال نه ڪئي وڃي ته ڪنهن سيل ۾ صارف ڇا داخل ڪري ٿو، ان کي محدود ڪرڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي)۔ ڊيٽا جون پابنديون هيٺين قسمن ۾ اچن ٿيون: ** ''ڊيٽا-قسم جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن خاص ڪالم ۾ قدرون ڪنهن خاص ڊيٽا قسم جون هجڻ گهرجن، جهڙوڪ بوليئن، عددي (integer يا real)، يا تاريخ۔ ** ''حد جون پابنديون:'' عام طور انگ يا تاريخون ڪنهن خاص حد اندر هجڻ گهرجن۔ يعني انهن لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ جائز قدرون هونديون آهن۔ ** ''لازمي پابنديون:'' ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ ** ''انفراديت جون پابنديون:'' هڪ فيلڊ يا فيلڊن جو ميلاپ، سڄي ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ يڪتا هجڻ گهرجي۔ مثال طور، ٻه ماڻهن جو ساڳيو سوشل سيڪيورٽي نمبر نه ٿي سگهي۔ ** ''سيٽ-رڪنيت جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن ڪالم جون قدرون محدود جدا جدا قدرن يا ڪوڊن جي فهرست مان هجڻ گهرجن۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن شخص جي جنس مونث، مذڪر، يا غير-بائنري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ** ''خارجي-ڪنجي جون پابنديون:'' هي سيٽ-رڪنيت جو وڌيڪ عام مثال آهي۔ ڪنهن ڪالم جي قدرن جو سيٽ، ٻي ٽيبل جي اهڙي ڪالم ۾ بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي جنهن ۾ يڪتا قدرون هجن۔ مثال طور، آمريڪي ٽيڪس ڏيندڙن جي ڊيٽابيس ۾ "رياست" وارو ڪالم، آمريڪا جي مقرر ڪيل رياستن يا علائقن مان هڪ هجڻ ضروري آهي: اهي جائز رياستون ۽ علائقا هڪ الڳ ٽيبل ۾ محفوظ هوندا آهن۔ اصطلاح [[ٻاھرين-ڪي]] تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس جي اصطلاحن مان ورتل آهي۔ ** ''باقاعده اظهار جا نمونا:'' ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متني فيلڊن کي هن طريقي سان توثيق ڪرڻي پوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، اتر آمريڪا جي فون نمبرن لاءِ شايد 999-999–9999 وارو نمونو ضروري هجي۔ ** ''ڪراس-فيلڊ توثيق:'' ڪجهه شرطون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي فيلڊن کي گڏ استعمال ڪن، انهن جو صحيح هجڻ ضروري آهي۔ مثال طور، ليبارٽري ميڊيسن ۾ رت جي اڇن گھرڙن جي تفصيلي ڳڻپ جي جزن جو مجموعو 100 هجڻ گهرجي (ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي سڀ سيڪڙيون آهن)۔ اسپتال جي ڊيٽابيس ۾، مريض جي ڊسچارج جي تاريخ داخلا جي تاريخ کان اڳ واري نه ٿي سگهي۔ * '''سڌائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڪا ماپ ڪنهن معيار يا حقيقي قدر سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[درستگي ۽ نفاست]].)'' عام حالت ۾ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وسيلي سڌائي حاصل ڪرڻ ڏکيو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ان لاءِ ڪنهن اهڙي ٻاهرين ذريعي تائين رسائي گهربل آهي جنهن ۾ حقيقي قدر موجود هجي: اهڙي "سون جي معيار" واري ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري دستياب نه هوندي آهي۔ ڪجهه صاف ڪرڻ وارين حالتن ۾، خاص ڪري گراهڪن جي رابطي واري ڊيٽا ۾، ٻاهرين ڊيٽابيس استعمال ڪري سڌائي حاصل ڪئي وئي آهي، جيڪي زپ ڪوڊن کي جاگرافيائي هنڌن (شهر ۽ رياست) سان ملائينديون آهن ۽ اهو به تصديق ڪنديون آهن ته انهن زپ ڪوڊن اندر ڏنل گهٽي جا پتا واقعي موجود آهن۔ * '''تڪميل''': اها حد جنهن تائين سڀ گهربل ماپون معلوم هجن۔ اڻپوري ڊيٽا کي صاف ڪرڻ واري طريقي سان مڪمل ڪرڻ تقريباً ناممڪن آهي: جيڪو واقعو اصل ۾ رڪارڊ ئي نه ٿيو هجي، ان کي بعد ۾ اندازي سان ثابت نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ (ڪجهه حالتن ۾، مثلاً انٽرويو ڊيٽا ۾، ممڪن آهي ته اصل ذريعي ڏانهن موٽي اڻپوري ڳالهين کي درست ڪيو وڃي، پر پوءِ به يادگيري جي مسئلن سبب ڪاميابي جي ضمانت نه هوندي.) انهن نظامن ۾، جتي ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن، ماڻهو "نامعلوم" يا "گم ٿيل" جهڙو قدر استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، پر اهڙي ڊفالٽ قدر فراهم ڪرڻ جو مطلب اهو نه آهي ته ڊيٽا مڪمل ٿي وئي آهي۔ * '''يڪسانيت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ مختلف نظامن ۾ هڪجهڙو هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[يڪسانيت]].)'' اڻ يڪسانيت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي جڏهن ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ ٻه ڊيٽا شيون هڪ ٻئي جي تضاد ۾ هجن: مثال طور، ڪنهن گراهڪ جو ٻه مختلف نظامن ۾ ٻه مختلف موجوده پتا درج هجن، جڏهن⁠تہ انهن مان صرف هڪ صحيح ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ اهڙي اڻ يڪسانيت کي درست ڪرڻ هميشه ممڪن ناهي: ان لاءِ مختلف حڪمت عملين جي ضرورت پوي ٿي ــ مثال طور، اهو طئي ڪرڻ ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا وڌيڪ تازو رڪارڊ ٿي، ڪهڙو ذريعو وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد آهي، يا سڌو سنئون ٻنهي قدرن جي جاچ ڪري سچ معلوم ڪرڻ۔ * '''يڪروپائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڊيٽا ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ سڀني نظامن ۾ ماپ جي ساڳين اکائين ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ماپ جو ايڪو]].)'' اهڙين ڊيٽا سيٽن ۾ جيڪي مختلف علائقن مان گڏ ڪيون ويون هجن، وزن پائونڊن يا ڪلوگرام ۾ رڪارڊ ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو ۽ انهن کي ڪنهن رياضيائي تبديلي ذريعي هڪ ئي ماپ ۾ بدلائڻ ضروري هوندو آهي۔ اصطلاح '''سالمتي''' درستگي، يڪسانيت ۽ پيمائشي تصديق (validity) جي ڪجهه پهلوئن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ڊيٽا جي سالميت]])'' پر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي تناظر ۾ اهو اصطلاح اڪثر پاڻمرادو استعمال نٿو ٿئي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو ڪافي مخصوص ناهي۔ (مثال طور، "[[حوالائي سالميت]]" هڪ اهڙو اصطلاح آهي جيڪو مٿي بيان ڪيل ٻاھرين-ڪي پابندين جي نفاذ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔) == عمل == * '''ڊيٽا آڊٽنگ''': [[شماريات|شمارياتي]] ۽ ڊيٽابيس طريقن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن بيقاعدگيون ۽ تضاد ڳوليا وڃن: اهڙي آڊٽ مان بيقاعدگين جي خاصيتن ۽ انهن جي هنڌن جو پتو پوي ٿو۔ ڪيترائي تجارتي سافٽويئر پيڪيج اوهان کي مختلف قسمن جون پابنديون طئي ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا (هڪ اهڙي گرامر سان جيڪا ڪنهن معياري پروگرامنگ ٻولي، جهڙوڪ [[جاواسڪرپٽ]] يا [[نظري بيسڪ]]، جي گرامر سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿي) ۽ پوءِ اهڙو ڪوڊ پيدا ڪن ٿا جيڪو انهن پابندين جي ڀڃڪڙيءَ لاءِ ڊيٽا جي جاچ ڪري ٿو۔ هن عمل کي هيٺ "ورڪ فلو اسپيسيفڪيشن" ۽ "ورڪ فلو اگزيڪيوشن" وارن نڪتن ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو آهي۔ جن استعمال ڪندڙن وٽ اعليٰ درجي جي صفائي واري سافٽويئر تائين رسائي نه هجي، اهي مائڪرو ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽابيس پيڪيجز جهڙوڪ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايڪسس]] يا [[فائل ميڪر پرو]] استعمال ڪري به اهڙيون جاچون ڪري سگهن ٿا، گهڻو ڪري ٿوري يا بغير پروگرامنگ جي، هڪ-هڪ پابنديءَ جي بنياد تي، باھمي رابطي واري نموني۔ * '''ورڪ فلو وضاحت''': بيقاعدگين کي ڳولڻ ۽ هٽائڻ، ڊيٽا تي لاڳو ٿيندڙ عملن جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي ڪيو ويندو آهي، جنهن کي ورڪ فلو چيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو ڊيٽا جي آڊٽ کان پوءِ مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ انتهائي اهم هوندو آهي۔ مناسب ورڪ فلو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڊيٽا ۾ موجود بيقاعدگين ۽ غلطين جي سببن جو ويجهڙائيءَ سان جائزو وٺڻ ضروري آهي۔ * '''ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ''': هن مرحلي ۾، ورڪ فلو جي وضاحت مڪمل ٿيڻ ۽ ان جي درستگي جي تصديق ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ان کي عمل ۾ آندو ويندو آهي۔ ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ ڪارائتو هجڻ گهرجي، ڀلي وڏي ڊيٽا سيٽ تي ئي ڇو نه هجي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا عمل حسابي طور ڳرا ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ * '''پوسٽ-پروسيسنگ ۽ ڪنٽرول''': صفائي واري ورڪ فلو هلائڻ کان پوءِ نتيجن جو جائزو ورتو ويندو آهي ته جيئن درستگي پڪ ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪا ڊيٽا ورڪ فلو دوران صحيح نه ٿي سگهي، ان کي جيڪڏهن ممڪن هجي ته هٿ سان درست ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ نتيجي طور ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو هڪ نئون چڪر شروع ٿيندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ڊيٽا جو ٻيهر آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن وڌيڪ خودڪار صفائي لاءِ نئون ورڪ فلو مقرر ڪري سگهجي۔ سٺي معيار واري بنيادي ڊيٽا جو تعلق "ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ثقافت" سان آهي، ۽ ان جي شروعات تنظيم جي مٿئين سطح کان ٿيڻ گهرجي۔ اهو فقط داخلا واري اسڪرينن تي مضبوط پيمائشي تصديق واري آزمائش لاڳو ڪرڻ جو معاملو ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ڪيترا به سخت ڇو نه هجن، استعمال ڪندڙ گهڻو ڪري انهن کي چڪما ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ انهن تنظيمن لاءِ جيڪي ڊيٽا جو معيار بهتر بڻائڻ چاهين ٿيون، نون مرحلن واري هڪ رهنمائي موجود آهي:<ref>Kimball, R., Ross, M., Thornthwaite, W., Mundy, J., Becker, B. ''The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit'', Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-14977-5}}</ref><ref>Olson, J. E. ''Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension", [[Morgan Kaufmann]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-55860-891-5}}''</ref> * [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت]] واري ثقافت لاءِ اعليٰ سطحي وابستگيءَ جو اعلان ڪريو * انتظامي سطح تي عملن جي نئين جوڙجڪ کي اڳتي وڌايو * ڊيٽا داخلا واري ماحول کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ايپليڪيشنن جي انضمام کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * عملن جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي طريقي کي بدلائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ابتدا کان انتها تائين ٽيم جي آگاهي وڌايو * کاتن جي وچ ۾ سهڪار کي فروغ ڏيو * عوامي طور ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ۾ شانداريت جو جشن ملهايو * مسلسل ڊيٽا ڪيفيت کي ماپيو ۽ بهتر بڻايو ٻين مرحلن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''[[پارسننگ]]''': نحوي غلطين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ۔ هڪ پارسر فيصلو ڪندو آهي ته ڊيٽا جي ڪا اسٽرنگ جائز اسپيسيفڪيشن جي اندر قبول لائق آهي يا نه۔ هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن پارسر [[گرامر]] ۽ [[ٻولي]] سان ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ * '''ڊيٽا تبديلي''': ڊيٽا تبديلي ذريعي ڊيٽا کي ان جي موجوده فارميٽ مان ان فارميٽ ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪو لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشن لاءِ گهربل هوندو آهي۔ هن ۾ قدرن جي تبديلي، ترجمي وارا فنڪشن، ۽ عددي قدرن کي گھٽ ۾ گھٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ حدن سان هم آهنگ ڪرڻ شامل آهي۔ * '''نقل ختم ڪرڻ''': ٻٽي داخلا جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ اهڙي [[الگورٿم]] جي ضرورت پوندي آهي جيڪو اهو طئي ڪري ته ڇا ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ ئي وجود جون نقل صورتون موجود آهن۔ عام طور تي ڊيٽا کي هڪ اهڙي ڪي (key) تي ترتيب ڏنو ويندو آهي، جيڪا ٻٽي داخلائن کي جلدي سڃاڻپ لاءِ ويجهو آڻي ڇڏي۔ * '''شمارياتي طريقا''': [[مين (شماريات|مين)]] (mean)، [[اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن (شماريات)|اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن]]، [[رينج (شماريات)|رينج]]، يا [[ڪلسٽر تجزيو|ڪلسٽرنگ]] الگورٿمن جي قدرن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو تجزيو ڪري، ماهر اهڙيون قدرون ڳولي سگهي ٿو جيڪي غير متوقع ۽ تنهن ڪري غلط لڳن۔ جيتوڻيڪ اهڙي ڊيٽا جي درستگي ڏکيو هوندي آهي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ حقيقي قدر معلوم نه هوندي، پر ان کي اوسط يا ٻين شمارياتي قدرن تي مقرر ڪري حل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ شمارياتي طريقا غائب ملھن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، جن کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قابل قبول ملھن سان بدلائي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪي عام طور وسيع [[ڊيٽا جو واڌارو|ڊيٽا جي واڌاري واري]] الگورٿمن ذريعي حاصل ٿينديون آهن۔ == نظام == هن نظام جو بنيادي ڪم اهو آهي ته [[خراب ڊيٽا]] کي درست ڪرڻ ۽ ساڳي وقت ڊيٽا کي ايترو ممڪن حد تائين اصل ماخذ پيداڪندڙ نظام جي ويجهو رکڻ جي وچ ۾ توازن قائم ڪيو وڃي۔ اهو اخراج ، لوڊنگ ۽ تبديلي واري معمار لاءِ هڪ چئلينج آهي۔ نظام کي اهڙي جوڙجڪ مهيا ڪرڻ گهرجي، جيڪا ڊيٽا صاف ڪري سگهي، خاصيتي واقعن کي رڪارڊ ڪري سگهي، ۽ [[ڊيٽا گودام]] ۾ ڊيٽا جي معيار کي ماپي ۽ سنڀالي سگهي۔ هڪ سٺو آغاز اها آهي ته تفصيلي [[ڊيٽا پروفائلنگ]] تجزيو ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جي گهربل پيچيدگي طئي ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪندو ۽ ماخذي نظام يا نظامن ۾ موجوده ڊيٽا معيار بابت پڻ خيال ڏيندو۔ == معيار جون اسڪرينون == ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جو هڪ حصو تشخيصي فلٽرن جو مجموعو هوندو آهي، جن کي خاصيت وارا اسڪرين چيو ويندو آهي۔ انهن مان هر هڪ ڊيٽا جي وهڪري ۾ هڪ ٽيسٽ لاڳو ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿيڻ تي غلطي وارن واقعن جي خاڪي ۾ هڪ غلطي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي۔ خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن کي ٽن قسمن ۾ ورهايو ويندو آهي: * ڪالم اسڪرين. انفرادي ڪالم جي جاچ، مثال طور اهڙين غير متوقع قدرن لاءِ جهڙوڪ [[null character|NULL]] values؛ اهڙيون غير عددي قدرون جيڪي عددي هجڻ گهرجن؛ حد کان ٻاهر واريون قدرون وغيره۔ * Structure screens. اهي ساڳئي يا مختلف ٽيبلن ۾ ڪالمن جي وچ ۾ مختلف لاڳاپن (عام طور foreign/primary keys) جي سالمتي جاچڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿينديون آهن۔ اهي انهيءَ لاءِ به استعمال ٿينديون آهن ته ڏٺو وڃي ته ڪنهن ڪالمن جو گروهه ڪنهن ساختي تعريف مطابق جائز آهي يا نه۔ * Business rule screens. ٽنهي قسمن مان سڀ کان وڌيڪ پيچيده ٽيسٽون۔ اهي ڏسن ٿيون ته ڇا ڊيٽا، شايد ڪيترن ئي ٽيبلن ۾، مخصوص ڪاروباري ضابطن تي پوري لهندي آهي يا نه۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن ڪنهن گراهڪ کي ڪنهن خاص قسم جو گراهڪ نشان لڳايو ويو آهي، ته پوءِ ان قسم جي گراهڪ بابت مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطا به پوري ٿيڻ گهرجن۔ جڏهن quality screen ڪنهن غلطي کي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي، تڏهن اهو يا ته dataflow process کي روڪي سگهي ٿو، يا خراب ڊيٽا کي target system کان سواءِ ٻي هنڌ موڪلي سگهي ٿو، يا ڊيٽا کي tag ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ آخري اختيار کي بهترين حل سمجھيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ پهرئين صورت ۾ هر ڀيري مسئلو ٿيڻ تي ڪنهن کي هٿ سان ان کي سنڀالڻو پوندو آهي، ۽ ٻي صورت ۾ target system مان ڊيٽا غائب رهندي ([[integrity]]) ۽ گهڻو ڪري اهو واضح نه هوندو ته اهڙي ڊيٽا سان آخر ڇا ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ == موجوده اوزارن ۽ عملن تي تنقيد == اڪثر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارن اوزارن ۾ استعمال جي سهولت بابت پابنديون موجود هونديون آهن: * '''منصوبي جو خرچ''': اڪثر ڪري سوين هزارين ڊالرن تائين * '''وقت''': وڏي پيماني واري ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري سافٽويئر ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪرڻ وقت وٺندڙ آهي * '''سيڪيورٽي''': آڏي-پيمائشي تصديق cross-validation لاءِ معلومات ورهائڻ ضروري هوندي آهي، جنهن سان مختلف نظامن، بشمول حساس ورثي جا نظام، تائين ايپليڪيشن تائين رسد مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي آهي == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو، خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن طرفان پيدا ڪيل سڀني غلطي وارن واقعن جا ريڪارڊ محفوظ ڪندو آهي۔ اهو هڪ غلطي وارو واقعو [[حقيقت واري جدول]] تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽن ڊائمينش جدولن ڏانهن [[ٻاھرين ڪي|ٻاھريون چاٻيون (keys)]] هونديون آهن، جيڪي تاريخ (ڪڏهن)، [[بيچ جاب]] (ڪٿي)، ۽ اسڪرين (ڪنهن غلطي پيدا ڪئي) کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون۔ ان ۾ اها معلومات به هوندي آهي ته غلطي صحيح ڪهڙي وقت پيدا ٿي ۽ ان جي سنگيني ڪيتري هئي۔ ان کان علاوه هڪ غلطي واري واقعي جي تفصيلي حقيقت واري جدول به هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مکيه جدول table ڏانهن ٻاھرين چاٻي foreign key هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ اها تفصيلي ڄاڻ هوندي آهي ته غلطي ڪهڙي ٽيبل، ريڪارڊ، ۽ فيلڊ ۾ ٿي ۽ غلطي واري حالت ڇا هئي۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[ڊيٽا ايڊيٽنگ]] * [[ڊيٽا انتظام]] * [[ڊيٽا مائننگ]] * [[ڊيٽابيس جي مرمت]] * [[Iterative proportional fitting]] * [[ريڪارڊ ڳانڍاپو]] * [[هڪڙو گراهڪ ڏيک]] * [[ٽرائئنگوليشن (سماجي سائنس)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} == وڌيڪ پڙهو == * {{cite book |last=McKinney |first=Wes |title=Python for Data Analysis |edition=2nd |location=|publisher=O'Reilly |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4919-5766-0 |chapter=Data Cleaning and Preparation |pages=195–224}} * {{cite book |last1=van der Loo |first1=Mark |first2=Edwin |last2=de Jonge |title=Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-118-89715-7}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chicco D, Oneto L, Tavazzi E |title=Eleven quick tips for data cleaning and feature engineering |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=18 |issue=12 |article-number=e1010718 |date=December 2022 |pmid=36520712 |pmc=9754225 |s2cid= 254733288 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010718 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLSCB..18E0718C }} * {{citation |author=Chu, X. |author2=Ilyas, I. F. |author3=Krishnan, S. |author4=Wang, J. |title=Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data |year=2016 |chapter=Data Cleaning |pages=2201–2206 |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/2882903.2912574|isbn=978-1-4503-3531-7 }} * {{citation |author=Côté, P.-O. |author2=Nikanjam, A. |author3=Ahmed, N. |author4=Humeniuk, D. |author5=Khomh, F. |year=2024 |title=Data cleaning and machine learning: a systematic literature review |journal=Automated Software Engineering |volume=31 |issue=2 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |doi=10.1007/s10515-024-00453-w|arxiv=2310.01765 }} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313055016/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/78230/Data_Scrubbing ''Computerworld: Data Scrubbing''] (February 10, 2003) {{Data}} [[Category:Data quality]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] 6mz5k7hwia5za9zgyp7it1gr373ana5 375370 375369 2026-05-02T13:02:38Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|غلط ڪمپيوٽر ريڪارڊن جي درستگي}} {{Distinguish|ڊيٽا اسڪربنگ|ردعمل}} '''ڊيٽا جي صفائي''' يا ''' Data Cleansing''' يا '''Data cleaning''' اهو عمل آهي جنهن ۾ ڪنهن ڊيٽا سيٽ، [[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدول]]، يا [[ڊيٽابيس]] مان خراب، غلط، يا غير لاڳاپيل [[ذخيري جو ريڪارڊ|ريڪارڊن]] جي سڃاڻپ ۽ درستگي (يا هٽائڻ) ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ هن ۾ ڊيٽا جي اڻپوري، غلط، يا غير درست حصن کي ڳولڻ ۽ پوءِ متاثر ٿيل ڊيٽا کي بدلائڻ، ترميم ڪرڻ، يا ختم ڪرڻ شامل هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation |last1=Wu |first1=S. |title=A review on coarse warranty data and analysis |journal=Reliability Engineering and System |year=2013 |volume=114 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2012.12.021 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/32972/1/LatestVersionV01.pdf}}</ref> ڊيٽا جي صفائي [[تفائليت| باھمي رابطي واري]] طريقي سان [[ڊيٽا ورينگلنگ]] اوزارن جي ذريعي به ٿي سگهي ٿو، يا [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] وسيلي، گهڻو ڪري اسڪرپٽن يا [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت فائر وال]] جي مدد سان۔ صاف ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، هڪ [[ڊيٽا سيٽ]] کي نظام ۾ موجود ٻين ساڳين ڊيٽا سيٽن سان هم آهنگ هجڻ گهرجي۔ جيڪي اڻبرابريون ڳوليون يا ختم ڪيون وڃن ٿيون، اهي اصل ۾ شايد استعمال ڪندڙ جي داخلا وارين غلطين، ترسيل يا ذخيري ۾ خرابي، يا مختلف ذخيرن ۾ هڪجهڙن وجودن لاءِ مختلف [[ڊيٽا لغت]] جي وصفن جي ڪري پيدا ٿيون هجن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ، [[ڊيٽا جي توثيق]] کان مختلف آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ توثيق ۾ تقريباً هميشه ڊيٽا کي داخلا وقت ئي نظام مان رد ڪيو ويندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ بعد ۾ گڏيل ڊيٽا جي بيچن تي ٿيندي آهي۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو اصل عمل [[ٽائپوگرافي غلطي]]ون ختم ڪرڻ يا ڄاتل وجودن جي فهرست جي مقابلي ۾ قدرن جي توثيق ۽ درستگي به شامل ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اها توثيق سخت به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙو هر پتو رد ڪرڻ جنهن ۾ صحيح [[پوستي ڪوڊ]] نه هجي)، يا [[فزي منطق|فزي]] يا [[تقريبي اسٽرنگ ميچنگ]] تي ٻڌل به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙن ريڪارڊن کي درست ڪرڻ جيڪي جزوي طور موجود ڄاتل ريڪارڊن سان ملن ٿا)۔ ڪجهه ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا حل، تصديق ٿيل ڊيٽا سيٽ سان ڀيٽ ڪري ڊيٽا صاف ڪندا آهن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي هڪ عام روايت ڊيٽا کي وڌيڪ مڪمل بڻائڻ آهي، جنهن ۾ لاڳاپيل معلومات شامل ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن پتي سان لاڳاپيل فون نمبر شامل ڪرڻ۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ ۾ [[مخروطي شڪل#ڳڻپ|هم آهنگي]] (يا معياري بڻائڻ) به شامل ٿي سگهي ٿي، جنهن مان مراد اهڙي ڊيٽا کي گڏ آڻڻ آهي، جيڪا "مختلف فائل فارميٽن، نالي رکڻ جي روايتن، ۽ ڪالمن" ۾ هجي،<ref>{{cite web |title=Data 101: What is Data Harmonization? |language=en |date=14 April 2017 |website=Datorama |url=https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024062426/https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ۽ ان کي هڪ گڏيل ۽ مربوط ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ بدلائڻ؛ ان جو هڪ سادو مثال مخففن کي وڌائڻ آهي ("st, rd, etc." کي "گھٽي, روڊ, وغيره" ۾ بدلائڻ). == محرڪ == انتظامي طور غلط يا اڻ يڪسان ڊيٽا، عوامي ۽ نجي ٻنهي سطحن تي غلط نتيجن ۽ گمراهه ڪندڙ [[ميڪرو اقتصاديات]] ڏانهن وٺي وڃي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، [[حڪومت]] آباديءَ جي ڳڻپ جي انگن جو تجزيو ڪرڻ چاهي ٿي ته جيئن اهو فيصلو ڪري سگهي ته ڪهڙن علائقن ۾ [[ڍانچو]] ۽ خدمتن تي وڌيڪ خرچ ۽ سيڙپڪاري جي ضرورت آهي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾، صحيح مالي فيصلا ڪرڻ لاءِ قابلِ اعتماد ڊيٽا تائين رسائي تمام اهم هوندي۔ ڪاروباري دنيا ۾ به غلط ڊيٽا تمام مهانگي پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيتريون ڪمپنيون گراهڪن بابت [[ڊيٽابيس]] استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جن ۾ رابطا، پتا ۽ ترجيحات جهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن پتا غير يڪسان هجن، ته ڪمپني کي ٻيهر ٽپال موڪلڻ جو خرچ ڀوڳڻو پوندو يا گراهڪ به وڃائي ويهندي۔ == ڊيٽا جو معيار == اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا کي ڪيفيت جي ڪجهه معيارن تي پورو لهڻو پوندو۔ انهن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''درستي/صحت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپون مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطن يا پابندين سان مطابقت رکن ٿيون۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[پيمائشي تصديق (شماريات)]].)'' جڏهن جديد ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجي ڊيٽا-گرفتاري وارا نظام ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، ته درستي کي يقيني بڻائڻ نسبتاً آسان هوندو آهي: غلط ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري پراڻن نظامن ۾ پيدا ٿيندي آهي (جتي پابنديون سافٽويئر ۾ لاڳو نه ڪيون ويون هجن) يا جتي غير مناسب ڊيٽا-گرفتاري ٽيڪنالاجي استعمال ڪئي وئي هجي (مثال طور اسپريڊشيٽون، جتي جيڪڏهن سيل جي توثيق استعمال نه ڪئي وڃي ته ڪنهن سيل ۾ صارف ڇا داخل ڪري ٿو، ان کي محدود ڪرڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي)۔ ڊيٽا جون پابنديون هيٺين قسمن ۾ اچن ٿيون: ** ''ڊيٽا-قسم جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن خاص ڪالم ۾ قدرون ڪنهن خاص ڊيٽا قسم جون هجڻ گهرجن، جهڙوڪ بوليئن، عددي (integer يا real)، يا تاريخ۔ ** ''حد جون پابنديون:'' عام طور انگ يا تاريخون ڪنهن خاص حد اندر هجڻ گهرجن۔ يعني انهن لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ جائز قدرون هونديون آهن۔ ** ''لازمي پابنديون:'' ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ ** ''انفراديت جون پابنديون:'' هڪ فيلڊ يا فيلڊن جو ميلاپ، سڄي ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ يڪتا هجڻ گهرجي۔ مثال طور، ٻه ماڻهن جو ساڳيو سوشل سيڪيورٽي نمبر نه ٿي سگهي۔ ** ''سيٽ-رڪنيت جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن ڪالم جون قدرون محدود جدا جدا قدرن يا ڪوڊن جي فهرست مان هجڻ گهرجن۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن شخص جي جنس مونث، مذڪر، يا غير-بائنري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ** ''خارجي-ڪنجي جون پابنديون:'' هي سيٽ-رڪنيت جو وڌيڪ عام مثال آهي۔ ڪنهن ڪالم جي قدرن جو سيٽ، ٻي ٽيبل جي اهڙي ڪالم ۾ بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي جنهن ۾ يڪتا قدرون هجن۔ مثال طور، آمريڪي ٽيڪس ڏيندڙن جي ڊيٽابيس ۾ "رياست" وارو ڪالم، آمريڪا جي مقرر ڪيل رياستن يا علائقن مان هڪ هجڻ ضروري آهي: اهي جائز رياستون ۽ علائقا هڪ الڳ ٽيبل ۾ محفوظ هوندا آهن۔ اصطلاح [[ٻاھرين-ڪي]] تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس جي اصطلاحن مان ورتل آهي۔ ** ''باقاعده اظهار جا نمونا:'' ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متني فيلڊن کي هن طريقي سان توثيق ڪرڻي پوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، اتر آمريڪا جي فون نمبرن لاءِ شايد 999-999–9999 وارو نمونو ضروري هجي۔ ** ''ڪراس-فيلڊ توثيق:'' ڪجهه شرطون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي فيلڊن کي گڏ استعمال ڪن، انهن جو صحيح هجڻ ضروري آهي۔ مثال طور، ليبارٽري ميڊيسن ۾ رت جي اڇن گھرڙن جي تفصيلي ڳڻپ جي جزن جو مجموعو 100 هجڻ گهرجي (ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي سڀ سيڪڙيون آهن)۔ اسپتال جي ڊيٽابيس ۾، مريض جي ڊسچارج جي تاريخ داخلا جي تاريخ کان اڳ واري نه ٿي سگهي۔ * '''سڌائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڪا ماپ ڪنهن معيار يا حقيقي قدر سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[درستگي ۽ نفاست]].)'' عام حالت ۾ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وسيلي سڌائي حاصل ڪرڻ ڏکيو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ان لاءِ ڪنهن اهڙي ٻاهرين ذريعي تائين رسائي گهربل آهي جنهن ۾ حقيقي قدر موجود هجي: اهڙي "سون جي معيار" واري ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري دستياب نه هوندي آهي۔ ڪجهه صاف ڪرڻ وارين حالتن ۾، خاص ڪري گراهڪن جي رابطي واري ڊيٽا ۾، ٻاهرين ڊيٽابيس استعمال ڪري سڌائي حاصل ڪئي وئي آهي، جيڪي زپ ڪوڊن کي جاگرافيائي هنڌن (شهر ۽ رياست) سان ملائينديون آهن ۽ اهو به تصديق ڪنديون آهن ته انهن زپ ڪوڊن اندر ڏنل گهٽي جا پتا واقعي موجود آهن۔ * '''تڪميل''': اها حد جنهن تائين سڀ گهربل ماپون معلوم هجن۔ اڻپوري ڊيٽا کي صاف ڪرڻ واري طريقي سان مڪمل ڪرڻ تقريباً ناممڪن آهي: جيڪو واقعو اصل ۾ رڪارڊ ئي نه ٿيو هجي، ان کي بعد ۾ اندازي سان ثابت نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ (ڪجهه حالتن ۾، مثلاً انٽرويو ڊيٽا ۾، ممڪن آهي ته اصل ذريعي ڏانهن موٽي اڻپوري ڳالهين کي درست ڪيو وڃي، پر پوءِ به يادگيري جي مسئلن سبب ڪاميابي جي ضمانت نه هوندي.) انهن نظامن ۾، جتي ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن، ماڻهو "نامعلوم" يا "گم ٿيل" جهڙو قدر استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، پر اهڙي ڊفالٽ قدر فراهم ڪرڻ جو مطلب اهو نه آهي ته ڊيٽا مڪمل ٿي وئي آهي۔ * '''يڪسانيت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ مختلف نظامن ۾ هڪجهڙو هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[يڪسانيت]].)'' اڻ يڪسانيت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي جڏهن ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ ٻه ڊيٽا شيون هڪ ٻئي جي تضاد ۾ هجن: مثال طور، ڪنهن گراهڪ جو ٻه مختلف نظامن ۾ ٻه مختلف موجوده پتا درج هجن، جڏهن⁠تہ انهن مان صرف هڪ صحيح ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ اهڙي اڻ يڪسانيت کي درست ڪرڻ هميشه ممڪن ناهي: ان لاءِ مختلف حڪمت عملين جي ضرورت پوي ٿي ــ مثال طور، اهو طئي ڪرڻ ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا وڌيڪ تازو رڪارڊ ٿي، ڪهڙو ذريعو وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد آهي، يا سڌو سنئون ٻنهي قدرن جي جاچ ڪري سچ معلوم ڪرڻ۔ * '''يڪروپائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڊيٽا ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ سڀني نظامن ۾ ماپ جي ساڳين اکائين ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ماپ جو ايڪو]].)'' اهڙين ڊيٽا سيٽن ۾ جيڪي مختلف علائقن مان گڏ ڪيون ويون هجن، وزن پائونڊن يا ڪلوگرام ۾ رڪارڊ ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو ۽ انهن کي ڪنهن رياضيائي تبديلي ذريعي هڪ ئي ماپ ۾ بدلائڻ ضروري هوندو آهي۔ اصطلاح '''سالمتي''' درستگي، يڪسانيت ۽ پيمائشي تصديق (validity) جي ڪجهه پهلوئن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ڊيٽا جي سالميت]])'' پر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي تناظر ۾ اهو اصطلاح اڪثر پاڻمرادو استعمال نٿو ٿئي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو ڪافي مخصوص ناهي۔ (مثال طور، "[[حوالائي سالميت]]" هڪ اهڙو اصطلاح آهي جيڪو مٿي بيان ڪيل ٻاھرين-ڪي پابندين جي نفاذ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔) == عمل == * '''ڊيٽا آڊٽنگ''': [[شماريات|شمارياتي]] ۽ ڊيٽابيس طريقن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن بيقاعدگيون ۽ تضاد ڳوليا وڃن: اهڙي آڊٽ مان بيقاعدگين جي خاصيتن ۽ انهن جي هنڌن جو پتو پوي ٿو۔ ڪيترائي تجارتي سافٽويئر پيڪيج اوهان کي مختلف قسمن جون پابنديون طئي ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا (هڪ اهڙي گرامر سان جيڪا ڪنهن معياري پروگرامنگ ٻولي، جهڙوڪ [[جاواسڪرپٽ]] يا [[نظري بيسڪ]]، جي گرامر سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿي) ۽ پوءِ اهڙو ڪوڊ پيدا ڪن ٿا جيڪو انهن پابندين جي ڀڃڪڙيءَ لاءِ ڊيٽا جي جاچ ڪري ٿو۔ هن عمل کي هيٺ "ورڪ فلو اسپيسيفڪيشن" ۽ "ورڪ فلو اگزيڪيوشن" وارن نڪتن ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو آهي۔ جن استعمال ڪندڙن وٽ اعليٰ درجي جي صفائي واري سافٽويئر تائين رسائي نه هجي، اهي مائڪرو ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽابيس پيڪيجز جهڙوڪ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايڪسس]] يا [[فائل ميڪر پرو]] استعمال ڪري به اهڙيون جاچون ڪري سگهن ٿا، گهڻو ڪري ٿوري يا بغير پروگرامنگ جي، هڪ-هڪ پابنديءَ جي بنياد تي، باھمي رابطي واري نموني۔ * '''ورڪ فلو وضاحت''': بيقاعدگين کي ڳولڻ ۽ هٽائڻ، ڊيٽا تي لاڳو ٿيندڙ عملن جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي ڪيو ويندو آهي، جنهن کي ورڪ فلو چيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو ڊيٽا جي آڊٽ کان پوءِ مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ انتهائي اهم هوندو آهي۔ مناسب ورڪ فلو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڊيٽا ۾ موجود بيقاعدگين ۽ غلطين جي سببن جو ويجهڙائيءَ سان جائزو وٺڻ ضروري آهي۔ * '''ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ''': هن مرحلي ۾، ورڪ فلو جي وضاحت مڪمل ٿيڻ ۽ ان جي درستگي جي تصديق ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ان کي عمل ۾ آندو ويندو آهي۔ ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ ڪارائتو هجڻ گهرجي، ڀلي وڏي ڊيٽا سيٽ تي ئي ڇو نه هجي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا عمل حسابي طور ڳرا ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ * '''پوسٽ-پروسيسنگ ۽ ڪنٽرول''': صفائي واري ورڪ فلو هلائڻ کان پوءِ نتيجن جو جائزو ورتو ويندو آهي ته جيئن درستگي پڪ ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪا ڊيٽا ورڪ فلو دوران صحيح نه ٿي سگهي، ان کي جيڪڏهن ممڪن هجي ته هٿ سان درست ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ نتيجي طور ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو هڪ نئون چڪر شروع ٿيندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ڊيٽا جو ٻيهر آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن وڌيڪ خودڪار صفائي لاءِ نئون ورڪ فلو مقرر ڪري سگهجي۔ سٺي معيار واري بنيادي ڊيٽا جو تعلق "ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ثقافت" سان آهي، ۽ ان جي شروعات تنظيم جي مٿئين سطح کان ٿيڻ گهرجي۔ اهو فقط داخلا واري اسڪرينن تي مضبوط پيمائشي تصديق واري آزمائش لاڳو ڪرڻ جو معاملو ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ڪيترا به سخت ڇو نه هجن، استعمال ڪندڙ گهڻو ڪري انهن کي چڪما ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ انهن تنظيمن لاءِ جيڪي ڊيٽا جو معيار بهتر بڻائڻ چاهين ٿيون، نون مرحلن واري هڪ رهنمائي موجود آهي:<ref>Kimball, R., Ross, M., Thornthwaite, W., Mundy, J., Becker, B. ''The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit'', Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-14977-5}}</ref><ref>Olson, J. E. ''Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension", [[Morgan Kaufmann]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-55860-891-5}}''</ref> * [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت]] واري ثقافت لاءِ اعليٰ سطحي وابستگيءَ جو اعلان ڪريو * انتظامي سطح تي عملن جي نئين جوڙجڪ کي اڳتي وڌايو * ڊيٽا داخلا واري ماحول کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ايپليڪيشنن جي انضمام کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * عملن جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي طريقي کي بدلائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ابتدا کان انتها تائين ٽيم جي آگاهي وڌايو * کاتن جي وچ ۾ سهڪار کي فروغ ڏيو * عوامي طور ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ۾ شانداريت جو جشن ملهايو * مسلسل ڊيٽا ڪيفيت کي ماپيو ۽ بهتر بڻايو ٻين مرحلن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''[[پارسننگ]]''': نحوي غلطين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ۔ هڪ پارسر فيصلو ڪندو آهي ته ڊيٽا جي ڪا اسٽرنگ جائز اسپيسيفڪيشن جي اندر قبول لائق آهي يا نه۔ هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن پارسر [[گرامر]] ۽ [[ٻولي]] سان ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ * '''ڊيٽا تبديلي''': ڊيٽا تبديلي ذريعي ڊيٽا کي ان جي موجوده فارميٽ مان ان فارميٽ ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪو لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشن لاءِ گهربل هوندو آهي۔ هن ۾ قدرن جي تبديلي، ترجمي وارا فنڪشن، ۽ عددي قدرن کي گھٽ ۾ گھٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ حدن سان هم آهنگ ڪرڻ شامل آهي۔ * '''نقل ختم ڪرڻ''': ٻٽي داخلا جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ اهڙي [[الگورٿم]] جي ضرورت پوندي آهي جيڪو اهو طئي ڪري ته ڇا ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ ئي وجود جون نقل صورتون موجود آهن۔ عام طور تي ڊيٽا کي هڪ اهڙي ڪي (key) تي ترتيب ڏنو ويندو آهي، جيڪا ٻٽي داخلائن کي جلدي سڃاڻپ لاءِ ويجهو آڻي ڇڏي۔ * '''شمارياتي طريقا''': [[مين (شماريات|مين)]] (mean)، [[اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن (شماريات)|اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن]]، [[رينج (شماريات)|رينج]]، يا [[ڪلسٽر تجزيو|ڪلسٽرنگ]] الگورٿمن جي قدرن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو تجزيو ڪري، ماهر اهڙيون قدرون ڳولي سگهي ٿو جيڪي غير متوقع ۽ تنهن ڪري غلط لڳن۔ جيتوڻيڪ اهڙي ڊيٽا جي درستگي ڏکيو هوندي آهي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ حقيقي قدر معلوم نه هوندي، پر ان کي اوسط يا ٻين شمارياتي قدرن تي مقرر ڪري حل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ شمارياتي طريقا غائب ملھن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، جن کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قابل قبول ملھن سان بدلائي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪي عام طور وسيع [[ڊيٽا جو واڌارو|ڊيٽا جي واڌاري واري]] الگورٿمن ذريعي حاصل ٿينديون آهن۔ == نظام == هن نظام جو بنيادي ڪم اهو آهي ته [[خراب ڊيٽا]] کي درست ڪرڻ ۽ ساڳي وقت ڊيٽا کي ايترو ممڪن حد تائين اصل ماخذ پيداڪندڙ نظام جي ويجهو رکڻ جي وچ ۾ توازن قائم ڪيو وڃي۔ اهو اخراج ، لوڊنگ ۽ تبديلي واري معمار لاءِ هڪ چئلينج آهي۔ نظام کي اهڙي جوڙجڪ مهيا ڪرڻ گهرجي، جيڪا ڊيٽا صاف ڪري سگهي، خاصيتي واقعن کي رڪارڊ ڪري سگهي، ۽ [[ڊيٽا گودام]] ۾ ڊيٽا جي معيار کي ماپي ۽ سنڀالي سگهي۔ هڪ سٺو آغاز اها آهي ته تفصيلي [[ڊيٽا پروفائلنگ]] تجزيو ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جي گهربل پيچيدگي طئي ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪندو ۽ ماخذي نظام يا نظامن ۾ موجوده ڊيٽا معيار بابت پڻ خيال ڏيندو۔ == معيار جون اسڪرينون == ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جو هڪ حصو تشخيصي فلٽرن جو مجموعو هوندو آهي، جن کي خاصيت وارا اسڪرين چيو ويندو آهي۔ انهن مان هر هڪ ڊيٽا جي وهڪري ۾ هڪ ٽيسٽ لاڳو ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿيڻ تي غلطي وارن واقعن جي خاڪي ۾ هڪ غلطي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي۔ خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن کي ٽن قسمن ۾ ورهايو ويندو آهي: * ڪالم اسڪرين. انفرادي ڪالم جي جاچ، مثال طور اهڙين غير متوقع قدرن لاءِ جهڙوڪ [[null character|NULL]] values؛ اهڙيون غير عددي قدرون جيڪي عددي هجڻ گهرجن؛ حد کان ٻاهر واريون قدرون وغيره۔ * Structure screens. اهي ساڳئي يا مختلف ٽيبلن ۾ ڪالمن جي وچ ۾ مختلف لاڳاپن (عام طور foreign/primary keys) جي سالمتي جاچڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿينديون آهن۔ اهي انهيءَ لاءِ به استعمال ٿينديون آهن ته ڏٺو وڃي ته ڪنهن ڪالمن جو گروهه ڪنهن ساختي تعريف مطابق جائز آهي يا نه۔ * Business rule screens. ٽنهي قسمن مان سڀ کان وڌيڪ پيچيده ٽيسٽون۔ اهي ڏسن ٿيون ته ڇا ڊيٽا، شايد ڪيترن ئي ٽيبلن ۾، مخصوص ڪاروباري ضابطن تي پوري لهندي آهي يا نه۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن ڪنهن گراهڪ کي ڪنهن خاص قسم جو گراهڪ نشان لڳايو ويو آهي، ته پوءِ ان قسم جي گراهڪ بابت مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطا به پوري ٿيڻ گهرجن۔ جڏهن quality screen ڪنهن غلطي کي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي، تڏهن اهو يا ته dataflow process کي روڪي سگهي ٿو، يا خراب ڊيٽا کي target system کان سواءِ ٻي هنڌ موڪلي سگهي ٿو، يا ڊيٽا کي tag ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ آخري اختيار کي بهترين حل سمجھيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ پهرئين صورت ۾ هر ڀيري مسئلو ٿيڻ تي ڪنهن کي هٿ سان ان کي سنڀالڻو پوندو آهي، ۽ ٻي صورت ۾ target system مان ڊيٽا غائب رهندي ([[integrity]]) ۽ گهڻو ڪري اهو واضح نه هوندو ته اهڙي ڊيٽا سان آخر ڇا ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ == موجوده اوزارن ۽ عملن تي تنقيد == اڪثر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارن اوزارن ۾ استعمال جي سهولت بابت پابنديون موجود هونديون آهن: * '''منصوبي جو خرچ''': اڪثر ڪري سوين هزارين ڊالرن تائين * '''وقت''': وڏي پيماني واري ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري سافٽويئر ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪرڻ وقت وٺندڙ آهي * '''سيڪيورٽي''': آڏي-پيمائشي تصديق cross-validation لاءِ معلومات ورهائڻ ضروري هوندي آهي، جنهن سان مختلف نظامن، بشمول حساس ورثي جا نظام، تائين ايپليڪيشن تائين رسد مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي آهي == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو، خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن طرفان پيدا ڪيل سڀني غلطي وارن واقعن جا ريڪارڊ محفوظ ڪندو آهي۔ اهو هڪ غلطي وارو واقعو [[حقيقت واري جدول]] تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽن ڊائمينش جدولن ڏانهن [[ٻاھرين ڪي|ٻاھريون چاٻيون (keys)]] هونديون آهن، جيڪي تاريخ (ڪڏهن)، [[بيچ جاب]] (ڪٿي)، ۽ اسڪرين (ڪنهن غلطي پيدا ڪئي) کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون۔ ان ۾ اها معلومات به هوندي آهي ته غلطي صحيح ڪهڙي وقت پيدا ٿي ۽ ان جي سنگيني ڪيتري هئي۔ ان کان علاوه هڪ غلطي واري واقعي جي تفصيلي حقيقت واري جدول به هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مکيه جدول table ڏانهن ٻاھرين چاٻي foreign key هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ اها تفصيلي ڄاڻ هوندي آهي ته غلطي ڪهڙي ٽيبل، ريڪارڊ، ۽ فيلڊ ۾ ٿي ۽ غلطي واري حالت ڇا هئي۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[ڊيٽا ايڊيٽنگ]] * [[ڊيٽا انتظام]] * [[ڊيٽا مائننگ]] * [[ڊيٽابيس جي مرمت]] * [[Iterative proportional fitting]] * [[ريڪارڊ ڳانڍاپو]] * [[هڪڙو گراهڪ ڏيک]] * [[ٽرائئنگوليشن (سماجي سائنس)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} == وڌيڪ پڙهو == * {{cite book |last=McKinney |first=Wes |title=Python for Data Analysis |edition=2nd |location=|publisher=O'Reilly |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4919-5766-0 |chapter=Data Cleaning and Preparation |pages=195–224}} * {{cite book |last1=van der Loo |first1=Mark |first2=Edwin |last2=de Jonge |title=Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-118-89715-7}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chicco D, Oneto L, Tavazzi E |title=Eleven quick tips for data cleaning and feature engineering |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=18 |issue=12 |article-number=e1010718 |date=December 2022 |pmid=36520712 |pmc=9754225 |s2cid= 254733288 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010718 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLSCB..18E0718C }} * {{citation |author=Chu, X. |author2=Ilyas, I. F. |author3=Krishnan, S. |author4=Wang, J. |title=Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data |year=2016 |chapter=Data Cleaning |pages=2201–2206 |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/2882903.2912574|isbn=978-1-4503-3531-7 }} * {{citation |author=Côté, P.-O. |author2=Nikanjam, A. |author3=Ahmed, N. |author4=Humeniuk, D. |author5=Khomh, F. |year=2024 |title=Data cleaning and machine learning: a systematic literature review |journal=Automated Software Engineering |volume=31 |issue=2 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |doi=10.1007/s10515-024-00453-w|arxiv=2310.01765 }} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313055016/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/78230/Data_Scrubbing ''Computerworld: Data Scrubbing''] (February 10, 2003) {{Data}} [[Category:Data quality]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] kfl7swwt79q1cstppgcv7c49ypd2zca 375372 375370 2026-05-02T13:07:38Z Ibne maryam 17680 375372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|غلط ڪمپيوٽر ريڪارڊن جي درستگي}} {{Distinguish|ڊيٽا اسڪربنگ|ردعمل}} '''ڊيٽا جي صفائي''' يا ''' Data Cleansing''' يا '''Data cleaning''' اهو عمل آهي جنهن ۾ ڪنهن ڊيٽا سيٽ، [[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدول]]، يا [[ڊيٽابيس]] مان خراب، غلط، يا غير لاڳاپيل [[ذخيري جو ريڪارڊ|ريڪارڊن]] جي سڃاڻپ ۽ درستگي (يا هٽائڻ) ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ هن ۾ ڊيٽا جي اڻپوري، غلط، يا غير درست حصن کي ڳولڻ ۽ پوءِ متاثر ٿيل ڊيٽا کي بدلائڻ، ترميم ڪرڻ، يا ختم ڪرڻ شامل هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation |last1=Wu |first1=S. |title=A review on coarse warranty data and analysis |journal=Reliability Engineering and System |year=2013 |volume=114 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2012.12.021 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/32972/1/LatestVersionV01.pdf}}</ref> ڊيٽا جي صفائي [[تفائليت| باھمي رابطي واري]] طريقي سان [[ڊيٽا ورينگلنگ]] اوزارن جي ذريعي به ٿي سگهي ٿو، يا [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] وسيلي، گهڻو ڪري اسڪرپٽن يا [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت فائر وال]] جي مدد سان۔ صاف ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، هڪ [[ڊيٽا سيٽ]] کي نظام ۾ موجود ٻين ساڳين ڊيٽا سيٽن سان هم آهنگ هجڻ گهرجي۔ جيڪي اڻبرابريون ڳوليون يا ختم ڪيون وڃن ٿيون، اهي اصل ۾ شايد استعمال ڪندڙ جي داخلا وارين غلطين، ترسيل يا ذخيري ۾ خرابي، يا مختلف ذخيرن ۾ هڪجهڙن وجودن لاءِ مختلف [[ڊيٽا لغت]] جي وصفن جي ڪري پيدا ٿيون هجن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ، [[ڊيٽا جي توثيق]] کان مختلف آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ توثيق ۾ تقريباً هميشه ڊيٽا کي داخلا وقت ئي نظام مان رد ڪيو ويندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ بعد ۾ گڏيل ڊيٽا جي بيچن تي ٿيندي آهي۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو اصل عمل [[ٽائپوگرافي غلطي]]ون ختم ڪرڻ يا ڄاتل وجودن جي فهرست جي مقابلي ۾ قدرن جي توثيق ۽ درستگي به شامل ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اها توثيق سخت به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙو هر پتو رد ڪرڻ جنهن ۾ صحيح [[پوستي ڪوڊ]] نه هجي)، يا [[فزي منطق|فزي]] يا [[تقريبي اسٽرنگ ميچنگ]] تي ٻڌل به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙن ريڪارڊن کي درست ڪرڻ جيڪي جزوي طور موجود ڄاتل ريڪارڊن سان ملن ٿا)۔ ڪجهه ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا حل، تصديق ٿيل ڊيٽا سيٽ سان ڀيٽ ڪري ڊيٽا صاف ڪندا آهن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي هڪ عام روايت ڊيٽا کي وڌيڪ مڪمل بڻائڻ آهي، جنهن ۾ لاڳاپيل معلومات شامل ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن پتي سان لاڳاپيل فون نمبر شامل ڪرڻ۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ ۾ [[مخروطي شڪل#ڳڻپ|هم آهنگي]] (يا معياري بڻائڻ) به شامل ٿي سگهي ٿي، جنهن مان مراد اهڙي ڊيٽا کي گڏ آڻڻ آهي، جيڪا "مختلف فائل فارميٽن، نالي رکڻ جي روايتن، ۽ ڪالمن" ۾ هجي،<ref>{{cite web |title=Data 101: What is Data Harmonization? |language=en |date=14 April 2017 |website=Datorama |url=https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024062426/https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ۽ ان کي هڪ گڏيل ۽ مربوط ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ بدلائڻ؛ ان جو هڪ سادو مثال مخففن کي وڌائڻ آهي ("st, rd, etc." کي "گھٽي, روڊ, وغيره" ۾ بدلائڻ). == محرڪ == انتظامي طور غلط يا اڻ يڪسان ڊيٽا، عوامي ۽ نجي ٻنهي سطحن تي غلط نتيجن ۽ گمراهه ڪندڙ [[ميڪرو اڪنامڪس|ميڪرو اقتصاديات]] ڏانهن وٺي وڃي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، [[حڪومت]] [[آدمشماري|آباديءَ جي ڳڻپ]] جي انگن جو تجزيو ڪرڻ چاهي ٿي ته جيئن اهو فيصلو ڪري سگهي ته ڪهڙن علائقن ۾ [[انفراسٽرڪچر|ڍانچو]] ۽ [[خدمتون|خدمتن]] تي وڌيڪ خرچ ۽ سيڙپڪاري جي ضرورت آهي. اهڙي صورت ۾، صحيح مالي فيصلا ڪرڻ لاءِ قابلِ اعتماد ڊيٽا تائين رسائي تمام اهم هوندي. ڪاروباري دنيا ۾ به غلط ڊيٽا تمام مهانگي پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيتريون ڪمپنيون گراهڪن بابت [[ڊيٽابيس]] استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جن ۾ رابطا، پتا ۽ ترجيحات جهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن پتا غير يڪسان هجن، ته ڪمپني کي ٻيهر ٽپال موڪلڻ جو خرچ ڀوڳڻو پوندو يا گراهڪ به وڃائي ويهندي۔ == ڊيٽا جو معيار == اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا کي ڪيفيت جي ڪجهه معيارن تي پورو لهڻو پوندو۔ انهن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''درستي/صحت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپون مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطن يا پابندين سان مطابقت رکن ٿيون۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[پيمائشي تصديق (شماريات)]].)'' جڏهن جديد ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجي ڊيٽا-گرفتاري وارا نظام ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، ته درستي کي يقيني بڻائڻ نسبتاً آسان هوندو آهي: غلط ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري پراڻن نظامن ۾ پيدا ٿيندي آهي (جتي پابنديون سافٽويئر ۾ لاڳو نه ڪيون ويون هجن) يا جتي غير مناسب ڊيٽا-گرفتاري ٽيڪنالاجي استعمال ڪئي وئي هجي (مثال طور اسپريڊشيٽون، جتي جيڪڏهن سيل جي توثيق استعمال نه ڪئي وڃي ته ڪنهن سيل ۾ صارف ڇا داخل ڪري ٿو، ان کي محدود ڪرڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي)۔ ڊيٽا جون پابنديون هيٺين قسمن ۾ اچن ٿيون: ** ''ڊيٽا-قسم جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن خاص ڪالم ۾ قدرون ڪنهن خاص ڊيٽا قسم جون هجڻ گهرجن، جهڙوڪ بوليئن، عددي (integer يا real)، يا تاريخ۔ ** ''حد جون پابنديون:'' عام طور انگ يا تاريخون ڪنهن خاص حد اندر هجڻ گهرجن۔ يعني انهن لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ جائز قدرون هونديون آهن۔ ** ''لازمي پابنديون:'' ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ ** ''انفراديت جون پابنديون:'' هڪ فيلڊ يا فيلڊن جو ميلاپ، سڄي ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ يڪتا هجڻ گهرجي۔ مثال طور، ٻه ماڻهن جو ساڳيو سوشل سيڪيورٽي نمبر نه ٿي سگهي۔ ** ''سيٽ-رڪنيت جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن ڪالم جون قدرون محدود جدا جدا قدرن يا ڪوڊن جي فهرست مان هجڻ گهرجن۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن شخص جي جنس مونث، مذڪر، يا غير-بائنري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ** ''خارجي-ڪنجي جون پابنديون:'' هي سيٽ-رڪنيت جو وڌيڪ عام مثال آهي۔ ڪنهن ڪالم جي قدرن جو سيٽ، ٻي ٽيبل جي اهڙي ڪالم ۾ بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي جنهن ۾ يڪتا قدرون هجن۔ مثال طور، آمريڪي ٽيڪس ڏيندڙن جي ڊيٽابيس ۾ "رياست" وارو ڪالم، آمريڪا جي مقرر ڪيل رياستن يا علائقن مان هڪ هجڻ ضروري آهي: اهي جائز رياستون ۽ علائقا هڪ الڳ ٽيبل ۾ محفوظ هوندا آهن۔ اصطلاح [[ٻاھرين-ڪي]] تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس جي اصطلاحن مان ورتل آهي۔ ** ''باقاعده اظهار جا نمونا:'' ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متني فيلڊن کي هن طريقي سان توثيق ڪرڻي پوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، اتر آمريڪا جي فون نمبرن لاءِ شايد 999-999–9999 وارو نمونو ضروري هجي۔ ** ''ڪراس-فيلڊ توثيق:'' ڪجهه شرطون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي فيلڊن کي گڏ استعمال ڪن، انهن جو صحيح هجڻ ضروري آهي۔ مثال طور، ليبارٽري ميڊيسن ۾ رت جي اڇن گھرڙن جي تفصيلي ڳڻپ جي جزن جو مجموعو 100 هجڻ گهرجي (ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي سڀ سيڪڙيون آهن)۔ اسپتال جي ڊيٽابيس ۾، مريض جي ڊسچارج جي تاريخ داخلا جي تاريخ کان اڳ واري نه ٿي سگهي۔ * '''سڌائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڪا ماپ ڪنهن معيار يا حقيقي قدر سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[درستگي ۽ نفاست]].)'' عام حالت ۾ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وسيلي سڌائي حاصل ڪرڻ ڏکيو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ان لاءِ ڪنهن اهڙي ٻاهرين ذريعي تائين رسائي گهربل آهي جنهن ۾ حقيقي قدر موجود هجي: اهڙي "سون جي معيار" واري ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري دستياب نه هوندي آهي۔ ڪجهه صاف ڪرڻ وارين حالتن ۾، خاص ڪري گراهڪن جي رابطي واري ڊيٽا ۾، ٻاهرين ڊيٽابيس استعمال ڪري سڌائي حاصل ڪئي وئي آهي، جيڪي زپ ڪوڊن کي جاگرافيائي هنڌن (شهر ۽ رياست) سان ملائينديون آهن ۽ اهو به تصديق ڪنديون آهن ته انهن زپ ڪوڊن اندر ڏنل گهٽي جا پتا واقعي موجود آهن۔ * '''تڪميل''': اها حد جنهن تائين سڀ گهربل ماپون معلوم هجن۔ اڻپوري ڊيٽا کي صاف ڪرڻ واري طريقي سان مڪمل ڪرڻ تقريباً ناممڪن آهي: جيڪو واقعو اصل ۾ رڪارڊ ئي نه ٿيو هجي، ان کي بعد ۾ اندازي سان ثابت نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ (ڪجهه حالتن ۾، مثلاً انٽرويو ڊيٽا ۾، ممڪن آهي ته اصل ذريعي ڏانهن موٽي اڻپوري ڳالهين کي درست ڪيو وڃي، پر پوءِ به يادگيري جي مسئلن سبب ڪاميابي جي ضمانت نه هوندي.) انهن نظامن ۾، جتي ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن، ماڻهو "نامعلوم" يا "گم ٿيل" جهڙو قدر استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، پر اهڙي ڊفالٽ قدر فراهم ڪرڻ جو مطلب اهو نه آهي ته ڊيٽا مڪمل ٿي وئي آهي۔ * '''يڪسانيت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ مختلف نظامن ۾ هڪجهڙو هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[يڪسانيت]].)'' اڻ يڪسانيت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي جڏهن ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ ٻه ڊيٽا شيون هڪ ٻئي جي تضاد ۾ هجن: مثال طور، ڪنهن گراهڪ جو ٻه مختلف نظامن ۾ ٻه مختلف موجوده پتا درج هجن، جڏهن⁠تہ انهن مان صرف هڪ صحيح ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ اهڙي اڻ يڪسانيت کي درست ڪرڻ هميشه ممڪن ناهي: ان لاءِ مختلف حڪمت عملين جي ضرورت پوي ٿي ــ مثال طور، اهو طئي ڪرڻ ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا وڌيڪ تازو رڪارڊ ٿي، ڪهڙو ذريعو وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد آهي، يا سڌو سنئون ٻنهي قدرن جي جاچ ڪري سچ معلوم ڪرڻ۔ * '''يڪروپائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڊيٽا ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ سڀني نظامن ۾ ماپ جي ساڳين اکائين ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ماپ جو ايڪو]].)'' اهڙين ڊيٽا سيٽن ۾ جيڪي مختلف علائقن مان گڏ ڪيون ويون هجن، وزن پائونڊن يا ڪلوگرام ۾ رڪارڊ ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو ۽ انهن کي ڪنهن رياضيائي تبديلي ذريعي هڪ ئي ماپ ۾ بدلائڻ ضروري هوندو آهي۔ اصطلاح '''سالمتي''' درستگي، يڪسانيت ۽ پيمائشي تصديق (validity) جي ڪجهه پهلوئن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ڊيٽا جي سالميت]])'' پر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي تناظر ۾ اهو اصطلاح اڪثر پاڻمرادو استعمال نٿو ٿئي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو ڪافي مخصوص ناهي۔ (مثال طور، "[[حوالائي سالميت]]" هڪ اهڙو اصطلاح آهي جيڪو مٿي بيان ڪيل ٻاھرين-ڪي پابندين جي نفاذ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔) == عمل == * '''ڊيٽا آڊٽنگ''': [[شماريات|شمارياتي]] ۽ ڊيٽابيس طريقن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن بيقاعدگيون ۽ تضاد ڳوليا وڃن: اهڙي آڊٽ مان بيقاعدگين جي خاصيتن ۽ انهن جي هنڌن جو پتو پوي ٿو۔ ڪيترائي تجارتي سافٽويئر پيڪيج اوهان کي مختلف قسمن جون پابنديون طئي ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا (هڪ اهڙي گرامر سان جيڪا ڪنهن معياري پروگرامنگ ٻولي، جهڙوڪ [[جاواسڪرپٽ]] يا [[نظري بيسڪ]]، جي گرامر سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿي) ۽ پوءِ اهڙو ڪوڊ پيدا ڪن ٿا جيڪو انهن پابندين جي ڀڃڪڙيءَ لاءِ ڊيٽا جي جاچ ڪري ٿو۔ هن عمل کي هيٺ "ورڪ فلو اسپيسيفڪيشن" ۽ "ورڪ فلو اگزيڪيوشن" وارن نڪتن ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو آهي۔ جن استعمال ڪندڙن وٽ اعليٰ درجي جي صفائي واري سافٽويئر تائين رسائي نه هجي، اهي مائڪرو ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽابيس پيڪيجز جهڙوڪ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايڪسس]] يا [[فائل ميڪر پرو]] استعمال ڪري به اهڙيون جاچون ڪري سگهن ٿا، گهڻو ڪري ٿوري يا بغير پروگرامنگ جي، هڪ-هڪ پابنديءَ جي بنياد تي، باھمي رابطي واري نموني۔ * '''ورڪ فلو وضاحت''': بيقاعدگين کي ڳولڻ ۽ هٽائڻ، ڊيٽا تي لاڳو ٿيندڙ عملن جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي ڪيو ويندو آهي، جنهن کي ورڪ فلو چيو ويندو آهي۔ اهو ڊيٽا جي آڊٽ کان پوءِ مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ انتهائي اهم هوندو آهي۔ مناسب ورڪ فلو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڊيٽا ۾ موجود بيقاعدگين ۽ غلطين جي سببن جو ويجهڙائيءَ سان جائزو وٺڻ ضروري آهي۔ * '''ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ''': هن مرحلي ۾، ورڪ فلو جي وضاحت مڪمل ٿيڻ ۽ ان جي درستگي جي تصديق ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ان کي عمل ۾ آندو ويندو آهي۔ ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ ڪارائتو هجڻ گهرجي، ڀلي وڏي ڊيٽا سيٽ تي ئي ڇو نه هجي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا عمل حسابي طور ڳرا ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ * '''پوسٽ-پروسيسنگ ۽ ڪنٽرول''': صفائي واري ورڪ فلو هلائڻ کان پوءِ نتيجن جو جائزو ورتو ويندو آهي ته جيئن درستگي پڪ ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪا ڊيٽا ورڪ فلو دوران صحيح نه ٿي سگهي، ان کي جيڪڏهن ممڪن هجي ته هٿ سان درست ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ نتيجي طور ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو هڪ نئون چڪر شروع ٿيندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ڊيٽا جو ٻيهر آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن وڌيڪ خودڪار صفائي لاءِ نئون ورڪ فلو مقرر ڪري سگهجي۔ سٺي معيار واري بنيادي ڊيٽا جو تعلق "ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ثقافت" سان آهي، ۽ ان جي شروعات تنظيم جي مٿئين سطح کان ٿيڻ گهرجي۔ اهو فقط داخلا واري اسڪرينن تي مضبوط پيمائشي تصديق واري آزمائش لاڳو ڪرڻ جو معاملو ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي ڪيترا به سخت ڇو نه هجن، استعمال ڪندڙ گهڻو ڪري انهن کي چڪما ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ انهن تنظيمن لاءِ جيڪي ڊيٽا جو معيار بهتر بڻائڻ چاهين ٿيون، نون مرحلن واري هڪ رهنمائي موجود آهي:<ref>Kimball, R., Ross, M., Thornthwaite, W., Mundy, J., Becker, B. ''The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit'', Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-14977-5}}</ref><ref>Olson, J. E. ''Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension", [[Morgan Kaufmann]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-55860-891-5}}''</ref> * [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت]] واري ثقافت لاءِ اعليٰ سطحي وابستگيءَ جو اعلان ڪريو * انتظامي سطح تي عملن جي نئين جوڙجڪ کي اڳتي وڌايو * ڊيٽا داخلا واري ماحول کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ايپليڪيشنن جي انضمام کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * عملن جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي طريقي کي بدلائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ابتدا کان انتها تائين ٽيم جي آگاهي وڌايو * کاتن جي وچ ۾ سهڪار کي فروغ ڏيو * عوامي طور ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ۾ شانداريت جو جشن ملهايو * مسلسل ڊيٽا ڪيفيت کي ماپيو ۽ بهتر بڻايو ٻين مرحلن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''[[پارسننگ]]''': نحوي غلطين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ۔ هڪ پارسر فيصلو ڪندو آهي ته ڊيٽا جي ڪا اسٽرنگ جائز اسپيسيفڪيشن جي اندر قبول لائق آهي يا نه۔ هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن پارسر [[گرامر]] ۽ [[ٻولي]] سان ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ * '''ڊيٽا تبديلي''': ڊيٽا تبديلي ذريعي ڊيٽا کي ان جي موجوده فارميٽ مان ان فارميٽ ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪو لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشن لاءِ گهربل هوندو آهي۔ هن ۾ قدرن جي تبديلي، ترجمي وارا فنڪشن، ۽ عددي قدرن کي گھٽ ۾ گھٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ حدن سان هم آهنگ ڪرڻ شامل آهي۔ * '''نقل ختم ڪرڻ''': ٻٽي داخلا جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ اهڙي [[الگورٿم]] جي ضرورت پوندي آهي جيڪو اهو طئي ڪري ته ڇا ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ ئي وجود جون نقل صورتون موجود آهن۔ عام طور تي ڊيٽا کي هڪ اهڙي ڪي (key) تي ترتيب ڏنو ويندو آهي، جيڪا ٻٽي داخلائن کي جلدي سڃاڻپ لاءِ ويجهو آڻي ڇڏي۔ * '''شمارياتي طريقا''': [[مين (شماريات|مين)]] (mean)، [[اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن (شماريات)|اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن]]، [[رينج (شماريات)|رينج]]، يا [[ڪلسٽر تجزيو|ڪلسٽرنگ]] الگورٿمن جي قدرن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو تجزيو ڪري، ماهر اهڙيون قدرون ڳولي سگهي ٿو جيڪي غير متوقع ۽ تنهن ڪري غلط لڳن۔ جيتوڻيڪ اهڙي ڊيٽا جي درستگي ڏکيو هوندي آهي ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ حقيقي قدر معلوم نه هوندي، پر ان کي اوسط يا ٻين شمارياتي قدرن تي مقرر ڪري حل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ شمارياتي طريقا غائب ملھن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، جن کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قابل قبول ملھن سان بدلائي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪي عام طور وسيع [[ڊيٽا جو واڌارو|ڊيٽا جي واڌاري واري]] الگورٿمن ذريعي حاصل ٿينديون آهن۔ == نظام == هن نظام جو بنيادي ڪم اهو آهي ته [[خراب ڊيٽا]] کي درست ڪرڻ ۽ ساڳي وقت ڊيٽا کي ايترو ممڪن حد تائين اصل ماخذ پيداڪندڙ نظام جي ويجهو رکڻ جي وچ ۾ توازن قائم ڪيو وڃي۔ اهو اخراج ، لوڊنگ ۽ تبديلي واري معمار لاءِ هڪ چئلينج آهي۔ نظام کي اهڙي جوڙجڪ مهيا ڪرڻ گهرجي، جيڪا ڊيٽا صاف ڪري سگهي، خاصيتي واقعن کي رڪارڊ ڪري سگهي، ۽ [[ڊيٽا گودام]] ۾ ڊيٽا جي معيار کي ماپي ۽ سنڀالي سگهي۔ هڪ سٺو آغاز اها آهي ته تفصيلي [[ڊيٽا پروفائلنگ]] تجزيو ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جي گهربل پيچيدگي طئي ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪندو ۽ ماخذي نظام يا نظامن ۾ موجوده ڊيٽا معيار بابت پڻ خيال ڏيندو۔ == معيار جون اسڪرينون == ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جو هڪ حصو تشخيصي فلٽرن جو مجموعو هوندو آهي، جن کي خاصيت وارا اسڪرين چيو ويندو آهي۔ انهن مان هر هڪ ڊيٽا جي وهڪري ۾ هڪ ٽيسٽ لاڳو ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿيڻ تي غلطي وارن واقعن جي خاڪي ۾ هڪ غلطي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي۔ خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن کي ٽن قسمن ۾ ورهايو ويندو آهي: * ڪالم اسڪرين. انفرادي ڪالم جي جاچ، مثال طور اهڙين غير متوقع قدرن لاءِ جهڙوڪ [[null character|NULL]] values؛ اهڙيون غير عددي قدرون جيڪي عددي هجڻ گهرجن؛ حد کان ٻاهر واريون قدرون وغيره۔ * Structure screens. اهي ساڳئي يا مختلف ٽيبلن ۾ ڪالمن جي وچ ۾ مختلف لاڳاپن (عام طور foreign/primary keys) جي سالمتي جاچڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿينديون آهن۔ اهي انهيءَ لاءِ به استعمال ٿينديون آهن ته ڏٺو وڃي ته ڪنهن ڪالمن جو گروهه ڪنهن ساختي تعريف مطابق جائز آهي يا نه۔ * Business rule screens. ٽنهي قسمن مان سڀ کان وڌيڪ پيچيده ٽيسٽون۔ اهي ڏسن ٿيون ته ڇا ڊيٽا، شايد ڪيترن ئي ٽيبلن ۾، مخصوص ڪاروباري ضابطن تي پوري لهندي آهي يا نه۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن ڪنهن گراهڪ کي ڪنهن خاص قسم جو گراهڪ نشان لڳايو ويو آهي، ته پوءِ ان قسم جي گراهڪ بابت مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطا به پوري ٿيڻ گهرجن۔ جڏهن quality screen ڪنهن غلطي کي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي، تڏهن اهو يا ته dataflow process کي روڪي سگهي ٿو، يا خراب ڊيٽا کي target system کان سواءِ ٻي هنڌ موڪلي سگهي ٿو، يا ڊيٽا کي tag ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ آخري اختيار کي بهترين حل سمجھيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ پهرئين صورت ۾ هر ڀيري مسئلو ٿيڻ تي ڪنهن کي هٿ سان ان کي سنڀالڻو پوندو آهي، ۽ ٻي صورت ۾ target system مان ڊيٽا غائب رهندي ([[integrity]]) ۽ گهڻو ڪري اهو واضح نه هوندو ته اهڙي ڊيٽا سان آخر ڇا ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ == موجوده اوزارن ۽ عملن تي تنقيد == اڪثر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارن اوزارن ۾ استعمال جي سهولت بابت پابنديون موجود هونديون آهن: * '''منصوبي جو خرچ''': اڪثر ڪري سوين هزارين ڊالرن تائين * '''وقت''': وڏي پيماني واري ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري سافٽويئر ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪرڻ وقت وٺندڙ آهي * '''سيڪيورٽي''': آڏي-پيمائشي تصديق cross-validation لاءِ معلومات ورهائڻ ضروري هوندي آهي، جنهن سان مختلف نظامن، بشمول حساس ورثي جا نظام، تائين ايپليڪيشن تائين رسد مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي آهي == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو، خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن طرفان پيدا ڪيل سڀني غلطي وارن واقعن جا ريڪارڊ محفوظ ڪندو آهي۔ اهو هڪ غلطي وارو واقعو [[حقيقت واري جدول]] تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽن ڊائمينش جدولن ڏانهن [[ٻاھرين ڪي|ٻاھريون چاٻيون (keys)]] هونديون آهن، جيڪي تاريخ (ڪڏهن)، [[بيچ جاب]] (ڪٿي)، ۽ اسڪرين (ڪنهن غلطي پيدا ڪئي) کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون۔ ان ۾ اها معلومات به هوندي آهي ته غلطي صحيح ڪهڙي وقت پيدا ٿي ۽ ان جي سنگيني ڪيتري هئي۔ ان کان علاوه هڪ غلطي واري واقعي جي تفصيلي حقيقت واري جدول به هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مکيه جدول table ڏانهن ٻاھرين چاٻي foreign key هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ اها تفصيلي ڄاڻ هوندي آهي ته غلطي ڪهڙي ٽيبل، ريڪارڊ، ۽ فيلڊ ۾ ٿي ۽ غلطي واري حالت ڇا هئي۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[ڊيٽا ايڊيٽنگ]] * [[ڊيٽا انتظام]] * [[ڊيٽا مائننگ]] * [[ڊيٽابيس جي مرمت]] * [[Iterative proportional fitting]] * [[ريڪارڊ ڳانڍاپو]] * [[هڪڙو گراهڪ ڏيک]] * [[ٽرائئنگوليشن (سماجي سائنس)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} == وڌيڪ پڙهو == * {{cite book |last=McKinney |first=Wes |title=Python for Data Analysis |edition=2nd |location=|publisher=O'Reilly |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4919-5766-0 |chapter=Data Cleaning and Preparation |pages=195–224}} * {{cite book |last1=van der Loo |first1=Mark |first2=Edwin |last2=de Jonge |title=Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-118-89715-7}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chicco D, Oneto L, Tavazzi E |title=Eleven quick tips for data cleaning and feature engineering |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=18 |issue=12 |article-number=e1010718 |date=December 2022 |pmid=36520712 |pmc=9754225 |s2cid= 254733288 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010718 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLSCB..18E0718C }} * {{citation |author=Chu, X. |author2=Ilyas, I. F. |author3=Krishnan, S. |author4=Wang, J. |title=Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data |year=2016 |chapter=Data Cleaning |pages=2201–2206 |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/2882903.2912574|isbn=978-1-4503-3531-7 }} * {{citation |author=Côté, P.-O. |author2=Nikanjam, A. |author3=Ahmed, N. |author4=Humeniuk, D. |author5=Khomh, F. |year=2024 |title=Data cleaning and machine learning: a systematic literature review |journal=Automated Software Engineering |volume=31 |issue=2 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |doi=10.1007/s10515-024-00453-w|arxiv=2310.01765 }} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313055016/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/78230/Data_Scrubbing ''Computerworld: Data Scrubbing''] (February 10, 2003) {{Data}} [[Category:Data quality]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] 8f88qbj1j53vj8yt6kfefz3fo6ltxdd 375374 375372 2026-05-02T13:18:55Z Ibne maryam 17680 375374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|غلط ڪمپيوٽر ريڪارڊن جي درستگي}} {{Distinguish|ڊيٽا اسڪربنگ|ردعمل}} '''ڊيٽا جي صفائي''' يا ''' Data Cleansing''' يا '''Data cleaning''' اهو عمل آهي جنهن ۾ ڪنهن ڊيٽا سيٽ، [[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدول]]، يا [[ڊيٽابيس]] مان خراب، غلط، يا غير لاڳاپيل [[ذخيري جو ريڪارڊ|ريڪارڊن]] جي سڃاڻپ ۽ درستگي (يا هٽائڻ) ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ هن ۾ ڊيٽا جي اڻپوري، غلط، يا غير درست حصن کي ڳولڻ ۽ پوءِ متاثر ٿيل ڊيٽا کي بدلائڻ، ترميم ڪرڻ، يا ختم ڪرڻ شامل هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation |last1=Wu |first1=S. |title=A review on coarse warranty data and analysis |journal=Reliability Engineering and System |year=2013 |volume=114 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2012.12.021 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/32972/1/LatestVersionV01.pdf}}</ref> ڊيٽا جي صفائي [[تفائليت| باھمي رابطي واري]] طريقي سان [[ڊيٽا ورينگلنگ]] اوزارن جي ذريعي به ٿي سگهي ٿو، يا [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] وسيلي، گهڻو ڪري اسڪرپٽن يا [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت فائر وال]] جي مدد سان۔ صاف ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، هڪ [[ڊيٽا سيٽ]] کي نظام ۾ موجود ٻين ساڳين ڊيٽا سيٽن سان هم آهنگ هجڻ گهرجي۔ جيڪي اڻبرابريون ڳوليون يا ختم ڪيون وڃن ٿيون، اهي اصل ۾ شايد استعمال ڪندڙ جي داخلا وارين غلطين، ترسيل يا ذخيري ۾ خرابي، يا مختلف ذخيرن ۾ هڪجهڙن وجودن لاءِ مختلف [[ڊيٽا لغت]] جي وصفن جي ڪري پيدا ٿيون هجن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ، [[ڊيٽا جي توثيق]] کان مختلف آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ توثيق ۾ تقريباً هميشه ڊيٽا کي داخلا وقت ئي نظام مان رد ڪيو ويندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ بعد ۾ گڏيل ڊيٽا جي بيچن تي ٿيندي آهي۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو اصل عمل [[ٽائپوگرافي غلطي]]ون ختم ڪرڻ يا ڄاتل وجودن جي فهرست جي مقابلي ۾ قدرن جي توثيق ۽ درستگي به شامل ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اها توثيق سخت به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙو هر پتو رد ڪرڻ جنهن ۾ صحيح [[پوستي ڪوڊ]] نه هجي)، يا [[فزي منطق|فزي]] يا [[تقريبي اسٽرنگ ميچنگ]] تي ٻڌل به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙن ريڪارڊن کي درست ڪرڻ جيڪي جزوي طور موجود ڄاتل ريڪارڊن سان ملن ٿا)۔ ڪجهه ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا حل، تصديق ٿيل ڊيٽا سيٽ سان ڀيٽ ڪري ڊيٽا صاف ڪندا آهن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي هڪ عام روايت ڊيٽا کي وڌيڪ مڪمل بڻائڻ آهي، جنهن ۾ لاڳاپيل معلومات شامل ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن پتي سان لاڳاپيل فون نمبر شامل ڪرڻ۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ ۾ [[مخروطي شڪل#ڳڻپ|هم آهنگي]] (يا معياري بڻائڻ) به شامل ٿي سگهي ٿي، جنهن مان مراد اهڙي ڊيٽا کي گڏ آڻڻ آهي، جيڪا "مختلف فائل فارميٽن، نالي رکڻ جي روايتن، ۽ ڪالمن" ۾ هجي،<ref>{{cite web |title=Data 101: What is Data Harmonization? |language=en |date=14 April 2017 |website=Datorama |url=https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024062426/https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ۽ ان کي هڪ گڏيل ۽ مربوط ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ بدلائڻ؛ ان جو هڪ سادو مثال مخففن کي وڌائڻ آهي ("st, rd, etc." کي "گھٽي, روڊ, وغيره" ۾ بدلائڻ). == محرڪ == انتظامي طور غلط يا اڻ يڪسان ڊيٽا، عوامي ۽ نجي ٻنهي سطحن تي غلط نتيجن ۽ گمراهه ڪندڙ [[ميڪرو اڪنامڪس|ميڪرو اقتصاديات]] ڏانهن وٺي وڃي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، [[حڪومت]] [[آدمشماري|آباديءَ جي ڳڻپ]] جي انگن جو تجزيو ڪرڻ چاهي ٿي ته جيئن اهو فيصلو ڪري سگهي ته ڪهڙن علائقن ۾ [[انفراسٽرڪچر|ڍانچو]] ۽ [[خدمتون|خدمتن]] تي وڌيڪ خرچ ۽ سيڙپڪاري جي ضرورت آهي. اهڙي صورت ۾، صحيح مالي فيصلا ڪرڻ لاءِ قابلِ اعتماد ڊيٽا تائين رسائي تمام اهم هوندي. ڪاروباري دنيا ۾ به غلط ڊيٽا تمام مهانگي پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيتريون ڪمپنيون گراهڪن بابت [[ڊيٽابيس]] استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جن ۾ رابطا، پتا ۽ ترجيحات جهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن پتا غير يڪسان هجن، ته ڪمپني کي ٻيهر ٽپال موڪلڻ جو خرچ ڀوڳڻو پوندو يا گراهڪ به وڃائي ويهندي۔ == ڊيٽا جو معيار == اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا کي ڪيفيت جي ڪجهه معيارن تي پورو لهڻو پوندو۔ انهن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''درستي/صحت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپون مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطن يا پابندين سان مطابقت رکن ٿيون۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[پيمائشي تصديق (شماريات)]].)'' جڏهن جديد ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجي ڊيٽا-گرفتاري وارا نظام ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، ته درستي کي يقيني بڻائڻ نسبتاً آسان هوندو آهي: غلط ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري پراڻن نظامن ۾ پيدا ٿيندي آهي (جتي پابنديون سافٽويئر ۾ لاڳو نه ڪيون ويون هجن) يا جتي غير مناسب ڊيٽا-گرفتاري ٽيڪنالاجي استعمال ڪئي وئي هجي (مثال طور اسپريڊشيٽون، جتي جيڪڏهن سيل جي توثيق استعمال نه ڪئي وڃي ته ڪنهن سيل ۾ صارف ڇا داخل ڪري ٿو، ان کي محدود ڪرڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي)۔ ڊيٽا جون پابنديون هيٺين قسمن ۾ اچن ٿيون: ** ''ڊيٽا-قسم جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن خاص ڪالم ۾ قدرون ڪنهن خاص ڊيٽا قسم جون هجڻ گهرجن، جهڙوڪ بوليئن، عددي (integer يا real)، يا تاريخ۔ ** ''حد جون پابنديون:'' عام طور انگ يا تاريخون ڪنهن خاص حد اندر هجڻ گهرجن۔ يعني انهن لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ جائز قدرون هونديون آهن۔ ** ''لازمي پابنديون:'' ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ ** ''انفراديت جون پابنديون:'' هڪ فيلڊ يا فيلڊن جو ميلاپ، سڄي ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ يڪتا هجڻ گهرجي۔ مثال طور، ٻه ماڻهن جو ساڳيو سوشل سيڪيورٽي نمبر نه ٿي سگهي۔ ** ''سيٽ-رڪنيت جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن ڪالم جون قدرون محدود جدا جدا قدرن يا ڪوڊن جي فهرست مان هجڻ گهرجن۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن شخص جي جنس مونث، مذڪر، يا غير-بائنري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ** ''خارجي-ڪنجي جون پابنديون:'' هي سيٽ-رڪنيت جو وڌيڪ عام مثال آهي۔ ڪنهن ڪالم جي قدرن جو سيٽ، ٻي ٽيبل جي اهڙي ڪالم ۾ بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي جنهن ۾ يڪتا قدرون هجن۔ مثال طور، آمريڪي ٽيڪس ڏيندڙن جي ڊيٽابيس ۾ "رياست" وارو ڪالم، آمريڪا جي مقرر ڪيل رياستن يا علائقن مان هڪ هجڻ ضروري آهي: اهي جائز رياستون ۽ علائقا هڪ الڳ ٽيبل ۾ محفوظ هوندا آهن۔ اصطلاح [[ٻاھرين-ڪي]] تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس جي اصطلاحن مان ورتل آهي۔ ** ''باقاعده اظهار جا نمونا:'' ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متني فيلڊن کي هن طريقي سان توثيق ڪرڻي پوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، اتر آمريڪا جي فون نمبرن لاءِ شايد 999-999–9999 وارو نمونو ضروري هجي۔ ** ''ڪراس-فيلڊ توثيق:'' ڪجهه شرطون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي فيلڊن کي گڏ استعمال ڪن، انهن جو صحيح هجڻ ضروري آهي۔ مثال طور، ليبارٽري ميڊيسن ۾ رت جي اڇن گھرڙن جي تفصيلي ڳڻپ جي جزن جو مجموعو 100 هجڻ گهرجي (ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي سڀ سيڪڙيون آهن)۔ اسپتال جي ڊيٽابيس ۾، مريض جي ڊسچارج جي تاريخ داخلا جي تاريخ کان اڳ واري نه ٿي سگهي۔ * '''سڌائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڪا ماپ ڪنهن معيار يا حقيقي قدر سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[درستگي ۽ نفاست]].)'' عام حالت ۾ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وسيلي سڌائي حاصل ڪرڻ ڏکيو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ان لاءِ ڪنهن اهڙي ٻاهرين ذريعي تائين رسائي گهربل آهي جنهن ۾ حقيقي قدر موجود هجي: اهڙي "سون جي معيار" واري ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري دستياب نه هوندي آهي۔ ڪجهه صاف ڪرڻ وارين حالتن ۾، خاص ڪري گراهڪن جي رابطي واري ڊيٽا ۾، ٻاهرين ڊيٽابيس استعمال ڪري سڌائي حاصل ڪئي وئي آهي، جيڪي زپ ڪوڊن کي جاگرافيائي هنڌن (شهر ۽ رياست) سان ملائينديون آهن ۽ اهو به تصديق ڪنديون آهن ته انهن زپ ڪوڊن اندر ڏنل گهٽي جا پتا واقعي موجود آهن۔ * '''تڪميل''': اها حد جنهن تائين سڀ گهربل ماپون معلوم هجن۔ اڻپوري ڊيٽا کي صاف ڪرڻ واري طريقي سان مڪمل ڪرڻ تقريباً ناممڪن آهي: جيڪو واقعو اصل ۾ رڪارڊ ئي نه ٿيو هجي، ان کي بعد ۾ اندازي سان ثابت نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ (ڪجهه حالتن ۾، مثلاً انٽرويو ڊيٽا ۾، ممڪن آهي ته اصل ذريعي ڏانهن موٽي اڻپوري ڳالهين کي درست ڪيو وڃي، پر پوءِ به يادگيري جي مسئلن سبب ڪاميابي جي ضمانت نه هوندي.) انهن نظامن ۾، جتي ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن، ماڻهو "نامعلوم" يا "گم ٿيل" جهڙو قدر استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، پر اهڙي ڊفالٽ قدر فراهم ڪرڻ جو مطلب اهو نه آهي ته ڊيٽا مڪمل ٿي وئي آهي۔ * '''يڪسانيت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ مختلف نظامن ۾ هڪجهڙو هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[يڪسانيت]].)'' اڻ يڪسانيت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي جڏهن ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ ٻه ڊيٽا شيون هڪ ٻئي جي تضاد ۾ هجن: مثال طور، ڪنهن گراهڪ جو ٻه مختلف نظامن ۾ ٻه مختلف موجوده پتا درج هجن، جڏهن⁠تہ انهن مان صرف هڪ صحيح ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ اهڙي اڻ يڪسانيت کي درست ڪرڻ هميشه ممڪن ناهي: ان لاءِ مختلف حڪمت عملين جي ضرورت پوي ٿي ــ مثال طور، اهو طئي ڪرڻ ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا وڌيڪ تازو رڪارڊ ٿي، ڪهڙو ذريعو وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد آهي، يا سڌو سنئون ٻنهي قدرن جي جاچ ڪري سچ معلوم ڪرڻ۔ * '''يڪروپائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڊيٽا ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ سڀني نظامن ۾ ماپ جي ساڳين اکائين ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ماپ جو ايڪو]].)'' اهڙين ڊيٽا سيٽن ۾ جيڪي مختلف علائقن مان گڏ ڪيون ويون هجن، وزن پائونڊن يا ڪلوگرام ۾ رڪارڊ ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو ۽ انهن کي ڪنهن رياضيائي تبديلي ذريعي هڪ ئي ماپ ۾ بدلائڻ ضروري هوندو آهي۔ اصطلاح '''سالمتي''' درستگي، يڪسانيت ۽ پيمائشي تصديق (validity) جي ڪجهه پهلوئن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ڊيٽا جي سالميت]])'' پر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي تناظر ۾ اهو اصطلاح اڪثر پاڻمرادو استعمال نٿو ٿئي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو ڪافي مخصوص ناهي۔ (مثال طور، "[[حوالائي سالميت]]" هڪ اهڙو اصطلاح آهي جيڪو مٿي بيان ڪيل ٻاھرين-ڪي پابندين جي نفاذ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔) == عمل == * '''ڊيٽا آڊٽنگ''': [[شماريات|شمارياتي]] ۽ ڊيٽابيس طريقن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن بيقاعدگيون ۽ تضاد ڳوليا وڃن: اهڙي آڊٽ مان بيقاعدگين جي خاصيتن ۽ انهن جي هنڌن جو پتو پوي ٿو۔ ڪيترائي تجارتي سافٽويئر پيڪيج اوهان کي مختلف قسمن جون پابنديون طئي ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا (هڪ اهڙي گرامر سان جيڪا ڪنهن معياري پروگرامنگ ٻولي، جهڙوڪ [[جاوا (پروگرامنگ جي ٻولي)|جاواسڪرپٽ]] يا [[ويزول بيسڪ|نظري بيسڪ]]، جي گرامر سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿي) ۽ پوءِ اهڙو ڪوڊ پيدا ڪن ٿا جيڪو انهن پابندين جي ڀڃڪڙيءَ لاءِ ڊيٽا جي جاچ ڪري ٿو۔ هن عمل کي هيٺ "ورڪ فلو اسپيسيفڪيشن" ۽ "ورڪ فلو اگزيڪيوشن" وارن نڪتن ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو آهي۔ جن استعمال ڪندڙن وٽ اعليٰ درجي جي صفائي واري سافٽويئر تائين رسائي نه هجي، اهي مائڪرو ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽابيس پيڪيجز جهڙوڪ [[مائڪرو سافٽ ايڪسل|مائڪروسافٽ ايڪسس]] يا [[فائل ميڪر پرو]] استعمال ڪري به اهڙيون جاچون ڪري سگهن ٿا، گهڻو ڪري ٿوري يا بغير پروگرامنگ جي، هڪ-هڪ پابنديءَ جي بنياد تي، باھمي رابطي واري نموني. * '''ورڪ فلو وضاحت''': بيقاعدگين کي ڳولڻ ۽ هٽائڻ، ڊيٽا تي لاڳو ٿيندڙ عملن جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي ڪيو ويندو آهي، جنهن کي ورڪ فلو چيو ويندو آهي. اهو ڊيٽا جي آڊٽ کان پوءِ مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ انتهائي اهم هوندو آهي۔ مناسب ورڪ فلو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڊيٽا ۾ موجود بيقاعدگين ۽ غلطين جي سببن جو ويجهڙائيءَ سان جائزو وٺڻ ضروري آهي۔ * '''ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ''': هن مرحلي ۾، ورڪ فلو جي وضاحت مڪمل ٿيڻ ۽ ان جي درستگي جي تصديق ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ان کي عمل ۾ آندو ويندو آهي۔ ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ ڪارائتو هجڻ گهرجي، ڀلي وڏي ڊيٽا سيٽ تي ئي ڇو نه هجي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠ ته ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا عمل حسابي طور ڳرا ٿي سگهن ٿا. * '''پوسٽ-پروسيسنگ ۽ ڪنٽرول''': صفائي واري ورڪ فلو هلائڻ کان پوءِ نتيجن جو جائزو ورتو ويندو آهي ته جيئن درستگي پڪ ٿي سگهي، جيڪا ڊيٽا ورڪ فلو دوران صحيح نه ٿي سگهي هئي، ان کي جيڪڏهن ممڪن هجي ته هٿ سان درست ڪيو ويندو آهي. نتيجي طور ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو هڪ نئون چڪر شروع ٿيندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ڊيٽا جو ٻيهر آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن وڌيڪ خودڪار صفائي لاءِ نئون ورڪ فلو مقرر ڪري سگهجي. سٺي معيار واري بنيادي ڊيٽا جو تعلق "ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ثقافت" سان آهي ۽ ان جي شروعات تنظيم جي مٿئين سطح کان ٿيڻ گهرجي. اهو فقط داخلا واري اسڪرينن تي مضبوط پيمائشي تصديق واري آزمائش لاڳو ڪرڻ جو معاملو ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ ⁠ته اهي ڪيترا به سخت ڇو نه هجن، استعمال ڪندڙ گهڻو ڪري انهن کي چڪما ڏئي سگهن ٿا. انهن تنظيمن لاءِ جيڪي ڊيٽا جو معيار بهتر بڻائڻ چاهين ٿيون، نون مرحلن واري هڪ رهنمائي موجود آهي:<ref>Kimball, R., Ross, M., Thornthwaite, W., Mundy, J., Becker, B. ''The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit'', Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-14977-5}}</ref><ref>Olson, J. E. ''Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension", [[Morgan Kaufmann]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-55860-891-5}}''</ref> * [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت]] واري ثقافت لاءِ اعليٰ سطحي وابستگيءَ جو اعلان ڪريو * انتظامي سطح تي عملن جي نئين جوڙجڪ کي اڳتي وڌايو * ڊيٽا داخلا واري ماحول کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ايپليڪيشنن جي انضمام کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * عملن جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي طريقي کي بدلائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ابتدا کان انتها تائين ٽيم جي آگاهي وڌايو * کاتن جي وچ ۾ سهڪار کي فروغ ڏيو * عوامي طور ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ۾ شانداريت جو خير مقدم ڪيو ويو * مسلسل ڊيٽا ڪيفيت کي ماپيو ۽ بهتر بڻايو ٻين مرحلن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''[[پارسننگ]]''': نحوي غلطين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ پارسر فيصلو ڪندو آهي ته ڊيٽا جي ڪا [[اسٽرنگ]] جائز اسپيسيفڪيشن جي اندر قبول لائق آهي يا نه. هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن پارسر [[گرامر]] ۽ [[ٻولي]] سان ڪم ڪندو آهي. * '''ڊيٽا تبديلي''': ڊيٽا تبديلي ذريعي ڊيٽا کي ان جي موجوده فارميٽ مان ان فارميٽ ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪو لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشن لاءِ گهربل هوندو آهي۔ هن ۾ قدرن جي تبديلي، ترجمي وارا فنڪشن ۽ عددي قدرن کي گھٽ ۾ گھٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ حدن سان هم آهنگ ڪرڻ شامل آهي. * '''نقل ختم ڪرڻ''': ٻٽي داخلا جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ اهڙي [[الگورٿم]] جي ضرورت پوندي آهي جيڪو اهو طئي ڪري ته ڇا ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ ئي وجود جون نقل صورتون موجود آهن۔ عام طور تي ڊيٽا کي هڪ اهڙي چاٻي (key) تي ترتيب ڏنو ويندو آهي، جيڪا ٻٽي داخلائن کي جلدي سڃاڻپ لاءِ ويجهو آڻي ڇڏي. * '''شمارياتي طريقا''': اوسط (mean)، [[اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن (شماريات)|اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن]]، [[رينج (شماريات)|رينج]]، يا [[ڪلسٽر تجزيو|ڪلسٽرنگ]] الگورٿمن جي قدرن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو تجزيو ڪري، ماهر اهڙيون قدرون ڳولي سگهي ٿو جيڪيون غير متوقع ۽ تنهن ڪري غلط لڳن. جيتوڻيڪ اهڙي ڊيٽا جي درستگي ڏکيو هوندي آهي ڇاڪاڻ⁠ تہ حقيقي قدر معلوم نه هوندي آهي، پر ان کي اوسط يا ٻين شمارياتي قدرن تي مقرر ڪري حل ڪري سگهجي ٿو. شمارياتي طريقا غائب ملھن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، جن کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قابل قبول ملھن سان بدلائي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪيون عام طور [[ڊيٽا جو واڌارو|ڊيٽا جي واڌاري واري]] الگورٿمن ذريعي حاصل ٿينديون آهن. == نظام == هن نظام جو بنيادي ڪم اهو آهي ته [[خراب ڊيٽا]] کي درست ڪرڻ ۽ ساڳي وقت ڊيٽا کي ايترو ممڪن حد تائين اصل ماخذ پيداڪندڙ نظام جي ويجهو رکڻ جي وچ ۾ توازن قائم ڪيو وڃي۔ اهو اخراج ، لوڊنگ ۽ تبديلي واري معمار لاءِ هڪ چئلينج آهي۔ نظام کي اهڙي جوڙجڪ مهيا ڪرڻ گهرجي، جيڪا ڊيٽا صاف ڪري سگهي، خاصيتي واقعن کي رڪارڊ ڪري سگهي، ۽ [[ڊيٽا گودام]] ۾ ڊيٽا جي معيار کي ماپي ۽ سنڀالي سگهي۔ هڪ سٺو آغاز اها آهي ته تفصيلي [[ڊيٽا پروفائلنگ]] تجزيو ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جي گهربل پيچيدگي طئي ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪندو ۽ ماخذي نظام يا نظامن ۾ موجوده ڊيٽا معيار بابت پڻ خيال ڏيندو۔ == معيار جون اسڪرينون == ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جو هڪ حصو تشخيصي فلٽرن جو مجموعو هوندو آهي، جن کي خاصيت وارا اسڪرين چيو ويندو آهي۔ انهن مان هر هڪ ڊيٽا جي وهڪري ۾ هڪ ٽيسٽ لاڳو ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿيڻ تي غلطي وارن واقعن جي خاڪي ۾ هڪ غلطي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي۔ خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن کي ٽن قسمن ۾ ورهايو ويندو آهي: * ڪالم اسڪرين. انفرادي ڪالم جي جاچ، مثال طور اهڙين غير متوقع قدرن لاءِ جهڙوڪ [[null character|NULL]] values؛ اهڙيون غير عددي قدرون جيڪي عددي هجڻ گهرجن؛ حد کان ٻاهر واريون قدرون وغيره۔ * Structure screens. اهي ساڳئي يا مختلف ٽيبلن ۾ ڪالمن جي وچ ۾ مختلف لاڳاپن (عام طور foreign/primary keys) جي سالمتي جاچڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿينديون آهن۔ اهي انهيءَ لاءِ به استعمال ٿينديون آهن ته ڏٺو وڃي ته ڪنهن ڪالمن جو گروهه ڪنهن ساختي تعريف مطابق جائز آهي يا نه۔ * Business rule screens. ٽنهي قسمن مان سڀ کان وڌيڪ پيچيده ٽيسٽون۔ اهي ڏسن ٿيون ته ڇا ڊيٽا، شايد ڪيترن ئي ٽيبلن ۾، مخصوص ڪاروباري ضابطن تي پوري لهندي آهي يا نه۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن ڪنهن گراهڪ کي ڪنهن خاص قسم جو گراهڪ نشان لڳايو ويو آهي، ته پوءِ ان قسم جي گراهڪ بابت مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطا به پوري ٿيڻ گهرجن۔ جڏهن quality screen ڪنهن غلطي کي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي، تڏهن اهو يا ته dataflow process کي روڪي سگهي ٿو، يا خراب ڊيٽا کي target system کان سواءِ ٻي هنڌ موڪلي سگهي ٿو، يا ڊيٽا کي tag ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ آخري اختيار کي بهترين حل سمجھيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ پهرئين صورت ۾ هر ڀيري مسئلو ٿيڻ تي ڪنهن کي هٿ سان ان کي سنڀالڻو پوندو آهي، ۽ ٻي صورت ۾ target system مان ڊيٽا غائب رهندي ([[integrity]]) ۽ گهڻو ڪري اهو واضح نه هوندو ته اهڙي ڊيٽا سان آخر ڇا ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ == موجوده اوزارن ۽ عملن تي تنقيد == اڪثر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارن اوزارن ۾ استعمال جي سهولت بابت پابنديون موجود هونديون آهن: * '''منصوبي جو خرچ''': اڪثر ڪري سوين هزارين ڊالرن تائين * '''وقت''': وڏي پيماني واري ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري سافٽويئر ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪرڻ وقت وٺندڙ آهي * '''سيڪيورٽي''': آڏي-پيمائشي تصديق cross-validation لاءِ معلومات ورهائڻ ضروري هوندي آهي، جنهن سان مختلف نظامن، بشمول حساس ورثي جا نظام، تائين ايپليڪيشن تائين رسد مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي آهي == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو، خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن طرفان پيدا ڪيل سڀني غلطي وارن واقعن جا ريڪارڊ محفوظ ڪندو آهي۔ اهو هڪ غلطي وارو واقعو [[حقيقت واري جدول]] تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽن ڊائمينش جدولن ڏانهن [[ٻاھرين ڪي|ٻاھريون چاٻيون (keys)]] هونديون آهن، جيڪي تاريخ (ڪڏهن)، [[بيچ جاب]] (ڪٿي)، ۽ اسڪرين (ڪنهن غلطي پيدا ڪئي) کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون۔ ان ۾ اها معلومات به هوندي آهي ته غلطي صحيح ڪهڙي وقت پيدا ٿي ۽ ان جي سنگيني ڪيتري هئي۔ ان کان علاوه هڪ غلطي واري واقعي جي تفصيلي حقيقت واري جدول به هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مکيه جدول table ڏانهن ٻاھرين چاٻي foreign key هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ اها تفصيلي ڄاڻ هوندي آهي ته غلطي ڪهڙي ٽيبل، ريڪارڊ، ۽ فيلڊ ۾ ٿي ۽ غلطي واري حالت ڇا هئي۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[ڊيٽا ايڊيٽنگ]] * [[ڊيٽا انتظام]] * [[ڊيٽا مائننگ]] * [[ڊيٽابيس جي مرمت]] * [[Iterative proportional fitting]] * [[ريڪارڊ ڳانڍاپو]] * [[هڪڙو گراهڪ ڏيک]] * [[ٽرائئنگوليشن (سماجي سائنس)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} == وڌيڪ پڙهو == * {{cite book |last=McKinney |first=Wes |title=Python for Data Analysis |edition=2nd |location=|publisher=O'Reilly |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4919-5766-0 |chapter=Data Cleaning and Preparation |pages=195–224}} * {{cite book |last1=van der Loo |first1=Mark |first2=Edwin |last2=de Jonge |title=Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-118-89715-7}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chicco D, Oneto L, Tavazzi E |title=Eleven quick tips for data cleaning and feature engineering |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=18 |issue=12 |article-number=e1010718 |date=December 2022 |pmid=36520712 |pmc=9754225 |s2cid= 254733288 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010718 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLSCB..18E0718C }} * {{citation |author=Chu, X. |author2=Ilyas, I. F. |author3=Krishnan, S. |author4=Wang, J. |title=Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data |year=2016 |chapter=Data Cleaning |pages=2201–2206 |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/2882903.2912574|isbn=978-1-4503-3531-7 }} * {{citation |author=Côté, P.-O. |author2=Nikanjam, A. |author3=Ahmed, N. |author4=Humeniuk, D. |author5=Khomh, F. |year=2024 |title=Data cleaning and machine learning: a systematic literature review |journal=Automated Software Engineering |volume=31 |issue=2 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |doi=10.1007/s10515-024-00453-w|arxiv=2310.01765 }} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313055016/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/78230/Data_Scrubbing ''Computerworld: Data Scrubbing''] (February 10, 2003) {{Data}} [[Category:Data quality]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] jgfo3nmcvjwxjv89yd0fsyho7p9lj5u 375375 375374 2026-05-02T13:20:34Z Ibne maryam 17680 375375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|غلط ڪمپيوٽر ريڪارڊن جي درستگي}} {{Distinguish|ڊيٽا اسڪربنگ|ردعمل}} '''ڊيٽا جي صفائي''' يا ''' Data Cleansing''' يا '''Data cleaning''' اهو عمل آهي جنهن ۾ ڪنهن ڊيٽا سيٽ، [[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدول]]، يا [[ڊيٽابيس]] مان خراب، غلط، يا غير لاڳاپيل [[ذخيري جو ريڪارڊ|ريڪارڊن]] جي سڃاڻپ ۽ درستگي (يا هٽائڻ) ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ هن ۾ ڊيٽا جي اڻپوري، غلط، يا غير درست حصن کي ڳولڻ ۽ پوءِ متاثر ٿيل ڊيٽا کي بدلائڻ، ترميم ڪرڻ، يا ختم ڪرڻ شامل هوندو آهي۔<ref>{{Citation |last1=Wu |first1=S. |title=A review on coarse warranty data and analysis |journal=Reliability Engineering and System |year=2013 |volume=114 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1016/j.ress.2012.12.021 |url=https://kar.kent.ac.uk/32972/1/LatestVersionV01.pdf}}</ref> ڊيٽا جي صفائي [[تفائليت| باھمي رابطي واري]] طريقي سان [[ڊيٽا ورينگلنگ]] اوزارن جي ذريعي به ٿي سگهي ٿو، يا [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] وسيلي، گهڻو ڪري اسڪرپٽن يا [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت فائر وال]] جي مدد سان۔ صاف ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، هڪ [[ڊيٽا سيٽ]] کي نظام ۾ موجود ٻين ساڳين ڊيٽا سيٽن سان هم آهنگ هجڻ گهرجي۔ جيڪي اڻبرابريون ڳوليون يا ختم ڪيون وڃن ٿيون، اهي اصل ۾ شايد استعمال ڪندڙ جي داخلا وارين غلطين، ترسيل يا ذخيري ۾ خرابي، يا مختلف ذخيرن ۾ هڪجهڙن وجودن لاءِ مختلف [[ڊيٽا لغت]] جي وصفن جي ڪري پيدا ٿيون هجن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ، [[ڊيٽا جي توثيق]] کان مختلف آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ توثيق ۾ تقريباً هميشه ڊيٽا کي داخلا وقت ئي نظام مان رد ڪيو ويندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ بعد ۾ گڏيل ڊيٽا جي بيچن تي ٿيندي آهي۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو اصل عمل [[ٽائپوگرافي غلطي]]ون ختم ڪرڻ يا ڄاتل وجودن جي فهرست جي مقابلي ۾ قدرن جي توثيق ۽ درستگي به شامل ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ اها توثيق سخت به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙو هر پتو رد ڪرڻ جنهن ۾ صحيح [[پوستي ڪوڊ]] نه هجي)، يا [[فزي منطق|فزي]] يا [[تقريبي اسٽرنگ ميچنگ]] تي ٻڌل به ٿي سگهي ٿي (مثال طور اهڙن ريڪارڊن کي درست ڪرڻ جيڪي جزوي طور موجود ڄاتل ريڪارڊن سان ملن ٿا)۔ ڪجهه ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا حل، تصديق ٿيل ڊيٽا سيٽ سان ڀيٽ ڪري ڊيٽا صاف ڪندا آهن۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي هڪ عام روايت ڊيٽا کي وڌيڪ مڪمل بڻائڻ آهي، جنهن ۾ لاڳاپيل معلومات شامل ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن پتي سان لاڳاپيل فون نمبر شامل ڪرڻ۔ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ ۾ [[مخروطي شڪل#ڳڻپ|هم آهنگي]] (يا معياري بڻائڻ) به شامل ٿي سگهي ٿي، جنهن مان مراد اهڙي ڊيٽا کي گڏ آڻڻ آهي، جيڪا "مختلف فائل فارميٽن، نالي رکڻ جي روايتن، ۽ ڪالمن" ۾ هجي،<ref>{{cite web |title=Data 101: What is Data Harmonization? |language=en |date=14 April 2017 |website=Datorama |url=https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |access-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024062426/https://datorama.com/blog/2017/04/14/data-101-what-is-data-harmonization/ |archive-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ۽ ان کي هڪ گڏيل ۽ مربوط ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ بدلائڻ؛ ان جو هڪ سادو مثال مخففن کي وڌائڻ آهي ("st, rd, etc." کي "گھٽي, روڊ, وغيره" ۾ بدلائڻ). == محرڪ == انتظامي طور غلط يا اڻ يڪسان ڊيٽا، عوامي ۽ نجي ٻنهي سطحن تي غلط نتيجن ۽ گمراهه ڪندڙ [[ميڪرو اڪنامڪس|ميڪرو اقتصاديات]] ڏانهن وٺي وڃي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، [[حڪومت]] [[آدمشماري|آباديءَ جي ڳڻپ]] جي انگن جو تجزيو ڪرڻ چاهي ٿي ته جيئن اهو فيصلو ڪري سگهي ته ڪهڙن علائقن ۾ [[انفراسٽرڪچر|ڍانچو]] ۽ [[خدمتون|خدمتن]] تي وڌيڪ خرچ ۽ سيڙپڪاري جي ضرورت آهي. اهڙي صورت ۾، صحيح مالي فيصلا ڪرڻ لاءِ قابلِ اعتماد ڊيٽا تائين رسائي تمام اهم هوندي. ڪاروباري دنيا ۾ به غلط ڊيٽا تمام مهانگي پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ ڪيتريون ڪمپنيون گراهڪن بابت [[ڊيٽابيس]] استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جن ۾ رابطا، پتا ۽ ترجيحات جهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ هوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن پتا غير يڪسان هجن، ته ڪمپني کي ٻيهر ٽپال موڪلڻ جو خرچ ڀوڳڻو پوندو يا گراهڪ به وڃائي ويهندي۔ == ڊيٽا جو معيار == اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا کي ڪيفيت جي ڪجهه معيارن تي پورو لهڻو پوندو۔ انهن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''درستي/صحت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپون مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطن يا پابندين سان مطابقت رکن ٿيون۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[پيمائشي تصديق (شماريات)]].)'' جڏهن جديد ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجي ڊيٽا-گرفتاري وارا نظام ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، ته درستي کي يقيني بڻائڻ نسبتاً آسان هوندو آهي: غلط ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري پراڻن نظامن ۾ پيدا ٿيندي آهي (جتي پابنديون سافٽويئر ۾ لاڳو نه ڪيون ويون هجن) يا جتي غير مناسب ڊيٽا-گرفتاري ٽيڪنالاجي استعمال ڪئي وئي هجي (مثال طور اسپريڊشيٽون، جتي جيڪڏهن سيل جي توثيق استعمال نه ڪئي وڃي ته ڪنهن سيل ۾ صارف ڇا داخل ڪري ٿو، ان کي محدود ڪرڻ تمام ڏکيو هوندو آهي)۔ ڊيٽا جون پابنديون هيٺين قسمن ۾ اچن ٿيون: ** ''ڊيٽا-قسم جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن خاص ڪالم ۾ قدرون ڪنهن خاص ڊيٽا قسم جون هجڻ گهرجن، جهڙوڪ بوليئن، عددي (integer يا real)، يا تاريخ۔ ** ''حد جون پابنديون:'' عام طور انگ يا تاريخون ڪنهن خاص حد اندر هجڻ گهرجن۔ يعني انهن لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ جائز قدرون هونديون آهن۔ ** ''لازمي پابنديون:'' ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ ** ''انفراديت جون پابنديون:'' هڪ فيلڊ يا فيلڊن جو ميلاپ، سڄي ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ يڪتا هجڻ گهرجي۔ مثال طور، ٻه ماڻهن جو ساڳيو سوشل سيڪيورٽي نمبر نه ٿي سگهي۔ ** ''سيٽ-رڪنيت جون پابنديون:'' ڪنهن ڪالم جون قدرون محدود جدا جدا قدرن يا ڪوڊن جي فهرست مان هجڻ گهرجن۔ مثال طور، ڪنهن شخص جي جنس مونث، مذڪر، يا غير-بائنري ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ** ''خارجي-ڪنجي جون پابنديون:'' هي سيٽ-رڪنيت جو وڌيڪ عام مثال آهي۔ ڪنهن ڪالم جي قدرن جو سيٽ، ٻي ٽيبل جي اهڙي ڪالم ۾ بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي جنهن ۾ يڪتا قدرون هجن۔ مثال طور، آمريڪي ٽيڪس ڏيندڙن جي ڊيٽابيس ۾ "رياست" وارو ڪالم، آمريڪا جي مقرر ڪيل رياستن يا علائقن مان هڪ هجڻ ضروري آهي: اهي جائز رياستون ۽ علائقا هڪ الڳ ٽيبل ۾ محفوظ هوندا آهن۔ اصطلاح [[ٻاھرين-ڪي]] تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس جي اصطلاحن مان ورتل آهي۔ ** ''باقاعده اظهار جا نمونا:'' ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متني فيلڊن کي هن طريقي سان توثيق ڪرڻي پوندي آهي۔ مثال طور، اتر آمريڪا جي فون نمبرن لاءِ شايد 999-999–9999 وارو نمونو ضروري هجي۔ ** ''ڪراس-فيلڊ توثيق:'' ڪجهه شرطون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي فيلڊن کي گڏ استعمال ڪن، انهن جو صحيح هجڻ ضروري آهي۔ مثال طور، ليبارٽري ميڊيسن ۾ رت جي اڇن گھرڙن جي تفصيلي ڳڻپ جي جزن جو مجموعو 100 هجڻ گهرجي (ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي سڀ سيڪڙيون آهن)۔ اسپتال جي ڊيٽابيس ۾، مريض جي ڊسچارج جي تاريخ داخلا جي تاريخ کان اڳ واري نه ٿي سگهي۔ * '''سڌائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڪا ماپ ڪنهن معيار يا حقيقي قدر سان مطابقت رکي ٿي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[درستگي ۽ نفاست]].)'' عام حالت ۾ ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وسيلي سڌائي حاصل ڪرڻ ڏکيو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ان لاءِ ڪنهن اهڙي ٻاهرين ذريعي تائين رسائي گهربل آهي جنهن ۾ حقيقي قدر موجود هجي: اهڙي "سون جي معيار" واري ڊيٽا گهڻو ڪري دستياب نه هوندي آهي۔ ڪجهه صاف ڪرڻ وارين حالتن ۾، خاص ڪري گراهڪن جي رابطي واري ڊيٽا ۾، ٻاهرين ڊيٽابيس استعمال ڪري سڌائي حاصل ڪئي وئي آهي، جيڪي زپ ڪوڊن کي جاگرافيائي هنڌن (شهر ۽ رياست) سان ملائينديون آهن ۽ اهو به تصديق ڪنديون آهن ته انهن زپ ڪوڊن اندر ڏنل گهٽي جا پتا واقعي موجود آهن۔ * '''تڪميل''': اها حد جنهن تائين سڀ گهربل ماپون معلوم هجن۔ اڻپوري ڊيٽا کي صاف ڪرڻ واري طريقي سان مڪمل ڪرڻ تقريباً ناممڪن آهي: جيڪو واقعو اصل ۾ رڪارڊ ئي نه ٿيو هجي، ان کي بعد ۾ اندازي سان ثابت نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ (ڪجهه حالتن ۾، مثلاً انٽرويو ڊيٽا ۾، ممڪن آهي ته اصل ذريعي ڏانهن موٽي اڻپوري ڳالهين کي درست ڪيو وڃي، پر پوءِ به يادگيري جي مسئلن سبب ڪاميابي جي ضمانت نه هوندي.) انهن نظامن ۾، جتي ڪجهه ڪالم خالي نه هجڻ گهرجن، ماڻهو "نامعلوم" يا "گم ٿيل" جهڙو قدر استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، پر اهڙي ڊفالٽ قدر فراهم ڪرڻ جو مطلب اهو نه آهي ته ڊيٽا مڪمل ٿي وئي آهي۔ * '''يڪسانيت''': اها حد جنهن تائين ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ مختلف نظامن ۾ هڪجهڙو هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[يڪسانيت]].)'' اڻ يڪسانيت تڏهن پيدا ٿئي ٿي جڏهن ڊيٽا سيٽ ۾ ٻه ڊيٽا شيون هڪ ٻئي جي تضاد ۾ هجن: مثال طور، ڪنهن گراهڪ جو ٻه مختلف نظامن ۾ ٻه مختلف موجوده پتا درج هجن، جڏهن⁠تہ انهن مان صرف هڪ صحيح ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ اهڙي اڻ يڪسانيت کي درست ڪرڻ هميشه ممڪن ناهي: ان لاءِ مختلف حڪمت عملين جي ضرورت پوي ٿي ــ مثال طور، اهو طئي ڪرڻ ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا وڌيڪ تازو رڪارڊ ٿي، ڪهڙو ذريعو وڌيڪ قابلِ اعتماد آهي، يا سڌو سنئون ٻنهي قدرن جي جاچ ڪري سچ معلوم ڪرڻ۔ * '''يڪروپائي''': اها حد جنهن تائين ڊيٽا ماپن جو هڪ سيٽ سڀني نظامن ۾ ماپ جي ساڳين اکائين ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي۔ ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ماپ جو ايڪو]].)'' اهڙين ڊيٽا سيٽن ۾ جيڪي مختلف علائقن مان گڏ ڪيون ويون هجن، وزن پائونڊن يا ڪلوگرام ۾ رڪارڊ ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو ۽ انهن کي ڪنهن رياضيائي تبديلي ذريعي هڪ ئي ماپ ۾ بدلائڻ ضروري هوندو آهي۔ اصطلاح '''سالمتي''' درستگي، يڪسانيت ۽ پيمائشي تصديق (validity) جي ڪجهه پهلوئن کي گڏ ڪري ٿو ''(ڏسو پڻ [[ڊيٽا جي سالميت]])'' پر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جي تناظر ۾ اهو اصطلاح اڪثر پاڻمرادو استعمال نٿو ٿئي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو ڪافي مخصوص ناهي۔ (مثال طور، "[[حوالائي سالميت]]" هڪ اهڙو اصطلاح آهي جيڪو مٿي بيان ڪيل ٻاھرين-ڪي پابندين جي نفاذ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔) == عمل == * '''ڊيٽا آڊٽنگ''': [[شماريات|شمارياتي]] ۽ ڊيٽابيس طريقن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن بيقاعدگيون ۽ تضاد ڳوليا وڃن: اهڙي آڊٽ مان بيقاعدگين جي خاصيتن ۽ انهن جي هنڌن جو پتو پوي ٿو۔ ڪيترائي تجارتي سافٽويئر پيڪيج اوهان کي مختلف قسمن جون پابنديون طئي ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا (هڪ اهڙي گرامر سان جيڪا ڪنهن معياري پروگرامنگ ٻولي، جهڙوڪ [[جاوا (پروگرامنگ جي ٻولي)|جاواسڪرپٽ]] يا [[ويزول بيسڪ|نظري بيسڪ]]، جي گرامر سان ٺهڪي اچي ٿي) ۽ پوءِ اهڙو ڪوڊ پيدا ڪن ٿا جيڪو انهن پابندين جي ڀڃڪڙيءَ لاءِ ڊيٽا جي جاچ ڪري ٿو۔ هن عمل کي هيٺ "ورڪ فلو اسپيسيفڪيشن" ۽ "ورڪ فلو اگزيڪيوشن" وارن نڪتن ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو آهي۔ جن استعمال ڪندڙن وٽ اعليٰ درجي جي صفائي واري سافٽويئر تائين رسائي نه هجي، اهي مائڪرو ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽابيس پيڪيجز جهڙوڪ [[مائڪرو سافٽ ايڪسل|مائڪروسافٽ ايڪسس]] يا [[فائل ميڪر پرو]] استعمال ڪري به اهڙيون جاچون ڪري سگهن ٿا، گهڻو ڪري ٿوري يا بغير پروگرامنگ جي، هڪ-هڪ پابنديءَ جي بنياد تي، باھمي رابطي واري نموني. * '''ورڪ فلو وضاحت''': بيقاعدگين کي ڳولڻ ۽ هٽائڻ، ڊيٽا تي لاڳو ٿيندڙ عملن جي هڪ سلسلي ذريعي ڪيو ويندو آهي، جنهن کي ورڪ فلو چيو ويندو آهي. اهو ڊيٽا جي آڊٽ کان پوءِ مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ اعليٰ معيار واري ڊيٽا حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ انتهائي اهم هوندو آهي۔ مناسب ورڪ فلو حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ ڊيٽا ۾ موجود بيقاعدگين ۽ غلطين جي سببن جو ويجهڙائيءَ سان جائزو وٺڻ ضروري آهي۔ * '''ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ''': هن مرحلي ۾، ورڪ فلو جي وضاحت مڪمل ٿيڻ ۽ ان جي درستگي جي تصديق ٿيڻ کان پوءِ ان کي عمل ۾ آندو ويندو آهي۔ ورڪ فلو جو نفاذ ڪارائتو هجڻ گهرجي، ڀلي وڏي ڊيٽا سيٽ تي ئي ڇو نه هجي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠ ته ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارا عمل حسابي طور ڳرا ٿي سگهن ٿا. * '''پوسٽ-پروسيسنگ ۽ ڪنٽرول''': صفائي واري ورڪ فلو هلائڻ کان پوءِ نتيجن جو جائزو ورتو ويندو آهي ته جيئن درستگي پڪ ٿي سگهي، جيڪا ڊيٽا ورڪ فلو دوران صحيح نه ٿي سگهي هئي، ان کي جيڪڏهن ممڪن هجي ته هٿ سان درست ڪيو ويندو آهي. نتيجي طور ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ جو هڪ نئون چڪر شروع ٿيندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ڊيٽا جو ٻيهر آڊٽ ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن وڌيڪ خودڪار صفائي لاءِ نئون ورڪ فلو مقرر ڪري سگهجي. سٺي معيار واري بنيادي ڊيٽا جو تعلق "ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ثقافت" سان آهي ۽ ان جي شروعات تنظيم جي مٿئين سطح کان ٿيڻ گهرجي. اهو فقط داخلا واري اسڪرينن تي مضبوط پيمائشي تصديق واري آزمائش لاڳو ڪرڻ جو معاملو ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ ⁠ته اهي ڪيترا به سخت ڇو نه هجن، استعمال ڪندڙ گهڻو ڪري انهن کي چڪما ڏئي سگهن ٿا. انهن تنظيمن لاءِ جيڪي ڊيٽا جو معيار بهتر بڻائڻ چاهين ٿيون، نون مرحلن واري هڪ رهنمائي موجود آهي:<ref>Kimball, R., Ross, M., Thornthwaite, W., Mundy, J., Becker, B. ''The Data Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit'', Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-470-14977-5}}</ref><ref>Olson, J. E. ''Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension", [[Morgan Kaufmann]], 2002. {{ISBN|1-55860-891-5}}''</ref> * [[ڊيٽا ڪيفيت]] واري ثقافت لاءِ اعليٰ سطحي وابستگيءَ جو اعلان ڪريو * انتظامي سطح تي عملن جي نئين جوڙجڪ کي اڳتي وڌايو * ڊيٽا داخلا واري ماحول کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ايپليڪيشنن جي انضمام کي بهتر بڻائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * عملن جي ڪم ڪرڻ جي طريقي کي بدلائڻ لاءِ پيسا خرچ ڪريو * ابتدا کان انتها تائين ٽيم جي آگاهي وڌايو * کاتن جي وچ ۾ سهڪار کي فروغ ڏيو * عوامي طور ڊيٽا ڪيفيت ۾ شانداريت جو خير مقدم ڪيو ويو * مسلسل ڊيٽا ڪيفيت کي ماپيو ۽ بهتر بڻايو ٻين مرحلن ۾ هي شامل آهن: * '''[[پارسننگ]]''': نحوي غلطين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ هڪ پارسر فيصلو ڪندو آهي ته ڊيٽا جي ڪا [[اسٽرنگ]] جائز اسپيسيفڪيشن جي اندر قبول لائق آهي يا نه. هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن پارسر [[گرامر]] ۽ [[ٻولي]] سان ڪم ڪندو آهي. * '''ڊيٽا تبديلي''': ڊيٽا تبديلي ذريعي ڊيٽا کي ان جي موجوده فارميٽ مان ان فارميٽ ڏانهن منتقل ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪو لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشن لاءِ گهربل هوندو آهي۔ هن ۾ قدرن جي تبديلي، ترجمي وارا فنڪشن ۽ عددي قدرن کي گھٽ ۾ گھٽ ۽ وڌ ۾ وڌ حدن سان هم آهنگ ڪرڻ شامل آهي. * '''نقل ختم ڪرڻ''': ٻٽي داخلا جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ اهڙي [[الگورٿم]] جي ضرورت پوندي آهي جيڪو اهو طئي ڪري ته ڇا ڊيٽا ۾ هڪ ئي وجود جون نقل صورتون موجود آهن۔ عام طور تي ڊيٽا کي هڪ اهڙي چاٻي (key) تي ترتيب ڏنو ويندو آهي، جيڪا ٻٽي داخلائن کي جلدي سڃاڻپ لاءِ ويجهو آڻي ڇڏي. * '''شمارياتي طريقا''': اوسط (mean)، [[اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن (شماريات)|اسٽينڊرڊ ڊيويئيشن]]، [[رينج (شماريات)|رينج]]، يا [[ڪلسٽر تجزيو|ڪلسٽرنگ]] الگورٿمن جي قدرن جي مدد سان ڊيٽا جو تجزيو ڪري، ماهر اهڙيون قدرون ڳولي سگهي ٿو جيڪيون غير متوقع ۽ تنهن ڪري غلط لڳن. جيتوڻيڪ اهڙي ڊيٽا جي درستگي ڏکيو هوندي آهي ڇاڪاڻ⁠ تہ حقيقي قدر معلوم نه هوندي آهي، پر ان کي اوسط يا ٻين شمارياتي قدرن تي مقرر ڪري حل ڪري سگهجي ٿو. شمارياتي طريقا غائب ملھن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، جن کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قابل قبول ملھن سان بدلائي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪيون عام طور [[ڊيٽا جو واڌارو|ڊيٽا جي واڌاري واري]] الگورٿمن ذريعي حاصل ٿينديون آهن. == نظام == هن نظام جو بنيادي ڪم اهو آهي ته [[خراب ڊيٽا]] کي درست ڪرڻ ۽ ساڳي وقت ڊيٽا کي ايترو ممڪن حد تائين اصل ماخذ پيداڪندڙ نظام جي ويجهو رکڻ جي وچ ۾ توازن قائم ڪيو وڃي۔ اهو اخراج ، لوڊنگ ۽ تبديلي واري معمار لاءِ هڪ چئلينج آهي۔ نظام کي اهڙي جوڙجڪ مهيا ڪرڻ گهرجي، جيڪا ڊيٽا صاف ڪري سگهي، خاصيتي واقعن کي رڪارڊ ڪري سگهي، ۽ [[ڊيٽا گودام]] ۾ ڊيٽا جي معيار کي ماپي ۽ سنڀالي سگهي۔ هڪ سٺو آغاز اها آهي ته تفصيلي [[ڊيٽا پروفائلنگ]] تجزيو ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جي گهربل پيچيدگي طئي ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڪندو ۽ ماخذي نظام يا نظامن ۾ موجوده ڊيٽا معيار بابت پڻ خيال ڏيندو۔ == معيار جون اسڪرينون == ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري نظام جو هڪ حصو تشخيصي فلٽرن جو مجموعو هوندو آهي، جن کي خاصيت وارا اسڪرين چيو ويندو آهي۔ انهن مان هر هڪ ڊيٽا جي وهڪري ۾ هڪ ٽيسٽ لاڳو ڪري ٿي، جيڪا ناڪام ٿيڻ تي غلطي وارن واقعن جي خاڪي ۾ هڪ غلطي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي۔ خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن کي ٽن قسمن ۾ ورهايو ويندو آهي: * ڪالم اسڪرين. انفرادي ڪالم جي جاچ، مثال طور اهڙين غير متوقع قدرن لاءِ جهڙوڪ [[null character|NULL]] values؛ اهڙيون غير عددي قدرون جيڪي عددي هجڻ گهرجن؛ حد کان ٻاهر واريون قدرون وغيره۔ * Structure screens. اهي ساڳئي يا مختلف ٽيبلن ۾ ڪالمن جي وچ ۾ مختلف لاڳاپن (عام طور foreign/primary keys) جي سالمتي جاچڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿينديون آهن۔ اهي انهيءَ لاءِ به استعمال ٿينديون آهن ته ڏٺو وڃي ته ڪنهن ڪالمن جو گروهه ڪنهن ساختي تعريف مطابق جائز آهي يا نه۔ * Business rule screens. ٽنهي قسمن مان سڀ کان وڌيڪ پيچيده ٽيسٽون۔ اهي ڏسن ٿيون ته ڇا ڊيٽا، شايد ڪيترن ئي ٽيبلن ۾، مخصوص ڪاروباري ضابطن تي پوري لهندي آهي يا نه۔ مثال طور، جيڪڏهن ڪنهن گراهڪ کي ڪنهن خاص قسم جو گراهڪ نشان لڳايو ويو آهي، ته پوءِ ان قسم جي گراهڪ بابت مقرر ڪيل ڪاروباري ضابطا به پوري ٿيڻ گهرجن۔ جڏهن quality screen ڪنهن غلطي کي رڪارڊ ڪري ٿي، تڏهن اهو يا ته dataflow process کي روڪي سگهي ٿو، يا خراب ڊيٽا کي target system کان سواءِ ٻي هنڌ موڪلي سگهي ٿو، يا ڊيٽا کي tag ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ آخري اختيار کي بهترين حل سمجھيو ويندو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ پهرئين صورت ۾ هر ڀيري مسئلو ٿيڻ تي ڪنهن کي هٿ سان ان کي سنڀالڻو پوندو آهي، ۽ ٻي صورت ۾ target system مان ڊيٽا غائب رهندي ([[integrity]]) ۽ گهڻو ڪري اهو واضح نه هوندو ته اهڙي ڊيٽا سان آخر ڇا ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ == موجوده اوزارن ۽ عملن تي تنقيد == اڪثر ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ وارن اوزارن ۾ استعمال جي سهولت بابت پابنديون موجود هونديون آهن: * '''منصوبي جو خرچ''': اڪثر ڪري سوين هزارين ڊالرن تائين * '''وقت''': وڏي پيماني واري ڊيٽا صاف ڪرڻ واري سافٽويئر ۾ مهارت حاصل ڪرڻ وقت وٺندڙ آهي * '''سيڪيورٽي''': آڏي-پيمائشي تصديق cross-validation لاءِ معلومات ورهائڻ ضروري هوندي آهي، جنهن سان مختلف نظامن، بشمول حساس ورثي جا نظام، تائين ايپليڪيشن تائين رسد مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي آهي == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو == غلطي واري واقعي جو خاڪو، خاصيت وارن اسڪرينن طرفان پيدا ڪيل سڀني غلطي وارن واقعن جا ريڪارڊ محفوظ ڪندو آهي۔ اهو هڪ غلطي وارو واقعو [[حقيقت واري جدول]] تي مشتمل هوندو آهي، جنهن ۾ ٽن ڊائمينش جدولن ڏانهن [[ٻاھرين ڪي|ٻاھريون چاٻيون (keys)]] هونديون آهن، جيڪي تاريخ (ڪڏهن)، [[بيچ جاب]] (ڪٿي)، ۽ اسڪرين (ڪنهن غلطي پيدا ڪئي) کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون۔ ان ۾ اها معلومات به هوندي آهي ته غلطي صحيح ڪهڙي وقت پيدا ٿي ۽ ان جي سنگيني ڪيتري هئي۔ ان کان علاوه هڪ غلطي واري واقعي جي تفصيلي حقيقت واري جدول به هوندي آهي، جنهن ۾ مکيه جدول table ڏانهن ٻاھرين چاٻي foreign key هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ اها تفصيلي ڄاڻ هوندي آهي ته غلطي ڪهڙي ٽيبل، ريڪارڊ، ۽ فيلڊ ۾ ٿي ۽ غلطي واري حالت ڇا هئي۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[ڊيٽا ايڊيٽنگ]] * [[ڊيٽا انتظام]] * [[ڊيٽا مائننگ]] * [[ڊيٽابيس جي مرمت]] * [[Iterative proportional fitting]] * [[ريڪارڊ ڳانڍاپو]] * [[هڪڙو گراهڪ ڏيک]] * [[ٽرائئنگوليشن (سماجي سائنس)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} == وڌيڪ پڙهو == * {{cite book |last=McKinney |first=Wes |title=Python for Data Analysis |edition=2nd |location=|publisher=O'Reilly |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4919-5766-0 |chapter=Data Cleaning and Preparation |pages=195–224}} * {{cite book |last1=van der Loo |first1=Mark |first2=Edwin |last2=de Jonge |title=Statistical Data Cleaning with Applications in R |location=Hoboken |publisher=Wiley |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-118-89715-7}} * {{cite journal |vauthors=Chicco D, Oneto L, Tavazzi E |title=Eleven quick tips for data cleaning and feature engineering |journal=PLOS Computational Biology |volume=18 |issue=12 |article-number=e1010718 |date=December 2022 |pmid=36520712 |pmc=9754225 |s2cid= 254733288 |doi= 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010718 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022PLSCB..18E0718C }} * {{citation |author=Chu, X. |author2=Ilyas, I. F. |author3=Krishnan, S. |author4=Wang, J. |title=Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data |year=2016 |chapter=Data Cleaning |pages=2201–2206 |publisher=ACM |doi=10.1145/2882903.2912574|isbn=978-1-4503-3531-7 }} * {{citation |author=Côté, P.-O. |author2=Nikanjam, A. |author3=Ahmed, N. |author4=Humeniuk, D. |author5=Khomh, F. |year=2024 |title=Data cleaning and machine learning: a systematic literature review |journal=Automated Software Engineering |volume=31 |issue=2 |publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC |doi=10.1007/s10515-024-00453-w|arxiv=2310.01765 }} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100313055016/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/78230/Data_Scrubbing ''Computerworld: Data Scrubbing''] (February 10, 2003) [[زمرو:ڊيٽا]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا جو معيار]] f7kgsir228q7bq0no29b9or7952qvrn 0 95063 375366 372114 2026-05-02T12:58:15Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڊيٽابيس]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''جدول (ڊيٽا بيس)''', '''Table (Database)''': هڪ [[ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، '''ٽيبل''' اهڙي لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو مجموعو آهي جيڪو [[جدول (ڄاڻ)|جدول فارميٽ]] ۾ ترتيب ڏنل هوندو آهي (جنهن ۾ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالم]] ۽ [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارون]] شامل هونديون آهن)۔ [[رليشن ڊيٽابيس|رليشن ڊيٽابيسن]] ۽ [[فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيس|فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيسن]] ۾، ''جدول'' ڊيٽا عنصرن (قدرن) جو هڪ مجموعو هوندو آهي، جيڪو عمودي [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] (جن کي نالن سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو) ۽ افقي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] جي ماڊل تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي، {{anchor|CellDef}}جتي [[سيل (ڊيٽابيس)|سيل]] اها بنيادي اکائي هوندي آهي جتي قطار ۽ ڪالم هڪ ٻئي کي ملن ٿا۔<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|cell|access-date=10 August 2025}} </ref> هڪ ٽيبل وٽ ڪالمن جو هڪ مقرر تعداد هوندو آهي، پر ان ۾ قطارن جو تعداد ڪيترو به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web|title= SQL Guide: Tables, rows, and columns|url= http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/soliddb/v6r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.swg.im.soliddb.sql.doc/doc/tables.rows.and.columns.html|work= IBM|access-date= 11 December 2013}}</ref> هر قطار کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قدرن ذريعي سڃاتو ويندو آهي، جيڪي ڪنهن خاص ڪالم جي ذيلي سيٽ ۾ ظاهر ٿين ٿا۔ اهڙي ڪالمن جي چونڊ جيڪا قطارن کي منفرد طور سڃاڻي، ان کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ "ٽيبل" اصطلاح [[رليشن(ڊيٽابيس)|"رليشن"]] لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ جيتوڻيڪ ٻنهي ۾ فرق آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ٽيبل عام طور قطارن جو هڪ [[ڪثير سيٽ]] (يا ٿيلھو) هوندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رليشن هڪ [[سيٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|سيٽ]] هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ نقل جي اجازت نه هوندي آهي۔ حقيقي ڊيٽا قطارن کان علاوه، ٽيبلن سان عام طور ڪجهه [[ميٽا ڊيٽا]] به لاڳاپيل هوندو آهي، جيئن ٽيبل يا خاص ڪالمن جي قدرن تي [[چڪاسي پابنديون |پابنديون]]۔{{Dubious|reason=Metadata is "data about data". A check constraint doesn't have such property|date=September 2012}} ٽيبل ۾ موجود ڊيٽا لازمي ناهي ته جسماني طور ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ هجي۔ [[منظر (ڊيٽابيس)|منظر]] به تعلقاتي ٽيبلن وانگر ڪم ڪن ٿا، پر انهن جي ڊيٽا سوال (query) هلائڻ وقت ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهريون ٽيبلون (مثال طور [[آئي بي ايم انفورمڪس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_12.1.0/com.ibm.sqls.doc/ids_sqs_2053.htm | title =خارجي جدول بيان ٺاھيو | website = آء بي ايم ناليج سينٽر | series = آء بي ايم انفارمڪس 12.10 | publisher = آء بي ايم | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ڊيٽا کي پنهنجي ڊيٽابيس ۾ داخل ڪرڻ يا ان مان ڪڍڻ لاءِ۔ توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متن واري فائلن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا تي سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ لاءِ به استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا، جيڪي انفورمڪس ڊيٽابيس جو حصو نه هونديون آهن۔ }} </ref> يا [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/External_table | title = خارجي جدولئ | year = 2015 | website = Oracle FAQ | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = هڪ ٻاهرين ٽيبل اهڙو ٽيبل هوندو آهي جيڪو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس جي اندر محفوظ نه هوندو آهي۔ جڏهن هن ٽيبل تائين رسائي ڪئي ويندي آهي، تڏهن ڊيٽا هڪ فائل مان ايڪسيس ڊرائيور (عام طور ORACLE_LOADER) ذريعي لوڊ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهرين ٽيبل کي هڪ ويُو وانگر به سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪو فائل سسٽم ۾ موجود فائلن تي SQL سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو۔ }} </ref><ref> {{cite book | last1 = برائلا | first1 = بوب | last2 = ٿامس | first2 = بجو | title = OCP: Oracle 10g New Features for Administrators Study Guide: Exam 1Z0-040 | date = 20 فيبروري 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XX8qSa1x0G4C | publisher = جان ولي اينڊ سنز | publication-date = 2006 | page = 90 | isbn = 9780782150858 | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = Oracle 9''i'' ۾ ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متعارف ڪرايو ويو [...] جيڪي Oracle ڊيٽابيس مان صرف پڙهڻ (read-only) لاءِ هئا۔ Oracle 10''g'' ۾، توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن تي لکي (write) به سگهو ٿا۔ }} </ref> ۾) به ويُوز وانگر سمجهي سگهجن ٿيون۔ {{anchor|Data frame}}{{anchor|Data table}} ڪيترن ئي شمارياتي نظامن ۾، جهڙوڪ [[آر (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|آر]] ۽ [[پائٿن (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|پائٿن]] جي [[پينڊاس (سافٽويئر)|پينڊاس]]، هڪ '''ڊيٽا فريم''' يا '''ڊيٽا ٽيبل''' هڪ [[ڊيٽا ٽائپ]] هوندي آهي جيڪا ٽيبل جي تجريدي تصور کي سهارو ڏئي ٿي۔ تصوراتي طور، اهو ريڪارڊن يا [[مشاهدو (شماريات)|مشاهدن]] جي فهرست هوندي آهي، جن سڀني ۾ هڪجهڙا فيلڊ يا ڪالم هوندا آهن۔ ان جي عملدرآمد ۾ [[ترتيبوار ڊيٽا بناوٽ|ارريز يا ويڪٽرز]] جي فهرست شامل هوندي آهي، جن مان هر هڪ جو نالو هوندو آهي۔ == ٽيبلون ۽ ريليشنز == [[تعلقاتي ماڊل]] جي لحاظ کان، ٽيبل کي [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)|ريليشن]] جي هڪ آسان نمائندگي سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، پر اهي مڪمل طور هڪجهڙا ناهن۔ مثال طور، هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون ٿي سگهن ٿيون، جڏهن⁠تہ حقيقي ريليشن ۾ اهڙي نقل جي اجازت ناهي، جن کي [[ٽوپل]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ساڳئي طرح، ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ نمائندگي قطارن ۽ ڪالمن جي هڪ ترتيب ظاهر ڪري ٿي، جڏهن⁠تہ ريليشن واضح طور تي بي ترتيب هوندي آهي۔ تنهن هوندي به، ڊيٽابيس نظام قطارن جي ڪا ترتيب جي ضمانت نٿو ڏئي، جيستائين [[order by (SQL)|<code>ORDER BY</code>]] شق [[Select (SQL)|<code>SELECT</code>]] بيان ۾ شامل نه ڪئي وڃي۔ ريليشن جي هڪ ٻي صحيح نمائندگي هڪ ''n''-بعدي [[گراف]] جي صورت ۾ ٿي سگهي ٿي، جتي ''n'' خاصيتن (ڪالمن) جو تعداد هوندو آهي۔ مثال طور، ٻن خاصيتن ۽ ٽن قدرن واري ريليشن کي ٻن ڪالمن ۽ ٽن قطارن واري ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ يا ٽن نقطن واري ٻن-بعدي گراف جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ ٽيبل ۽ گراف جون نمائندگيون تڏهن برابر سمجهيون وينديون آهن جڏهن قطارن جي ترتيب اهم نه هجي ۽ ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون موجود نه هجن۔ == ڀيٽون == === درجي بندي واريون ڊيٽابيسون === غير تعلقاتي نظامن ۾، [[درجي وار ماڊل|درجي بندي واري ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، ٽيبل جو ويجهو متبادل هڪ منظم [[ڪمپيوٽر فائل|فائل]] هوندو آهي، جتي فائل جي هر قطار ٽيبل جي هڪ قطار جي نمائندگي ڪندي آهي ۽ هر قطار ۾ ڪالم شامل هوندا آهن۔ هن جوڙجڪ جو مطلب اهو آهي ته هڪ قطار ۾ ورجاءُ ٿيندڙ معلومات ٿي سگهي ٿي، خاص طور تي چائلڊ ڊيٽا سيگمينٽس ۾۔ ڊيٽا جسماني ريڪارڊن جي ترتيب ۾ محفوظ ٿيندي آهي۔ === اسپريڊشيٽس === [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] جي ابتڙ، ڪنهن ڪالم جو [[ڊيٽا ٽائيپ]] عام طور تي [[منطقي خاڪو|اسڪيما]] ذريعي مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي، جيڪو ٽيبل کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ ڪجهه [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] نظام، جهڙوڪ [[ايس ڪيو لائيٽ]]، ڪالم ڊيٽا ٽائپ جي وضاحتن بابت گهٽ سخت هوندا آهن۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ورچوئل ڪالم]] * [[جدول (ڄاڻ)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} {{Databases}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Table (Database)}} [[زمث:SQL]] [[زمث:Data modeling]] [[زمرو:Relational database management systems]] [[زمرو:Database management systems]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] jo3dbh6ezywdyfxzyllrw168qlzjvcm 375367 375366 2026-05-02T12:58:44Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''جدول (ڊيٽا بيس)''', '''Table (Database)''': هڪ [[ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، '''ٽيبل''' اهڙي لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو مجموعو آهي جيڪو [[جدول (ڄاڻ)|جدول فارميٽ]] ۾ ترتيب ڏنل هوندو آهي (جنهن ۾ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالم]] ۽ [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارون]] شامل هونديون آهن)۔ [[رليشن ڊيٽابيس|رليشن ڊيٽابيسن]] ۽ [[فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيس|فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيسن]] ۾، ''جدول'' ڊيٽا عنصرن (قدرن) جو هڪ مجموعو هوندو آهي، جيڪو عمودي [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] (جن کي نالن سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو) ۽ افقي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] جي ماڊل تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي، {{anchor|CellDef}}جتي [[سيل (ڊيٽابيس)|سيل]] اها بنيادي اکائي هوندي آهي جتي قطار ۽ ڪالم هڪ ٻئي کي ملن ٿا۔<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|cell|access-date=10 August 2025}} </ref> هڪ ٽيبل وٽ ڪالمن جو هڪ مقرر تعداد هوندو آهي، پر ان ۾ قطارن جو تعداد ڪيترو به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web|title= SQL Guide: Tables, rows, and columns|url= http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/soliddb/v6r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.swg.im.soliddb.sql.doc/doc/tables.rows.and.columns.html|work= IBM|access-date= 11 December 2013}}</ref> هر قطار کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قدرن ذريعي سڃاتو ويندو آهي، جيڪي ڪنهن خاص ڪالم جي ذيلي سيٽ ۾ ظاهر ٿين ٿا۔ اهڙي ڪالمن جي چونڊ جيڪا قطارن کي منفرد طور سڃاڻي، ان کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ "ٽيبل" اصطلاح [[رليشن(ڊيٽابيس)|"رليشن"]] لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ جيتوڻيڪ ٻنهي ۾ فرق آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ٽيبل عام طور قطارن جو هڪ [[ڪثير سيٽ]] (يا ٿيلھو) هوندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رليشن هڪ [[سيٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|سيٽ]] هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ نقل جي اجازت نه هوندي آهي۔ حقيقي ڊيٽا قطارن کان علاوه، ٽيبلن سان عام طور ڪجهه [[ميٽا ڊيٽا]] به لاڳاپيل هوندو آهي، جيئن ٽيبل يا خاص ڪالمن جي قدرن تي [[چڪاسي پابنديون |پابنديون]]۔{{Dubious|reason=Metadata is "data about data". A check constraint doesn't have such property|date=September 2012}} ٽيبل ۾ موجود ڊيٽا لازمي ناهي ته جسماني طور ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ هجي۔ [[منظر (ڊيٽابيس)|منظر]] به تعلقاتي ٽيبلن وانگر ڪم ڪن ٿا، پر انهن جي ڊيٽا سوال (query) هلائڻ وقت ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهريون ٽيبلون (مثال طور [[آئي بي ايم انفورمڪس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_12.1.0/com.ibm.sqls.doc/ids_sqs_2053.htm | title =خارجي جدول بيان ٺاھيو | website = آء بي ايم ناليج سينٽر | series = آء بي ايم انفارمڪس 12.10 | publisher = آء بي ايم | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ڊيٽا کي پنهنجي ڊيٽابيس ۾ داخل ڪرڻ يا ان مان ڪڍڻ لاءِ۔ توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متن واري فائلن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا تي سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ لاءِ به استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا، جيڪي انفورمڪس ڊيٽابيس جو حصو نه هونديون آهن۔ }} </ref> يا [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/External_table | title = خارجي جدولئ | year = 2015 | website = Oracle FAQ | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = هڪ ٻاهرين ٽيبل اهڙو ٽيبل هوندو آهي جيڪو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس جي اندر محفوظ نه هوندو آهي۔ جڏهن هن ٽيبل تائين رسائي ڪئي ويندي آهي، تڏهن ڊيٽا هڪ فائل مان ايڪسيس ڊرائيور (عام طور ORACLE_LOADER) ذريعي لوڊ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهرين ٽيبل کي هڪ ويُو وانگر به سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪو فائل سسٽم ۾ موجود فائلن تي SQL سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو۔ }} </ref><ref> {{cite book | last1 = برائلا | first1 = بوب | last2 = ٿامس | first2 = بجو | title = OCP: Oracle 10g New Features for Administrators Study Guide: Exam 1Z0-040 | date = 20 فيبروري 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XX8qSa1x0G4C | publisher = جان ولي اينڊ سنز | publication-date = 2006 | page = 90 | isbn = 9780782150858 | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = Oracle 9''i'' ۾ ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متعارف ڪرايو ويو [...] جيڪي Oracle ڊيٽابيس مان صرف پڙهڻ (read-only) لاءِ هئا۔ Oracle 10''g'' ۾، توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن تي لکي (write) به سگهو ٿا۔ }} </ref> ۾) به ويُوز وانگر سمجهي سگهجن ٿيون۔ {{anchor|Data frame}}{{anchor|Data table}} ڪيترن ئي شمارياتي نظامن ۾، جهڙوڪ [[آر (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|آر]] ۽ [[پائٿن (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|پائٿن]] جي [[پينڊاس (سافٽويئر)|پينڊاس]]، هڪ '''ڊيٽا فريم''' يا '''ڊيٽا ٽيبل''' هڪ [[ڊيٽا ٽائپ]] هوندي آهي جيڪا ٽيبل جي تجريدي تصور کي سهارو ڏئي ٿي۔ تصوراتي طور، اهو ريڪارڊن يا [[مشاهدو (شماريات)|مشاهدن]] جي فهرست هوندي آهي، جن سڀني ۾ هڪجهڙا فيلڊ يا ڪالم هوندا آهن۔ ان جي عملدرآمد ۾ [[ترتيبوار ڊيٽا بناوٽ|ارريز يا ويڪٽرز]] جي فهرست شامل هوندي آهي، جن مان هر هڪ جو نالو هوندو آهي۔ == ٽيبلون ۽ ريليشنز == [[تعلقاتي ماڊل]] جي لحاظ کان، ٽيبل کي [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)|ريليشن]] جي هڪ آسان نمائندگي سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، پر اهي مڪمل طور هڪجهڙا ناهن۔ مثال طور، هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون ٿي سگهن ٿيون، جڏهن⁠تہ حقيقي ريليشن ۾ اهڙي نقل جي اجازت ناهي، جن کي [[ٽوپل]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ساڳئي طرح، ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ نمائندگي قطارن ۽ ڪالمن جي هڪ ترتيب ظاهر ڪري ٿي، جڏهن⁠تہ ريليشن واضح طور تي بي ترتيب هوندي آهي۔ تنهن هوندي به، ڊيٽابيس نظام قطارن جي ڪا ترتيب جي ضمانت نٿو ڏئي، جيستائين [[order by (SQL)|<code>ORDER BY</code>]] شق [[Select (SQL)|<code>SELECT</code>]] بيان ۾ شامل نه ڪئي وڃي۔ ريليشن جي هڪ ٻي صحيح نمائندگي هڪ ''n''-بعدي [[گراف]] جي صورت ۾ ٿي سگهي ٿي، جتي ''n'' خاصيتن (ڪالمن) جو تعداد هوندو آهي۔ مثال طور، ٻن خاصيتن ۽ ٽن قدرن واري ريليشن کي ٻن ڪالمن ۽ ٽن قطارن واري ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ يا ٽن نقطن واري ٻن-بعدي گراف جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ ٽيبل ۽ گراف جون نمائندگيون تڏهن برابر سمجهيون وينديون آهن جڏهن قطارن جي ترتيب اهم نه هجي ۽ ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون موجود نه هجن۔ == ڀيٽون == === درجي بندي واريون ڊيٽابيسون === غير تعلقاتي نظامن ۾، [[درجي وار ماڊل|درجي بندي واري ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، ٽيبل جو ويجهو متبادل هڪ منظم [[ڪمپيوٽر فائل|فائل]] هوندو آهي، جتي فائل جي هر قطار ٽيبل جي هڪ قطار جي نمائندگي ڪندي آهي ۽ هر قطار ۾ ڪالم شامل هوندا آهن۔ هن جوڙجڪ جو مطلب اهو آهي ته هڪ قطار ۾ ورجاءُ ٿيندڙ معلومات ٿي سگهي ٿي، خاص طور تي چائلڊ ڊيٽا سيگمينٽس ۾۔ ڊيٽا جسماني ريڪارڊن جي ترتيب ۾ محفوظ ٿيندي آهي۔ === اسپريڊشيٽس === [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] جي ابتڙ، ڪنهن ڪالم جو [[ڊيٽا ٽائيپ]] عام طور تي [[منطقي خاڪو|اسڪيما]] ذريعي مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي، جيڪو ٽيبل کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ ڪجهه [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] نظام، جهڙوڪ [[ايس ڪيو لائيٽ]]، ڪالم ڊيٽا ٽائپ جي وضاحتن بابت گهٽ سخت هوندا آهن۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ورچوئل ڪالم]] * [[جدول (ڄاڻ)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} {{Databases}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Table (Database)}} [[زمث:SQL]] [[زمث:Data modeling]] [[زمرو:Relational database management systems]] [[زمرو:Database management systems]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] mm1w5ak3b9d82kkoufwfc1lhoc248zo 375368 375367 2026-05-02T12:59:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:Database management systems]]; added [[Category:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''جدول (ڊيٽا بيس)''', '''Table (Database)''': هڪ [[ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، '''ٽيبل''' اهڙي لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو مجموعو آهي جيڪو [[جدول (ڄاڻ)|جدول فارميٽ]] ۾ ترتيب ڏنل هوندو آهي (جنهن ۾ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالم]] ۽ [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارون]] شامل هونديون آهن)۔ [[رليشن ڊيٽابيس|رليشن ڊيٽابيسن]] ۽ [[فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيس|فليٽ فائل ڊيٽابيسن]] ۾، ''جدول'' ڊيٽا عنصرن (قدرن) جو هڪ مجموعو هوندو آهي، جيڪو عمودي [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] (جن کي نالن سان سڃاتو وڃي ٿو) ۽ افقي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] جي ماڊل تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي، {{anchor|CellDef}}جتي [[سيل (ڊيٽابيس)|سيل]] اها بنيادي اکائي هوندي آهي جتي قطار ۽ ڪالم هڪ ٻئي کي ملن ٿا۔<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|cell|access-date=10 August 2025}} </ref> هڪ ٽيبل وٽ ڪالمن جو هڪ مقرر تعداد هوندو آهي، پر ان ۾ قطارن جو تعداد ڪيترو به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web|title= SQL Guide: Tables, rows, and columns|url= http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/soliddb/v6r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.swg.im.soliddb.sql.doc/doc/tables.rows.and.columns.html|work= IBM|access-date= 11 December 2013}}</ref> هر قطار کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ قدرن ذريعي سڃاتو ويندو آهي، جيڪي ڪنهن خاص ڪالم جي ذيلي سيٽ ۾ ظاهر ٿين ٿا۔ اهڙي ڪالمن جي چونڊ جيڪا قطارن کي منفرد طور سڃاڻي، ان کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ "ٽيبل" اصطلاح [[رليشن(ڊيٽابيس)|"رليشن"]] لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿيندو آهي؛ جيتوڻيڪ ٻنهي ۾ فرق آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ٽيبل عام طور قطارن جو هڪ [[ڪثير سيٽ]] (يا ٿيلھو) هوندو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رليشن هڪ [[سيٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|سيٽ]] هوندي آهي ۽ ان ۾ نقل جي اجازت نه هوندي آهي۔ حقيقي ڊيٽا قطارن کان علاوه، ٽيبلن سان عام طور ڪجهه [[ميٽا ڊيٽا]] به لاڳاپيل هوندو آهي، جيئن ٽيبل يا خاص ڪالمن جي قدرن تي [[چڪاسي پابنديون |پابنديون]]۔{{Dubious|reason=Metadata is "data about data". A check constraint doesn't have such property|date=September 2012}} ٽيبل ۾ موجود ڊيٽا لازمي ناهي ته جسماني طور ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ هجي۔ [[منظر (ڊيٽابيس)|منظر]] به تعلقاتي ٽيبلن وانگر ڪم ڪن ٿا، پر انهن جي ڊيٽا سوال (query) هلائڻ وقت ڳڻپ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهريون ٽيبلون (مثال طور [[آئي بي ايم انفورمڪس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSGU8G_12.1.0/com.ibm.sqls.doc/ids_sqs_2053.htm | title =خارجي جدول بيان ٺاھيو | website = آء بي ايم ناليج سينٽر | series = آء بي ايم انفارمڪس 12.10 | publisher = آء بي ايم | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا ڊيٽا کي پنهنجي ڊيٽابيس ۾ داخل ڪرڻ يا ان مان ڪڍڻ لاءِ۔ توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متن واري فائلن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا تي سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ لاءِ به استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا، جيڪي انفورمڪس ڊيٽابيس جو حصو نه هونديون آهن۔ }} </ref> يا [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/External_table | title = خارجي جدولئ | year = 2015 | website = Oracle FAQ | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = هڪ ٻاهرين ٽيبل اهڙو ٽيبل هوندو آهي جيڪو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس جي اندر محفوظ نه هوندو آهي۔ جڏهن هن ٽيبل تائين رسائي ڪئي ويندي آهي، تڏهن ڊيٽا هڪ فائل مان ايڪسيس ڊرائيور (عام طور ORACLE_LOADER) ذريعي لوڊ ڪئي ويندي آهي۔ ٻاهرين ٽيبل کي هڪ ويُو وانگر به سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪو فائل سسٽم ۾ موجود فائلن تي SQL سوال (ڪوئري) هلائڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو۔ }} </ref><ref> {{cite book | last1 = برائلا | first1 = بوب | last2 = ٿامس | first2 = بجو | title = OCP: Oracle 10g New Features for Administrators Study Guide: Exam 1Z0-040 | date = 20 فيبروري 2006 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XX8qSa1x0G4C | publisher = جان ولي اينڊ سنز | publication-date = 2006 | page = 90 | isbn = 9780782150858 | access-date = 2015-08-14 | quote = Oracle 9''i'' ۾ ٻاهرين ٽيبلن کي متعارف ڪرايو ويو [...] جيڪي Oracle ڊيٽابيس مان صرف پڙهڻ (read-only) لاءِ هئا۔ Oracle 10''g'' ۾، توهان ٻاهرين ٽيبلن تي لکي (write) به سگهو ٿا۔ }} </ref> ۾) به ويُوز وانگر سمجهي سگهجن ٿيون۔ {{anchor|Data frame}}{{anchor|Data table}} ڪيترن ئي شمارياتي نظامن ۾، جهڙوڪ [[آر (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|آر]] ۽ [[پائٿن (پروگرامنگ ٻولي)|پائٿن]] جي [[پينڊاس (سافٽويئر)|پينڊاس]]، هڪ '''ڊيٽا فريم''' يا '''ڊيٽا ٽيبل''' هڪ [[ڊيٽا ٽائپ]] هوندي آهي جيڪا ٽيبل جي تجريدي تصور کي سهارو ڏئي ٿي۔ تصوراتي طور، اهو ريڪارڊن يا [[مشاهدو (شماريات)|مشاهدن]] جي فهرست هوندي آهي، جن سڀني ۾ هڪجهڙا فيلڊ يا ڪالم هوندا آهن۔ ان جي عملدرآمد ۾ [[ترتيبوار ڊيٽا بناوٽ|ارريز يا ويڪٽرز]] جي فهرست شامل هوندي آهي، جن مان هر هڪ جو نالو هوندو آهي۔ == ٽيبلون ۽ ريليشنز == [[تعلقاتي ماڊل]] جي لحاظ کان، ٽيبل کي [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)|ريليشن]] جي هڪ آسان نمائندگي سمجهي سگهجي ٿو، پر اهي مڪمل طور هڪجهڙا ناهن۔ مثال طور، هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون ٿي سگهن ٿيون، جڏهن⁠تہ حقيقي ريليشن ۾ اهڙي نقل جي اجازت ناهي، جن کي [[ٽوپل]] چيو ويندو آهي۔ ساڳئي طرح، ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ نمائندگي قطارن ۽ ڪالمن جي هڪ ترتيب ظاهر ڪري ٿي، جڏهن⁠تہ ريليشن واضح طور تي بي ترتيب هوندي آهي۔ تنهن هوندي به، ڊيٽابيس نظام قطارن جي ڪا ترتيب جي ضمانت نٿو ڏئي، جيستائين [[order by (SQL)|<code>ORDER BY</code>]] شق [[Select (SQL)|<code>SELECT</code>]] بيان ۾ شامل نه ڪئي وڃي۔ ريليشن جي هڪ ٻي صحيح نمائندگي هڪ ''n''-بعدي [[گراف]] جي صورت ۾ ٿي سگهي ٿي، جتي ''n'' خاصيتن (ڪالمن) جو تعداد هوندو آهي۔ مثال طور، ٻن خاصيتن ۽ ٽن قدرن واري ريليشن کي ٻن ڪالمن ۽ ٽن قطارن واري ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ يا ٽن نقطن واري ٻن-بعدي گراف جي صورت ۾ ڏيکاري سگهجي ٿو۔ ٽيبل ۽ گراف جون نمائندگيون تڏهن برابر سمجهيون وينديون آهن جڏهن قطارن جي ترتيب اهم نه هجي ۽ ٽيبل ۾ نقل قطارون موجود نه هجن۔ == ڀيٽون == === درجي بندي واريون ڊيٽابيسون === غير تعلقاتي نظامن ۾، [[درجي وار ماڊل|درجي بندي واري ڊيٽابيس]] ۾، ٽيبل جو ويجهو متبادل هڪ منظم [[ڪمپيوٽر فائل|فائل]] هوندو آهي، جتي فائل جي هر قطار ٽيبل جي هڪ قطار جي نمائندگي ڪندي آهي ۽ هر قطار ۾ ڪالم شامل هوندا آهن۔ هن جوڙجڪ جو مطلب اهو آهي ته هڪ قطار ۾ ورجاءُ ٿيندڙ معلومات ٿي سگهي ٿي، خاص طور تي چائلڊ ڊيٽا سيگمينٽس ۾۔ ڊيٽا جسماني ريڪارڊن جي ترتيب ۾ محفوظ ٿيندي آهي۔ === اسپريڊشيٽس === [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] جي ابتڙ، ڪنهن ڪالم جو [[ڊيٽا ٽائيپ]] عام طور تي [[منطقي خاڪو|اسڪيما]] ذريعي مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي، جيڪو ٽيبل کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ ڪجهه [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] نظام، جهڙوڪ [[ايس ڪيو لائيٽ]]، ڪالم ڊيٽا ٽائپ جي وضاحتن بابت گهٽ سخت هوندا آهن۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[رليشن (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)]] * [[ورچوئل ڪالم]] * [[جدول (ڄاڻ)]] == حوالا == {{Reflist}} {{Databases}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Table (Database)}} [[زمث:SQL]] [[زمث:Data modeling]] [[زمرو:Relational database management systems]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] 3gc0ipxrav3d4ydberckxk1qqoi7fp3 0 95064 375355 372137 2026-05-02T12:37:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:انفارميشن سائنس]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ڪمپيوٽنگ ۾ ڊيٽا جو منظم مجموعو}} {{about|ڪمپيوٽنگ واري تصور بابت|عام تصور جي مثالن بابت|ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون}} {{protection padlock|1=vandalism|small=y}} [[Image:DVD Rental Query.png|thumb|هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] چونڊ بيان ۽ ان جو نتيجو|upright=1.35]] '''ڊيٽابيس'''('''Database'''):[[ڪمپيوٽنگ]] ۾، '''ڊيٽابيس''' [[ڊيٽا (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ڊيٽا]] جو هڪ منظم مجموعو هوندو آهي يا [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] جو هڪ قسم هوندو آهي، جيڪو '''ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم''' ('''DBMS''') جي استعمال تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ اهو [[سافٽويئر]] هوندو آهي، جيڪو [[آخري استعمال ڪندڙ]]ن، [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] ۽ خود ڊيٽابيس سان رابطو ڪري ڊيٽا کي گڏ ڪرڻ ۽ ان جو تجزيو ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۾ اهي بنيادي سهولتون به شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي ڊيٽابيس جي انتظام لاءِ مهيا ڪيون وينديون آهن۔ ڊيٽابيس، ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۽ لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشنن جي گڏيل مجموعي کي '''ڊيٽابيس سسٽم''' چيو وڃي ٿو۔ گهڻو ڪري "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح غير رسمي طور ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس)، ڊيٽابيس سسٽم يا ڊيٽابيس سان لاڳاپيل ڪنهن ايپليڪيشن لاءِ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ان کان اڳ جو ڊيٽا جي ڊجيٽل اسٽوريج ۽ واپسي عام ٿي وڃي، [[انڊيڪس ڪارڊ]] [[ڊيٽا اسٽوريج]] لاءِ مختلف قسمن جي استعمالن ۽ ماحولن ۾ ڪم ايندا هئا: گهرن ۾ ترڪيبون، خريداري جون فهرستون، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ ٻي تنظيمي ڄاڻ محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ؛ ڪاروبار ۾ پيشڪشيءَ جا نوٽ، منصوبي بابت تحقيق ۽ نوٽس، ۽ رابطي جي معلومات لاءِ؛ اسڪولن ۾ فليش ڪارڊن يا ٻين بصري مددن طور؛ ۽ علمي تحقيق ۾ اهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ جهڙوڪ ڪتابي حوالا يا [[ڪارڊ فائيل]] ۾ نوٽس۔ پيشورانه ڪتابي اشاريه ٺاهيندڙ ڪتابن جا اشاريه تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ انڊيڪس ڪارڊ استعمال ڪندا هئا، جيستائين 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ انهن جي جاءِ [[انڊيڪسنگ سافٽويئر]] نه ورتي۔ ننڍا ڊيٽابيس [[فائيل سسٽم]] تي محفوظ ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جڏهن⁠تہ وڏا ڊيٽابيس [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪلسٽر]]ن يا [[ڪلاوڊ اسٽوريج]] تي هلن ٿا۔ [[ڊيٽابيس ڊيزائن|ڊيٽابيسن جي جوڙجڪ]] ۾ رسمي طريقا ۽ عملي پهلو ٻئي شامل هوندا آهن، جن ۾ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]]، ڊيٽا جي اثرائتي نمائندگي ۽ اسٽوريج، [[ڪوئري ٻوليون]]، حساس ڊيٽا جي [[ڊيٽابيس سيڪيورٽي|سيڪيورٽي]] ۽ [[معلوماتي رازداري|رازداري]]، ۽ [[ورهايل ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جا مسئلا شامل آهن، جن ۾ [[هم وقت ڪمپيوٽنگ|هم وقت]] رسائي ۽ [[خرابي-برداشت]] جي سهڪار جهڙا معاملا پڻ شامل آهن۔ [[ڪمپيوٽر سائنسدان]] ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽمن کي انهن [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]]ن جي بنياد تي درجا بندي ڪري سگهن ٿا، جن کي اهي سهارو ڏين ٿا۔ [[تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غالب ٿي ويا۔ اهي ڊيٽا کي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] ۽ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] جي صورت ۾، [[ٽيبل (ڊيٽابيس)|ٽيبلن]] جي هڪ سلسلي اندر ترتيب ڏين ٿا، ۽ انهن مان وڏي اڪثريت ڊيٽا لکڻ ۽ ان بابت سوال ڪرڻ لاءِ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] استعمال ڪري ٿي۔ 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غير تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس مشهور ٿيا، جن کي گڏيل طور [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] چيو وڃي ٿو، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي مختلف [[پڇاڳاڇا واريون ٻوليون]] استعمال ڪن ٿا۔ ==اصطلاحي وضاحت ۽ جائزو== رسمي طور تي، "ڊيٽابيس" مان مراد لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو اهڙو مجموعو آهي، جنهن تائين رسائي هڪ "ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم" (DBMS) جي ذريعي حاصل ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪو [[ڪمپيوٽر سافٽويئر]] جو هڪ گڏيل نظام آهي، جيڪو [[استعمال ڪندڙ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|استعمال ڪندڙن]] کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڊيٽابيسن سان رابطو ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو ۽ ڊيٽابيس ۾ موجود سموري ڊيٽا تائين رسائي فراهم ڪري ٿو (جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه پابنديون ٿي سگهن ٿيون جيڪي مخصوص ڊيٽا تائين رسائي کي محدود ڪن). ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙا مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪري ٿو جيڪي وڏي مقدار ۾ معلومات جي داخلا، ذخيرو ڪرڻ ۽ واپس حاصل ڪرڻ کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا ۽ ان معلومات کي منظم ڪرڻ جا طريقا فراهم ڪن ٿا. انهن ٻنهي جي ويجهي لاڳاپي سبب، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر غيررسمي طور تي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان کي سنڀاليندڙ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. پيشاور [[معلوماتي ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي دنيا کان ٻاهر، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر ڪنهن به لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جي مجموعي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (جهڙوڪ [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] يا ڪارڊ انڊيڪس)، ڇاڪاڻ ته سائيز ۽ استعمال جون گهرجون عام طور تي ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم جي استعمال کي ضروري بڻائين ٿيون.{{sfn|Ullman|Widom|1997|p=1}} موجوده ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪن ٿا جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جي ڊيٽا جي انتظام کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا، جن کي چار بنيادي فعالي گروپن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: * '''ڊيٽا جي تعريف''' – اهڙين وضاحتن جي تخليق، تبديلي ۽ خاتمو، جيڪي بيان ڪن ٿيون ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيئن ترتيب ڏنو ويندو. * '''اپڊيٽ''' – خود ڊيٽا جي داخلا، تبديلي ۽ حذف ڪرڻ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update|title=Update Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065959/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update |archive-date= Feb 25, 2024 }}</ref> * '''واپسي حاصل ڪرڻ''' – مخصوص معيارن مطابق ڊيٽا چونڊڻ (مثال طور سوال، درجي بندي ۾ جاءِ، يا ٻين ڊيٽا سان لاڳاپي جي بنياد تي) ۽ ان ڊيٽا کي سڌو استعمال ڪندڙ کي مهيا ڪرڻ، يا ان کي وڌيڪ پروسيسنگ لاءِ ڊيٽابيس پاڻ يا ٻين ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ دستياب بڻائڻ. حاصل ڪيل ڊيٽا کي بغير تبديلي جي سڌي صورت ۾ مهيا ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيئن اهو ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ آهي، يا نئين صورت ۾ جيڪا ان کي تبديل ڪري يا ٻين موجود ڊيٽا سان گڏائي حاصل ڪئي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval|title=Retrieval Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230627174611/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval |archive-date= Jun 27, 2023 }}</ref> * '''انتظام''' – استعمال ڪندڙن جي رجسٽريشن ۽ نگراني، ڊيٽا جي حفاظت جو نفاذ، ڪارڪردگي جي نگراني، ڊيٽا جي سالميت کي برقرار رکڻ، گڏيل رسائي جي ڪنٽرول سان لاڳاپيل معاملن کي سنڀالڻ، ۽ اهڙي معلومات کي بحال ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪنهن حادثي جهڙوڪ اوچتي نظامي ناڪامي سبب خراب ٿي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration|title=Administration Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206055116/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration |archive-date= Dec 6, 2023 }}</ref> ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جو ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي هڪ مخصوص [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]] جي اصولن تي عمل ڪن ٿا.{{sfn|Tsitchizris| Lochovsky| 1982}} "ڊيٽابيس سسٽم" مان مراد گڏيل طور تي ڊيٽابيس ماڊل، ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم، ۽ ڊيٽابيس آهي.{{sfn|Beynon-Davies|2003}} جسماني طور تي، ڊيٽابيس [[سرور (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|سرور]] اهڙا خاص ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن جيڪي اصل ڊيٽابيسن کي محفوظ ڪن ٿا ۽ صرف ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ۽ ان سان لاڳاپيل سافٽويئر هلائين ٿا. ڊيٽابيس سرور عام طور تي [[ملٽي پروسيسر]] ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن، جن وٽ وڏي ميموري ۽ [[ريڊ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ريڊ]] (RAID) ڊسڪ ايري مستحڪم ذخيرو لاءِ استعمال ٿيندي آهي. هارڊويئر ڊيٽابيس تيز ڪندڙ، جيڪي هڪ يا وڌيڪ سرورن سان تيز رفتار چينل ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن، وڏي مقدار واري [[ٽرانزيڪشن پروسيسنگ سسٽم]] ماحول ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم گهڻن [[ڊيٽابيس ايپليڪيشن]]ن جي مرڪز ۾ هوندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙي ريت ٺهي سگهن ٿا جو اهي هڪ ڪسٽم [[ملٽي ٽاسڪنگ]] [[ڪرنل (آپريٽنگ سسٽم)|ڪرنل]] تي ٻڌل هجن جنهن ۾ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ|ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪنگ]] جي مدد شامل هجي، پر جديد ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم عام طور تي معياري [[آپريٽنگ سسٽم]] تي ڀاڙين ٿا ته جيئن اهي ڪم مهيا ڪيا وڃن.{{citation needed|reason=This has become a mish-mash people's opinion and while boardly accurate may be in places undue and ignored e.g. SAN storage and needs cited rewrite from scrach|date=January 2020}} ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم هڪ اهم [[مارڪيٽ (معاشيات)|مارڪيٽ]] جو حصو آهن، تنهنڪري ڪمپيوٽر ۽ اسٽوريج ٺاهيندڙ ڪمپنيون اڪثر ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي گهرجن کي پنهنجي ترقياتي منصوبن ۾ نظر ۾ رکن ٿيون.{{sfn|Nelson|Nelson|2001}} ڊيٽابيس ۽ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم کي انهن جي سپورٽ ڪيل ڊيٽابيس ماڊلن (جهڙوڪ [[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] يا [[ايڪس ايم ايل]])، انهن ڪمپيوٽرن جي قسمن (جهڙوڪ [[سرور ڪلسٽر]] کان وٺي [[موبائل فون]] تائين)، ڊيٽابيس تائين رسائي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ سوالن جي ٻولين (جهڙوڪ SQL يا [[ايڪس ڪوئري]])، ۽ انهن جي اندروني انجنيئرنگ جي بنياد تي درجابندي ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جيڪا ڪارڪردگي، [[اسڪيليبيليٽي]]، مضبوطي، ۽ حفاظت تي اثر انداز ٿئي ٿي. ==تاريخ== ڊيٽابيسن ۽ انهن سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي سائيزن، صلاحيتن، ۽ ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ درجنن جي حساب سان واڌ ٿي آهي. ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ اهي واڌارا [[مرڪزي پروسيسنگ يونٽ|پروسيسرن]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ياداشت]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ذخيرو]]، ۽ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ]]ن جي شعبن ۾ ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي ترقي سبب ممڪن ٿيا. ڊيٽابيس جو تصور سڌي رسائي وارن [[ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلا|ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلن]]، جهڙوڪ [[هارڊ ڊسڪ ڊرائيو|مقناطيسي ڊسڪن]]، جي ظاهر ٿيڻ سان ممڪن ٿيو، جيڪي 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ڌاري وڏي پيماني تي دستياب ٿيا؛ ان کان اڳ وارا نظام [[مقناطيسي ٽيپ]] تي ڊيٽا جي تسلسلي ذخيريداري تي ڀاڙيندا هئا. ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي پوءِ واري ترقي کي ڊيٽا ماڊل يا ڍانچي جي بنياد تي ٽن دورن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: [[رهنمائي وارو ڊيٽابيس|رهنمائي وارو]]،{{sfn|Bachman|1973}} SQL/[[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس|رليشنل]]، ۽ بعد-رليشنل. شروعاتي ٻن اهم رهنمائي وارن [[ڊيٽا ماڊل]]ن ۾ [[درجاوار ماڊل]] ۽ [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ماڊل ([[نيٽورڪ ماڊل]]) شامل هئا. انهن جي خاصيت اها هئي ته هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپا پيروي ڪرڻ لاءِ [[پوائنٽر (ڪمپيوٽر پروگرامنگ)|پوائنٽرن]] (اڪثر جسماني ڊسڪ پتن) جو استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو. [[رليشنل ماڊل]]، جيڪو پهريون ڀيرو 1970ع ۾ [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] طرفان پيش ڪيو ويو، هن روايت کان الڳ ٿيو، ڇو ته هن زور ڏنو ته [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] کي ڳنڍڻين جي پيروي ڪرڻ بدران مواد جي بنياد تي ڊيٽا ڳولڻ گهرجي. رليشنل ماڊل حساب ڪتاب جي دفتر جهڙين جدولن جا مجموعا استعمال ڪري ٿو، جن مان هر جدول مختلف قسم جي [[ادارو (ڊيٽابيس)|اداري]] لاءِ هوندي آهي. 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين ئي ڪمپيوٽنگ هارڊويئر ايترو سگهارو ٿيو جو رليشنل نظامن (ڊي بي ايم ايس ۽ ايپليڪيشنن سميت) جي وسيع پيماني تي تنصيب ممڪن ٿي سگهي. تنهن هوندي، 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين رليشنل نظام سڀني وڏي پيماني جي [[ڊيٽا پروسيسنگ]] ايپليڪيشنن ۾ غالب ٿي ويا، ۽ {{as of | 2018 | lc = on}} اهي اڃا تائين غالب آهن: [[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]، [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]، [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]]، ۽ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايس ڪيو ايل سرور]] سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳولها ڪيل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] آهن.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pypl.github.io/DB.html|title=TOPDB Top Database index|work=pypl.github.io}}</ref> غالب ڊيٽابيس ٻولي، يعني رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ معياري ٿيل SQL، ٻين ڊيٽا ماڊلن لاءِ ڊيٽابيس ٻولين تي پڻ اثرانداز ٿي آهي.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]] جي تڪليف تي ضابطو آڻڻ لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا، جنهن سبب "بعد-رليشنل" جو اصطلاح وجود ۾ آيو ۽ گڏوگڏ ملي جلي [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]]ن جي ترقي به ٿي. 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ بعد-رليشنل ڊيٽابيسن جي ايندڙ نسل کي [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن تيز [[ڪي-ويليو اسٽور]] ۽ [[دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس]] متعارف ڪرايا. هڪ مقابلي واري "ايندڙ نسل" کي [[نيو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن نوان نفاذ متعارف ڪرايا جيڪي رليشنل/SQL ماڊل کي برقرار رکندا هئا ۽ ساڳئي وقت تجارتي طور موجود رليشنل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] جي مقابلي ۾ NoSQL جهڙي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي حاصل ڪرڻ جو مقصد رکندا هئا. ===1960ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رهنمائي وارو ڊي بي ايم ايس=== {{Further|نيويگيشن واري ڊيٽابيس}} [[File:CodasylB.png|thumb|upright=1.15|رهنمائي واري[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ڊيٽابيس ماڊل جو بنيادي ڍانچو]] ''ڊيٽابيس'' جي اصطلاح جو استعمال سڌي رسائي واري ذخيريداري (ڊسڪ ۽ ڊرم) جي دستيابيءَ سان گڏ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ کان شروع ٿيو. هن اصطلاح ماضيءَ جي ٽيپ-بنياد نظامن جي مقابلي کي ظاهر ڪيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته هاڻي روزاني [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] بدران گڏيل ۽ تعاملي استعمال ممڪن ٿيو. [[آڪسفورڊ انگريزي لغت]] ڪيليفورنيا جي [[سسٽم ڊيولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن]] جي 1962ع واري رپورٽ کي پهريون حوالو ڏئي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "ڊيٽا-بيس" جو اصطلاح هڪ مخصوص فني معنيٰ ۾ استعمال ڪيو ويو.<ref>{{cite web|title=database, n|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/47411|work=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=July 12, 2013|date=June 2013}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref> جڏهن ڪمپيوٽر رفتار ۽ صلاحيت ۾ وڌيا، تڏهن ڪيترائي عام مقصد وارا ڊيٽابيس نظام ظاهر ٿيا؛ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين انهن مان ڪيترائي نظام تجارتي استعمال ۾ اچي چڪا هئا. هڪ معيار بابت دلچسپي وڌڻ لڳي، ۽ اهڙين شين مان هڪ جي ليکڪ [[چارلس بيچمين]]، يعني [[انٽيگريٽيڊ ڊيٽا اسٽور]] (آء ڊي ايس)، [[ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ|ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ]] جو بنياد وڌو، جيڪو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] اندر اهو گروپ هو جيڪو [[ڪاروباري رخ واري پروگرامنگ ٻولي|ڪوبول]] جي تخليق ۽ معياريڪاريءَ جو ذميوار هو. 1971ع ۾ ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ پنهنجو معيار پيش ڪيو، جيڪو عام طور تي ''[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار'' جي نالي سان مشهور ٿيو، ۽ ٿوري ئي وقت ۾ هن طريقيڪار تي ٻڌل ڪيترائي تجارتي پيداوارون مارڪيٽ ۾ اچي ويون. ڪوڊاسل طريقيڪار ايپليڪيشنن کي هڪ ڳنڍيل ڊيٽا مجموعي ۾ رهنمائي سان گهمڻ جي صلاحيت ڏيندو هو، جيڪو هڪ وڏي نيٽورڪ جي صورت ۾ ٺهيل هوندو هو. ايپليڪيشنون ٽن طريقن مان ڪنهن هڪ ذريعي ريڪارڊ ڳولي سگهنديون هيون: #پرائمري ڪي key جي استعمال سان (جنهن کي CALC ڪي چيو ويندو هو، ۽ عام طور تي [[هيش فنڪشن|هيشنگ]] جي ذريعي لاڳو ڪيو ويندو هو) #هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپن (جن کي ''سيٽس'' چيو ويندو هو) جي رهنمائي ڪندي #سڀني ريڪارڊن کي تسلسلي ترتيب سان اسڪين ڪندي پوءِ وارن نظامن ۾ متبادل رسائي جا رستا مهيا ڪرڻ لاءِ [[بي-شجرو]] شامل ڪيا ويا. ڪيترن ئي ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيسن ۾ آخري استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي پڻ شامل ڪئي وئي (جيڪا رهنمائي واري [[ايپليڪيشن پروگرامنگ انٽرفيس|اي پي آء]] کان الڳ هئي). تنهن هوندي، ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيس پيچيده هئا، ۽ ڪارآمد ايپليڪيشنون تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ گهڻي تربيت ۽ ڪوشش جي ضرورت پوندي هئي. [[آئي بي ايم]] وٽ پڻ 1966ع ۾ پنهنجو [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] هو، جيڪو [[معلوماتي انتظامي نظام]] (IMS) جي نالي سان مشهور هو. آء ايم ايس [[اپولو پروگرام]] لاءِ [[سسٽم/360]] تي لکيل سافٽويئر جي هڪ ترقي يافته صورت هئي. آء ايم ايس تصور ۾ عام طور ڪوڊاسل جهڙو هو، پر هن ڊيٽا جي رهنمائي لاءِ ڪوڊاسل جي نيٽورڪ ماڊل بدران هڪ سخت درجاوار ڍانچو استعمال ڪيو. ٻنهي تصورن کي پوءِ ڊيٽا تائين رسائي جي انداز سبب رهنمائي وارا ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو؛ هي اصطلاح بيچمين جي 1973ع جي [[ٽرنگ ايوارڊ]] واري پيشڪش ''دي پروگرامر ايز نيويگيٽر'' سان مشهور ٿيو. آء ايم ايس کي آئي بي ايم هڪ [[درجاوار ڊيٽابيس]] طور درجابند ڪري ٿو. آء ڊي ايم ايس ۽ [[سنڪام سسٽم|سنڪام نظامن]] جي [[سنڪام سسٽم#1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو|ٽوٽل]] ڊيٽابيسن کي نيٽورڪ ڊيٽابيس چيو وڃي ٿو. 2014 وارو آء ايم ايس اڃا تائين استعمال ۾ آهي.<ref>{{cite web|last=IBM Corporation|title=IBM Information Management System (IMS) 13 Transaction and Database Servers delivers high performance and low total cost of ownership|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS213-381|access-date=Feb 20, 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> ===1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رليشنل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم=== [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] [[سان جوزي، ڪيليفورنيا]] ۾ آئي بي ايم ۾ ڪم ڪندو هو، هڪ اهڙي آفيس ۾ جيڪا بنيادي طور [[هارڊ ڊسڪ]] نظامن جي ترقيءَ ۾ مصروف هئي.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} هو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار جي رهنمائي واري ماڊل کان مطمئن نه هو، خاص طور تي "ڳولا" واري سهولت جي کوٽ سبب. 1970ع ۾، هن ڪيترائي مقالا لکيا جن ۾ ڊيٽابيس جي تعمير لاءِ هڪ نئون طريقيڪار بيان ڪيو ويو، جيڪو آخرڪار انقلابي مقالي ''A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks'' تي ختم ٿيو.{{sfn|Codd|1970}} هن مقالي ۾ وڏي ڊيٽابيس کي محفوظ ڪرڻ ۽ ان سان ڪم ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ نئون نظام بيان ڪيو ويو. ڪوڊاسل وانگر آزاد-صورت ريڪارڊن جي ڪنهن قسم جي [[ڳنڍيل فهرست]] ۾ ريڪارڊ رکڻ بدران، ڪوڊ جو خيال اهو هو ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيترين "[[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدولن]]" ۾ منظم ڪيو وڃي، ۽ هر جدول مختلف قسم جي اداري لاءِ هجي. هر جدول ۾ مقرر تعداد جا ڪالم هوندا جيڪي ان اداري جون صفتون رکندا. هر جدول جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڪالمن کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] طور مقرر ڪيو ويندو هو، جنهن جي ذريعي جدول جون قطارون يڪتائي سان سڃاڻپ لائق ٿينديون هيون؛ جدولن جي وچ ۾ حوالا هميشه ڊسڪ پتن بدران انهن پرائمري ڪين جي ذريعي ٿيندا هئا، ۽ سوال انهن اهم لاڳاپن جي بنياد تي جدولن کي جوڙيندا هئا، جنهن لاءِ [[رليشنل ڪيلڪولس]] جي رياضيائي نظام تي ٻڌل عملن جو مجموعو استعمال ٿيندو هو (۽ ماڊل جو نالو به ان مان ئي آيو). ڊيٽا کي نارملائيز ٿيل جدولن (يا ''رليشنز'') جي صورت ۾ ورهائڻ جو مقصد اهو هو ته هر "حقيقت" صرف هڪ ڀيرو محفوظ ٿئي، جنهن سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل سادا ٿين. ڪوڊ ماڊل کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ رياضيائي اصطلاح استعمال ڪيا: relations، tuples، ۽ domains؛ جدول، قطار، ۽ ڪالم وارا اصطلاح پوءِ واري نفاذ مان مشهور ٿيا. ڪوڊ بعد ۾ ان لاڙو تي تنقيد به ڪئي ته عملي نفاذ ان رياضيائي بنيادن کان هٽي ويا جن تي ماڊل بيٺل هو. [[File:Relational key SVG.svg|thumb|[[رليشنل ماڊل]] ۾ ريڪارڊ "ڳنڍيا" ويندا آهن اهڙين مجازي ڪين ذريعي جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ نه هونديون آهن، پر ضرورت مطابق ريڪارڊن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ بيان ڪيون وينديون آهن.]] ٽيبلن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران پرائمري ڪين (يعني استعمال ڪندڙ-مرڪوز سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن) جي ذريعي پيش ڪرڻ جا ٻه بنيادي سبب هئا. انجنيئرنگ جي لحاظ کان، ان سان جدولن کي مهانگي ڊيٽابيس ٻيهر ترتيب کان سواءِ منتقل ڪرڻ ۽ نئين سائيز ۾ آڻڻ ممڪن ٿيو. پر ڪوڊ لاءِ معنوي فرق وڌيڪ اهم هو: واضح سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن جي استعمال سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل صاف رياضيائي وصفن سان بيان ڪرڻ آسان ٿيو، ۽ سوالن وارا عمل به [[پهريون-درجي بياني ڪيلڪولس]] جي قائم ٿيل علمي روايت جي بنياد تي بيان ڪري سگهجن ٿا؛ ڇو ته انهن عملن جون رياضيائي خاصيتون صاف آهن، تنهن ڪري سوالن کي ثابتيءَ سان درست نموني ٻيهر لکڻ ممڪن ٿئي ٿو، ۽ اهو ئي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ (query optimization) جو بنياد آهي. درجاوار يا نيٽورڪ ماڊلن جي ڀيٽ ۾ اظهار جي صلاحيت ۾ ڪا گهٽتائي نٿي اچي، جيتوڻيڪ جدولن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا هاڻي ايترا ظاهر نه رهيا. درجاوار ۽ نيٽورڪ ماڊلن ۾ ريڪارڊن کي هڪ پيچيده اندروني ڍانچي رکڻ جي اجازت هوندي هئي. مثال طور، هڪ ملازم جي پگهار جي تاريخ کي ملازم جي ريڪارڊ اندر "ورجائيندڙ گروپ" جي صورت ۾ پيش ڪري سگهجي ٿو. رليشنل ماڊل ۾ نارملائيزيشن جي عمل سبب اهڙين اندروني ڍانچن کي ڪيترين جدولن ۾ رکيل ڊيٽا سان بدلائي ڇڏيو ويو، جيڪي صرف منطقي ڪين سان ڳنڍيل هونديون هيون. مثال طور، ڊيٽابيس نظام جو هڪ عام استعمال اهو آهي ته استعمال ڪندڙن بابت معلومات محفوظ ڪئي وڃي، جهڙوڪ سندن نالو، لاگ ان معلومات، مختلف پتا ۽ فون نمبر. رهنمائي واري طريقيڪار ۾، هي سڀ ڊيٽا هڪ ئي متغير-ڊيگهه واري ريڪارڊ ۾ رکي ويندي هئي. رليشنل طريقيڪار ۾، ڊيٽا کي ''نارملائيز'' ڪري هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ جدول، هڪ پتي واري جدول، ۽ هڪ فون نمبر واري جدول ۾ ورهايو ويندو. انهن اختياري جدولن ۾ ريڪارڊ رڳو تڏهن ٺاهيا ويندا جڏهن حقيقت ۾ پتو يا فون نمبر ڏنل هجي. قطارن/ريڪارڊن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران منطقي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن سان سڃاڻڻ کان علاوه، ڪوڊ اهو به بدلائي ڇڏيو ته ايپليڪيشنون ڪيترن ريڪارڊن مان ڊيٽا ڪيئن گڏ ڪنديون آهن. ان بدران جو ايپليڪيشنون ڳنڍڻين تي هلندي هڪ وقت ۾ هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪن، اهي هاڻ هڪ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جيڪا اهو بيان ڪري ٿي ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا گهرجي، نه ته اها ڪهڙي رسائي واري واٽ سان ملندي. ڊيٽا تائين هڪ ڪارآمد رسائي وارو رستو ڳولڻ جي ذميواري هاڻي ايپليڪيشن پروگرامر بدران ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم تي اچي ٿي. هن عمل کي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ چيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ اهو ان حقيقت تي ڀاڙي ٿو ته سوال رياضيائي منطق جي اصطلاحن ۾ بيان ٿيل هوندا آهن. ڪوڊ جي مقالي مختلف يونيورسٽين جي ٽيمن کي هن موضوع تي تحقيق لاءِ متاثر ڪيو، جن ۾ [[يونيورسٽي آف ڪيليفورنيا، برڪلي]]{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} جي اها ٽيم به شامل هئي جنهن جي اڳواڻي [[يوجين وونگ]] ۽ [[مائيڪل اسٽون بريڪر]] ڪري رهيا هئا، ۽ جن [[انگريس]] شروع ڪيو، ان فنڊ سان جيڪو اڳ ۾ ئي جغرافيائي ڊيٽابيس منصوبي لاءِ مختص ٿي چڪو هو، ۽ شاگرد پروگرامرن جي ڪوڊ تيار ڪرڻ جي مدد سان. 1973ع کان انگريس پنهنجا پهريان آزمائشي پيداوارون ڏيڻ شروع ڪيون، جيڪي 1979ع تائين عام استعمال لاءِ تقريباً تيار ٿي ويون. انگريس ڪيترن ئي معاملن ۾ [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]] سان ملندڙ هو، جنهن ۾ [[ڊيٽا رسائي]] لاءِ "ٻولي" جو استعمال به شامل هو، جيڪا [[ڪيوئل سوالن واريون ٻوليون|QUEL]] سڏبي هئي. وقت سان گڏ، انگريس ابھرندڙ SQL معيار ڏانهن منتقل ٿي ويو. آئي بي ايم پاڻ به رليشنل ماڊل جا هڪ آزمائشي نفاذ، [[پي آر ٽي وي]]، ۽ هڪ پيداواري نفاذ، [[بزنس سسٽم 12]]، تيار ڪيا، جيڪي هاڻي بند ٿي چڪا آهن. [[هني ويل]] [[ملٽڪس]] لاءِ [[ملٽڪس رليشنل ڊيٽا اسٽور|MRDS]] لکيو، ۽ هاڻي ٻه نوان نفاذ موجود آهن: [[ڊيٽافور|الفورا ڊيٽافور]] ۽ Rel. ٻيا اڪثر DBMS نفاذ، جن کي عام طور ''رليشنل'' چيو ويندو آهي، اصل ۾ SQL DBMS آهن. 1970ع ۾، يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن [[مائيڪرو انفارميشن مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم]] جي ترقي شروع ڪئي{{sfn|Hershey|Easthope|1972}} جيڪا [[ڊيوڊ ايل چائلڊز|ڊي. ايل. چائلڊز]] جي Set-Theoretic Data model تي ٻڌل هئي.{{sfn|North|2010}}{{sfn|Childs|1968a}}{{sfn|Childs|1968b}} يونيورسٽي 1974ع ۾ ڪوڊ ۽ بيچمين جي وچ ۾ هڪ مباحثو پڻ ميزباني ڪيو، جنهن کي پوءِ آئي بي ايم جي بروس لنڊسي هن ريت بيان ڪيو ته "اهي ڄڻ هڪ ٻئي تي وڄون اڇلائي رهيا هئا".<ref name="rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102702562-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> مائيڪرو کي [[آمريڪي محنت کاتو]]، [[آمريڪي ماحولياتي تحفظ ايجنسي]]، ۽ [[يونيورسٽي آف البرٽا]]، [[يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن]]، ۽ [[وين اسٽيٽ يونيورسٽي]] جي محققن پاران تمام وڏن ڊيٽا مجموعن جي انتظام لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. اهو نظام IBM مئن فريم ڪمپيوٽرن تي [[مشيگن ٽرمينل سسٽم]] استعمال ڪندي هلندو هو.<ref name=MICROManual1977>{{cite book |author1=M.A. Kahn |author2=D.L. Rumelhart |author3=B.L. Bronson |date=October 1977 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B4t_NX-QeWDYZGMwOTRmOTItZTg2Zi00YmJkLTg4MTktN2E4MWU0YmZlMjE3 |title=MICRO Information Management System (Version 5.0) Reference Manual |publisher=Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), University of Michigan and Wayne State University}}</ref> اهو نظام 1998ع تائين پيداواري استعمال ۾ رهيو. ===گڏيل طريقيڪار=== {{Main|Database machine}} 1970ع ۽ 1980ع واري ڏهاڪن ۾ اهڙا ڪوششون ڪيون ويون ته ڊيٽابيس نظامن کي گڏيل هارڊويئر ۽ سافٽويئر سان تيار ڪيو وڃي. هن بنيادي فلسفي جو خيال اهو هو ته اهڙي گڏيل صورت گهٽ خرچ تي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي فراهم ڪندي. ان جا مثال [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم/38]]، [[ٽيراڊيٽا]] جي شروعاتي پيشڪش، ۽ [[برٽن لي، انڪ.]] جي ڊيٽابيس مشين هئا. ڊيٽابيس انتظام لاءِ هارڊويئر سهائتا جو هڪ ٻيو طريقيڪار [[انٽرنيشنل ڪمپيوٽرز لميٽيڊ|آءِ سي ايل]] جو [[ڪنٽينٽ ايڊريس ايبل فائل اسٽور|CAFS]] تيز ڪندڙ هو، جيڪو هڪ هارڊويئر ڊسڪ ڪنٽرولر هو ۽ جنهن ۾ پروگرام لائق ڳولا جون صلاحيتون موجود هيون. ڊگهي مدي ۾ اهي ڪوششون عام طور ڪامياب نه رهيون، ڇاڪاڻ ته خاص ڊيٽابيس مشينون عام مقصد وارن ڪمپيوٽرن جي تيز ترقيءَ سان گڏ قدم نٿي کڻي سگهيون. تنهن ڪري اڄڪلهه گهڻا ڊيٽابيس نظام اهڙا سافٽويئر نظام آهن جيڪي عام مقصد وارن هارڊويئر تي عام مقصد واري ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽا ذخيريداري سان هلن ٿا. تنهن هوندي به، هي خيال اڃا به ڪجهه ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[نيٽيذا]] ۽ اوريڪل ([[ايڪساڊيٽا]]) طرفان مخصوص ايپليڪيشنن ۾ جاري رکيو پيو وڃي. ===1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙي، SQL DBMS=== آئي بي ايم، ڪوڊ جي اڳواڻيءَ ۾، هڪ ٽيم ٺاهي جنهن ڪمپني جي اندر ٻين جي مخالفت باوجود هڪ ابتدائي نظام، ''[[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]]''، تي ڪم شروع ڪيو.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} ان جو پهريون نسخو 1974/5ع ۾ تيار ٿيو، ۽ پوءِ گهڻ-جدولي نظامن تي ڪم شروع ٿيو، جن ۾ ڊيٽا کي اهڙي ريت ورهائي سگهجي ٿو جو هڪ ريڪارڊ جي سڀ ڊيٽا (جن مان ڪجهه اختياري به ٿي سگهي ٿي) هڪ ئي وڏي "ٽڪري" ۾ محفوظ ڪرڻي نه پوي. پوءِ وارا گهڻ-استعمال ڪندڙ نسخا 1978ع ۽ 1979ع ۾ گراهڪن پاران آزمائيا ويا، ۽ ان وقت تائين هڪ معياري [[سوالن جي ٻولي]] ــ SQL<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Structured Query Language (SQL)? |url=https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/structured-query-language |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=IBM |quote=In the 1970s, IBM scientists Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce developed and introduced SQL. It originated from the concept of relational models and was initially called structured English query language (SEQUEL) before being shortened to SQL.}}</ref>{{Citation needed|reason=First version of SQL standard was SQL-86 adopted in 1986|date=May 2012}} ــ شامل ٿي چڪي هئي. ڪوڊ جا خيال هاڻي ڪارائتا ۽ ڪوڊاسل کان برتر ثابت ٿي رهيا هئا، جنهن آئي بي ايم کي سسٽم آر جو حقيقي پيداواري نسخو، يعني ''SQL/DS''، ۽ پوءِ ''Database 2'' ([[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]) تيار ڪرڻ ڏانهن ڌڪيو. [[ليري ايلسن]] جو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس (يا سادو ڪري [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]) هڪ مختلف زنجير مان شروع ٿيو، جيڪو آئي بي ايم جي سسٽم آر بابت مقالن تي ٻڌل هو. جيتوڻيڪ Oracle V1 جا نفاذ 1978ع ۾ مڪمل ٿيا، پر Oracle Version 2 ذريعي ئي ايلسن 1979ع ۾ آئي بي ايم کان اڳ مارڪيٽ ۾ پهتو.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320220813/http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=live |title=Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> اسٽون بريڪر پوءِ انگريس مان سکيل سبق استعمال ڪندي هڪ نئون ڊيٽابيس، پوسٽگريس، تيار ڪيو، جيڪو هاڻي [[پوسٽگري ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي نالي سان مشهور آهي. PostgreSQL اڪثر عالمي سطح جي انتهائي اهم ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (مثلاً .org ۽ .info ڊومين نيم رجسٽريون ان کي پنهنجي بنيادي [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] طور استعمال ڪن ٿيون، ۽ ڪيترائي وڏا ڪمپنيون ۽ مالي ادارا پڻ). سوئيڊن ۾ به ڪوڊ جو مقالو پڙهيو ويو ۽ [[ميمر ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي ترقي 1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ۾ [[اپسالا يونيورسٽي]] ۾ ٿي. 1984ع ۾ هن منصوبي کي هڪ آزاد اداري ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويو. هڪ ٻيو ڊيٽا ماڊل، يعني [[ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل]]، 1976ع ۾ ظاهر ٿيو ۽ [[ڊيٽابيس خاڪا سازي]] لاءِ مشهور ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو اڳين رليشنل ماڊل کان وڌيڪ مانوس وضاحت تي زور ڏيندو هو. پوءِ ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل جا جزا رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]] جي تعمير طور شامل ڪيا ويا، ۽ ٻنهي جي وچ ۾ فرق گهٽ اهم رهجي ويو.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} ===1980ع وارو ڏهاڪو، ڊيسڪٽاپ تي=== آئي بي ايم ۽ مختلف سافٽويئر ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[سائبيس]] ۽ [[انفارمڪس ڪارپوريشن]] کان علاوه، 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي تائين گهڻن وڏن ڪمپيوٽر هارڊويئر وڪرو ڪندڙن وٽ پنهنجا ڊيٽابيس نظام موجود هئا، جهڙوڪ [[ڊي اي سي (ڪمپني)|ڊي اي سي]] جو [[وي اي ايڪس آر ڊي بي/وي ايم ايس]].<ref name="rdbmslateryears20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary Session: The Later Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102701921-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> هن ڏهاڪي [[ڊيسڪٽاپ ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جي دور جي شروعات ڪئي. نون ڪمپيوٽرن پنهنجن استعمال ڪندڙن کي [[لوٽس 1-2-3]] جهڙيون اسپريڊ شيٽون ۽ [[ڊي بيس]] جهڙو ڊيٽابيس سافٽويئر ڏنو. dBASE پيداوار هلڪي ۽ اهڙي هئي جو ڪو به ڪمپيوٽر استعمال ڪندڙ ان کي پهرين ئي استعمال ۾ سمجهي سگهي. [[سي. وين ريٽلف]]، جيڪو dBASE جو خالق هو، چيو ته: "dBASE اهڙن پروگرامن جهڙوڪ BASIC، C، FORTRAN، ۽ COBOL کان مختلف هئي، ڇاڪاڻ ته گهڻو 'گندو ڪم' اڳ ۾ ئي ٿي چڪو هوندو هو. ڊيٽا جي هٿرادو سنڀال dBASE ڪندي هئي، استعمال ڪندڙ نه، تنهن ڪري استعمال ڪندڙ ان ڪم تي ڌيان ڏئي سگهندو هو جيڪو هو ڪري رهيو آهي، بجاءِ ان جي جو فائلن کي کولڻ، پڙهڻ، بند ڪرڻ، ۽ جڳهه جي ورهاست سنڀالڻ جهڙن تفصيلن ۾ ڦاسي پوي."<ref>[http://www.foxprohistory.org/interview_wayne_ratliff.htm Interview with Wayne Ratliff]. The FoxPro History. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> dBASE 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ وڪرو ٿيندڙ سافٽويئر عنوانن مان هڪ هئي. ===1990ع وارو ڏهاڪو، آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز=== هن ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين ڊيٽابيس تقريباً ڏهن سالن ۾ اربين ڊالرن جي صنعت بڻجي چڪا هئا.{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾، [[آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز پروگرامنگ]] جي اڀار سان گڏ، مختلف ڊيٽابيسن ۾ ڊيٽا کي سنڀالڻ جا طريقا به وڌيا. پروگرامر ۽ خاڪا ٺاهيندڙ پنهنجي ڊيٽابيسن جي ڊيٽا کي [[آبجڪٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|آبجڪٽ]] طور ڏسڻ لڳا. يعني جيڪڏهن ڪنهن شخص جي ڊيٽا ڊيٽابيس ۾ هجي، ته ان شخص جون صفتون، جهڙوڪ پتو، فون نمبر، ۽ عمر، هاڻي ان شخص سان وابسته سمجهيون وينديون هيون، نه ڪي غير لاڳاپيل ٻاهرين ڊيٽا طور. ان سان ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا آبجڪٽن ۽ انهن جي [[خاصيت (پروگرامنگ)|خاصيتن]] سان جڙيل ٿي ويا، نه ڪي انفرادي خانن سان.<ref>Development of an object-oriented DBMS; Portland, Oregon, United States; Pages: 472–482; 1986; {{ISBN|0-89791-204-7}}</ref> "[[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]]" جو اصطلاح پروگرام ڪيل آبجڪٽن ۽ ڊيٽابيس جدولن جي وچ ۾ ترجمي جي تڪليف کي بيان ڪري ٿو. [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] ۽ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] هن مسئلي جو حل ڳولڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿا، هڪ آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز ٻولي مهيا ڪري (ڪڏهن SQL جي توسيعن جي صورت ۾) جنهن کي پروگرامر خالص رليشنل SQL جي متبادل طور استعمال ڪري سگهن. پروگرامنگ جي پاسي، [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ميپنگ]] (ORMs) نالي لائبريريون به ساڳئي مسئلي کي حل ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿيون. ===2000ع وارو ڏهاڪو، NoSQL ۽ NewSQL=== {{Main|NoSQL|NewSQL}} [[ڊاٽ ڪام ببل]] دوران ڊيٽابيس وڪرو تيزيءَ سان وڌيا، ۽ ان جي خاتمي کان پوءِ [[اي-ڪامرس]] جي اڀار سان اهو سلسلو جاري رهيو. [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]] جهڙن [[کليل ذريعو]] ڊيٽابيسن جي مقبوليت 2000ع کان پوءِ ايتري وڌي جو اوريڪل جي Ken Jacobs 2005ع ۾ چيو ته "شايد هي ماڻهو اسان سان اهو ڪري رهيا آهن جيڪو اسان آئي بي ايم سان ڪيو هو".{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} [[ايڪس ايم ايل ڊيٽابيس]] هڪ قسم جا منظم دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس آهن، جيڪي [[ايڪس ايم ايل]] دستاويزن جي صفتن جي بنياد تي سوال ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا. XML ڊيٽابيس گهڻو ڪري انهن ايپليڪيشنن ۾ استعمال ٿيندا آهن جتي ڊيٽا کي آساني سان دستاويزن جي مجموعي طور ڏٺو وڃي، ۽ جن جو ڍانچو انتهائي لچڪدار کان وٺي تمام سخت تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو: مثال طور سائنسي مقالا، پيٽنٽ، ٽيڪس گوشوارا، ۽ عملي جا رڪارڊ. [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس اڪثر تمام تيز هوندا آهن،<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=Meghan |title=NoSQL Latency |url=https://www [[زمرو:انفارميشن سائنس]] pjegnc0r1za5v2faupw1ljga443kjbj 375356 375355 2026-05-02T12:38:47Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ڪمپيوٽنگ ۾ ڊيٽا جو منظم مجموعو}} {{about|ڪمپيوٽنگ واري تصور بابت|عام تصور جي مثالن بابت|ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون}} {{protection padlock|1=vandalism|small=y}} [[Image:DVD Rental Query.png|thumb|هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] چونڊ بيان ۽ ان جو نتيجو|upright=1.35]] '''ڊيٽابيس'''('''Database'''):[[ڪمپيوٽنگ]] ۾، '''ڊيٽابيس''' [[ڊيٽا (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ڊيٽا]] جو هڪ منظم مجموعو هوندو آهي يا [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] جو هڪ قسم هوندو آهي، جيڪو '''ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم''' ('''DBMS''') جي استعمال تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ اهو [[سافٽويئر]] هوندو آهي، جيڪو [[آخري استعمال ڪندڙ]]ن، [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] ۽ خود ڊيٽابيس سان رابطو ڪري ڊيٽا کي گڏ ڪرڻ ۽ ان جو تجزيو ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۾ اهي بنيادي سهولتون به شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي ڊيٽابيس جي انتظام لاءِ مهيا ڪيون وينديون آهن۔ ڊيٽابيس، ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۽ لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشنن جي گڏيل مجموعي کي '''ڊيٽابيس سسٽم''' چيو وڃي ٿو۔ گهڻو ڪري "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح غير رسمي طور ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس)، ڊيٽابيس سسٽم يا ڊيٽابيس سان لاڳاپيل ڪنهن ايپليڪيشن لاءِ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ان کان اڳ جو ڊيٽا جي ڊجيٽل اسٽوريج ۽ واپسي عام ٿي وڃي، [[انڊيڪس ڪارڊ]] [[ڊيٽا اسٽوريج]] لاءِ مختلف قسمن جي استعمالن ۽ ماحولن ۾ ڪم ايندا هئا: گهرن ۾ ترڪيبون، خريداري جون فهرستون، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ ٻي تنظيمي ڄاڻ محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ؛ ڪاروبار ۾ پيشڪشيءَ جا نوٽ، منصوبي بابت تحقيق ۽ نوٽس، ۽ رابطي جي معلومات لاءِ؛ اسڪولن ۾ فليش ڪارڊن يا ٻين بصري مددن طور؛ ۽ علمي تحقيق ۾ اهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ جهڙوڪ ڪتابي حوالا يا [[ڪارڊ فائيل]] ۾ نوٽس۔ پيشورانه ڪتابي اشاريه ٺاهيندڙ ڪتابن جا اشاريه تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ انڊيڪس ڪارڊ استعمال ڪندا هئا، جيستائين 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ انهن جي جاءِ [[انڊيڪسنگ سافٽويئر]] نه ورتي۔ ننڍا ڊيٽابيس [[فائيل سسٽم]] تي محفوظ ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جڏهن⁠تہ وڏا ڊيٽابيس [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪلسٽر]]ن يا [[ڪلاوڊ اسٽوريج]] تي هلن ٿا۔ [[ڊيٽابيس ڊيزائن|ڊيٽابيسن جي جوڙجڪ]] ۾ رسمي طريقا ۽ عملي پهلو ٻئي شامل هوندا آهن، جن ۾ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]]، ڊيٽا جي اثرائتي نمائندگي ۽ اسٽوريج، [[ڪوئري ٻوليون]]، حساس ڊيٽا جي [[ڊيٽابيس سيڪيورٽي|سيڪيورٽي]] ۽ [[معلوماتي رازداري|رازداري]]، ۽ [[ورهايل ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جا مسئلا شامل آهن، جن ۾ [[هم وقت ڪمپيوٽنگ|هم وقت]] رسائي ۽ [[خرابي-برداشت]] جي سهڪار جهڙا معاملا پڻ شامل آهن۔ [[ڪمپيوٽر سائنسدان]] ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽمن کي انهن [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]]ن جي بنياد تي درجا بندي ڪري سگهن ٿا، جن کي اهي سهارو ڏين ٿا۔ [[تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غالب ٿي ويا۔ اهي ڊيٽا کي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] ۽ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] جي صورت ۾، [[ٽيبل (ڊيٽابيس)|ٽيبلن]] جي هڪ سلسلي اندر ترتيب ڏين ٿا، ۽ انهن مان وڏي اڪثريت ڊيٽا لکڻ ۽ ان بابت سوال ڪرڻ لاءِ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] استعمال ڪري ٿي۔ 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غير تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس مشهور ٿيا، جن کي گڏيل طور [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] چيو وڃي ٿو، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي مختلف [[پڇاڳاڇا واريون ٻوليون]] استعمال ڪن ٿا۔ ==اصطلاحي وضاحت ۽ جائزو== رسمي طور تي، "ڊيٽابيس" مان مراد لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو اهڙو مجموعو آهي، جنهن تائين رسائي هڪ "ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم" (DBMS) جي ذريعي حاصل ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪو [[ڪمپيوٽر سافٽويئر]] جو هڪ گڏيل نظام آهي، جيڪو [[استعمال ڪندڙ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|استعمال ڪندڙن]] کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڊيٽابيسن سان رابطو ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو ۽ ڊيٽابيس ۾ موجود سموري ڊيٽا تائين رسائي فراهم ڪري ٿو (جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه پابنديون ٿي سگهن ٿيون جيڪي مخصوص ڊيٽا تائين رسائي کي محدود ڪن). ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙا مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪري ٿو جيڪي وڏي مقدار ۾ معلومات جي داخلا، ذخيرو ڪرڻ ۽ واپس حاصل ڪرڻ کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا ۽ ان معلومات کي منظم ڪرڻ جا طريقا فراهم ڪن ٿا. انهن ٻنهي جي ويجهي لاڳاپي سبب، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر غيررسمي طور تي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان کي سنڀاليندڙ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. پيشاور [[معلوماتي ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي دنيا کان ٻاهر، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر ڪنهن به لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جي مجموعي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (جهڙوڪ [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] يا ڪارڊ انڊيڪس)، ڇاڪاڻ ته سائيز ۽ استعمال جون گهرجون عام طور تي ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم جي استعمال کي ضروري بڻائين ٿيون.{{sfn|Ullman|Widom|1997|p=1}} موجوده ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪن ٿا جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جي ڊيٽا جي انتظام کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا، جن کي چار بنيادي فعالي گروپن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: * '''ڊيٽا جي تعريف''' – اهڙين وضاحتن جي تخليق، تبديلي ۽ خاتمو، جيڪي بيان ڪن ٿيون ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيئن ترتيب ڏنو ويندو. * '''اپڊيٽ''' – خود ڊيٽا جي داخلا، تبديلي ۽ حذف ڪرڻ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update|title=Update Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065959/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update |archive-date= Feb 25, 2024 }}</ref> * '''واپسي حاصل ڪرڻ''' – مخصوص معيارن مطابق ڊيٽا چونڊڻ (مثال طور سوال، درجي بندي ۾ جاءِ، يا ٻين ڊيٽا سان لاڳاپي جي بنياد تي) ۽ ان ڊيٽا کي سڌو استعمال ڪندڙ کي مهيا ڪرڻ، يا ان کي وڌيڪ پروسيسنگ لاءِ ڊيٽابيس پاڻ يا ٻين ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ دستياب بڻائڻ. حاصل ڪيل ڊيٽا کي بغير تبديلي جي سڌي صورت ۾ مهيا ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيئن اهو ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ آهي، يا نئين صورت ۾ جيڪا ان کي تبديل ڪري يا ٻين موجود ڊيٽا سان گڏائي حاصل ڪئي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval|title=Retrieval Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230627174611/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval |archive-date= Jun 27, 2023 }}</ref> * '''انتظام''' – استعمال ڪندڙن جي رجسٽريشن ۽ نگراني، ڊيٽا جي حفاظت جو نفاذ، ڪارڪردگي جي نگراني، ڊيٽا جي سالميت کي برقرار رکڻ، گڏيل رسائي جي ڪنٽرول سان لاڳاپيل معاملن کي سنڀالڻ، ۽ اهڙي معلومات کي بحال ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪنهن حادثي جهڙوڪ اوچتي نظامي ناڪامي سبب خراب ٿي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration|title=Administration Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206055116/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration |archive-date= Dec 6, 2023 }}</ref> ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جو ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي هڪ مخصوص [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]] جي اصولن تي عمل ڪن ٿا.{{sfn|Tsitchizris| Lochovsky| 1982}} "ڊيٽابيس سسٽم" مان مراد گڏيل طور تي ڊيٽابيس ماڊل، ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم، ۽ ڊيٽابيس آهي.{{sfn|Beynon-Davies|2003}} جسماني طور تي، ڊيٽابيس [[سرور (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|سرور]] اهڙا خاص ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن جيڪي اصل ڊيٽابيسن کي محفوظ ڪن ٿا ۽ صرف ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ۽ ان سان لاڳاپيل سافٽويئر هلائين ٿا. ڊيٽابيس سرور عام طور تي [[ملٽي پروسيسر]] ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن، جن وٽ وڏي ميموري ۽ [[ريڊ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ريڊ]] (RAID) ڊسڪ ايري مستحڪم ذخيرو لاءِ استعمال ٿيندي آهي. هارڊويئر ڊيٽابيس تيز ڪندڙ، جيڪي هڪ يا وڌيڪ سرورن سان تيز رفتار چينل ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن، وڏي مقدار واري [[ٽرانزيڪشن پروسيسنگ سسٽم]] ماحول ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم گهڻن [[ڊيٽابيس ايپليڪيشن]]ن جي مرڪز ۾ هوندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙي ريت ٺهي سگهن ٿا جو اهي هڪ ڪسٽم [[ملٽي ٽاسڪنگ]] [[ڪرنل (آپريٽنگ سسٽم)|ڪرنل]] تي ٻڌل هجن جنهن ۾ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ|ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪنگ]] جي مدد شامل هجي، پر جديد ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم عام طور تي معياري [[آپريٽنگ سسٽم]] تي ڀاڙين ٿا ته جيئن اهي ڪم مهيا ڪيا وڃن.{{citation needed|reason=This has become a mish-mash people's opinion and while boardly accurate may be in places undue and ignored e.g. SAN storage and needs cited rewrite from scrach|date=January 2020}} ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم هڪ اهم [[مارڪيٽ (معاشيات)|مارڪيٽ]] جو حصو آهن، تنهنڪري ڪمپيوٽر ۽ اسٽوريج ٺاهيندڙ ڪمپنيون اڪثر ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي گهرجن کي پنهنجي ترقياتي منصوبن ۾ نظر ۾ رکن ٿيون.{{sfn|Nelson|Nelson|2001}} ڊيٽابيس ۽ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم کي انهن جي سپورٽ ڪيل ڊيٽابيس ماڊلن (جهڙوڪ [[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] يا [[ايڪس ايم ايل]])، انهن ڪمپيوٽرن جي قسمن (جهڙوڪ [[سرور ڪلسٽر]] کان وٺي [[موبائل فون]] تائين)، ڊيٽابيس تائين رسائي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ سوالن جي ٻولين (جهڙوڪ SQL يا [[ايڪس ڪوئري]])، ۽ انهن جي اندروني انجنيئرنگ جي بنياد تي درجابندي ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جيڪا ڪارڪردگي، [[اسڪيليبيليٽي]]، مضبوطي، ۽ حفاظت تي اثر انداز ٿئي ٿي. ==تاريخ== ڊيٽابيسن ۽ انهن سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي سائيزن، صلاحيتن، ۽ ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ درجنن جي حساب سان واڌ ٿي آهي. ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ اهي واڌارا [[مرڪزي پروسيسنگ يونٽ|پروسيسرن]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ياداشت]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ذخيرو]]، ۽ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ]]ن جي شعبن ۾ ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي ترقي سبب ممڪن ٿيا. ڊيٽابيس جو تصور سڌي رسائي وارن [[ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلا|ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلن]]، جهڙوڪ [[هارڊ ڊسڪ ڊرائيو|مقناطيسي ڊسڪن]]، جي ظاهر ٿيڻ سان ممڪن ٿيو، جيڪي 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ڌاري وڏي پيماني تي دستياب ٿيا؛ ان کان اڳ وارا نظام [[مقناطيسي ٽيپ]] تي ڊيٽا جي تسلسلي ذخيريداري تي ڀاڙيندا هئا. ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي پوءِ واري ترقي کي ڊيٽا ماڊل يا ڍانچي جي بنياد تي ٽن دورن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: [[رهنمائي وارو ڊيٽابيس|رهنمائي وارو]]،{{sfn|Bachman|1973}} SQL/[[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس|رليشنل]]، ۽ بعد-رليشنل. شروعاتي ٻن اهم رهنمائي وارن [[ڊيٽا ماڊل]]ن ۾ [[درجاوار ماڊل]] ۽ [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ماڊل ([[نيٽورڪ ماڊل]]) شامل هئا. انهن جي خاصيت اها هئي ته هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپا پيروي ڪرڻ لاءِ [[پوائنٽر (ڪمپيوٽر پروگرامنگ)|پوائنٽرن]] (اڪثر جسماني ڊسڪ پتن) جو استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو. [[رليشنل ماڊل]]، جيڪو پهريون ڀيرو 1970ع ۾ [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] طرفان پيش ڪيو ويو، هن روايت کان الڳ ٿيو، ڇو ته هن زور ڏنو ته [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] کي ڳنڍڻين جي پيروي ڪرڻ بدران مواد جي بنياد تي ڊيٽا ڳولڻ گهرجي. رليشنل ماڊل حساب ڪتاب جي دفتر جهڙين جدولن جا مجموعا استعمال ڪري ٿو، جن مان هر جدول مختلف قسم جي [[ادارو (ڊيٽابيس)|اداري]] لاءِ هوندي آهي. 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين ئي ڪمپيوٽنگ هارڊويئر ايترو سگهارو ٿيو جو رليشنل نظامن (ڊي بي ايم ايس ۽ ايپليڪيشنن سميت) جي وسيع پيماني تي تنصيب ممڪن ٿي سگهي. تنهن هوندي، 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين رليشنل نظام سڀني وڏي پيماني جي [[ڊيٽا پروسيسنگ]] ايپليڪيشنن ۾ غالب ٿي ويا، ۽ {{as of | 2018 | lc = on}} اهي اڃا تائين غالب آهن: [[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]، [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]، [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]]، ۽ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايس ڪيو ايل سرور]] سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳولها ڪيل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] آهن.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pypl.github.io/DB.html|title=TOPDB Top Database index|work=pypl.github.io}}</ref> غالب ڊيٽابيس ٻولي، يعني رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ معياري ٿيل SQL، ٻين ڊيٽا ماڊلن لاءِ ڊيٽابيس ٻولين تي پڻ اثرانداز ٿي آهي.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]] جي تڪليف تي ضابطو آڻڻ لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا، جنهن سبب "بعد-رليشنل" جو اصطلاح وجود ۾ آيو ۽ گڏوگڏ ملي جلي [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]]ن جي ترقي به ٿي. 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ بعد-رليشنل ڊيٽابيسن جي ايندڙ نسل کي [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن تيز [[ڪي-ويليو اسٽور]] ۽ [[دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس]] متعارف ڪرايا. هڪ مقابلي واري "ايندڙ نسل" کي [[نيو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن نوان نفاذ متعارف ڪرايا جيڪي رليشنل/SQL ماڊل کي برقرار رکندا هئا ۽ ساڳئي وقت تجارتي طور موجود رليشنل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] جي مقابلي ۾ NoSQL جهڙي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي حاصل ڪرڻ جو مقصد رکندا هئا. ===1960ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رهنمائي وارو ڊي بي ايم ايس=== {{Further|نيويگيشن واري ڊيٽابيس}} [[File:CodasylB.png|thumb|upright=1.15|رهنمائي واري[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ڊيٽابيس ماڊل جو بنيادي ڍانچو]] ''ڊيٽابيس'' جي اصطلاح جو استعمال سڌي رسائي واري ذخيريداري (ڊسڪ ۽ ڊرم) جي دستيابيءَ سان گڏ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ کان شروع ٿيو. هن اصطلاح ماضيءَ جي ٽيپ-بنياد نظامن جي مقابلي کي ظاهر ڪيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته هاڻي روزاني [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] بدران گڏيل ۽ تعاملي استعمال ممڪن ٿيو. [[آڪسفورڊ انگريزي لغت]] ڪيليفورنيا جي [[سسٽم ڊيولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن]] جي 1962ع واري رپورٽ کي پهريون حوالو ڏئي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "ڊيٽا-بيس" جو اصطلاح هڪ مخصوص فني معنيٰ ۾ استعمال ڪيو ويو.<ref>{{cite web|title=database, n|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/47411|work=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=July 12, 2013|date=June 2013}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref> جڏهن ڪمپيوٽر رفتار ۽ صلاحيت ۾ وڌيا، تڏهن ڪيترائي عام مقصد وارا ڊيٽابيس نظام ظاهر ٿيا؛ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين انهن مان ڪيترائي نظام تجارتي استعمال ۾ اچي چڪا هئا. هڪ معيار بابت دلچسپي وڌڻ لڳي، ۽ اهڙين شين مان هڪ جي ليکڪ [[چارلس بيچمين]]، يعني [[انٽيگريٽيڊ ڊيٽا اسٽور]] (آء ڊي ايس)، [[ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ|ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ]] جو بنياد وڌو، جيڪو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] اندر اهو گروپ هو جيڪو [[ڪاروباري رخ واري پروگرامنگ ٻولي|ڪوبول]] جي تخليق ۽ معياريڪاريءَ جو ذميوار هو. 1971ع ۾ ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ پنهنجو معيار پيش ڪيو، جيڪو عام طور تي ''[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار'' جي نالي سان مشهور ٿيو، ۽ ٿوري ئي وقت ۾ هن طريقيڪار تي ٻڌل ڪيترائي تجارتي پيداوارون مارڪيٽ ۾ اچي ويون. ڪوڊاسل طريقيڪار ايپليڪيشنن کي هڪ ڳنڍيل ڊيٽا مجموعي ۾ رهنمائي سان گهمڻ جي صلاحيت ڏيندو هو، جيڪو هڪ وڏي نيٽورڪ جي صورت ۾ ٺهيل هوندو هو. ايپليڪيشنون ٽن طريقن مان ڪنهن هڪ ذريعي ريڪارڊ ڳولي سگهنديون هيون: #پرائمري ڪي key جي استعمال سان (جنهن کي CALC ڪي چيو ويندو هو، ۽ عام طور تي [[هيش فنڪشن|هيشنگ]] جي ذريعي لاڳو ڪيو ويندو هو) #هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپن (جن کي ''سيٽس'' چيو ويندو هو) جي رهنمائي ڪندي #سڀني ريڪارڊن کي تسلسلي ترتيب سان اسڪين ڪندي پوءِ وارن نظامن ۾ متبادل رسائي جا رستا مهيا ڪرڻ لاءِ [[بي-شجرو]] شامل ڪيا ويا. ڪيترن ئي ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيسن ۾ آخري استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي پڻ شامل ڪئي وئي (جيڪا رهنمائي واري [[ايپليڪيشن پروگرامنگ انٽرفيس|اي پي آء]] کان الڳ هئي). تنهن هوندي، ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيس پيچيده هئا، ۽ ڪارآمد ايپليڪيشنون تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ گهڻي تربيت ۽ ڪوشش جي ضرورت پوندي هئي. [[آئي بي ايم]] وٽ پڻ 1966ع ۾ پنهنجو [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] هو، جيڪو [[معلوماتي انتظامي نظام]] (IMS) جي نالي سان مشهور هو. آء ايم ايس [[اپولو پروگرام]] لاءِ [[سسٽم/360]] تي لکيل سافٽويئر جي هڪ ترقي يافته صورت هئي. آء ايم ايس تصور ۾ عام طور ڪوڊاسل جهڙو هو، پر هن ڊيٽا جي رهنمائي لاءِ ڪوڊاسل جي نيٽورڪ ماڊل بدران هڪ سخت درجاوار ڍانچو استعمال ڪيو. ٻنهي تصورن کي پوءِ ڊيٽا تائين رسائي جي انداز سبب رهنمائي وارا ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو؛ هي اصطلاح بيچمين جي 1973ع جي [[ٽرنگ ايوارڊ]] واري پيشڪش ''دي پروگرامر ايز نيويگيٽر'' سان مشهور ٿيو. آء ايم ايس کي آئي بي ايم هڪ [[درجاوار ڊيٽابيس]] طور درجابند ڪري ٿو. آء ڊي ايم ايس ۽ [[سنڪام سسٽم|سنڪام نظامن]] جي [[سنڪام سسٽم#1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو|ٽوٽل]] ڊيٽابيسن کي نيٽورڪ ڊيٽابيس چيو وڃي ٿو. 2014 وارو آء ايم ايس اڃا تائين استعمال ۾ آهي.<ref>{{cite web|last=IBM Corporation|title=IBM Information Management System (IMS) 13 Transaction and Database Servers delivers high performance and low total cost of ownership|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS213-381|access-date=Feb 20, 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> ===1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رليشنل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم=== [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] [[سان جوزي، ڪيليفورنيا]] ۾ آئي بي ايم ۾ ڪم ڪندو هو، هڪ اهڙي آفيس ۾ جيڪا بنيادي طور [[هارڊ ڊسڪ]] نظامن جي ترقيءَ ۾ مصروف هئي.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} هو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار جي رهنمائي واري ماڊل کان مطمئن نه هو، خاص طور تي "ڳولا" واري سهولت جي کوٽ سبب. 1970ع ۾، هن ڪيترائي مقالا لکيا جن ۾ ڊيٽابيس جي تعمير لاءِ هڪ نئون طريقيڪار بيان ڪيو ويو، جيڪو آخرڪار انقلابي مقالي ''A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks'' تي ختم ٿيو.{{sfn|Codd|1970}} هن مقالي ۾ وڏي ڊيٽابيس کي محفوظ ڪرڻ ۽ ان سان ڪم ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ نئون نظام بيان ڪيو ويو. ڪوڊاسل وانگر آزاد-صورت ريڪارڊن جي ڪنهن قسم جي [[ڳنڍيل فهرست]] ۾ ريڪارڊ رکڻ بدران، ڪوڊ جو خيال اهو هو ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيترين "[[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدولن]]" ۾ منظم ڪيو وڃي، ۽ هر جدول مختلف قسم جي اداري لاءِ هجي. هر جدول ۾ مقرر تعداد جا ڪالم هوندا جيڪي ان اداري جون صفتون رکندا. هر جدول جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڪالمن کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] طور مقرر ڪيو ويندو هو، جنهن جي ذريعي جدول جون قطارون يڪتائي سان سڃاڻپ لائق ٿينديون هيون؛ جدولن جي وچ ۾ حوالا هميشه ڊسڪ پتن بدران انهن پرائمري ڪين جي ذريعي ٿيندا هئا، ۽ سوال انهن اهم لاڳاپن جي بنياد تي جدولن کي جوڙيندا هئا، جنهن لاءِ [[رليشنل ڪيلڪولس]] جي رياضيائي نظام تي ٻڌل عملن جو مجموعو استعمال ٿيندو هو (۽ ماڊل جو نالو به ان مان ئي آيو). ڊيٽا کي نارملائيز ٿيل جدولن (يا ''رليشنز'') جي صورت ۾ ورهائڻ جو مقصد اهو هو ته هر "حقيقت" صرف هڪ ڀيرو محفوظ ٿئي، جنهن سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل سادا ٿين. ڪوڊ ماڊل کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ رياضيائي اصطلاح استعمال ڪيا: relations، tuples، ۽ domains؛ جدول، قطار، ۽ ڪالم وارا اصطلاح پوءِ واري نفاذ مان مشهور ٿيا. ڪوڊ بعد ۾ ان لاڙو تي تنقيد به ڪئي ته عملي نفاذ ان رياضيائي بنيادن کان هٽي ويا جن تي ماڊل بيٺل هو. [[File:Relational key SVG.svg|thumb|[[رليشنل ماڊل]] ۾ ريڪارڊ "ڳنڍيا" ويندا آهن اهڙين مجازي ڪين ذريعي جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ نه هونديون آهن، پر ضرورت مطابق ريڪارڊن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ بيان ڪيون وينديون آهن.]] ٽيبلن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران پرائمري ڪين (يعني استعمال ڪندڙ-مرڪوز سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن) جي ذريعي پيش ڪرڻ جا ٻه بنيادي سبب هئا. انجنيئرنگ جي لحاظ کان، ان سان جدولن کي مهانگي ڊيٽابيس ٻيهر ترتيب کان سواءِ منتقل ڪرڻ ۽ نئين سائيز ۾ آڻڻ ممڪن ٿيو. پر ڪوڊ لاءِ معنوي فرق وڌيڪ اهم هو: واضح سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن جي استعمال سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل صاف رياضيائي وصفن سان بيان ڪرڻ آسان ٿيو، ۽ سوالن وارا عمل به [[پهريون-درجي بياني ڪيلڪولس]] جي قائم ٿيل علمي روايت جي بنياد تي بيان ڪري سگهجن ٿا؛ ڇو ته انهن عملن جون رياضيائي خاصيتون صاف آهن، تنهن ڪري سوالن کي ثابتيءَ سان درست نموني ٻيهر لکڻ ممڪن ٿئي ٿو، ۽ اهو ئي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ (query optimization) جو بنياد آهي. درجاوار يا نيٽورڪ ماڊلن جي ڀيٽ ۾ اظهار جي صلاحيت ۾ ڪا گهٽتائي نٿي اچي، جيتوڻيڪ جدولن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا هاڻي ايترا ظاهر نه رهيا. درجاوار ۽ نيٽورڪ ماڊلن ۾ ريڪارڊن کي هڪ پيچيده اندروني ڍانچي رکڻ جي اجازت هوندي هئي. مثال طور، هڪ ملازم جي پگهار جي تاريخ کي ملازم جي ريڪارڊ اندر "ورجائيندڙ گروپ" جي صورت ۾ پيش ڪري سگهجي ٿو. رليشنل ماڊل ۾ نارملائيزيشن جي عمل سبب اهڙين اندروني ڍانچن کي ڪيترين جدولن ۾ رکيل ڊيٽا سان بدلائي ڇڏيو ويو، جيڪي صرف منطقي ڪين سان ڳنڍيل هونديون هيون. مثال طور، ڊيٽابيس نظام جو هڪ عام استعمال اهو آهي ته استعمال ڪندڙن بابت معلومات محفوظ ڪئي وڃي، جهڙوڪ سندن نالو، لاگ ان معلومات، مختلف پتا ۽ فون نمبر. رهنمائي واري طريقيڪار ۾، هي سڀ ڊيٽا هڪ ئي متغير-ڊيگهه واري ريڪارڊ ۾ رکي ويندي هئي. رليشنل طريقيڪار ۾، ڊيٽا کي ''نارملائيز'' ڪري هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ جدول، هڪ پتي واري جدول، ۽ هڪ فون نمبر واري جدول ۾ ورهايو ويندو. انهن اختياري جدولن ۾ ريڪارڊ رڳو تڏهن ٺاهيا ويندا جڏهن حقيقت ۾ پتو يا فون نمبر ڏنل هجي. قطارن/ريڪارڊن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران منطقي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن سان سڃاڻڻ کان علاوه، ڪوڊ اهو به بدلائي ڇڏيو ته ايپليڪيشنون ڪيترن ريڪارڊن مان ڊيٽا ڪيئن گڏ ڪنديون آهن. ان بدران جو ايپليڪيشنون ڳنڍڻين تي هلندي هڪ وقت ۾ هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪن، اهي هاڻ هڪ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جيڪا اهو بيان ڪري ٿي ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا گهرجي، نه ته اها ڪهڙي رسائي واري واٽ سان ملندي. ڊيٽا تائين هڪ ڪارآمد رسائي وارو رستو ڳولڻ جي ذميواري هاڻي ايپليڪيشن پروگرامر بدران ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم تي اچي ٿي. هن عمل کي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ چيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ اهو ان حقيقت تي ڀاڙي ٿو ته سوال رياضيائي منطق جي اصطلاحن ۾ بيان ٿيل هوندا آهن. ڪوڊ جي مقالي مختلف يونيورسٽين جي ٽيمن کي هن موضوع تي تحقيق لاءِ متاثر ڪيو، جن ۾ [[يونيورسٽي آف ڪيليفورنيا، برڪلي]]{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} جي اها ٽيم به شامل هئي جنهن جي اڳواڻي [[يوجين وونگ]] ۽ [[مائيڪل اسٽون بريڪر]] ڪري رهيا هئا، ۽ جن [[انگريس]] شروع ڪيو، ان فنڊ سان جيڪو اڳ ۾ ئي جغرافيائي ڊيٽابيس منصوبي لاءِ مختص ٿي چڪو هو، ۽ شاگرد پروگرامرن جي ڪوڊ تيار ڪرڻ جي مدد سان. 1973ع کان انگريس پنهنجا پهريان آزمائشي پيداوارون ڏيڻ شروع ڪيون، جيڪي 1979ع تائين عام استعمال لاءِ تقريباً تيار ٿي ويون. انگريس ڪيترن ئي معاملن ۾ [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]] سان ملندڙ هو، جنهن ۾ [[ڊيٽا رسائي]] لاءِ "ٻولي" جو استعمال به شامل هو، جيڪا [[ڪيوئل سوالن واريون ٻوليون|QUEL]] سڏبي هئي. وقت سان گڏ، انگريس ابھرندڙ SQL معيار ڏانهن منتقل ٿي ويو. آئي بي ايم پاڻ به رليشنل ماڊل جا هڪ آزمائشي نفاذ، [[پي آر ٽي وي]]، ۽ هڪ پيداواري نفاذ، [[بزنس سسٽم 12]]، تيار ڪيا، جيڪي هاڻي بند ٿي چڪا آهن. [[هني ويل]] [[ملٽڪس]] لاءِ [[ملٽڪس رليشنل ڊيٽا اسٽور|MRDS]] لکيو، ۽ هاڻي ٻه نوان نفاذ موجود آهن: [[ڊيٽافور|الفورا ڊيٽافور]] ۽ Rel. ٻيا اڪثر DBMS نفاذ، جن کي عام طور ''رليشنل'' چيو ويندو آهي، اصل ۾ SQL DBMS آهن. 1970ع ۾، يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن [[مائيڪرو انفارميشن مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم]] جي ترقي شروع ڪئي{{sfn|Hershey|Easthope|1972}} جيڪا [[ڊيوڊ ايل چائلڊز|ڊي. ايل. چائلڊز]] جي Set-Theoretic Data model تي ٻڌل هئي.{{sfn|North|2010}}{{sfn|Childs|1968a}}{{sfn|Childs|1968b}} يونيورسٽي 1974ع ۾ ڪوڊ ۽ بيچمين جي وچ ۾ هڪ مباحثو پڻ ميزباني ڪيو، جنهن کي پوءِ آئي بي ايم جي بروس لنڊسي هن ريت بيان ڪيو ته "اهي ڄڻ هڪ ٻئي تي وڄون اڇلائي رهيا هئا".<ref name="rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102702562-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> مائيڪرو کي [[آمريڪي محنت کاتو]]، [[آمريڪي ماحولياتي تحفظ ايجنسي]]، ۽ [[يونيورسٽي آف البرٽا]]، [[يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن]]، ۽ [[وين اسٽيٽ يونيورسٽي]] جي محققن پاران تمام وڏن ڊيٽا مجموعن جي انتظام لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. اهو نظام IBM مئن فريم ڪمپيوٽرن تي [[مشيگن ٽرمينل سسٽم]] استعمال ڪندي هلندو هو.<ref name=MICROManual1977>{{cite book |author1=M.A. Kahn |author2=D.L. Rumelhart |author3=B.L. Bronson |date=October 1977 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B4t_NX-QeWDYZGMwOTRmOTItZTg2Zi00YmJkLTg4MTktN2E4MWU0YmZlMjE3 |title=MICRO Information Management System (Version 5.0) Reference Manual |publisher=Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), University of Michigan and Wayne State University}}</ref> اهو نظام 1998ع تائين پيداواري استعمال ۾ رهيو. ===گڏيل طريقيڪار=== {{Main|Database machine}} 1970ع ۽ 1980ع واري ڏهاڪن ۾ اهڙا ڪوششون ڪيون ويون ته ڊيٽابيس نظامن کي گڏيل هارڊويئر ۽ سافٽويئر سان تيار ڪيو وڃي. هن بنيادي فلسفي جو خيال اهو هو ته اهڙي گڏيل صورت گهٽ خرچ تي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي فراهم ڪندي. ان جا مثال [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم/38]]، [[ٽيراڊيٽا]] جي شروعاتي پيشڪش، ۽ [[برٽن لي، انڪ.]] جي ڊيٽابيس مشين هئا. ڊيٽابيس انتظام لاءِ هارڊويئر سهائتا جو هڪ ٻيو طريقيڪار [[انٽرنيشنل ڪمپيوٽرز لميٽيڊ|آءِ سي ايل]] جو [[ڪنٽينٽ ايڊريس ايبل فائل اسٽور|CAFS]] تيز ڪندڙ هو، جيڪو هڪ هارڊويئر ڊسڪ ڪنٽرولر هو ۽ جنهن ۾ پروگرام لائق ڳولا جون صلاحيتون موجود هيون. ڊگهي مدي ۾ اهي ڪوششون عام طور ڪامياب نه رهيون، ڇاڪاڻ ته خاص ڊيٽابيس مشينون عام مقصد وارن ڪمپيوٽرن جي تيز ترقيءَ سان گڏ قدم نٿي کڻي سگهيون. تنهن ڪري اڄڪلهه گهڻا ڊيٽابيس نظام اهڙا سافٽويئر نظام آهن جيڪي عام مقصد وارن هارڊويئر تي عام مقصد واري ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽا ذخيريداري سان هلن ٿا. تنهن هوندي به، هي خيال اڃا به ڪجهه ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[نيٽيذا]] ۽ اوريڪل ([[ايڪساڊيٽا]]) طرفان مخصوص ايپليڪيشنن ۾ جاري رکيو پيو وڃي. ===1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙي، SQL DBMS=== آئي بي ايم، ڪوڊ جي اڳواڻيءَ ۾، هڪ ٽيم ٺاهي جنهن ڪمپني جي اندر ٻين جي مخالفت باوجود هڪ ابتدائي نظام، ''[[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]]''، تي ڪم شروع ڪيو.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} ان جو پهريون نسخو 1974/5ع ۾ تيار ٿيو، ۽ پوءِ گهڻ-جدولي نظامن تي ڪم شروع ٿيو، جن ۾ ڊيٽا کي اهڙي ريت ورهائي سگهجي ٿو جو هڪ ريڪارڊ جي سڀ ڊيٽا (جن مان ڪجهه اختياري به ٿي سگهي ٿي) هڪ ئي وڏي "ٽڪري" ۾ محفوظ ڪرڻي نه پوي. پوءِ وارا گهڻ-استعمال ڪندڙ نسخا 1978ع ۽ 1979ع ۾ گراهڪن پاران آزمائيا ويا، ۽ ان وقت تائين هڪ معياري [[سوالن جي ٻولي]] ــ SQL<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Structured Query Language (SQL)? |url=https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/structured-query-language |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=IBM |quote=In the 1970s, IBM scientists Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce developed and introduced SQL. It originated from the concept of relational models and was initially called structured English query language (SEQUEL) before being shortened to SQL.}}</ref>{{Citation needed|reason=First version of SQL standard was SQL-86 adopted in 1986|date=May 2012}} ــ شامل ٿي چڪي هئي. ڪوڊ جا خيال هاڻي ڪارائتا ۽ ڪوڊاسل کان برتر ثابت ٿي رهيا هئا، جنهن آئي بي ايم کي سسٽم آر جو حقيقي پيداواري نسخو، يعني ''SQL/DS''، ۽ پوءِ ''Database 2'' ([[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]) تيار ڪرڻ ڏانهن ڌڪيو. [[ليري ايلسن]] جو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس (يا سادو ڪري [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]) هڪ مختلف زنجير مان شروع ٿيو، جيڪو آئي بي ايم جي سسٽم آر بابت مقالن تي ٻڌل هو. جيتوڻيڪ Oracle V1 جا نفاذ 1978ع ۾ مڪمل ٿيا، پر Oracle Version 2 ذريعي ئي ايلسن 1979ع ۾ آئي بي ايم کان اڳ مارڪيٽ ۾ پهتو.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320220813/http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=live |title=Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> اسٽون بريڪر پوءِ انگريس مان سکيل سبق استعمال ڪندي هڪ نئون ڊيٽابيس، پوسٽگريس، تيار ڪيو، جيڪو هاڻي [[پوسٽگري ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي نالي سان مشهور آهي. PostgreSQL اڪثر عالمي سطح جي انتهائي اهم ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (مثلاً .org ۽ .info ڊومين نيم رجسٽريون ان کي پنهنجي بنيادي [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] طور استعمال ڪن ٿيون، ۽ ڪيترائي وڏا ڪمپنيون ۽ مالي ادارا پڻ). سوئيڊن ۾ به ڪوڊ جو مقالو پڙهيو ويو ۽ [[ميمر ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي ترقي 1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ۾ [[اپسالا يونيورسٽي]] ۾ ٿي. 1984ع ۾ هن منصوبي کي هڪ آزاد اداري ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويو. هڪ ٻيو ڊيٽا ماڊل، يعني [[ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل]]، 1976ع ۾ ظاهر ٿيو ۽ [[ڊيٽابيس خاڪا سازي]] لاءِ مشهور ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو اڳين رليشنل ماڊل کان وڌيڪ مانوس وضاحت تي زور ڏيندو هو. پوءِ ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل جا جزا رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]] جي تعمير طور شامل ڪيا ويا، ۽ ٻنهي جي وچ ۾ فرق گهٽ اهم رهجي ويو.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} ===1980ع وارو ڏهاڪو، ڊيسڪٽاپ تي=== آئي بي ايم ۽ مختلف سافٽويئر ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[سائبيس]] ۽ [[انفارمڪس ڪارپوريشن]] کان علاوه، 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي تائين گهڻن وڏن ڪمپيوٽر هارڊويئر وڪرو ڪندڙن وٽ پنهنجا ڊيٽابيس نظام موجود هئا، جهڙوڪ [[ڊي اي سي (ڪمپني)|ڊي اي سي]] جو [[وي اي ايڪس آر ڊي بي/وي ايم ايس]].<ref name="rdbmslateryears20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary Session: The Later Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102701921-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> هن ڏهاڪي [[ڊيسڪٽاپ ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جي دور جي شروعات ڪئي. نون ڪمپيوٽرن پنهنجن استعمال ڪندڙن کي [[لوٽس 1-2-3]] جهڙيون اسپريڊ شيٽون ۽ [[ڊي بيس]] جهڙو ڊيٽابيس سافٽويئر ڏنو. dBASE پيداوار هلڪي ۽ اهڙي هئي جو ڪو به ڪمپيوٽر استعمال ڪندڙ ان کي پهرين ئي استعمال ۾ سمجهي سگهي. [[سي. وين ريٽلف]]، جيڪو dBASE جو خالق هو، چيو ته: "dBASE اهڙن پروگرامن جهڙوڪ BASIC، C، FORTRAN، ۽ COBOL کان مختلف هئي، ڇاڪاڻ ته گهڻو 'گندو ڪم' اڳ ۾ ئي ٿي چڪو هوندو هو. ڊيٽا جي هٿرادو سنڀال dBASE ڪندي هئي، استعمال ڪندڙ نه، تنهن ڪري استعمال ڪندڙ ان ڪم تي ڌيان ڏئي سگهندو هو جيڪو هو ڪري رهيو آهي، بجاءِ ان جي جو فائلن کي کولڻ، پڙهڻ، بند ڪرڻ، ۽ جڳهه جي ورهاست سنڀالڻ جهڙن تفصيلن ۾ ڦاسي پوي."<ref>[http://www.foxprohistory.org/interview_wayne_ratliff.htm Interview with Wayne Ratliff]. The FoxPro History. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> dBASE 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ وڪرو ٿيندڙ سافٽويئر عنوانن مان هڪ هئي. ===1990ع وارو ڏهاڪو، آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز=== هن ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين ڊيٽابيس تقريباً ڏهن سالن ۾ اربين ڊالرن جي صنعت بڻجي چڪا هئا.{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾، [[آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز پروگرامنگ]] جي اڀار سان گڏ، مختلف ڊيٽابيسن ۾ ڊيٽا کي سنڀالڻ جا طريقا به وڌيا. پروگرامر ۽ خاڪا ٺاهيندڙ پنهنجي ڊيٽابيسن جي ڊيٽا کي [[آبجڪٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|آبجڪٽ]] طور ڏسڻ لڳا. يعني جيڪڏهن ڪنهن شخص جي ڊيٽا ڊيٽابيس ۾ هجي، ته ان شخص جون صفتون، جهڙوڪ پتو، فون نمبر، ۽ عمر، هاڻي ان شخص سان وابسته سمجهيون وينديون هيون، نه ڪي غير لاڳاپيل ٻاهرين ڊيٽا طور. ان سان ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا آبجڪٽن ۽ انهن جي [[خاصيت (پروگرامنگ)|خاصيتن]] سان جڙيل ٿي ويا، نه ڪي انفرادي خانن سان.<ref>Development of an object-oriented DBMS; Portland, Oregon, United States; Pages: 472–482; 1986; {{ISBN|0-89791-204-7}}</ref> "[[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]]" جو اصطلاح پروگرام ڪيل آبجڪٽن ۽ ڊيٽابيس جدولن جي وچ ۾ ترجمي جي تڪليف کي بيان ڪري ٿو. [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] ۽ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] هن مسئلي جو حل ڳولڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿا، هڪ آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز ٻولي مهيا ڪري (ڪڏهن SQL جي توسيعن جي صورت ۾) جنهن کي پروگرامر خالص رليشنل SQL جي متبادل طور استعمال ڪري سگهن. پروگرامنگ جي پاسي، [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ميپنگ]] (ORMs) نالي لائبريريون به ساڳئي مسئلي کي حل ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿيون. ===2000ع وارو ڏهاڪو، NoSQL ۽ NewSQL=== {{Main|NoSQL|NewSQL}} [[ڊاٽ ڪام ببل]] دوران ڊيٽابيس وڪرو تيزيءَ سان وڌيا، ۽ ان جي خاتمي کان پوءِ [[اي-ڪامرس]] جي اڀار سان اهو سلسلو جاري رهيو. [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]] جهڙن [[کليل ذريعو]] ڊيٽابيسن جي مقبوليت 2000ع کان پوءِ ايتري وڌي جو اوريڪل جي Ken Jacobs 2005ع ۾ چيو ته "شايد هي ماڻهو اسان سان اهو ڪري رهيا آهن جيڪو اسان آئي بي ايم سان ڪيو هو".{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} [[ايڪس ايم ايل ڊيٽابيس]] هڪ قسم جا منظم دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس آهن، جيڪي [[ايڪس ايم ايل]] دستاويزن جي صفتن جي بنياد تي سوال ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا. XML ڊيٽابيس گهڻو ڪري انهن ايپليڪيشنن ۾ استعمال ٿيندا آهن جتي ڊيٽا کي آساني سان دستاويزن جي مجموعي طور ڏٺو وڃي، ۽ جن جو ڍانچو انتهائي لچڪدار کان وٺي تمام سخت تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو: مثال طور سائنسي مقالا، پيٽنٽ، ٽيڪس گوشوارا، ۽ عملي جا رڪارڊ. [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس اڪثر تمام تيز هوندا آهن،<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=Meghan |title=NoSQL Latency |url=https://www [[زمرو:انفارميشن سائنس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] 79lbx7g1ro9n52y0l3a5jxvkd9tk4v0 375358 375356 2026-05-02T12:41:39Z Ibne maryam 17680 375358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ڪمپيوٽنگ ۾ ڊيٽا جو منظم مجموعو}} {{about|ڪمپيوٽنگ واري تصور بابت|عام تصور جي مثالن بابت|ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون}} {{protection padlock|1=vandalism|small=y}} [[Image:DVD Rental Query.png|thumb|هڪ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] چونڊ بيان ۽ ان جو نتيجو|upright=1.35]] '''ڊيٽابيس'''('''Database'''):[[ڪمپيوٽنگ]] ۾، '''ڊيٽابيس''' [[ڊيٽا (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ڊيٽا]] جو هڪ منظم مجموعو هوندو آهي يا [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] جو هڪ قسم هوندو آهي، جيڪو '''ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم''' ('''DBMS''') جي استعمال تي ٻڌل هوندو آهي۔ اهو [[سافٽويئر]] هوندو آهي، جيڪو [[آخري استعمال ڪندڙ]]ن، [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] ۽ خود ڊيٽابيس سان رابطو ڪري ڊيٽا کي گڏ ڪرڻ ۽ ان جو تجزيو ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪم ڪندو آهي۔ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۾ اهي بنيادي سهولتون به شامل هونديون آهن، جيڪي ڊيٽابيس جي انتظام لاءِ مهيا ڪيون وينديون آهن۔ ڊيٽابيس، ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس) ۽ لاڳاپيل ايپليڪيشنن جي گڏيل مجموعي کي '''ڊيٽابيس سسٽم''' چيو وڃي ٿو۔ گهڻو ڪري "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح غير رسمي طور ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم (ڊي بي ايم ايس)، ڊيٽابيس سسٽم يا ڊيٽابيس سان لاڳاپيل ڪنهن ايپليڪيشن لاءِ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ان کان اڳ جو ڊيٽا جي ڊجيٽل اسٽوريج ۽ واپسي عام ٿي وڃي، [[انڊيڪس ڪارڊ]] [[ڊيٽا اسٽوريج]] لاءِ مختلف قسمن جي استعمالن ۽ ماحولن ۾ ڪم ايندا هئا: گهرن ۾ ترڪيبون، خريداري جون فهرستون، رابطي جي معلومات ۽ ٻي تنظيمي ڄاڻ محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ؛ ڪاروبار ۾ پيشڪشيءَ جا نوٽ، منصوبي بابت تحقيق ۽ نوٽس، ۽ رابطي جي معلومات لاءِ؛ اسڪولن ۾ فليش ڪارڊن يا ٻين بصري مددن طور؛ ۽ علمي تحقيق ۾ اهڙي ڊيٽا محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ جهڙوڪ ڪتابي حوالا يا [[ڪارڊ فائيل]] ۾ نوٽس۔ پيشورانه ڪتابي اشاريه ٺاهيندڙ ڪتابن جا اشاريه تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ انڊيڪس ڪارڊ استعمال ڪندا هئا، جيستائين 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ انهن جي جاءِ [[انڊيڪسنگ سافٽويئر]] نه ورتي۔ ننڍا ڊيٽابيس [[فائيل سسٽم]] تي محفوظ ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جڏهن⁠تہ وڏا ڊيٽابيس [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪلسٽر]]ن يا [[ڪلاوڊ اسٽوريج]] تي هلن ٿا۔ [[ڊيٽابيس ڊيزائن|ڊيٽابيسن جي جوڙجڪ]] ۾ رسمي طريقا ۽ عملي پهلو ٻئي شامل هوندا آهن، جن ۾ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]]، ڊيٽا جي اثرائتي نمائندگي ۽ اسٽوريج، [[ڪوئري ٻوليون]]، حساس ڊيٽا جي [[ڊيٽابيس سيڪيورٽي|سيڪيورٽي]] ۽ [[معلوماتي رازداري|رازداري]]، ۽ [[ورهايل ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جا مسئلا شامل آهن، جن ۾ [[هم وقت ڪمپيوٽنگ|هم وقت]] رسائي ۽ [[خرابي-برداشت]] جي سهڪار جهڙا معاملا پڻ شامل آهن۔ [[ڪمپيوٽر سائنسدان]] ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽمن کي انهن [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]]ن جي بنياد تي درجا بندي ڪري سگهن ٿا، جن کي اهي سهارو ڏين ٿا۔ [[تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غالب ٿي ويا۔ اهي ڊيٽا کي [[قطار (ڊيٽابيس)|قطارن]] ۽ [[ڪالم (ڊيٽابيس)|ڪالمن]] جي صورت ۾، [[ٽيبل (ڊيٽابيس)|ٽيبلن]] جي هڪ سلسلي اندر ترتيب ڏين ٿا، ۽ انهن مان وڏي اڪثريت ڊيٽا لکڻ ۽ ان بابت سوال ڪرڻ لاءِ [[ايس ڪيو ايل]] استعمال ڪري ٿي۔ 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ غير تعلقاتي ڊيٽابيس مشهور ٿيا، جن کي گڏيل طور [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] چيو وڃي ٿو، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي مختلف [[پڇاڳاڇا واريون ٻوليون]] استعمال ڪن ٿا۔ ==اصطلاحي وضاحت ۽ جائزو== رسمي طور تي، "ڊيٽابيس" مان مراد لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جو اهڙو مجموعو آهي، جنهن تائين رسائي هڪ "ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم" (DBMS) جي ذريعي حاصل ڪئي ويندي آهي، جيڪو [[ڪمپيوٽر سافٽويئر]] جو هڪ گڏيل نظام آهي، جيڪو [[استعمال ڪندڙ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|استعمال ڪندڙن]] کي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڊيٽابيسن سان رابطو ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو ۽ ڊيٽابيس ۾ موجود سموري ڊيٽا تائين رسائي فراهم ڪري ٿو (جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه پابنديون ٿي سگهن ٿيون جيڪي مخصوص ڊيٽا تائين رسائي کي محدود ڪن). ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙا مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪري ٿو جيڪي وڏي مقدار ۾ معلومات جي داخلا، ذخيرو ڪرڻ ۽ واپس حاصل ڪرڻ کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا ۽ ان معلومات کي منظم ڪرڻ جا طريقا فراهم ڪن ٿا. انهن ٻنهي جي ويجهي لاڳاپي سبب، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر غيررسمي طور تي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان کي سنڀاليندڙ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. پيشاور [[معلوماتي ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي دنيا کان ٻاهر، "ڊيٽابيس" جو اصطلاح اڪثر ڪنهن به لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا جي مجموعي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (جهڙوڪ [[اسپريڊ شيٽ]] يا ڪارڊ انڊيڪس)، ڇاڪاڻ ته سائيز ۽ استعمال جون گهرجون عام طور تي ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم جي استعمال کي ضروري بڻائين ٿيون.{{sfn|Ullman|Widom|1997|p=1}} موجوده ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم مختلف ڪم مهيا ڪن ٿا جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جي ڊيٽا جي انتظام کي ممڪن بڻائين ٿا، جن کي چار بنيادي فعالي گروپن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: * '''ڊيٽا جي تعريف''' – اهڙين وضاحتن جي تخليق، تبديلي ۽ خاتمو، جيڪي بيان ڪن ٿيون ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيئن ترتيب ڏنو ويندو. * '''اپڊيٽ''' – خود ڊيٽا جي داخلا، تبديلي ۽ حذف ڪرڻ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update|title=Update Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065959/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/update |archive-date= Feb 25, 2024 }}</ref> * '''واپسي حاصل ڪرڻ''' – مخصوص معيارن مطابق ڊيٽا چونڊڻ (مثال طور سوال، درجي بندي ۾ جاءِ، يا ٻين ڊيٽا سان لاڳاپي جي بنياد تي) ۽ ان ڊيٽا کي سڌو استعمال ڪندڙ کي مهيا ڪرڻ، يا ان کي وڌيڪ پروسيسنگ لاءِ ڊيٽابيس پاڻ يا ٻين ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ دستياب بڻائڻ. حاصل ڪيل ڊيٽا کي بغير تبديلي جي سڌي صورت ۾ مهيا ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيئن اهو ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ آهي، يا نئين صورت ۾ جيڪا ان کي تبديل ڪري يا ٻين موجود ڊيٽا سان گڏائي حاصل ڪئي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval|title=Retrieval Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230627174611/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retrieval |archive-date= Jun 27, 2023 }}</ref> * '''انتظام''' – استعمال ڪندڙن جي رجسٽريشن ۽ نگراني، ڊيٽا جي حفاظت جو نفاذ، ڪارڪردگي جي نگراني، ڊيٽا جي سالميت کي برقرار رکڻ، گڏيل رسائي جي ڪنٽرول سان لاڳاپيل معاملن کي سنڀالڻ، ۽ اهڙي معلومات کي بحال ڪرڻ جيڪا ڪنهن حادثي جهڙوڪ اوچتي نظامي ناڪامي سبب خراب ٿي وئي هجي.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration|title=Administration Definition & Meaning |work=Merriam-Webster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206055116/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/administration |archive-date= Dec 6, 2023 }}</ref> ڊيٽابيس ۽ ان جو ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ٻنهي هڪ مخصوص [[ڊيٽابيس ماڊل]] جي اصولن تي عمل ڪن ٿا.{{sfn|Tsitchizris| Lochovsky| 1982}} "ڊيٽابيس سسٽم" مان مراد گڏيل طور تي ڊيٽابيس ماڊل، ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم، ۽ ڊيٽابيس آهي.{{sfn|Beynon-Davies|2003}} جسماني طور تي، ڊيٽابيس [[سرور (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|سرور]] اهڙا خاص ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن جيڪي اصل ڊيٽابيسن کي محفوظ ڪن ٿا ۽ صرف ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم ۽ ان سان لاڳاپيل سافٽويئر هلائين ٿا. ڊيٽابيس سرور عام طور تي [[ملٽي پروسيسر]] ڪمپيوٽر هوندا آهن، جن وٽ وڏي ميموري ۽ [[ريڊ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|ريڊ]] (RAID) ڊسڪ ايري مستحڪم ذخيرو لاءِ استعمال ٿيندي آهي. هارڊويئر ڊيٽابيس تيز ڪندڙ، جيڪي هڪ يا وڌيڪ سرورن سان تيز رفتار چينل ذريعي ڳنڍيل هوندا آهن، وڏي مقدار واري [[ٽرانزيڪشن پروسيسنگ سسٽم]] ماحول ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيا ويندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم گهڻن [[ڊيٽابيس ايپليڪيشن]]ن جي مرڪز ۾ هوندا آهن. ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم اهڙي ريت ٺهي سگهن ٿا جو اهي هڪ ڪسٽم [[ملٽي ٽاسڪنگ]] [[ڪرنل (آپريٽنگ سسٽم)|ڪرنل]] تي ٻڌل هجن جنهن ۾ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ|ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪنگ]] جي مدد شامل هجي، پر جديد ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم عام طور تي معياري [[آپريٽنگ سسٽم]] تي ڀاڙين ٿا ته جيئن اهي ڪم مهيا ڪيا وڃن.{{citation needed|reason=This has become a mish-mash people's opinion and while boardly accurate may be in places undue and ignored e.g. SAN storage and needs cited rewrite from scrach|date=January 2020}} ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم هڪ اهم [[مارڪيٽ (معاشيات)|مارڪيٽ]] جو حصو آهن، تنهنڪري ڪمپيوٽر ۽ اسٽوريج ٺاهيندڙ ڪمپنيون اڪثر ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي گهرجن کي پنهنجي ترقياتي منصوبن ۾ نظر ۾ رکن ٿيون.{{sfn|Nelson|Nelson|2001}} ڊيٽابيس ۽ ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم کي انهن جي سپورٽ ڪيل ڊيٽابيس ماڊلن (جهڙوڪ [[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] يا [[ايڪس ايم ايل]])، انهن ڪمپيوٽرن جي قسمن (جهڙوڪ [[سرور ڪلسٽر]] کان وٺي [[موبائل فون]] تائين)، ڊيٽابيس تائين رسائي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ سوالن جي ٻولين (جهڙوڪ SQL يا [[ايڪس ڪوئري]])، ۽ انهن جي اندروني انجنيئرنگ جي بنياد تي درجابندي ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جيڪا ڪارڪردگي، [[اسڪيليبيليٽي]]، مضبوطي، ۽ حفاظت تي اثر انداز ٿئي ٿي. ==تاريخ== ڊيٽابيسن ۽ انهن سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم جي سائيزن، صلاحيتن، ۽ ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ درجنن جي حساب سان واڌ ٿي آهي. ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ اهي واڌارا [[مرڪزي پروسيسنگ يونٽ|پروسيسرن]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ياداشت]]، [[ڪمپيوٽر ذخيرو]]، ۽ [[ڪمپيوٽر نيٽورڪ]]ن جي شعبن ۾ ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي ترقي سبب ممڪن ٿيا. ڊيٽابيس جو تصور سڌي رسائي وارن [[ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلا|ذخيرو ڪندڙ وسيلن]]، جهڙوڪ [[هارڊ ڊسڪ ڊرائيو|مقناطيسي ڊسڪن]]، جي ظاهر ٿيڻ سان ممڪن ٿيو، جيڪي 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ڌاري وڏي پيماني تي دستياب ٿيا؛ ان کان اڳ وارا نظام [[مقناطيسي ٽيپ]] تي ڊيٽا جي تسلسلي ذخيريداري تي ڀاڙيندا هئا. ڊيٽابيس ٽيڪنالاجيءَ جي پوءِ واري ترقي کي ڊيٽا ماڊل يا ڍانچي جي بنياد تي ٽن دورن ۾ ورهائي سگهجي ٿو: [[رهنمائي وارو ڊيٽابيس|رهنمائي وارو]]،{{sfn|Bachman|1973}} SQL/[[رليشنل ڊيٽابيس|رليشنل]]، ۽ بعد-رليشنل. شروعاتي ٻن اهم رهنمائي وارن [[ڊيٽا ماڊل]]ن ۾ [[درجاوار ماڊل]] ۽ [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ماڊل ([[نيٽورڪ ماڊل]]) شامل هئا. انهن جي خاصيت اها هئي ته هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپا پيروي ڪرڻ لاءِ [[پوائنٽر (ڪمپيوٽر پروگرامنگ)|پوائنٽرن]] (اڪثر جسماني ڊسڪ پتن) جو استعمال ڪيو ويندو هو. [[رليشنل ماڊل]]، جيڪو پهريون ڀيرو 1970ع ۾ [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] طرفان پيش ڪيو ويو، هن روايت کان الڳ ٿيو، ڇو ته هن زور ڏنو ته [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپليڪيشنن]] کي ڳنڍڻين جي پيروي ڪرڻ بدران مواد جي بنياد تي ڊيٽا ڳولڻ گهرجي. رليشنل ماڊل حساب ڪتاب جي دفتر جهڙين جدولن جا مجموعا استعمال ڪري ٿو، جن مان هر جدول مختلف قسم جي [[ادارو (ڊيٽابيس)|اداري]] لاءِ هوندي آهي. 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين ئي ڪمپيوٽنگ هارڊويئر ايترو سگهارو ٿيو جو رليشنل نظامن (ڊي بي ايم ايس ۽ ايپليڪيشنن سميت) جي وسيع پيماني تي تنصيب ممڪن ٿي سگهي. تنهن هوندي، 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين رليشنل نظام سڀني وڏي پيماني جي [[ڊيٽا پروسيسنگ]] ايپليڪيشنن ۾ غالب ٿي ويا، ۽ {{as of | 2018 | lc = on}} اهي اڃا تائين غالب آهن: [[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]، [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]، [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]]، ۽ [[مائڪروسافٽ ايس ڪيو ايل سرور]] سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳولها ڪيل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] آهن.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pypl.github.io/DB.html|title=TOPDB Top Database index|work=pypl.github.io}}</ref> غالب ڊيٽابيس ٻولي، يعني رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ معياري ٿيل SQL، ٻين ڊيٽا ماڊلن لاءِ ڊيٽابيس ٻولين تي پڻ اثرانداز ٿي آهي.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]] جي تڪليف تي ضابطو آڻڻ لاءِ تيار ڪيا ويا، جنهن سبب "بعد-رليشنل" جو اصطلاح وجود ۾ آيو ۽ گڏوگڏ ملي جلي [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]]ن جي ترقي به ٿي. 2000ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙيءَ ۾ بعد-رليشنل ڊيٽابيسن جي ايندڙ نسل کي [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن تيز [[ڪي-ويليو اسٽور]] ۽ [[دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس]] متعارف ڪرايا. هڪ مقابلي واري "ايندڙ نسل" کي [[نيو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو، جن نوان نفاذ متعارف ڪرايا جيڪي رليشنل/SQL ماڊل کي برقرار رکندا هئا ۽ ساڳئي وقت تجارتي طور موجود رليشنل [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] جي مقابلي ۾ NoSQL جهڙي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي حاصل ڪرڻ جو مقصد رکندا هئا. ===1960ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رهنمائي وارو ڊي بي ايم ايس=== {{Further|نيويگيشن واري ڊيٽابيس}} [[File:CodasylB.png|thumb|upright=1.15|رهنمائي واري[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] ڊيٽابيس ماڊل جو بنيادي ڍانچو]] ''ڊيٽابيس'' جي اصطلاح جو استعمال سڌي رسائي واري ذخيريداري (ڊسڪ ۽ ڊرم) جي دستيابيءَ سان گڏ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ کان شروع ٿيو. هن اصطلاح ماضيءَ جي ٽيپ-بنياد نظامن جي مقابلي کي ظاهر ڪيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته هاڻي روزاني [[بيچ پروسيسنگ]] بدران گڏيل ۽ تعاملي استعمال ممڪن ٿيو. [[آڪسفورڊ انگريزي لغت]] ڪيليفورنيا جي [[سسٽم ڊيولپمينٽ ڪارپوريشن]] جي 1962ع واري رپورٽ کي پهريون حوالو ڏئي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "ڊيٽا-بيس" جو اصطلاح هڪ مخصوص فني معنيٰ ۾ استعمال ڪيو ويو.<ref>{{cite web|title=database, n|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/47411|work=OED Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=July 12, 2013|date=June 2013}} {{subscription required|s}}</ref> جڏهن ڪمپيوٽر رفتار ۽ صلاحيت ۾ وڌيا، تڏهن ڪيترائي عام مقصد وارا ڊيٽابيس نظام ظاهر ٿيا؛ 1960ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ تائين انهن مان ڪيترائي نظام تجارتي استعمال ۾ اچي چڪا هئا. هڪ معيار بابت دلچسپي وڌڻ لڳي، ۽ اهڙين شين مان هڪ جي ليکڪ [[چارلس بيچمين]]، يعني [[انٽيگريٽيڊ ڊيٽا اسٽور]] (آء ڊي ايس)، [[ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ|ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ]] جو بنياد وڌو، جيڪو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] اندر اهو گروپ هو جيڪو [[ڪاروباري رخ واري پروگرامنگ ٻولي|ڪوبول]] جي تخليق ۽ معياريڪاريءَ جو ذميوار هو. 1971ع ۾ ڊيٽابيس ٽاسڪ گروپ پنهنجو معيار پيش ڪيو، جيڪو عام طور تي ''[[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار'' جي نالي سان مشهور ٿيو، ۽ ٿوري ئي وقت ۾ هن طريقيڪار تي ٻڌل ڪيترائي تجارتي پيداوارون مارڪيٽ ۾ اچي ويون. ڪوڊاسل طريقيڪار ايپليڪيشنن کي هڪ ڳنڍيل ڊيٽا مجموعي ۾ رهنمائي سان گهمڻ جي صلاحيت ڏيندو هو، جيڪو هڪ وڏي نيٽورڪ جي صورت ۾ ٺهيل هوندو هو. ايپليڪيشنون ٽن طريقن مان ڪنهن هڪ ذريعي ريڪارڊ ڳولي سگهنديون هيون: #پرائمري ڪي key جي استعمال سان (جنهن کي CALC ڪي چيو ويندو هو، ۽ عام طور تي [[هيش فنڪشن|هيشنگ]] جي ذريعي لاڳو ڪيو ويندو هو) #هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ٻئي ريڪارڊ تائين لاڳاپن (جن کي ''سيٽس'' چيو ويندو هو) جي رهنمائي ڪندي #سڀني ريڪارڊن کي تسلسلي ترتيب سان اسڪين ڪندي پوءِ وارن نظامن ۾ متبادل رسائي جا رستا مهيا ڪرڻ لاءِ [[بي-شجرو]] شامل ڪيا ويا. ڪيترن ئي ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيسن ۾ آخري استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي پڻ شامل ڪئي وئي (جيڪا رهنمائي واري [[ايپليڪيشن پروگرامنگ انٽرفيس|اي پي آء]] کان الڳ هئي). تنهن هوندي، ڪوڊاسل ڊيٽابيس پيچيده هئا، ۽ ڪارآمد ايپليڪيشنون تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ گهڻي تربيت ۽ ڪوشش جي ضرورت پوندي هئي. [[آئي بي ايم]] وٽ پڻ 1966ع ۾ پنهنجو [[ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم|ڊي بي ايم ايس]] هو، جيڪو [[معلوماتي انتظامي نظام]] (IMS) جي نالي سان مشهور هو. آء ايم ايس [[اپولو پروگرام]] لاءِ [[سسٽم/360]] تي لکيل سافٽويئر جي هڪ ترقي يافته صورت هئي. آء ايم ايس تصور ۾ عام طور ڪوڊاسل جهڙو هو، پر هن ڊيٽا جي رهنمائي لاءِ ڪوڊاسل جي نيٽورڪ ماڊل بدران هڪ سخت درجاوار ڍانچو استعمال ڪيو. ٻنهي تصورن کي پوءِ ڊيٽا تائين رسائي جي انداز سبب رهنمائي وارا ڊيٽابيس چيو ويو؛ هي اصطلاح بيچمين جي 1973ع جي [[ٽرنگ ايوارڊ]] واري پيشڪش ''دي پروگرامر ايز نيويگيٽر'' سان مشهور ٿيو. آء ايم ايس کي آئي بي ايم هڪ [[درجاوار ڊيٽابيس]] طور درجابند ڪري ٿو. آء ڊي ايم ايس ۽ [[سنڪام سسٽم|سنڪام نظامن]] جي [[سنڪام سسٽم#1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو|ٽوٽل]] ڊيٽابيسن کي نيٽورڪ ڊيٽابيس چيو وڃي ٿو. 2014 وارو آء ايم ايس اڃا تائين استعمال ۾ آهي.<ref>{{cite web|last=IBM Corporation|title=IBM Information Management System (IMS) 13 Transaction and Database Servers delivers high performance and low total cost of ownership|url=http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?subtype=ca&infotype=an&appname=iSource&supplier=897&letternum=ENUS213-381|access-date=Feb 20, 2014|date=October 2013}}</ref> ===1970ع وارو ڏهاڪو، رليشنل ڊيٽابيس مينيجمينٽ سسٽم=== [[ايڊگر ايف ڪوڊ]] [[سان جوزي، ڪيليفورنيا]] ۾ آئي بي ايم ۾ ڪم ڪندو هو، هڪ اهڙي آفيس ۾ جيڪا بنيادي طور [[هارڊ ڊسڪ]] نظامن جي ترقيءَ ۾ مصروف هئي.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} هو [[ڊيٽا سسٽمز ٻولين بابت ڪانفرنس/ڪميٽي|ڪوڊاسل]] طريقيڪار جي رهنمائي واري ماڊل کان مطمئن نه هو، خاص طور تي "ڳولا" واري سهولت جي کوٽ سبب. 1970ع ۾، هن ڪيترائي مقالا لکيا جن ۾ ڊيٽابيس جي تعمير لاءِ هڪ نئون طريقيڪار بيان ڪيو ويو، جيڪو آخرڪار انقلابي مقالي ''A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks'' تي ختم ٿيو.{{sfn|Codd|1970}} هن مقالي ۾ وڏي ڊيٽابيس کي محفوظ ڪرڻ ۽ ان سان ڪم ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ نئون نظام بيان ڪيو ويو. ڪوڊاسل وانگر آزاد-صورت ريڪارڊن جي ڪنهن قسم جي [[ڳنڍيل فهرست]] ۾ ريڪارڊ رکڻ بدران، ڪوڊ جو خيال اهو هو ته ڊيٽا کي ڪيترين "[[جدول (ڊيٽابيس)|جدولن]]" ۾ منظم ڪيو وڃي، ۽ هر جدول مختلف قسم جي اداري لاءِ هجي. هر جدول ۾ مقرر تعداد جا ڪالم هوندا جيڪي ان اداري جون صفتون رکندا. هر جدول جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ ڪالمن کي [[پرائمري ڪي]] طور مقرر ڪيو ويندو هو، جنهن جي ذريعي جدول جون قطارون يڪتائي سان سڃاڻپ لائق ٿينديون هيون؛ جدولن جي وچ ۾ حوالا هميشه ڊسڪ پتن بدران انهن پرائمري ڪين جي ذريعي ٿيندا هئا، ۽ سوال انهن اهم لاڳاپن جي بنياد تي جدولن کي جوڙيندا هئا، جنهن لاءِ [[رليشنل ڪيلڪولس]] جي رياضيائي نظام تي ٻڌل عملن جو مجموعو استعمال ٿيندو هو (۽ ماڊل جو نالو به ان مان ئي آيو). ڊيٽا کي نارملائيز ٿيل جدولن (يا ''رليشنز'') جي صورت ۾ ورهائڻ جو مقصد اهو هو ته هر "حقيقت" صرف هڪ ڀيرو محفوظ ٿئي، جنهن سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل سادا ٿين. ڪوڊ ماڊل کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ رياضيائي اصطلاح استعمال ڪيا: relations، tuples، ۽ domains؛ جدول، قطار، ۽ ڪالم وارا اصطلاح پوءِ واري نفاذ مان مشهور ٿيا. ڪوڊ بعد ۾ ان لاڙو تي تنقيد به ڪئي ته عملي نفاذ ان رياضيائي بنيادن کان هٽي ويا جن تي ماڊل بيٺل هو. [[File:Relational key SVG.svg|thumb|[[رليشنل ماڊل]] ۾ ريڪارڊ "ڳنڍيا" ويندا آهن اهڙين مجازي ڪين ذريعي جيڪي ڊيٽابيس ۾ محفوظ نه هونديون آهن، پر ضرورت مطابق ريڪارڊن ۾ موجود ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ بيان ڪيون وينديون آهن.]] ٽيبلن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران پرائمري ڪين (يعني استعمال ڪندڙ-مرڪوز سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن) جي ذريعي پيش ڪرڻ جا ٻه بنيادي سبب هئا. انجنيئرنگ جي لحاظ کان، ان سان جدولن کي مهانگي ڊيٽابيس ٻيهر ترتيب کان سواءِ منتقل ڪرڻ ۽ نئين سائيز ۾ آڻڻ ممڪن ٿيو. پر ڪوڊ لاءِ معنوي فرق وڌيڪ اهم هو: واضح سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن جي استعمال سان اپڊيٽ وارا عمل صاف رياضيائي وصفن سان بيان ڪرڻ آسان ٿيو، ۽ سوالن وارا عمل به [[پهريون-درجي بياني ڪيلڪولس]] جي قائم ٿيل علمي روايت جي بنياد تي بيان ڪري سگهجن ٿا؛ ڇو ته انهن عملن جون رياضيائي خاصيتون صاف آهن، تنهن ڪري سوالن کي ثابتيءَ سان درست نموني ٻيهر لکڻ ممڪن ٿئي ٿو، ۽ اهو ئي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ (query optimization) جو بنياد آهي. درجاوار يا نيٽورڪ ماڊلن جي ڀيٽ ۾ اظهار جي صلاحيت ۾ ڪا گهٽتائي نٿي اچي، جيتوڻيڪ جدولن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا هاڻي ايترا ظاهر نه رهيا. درجاوار ۽ نيٽورڪ ماڊلن ۾ ريڪارڊن کي هڪ پيچيده اندروني ڍانچي رکڻ جي اجازت هوندي هئي. مثال طور، هڪ ملازم جي پگهار جي تاريخ کي ملازم جي ريڪارڊ اندر "ورجائيندڙ گروپ" جي صورت ۾ پيش ڪري سگهجي ٿو. رليشنل ماڊل ۾ نارملائيزيشن جي عمل سبب اهڙين اندروني ڍانچن کي ڪيترين جدولن ۾ رکيل ڊيٽا سان بدلائي ڇڏيو ويو، جيڪي صرف منطقي ڪين سان ڳنڍيل هونديون هيون. مثال طور، ڊيٽابيس نظام جو هڪ عام استعمال اهو آهي ته استعمال ڪندڙن بابت معلومات محفوظ ڪئي وڃي، جهڙوڪ سندن نالو، لاگ ان معلومات، مختلف پتا ۽ فون نمبر. رهنمائي واري طريقيڪار ۾، هي سڀ ڊيٽا هڪ ئي متغير-ڊيگهه واري ريڪارڊ ۾ رکي ويندي هئي. رليشنل طريقيڪار ۾، ڊيٽا کي ''نارملائيز'' ڪري هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ جدول، هڪ پتي واري جدول، ۽ هڪ فون نمبر واري جدول ۾ ورهايو ويندو. انهن اختياري جدولن ۾ ريڪارڊ رڳو تڏهن ٺاهيا ويندا جڏهن حقيقت ۾ پتو يا فون نمبر ڏنل هجي. قطارن/ريڪارڊن کي ڊسڪ پتن بدران منطقي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙن سان سڃاڻڻ کان علاوه، ڪوڊ اهو به بدلائي ڇڏيو ته ايپليڪيشنون ڪيترن ريڪارڊن مان ڊيٽا ڪيئن گڏ ڪنديون آهن. ان بدران جو ايپليڪيشنون ڳنڍڻين تي هلندي هڪ وقت ۾ هڪ ريڪارڊ مان ڊيٽا گڏ ڪن، اهي هاڻ هڪ اعلانيه سوالن جي ٻولي استعمال ڪن ٿيون، جيڪا اهو بيان ڪري ٿي ته ڪهڙي ڊيٽا گهرجي، نه ته اها ڪهڙي رسائي واري واٽ سان ملندي. ڊيٽا تائين هڪ ڪارآمد رسائي وارو رستو ڳولڻ جي ذميواري هاڻي ايپليڪيشن پروگرامر بدران ڊيٽابيس مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم تي اچي ٿي. هن عمل کي سوالن جي بهتر جوڙجڪ چيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ اهو ان حقيقت تي ڀاڙي ٿو ته سوال رياضيائي منطق جي اصطلاحن ۾ بيان ٿيل هوندا آهن. ڪوڊ جي مقالي مختلف يونيورسٽين جي ٽيمن کي هن موضوع تي تحقيق لاءِ متاثر ڪيو، جن ۾ [[يونيورسٽي آف ڪيليفورنيا، برڪلي]]{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} جي اها ٽيم به شامل هئي جنهن جي اڳواڻي [[يوجين وونگ]] ۽ [[مائيڪل اسٽون بريڪر]] ڪري رهيا هئا، ۽ جن [[انگريس]] شروع ڪيو، ان فنڊ سان جيڪو اڳ ۾ ئي جغرافيائي ڊيٽابيس منصوبي لاءِ مختص ٿي چڪو هو، ۽ شاگرد پروگرامرن جي ڪوڊ تيار ڪرڻ جي مدد سان. 1973ع کان انگريس پنهنجا پهريان آزمائشي پيداوارون ڏيڻ شروع ڪيون، جيڪي 1979ع تائين عام استعمال لاءِ تقريباً تيار ٿي ويون. انگريس ڪيترن ئي معاملن ۾ [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]] سان ملندڙ هو، جنهن ۾ [[ڊيٽا رسائي]] لاءِ "ٻولي" جو استعمال به شامل هو، جيڪا [[ڪيوئل سوالن واريون ٻوليون|QUEL]] سڏبي هئي. وقت سان گڏ، انگريس ابھرندڙ SQL معيار ڏانهن منتقل ٿي ويو. آئي بي ايم پاڻ به رليشنل ماڊل جا هڪ آزمائشي نفاذ، [[پي آر ٽي وي]]، ۽ هڪ پيداواري نفاذ، [[بزنس سسٽم 12]]، تيار ڪيا، جيڪي هاڻي بند ٿي چڪا آهن. [[هني ويل]] [[ملٽڪس]] لاءِ [[ملٽڪس رليشنل ڊيٽا اسٽور|MRDS]] لکيو، ۽ هاڻي ٻه نوان نفاذ موجود آهن: [[ڊيٽافور|الفورا ڊيٽافور]] ۽ Rel. ٻيا اڪثر DBMS نفاذ، جن کي عام طور ''رليشنل'' چيو ويندو آهي، اصل ۾ SQL DBMS آهن. 1970ع ۾، يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن [[مائيڪرو انفارميشن مئنيجمينٽ سسٽم]] جي ترقي شروع ڪئي{{sfn|Hershey|Easthope|1972}} جيڪا [[ڊيوڊ ايل چائلڊز|ڊي. ايل. چائلڊز]] جي Set-Theoretic Data model تي ٻڌل هئي.{{sfn|North|2010}}{{sfn|Childs|1968a}}{{sfn|Childs|1968b}} يونيورسٽي 1974ع ۾ ڪوڊ ۽ بيچمين جي وچ ۾ هڪ مباحثو پڻ ميزباني ڪيو، جنهن کي پوءِ آئي بي ايم جي بروس لنڊسي هن ريت بيان ڪيو ته "اهي ڄڻ هڪ ٻئي تي وڄون اڇلائي رهيا هئا".<ref name="rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary 1: Early Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102702562-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> مائيڪرو کي [[آمريڪي محنت کاتو]]، [[آمريڪي ماحولياتي تحفظ ايجنسي]]، ۽ [[يونيورسٽي آف البرٽا]]، [[يونيورسٽي آف مشيگن]]، ۽ [[وين اسٽيٽ يونيورسٽي]] جي محققن پاران تمام وڏن ڊيٽا مجموعن جي انتظام لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. اهو نظام IBM مئن فريم ڪمپيوٽرن تي [[مشيگن ٽرمينل سسٽم]] استعمال ڪندي هلندو هو.<ref name=MICROManual1977>{{cite book |author1=M.A. Kahn |author2=D.L. Rumelhart |author3=B.L. Bronson |date=October 1977 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B4t_NX-QeWDYZGMwOTRmOTItZTg2Zi00YmJkLTg4MTktN2E4MWU0YmZlMjE3 |title=MICRO Information Management System (Version 5.0) Reference Manual |publisher=Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), University of Michigan and Wayne State University}}</ref> اهو نظام 1998ع تائين پيداواري استعمال ۾ رهيو. ===گڏيل طريقيڪار=== {{Main|Database machine}} 1970ع ۽ 1980ع واري ڏهاڪن ۾ اهڙا ڪوششون ڪيون ويون ته ڊيٽابيس نظامن کي گڏيل هارڊويئر ۽ سافٽويئر سان تيار ڪيو وڃي. هن بنيادي فلسفي جو خيال اهو هو ته اهڙي گڏيل صورت گهٽ خرچ تي اعليٰ ڪارڪردگي فراهم ڪندي. ان جا مثال [[آئي بي ايم سسٽم/38]]، [[ٽيراڊيٽا]] جي شروعاتي پيشڪش، ۽ [[برٽن لي، انڪ.]] جي ڊيٽابيس مشين هئا. ڊيٽابيس انتظام لاءِ هارڊويئر سهائتا جو هڪ ٻيو طريقيڪار [[انٽرنيشنل ڪمپيوٽرز لميٽيڊ|آءِ سي ايل]] جو [[ڪنٽينٽ ايڊريس ايبل فائل اسٽور|CAFS]] تيز ڪندڙ هو، جيڪو هڪ هارڊويئر ڊسڪ ڪنٽرولر هو ۽ جنهن ۾ پروگرام لائق ڳولا جون صلاحيتون موجود هيون. ڊگهي مدي ۾ اهي ڪوششون عام طور ڪامياب نه رهيون، ڇاڪاڻ ته خاص ڊيٽابيس مشينون عام مقصد وارن ڪمپيوٽرن جي تيز ترقيءَ سان گڏ قدم نٿي کڻي سگهيون. تنهن ڪري اڄڪلهه گهڻا ڊيٽابيس نظام اهڙا سافٽويئر نظام آهن جيڪي عام مقصد وارن هارڊويئر تي عام مقصد واري ڪمپيوٽر ڊيٽا ذخيريداري سان هلن ٿا. تنهن هوندي به، هي خيال اڃا به ڪجهه ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[نيٽيذا]] ۽ اوريڪل ([[ايڪساڊيٽا]]) طرفان مخصوص ايپليڪيشنن ۾ جاري رکيو پيو وڃي. ===1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي پڇاڙي، SQL DBMS=== آئي بي ايم، ڪوڊ جي اڳواڻيءَ ۾، هڪ ٽيم ٺاهي جنهن ڪمپني جي اندر ٻين جي مخالفت باوجود هڪ ابتدائي نظام، ''[[آئي بي ايم سسٽم آر|سسٽم آر]]''، تي ڪم شروع ڪيو.{{r|rdbmsearlyyearsoh20070612}} ان جو پهريون نسخو 1974/5ع ۾ تيار ٿيو، ۽ پوءِ گهڻ-جدولي نظامن تي ڪم شروع ٿيو، جن ۾ ڊيٽا کي اهڙي ريت ورهائي سگهجي ٿو جو هڪ ريڪارڊ جي سڀ ڊيٽا (جن مان ڪجهه اختياري به ٿي سگهي ٿي) هڪ ئي وڏي "ٽڪري" ۾ محفوظ ڪرڻي نه پوي. پوءِ وارا گهڻ-استعمال ڪندڙ نسخا 1978ع ۽ 1979ع ۾ گراهڪن پاران آزمائيا ويا، ۽ ان وقت تائين هڪ معياري [[سوالن جي ٻولي]] ــ SQL<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is Structured Query Language (SQL)? |url=https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/structured-query-language |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=IBM |quote=In the 1970s, IBM scientists Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce developed and introduced SQL. It originated from the concept of relational models and was initially called structured English query language (SEQUEL) before being shortened to SQL.}}</ref>{{Citation needed|reason=First version of SQL standard was SQL-86 adopted in 1986|date=May 2012}} ــ شامل ٿي چڪي هئي. ڪوڊ جا خيال هاڻي ڪارائتا ۽ ڪوڊاسل کان برتر ثابت ٿي رهيا هئا، جنهن آئي بي ايم کي سسٽم آر جو حقيقي پيداواري نسخو، يعني ''SQL/DS''، ۽ پوءِ ''Database 2'' ([[آئي بي ايم ڊي بي 2]]) تيار ڪرڻ ڏانهن ڌڪيو. [[ليري ايلسن]] جو اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس (يا سادو ڪري [[اوريڪل ڊيٽابيس|اوريڪل]]) هڪ مختلف زنجير مان شروع ٿيو، جيڪو آئي بي ايم جي سسٽم آر بابت مقالن تي ٻڌل هو. جيتوڻيڪ Oracle V1 جا نفاذ 1978ع ۾ مڪمل ٿيا، پر Oracle Version 2 ذريعي ئي ايلسن 1979ع ۾ آئي بي ايم کان اڳ مارڪيٽ ۾ پهتو.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320220813/http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/profit/p27anniv-timeline-151918.pdf |archive-date=2011-03-20 |url-status=live |title=Oracle 30th Anniversary Timeline |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> اسٽون بريڪر پوءِ انگريس مان سکيل سبق استعمال ڪندي هڪ نئون ڊيٽابيس، پوسٽگريس، تيار ڪيو، جيڪو هاڻي [[پوسٽگري ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي نالي سان مشهور آهي. PostgreSQL اڪثر عالمي سطح جي انتهائي اهم ايپليڪيشنن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي (مثلاً .org ۽ .info ڊومين نيم رجسٽريون ان کي پنهنجي بنيادي [[ڊيٽا اسٽور]] طور استعمال ڪن ٿيون، ۽ ڪيترائي وڏا ڪمپنيون ۽ مالي ادارا پڻ). سوئيڊن ۾ به ڪوڊ جو مقالو پڙهيو ويو ۽ [[ميمر ايس ڪيو ايل]] جي ترقي 1970ع واري ڏهاڪي جي وچ ۾ [[اپسالا يونيورسٽي]] ۾ ٿي. 1984ع ۾ هن منصوبي کي هڪ آزاد اداري ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويو. هڪ ٻيو ڊيٽا ماڊل، يعني [[ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل]]، 1976ع ۾ ظاهر ٿيو ۽ [[ڊيٽابيس خاڪا سازي]] لاءِ مشهور ٿيو، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو اڳين رليشنل ماڊل کان وڌيڪ مانوس وضاحت تي زور ڏيندو هو. پوءِ ادارو-لاڳاپو ماڊل جا جزا رليشنل ماڊل لاءِ [[ڊيٽا ماڊلنگ]] جي تعمير طور شامل ڪيا ويا، ۽ ٻنهي جي وچ ۾ فرق گهٽ اهم رهجي ويو.{{Citation needed|date=March 2013}} ===1980ع وارو ڏهاڪو، ڊيسڪٽاپ تي=== آئي بي ايم ۽ مختلف سافٽويئر ڪمپنين جهڙوڪ [[سائبيس]] ۽ [[انفارمڪس ڪارپوريشن]] کان علاوه، 1980ع واري ڏهاڪي تائين گهڻن وڏن ڪمپيوٽر هارڊويئر وڪرو ڪندڙن وٽ پنهنجا ڊيٽابيس نظام موجود هئا، جهڙوڪ [[ڊي اي سي (ڪمپني)|ڊي اي سي]] جو [[وي اي ايڪس آر ڊي بي/وي ايم ايس]].<ref name="rdbmslateryears20070612">{{Cite interview |interviewer=Burton Grad |title=RDBMS Plenary Session: The Later Years |url=https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/access/text/2013/05/102701921-05-01-acc.pdf |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Computer History Museum |date=2007-06-12}}</ref> هن ڏهاڪي [[ڊيسڪٽاپ ڪمپيوٽنگ]] جي دور جي شروعات ڪئي. نون ڪمپيوٽرن پنهنجن استعمال ڪندڙن کي [[لوٽس 1-2-3]] جهڙيون اسپريڊ شيٽون ۽ [[ڊي بيس]] جهڙو ڊيٽابيس سافٽويئر ڏنو. dBASE پيداوار هلڪي ۽ اهڙي هئي جو ڪو به ڪمپيوٽر استعمال ڪندڙ ان کي پهرين ئي استعمال ۾ سمجهي سگهي. [[سي. وين ريٽلف]]، جيڪو dBASE جو خالق هو، چيو ته: "dBASE اهڙن پروگرامن جهڙوڪ BASIC، C، FORTRAN، ۽ COBOL کان مختلف هئي، ڇاڪاڻ ته گهڻو 'گندو ڪم' اڳ ۾ ئي ٿي چڪو هوندو هو. ڊيٽا جي هٿرادو سنڀال dBASE ڪندي هئي، استعمال ڪندڙ نه، تنهن ڪري استعمال ڪندڙ ان ڪم تي ڌيان ڏئي سگهندو هو جيڪو هو ڪري رهيو آهي، بجاءِ ان جي جو فائلن کي کولڻ، پڙهڻ، بند ڪرڻ، ۽ جڳهه جي ورهاست سنڀالڻ جهڙن تفصيلن ۾ ڦاسي پوي."<ref>[http://www.foxprohistory.org/interview_wayne_ratliff.htm Interview with Wayne Ratliff]. The FoxPro History. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</ref> dBASE 1980ع ۽ 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي جي شروعات ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ وڪرو ٿيندڙ سافٽويئر عنوانن مان هڪ هئي. ===1990ع وارو ڏهاڪو، آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز=== هن ڏهاڪي جي شروعات تائين ڊيٽابيس تقريباً ڏهن سالن ۾ اربين ڊالرن جي صنعت بڻجي چڪا هئا.{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} 1990ع واري ڏهاڪي ۾، [[آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز پروگرامنگ]] جي اڀار سان گڏ، مختلف ڊيٽابيسن ۾ ڊيٽا کي سنڀالڻ جا طريقا به وڌيا. پروگرامر ۽ خاڪا ٺاهيندڙ پنهنجي ڊيٽابيسن جي ڊيٽا کي [[آبجڪٽ (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|آبجڪٽ]] طور ڏسڻ لڳا. يعني جيڪڏهن ڪنهن شخص جي ڊيٽا ڊيٽابيس ۾ هجي، ته ان شخص جون صفتون، جهڙوڪ پتو، فون نمبر، ۽ عمر، هاڻي ان شخص سان وابسته سمجهيون وينديون هيون، نه ڪي غير لاڳاپيل ٻاهرين ڊيٽا طور. ان سان ڊيٽا جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپا آبجڪٽن ۽ انهن جي [[خاصيت (پروگرامنگ)|خاصيتن]] سان جڙيل ٿي ويا، نه ڪي انفرادي خانن سان.<ref>Development of an object-oriented DBMS; Portland, Oregon, United States; Pages: 472–482; 1986; {{ISBN|0-89791-204-7}}</ref> "[[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل امپيڊنس مس ميچ]]" جو اصطلاح پروگرام ڪيل آبجڪٽن ۽ ڊيٽابيس جدولن جي وچ ۾ ترجمي جي تڪليف کي بيان ڪري ٿو. [[آبجڪٽ ڊيٽابيس]] ۽ [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ڊيٽابيس]] هن مسئلي جو حل ڳولڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿا، هڪ آبجڪٽ-مرڪوز ٻولي مهيا ڪري (ڪڏهن SQL جي توسيعن جي صورت ۾) جنهن کي پروگرامر خالص رليشنل SQL جي متبادل طور استعمال ڪري سگهن. پروگرامنگ جي پاسي، [[آبجڪٽ-رليشنل ميپنگ]] (ORMs) نالي لائبريريون به ساڳئي مسئلي کي حل ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪن ٿيون. ===2000ع وارو ڏهاڪو، NoSQL ۽ NewSQL=== {{Main|NoSQL|NewSQL}} [[ڊاٽ ڪام ببل]] دوران ڊيٽابيس وڪرو تيزيءَ سان وڌيا، ۽ ان جي خاتمي کان پوءِ [[اي-ڪامرس]] جي اڀار سان اهو سلسلو جاري رهيو. [[ماءِ ايس ڪيو ايل]] جهڙن [[کليل ذريعو]] ڊيٽابيسن جي مقبوليت 2000ع کان پوءِ ايتري وڌي جو اوريڪل جي Ken Jacobs 2005ع ۾ چيو ته "شايد هي ماڻهو اسان سان اهو ڪري رهيا آهن جيڪو اسان آئي بي ايم سان ڪيو هو".{{r|rdbmslateryears20070612}} [[ايڪس ايم ايل ڊيٽابيس]] هڪ قسم جا منظم دستاويز-مرڪوز ڊيٽابيس آهن، جيڪي [[ايڪس ايم ايل]] دستاويزن جي صفتن جي بنياد تي سوال ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏين ٿا. XML ڊيٽابيس گهڻو ڪري انهن ايپليڪيشنن ۾ استعمال ٿيندا آهن جتي ڊيٽا کي آساني سان دستاويزن جي مجموعي طور ڏٺو وڃي، ۽ جن جو ڍانچو انتهائي لچڪدار کان وٺي تمام سخت تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو: مثال طور سائنسي مقالا، پيٽنٽ، ٽيڪس گوشوارا، ۽ عملي جا رڪارڊ. [[نو ايس ڪيو ايل]] ڊيٽابيس اڪثر تمام تيز هوندا آهن،<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jordan |first=Meghan |title=NoSQL Latency |url=https://www ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا سائنس]] [[زمرو:انفارميشن سائنس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] m7lbc3h15foyh5356nun3qxzpplq71v 10 95530 375476 373961 2026-05-02T19:05:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* نتيجو */ 375476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ ڏنل جاءِ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> ھي سانچو ٽيمپليٽ جي استعمال کي ان جي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي (آئوٽ پٽ) سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ٽيمپليٽ جا پيراميٽر صرف ھڪ ڀيرو {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر ڏنا ويندا آھن، ۽ اھي ئي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي ٻنهي کي پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندا آھن۔ ھن مظاهري کي مختلف فارميٽن ۾ ڏيکاري سگھجي ٿو۔ ھي سانچو {{tl|test case nowiki}} جي بلڪل برابر آھي، جنھن ۾ {{para|showtemplate2}} ۽ {{para|showheader}} ٻنهي کي "نہ" تي سيٽ ڪيو ويو آھي۔ وڌيڪ اختيارن لاءِ [[سانچو:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki جي دستاويز]] ڏسو۔ == استعمال == === بنيادي ڍانچو === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki>}} <!-- يا --> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{<!-- template name with parameters -->}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> === عام ڍانچو === ھي اختيار سڀني فارميٽن سان ڪم ڪندا: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo | format = | collapsible = | resetRefs = | showcode = | showheader = | code = <nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki> }} </syntaxhighlight> ڪجهه فارميٽ اضافي پيراميٽر به قبول ڪن ٿا۔ تفصيل لاءِ سندن سيڪشن ڏسو۔ == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" |+ عام پيراميٽر |- ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | <code>code</code> يا <code>1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ ڪوڊ، {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر۔ ٽيمپليٽ نالي جي جاءِ تي "__TEMPLATENAME__" استعمال ڪريو۔ |- | <code>format</code> || ڏيک جو انداز: "default"، "inline"، "columns"، يا "rows" |- | <code>heading1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ لاءِ ڪسٽم سرخي |- | <code>showheader</code> || "no" تي سيٽ ڪرڻ سان سرخي لڪي ويندي |- | <code>collapsible</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان مظاهرو فولڊ ٿي سگھي ٿو |- | <code>resetRefs</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان هر ٽيسٽ بعد حوالا ري سيٽ ٿيندا |- | <code>showcode</code> || "no" ڪرڻ سان invocation لڪي ويندو |} {{para|collapsible|yes}} سان ان کي فولڊ ڪري سگھجي ٿو، ۽ {{para|title}} سان ڪسٽم عنوان ڏئي سگھجي ٿو۔ == مثال == === Default === ==== استعمال ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> ==== نتيجو ==== <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === ڊفالٽ، ويڙھجندڙ === {{nowiki template demo|collapsible=yes|<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} === انلائين === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{3x|Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} نوٽ: ھن فارميٽ ۾ بليٽ سبب نئين لائين پاڻمرادو شامل ٿيندي۔ === انلائين (نووڪي نتيجو) === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{URL|1=http://example.com}}</nowiki>}} == فني حدون == * جيڪڏھن صفحي جي پروسيسنگ 10 سيڪنڊن کان وڌيڪ ٿئي تہ غلطي ايندي * ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل حقيقتون (&lt; &gt; &quot;) کي اصل اکرن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو == پڻ ڏسو == ساڳيا سانچا: * [[سانچو:Demo]] * [[سانچو:Demo-inline]] * [[سانچو:Automarkup]] ٻيا: * [[سانچو:Test case]] * [[سانچو:Testcase rows]] * [[سانچو:Testcase table]] * [[سانچو:Inline test case]] * [[سانچو:Collapsible test case]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:نووڪي سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> mgjcx0nn8zvo5zmdtgs2ik6exoo04tq 375477 375476 2026-05-02T19:06:24Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* ڊفالٽ، ويڙھجندڙ */ 375477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ ڏنل جاءِ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> ھي سانچو ٽيمپليٽ جي استعمال کي ان جي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي (آئوٽ پٽ) سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ٽيمپليٽ جا پيراميٽر صرف ھڪ ڀيرو {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر ڏنا ويندا آھن، ۽ اھي ئي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي ٻنهي کي پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندا آھن۔ ھن مظاهري کي مختلف فارميٽن ۾ ڏيکاري سگھجي ٿو۔ ھي سانچو {{tl|test case nowiki}} جي بلڪل برابر آھي، جنھن ۾ {{para|showtemplate2}} ۽ {{para|showheader}} ٻنهي کي "نہ" تي سيٽ ڪيو ويو آھي۔ وڌيڪ اختيارن لاءِ [[سانچو:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki جي دستاويز]] ڏسو۔ == استعمال == === بنيادي ڍانچو === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki>}} <!-- يا --> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{<!-- template name with parameters -->}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> === عام ڍانچو === ھي اختيار سڀني فارميٽن سان ڪم ڪندا: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo | format = | collapsible = | resetRefs = | showcode = | showheader = | code = <nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki> }} </syntaxhighlight> ڪجهه فارميٽ اضافي پيراميٽر به قبول ڪن ٿا۔ تفصيل لاءِ سندن سيڪشن ڏسو۔ == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" |+ عام پيراميٽر |- ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | <code>code</code> يا <code>1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ ڪوڊ، {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر۔ ٽيمپليٽ نالي جي جاءِ تي "__TEMPLATENAME__" استعمال ڪريو۔ |- | <code>format</code> || ڏيک جو انداز: "default"، "inline"، "columns"، يا "rows" |- | <code>heading1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ لاءِ ڪسٽم سرخي |- | <code>showheader</code> || "no" تي سيٽ ڪرڻ سان سرخي لڪي ويندي |- | <code>collapsible</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان مظاهرو فولڊ ٿي سگھي ٿو |- | <code>resetRefs</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان هر ٽيسٽ بعد حوالا ري سيٽ ٿيندا |- | <code>showcode</code> || "no" ڪرڻ سان invocation لڪي ويندو |} {{para|collapsible|yes}} سان ان کي فولڊ ڪري سگھجي ٿو، ۽ {{para|title}} سان ڪسٽم عنوان ڏئي سگھجي ٿو۔ == مثال == === Default === ==== استعمال ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> ==== نتيجو ==== <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === ڊفالٽ، ويڙھجندڙ === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === انلائين === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|code=<nowiki>{{3x|Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} نوٽ: ھن فارميٽ ۾ بليٽ سبب نئين لائين پاڻمرادو شامل ٿيندي۔ === انلائين (نووڪي نتيجو) === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{URL|1=http://example.com}}</nowiki>}} == فني حدون == * جيڪڏھن صفحي جي پروسيسنگ 10 سيڪنڊن کان وڌيڪ ٿئي تہ غلطي ايندي * ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل حقيقتون (&lt; &gt; &quot;) کي اصل اکرن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو == پڻ ڏسو == ساڳيا سانچا: * [[سانچو:Demo]] * [[سانچو:Demo-inline]] * [[سانچو:Automarkup]] ٻيا: * [[سانچو:Test case]] * [[سانچو:Testcase rows]] * [[سانچو:Testcase table]] * [[سانچو:Inline test case]] * [[سانچو:Collapsible test case]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:نووڪي سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 3khdzqg4b9djwa9y2oz0oou2hmrgza8 375478 375477 2026-05-02T19:06:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* انلائين */ 375478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ ڏنل جاءِ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> ھي سانچو ٽيمپليٽ جي استعمال کي ان جي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي (آئوٽ پٽ) سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ٽيمپليٽ جا پيراميٽر صرف ھڪ ڀيرو {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر ڏنا ويندا آھن، ۽ اھي ئي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي ٻنهي کي پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندا آھن۔ ھن مظاهري کي مختلف فارميٽن ۾ ڏيکاري سگھجي ٿو۔ ھي سانچو {{tl|test case nowiki}} جي بلڪل برابر آھي، جنھن ۾ {{para|showtemplate2}} ۽ {{para|showheader}} ٻنهي کي "نہ" تي سيٽ ڪيو ويو آھي۔ وڌيڪ اختيارن لاءِ [[سانچو:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki جي دستاويز]] ڏسو۔ == استعمال == === بنيادي ڍانچو === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki>}} <!-- يا --> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{<!-- template name with parameters -->}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> === عام ڍانچو === ھي اختيار سڀني فارميٽن سان ڪم ڪندا: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo | format = | collapsible = | resetRefs = | showcode = | showheader = | code = <nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki> }} </syntaxhighlight> ڪجهه فارميٽ اضافي پيراميٽر به قبول ڪن ٿا۔ تفصيل لاءِ سندن سيڪشن ڏسو۔ == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" |+ عام پيراميٽر |- ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | <code>code</code> يا <code>1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ ڪوڊ، {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر۔ ٽيمپليٽ نالي جي جاءِ تي "__TEMPLATENAME__" استعمال ڪريو۔ |- | <code>format</code> || ڏيک جو انداز: "default"، "inline"، "columns"، يا "rows" |- | <code>heading1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ لاءِ ڪسٽم سرخي |- | <code>showheader</code> || "no" تي سيٽ ڪرڻ سان سرخي لڪي ويندي |- | <code>collapsible</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان مظاهرو فولڊ ٿي سگھي ٿو |- | <code>resetRefs</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان هر ٽيسٽ بعد حوالا ري سيٽ ٿيندا |- | <code>showcode</code> || "no" ڪرڻ سان invocation لڪي ويندو |} {{para|collapsible|yes}} سان ان کي فولڊ ڪري سگھجي ٿو، ۽ {{para|title}} سان ڪسٽم عنوان ڏئي سگھجي ٿو۔ == مثال == === Default === ==== استعمال ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> ==== نتيجو ==== <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === ڊفالٽ، ويڙھجندڙ === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === انلائين === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> نوٽ: ھن فارميٽ ۾ بليٽ سبب نئين لائين پاڻمرادو شامل ٿيندي۔ === انلائين (نووڪي نتيجو) === {{nowiki template demo|format=inline|output=nowiki+|code=<nowiki>{{URL|1=http://example.com}}</nowiki>}} == فني حدون == * جيڪڏھن صفحي جي پروسيسنگ 10 سيڪنڊن کان وڌيڪ ٿئي تہ غلطي ايندي * ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل حقيقتون (&lt; &gt; &quot;) کي اصل اکرن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو == پڻ ڏسو == ساڳيا سانچا: * [[سانچو:Demo]] * [[سانچو:Demo-inline]] * [[سانچو:Automarkup]] ٻيا: * [[سانچو:Test case]] * [[سانچو:Testcase rows]] * [[سانچو:Testcase table]] * [[سانچو:Inline test case]] * [[سانچو:Collapsible test case]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:نووڪي سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> js6o7fsaz4eb46205bqed3sxhed9snh 375479 375478 2026-05-02T19:07:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* انلائين (نووڪي نتيجو) */ 375479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ ڏنل جاءِ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> ھي سانچو ٽيمپليٽ جي استعمال کي ان جي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي (آئوٽ پٽ) سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ٽيمپليٽ جا پيراميٽر صرف ھڪ ڀيرو {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر ڏنا ويندا آھن، ۽ اھي ئي انووڪيشن ۽ نتيجي ٻنهي کي پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندا آھن۔ ھن مظاهري کي مختلف فارميٽن ۾ ڏيکاري سگھجي ٿو۔ ھي سانچو {{tl|test case nowiki}} جي بلڪل برابر آھي، جنھن ۾ {{para|showtemplate2}} ۽ {{para|showheader}} ٻنهي کي "نہ" تي سيٽ ڪيو ويو آھي۔ وڌيڪ اختيارن لاءِ [[سانچو:Test case nowiki/doc|test case nowiki جي دستاويز]] ڏسو۔ == استعمال == === بنيادي ڍانچو === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki>}} <!-- يا --> {{nowiki template demo|<nowiki>{{<!-- template name with parameters -->}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> === عام ڍانچو === ھي اختيار سڀني فارميٽن سان ڪم ڪندا: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{nowiki template demo | format = | collapsible = | resetRefs = | showcode = | showheader = | code = <nowiki>{{[template name] | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }}</nowiki> }} </syntaxhighlight> ڪجهه فارميٽ اضافي پيراميٽر به قبول ڪن ٿا۔ تفصيل لاءِ سندن سيڪشن ڏسو۔ == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" |+ عام پيراميٽر |- ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | <code>code</code> يا <code>1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ ڪوڊ، {{tag|nowiki}} ٽيگ جي اندر۔ ٽيمپليٽ نالي جي جاءِ تي "__TEMPLATENAME__" استعمال ڪريو۔ |- | <code>format</code> || ڏيک جو انداز: "default"، "inline"، "columns"، يا "rows" |- | <code>heading1</code> || ٽيمپليٽ لاءِ ڪسٽم سرخي |- | <code>showheader</code> || "no" تي سيٽ ڪرڻ سان سرخي لڪي ويندي |- | <code>collapsible</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان مظاهرو فولڊ ٿي سگھي ٿو |- | <code>resetRefs</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان هر ٽيسٽ بعد حوالا ري سيٽ ٿيندا |- | <code>showcode</code> || "no" ڪرڻ سان invocation لڪي ويندو |} {{para|collapsible|yes}} سان ان کي فولڊ ڪري سگھجي ٿو، ۽ {{para|title}} سان ڪسٽم عنوان ڏئي سگھجي ٿو۔ == مثال == === Default === ==== استعمال ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="white-space:pre-wrap;"> {{nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}} </syntaxhighlight> ==== نتيجو ==== <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === ڊفالٽ، ويڙھجندڙ === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> === انلائين === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> نوٽ: ھن فارميٽ ۾ بليٽ سبب نئين لائين پاڻمرادو شامل ٿيندي۔ === انلائين (نووڪي نتيجو) === <code><nowiki>{{Nowiki template demo|code=<nowiki>{{ombox|text=Lorem ipsum}}</nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == فني حدون == * جيڪڏھن صفحي جي پروسيسنگ 10 سيڪنڊن کان وڌيڪ ٿئي تہ غلطي ايندي * ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل حقيقتون (&lt; &gt; &quot;) کي اصل اکرن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو == پڻ ڏسو == ساڳيا سانچا: * [[سانچو:Demo]] * [[سانچو:Demo-inline]] * [[سانچو:Automarkup]] ٻيا: * [[سانچو:Test case]] * [[سانچو:Testcase rows]] * [[سانچو:Testcase table]] * [[سانچو:Inline test case]] * [[سانچو:Collapsible test case]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:نووڪي سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> srdkh1529zx32egn6ixjjsd2e0h57on 828 95845 375331 375330 2026-05-02T11:59:50Z Intisar Ali 8681 375331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} piqjvur572qwu7u84r6e88nit8uo6m5 375332 375331 2026-05-02T12:01:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 375332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} lug7ms5kxjwc635diyvl11prejotyki 375333 375332 2026-05-02T12:02:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 375333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} hnik400fjjdac3oqvxuacrna4mnte15 375334 375333 2026-05-02T12:03:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 375334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} t88is2rwa683jgt6zzk455w18vj3haa 375335 375334 2026-05-02T12:05:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 375335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} n2b4qxjo6jxtstuth289ndp5794j11y 375337 375335 2026-05-02T12:06:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* مقدار (Volume) */ 375337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} mtvjqydv4afggpyo972aky0q6bdhlfw 375339 375337 2026-05-02T12:08:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 375339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} feyrw6bdz40aovvqpgxf37mzcc8rj8q 375341 375339 2026-05-02T12:13:26Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} rxdp9vct3kd22yx7t476g346fhducin 375348 375341 2026-05-02T12:22:00Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc]] کي [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 375341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Introduction}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} rxdp9vct3kd22yx7t476g346fhducin 375350 375348 2026-05-02T12:26:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Introduction}} ==تبديل جا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقلات== گهڻن تبديل وارن عاملن جون قيمتون جيڪي [[سانچو:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿيون، عالمي ۽ قومي معياري دستاويزن مان ورتل آهن: * {{cite book |author=Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Mètre |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |publisher=[[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] |orig-year=2006 |year=2014 |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} هن دستاويز ۾ سيڪشن 4.2 "ٻيون غير SI وحدتون جيڪي استعمال لاءِ سفارش ٿيل ناهن" ۾ NIST دستاويز ڏانهن ڳنڍ آهي۔ * {{cite book |last1=ٿامپسن |first1=ايمبلر |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) جي استعمال لاءِ رهنمائي - اشاعت 811، 2008 ايڊيشن، ٻي ڇپائي |date=نومبر 2008 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf |publisher=[[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]]، آمريڪي واپار کاتو |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} NIST دستاويز 7 عددن تائين درست تبديل جا عامل ڏئي ٿو۔ ٿلها (بولڊ) عامل بلڪل صحيح آهن۔ جيڪڏهن صحيح عامل 7 عددن کان وڌيڪ هجن ته انهن کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ پوءِ اهي مڪمل طور صحيح نه رهندا آهن۔ هي ڪنورٽ ماڊيول انهن گول ڪيل انگن جي جاءِ تي صحيح انگن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ مثال طور، NIST دستاويز ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2.589 988 E+06 چورس ميٽر آهي، جڏهن ته ڪنورٽ سانچي ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2,589,988.110336 چورس ميٽر آهي۔ بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون قيمتون ''NIST حوالو براءِ مستقلات، وحدتون ۽ غير يقيني'' مان ورتيون ويون آهن، يا ته 2010 يا 2014 واري نسخي مان۔ 2018 وارو نسخو تياري هيٺ آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ وحدتن بابت مضمونن کي هر چار سالن ۾ نون نسخن سان تازه ڪاري ٿيڻ گهرجي، پر هتي مهيا ڪيل ڪجهه وڌيڪ [[معنيٰ خيز انگ]] شايد هن سانچي جي استعمال لاءِ ضروري نه آهن۔ * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2010 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/all_2010.pdf}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |last3=نيوئل |first3=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2010 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=1527–1605 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527}} * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2014 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&All+values.x=57&All+values.y=9}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=نيوئل |first2=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |last3=ٽيلر |first3=بيري اين۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2014 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=3 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009}} وڌيڪ تاريخي ماپن جون وضاحتون اهڙن ذريعن ۾ ملن ٿيون جيئن: * {{cite book |last=فيننا |first=ڊونلڊ |title=وزنن، ماپن ۽ وحدتن جي لغت |year=2002 |publisher=آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس |isbn=978-0-19-107898-9}} == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} br7353o9t433kwsb4bg3qdli41k0dtl 375351 375350 2026-05-02T12:27:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 375351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Introduction}} ==تبديل جا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقلات== گهڻن تبديل وارن عاملن جون قيمتون جيڪي [[سانچو:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿيون، عالمي ۽ قومي معياري دستاويزن مان ورتل آهن: * {{cite book |author=Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Mètre |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |publisher=[[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] |orig-year=2006 |year=2014 |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} هن دستاويز ۾ سيڪشن 4.2 "ٻيون غير SI وحدتون جيڪي استعمال لاءِ سفارش ٿيل ناهن" ۾ NIST دستاويز ڏانهن ڳنڍ آهي۔ * {{cite book |last1=ٿامپسن |first1=ايمبلر |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) جي استعمال لاءِ رهنمائي - اشاعت 811، 2008 ايڊيشن، ٻي ڇپائي |date=نومبر 2008 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf |publisher=[[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]]، آمريڪي واپار کاتو |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} NIST دستاويز 7 عددن تائين درست تبديل جا عامل ڏئي ٿو۔ ٿلها (بولڊ) عامل بلڪل صحيح آهن۔ جيڪڏهن صحيح عامل 7 عددن کان وڌيڪ هجن ته انهن کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ پوءِ اهي مڪمل طور صحيح نه رهندا آهن۔ هي ڪنورٽ ماڊيول انهن گول ڪيل انگن جي جاءِ تي صحيح انگن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ مثال طور، NIST دستاويز ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2.589 988 E+06 چورس ميٽر آهي، جڏهن ته ڪنورٽ سانچي ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2,589,988.110336 چورس ميٽر آهي۔ بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون قيمتون ''NIST حوالو براءِ مستقلات، وحدتون ۽ غير يقيني'' مان ورتيون ويون آهن، يا ته 2010 يا 2014 واري نسخي مان۔ 2018 وارو نسخو تياري هيٺ آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ وحدتن بابت مضمونن کي هر چار سالن ۾ نون نسخن سان تازه ڪاري ٿيڻ گهرجي، پر هتي مهيا ڪيل ڪجهه وڌيڪ [[معنيٰ خيز انگ]] شايد هن سانچي جي استعمال لاءِ ضروري نه آهن۔ * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2010 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/all_2010.pdf}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |last3=نيوئل |first3=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2010 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=1527–1605 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527}} * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2014 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&All+values.x=57&All+values.y=9}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=نيوئل |first2=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |last3=ٽيلر |first3=بيري اين۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2014 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=3 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009}} وڌيڪ تاريخي ماپن جون وضاحتون اهڙن ذريعن ۾ ملن ٿيون جيئن: * {{cite book |last=فيننا |first=ڊونلڊ |title=وزنن، ماپن ۽ وحدتن جي لغت |year=2002 |publisher=آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس |isbn=978-0-19-107898-9}} == ٽيبل جو فارميٽ == === فارميٽ === هي اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پڙهي ٿو، هيٺين سيڪشنن ۾ موجود وڪي ٽيڪسٽ کان سواءِ باقي سڀ ڪجھ نظرانداز ڪري ٿو: :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Conversions ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Input multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Output multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Combinations ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Defaults ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Links ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Automatic per units ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Overrides ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Variable names ==}}</code> {{green|(استعمال ٿيل [[:sl:Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/dok#Variable names|سلواڪي وڪي]] تي)}} انهن سيڪشنن ۾، ليول-3 سرخي (جهڙوڪ <code>{{nowrap|1==== ڊگھائي ===}}</code>) هڪ ٽيبل جي شروعات ڪري ٿي جيڪا ڪنهن خاص قسم جي وحدتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿي۔ ذيلي سيڪشن ۾، اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، پروسيس ڪيون وڃن ٿيون (ٻيون سڀ سٽون، ۽ اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|-</code> يا <code>|}</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، نظرانداز ڪيون وڃن ٿيون)۔ هر پروسيس ٿيل سٽ کي فيلڊن ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو (جيڪي <code>||</code> سان جدا ٿين ٿيون)، ۽ هر فيلڊ مان اڳيون ۽ پويون خالي جڳهون هٽايون وڃن ٿيون۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ خالي فيلڊن کي ڊفالٽ قيمت ڏني ويندي آهي (مثال طور، ''yard'' جو جمع ''s'' شامل ڪري ٺاهيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ آمريڪي نالا پڻ ''yard'' ۽ ''yards'' آهن)۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ هر قطار جو ٻيو فيلڊ عام طور تي وحدت جو نشان ڏيکاري ٿو، پر هي ٻين مقصدن لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي هيٺ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن۔ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ٻئي فيلڊ جو متن ڊگهو ٿي سگهي ٿو، ۽ اهو آسان آهي ته <code>colspan="11"&nbsp;|</code> متن کان اڳ شامل ڪيو وڃي ته جيئن اهو تنگ ڪالم ۾ ٽٽڻ کان بچي وڃي۔ اهڙو ڪو به <code>colspan</code> جيڪو ٻئي فيلڊ جي شروعات ۾ هجي، نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ === عرف (Alias) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ ڪنهن ٻي هجي جي متبادل نالي طور استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ مثال طور، <code>ft2</code> ڪوڊ، <code>sqft</code> جو عرف آهي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ <code>=sqft</code> Symbol ڪالم ۾ داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ عرف صرف ان وقت داخل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جڏهن بنيادي وحدت اڳ ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي (يعني <code>sqft</code> واري داخلا <code>ft2</code> کان اڳ هئڻ گهرجي)۔ عام طور تي عرف واري سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هونديون آهن، پر هيٺيون اختيار استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا: *<code>abbr=off</code> ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته عرف استعمال ڪرڻ سان نشان بدران نالو ڏيکاريو وڃي *<code>default = ''unit code''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڊفالٽ نتيجو بنيادي وحدت کان مختلف آهي *<code>link = ''link text''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڳنڍ مختلف آهي *<code>multiplier = ''number''</code> جيئن "multiplier = 100" سان <code>100km</code> جي وضاحت ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>sp=us</code> آمريڪي هجي لاڳو ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>symbol = ''symbol text''</code> مختلف نشان ڏيڻ لاءِ *<code>symlink = ''link text''</code> مختصر ٿيل حالت ۾ مختلف ڳنڍ ڏيڻ لاءِ === في يونٽ === هڪ وحدت ٻن ٻين وحدتن جي نسبت طور بيان ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، <code>L/km</code> کي "لٽر في ڪلوميٽر" طور بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ Symbol ۾ <code>==L/km</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هڪ <code>=</code> عرف لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جڏهن ته <code>==</code> ٻن وحدتن جي نسبت ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان علاوه، في يونٽ "ڪرنسي في يونٽ" جي صورت ۾ به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ماڊيول "$" ۽ "£" کي ڪرنسي نشان طور سڃاڻي ٿو۔ مثال طور، <code>|120|$/acre</code> ڏيکاريندو "$120 في ايڪڙ" يا "$120/acre" جيڪڏهن مختصر ڪيو وڃي۔ === هجڻ گهرجي (Should be) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجن—جيڪڏهن اهي استعمال ٿين، ته سانچو غلطي پيغام ڏيکاريندو۔ مثال طور، <code>feet</code> استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ Symbol ڪالم ۾ <code>!''Message''</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هن سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ === نالو استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتون پنهنجو نالو استعمال ڪن ٿيون بجاءِ نشان جي۔ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نشان کان اڳ <code>~</code> لڳايو وڃي ٿو۔ === ڊفالٽ لاءِ يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتن ۾ <code>*</code> سان شروع ٿيندڙ نشان هوندو آهي۔ اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته استثنا ڳولڻ لاءِ نشان بدران يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو ويندو۔ === SI اڳياڙا === Prefix ڪالم خالي رکيو وڃي جيڪڏهن SI اڳياڙا استعمال نه ٿين، <code>SI</code> جيڪڏهن ٿين، <code>SI2</code> چورس وحدتن لاءِ، ۽ <code>SI3</code> ڪعبي لاءِ۔ === نالو === وحدت جو نالو لازمي آهي، جمع اختياري آهي۔ جيڪڏهن جمع نه ڏنو وڃي ته "s" شامل ڪري ٺاهيو ويندو۔ آمريڪي نالا به اختياري آهن۔ === استثنا === هجائي استثنا الڳ قطار ذريعي بيان ڪيا وڃن ٿا، جيئن <code>ha</code> جيڪو "hectare" ٺاهي ٿو۔ === پيمانو (Scale) === پيمانو اها قيمت آهي جيڪا بنيادي وحدت ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي۔ مثال طور <code>1e6</code> يا <code>1/12</code>۔ === اضافي === Extra ڪالم عام طور خالي هوندو آهي، پر خاص حالتن ۾ ڪوڊ يا آفسيٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ === اندروني وحدتون === ڪجهه وحدتن جي تبديل ماڊيول ۾ اڳ ۾ ٺهيل هوندي آهي (مثال طور Mach رفتار)۔ === ڊفالٽ === ڊفالٽ اهو ٻڌائي ٿو ته جيڪڏهن نتيجي لاءِ ڪا وحدت نه ڏني وڃي ته ڪهڙي وحدت استعمال ٿيندي۔ === گڏيل (Composite) === گڏيل وحدت ٻن يا وڌيڪ وحدتن مان ٺهي ٿي، مثال طور <code>|2|ft|6|in</code>۔ === گهڻيون (Multiple) === گهڻيون وحدتون نتيجي طور ڏيکاري سگهجن ٿيون، مثال طور <code>ftin</code>۔ === ڳنڍ (Link) === Link ڪالم ان مضمون جو عنوان آهي جيڪو ان وحدت سان لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيڪڏهن <code>+</code>، <code>*</code> يا <code>@</code> لڳايو وڃي ته اضافي متن ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ === Override === ڪجهه ڪوڊ SI اڳياڙن سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا، تنهنڪري انهن کي Overrides سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔ === روايتون (Conventions) === ڪجهه ڪوڊ صرف استثنا لاءِ هوندا آهن ۽ سانچي ۾ استعمال ناهن ٿيندا، جيئن <code>-ft-frac</code>۔ == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} ff5s1g5uiewgfrxu4hidxfrvltzrssz 375352 375351 2026-05-02T12:30:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 375352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Introduction}} ==تبديل جا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقلات== گهڻن تبديل وارن عاملن جون قيمتون جيڪي [[سانچو:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿيون، عالمي ۽ قومي معياري دستاويزن مان ورتل آهن: * {{cite book |author=Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Mètre |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |publisher=[[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] |orig-year=2006 |year=2014 |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} هن دستاويز ۾ سيڪشن 4.2 "ٻيون غير SI وحدتون جيڪي استعمال لاءِ سفارش ٿيل ناهن" ۾ NIST دستاويز ڏانهن ڳنڍ آهي۔ * {{cite book |last1=ٿامپسن |first1=ايمبلر |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) جي استعمال لاءِ رهنمائي - اشاعت 811، 2008 ايڊيشن، ٻي ڇپائي |date=نومبر 2008 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf |publisher=[[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]]، آمريڪي واپار کاتو |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} NIST دستاويز 7 عددن تائين درست تبديل جا عامل ڏئي ٿو۔ ٿلها (بولڊ) عامل بلڪل صحيح آهن۔ جيڪڏهن صحيح عامل 7 عددن کان وڌيڪ هجن ته انهن کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ پوءِ اهي مڪمل طور صحيح نه رهندا آهن۔ هي ڪنورٽ ماڊيول انهن گول ڪيل انگن جي جاءِ تي صحيح انگن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ مثال طور، NIST دستاويز ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2.589 988 E+06 چورس ميٽر آهي، جڏهن ته ڪنورٽ سانچي ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2,589,988.110336 چورس ميٽر آهي۔ بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون قيمتون ''NIST حوالو براءِ مستقلات، وحدتون ۽ غير يقيني'' مان ورتيون ويون آهن، يا ته 2010 يا 2014 واري نسخي مان۔ 2018 وارو نسخو تياري هيٺ آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ وحدتن بابت مضمونن کي هر چار سالن ۾ نون نسخن سان تازه ڪاري ٿيڻ گهرجي، پر هتي مهيا ڪيل ڪجهه وڌيڪ [[معنيٰ خيز انگ]] شايد هن سانچي جي استعمال لاءِ ضروري نه آهن۔ * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2010 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/all_2010.pdf}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |last3=نيوئل |first3=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2010 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=1527–1605 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527}} * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2014 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&All+values.x=57&All+values.y=9}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=نيوئل |first2=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |last3=ٽيلر |first3=بيري اين۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2014 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=3 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009}} وڌيڪ تاريخي ماپن جون وضاحتون اهڙن ذريعن ۾ ملن ٿيون جيئن: * {{cite book |last=فيننا |first=ڊونلڊ |title=وزنن، ماپن ۽ وحدتن جي لغت |year=2002 |publisher=آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس |isbn=978-0-19-107898-9}} == ٽيبل جو فارميٽ == === فارميٽ === هي اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پڙهي ٿو، هيٺين سيڪشنن ۾ موجود وڪي ٽيڪسٽ کان سواءِ باقي سڀ ڪجھ نظرانداز ڪري ٿو: :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Conversions ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Input multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Output multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Combinations ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Defaults ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Links ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Automatic per units ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Overrides ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Variable names ==}}</code> {{green|(استعمال ٿيل [[:sl:Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/dok#Variable names|سلواڪي وڪي]] تي)}} انهن سيڪشنن ۾، ليول-3 سرخي (جهڙوڪ <code>{{nowrap|1==== ڊگھائي ===}}</code>) هڪ ٽيبل جي شروعات ڪري ٿي جيڪا ڪنهن خاص قسم جي وحدتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿي۔ ذيلي سيڪشن ۾، اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، پروسيس ڪيون وڃن ٿيون (ٻيون سڀ سٽون، ۽ اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|-</code> يا <code>|}</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، نظرانداز ڪيون وڃن ٿيون)۔ هر پروسيس ٿيل سٽ کي فيلڊن ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو (جيڪي <code>||</code> سان جدا ٿين ٿيون)، ۽ هر فيلڊ مان اڳيون ۽ پويون خالي جڳهون هٽايون وڃن ٿيون۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ خالي فيلڊن کي ڊفالٽ قيمت ڏني ويندي آهي (مثال طور، ''yard'' جو جمع ''s'' شامل ڪري ٺاهيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ آمريڪي نالا پڻ ''yard'' ۽ ''yards'' آهن)۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ هر قطار جو ٻيو فيلڊ عام طور تي وحدت جو نشان ڏيکاري ٿو، پر هي ٻين مقصدن لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي هيٺ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن۔ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ٻئي فيلڊ جو متن ڊگهو ٿي سگهي ٿو، ۽ اهو آسان آهي ته <code>colspan="11"&nbsp;|</code> متن کان اڳ شامل ڪيو وڃي ته جيئن اهو تنگ ڪالم ۾ ٽٽڻ کان بچي وڃي۔ اهڙو ڪو به <code>colspan</code> جيڪو ٻئي فيلڊ جي شروعات ۾ هجي، نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ === عرف (Alias) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ ڪنهن ٻي هجي جي متبادل نالي طور استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ مثال طور، <code>ft2</code> ڪوڊ، <code>sqft</code> جو عرف آهي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ <code>=sqft</code> Symbol ڪالم ۾ داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ عرف صرف ان وقت داخل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جڏهن بنيادي وحدت اڳ ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي (يعني <code>sqft</code> واري داخلا <code>ft2</code> کان اڳ هئڻ گهرجي)۔ عام طور تي عرف واري سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هونديون آهن، پر هيٺيون اختيار استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا: *<code>abbr=off</code> ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته عرف استعمال ڪرڻ سان نشان بدران نالو ڏيکاريو وڃي *<code>default = ''unit code''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڊفالٽ نتيجو بنيادي وحدت کان مختلف آهي *<code>link = ''link text''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڳنڍ مختلف آهي *<code>multiplier = ''number''</code> جيئن "multiplier = 100" سان <code>100km</code> جي وضاحت ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>sp=us</code> آمريڪي هجي لاڳو ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>symbol = ''symbol text''</code> مختلف نشان ڏيڻ لاءِ *<code>symlink = ''link text''</code> مختصر ٿيل حالت ۾ مختلف ڳنڍ ڏيڻ لاءِ === في يونٽ === هڪ وحدت ٻن ٻين وحدتن جي نسبت طور بيان ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، <code>L/km</code> کي "لٽر في ڪلوميٽر" طور بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ Symbol ۾ <code>==L/km</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هڪ <code>=</code> عرف لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جڏهن ته <code>==</code> ٻن وحدتن جي نسبت ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان علاوه، في يونٽ "ڪرنسي في يونٽ" جي صورت ۾ به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ماڊيول "$" ۽ "£" کي ڪرنسي نشان طور سڃاڻي ٿو۔ مثال طور، <code>|120|$/acre</code> ڏيکاريندو "$120 في ايڪڙ" يا "$120/acre" جيڪڏهن مختصر ڪيو وڃي۔ === هجڻ گهرجي (Should be) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجن—جيڪڏهن اهي استعمال ٿين، ته سانچو غلطي پيغام ڏيکاريندو۔ مثال طور، <code>feet</code> استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ Symbol ڪالم ۾ <code>!''Message''</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هن سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ === نالو استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتون پنهنجو نالو استعمال ڪن ٿيون بجاءِ نشان جي۔ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نشان کان اڳ <code>~</code> لڳايو وڃي ٿو۔ === ڊفالٽ لاءِ يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتن ۾ <code>*</code> سان شروع ٿيندڙ نشان هوندو آهي۔ اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته استثنا ڳولڻ لاءِ نشان بدران يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو ويندو۔ === SI اڳياڙا === Prefix ڪالم خالي رکيو وڃي جيڪڏهن SI اڳياڙا استعمال نه ٿين، <code>SI</code> جيڪڏهن ٿين، <code>SI2</code> چورس وحدتن لاءِ، ۽ <code>SI3</code> ڪعبي لاءِ۔ === نالو === وحدت جو نالو لازمي آهي، جمع اختياري آهي۔ جيڪڏهن جمع نه ڏنو وڃي ته "s" شامل ڪري ٺاهيو ويندو۔ آمريڪي نالا به اختياري آهن۔ === استثنا === هجائي استثنا الڳ قطار ذريعي بيان ڪيا وڃن ٿا، جيئن <code>ha</code> جيڪو "hectare" ٺاهي ٿو۔ === پيمانو (Scale) === پيمانو اها قيمت آهي جيڪا بنيادي وحدت ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي۔ مثال طور <code>1e6</code> يا <code>1/12</code>۔ === اضافي === Extra ڪالم عام طور خالي هوندو آهي، پر خاص حالتن ۾ ڪوڊ يا آفسيٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ === اندروني وحدتون === ڪجهه وحدتن جي تبديل ماڊيول ۾ اڳ ۾ ٺهيل هوندي آهي (مثال طور Mach رفتار)۔ === ڊفالٽ === ڊفالٽ اهو ٻڌائي ٿو ته جيڪڏهن نتيجي لاءِ ڪا وحدت نه ڏني وڃي ته ڪهڙي وحدت استعمال ٿيندي۔ === گڏيل (Composite) === گڏيل وحدت ٻن يا وڌيڪ وحدتن مان ٺهي ٿي، مثال طور <code>|2|ft|6|in</code>۔ === گهڻيون (Multiple) === گهڻيون وحدتون نتيجي طور ڏيکاري سگهجن ٿيون، مثال طور <code>ftin</code>۔ === ڳنڍ (Link) === Link ڪالم ان مضمون جو عنوان آهي جيڪو ان وحدت سان لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيڪڏهن <code>+</code>، <code>*</code> يا <code>@</code> لڳايو وڃي ته اضافي متن ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ === Override === ڪجهه ڪوڊ SI اڳياڙن سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا، تنهنڪري انهن کي Overrides سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔ === روايتون (Conventions) === ڪجهه ڪوڊ صرف استثنا لاءِ هوندا آهن ۽ سانچي ۾ استعمال ناهن ٿيندا، جيئن <code>-ft-frac</code>۔ == انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن == هيٺ ڏنل ڊيٽا ۾ بيان ڪيل وحدتن کان علاوه، وڏي پيماني واريون وحدتون جهڙوڪ <code>e6km</code> (ملين ڪلوميٽر) استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ هيٺيان اڳياڙا استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، ۽ جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} هجي ته ڳنڍيل نالا ڏيکاريا ويندا: * <code>e3</code> (هزار) * <code>e6</code> (ملين) * <code>e9</code> ([[1000000000 (عدد)|بلين]]) * <code>e12</code> ([[1000000000000 (عدد)|ٽرلين]]) * <code>e15</code> ([[1000000000000000 (عدد)|ڪواڊرلين]]) ڪا به معياري وحدت (گڏيل، گهڻائي، يا اندروني ٺهيل نه) انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن اڳياڙي کان پوءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "گرمي پد جي تبديلي" واريون وحدتون به شامل آهن، پر "گرمي پد" واريون وحدتون نه۔ == وحدتن بابت نوٽس == === توانائي ۽ ٽارڪ === روايت موجب، قوت-مفاصلو طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ lbft يا kgf.m) ٽارڪ آهن، ۽ مفاصلو-قوت طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ ftlbf) توانائي آهن۔ ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:طرزنامو/عدد#وحدتن جا نالا]] ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا بحث:طرزنامو/تاريخون ۽ عدد/آرڪائيو 135#فٽ-پائونڊ ۽ پائونڊ-فٽ|بحث]]، ۽ پڻ ڏسو [[پائونڊ-فٽ (ٽارڪ)]] ۽ [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]]۔ بهرحال، ڪجهه موضوع روايتي وحدتون استعمال ڪن ٿا جيڪي مٿين روايت سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿيون۔ انهن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ، [[ماڊيول:Convert/makeunits]] ۾ <code>specials</code> ٽيبل شامل آهي، جيڪا ڪجهه اجازت ڏنل وحدتن ۾ "alttype" (متبادل قسم) فيلڊ شامل ڪري ٿي۔ alttype فيلڊ مختلف قسمن جي وحدتن جي وچ ۾ تبديلي جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، بشرطيڪه هر وحدت اهڙي تبديلي لاءِ اجازت ڏنل هجي۔ ڊسمبر 2013 تائين، هيٺين توانائي وحدتن وٽ alttype = "torque" آهي (پهرين سٽ مختلف وحدتن تي مشتمل آهي، جڏهن ته ٻي سٽ پهرين سٽ وارين وحدتن جي عرفن تي مشتمل آهي): *ftlb, ftlb-f, ftlbf, inlb, inlb-f, inlbf, inoz-f, inozf *ft.lbf, ft·lb-f, ft·lbf, in.lb-f, in.lbf, in.oz-f, in.ozf, in·lb-f, in·lbf, in·oz-f, in·ozf هيٺين ٽارڪ وحدتن وٽ alttype = "energy" آهي: *Nm *N.m, N·m مثال طور، هيٺين تبديلي ان باوجود ڪم ڪري ٿي جو Nm ٽارڪ آهي ۽ ftlbf توانائي آهي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}} === ڊگھائي === [[زاويائي تعدد]] ۽ [[تعدد]] مان هر هڪ جي هن فهرست ۾ هڪ وحدت آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊگھائي کي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه [[موجي ڊگھائي]] بابت آهي، ۽ تعدد کي زاويائي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه گردش بابت آهي۔ == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} 4u44r6zd1h45xm3ehc1zn67mkr2is4e 375353 375352 2026-05-02T12:33:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/introduction}} ==تبديل جا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقلات== گهڻن تبديل وارن عاملن جون قيمتون جيڪي [[سانچو:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿيون، عالمي ۽ قومي معياري دستاويزن مان ورتل آهن: * {{cite book |author=Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Mètre |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |publisher=[[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] |orig-year=2006 |year=2014 |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} هن دستاويز ۾ سيڪشن 4.2 "ٻيون غير SI وحدتون جيڪي استعمال لاءِ سفارش ٿيل ناهن" ۾ NIST دستاويز ڏانهن ڳنڍ آهي۔ * {{cite book |last1=ٿامپسن |first1=ايمبلر |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) جي استعمال لاءِ رهنمائي - اشاعت 811، 2008 ايڊيشن، ٻي ڇپائي |date=نومبر 2008 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf |publisher=[[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]]، آمريڪي واپار کاتو |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} NIST دستاويز 7 عددن تائين درست تبديل جا عامل ڏئي ٿو۔ ٿلها (بولڊ) عامل بلڪل صحيح آهن۔ جيڪڏهن صحيح عامل 7 عددن کان وڌيڪ هجن ته انهن کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ پوءِ اهي مڪمل طور صحيح نه رهندا آهن۔ هي ڪنورٽ ماڊيول انهن گول ڪيل انگن جي جاءِ تي صحيح انگن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ مثال طور، NIST دستاويز ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2.589 988 E+06 چورس ميٽر آهي، جڏهن ته ڪنورٽ سانچي ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2,589,988.110336 چورس ميٽر آهي۔ بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون قيمتون ''NIST حوالو براءِ مستقلات، وحدتون ۽ غير يقيني'' مان ورتيون ويون آهن، يا ته 2010 يا 2014 واري نسخي مان۔ 2018 وارو نسخو تياري هيٺ آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ وحدتن بابت مضمونن کي هر چار سالن ۾ نون نسخن سان تازه ڪاري ٿيڻ گهرجي، پر هتي مهيا ڪيل ڪجهه وڌيڪ [[معنيٰ خيز انگ]] شايد هن سانچي جي استعمال لاءِ ضروري نه آهن۔ * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2010 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/all_2010.pdf}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |last3=نيوئل |first3=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2010 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=1527–1605 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527}} * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2014 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&All+values.x=57&All+values.y=9}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=نيوئل |first2=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |last3=ٽيلر |first3=بيري اين۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2014 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=3 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009}} وڌيڪ تاريخي ماپن جون وضاحتون اهڙن ذريعن ۾ ملن ٿيون جيئن: * {{cite book |last=فيننا |first=ڊونلڊ |title=وزنن، ماپن ۽ وحدتن جي لغت |year=2002 |publisher=آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس |isbn=978-0-19-107898-9}} == ٽيبل جو فارميٽ == === فارميٽ === هي اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پڙهي ٿو، هيٺين سيڪشنن ۾ موجود وڪي ٽيڪسٽ کان سواءِ باقي سڀ ڪجھ نظرانداز ڪري ٿو: :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Conversions ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Input multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Output multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Combinations ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Defaults ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Links ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Automatic per units ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Overrides ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Variable names ==}}</code> {{green|(استعمال ٿيل [[:sl:Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/dok#Variable names|سلواڪي وڪي]] تي)}} انهن سيڪشنن ۾، ليول-3 سرخي (جهڙوڪ <code>{{nowrap|1==== ڊگھائي ===}}</code>) هڪ ٽيبل جي شروعات ڪري ٿي جيڪا ڪنهن خاص قسم جي وحدتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿي۔ ذيلي سيڪشن ۾، اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، پروسيس ڪيون وڃن ٿيون (ٻيون سڀ سٽون، ۽ اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|-</code> يا <code>|}</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، نظرانداز ڪيون وڃن ٿيون)۔ هر پروسيس ٿيل سٽ کي فيلڊن ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو (جيڪي <code>||</code> سان جدا ٿين ٿيون)، ۽ هر فيلڊ مان اڳيون ۽ پويون خالي جڳهون هٽايون وڃن ٿيون۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ خالي فيلڊن کي ڊفالٽ قيمت ڏني ويندي آهي (مثال طور، ''yard'' جو جمع ''s'' شامل ڪري ٺاهيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ آمريڪي نالا پڻ ''yard'' ۽ ''yards'' آهن)۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ هر قطار جو ٻيو فيلڊ عام طور تي وحدت جو نشان ڏيکاري ٿو، پر هي ٻين مقصدن لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي هيٺ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن۔ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ٻئي فيلڊ جو متن ڊگهو ٿي سگهي ٿو، ۽ اهو آسان آهي ته <code>colspan="11"&nbsp;|</code> متن کان اڳ شامل ڪيو وڃي ته جيئن اهو تنگ ڪالم ۾ ٽٽڻ کان بچي وڃي۔ اهڙو ڪو به <code>colspan</code> جيڪو ٻئي فيلڊ جي شروعات ۾ هجي، نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ === عرف (Alias) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ ڪنهن ٻي هجي جي متبادل نالي طور استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ مثال طور، <code>ft2</code> ڪوڊ، <code>sqft</code> جو عرف آهي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ <code>=sqft</code> Symbol ڪالم ۾ داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ عرف صرف ان وقت داخل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جڏهن بنيادي وحدت اڳ ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي (يعني <code>sqft</code> واري داخلا <code>ft2</code> کان اڳ هئڻ گهرجي)۔ عام طور تي عرف واري سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هونديون آهن، پر هيٺيون اختيار استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا: *<code>abbr=off</code> ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته عرف استعمال ڪرڻ سان نشان بدران نالو ڏيکاريو وڃي *<code>default = ''unit code''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڊفالٽ نتيجو بنيادي وحدت کان مختلف آهي *<code>link = ''link text''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڳنڍ مختلف آهي *<code>multiplier = ''number''</code> جيئن "multiplier = 100" سان <code>100km</code> جي وضاحت ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>sp=us</code> آمريڪي هجي لاڳو ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>symbol = ''symbol text''</code> مختلف نشان ڏيڻ لاءِ *<code>symlink = ''link text''</code> مختصر ٿيل حالت ۾ مختلف ڳنڍ ڏيڻ لاءِ === في يونٽ === هڪ وحدت ٻن ٻين وحدتن جي نسبت طور بيان ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، <code>L/km</code> کي "لٽر في ڪلوميٽر" طور بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ Symbol ۾ <code>==L/km</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هڪ <code>=</code> عرف لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جڏهن ته <code>==</code> ٻن وحدتن جي نسبت ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان علاوه، في يونٽ "ڪرنسي في يونٽ" جي صورت ۾ به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ماڊيول "$" ۽ "£" کي ڪرنسي نشان طور سڃاڻي ٿو۔ مثال طور، <code>|120|$/acre</code> ڏيکاريندو "$120 في ايڪڙ" يا "$120/acre" جيڪڏهن مختصر ڪيو وڃي۔ === هجڻ گهرجي (Should be) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجن—جيڪڏهن اهي استعمال ٿين، ته سانچو غلطي پيغام ڏيکاريندو۔ مثال طور، <code>feet</code> استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ Symbol ڪالم ۾ <code>!''Message''</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هن سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ === نالو استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتون پنهنجو نالو استعمال ڪن ٿيون بجاءِ نشان جي۔ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نشان کان اڳ <code>~</code> لڳايو وڃي ٿو۔ === ڊفالٽ لاءِ يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتن ۾ <code>*</code> سان شروع ٿيندڙ نشان هوندو آهي۔ اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته استثنا ڳولڻ لاءِ نشان بدران يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو ويندو۔ === SI اڳياڙا === Prefix ڪالم خالي رکيو وڃي جيڪڏهن SI اڳياڙا استعمال نه ٿين، <code>SI</code> جيڪڏهن ٿين، <code>SI2</code> چورس وحدتن لاءِ، ۽ <code>SI3</code> ڪعبي لاءِ۔ === نالو === وحدت جو نالو لازمي آهي، جمع اختياري آهي۔ جيڪڏهن جمع نه ڏنو وڃي ته "s" شامل ڪري ٺاهيو ويندو۔ آمريڪي نالا به اختياري آهن۔ === استثنا === هجائي استثنا الڳ قطار ذريعي بيان ڪيا وڃن ٿا، جيئن <code>ha</code> جيڪو "hectare" ٺاهي ٿو۔ === پيمانو (Scale) === پيمانو اها قيمت آهي جيڪا بنيادي وحدت ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي۔ مثال طور <code>1e6</code> يا <code>1/12</code>۔ === اضافي === Extra ڪالم عام طور خالي هوندو آهي، پر خاص حالتن ۾ ڪوڊ يا آفسيٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ === اندروني وحدتون === ڪجهه وحدتن جي تبديل ماڊيول ۾ اڳ ۾ ٺهيل هوندي آهي (مثال طور Mach رفتار)۔ === ڊفالٽ === ڊفالٽ اهو ٻڌائي ٿو ته جيڪڏهن نتيجي لاءِ ڪا وحدت نه ڏني وڃي ته ڪهڙي وحدت استعمال ٿيندي۔ === گڏيل (Composite) === گڏيل وحدت ٻن يا وڌيڪ وحدتن مان ٺهي ٿي، مثال طور <code>|2|ft|6|in</code>۔ === گهڻيون (Multiple) === گهڻيون وحدتون نتيجي طور ڏيکاري سگهجن ٿيون، مثال طور <code>ftin</code>۔ === ڳنڍ (Link) === Link ڪالم ان مضمون جو عنوان آهي جيڪو ان وحدت سان لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيڪڏهن <code>+</code>، <code>*</code> يا <code>@</code> لڳايو وڃي ته اضافي متن ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ === Override === ڪجهه ڪوڊ SI اڳياڙن سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا، تنهنڪري انهن کي Overrides سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔ === روايتون (Conventions) === ڪجهه ڪوڊ صرف استثنا لاءِ هوندا آهن ۽ سانچي ۾ استعمال ناهن ٿيندا، جيئن <code>-ft-frac</code>۔ == انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن == هيٺ ڏنل ڊيٽا ۾ بيان ڪيل وحدتن کان علاوه، وڏي پيماني واريون وحدتون جهڙوڪ <code>e6km</code> (ملين ڪلوميٽر) استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ هيٺيان اڳياڙا استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، ۽ جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} هجي ته ڳنڍيل نالا ڏيکاريا ويندا: * <code>e3</code> (هزار) * <code>e6</code> (ملين) * <code>e9</code> ([[1000000000 (عدد)|بلين]]) * <code>e12</code> ([[1000000000000 (عدد)|ٽرلين]]) * <code>e15</code> ([[1000000000000000 (عدد)|ڪواڊرلين]]) ڪا به معياري وحدت (گڏيل، گهڻائي، يا اندروني ٺهيل نه) انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن اڳياڙي کان پوءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "گرمي پد جي تبديلي" واريون وحدتون به شامل آهن، پر "گرمي پد" واريون وحدتون نه۔ == وحدتن بابت نوٽس == === توانائي ۽ ٽارڪ === روايت موجب، قوت-مفاصلو طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ lbft يا kgf.m) ٽارڪ آهن، ۽ مفاصلو-قوت طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ ftlbf) توانائي آهن۔ ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:طرزنامو/عدد#وحدتن جا نالا]] ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا بحث:طرزنامو/تاريخون ۽ عدد/آرڪائيو 135#فٽ-پائونڊ ۽ پائونڊ-فٽ|بحث]]، ۽ پڻ ڏسو [[پائونڊ-فٽ (ٽارڪ)]] ۽ [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]]۔ بهرحال، ڪجهه موضوع روايتي وحدتون استعمال ڪن ٿا جيڪي مٿين روايت سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿيون۔ انهن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ، [[ماڊيول:Convert/makeunits]] ۾ <code>specials</code> ٽيبل شامل آهي، جيڪا ڪجهه اجازت ڏنل وحدتن ۾ "alttype" (متبادل قسم) فيلڊ شامل ڪري ٿي۔ alttype فيلڊ مختلف قسمن جي وحدتن جي وچ ۾ تبديلي جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، بشرطيڪه هر وحدت اهڙي تبديلي لاءِ اجازت ڏنل هجي۔ ڊسمبر 2013 تائين، هيٺين توانائي وحدتن وٽ alttype = "torque" آهي (پهرين سٽ مختلف وحدتن تي مشتمل آهي، جڏهن ته ٻي سٽ پهرين سٽ وارين وحدتن جي عرفن تي مشتمل آهي): *ftlb, ftlb-f, ftlbf, inlb, inlb-f, inlbf, inoz-f, inozf *ft.lbf, ft·lb-f, ft·lbf, in.lb-f, in.lbf, in.oz-f, in.ozf, in·lb-f, in·lbf, in·oz-f, in·ozf هيٺين ٽارڪ وحدتن وٽ alttype = "energy" آهي: *Nm *N.m, N·m مثال طور، هيٺين تبديلي ان باوجود ڪم ڪري ٿي جو Nm ٽارڪ آهي ۽ ftlbf توانائي آهي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}} === ڊگھائي === [[زاويائي تعدد]] ۽ [[تعدد]] مان هر هڪ جي هن فهرست ۾ هڪ وحدت آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊگھائي کي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه [[موجي ڊگھائي]] بابت آهي، ۽ تعدد کي زاويائي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه گردش بابت آهي۔ == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} 3qru6b7756hsj2z1zgb08rb1psf5usa 375354 375353 2026-05-02T12:37:02Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375354 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{notice|1=هي دستاويز [[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|ڪنورزن ڊيٽا صفحي]] جي شروعات ۾ شامل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔}} </noinclude>{{ombox |small=yes |style=width:170px; |text=هي دستاويز<br />شامل ڪيو ويو آهي<br /><noinclude>[[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data|اتي]]</noinclude><includeonly>[[Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/introduction|هتان]] کان</includeonly>.}} هيٺ ڏنل فهرست ڪنورزن ڊيٽا جي بنيادي (ماسٽر) فهرست آهي جيڪا [[Module:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿي، جيتوڻيڪ ڪجهه وڌيڪ وحدتون عارضي طور تي [[Module:Convert/extra]] تي ٿي سگهن ٿيون۔ وحدتن بابت بحث [[Template talk:Convert]] تي ٿيڻ گهرجي۔ هي صفحو هڪ اسڪرپٽ ([[Module:Convert/makeunits|ميڪ يونٽس]]) ذريعي پڙهيو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان ڄاڻ ڪڍي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ [[Lua (programming language)|لوا]] سورس تيار ڪري ٿو جيڪو وحدتن جي ٽيبل جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو؛ اهو سورس هٿ سان نقل ڪري [[Module:Convert/data]] ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ ==تبديل جا عامل ۽ طبعياتي مستقلات== گهڻن تبديل وارن عاملن جون قيمتون جيڪي [[سانچو:Convert]] ۾ استعمال ٿين ٿيون، عالمي ۽ قومي معياري دستاويزن مان ورتل آهن: * {{cite book |author=Organisation Intergouvernementale de la Convention du Mètre |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) |url=https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |publisher=[[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] |orig-year=2006 |year=2014 |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} هن دستاويز ۾ سيڪشن 4.2 "ٻيون غير SI وحدتون جيڪي استعمال لاءِ سفارش ٿيل ناهن" ۾ NIST دستاويز ڏانهن ڳنڍ آهي۔ * {{cite book |last1=ٿامپسن |first1=ايمبلر |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |title=بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون (SI) جي استعمال لاءِ رهنمائي - اشاعت 811، 2008 ايڊيشن، ٻي ڇپائي |date=نومبر 2008 |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication811e2008.pdf |publisher=[[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]]، آمريڪي واپار کاتو |accessdate=26 جون 2018}} NIST دستاويز 7 عددن تائين درست تبديل جا عامل ڏئي ٿو۔ ٿلها (بولڊ) عامل بلڪل صحيح آهن۔ جيڪڏهن صحيح عامل 7 عددن کان وڌيڪ هجن ته انهن کي گول ڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ پوءِ اهي مڪمل طور صحيح نه رهندا آهن۔ هي ڪنورٽ ماڊيول انهن گول ڪيل انگن جي جاءِ تي صحيح انگن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ مثال طور، NIST دستاويز ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2.589 988 E+06 چورس ميٽر آهي، جڏهن ته ڪنورٽ سانچي ۾ 1 چورس ميل = 2,589,988.110336 چورس ميٽر آهي۔ بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون قيمتون ''NIST حوالو براءِ مستقلات، وحدتون ۽ غير يقيني'' مان ورتيون ويون آهن، يا ته 2010 يا 2014 واري نسخي مان۔ 2018 وارو نسخو تياري هيٺ آهي۔ جيتوڻيڪ وحدتن بابت مضمونن کي هر چار سالن ۾ نون نسخن سان تازه ڪاري ٿيڻ گهرجي، پر هتي مهيا ڪيل ڪجهه وڌيڪ [[معنيٰ خيز انگ]] شايد هن سانچي جي استعمال لاءِ ضروري نه آهن۔ * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2010 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/all_2010.pdf}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=ٽيلر |first2=بيري اين۔ |last3=نيوئل |first3=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2010 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=84 |issue=4 |year=2012 |pages=1527–1605 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1527}} * {{cite web |title=CODATA 2014 ٽيبل NIST تي |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Category?view=pdf&All+values.x=57&All+values.y=9}} کان {{cite journal |last1=موهر |first1=پيٽر جي۔ |last2=نيوئل |first2=ڊيوڊ بي۔ |last3=ٽيلر |first3=بيري اين۔ |title=بنيادي طبعياتي مستقلات جون CODATA سفارش ڪيل قيمتون: 2014 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |volume=88 |issue=3 |year=2016 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009}} وڌيڪ تاريخي ماپن جون وضاحتون اهڙن ذريعن ۾ ملن ٿيون جيئن: * {{cite book |last=فيننا |first=ڊونلڊ |title=وزنن، ماپن ۽ وحدتن جي لغت |year=2002 |publisher=آڪسفورڊ يونيورسٽي پريس |isbn=978-0-19-107898-9}} == ٽيبل جو فارميٽ == === فارميٽ === هي اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پڙهي ٿو، هيٺين سيڪشنن ۾ موجود وڪي ٽيڪسٽ کان سواءِ باقي سڀ ڪجھ نظرانداز ڪري ٿو: :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Conversions ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Input multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Output multiples ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Combinations ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Defaults ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Links ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Automatic per units ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Overrides ==}}</code> :: <code>{{nowrap|1=== Variable names ==}}</code> {{green|(استعمال ٿيل [[:sl:Module:Convert/documentation/conversion data/dok#Variable names|سلواڪي وڪي]] تي)}} انهن سيڪشنن ۾، ليول-3 سرخي (جهڙوڪ <code>{{nowrap|1==== ڊگھائي ===}}</code>) هڪ ٽيبل جي شروعات ڪري ٿي جيڪا ڪنهن خاص قسم جي وحدتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿي۔ ذيلي سيڪشن ۾، اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، پروسيس ڪيون وڃن ٿيون (ٻيون سڀ سٽون، ۽ اهي سٽون جيڪي <code>|-</code> يا <code>|}</code> سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، نظرانداز ڪيون وڃن ٿيون)۔ هر پروسيس ٿيل سٽ کي فيلڊن ۾ ورهايو وڃي ٿو (جيڪي <code>||</code> سان جدا ٿين ٿيون)، ۽ هر فيلڊ مان اڳيون ۽ پويون خالي جڳهون هٽايون وڃن ٿيون۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ خالي فيلڊن کي ڊفالٽ قيمت ڏني ويندي آهي (مثال طور، ''yard'' جو جمع ''s'' شامل ڪري ٺاهيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ آمريڪي نالا پڻ ''yard'' ۽ ''yards'' آهن)۔ Conversions سيڪشن ۾ هر قطار جو ٻيو فيلڊ عام طور تي وحدت جو نشان ڏيکاري ٿو، پر هي ٻين مقصدن لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪي هيٺ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن۔ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ٻئي فيلڊ جو متن ڊگهو ٿي سگهي ٿو، ۽ اهو آسان آهي ته <code>colspan="11"&nbsp;|</code> متن کان اڳ شامل ڪيو وڃي ته جيئن اهو تنگ ڪالم ۾ ٽٽڻ کان بچي وڃي۔ اهڙو ڪو به <code>colspan</code> جيڪو ٻئي فيلڊ جي شروعات ۾ هجي، نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ === عرف (Alias) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ ڪنهن ٻي هجي جي متبادل نالي طور استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ مثال طور، <code>ft2</code> ڪوڊ، <code>sqft</code> جو عرف آهي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ <code>=sqft</code> Symbol ڪالم ۾ داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ عرف صرف ان وقت داخل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جڏهن بنيادي وحدت اڳ ۾ بيان ٿيل هجي (يعني <code>sqft</code> واري داخلا <code>ft2</code> کان اڳ هئڻ گهرجي)۔ عام طور تي عرف واري سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هونديون آهن، پر هيٺيون اختيار استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا: *<code>abbr=off</code> ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته عرف استعمال ڪرڻ سان نشان بدران نالو ڏيکاريو وڃي *<code>default = ''unit code''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڊفالٽ نتيجو بنيادي وحدت کان مختلف آهي *<code>link = ''link text''</code> ٻڌائڻ لاءِ ته عرف جو ڳنڍ مختلف آهي *<code>multiplier = ''number''</code> جيئن "multiplier = 100" سان <code>100km</code> جي وضاحت ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>sp=us</code> آمريڪي هجي لاڳو ڪرڻ لاءِ *<code>symbol = ''symbol text''</code> مختلف نشان ڏيڻ لاءِ *<code>symlink = ''link text''</code> مختصر ٿيل حالت ۾ مختلف ڳنڍ ڏيڻ لاءِ === في يونٽ === هڪ وحدت ٻن ٻين وحدتن جي نسبت طور بيان ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ مثال طور، <code>L/km</code> کي "لٽر في ڪلوميٽر" طور بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ Symbol ۾ <code>==L/km</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هڪ <code>=</code> عرف لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جڏهن ته <code>==</code> ٻن وحدتن جي نسبت ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ان کان علاوه، في يونٽ "ڪرنسي في يونٽ" جي صورت ۾ به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ماڊيول "$" ۽ "£" کي ڪرنسي نشان طور سڃاڻي ٿو۔ مثال طور، <code>|120|$/acre</code> ڏيکاريندو "$120 في ايڪڙ" يا "$120/acre" جيڪڏهن مختصر ڪيو وڃي۔ === هجڻ گهرجي (Should be) === ڪجهه وحدتي ڪوڊ استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجن—جيڪڏهن اهي استعمال ٿين، ته سانچو غلطي پيغام ڏيکاريندو۔ مثال طور، <code>feet</code> استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجي، ۽ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ Symbol ڪالم ۾ <code>!''Message''</code> داخل ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ هن سٽ تي ٻيون داخلا نه هجڻ گهرجن۔ === نالو استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتون پنهنجو نالو استعمال ڪن ٿيون بجاءِ نشان جي۔ اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نشان کان اڳ <code>~</code> لڳايو وڃي ٿو۔ === ڊفالٽ لاءِ يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو === ڪجهه وحدتن ۾ <code>*</code> سان شروع ٿيندڙ نشان هوندو آهي۔ اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته استثنا ڳولڻ لاءِ نشان بدران يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو ويندو۔ === SI اڳياڙا === Prefix ڪالم خالي رکيو وڃي جيڪڏهن SI اڳياڙا استعمال نه ٿين، <code>SI</code> جيڪڏهن ٿين، <code>SI2</code> چورس وحدتن لاءِ، ۽ <code>SI3</code> ڪعبي لاءِ۔ === نالو === وحدت جو نالو لازمي آهي، جمع اختياري آهي۔ جيڪڏهن جمع نه ڏنو وڃي ته "s" شامل ڪري ٺاهيو ويندو۔ آمريڪي نالا به اختياري آهن۔ === استثنا === هجائي استثنا الڳ قطار ذريعي بيان ڪيا وڃن ٿا، جيئن <code>ha</code> جيڪو "hectare" ٺاهي ٿو۔ === پيمانو (Scale) === پيمانو اها قيمت آهي جيڪا بنيادي وحدت ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿي۔ مثال طور <code>1e6</code> يا <code>1/12</code>۔ === اضافي === Extra ڪالم عام طور خالي هوندو آهي، پر خاص حالتن ۾ ڪوڊ يا آفسيٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ === اندروني وحدتون === ڪجهه وحدتن جي تبديل ماڊيول ۾ اڳ ۾ ٺهيل هوندي آهي (مثال طور Mach رفتار)۔ === ڊفالٽ === ڊفالٽ اهو ٻڌائي ٿو ته جيڪڏهن نتيجي لاءِ ڪا وحدت نه ڏني وڃي ته ڪهڙي وحدت استعمال ٿيندي۔ === گڏيل (Composite) === گڏيل وحدت ٻن يا وڌيڪ وحدتن مان ٺهي ٿي، مثال طور <code>|2|ft|6|in</code>۔ === گهڻيون (Multiple) === گهڻيون وحدتون نتيجي طور ڏيکاري سگهجن ٿيون، مثال طور <code>ftin</code>۔ === ڳنڍ (Link) === Link ڪالم ان مضمون جو عنوان آهي جيڪو ان وحدت سان لاڳاپيل آهي۔ جيڪڏهن <code>+</code>، <code>*</code> يا <code>@</code> لڳايو وڃي ته اضافي متن ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ === Override === ڪجهه ڪوڊ SI اڳياڙن سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا، تنهنڪري انهن کي Overrides سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔ === روايتون (Conventions) === ڪجهه ڪوڊ صرف استثنا لاءِ هوندا آهن ۽ سانچي ۾ استعمال ناهن ٿيندا، جيئن <code>-ft-frac</code>۔ == انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن == هيٺ ڏنل ڊيٽا ۾ بيان ڪيل وحدتن کان علاوه، وڏي پيماني واريون وحدتون جهڙوڪ <code>e6km</code> (ملين ڪلوميٽر) استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ هيٺيان اڳياڙا استعمال ٿي سگهن ٿا، ۽ جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} هجي ته ڳنڍيل نالا ڏيکاريا ويندا: * <code>e3</code> (هزار) * <code>e6</code> (ملين) * <code>e9</code> ([[1000000000 (عدد)|بلين]]) * <code>e12</code> ([[1000000000000 (عدد)|ٽرلين]]) * <code>e15</code> ([[1000000000000000 (عدد)|ڪواڊرلين]]) ڪا به معياري وحدت (گڏيل، گهڻائي، يا اندروني ٺهيل نه) انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن اڳياڙي کان پوءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿي، جنهن ۾ "گرمي پد جي تبديلي" واريون وحدتون به شامل آهن، پر "گرمي پد" واريون وحدتون نه۔ == وحدتن بابت نوٽس == === توانائي ۽ ٽارڪ === روايت موجب، قوت-مفاصلو طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ lbft يا kgf.m) ٽارڪ آهن، ۽ مفاصلو-قوت طور لکيل وحدتون (جهڙوڪ ftlbf) توانائي آهن۔ ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:طرزنامو/عدد#وحدتن جا نالا]] ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا بحث:طرزنامو/تاريخون ۽ عدد/آرڪائيو 135#فٽ-پائونڊ ۽ پائونڊ-فٽ|بحث]]، ۽ پڻ ڏسو [[پائونڊ-فٽ (ٽارڪ)]] ۽ [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]]۔ بهرحال، ڪجهه موضوع روايتي وحدتون استعمال ڪن ٿا جيڪي مٿين روايت سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿيون۔ انهن کي سنڀالڻ لاءِ، [[ماڊيول:Convert/makeunits]] ۾ <code>specials</code> ٽيبل شامل آهي، جيڪا ڪجهه اجازت ڏنل وحدتن ۾ "alttype" (متبادل قسم) فيلڊ شامل ڪري ٿي۔ alttype فيلڊ مختلف قسمن جي وحدتن جي وچ ۾ تبديلي جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، بشرطيڪه هر وحدت اهڙي تبديلي لاءِ اجازت ڏنل هجي۔ ڊسمبر 2013 تائين، هيٺين توانائي وحدتن وٽ alttype = "torque" آهي (پهرين سٽ مختلف وحدتن تي مشتمل آهي، جڏهن ته ٻي سٽ پهرين سٽ وارين وحدتن جي عرفن تي مشتمل آهي): *ftlb, ftlb-f, ftlbf, inlb, inlb-f, inlbf, inoz-f, inozf *ft.lbf, ft·lb-f, ft·lbf, in.lb-f, in.lbf, in.oz-f, in.ozf, in·lb-f, in·lbf, in·oz-f, in·ozf هيٺين ٽارڪ وحدتن وٽ alttype = "energy" آهي: *Nm *N.m, N·m مثال طور، هيٺين تبديلي ان باوجود ڪم ڪري ٿي جو Nm ٽارڪ آهي ۽ ftlbf توانائي آهي: *<code><nowiki>{{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}}</nowiki></code> → {{convert|1|Nm|ftlbf}} === ڊگھائي === [[زاويائي تعدد]] ۽ [[تعدد]] مان هر هڪ جي هن فهرست ۾ هڪ وحدت آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته ڊگھائي کي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه [[موجي ڊگھائي]] بابت آهي، ۽ تعدد کي زاويائي تعدد ۾ تبديل ڪري سگهجي ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو فرض ڪيو وڃي ته ڳالهه گردش بابت آهي۔ == تبديليون == هيٺيان جدول اهي معياري ايڪا بيان ڪن ٿا جيڪي تبديلي لاءِ موجود آهن۔ === جذب ٿيل تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Gy || Gy || || 1 || || گري || || || || SI || rad || [[گري (ايڪو)]] |- | rad || rad || || 0.01 || || ريڊ || || || || SI || Gy || [[ريڊ (ايڪو)]] |} === تيزي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/s2 || cm/s² || || 0.01 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[گال (ايڪو)]] |- | ft/s2 || ft/s² || || 0.3048 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ || || || || m/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في فٽ]] |- | g0 || ''g''₀ || || 9.80665 || || معياري ڪشش ثقل || معياري ڪشش ثقلون || || || || m/s2 || [[معياري ڪشش ثقل]] |- | g-force || ''g'' || || 9.80665 || || ''g'' || ''g'' || || || || m/s2 || [[جي-فورس]] |- | km/hs || km/(h⋅s) || || 5/18 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | km/s2 || km/s² || || 1000 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ڪلوميٽر || || mph/s || [[تيزي]] |- | m/s2 || m/s² || || 1 || || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر || || ft/s2 || [[چورس سيڪنڊ في ميٽر]] |- | mph/s || mph/s || || 0.44704 || || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || في سيڪنڊ ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/hs || [[تيزي]] |- | km/h/s || =km/hs |- | standard gravity || =g0 |} === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | 1000sqft || 1000&nbsp;sq&nbsp;ft || || 92.90304 || || هزار چورس فٽ || هزار چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | a || a || || 100 || || آر || || || || SI || sqft || [[ھيڪٽر#آر]] |- | acre || ~acre || || 4046.8564224 || || ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | acre-sing || =acre |- | arpent || ~arpent || || 3418.89 || || آرپينٽ || || || || || ha || [[آرپينٽ]] |- | cda || cda || || 3930.395625 || || ڪويردا || || || || || ha acre || [[ڪويردا]] |- | daa || daa || || 1000 || || ڊيڪيئر || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ڊيڪيئر]] |- | dunam || ~dunam || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | dunum || ~dunum || || 1000 || || دونم || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[دونم]] |- | ha || ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | hectare || ~ha || || 10,000 || || ھيڪٽر || || || || || acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | Irish acre || Irish&nbsp;acres || || 6555.2385024 || || آئرش ايڪڙ || || || || || ha || [[ايڪڙ (آئرش)]] |- | m2 || m² || || 1 || || چورس %sميٽر || || چورس %sميٽر || || SI2 || sqft || [[چورس ميٽر]] |- | pondemaat || pond || || 3674.363358816 || || پونڊيمات || پونڊيمات || || || || m2 || [[:nl:pondemaat]] |- | pyeong || ~pyeong || || 400/121 || || پيانگ || پيانگ || || || || m2 || [[پيانگ]] |- | rai || rai || || 1600 || || رائي || رائي || || || || m2 || [[رائي (ايڪو)]] |- | rood || ~rood || || 1011.7141056 || || روڊ || || || || || sqft m2 || [[روڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | sqfoot || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqft || sq&nbsp;ft || || 0.09290304 || || چورس فٽ || چورس فٽ || || || || m2 || [[چورس فٽ]] |- | sqin || sq&nbsp;in || || 0.00064516 || || چورس انچ || چورس انچ || || || || cm2 || [[چورس انچ]] |- | sqmi || sq&nbsp;mi || || 2,589,988.110336 || || چورس ميل || || || || || km2 || [[چورس ميل]] |- | sqnmi || sq&nbsp;nmi || || 3,429,904 || || چورس ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | sqperch || ~perch || || 25.29285264 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || m2 || [[راڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم]] |- | sqverst || ~square verst || || 1138062.24 || || چورس ورسٽ || || || || || km2 sqmi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | sqyd || sq&nbsp;yd || || 0.83612736 || || چورس گز || || || || || m2 || [[چورس گز]] |- | tsubo || ~tsubo || || 400/121 || || تسوبو || تسوبو || || || || m2 || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ايراضي]] |- | acres || =acre |- | are || =a |- | decare || =daa |- | foot2 || =sqfoot |- | ft2 || =sqft || symbol = ft² |- | in2 || =sqin || symbol = in² |- | km² || =km2 |- | mi2 || =sqmi || symbol = mi² |- | million acre || =e6acre |- | million acres || =e6acre |- | million hectares || =e6ha |- | m² || =m2 |- | nmi2 || =sqnmi |- | pond || =pondemaat |- | sq arp || =arpent |- | sqkm || =km2 |- | sqm || =m2 |- | square verst || =sqverst |- | verst2 || =sqverst |- | yd2 || =sqyd || symbol = yd² |} === في ايراضي ايڪو ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | m2/ha || m²/ha || || 0.0001 || || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || في ھيڪٽر چورس ميٽر || || sqft/acre || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |- | sqft/acre || sq&nbsp;ft/acre || || 1/43560 || || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || في ايڪڙ چورس فٽ || || || || m2/ha || [[بنيادي ايراضي]] |} === سينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cent || ¢ || || 1 || || سينٽ || || || || || cent || [[سينٽ (ڪرنسي)]] |- | ¢ || =cent |} === چارج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A.h || A⋅h || || 3600 || || ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ || || || || || coulomb || [[ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ]] |- | coulomb || C || || 1 || || ڪولومب || || || || SI || e || [[ڪولومب]] |- | e || ''e'' || || 1.602176634e-19 || || بنيادي چارج || || || || || coulomb || [[بنيادي چارج]] |} === ڪيميائي مقدار === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol || g&#8209;mol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol || gmol || || 1 || || گرام-مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol || kmol || || 1000 || || ڪلوميول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol || lb&#8209;mol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol || lbmol || || 453.59237 || || پائونڊ-مول || || || || || mol || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mol || mol || || 1 || || مول || || || || || lbmol || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |} === في حجم ايڪو CO2 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kgCO2/L || kg(CO₂)/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/USgal || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/USgal || lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.003785411784 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/L || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === ارتڪاز === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | oz/lb || ==oz/lb || default = mg/kg |- | mg/kg || ==mg/kg || default = oz/lb |} === ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/dm3 || g/dm³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر گرام || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/L || g/L || || 1 || || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || في ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/mL || g/mL || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/ml || g/ml || || 1000 || || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || في ملي ليٽر گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/dm3 || kg/dm³ || || 1000 || || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuft || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/L || kg/L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/l || kg/l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || في ليٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/USgal || [[ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m3 || kg/m³ || || 1 || || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪعبي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/cuyd || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuft || lb/cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.45359237/0.028316846592 || || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي فٽ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuin || lb/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/cuyd || lb/cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.45359237/0.764554857984 || || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || في ڪعبي گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/impgal || lb/imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.45359237/0.00454609 || || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || في امپيريل گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/in3 || lb/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/U.S.gal || lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lb/USbu || lb/US&nbsp;bu || || 0.45359237/0.03523907016688 || || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || في آمريڪي بشل پائونڊ || || || || kg/m3 || [[بشل]] |- | lb/USgal || lb/US&nbsp;gal || || 589081/4916.1192 || || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || في آمريڪي گيلن پائونڊ || || || || kg/L || [[ڪثافت]] |- | lbm/cuin || lbm/cu&thinsp;in || || 45359237/1638.7064 || || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || في ڪعبي انچ پائونڊ ماس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | mg/L || mg/L || || 0.001 || || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || في ليٽر ملي گرام || || lb/cuin || [[ڪثافت]] |- | oz/cuin || oz/cu&nbsp;in || || 453592.37/16.387064/16 || || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || في ڪعبي انچ اونس || || || || g/cm3 || [[ڪثافت]] |- | g/cm3 || ==g/cm3 || default = lb/cuin |- | g/m3 || ==g/m3 || default = lb/cuyd || link = [[ڪثافت]] |- | Mg/m3 || ==Mg/m3 || default = lb/cuft |- | mg/l || ==mg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | μg/dL || ==μg/dL || default = lb/cuin |- | μg/l || ==μg/ll || default = oz/cuin |- | lb/ft3 || =lb/cuft |- | lb/yd3 || =lb/cuyd |- | lbm/in3 || =lbm/cuin |- | mcg/dL || =μg/dL |- | oz/in3 || =oz/cuin |- | ug/dL || =μg/dL |- | ug/l || =μg/l |} === توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | B.O.T.U. || B.O.T.U. || || 3,600,000 || || بورڊ آف ٽريڊ ايڪو || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | bboe || bboe || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BOE || BOE || || 6,117,863,200 || || تيل جي برابر بيرل || تيل جي برابر بيرل || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | BTU || BTU || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu || Btu || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-39F || BTU_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-39F || Btu_39°F || || 1059.67 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (39°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (39°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-59F || BTU_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-59F || Btu_59°F || || 1054.804 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (59°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (59°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-60F || BTU_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-60F || Btu_60°F || || 1054.68 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (60°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (60°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-63F || BTU_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-63F || Btu_63°F || || 1054.6 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (63°F) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (63°F) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-ISO || BTU_ISO || || 1055.056 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (ISO) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (ISO) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-ISO || =BTU-ISO |- | BTU-IT || BTU_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-IT || Btu_IT || || 1055.05585262 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (IT) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (IT) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-mean || BTU_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-mean || Btu_mean || || 1055.87 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (اوسط) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (اوسط) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | BTU-th || BTU_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Btu-th || Btu_th || || 1054.35026444 || || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Cal || Cal || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal || cal || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري || || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-15 || Cal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-15 || cal₁₅ || || 4.1858 || || ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-IT || Cal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-IT || cal_IT || || 4.1868 || || ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal-th || Cal_th || || 4184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal-th || cal_th || || 4.184 || || ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || J || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CHU-IT || CHU_IT || || 1899.100534716 || || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪو (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || سيلسيس حرارتي ايڪا (انٽرنيشنل ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cufootnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | cuftnaturalgas || ~cuftnaturalgas || || 1,055,055.85262 || || قدرتي گئس جو ڪعبي فٽ || قدرتي گئس جا ڪعبي فٽ || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | Eh || ''E''_h || || 4.35974417e-18 || || هارٽري || || || || || eV || [[هارٽري]] |- | erg || erg || || 0.0000001 || || ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | eV || eV || || 1.602176634e-19 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || aJ || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | foe || foe || || 1e44 || || فو || || || || || YJ || [[فو (ايڪو)]] |- | ftlb || ft⋅lb || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlb-f || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftlbf || ft⋅lbf || || 1.3558179483314004 || || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || فٽ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | ftpdl || ft⋅pdl || || 0.0421401100938048 || || فٽ-پائونڊل || || || || || J || [[فٽ-پائونڊل]] |- | gTNT || ~gram of TNT || || 4184 || || TNT جو گرام || TNT جا گرام || || || || kJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Gtoe || Gtoe || || 4.1868e19 || || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | GtonTNT || ~gigaton of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگاٽن || TNT جا گيگاٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GtTNT || ~gigatonne of TNT || || 4.184e18 || || TNT جو گيگا ٽن || TNT جا گيگا ٽن || || || || EJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | GW.h || GW⋅h || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | GWh || GWh || || 3.6e12 || || گيگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || TJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | hph || hp⋅h || || 2,684,519.537696172792 || || هارس پاور-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kWh || [[هارس پاور]] |- | inlb || in⋅lb || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ || || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlb-f || in⋅lb_f || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inlbf || in⋅lbf || || 0.1129848290276167 || || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || انچ-پائونڊ قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inoz-f || in⋅oz_f || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | inozf || in⋅ozf || || 0.00706155181422604375 || || انچ-اونس قوت || انچ-اونس قوت || || || || mJ || [[فٽ-پائونڊ (توانائي)]] |- | J || J || || 1 || || جول || || || || SI || cal || [[جول]] |- | kBOE || kBOE || || 6.1178632e12 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || تيل جي برابر ڪلو بيرل || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر بيرل]] |- | kcal || kcal || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري || || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-15 || kcal₁₅ || || 4185.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (15°C) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-IT || kcal_IT || || 4186.8 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kcal-th || kcal_th || || 4184 || || ڪلو ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ڪلو ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || kJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kerg || kerg || || 0.0001 || || ڪلو ارگ || || || || || mJ || [[ارگ]] |- | kgTNT || ~kilogram of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ڪلوگرام || TNT جا ڪلوگرام || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kt(TNT) || kt || || 4.184e12 || || ڪلو ٽن || || ڪلوٽن || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktoe || ktoe || || 4.1868e13 || || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || تيل جي برابر ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | ktonTNT || kt || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلوٽن || TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT || ~kilotonne of TNT || || 4.184e12 || || TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || TJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | kW.h || kW⋅h || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh || kWh || || 3,600,000 || || ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || MJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Mcal || Mcal || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري || || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal || mcal || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري || || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-15 || Mcal₁₅ || || 4,185,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (15°C) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-15 || mcal₁₅ || || 0.0041858 || || ملي ڪيلوري (15°C) || ملي ڪيلوريون (15°C) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-IT || Mcal_IT || || 4,186,800 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-IT || mcal_IT || || 0.0041868 || || ملي ڪيلوري (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || ملي ڪيلوريون (انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Mcal-th || Mcal_th || || 4,184,000 || || ميگا ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ميگا ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || MJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | mcal-th || mcal_th || || 0.004184 || || ملي ڪيلوري (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || ملي ڪيلوريون (حرارتي-ڪيميائي) || || || || mJ || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Merg || Merg || || 0.1 || || ميگا ارگ || || || || || J || [[ارگ]] |- | merg || merg || || 0.0000000001 || || ملي ارگ || || || || || μJ || [[ارگ]] |- | MMBtu || MMBtu || || 1,055,055,852.62 || || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ملين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || GJ || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | Mt(TNT) || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || ميگا ٽن || || ميگاٽن || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | Mtoe || Mtoe || || 4.1868e16 || || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || تيل جي برابر ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | MtonTNT || Mt || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگاٽن || TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtonTNT || ~milliton of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو مليٽن || TNT جا مليٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT || ~megatonne of TNT || || 4.184e15 || || TNT جو ميگا ٽن || TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || PJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | mtTNT || ~millitonne of TNT || || 4,184,000 || || TNT جو ملي ٽن || TNT جا ملي ٽن || || || || MJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MW.h || MW⋅h || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mW.h || mW⋅h || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | MWh || MWh || || 3,600,000,000 || || ميگاواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || GJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | mWh || mWh || || 3.6 || || ملي واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || J || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | PSh || PSh || || 2647795.5 || || فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي || || || || || kWh || [[فئردي شترڪن شٽونڊي]] |- | quad || quad || || 1.054804e18 || || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || ڪواڊريلين برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || EJ || [[ڪواڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | Ry || Ry || || 2.1798741e-18 || || رڊبرگ || || || || || eV || [[رڊبرگ مستقل]] |- | scf || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | scfoot || scf || || 2869.2044809344 || || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || معياري ڪعبي فٽ || || || || kJ || [[معياري ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | t(TNT) || t || || 4,184,000,000 || || ٽن || || ٽن || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | th || th || || 4,186,800 || || ٿرمي || || || || || MJ || [[ايڪن جي تبديلي#توانائي]] |- | thm-EC || thm (EC) || || 105,506,000 || || ٿرم (EC) || ٿرمز (EC) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-UK || thm (UK) || || 105,505,585.257348 || || ٿرم (UK) || ٿرمز (UK) || || || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | thm-US || thm (US) || thm (U.S.) || 105,480,400 || || ٿرم (US) || ٿرمز (US) || ٿرم (U.S.) || ٿرمز (U.S.) || || MJ || [[ٿرم]] |- | toe || toe || || 41,868,000,000 || || تيل جي برابر ٽن || تيل جي برابر ٽن || || || || GJ || [[تيل جي برابر ٽن]] |- | tonTNT || ~ton of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | tTNT || ~tonne of TNT || || 4,184,000,000 || || TNT جو ٽن || TNT جا ٽن || || || || GJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtonTNT || ~teraton of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيراٽن || TNT جا ٽيراٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TtTNT || ~teratonne of TNT || || 4.184e21 || || TNT جو ٽيرا ٽن || TNT جا ٽيرا ٽن || || || || ZJ || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TW.h || TW⋅h || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | TWh || TWh || || 3.6e15 || || ٽيراواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || PJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | W.h || W⋅h || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | Wh || Wh || || 3600 || || واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || kJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μerg || μerg || || 1e-13 || || مائڪرو ارگ || || || || || nJ || [[ارگ]] |- | μW.h || μW⋅h || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | μWh || μWh || || 0.0036 || || مائڪرو واٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || || mJ || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | -kW.h || =kW.h || link = [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | btu || =BTU |- | Calorie || =Cal |- | ft.lbf || =ftlbf |- | ft·lbf || =ftlbf |- | g-cal-15 || =cal-15 |- | g-cal-IT || =cal-IT |- | g-cal-th || =cal-th |- | g-kcal-15 || =kcal-15 |- | g-kcal-IT || =kcal-IT |- | g-kcal-th || =kcal-th |- | g-Mcal-15 || =Mcal-15 |- | g-mcal-15 || =mcal-15 |- | g-Mcal-IT || =Mcal-IT |- | g-mcal-IT || =mcal-IT |- | g-Mcal-th || =Mcal-th |- | g-mcal-th || =mcal-th |- | GW-h || =GW.h |- | GW·h || =GW.h |- | Hartree || =Eh |- | hp.h || =hph |- | in.lb-f || =inlb-f |- | in.lbf || =inlbf |- | in.oz-f || =inoz-f |- | in.ozf || =inozf |- | kbboe || =kBOE || symbol = kbboe |- | kg-cal-15 || =Cal-15 |- | kg-cal-IT || =Cal-IT |- | kg-cal-th || =Cal-th |- | kW-h || =kW.h |- | kW·h || =kW.h |- | MW-h || =MW.h |- | mW-h || =mW.h |- | MW·h || =MW.h |- | TW-h || =TW.h |- | uerg || =μerg |- | uW-h || =μW.h |- | uW.h || =μW.h |- | uWh || =μWh |- | W-h || =W.h |} === في ڪيميائي مقدار توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | eVpar || *eV || || 1.602176634e-19 * 6.02214076e23 || || اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || SI || kcal/mol || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | kcal/mol || ==kcal/mol || default = kJ/mol || link = [[في مول ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/mol || ==kJ/mol || default = kcal/mol || link = [[في مول جول]] |} === في ڊيگهه ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kWh/100 km || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km || || 36 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || MJ/km kWh/mi || [[ڪلوواٽ ڪلاڪ]] |- | kWh/100 mi || kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi || || 22.3694 || || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || 100 ميل في ڪلوواٽ-ڪلاڪ || || || || mpge || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | MJ/100 km || MJ/100&nbsp;km || || 10 || || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || 100 ڪلوميٽر في ميگاجول || || BTU/mi || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | mpge || mpg&#8209;e || || 1609.344/(33.705*3.6e6) || invert || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل || || || || kWh/100 mi || [[گئسولين برابر في گيلن ميل]] |- | BTU/mi || ==BTU/mi || default = v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km |- | kJ/km || ==kJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | kWh/km || ==-kW.h/km || default = MJ/km kWh/mi |- | kWh/mi || ==-kW.h/mi || default = kWh/km MJ/km |- | MJ/km || ==MJ/km || default = BTU/mi |- | mpg-e || =mpge |} === في وزن ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/lb || BTU/lb || || 2.326*1000 || || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو || في پائونڊ برطانوي حرارتي ايڪا || || || || kJ/kg || [[برطانوي حرارتي ايڪو]] |- | cal/g || cal/g || || 4184 || || في گرام ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪيلوريون || || || || J/g || [[في گرام ڪيلوري]] |- | GJ/kg || GJ/kg || || 1e9 || || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || في ڪلوگرام گيگاجول || || || || ktTNT/t || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | J/g || J/g || || 1000 || || في گرام جول || في گرام جول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kcal/g || kcal/g || || 4,184,000 || || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري || في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/g || [[في گرام ڪلو ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/g || kJ/g || || 1,000,000 || || في گرام ڪلوجول || في گرام ڪلوجول || || || || kcal/g || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | kJ/kg || kJ/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوجول || || || || BTU/lb || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | ktonTNT/MT || ~kiloton of TNT per metric ton || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ڪلوٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ڪلوٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | ktTNT/t || ~kilotonne of TNT per tonne || || 4,184,000,000 || || في ٽن TNT جو ڪلو ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ڪلو ٽن || || || || GJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtonTNT/MT || ~megaton of TNT per metric ton || || 4.184e12 || || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جو ميگاٽن || في ميٽرڪ ٽن TNT جا ميگاٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | MtTNT/MT || ~megatonne of TNT per tonne || || 4.184e12 || || في ٽن TNT جو ميگا ٽن || في ٽن TNT جا ميگا ٽن || || || || TJ/kg || [[TNT برابر]] |- | TJ/kg || TJ/kg || || 1e12 || || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || في ڪلوگرام ٽيراجول || || || || MtTNT/MT || [[مخصوص توانائي]] |- | Cal/g || ==Cal/g || default = kJ/g |} === في حجم ايڪو توانائي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | BTU/cuft || ==BTU/cuft || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(mL)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(mL)serve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/12USoz(ml)serve || ==Cal/-12USoz(ml)serve || default = kJ/l |- | Cal/12USozserve || ==Cal/-12USozserve || default = kJ/L |- | Cal/USoz || ==Cal/USoz || default = kJ/ml |- | kJ/L || ==kJ/L || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/l || ==kJ/ll || default = BTU/cuft |- | kJ/ml || ==kJ/ml || default = Cal/USoz |- | MJ/m3 || ==MJ/m3 || default = BTU/cuft |} === برابر تابڪاري خوراڪ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | Sv || Sv || || 1 || || سيورٽ || || || || SI || rem || [[سيورٽ]] |- | rem || rem || || 0.01 || || ريم || || || || SI || Sv || [[رونٽگن برابر انسان]] |} === اخراجي اخراج === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g/km || g/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || في ڪلوميٽر گرام || || oz/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | g/mi || g/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل گرام || في ميل گرام || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/km || g(CO₂)/km || || 1e-6 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو گرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا گرام || || ozCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | gCO2/mi || g(CO₂)/mi || || 0.001/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو گرام || في ميل CO₂ جا گرام || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kg/km || kg/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | kgCO2/km || kg(CO₂)/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جو ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوميٽر CO₂ جا ڪلوگرام || || lbCO2/mi || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lb/mi || lb/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل پائونڊ || في ميل پائونڊ || || || || kg/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | lbCO2/mi || lb(CO₂)/mi || || 0.45359237/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو پائونڊ || في ميل CO₂ جا پائونڊ || || || || kgCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | oz/mi || oz/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل اونس || في ميل اونس || || || || g/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |- | ozCO2/mi || oz(CO₂)/mi || || 0.028349523125/1609.344 || || في ميل CO₂ جو اونس || في ميل CO₂ جا اونس || || || || gCO2/km || [[اخراجي گئس]] |} === وهڪرو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cuft/a || cu&nbsp;ft/a || || 28316846592e-12/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || في سال ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/d || cu&nbsp;ft/d || || 28316846592e-12/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || في ڏينهن ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/h || cu&nbsp;ft/h || || 28316846592e-12/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/min || cu&nbsp;ft/min || || 28316846592e-12/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/min || [[في منٽ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuft/s || cu&nbsp;ft/s || || 28316846592e-12 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cumi/a || cu&nbsp;mi/a || || 4168181825440579584e-9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميل || في سال ڪعبي ميل || || || || km3/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/h || cuyd/h || || 0.9144^3/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي فٽ]] |- | cuyd/s || cu&nbsp;yd/s || || 0.9144^3 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي گز]] |- | Goilbbl/a || Gbbl/a || || 22081.56874/4383 || || في سال ارب بيرل || في سال ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | impgal/h || imp&nbsp;gal/h || || 0.00454609/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || في ڪلاڪ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/h || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/min || imp gal/min || || 0.00454609/60 || || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || في منٽ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | impgal/s || impgal/s || || 0.00454609 || || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ امپيريل گيلن]] |- | km3/a || km³/a || || 1e9/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cumi/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | km3/d || km³/d || || 1e9/86,400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | koilbbl/a || kbbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150 || || في سال هزار بيرل || في سال هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | koilbbl/d || kbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3000 || || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || في ڏينهن هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | L/h || L/h || || 0.001/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || في ڪلاڪ ليٽر || || impgal/h USgal/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/min || L/min || || 0.001/60 || || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || في منٽ ليٽر || || impgal/min USgal/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | L/s || L/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || في سيڪنڊ ليٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/a || m³/a || || 1/31,557,600 || || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || في سال ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/a || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/d || m³/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڏينهن ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/d || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/h || m³/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || في ڪلاڪ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/h || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/min || m³/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || في منٽ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/min || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | m3/s || m³/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر || || cuft/s || [[في سيڪنڊ ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Moilbbl/a || Mbbl/a || || 22.08156874/4383 || || في سال ملين بيرل || في سال ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl/d || Mbbl/d || || 5.520392185/3 || || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || في ڏينهن ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/a || bbl/a || || 1.104078437/219,150,000 || || في سال بيرل || في سال بيرل || || || || m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | oilbbl/d || bbl/d || || 5.520392185/3,000,000 || || في ڏينهن بيرل || في ڏينهن بيرل || || || || m3/d || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | Toilbbl/a || Tbbl/a || || 22,081,568.74/4383 || || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || في سال ٽريلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a || [[في ڏينهن بيرل]] |- | U.S.gal/d || U.S.&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || +[[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || *[[گيلن]] |- | U.S.gal/min || U.S.&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/a || US&nbsp;gal/a || || 0.003785411784/31,557,600 || || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || في سال آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في سال آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/d || US&nbsp;gal/d || || 0.003785411784/86400 || || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[في ڏينهن آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgal/h || gal/h || || 0.003785411784/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || في ڪلاڪ گيلن || || || || m3/h || +[[گيلن]] |- | USgal/min || US&nbsp;gal/min || || 0.003785411784/60 || || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || في منٽ آمريڪي گيلن || || || || m3/s || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal/s || USgal/s || || 0.003785411784 || || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || في سيڪنڊ يو.ايس. گيلن || || m3/s || [[في سيڪنڊ آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | ft3/a || =cuft/a |- | ft3/d || =cuft/d |- | ft3/h || =cuft/h |- | ft3/s || =cuft/s |- | Gcuft/a || =e9cuft/a |- | Gcuft/d || =e9cuft/d |- | kcuft/a || =e3cuft/a |- | kcuft/d || =e3cuft/d |- | kcuft/s || =e3cuft/s |- | Mcuft/a || =e6cuft/a |- | Mcuft/d || =e6cuft/d |- | Mcuft/s || =e6cuft/s |- | m³/s || =m3/s |- | Tcuft/a || =e12cuft/a |- | Tcuft/d || =e12cuft/d |- | u.s.gal/min || =U.S.gal/min |- | usgal/min || =USgal/min |} === قوت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -LTf || LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | -STf || STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyn || dyn || || 0.00001 || || ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | g-f || g_f || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gf || gf || || 0.00980665 || || گرام-فورس || گرام-فورس || || || || mN ozf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | gr-f || gr_f || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | grf || grf || || 0.0006354602307515 || || گرين-فورس || گرين-فورس || || || || μN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | kdyn || kdyn || || 0.01 || || ڪلو ڊائن || || || || || oz-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | kg-f || kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf || kgf || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس || ڪلوگرام-فورس || || || || N lbf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kp || kp || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ || || || || || N lb-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | L/T-f || L/T_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | L/Tf || L/Tf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | lb-f || lb_f || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lbf || lbf || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ-فورس || پائونڊ-فورس || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | lb(f) || lb || || 4.4482216152605 || || پائونڊ || || || || || N || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | LT-f || LT_f || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | LTf || ~LTf || || 9964.01641818352 || || لانگ ٽن-فورس || لانگ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[لانگ ٽن-فورس]] |- | Mdyn || Mdyn || || 10 || || ميگا ڊائن || || || || || lb-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mdyn || mdyn || || 0.00000001 || || ملي ڊائن || || || || || gr-f || [[ڊائن]] |- | mg-f || mg_f || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mgf || mgf || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي گرام-فورس || ملي گرام-فورس || || || || μN grf || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | Mp || Mp || || 9806.65 || || ميگا پونڊ || || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | mp || mp || || 0.00000980665 || || ملي پونڊ || || || || || μN gr-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | N || N || || 1 || || نيوٽن || || || || SI || lb-f || [[نيوٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | oz-f || oz_f || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | ozf || ozf || || 0.2780138203095378125 || || اونس-فورس || اونس-فورس || || || || mN || [[پائونڊ (فورس)]] |- | p || p || || 0.00980665 || || پونڊ || || || || || mN oz-f || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | pdl || pdl || || 0.138254954376 || || پائونڊل || || || || || N || [[پائونڊل]] |- | S/T-f || S/T_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | S/Tf || S/Tf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | ST-f || ST_f || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | STf || ~STf || || 8896.443230521 || || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || شارٽ ٽن-فورس || || || || kN || [[شارٽ ٽن-فورس]] |- | t-f || t_f || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LT-f ST-f || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | tf || tf || || 9806.65 || || ٽن-فورس || ٽن-فورس || || || || kN LTf STf || [[ٽن-فورس#ٽن-فورس]] |- | dyne || =dyn |- | newtons || =N |- | poundal || =pdl |- | tonne-force || =tf |} === ٻارڻ جي ڪارڪردگي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | impgal/mi || ==@impgal/mi || default = L/km USgal/mi |- | km/L || ==km/L || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | km/l || ==km/ll || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | L/100 km || ==L/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;L/100&nbsp;km]] |- | l/100 km || ==ll/100km || default = mpgimp mpgus || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;l/100&nbsp;km]] |- | L/km || ==L/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | l/km || ==ll/km || default = mpgimp mpgus |- | mi/impqt || ==mi/impqt || default = km/L |- | mi/U.S.qt || ==mi/U.S.qt || default = km/L |- | mi/USqt || ==mi/USqt || default = km/L |- | mi/usqt || ==mi/usqt || default = km/L |- | mpgimp || ==mi/@impgal || default = L/100 km+mpgus || symbol = mpg_&#8209;imp || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[امپيريل ايڪا&#124;imp]]} |- | mpgus || ==mi/+USgal || default = L/100 km+mpgimp || symbol = mpg_&#8209;US || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;US]]} |- | U.S.gal/mi || ==*U.S.gal/mi || sp=us || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | usgal/mi || ==+USgal/mi || default = L/km impgal/mi |- | L/100km || =L/100 km |- | l/100km || =l/100 km |- | mpg || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgus%} يا امپيريل گيلن في ميل لاءِ %{mpgimp%} استعمال ڪريو (%{mpg%} نه) |- | mpgU.S. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgu.s. || =mpgus || sp=us || symbol = mpg_&#8209;U.S. || symlink = [[گاڏين ۾ ٻارڻ جي معيشت#ماپ جا ايڪا&#124;mpg]]_{&#8209;[[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا&#124;U.S.]]} |- | mpgUS || =mpgus |- | USgal/mi || =usgal/mi |} === فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kPa/m || ==kPa/-m-frac || default = psi/ft |- | psi/ft || ==psi/-ft-frac || default = kPa/m |} === گريڊئينٽ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | cm/km || cm/km || || 0.00001 || || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر سينٽي ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/mi || ft/mi || || 1/5280 || || في ميل فٽ || في ميل فٽ || || || || v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | ft/nmi || ft/nmi || || 1.524/9260 || || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || في ناٽيڪل ميل فٽ || || || || v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/ft || in/ft || || 1/12 || || في فٽ انچ || في فٽ انچ || || || || mm/m || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | in/mi || in/mi || || 1/63360 || || في ميل انچ || في ميل انچ || || || || v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | m/km || m/km || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ميٽر || || ft/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/km || mm/km || || 0.000001 || || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ڪلوميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/mi || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |- | mm/m || mm/m || || 0.001 || || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || في ميٽر ملي ميٽر || || in/ft || [[درجو (ڍلان)]] |} === ڊيگهه === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | admi || nmi&nbsp;(admiralty) || || 1853.184 || || ائڊمرلٽي ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | AU || AU || || 149,597,870,700 || || فلڪياتي ايڪو || || || || || km mi || [[فلڪياتي ايڪو]] |- | Brnmi || (Brit)&nbsp;nmi || || 1853.184 || || برطانوي ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | bu || ~bu || || 1/330 || || بو || بو || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | ch || ch || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chlk || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;ch]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | chain || ~chain || || 20.1168 || || چين || || || || || ft m || [[چين (ايڪو)]] |- | chainlk || ~[[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || 20.1168 || || [[چين (ايڪو)&#124;چين]] || || || || || ft m || |- | dpcm || dot/cm || || 1/0.01 || invert || dot/cm || dot/cm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | dpi || DPI || || 1/0.0254 || invert || DPI || DPI || || || || pitch || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | fathom || ~fathom || || 1.8288 || || فيٿم || || || || || ft m || [[فيٿم]] |- | foot || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | ft || ft || || 0.3048 || || فٽ || فٽ || || || || m || [[فٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | furlong || ~furlong || || 201.168 || || فرلانگ || || || || || ft m || [[فرلانگ]] |- | Gly || Gly || || 9.4607304725808e24 || || گيگا نوري-سال || || || || || Mpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Gpc || Gpc || || 3.0856775814671916e25 || || گيگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Gly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | hand || h || || 0.1016 || hand || ھينڊ || || || || || in cm || [[ھينڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | in || in || || 0.0254 || || انچ || انچ || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | inabbreviated || in || || 0.0254 || || in || in || || || || mm || [[انچ]] |- | kly || kly || || 9.4607304725808e18 || || ڪلو نوري-سال || || || || || pc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | kpc || kpc || || 3.0856775814671916e19 || || ڪلو پارسيڪ || || || || || kly || [[پارسيڪ#پارسيڪ ۽ ڪلو پارسيڪ]] |- | LD || LD || || 384,403,000 || || قمري فاصلو || || || || || km mi || [[قمري فاصلو (فلڪيات)]] |- | league || ~league || || 4828.032 || || ليگ || || || || || km || [[ليگ (ايڪو)]] |- | ly || ly || || 9.4607304725808e15 || || نوري-سال || || || || || AU || [[نوري-سال]] |- | m || m || || 1 || || ميٽر || || ميٽر || || SI || v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft || [[ميٽر]] |- | mi || mi || || 1609.344 || || ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | mil || ~mil || || 0.0000254 || || مل || || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | Mly || Mly || || 9.4607304725808e21 || || ميگا نوري-سال || || || || || kpc || [[نوري-سال#وصفون]] |- | Mpc || Mpc || || 3.0856775814671916e22 || || ميگا پارسيڪ || || || || || Mly || [[پارسيڪ#ميگا پارسيڪ ۽ گيگا پارسيڪ]] |- | NM || NM || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | nmi || nmi || || 1852 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUKnmi || nmi || || 1853.184 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | oldUSnmi || nmi || || 1853.24496 || || ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pc || pc || || 3.0856775814671916e16 || || پارسيڪ || || || || || ly || [[پارسيڪ]] |- | perch || ~perch || || 5.0292 || || پرچ || پرچ || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pitch || *μm || || 1e-6 || || μm || μm || || || || dpi || [[في انچ نقطا]] |- | pole || ~pole || || 5.0292 || || پول || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | pre1954U.S.nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | pre1954USnmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi || (pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi || 1853.24496 || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;US) ناٽيڪل ميل || || (1954 کان اڳ&nbsp;U.S.) ناٽيڪل ميل || || || km mi || [[ناٽيڪل ميل]] |- | rd || rd || || 5.0292 || || راڊ || || || || || ft m || [[راڊ (ايڪو)]] |- | royal cubit || cu || || 0.524 || || شاهي ڪيوبٽ || || || || || mm || [[شاهي ڪيوبٽ]] |- | rtkm || km || || 1000 || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || رستي جو ڪلوميٽر || || || mi || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | rtmi || mi || || 1609.344 || || رستي جو ميل || || || || || km || [[ميل]] |- | R-Earth || <var>R</var>_🜨 || || 6,378,137 || || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[ڌرتي جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Lunar || <var>R</var>_&#9790; || || 1,737,400 || || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || چنڊ جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[چنڊ جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Jupiter || <var>R</var>_J || || 7.1492e7 || || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || مشتري جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[مشتري جو اڌ قطر]] |- | R-Solar || <var>R</var>_&#x2609; || || 6.957e8 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جو اڌ قطر || || || || m || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | shaku || ~shaku || || 10/33 || || شاڪو || شاڪو || || || || m || [[شاڪو (ايڪو)]] |- | sm || sm || || 1.70180 || || سموٽ || || || || || m || [[سموٽ (ايڪو)]] |- | smi || mi || || 1609.344 || || قانوني ميل || || || || || km || [[قانوني ميل]] |- | solar radius || ''R''_☉ || || 695700e3 || || سج جو اڌ قطر || سج جا اڌ قطر || || || || km || [[سج جو اڌ قطر]] |- | sun || ~sun || || 1/33 || || سن || سن || || || || mm || [[جاپاني ماپي ايڪا#ڊيگهه]] |- | thou || ~thou || || 0.0000254 || || ٿائو || ٿائو || || || || mm || [[انچ جو هزارون حصو]] |- | verst || ~verst || || 1066.8 || || ورسٽ || || || || || km mi || [[ورسٽ]] |- | yd || yd || || 0.9144 || || گز || || || || || m || [[گز]] |- | μin || μin || || 0.0000000254 || || مائڪرو انچ || مائڪرو انچ || || || || nm || [[ايس آءِ اڳياڙي#غير ميٽرڪ ايڪا]] |- | Å || Å || || 0.0000000001 || || آنگسٽروم || || || || || in || [[آنگسٽروم]] |- | Hz || Hz || || 1/299,792,458 || invert || هرٽز || هرٽز || || || SI || m || [[هرٽز]] |- | rpm || rpm || || 1/(60*299,792,458) || invert || في منٽ ڦيرو || في منٽ ڦيرا || || || || Hz || [[في منٽ ڦيرا]] |- | -ft-frac || =ft || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -in-stiff || =in || link = [[سختي]] |- | -m-frac || =m || link = [[فريڪچر گريڊئينٽ]] |- | -m-stiff || =m || link = [[سختي]] |- | 100km || =km || multiplier = 100 |- | 100mi || =mi || multiplier = 100 |- | 100miles || =mi || multiplier = 100 || symbol = miles |- | admiralty nmi || =oldUKnmi |- | angstrom || =Å |- | au || =AU || symbol = au |- | feet || =ft |- | hands || =hand |- | inch || =in |- | inches || =in |- | light-year || =ly |- | meter || =m || sp=us |- | meters || =m || sp=us |- | metre || =m |- | metres || =m |- | micrometre || =μm |- | micron || =μm || default = μin |- | mile || =mi || abbr=off |- | miles || =mi || abbr=off |- | parsec || =pc |- | rod || =rd |- | smoot || =sm |- | uin || =μin |- | yard || =yd |- | yards || =yd |- | yds || =yd |} === ليڪي ڪثافت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | dtex || dtex || || 1e-7 || || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || ڊيسي ٽيڪس || || || || lb/yd || [[ڪپڙي جي ماپ جا ايڪا#ايڪا]] |- | kg/cm || kg/cm || || 100 || || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في سينٽي ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | kg/m || kg/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || في ميٽر ڪلوگرام || || lb/yd || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/ft || lb/ft || || 4535.9237/3048 || || في فٽ پائونڊ || في فٽ پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |- | lb/yd || lb/yd || || 4535.9237/9144 || || في گز پائونڊ || في گز پائونڊ || || || || kg/m || [[ليڪي ڪثافت]] |} === مقناطيسي ميدان جي طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | G || G || || 0.0001 || || گائوس || گائوس || || || SI || T || [[گائوس (ايڪو)]] |- | T || T || || 1 || || ٽيسلا || || || || SI || G || [[ٽيسلا (ايڪو)]] |} === مقناطيس ڪندڙ ميدان === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | A/m || A/m || || 1 || || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ايمپيئر || || Oe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | kA/m || kA/m || || 1000 || || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ڪلو ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | MA/m || MA/m || || 1e6 || || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || في ميٽر ميگا ايمپيئر || || kOe || [[في ميٽر ايمپيئر]] |- | Oe || Oe || || 79.5774715 || || اورسٽڊ || || || || SI || kA/m || [[اورسٽڊ]] |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | -Lcwt || cwt || || 50.80234544 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -Scwt || cwt || || 45.359237 || || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | -ST || ST || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | carat || ~carat || || 0.0002 || || ڪيريٽ || || || || || g || [[ڪيريٽ (وزن)]] |- | Da || Da || || 1.66053906892e-27 || || ڊالٽن || || || || SI || kg || [[ڊالٽن (ايڪو)]] |- | drachm || ~drachm || || 0.001771845195 || || ڊرام || || ڊرام || || || g || [[ڊرام (ايڪو)]] |- | dram || =drachm |- | dwt || dwt || || 0.00155517384 || || پيني ويٽ || || || || || oz g || [[پيني ويٽ]] |- | DWton || ~deadweight ton || || 1016.0469088 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || || || || DWtonne || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | DWtonne || ~deadweight tonne || ~deadweight metric ton || 1000 || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽن || || ڊيڊ ويٽ ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || DWton || [[ڊيڊ ويٽ ٽنيج]] |- | g || g || || 0.001 || || گرام || || || || SI || oz || [[گرام]] |- | gr || gr || || 0.00006479891 || || گرين || || || || || g || [[گرين (ايڪو)]] |- | Gt || Gt || || 1000000000000 || || گيگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | impgalh2o || imp&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 10.00/2.2046226218488 || || پاڻي جو امپيريل گيلن || پاڻي جا امپيريل گيلن || || || || lb kg || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | kt || kt || || 1000000 || || ڪلو ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | lb || lb || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊ || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | Lcwt || ~Lcwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long cwt || long&nbsp;cwt || || 50.80234544 || || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || لانگ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | long qtr || long&nbsp;qtr || || 12.70058636 || || لانگ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | LT || ~long ton || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | lt || LT || || 1016.0469088 || || لانگ ٽن || || || || || t || [[لانگ ٽن]] |- | metric ton || ~metric ton || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || long ton || [[ٽن]] |- | MT || t || || 1000 || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | Mt || Mt || || 1000000000 || || ميگا ٽن || || || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | M-Earth || <var>M</var>_🜨 || || 5.9722e24 || || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || ڌرتيءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[ڌرتيءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Jupiter || <var>M</var>_J || || 1.89813e27 || || مشتريءَ جو وزن || مشتريءَ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[مشتريءَ جو وزن]] |- | M-Lunar || <var>M</var>_&#9790; || || 7.346e22 || || چنڊ جو وزن || چنڊ جو وزن || || || || kg || [[چنڊ جو وزن]] |- | M-Solar || <var>M</var>_&#x2609; || || 1.988416e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جو وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | oz || oz || || 0.028349523125 || || اونس || || || || || g || [[اونس]] |- | ozt || ozt || || 0.0311034768 || || ٽرائي اونس || || || || || oz g || [[ٽرائي اونس]] |- | pdr || pdr || || 0.45359237 || || پائونڊر || || || || || kg || [[پائونڊ (وزن)]] |- | qtr || qtr || || 12.70058636 || || ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[لانگ ڪوارٽر]] |- | Scwt || ~Scwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short cwt || short&nbsp;cwt || || 45.359237 || || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || شارٽ هنڊرڊ ويٽ || || || || lb kg || [[هنڊرڊ ويٽ]] |- | short qtr || short&nbsp;qtr || || 11.33980925 || || شارٽ ڪوارٽر || || || || || lb kg || [[شارٽ ڪوارٽر]] |- | ST || ~short ton || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shtn || sh&nbsp;tn || || 907.18474 || || شارٽ ٽن || || || || || t || [[شارٽ ٽن]] |- | shton || ~ton || || 907.18474 || || ٽن || || || || || t || [[ٽن]] |- | solar mass || ''M''_☉ || || 1.98855e30 || || سج جو وزن || سج جا وزن || || || || kg || [[سج جو وزن]] |- | st || st || || 6.35029318 || || اسٽون || اسٽون || || || || lb kg || [[اسٽون (ايڪو)]] |- | t || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || LT ST || [[ٽن]] |- | tonne || t || || 1000 || || ٽن || || ميٽرڪ ٽن || || || shton || [[ٽن]] |- | troy pound || ~troy pound || || 0.3732417216 || || ٽرائي پائونڊ || || || || || lb kg || [[ٽرائي وزن]] |- | usgalh2o || US&nbsp;gal H₂O || || 3.785411784/1.00206219713184 || || پاڻي جو آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جا آمريڪي گيلن || پاڻي جو يو.ايس. گيلن || پاڻي جا يو.ايس. گيلن || || lb kg || [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا#مائع حجم]] |- | viss || viss || || 1.632932532 || || ويس || ويس || || || || kg || [[ميانمار جا ماپي ايڪا#وزن]] |- | billion tonne || =e9t |- | grain || =gr |- | kilogram || =kg |- | kilotonne || =kt |- | lbs || =lb |- | lbt || =troy pound |- | lcwt || =Lcwt |- | long ton || =LT |- | mcg || =μg |- | million tonne || =e6t |- | scwt || =Scwt |- | short ton || =ST |- | stone || =st |- | thousand tonne || =e3t |- | tonnes || =t |} === في طاقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/kW || kg/kW || || 0.001 || || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || في ڪلوواٽ ڪلوگرام || || || || lb/hp || [[ڪلوواٽ]] |- | lb/hp || lb/hp || || 1/(83.82*19.6133) || || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || في هارس پاور پائونڊ || || || || kg/kW || [[هارس پاور]] |} === في وقت ايڪو وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | kg/h || ==kg/h || default = lb/h |- | lb/h || ==lb/h || default = kg/h |} === مولر شرح === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | g-mol/d || g&#8209;mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/h || g&#8209;mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/min || g&#8209;mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || g-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | g-mol/s || g&#8209;mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/d || gmol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || في ڏينهن گرام-مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/h || gmol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || في ڪلاڪ گرام-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/min || gmol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ گرام-مول || في منٽ گرام-مول || || || || gmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | gmol/s || gmol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || في سيڪنڊ گرام-مول || || || || lbmol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/d || kmol/d || || 5/432 || || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || في ڏينهن ڪلو مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/h || kmol/h || || 5/18 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/min || kmol/min || || 50/3 || || في منٽ ڪلو مول || في منٽ ڪلو مول || || || || mol/s || [[ڪلو مول (ايڪو)]] |- | kmol/s || kmol/s || || 1000 || || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || في سيڪنڊ ڪلو مول || || || || lb-mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | lb-mol/d || lb&#8209;mol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/h || lb&#8209;mol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/min || lb&#8209;mol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lb-mol/s || lb&#8209;mol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/d || lbmol/d || || 4.5359237/864 || || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || في ڏينهن پائونڊ-مول || || || || mmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/h || lbmol/h || || 4.5359237/36 || || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || في ڪلاڪ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/min || lbmol/min || || 45.359237/6 || || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || في منٽ پائونڊ-مول || || || || mol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | lbmol/s || lbmol/s || || 453.59237 || || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || في سيڪنڊ پائونڊ-مول || || || || kmol/s || [[پائونڊ-مول]] |- | mmol/s || mmol/s || || 0.001 || || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || في سيڪنڊ ملي مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/d || mol/d || || 1/86400 || || في ڏينهن مول || في ڏينهن مول || || || || μmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/h || mol/h || || 1/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ مول || في ڪلاڪ مول || || || || mmol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/min || mol/min || || 1/60 || || في منٽ مول || في منٽ مول || || || || mol/s || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | mol/s || mol/s || || 1 || || في سيڪنڊ مول || في سيڪنڊ مول || || || || lb-mol/min || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | μmol/s || μmol/s || || 0.000001 || || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || في سيڪنڊ مائڪرو مول || || || || lb-mol/d || [[مول (ايڪو)]] |- | umol/s || =μmol/s |} === في ايراضي ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ || في ايڪڙ || || || || /ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | /ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر || في ھيڪٽر || || || || /acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | /sqcm || /cm² || || 1e4 || || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || /sqin || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | /sqin || /in² || || 1/0.00064516 || || في چورس انچ || في چورس انچ || || || || /sqcm || [[چورس انچ]] |- | /sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || في چورس ڪلوميٽر || || /sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | /sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل || في چورس ميل || || || || /sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | PD/acre || /acre || || 1/4046.8564224 || || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || في ايڪڙ رهواسي || || || || PD/ha || [[ايڪڙ]] |- | PD/ha || /ha || || 100e-6 || || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || في ھيڪٽر رهواسي || || || || PD/acre || [[ھيڪٽر]] |- | PD/sqkm || /km² || || 1e-6 || || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || في چورس ڪلوميٽر رهواسي || || PD/sqmi || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |- | PD/sqmi || /sq&nbsp;mi || || 1/2,589,988.110336 || || في چورس ميل رهواسي || في چورس ميل رهواسي || || || || PD/sqkm || [[چورس ميل]] |- | /cm2 || =/sqcm |- | /in2 || =/sqin |- | /km2 || =/sqkm |- | pd/acre || =PD/acre |- | pd/ha || =PD/ha |- | PD/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/km2 || =PD/sqkm |- | PD/km² || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqkm || =PD/sqkm |- | pd/sqmi || =PD/sqmi |} === في حجم ايڪو === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | /l || /l || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /L || /L || || 1000 || || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || في ليٽر || || /usgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | /USgal || /gal || || 264.172052 || || في گيلن || في گيلن || || || || /L || *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | /usgal || =/USgal |} === طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | bhp || bhp || || 745.69987158227022 || || بريڪ هارس پاور || بريڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#بريڪ هارس پاور]] |- | Cal/d || Cal/d || || 4184/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڏينهن وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/d || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | Cal/h || Cal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ وڏي ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ وڏيون ڪيلوريون || || || || kJ/h || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | cal/h || cal/h || || 4.184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪيلوريون || || || || W || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | CV || CV || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hk || hk || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | hp || hp || || 745.69987158227022 || || هارس پاور || هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electric || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-electrical || hp || || 746 || || برقي هارس پاور || برقي هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#برقي هارس پاور]] |- | hp-metric || hp || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | ihp || ihp || || 745.69987158227022 || || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#انڊيڪيٽڊ هارس پاور]] |- | kcal/h || kcal/h || || 4184/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوري || في ڪلاڪ ڪلو ڪيلوريون || || || || kW || [[ڪيلوري]] |- | kJ/d || kJ/d || || 1000/(3600*24) || || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || في ڏينهن ڪلوجول || || || || Cal/d || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | kJ/h || kJ/h || || 1000/3600 || || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || في ڪلاڪ ڪلوجول || || || || W || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | L-Solar || <var>L</var>_&#x2609; || || 3.828e26 || || سج جي روشني || سج جي روشني || || || || W || [[سج جي روشني]] |- | PS || PS || || 735.49875 || || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[ميٽرڪ هارس پاور]] |- | shp || shp || || 745.69987158227022 || || شافٽ هارس پاور || شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW || [[هارس پاور#شافٽ هارس پاور]] |- | W || W || || 1 || || واٽ || || || || SI || hp || [[واٽ]] |- | BTU/h || ==BTU/h || default = W |- | Btu/h || ==Btu/h || default = W |- | BHP || =bhp |- | btu/h || =BTU/h |- | HP || =hp |- | Hp || =hp |- | hp-mechanical || =hp |- | IHP || =ihp |- | SHP || =shp |- | whp || =hp |} === في وزن ايڪو طاقت === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! ايڪو ڪوڊ !! علامت !! آمريڪي علامت !! پيمانو !! اضافي !! نالو !! جمع نالو !! آمريڪي نالو !! آمريڪي جمع نالو !! اڳياڙي !! ڊي فالٽ !! ڳنڍڻو |- | hp/lb || hp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/LT || hp/LT || || 5.13745876875/7 || || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || في لانگ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/ST || hp/ST || || 0.821993403 || || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || في شارٽ ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/t || hp/t || || 0.74569987158227022 || || في ٽن هارس پاور || في ٽن هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/kg || kW/kg || || 1000 || || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || في ڪلوگرام ڪلوواٽ || || || || hp/lb || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | kW/t || kW/t || || 1 || || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || في ٽن ڪلوواٽ || || || || PS/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | PS/t || PS/t || || 0.73549875 || || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || في ٽن ميٽرڪ هارس پاور || || || || kW/t || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | shp/lb || shp/lb || || 1643.986806 || || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || في پائونڊ شافٽ هارس پاور || || || || kW/kg || [[طاقت کان وزن جو تناسب]] |- | hp/tonne || =hp/t || default = kW/tonne || symbol = hp/tonne |- | kW/tonne || =kW/t || symbol = kW/tonne |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -lb/in2 || lb/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | atm || atm || || 101,325 || || معياري فضا || || || || || kPa || [[فضائي دٻاءُ (يونٽ)]] |- | Ba || Ba || || 0.1 || || بيري || || || || || Pa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | bar || bar || || 100,000 || || بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | dbar || dbar || || 10,000 || || ڊيسي بار || || || || || kPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | inHg || inHg || || 3386.388640341 || || پارو جو انچ || پارو جا انچ || || || || kPa || [[پارو جو انچ]] |- | kBa || kBa || || 100 || || ڪلو بيري || || || || || hPa || [[بيري (يونٽ)]] |- | kg-f/cm2 || kg_f/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kg/cm2 || kg/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | kgf/cm2 || kgf/cm² || || 98,066.5 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || ڪلوگرام-فورس في چورس سينٽي ميٽر || || psi || [[ڪلوگرام-فورس]] |- | ksi || ksi || || 444,822,161,526.05/64,516 || || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || ڪلو پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || MPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | lbf/in2 || lbf/in² || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ || || || || kPa kgf/cm2 || [[پائونڊ-فورس في چورس انچ]] |- | mb || mb || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mbar || mbar || || 100 || || ملي بار || || || || || hPa || [[بار (يونٽ)]] |- | mmHg || mmHg || || 133.322387415 || || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || ملي ميٽر پارو || || kPa || [[ملي ميٽر پارو]] |- | Pa || Pa || || 1 || || پاسڪل || || || || SI || psi || [[پاسڪل (يونٽ)]] |- | psf || psf || || 444,822,161.52605/9,290,304 || || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || پائونڊ في چورس فوٽ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | psi || psi || || 444,822,161.52605/64,516 || || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || پائونڊ في چورس انچ || || || || kPa || [[پائونڊ في چورس انچ]] |- | Torr || Torr || || 20,265/152 || || ٽور || || || || || kPa || [[ٽور]] |- | N/cm2 || ==N/cm2 || default = psi |- | N/m2 || ==N/m2 || default = psi |- | g/cm2 || ==g/cm2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | g/m2 || ==g/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/ha || ==kg/ha || default = lb/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kg/m2 || ==kg/m2 || default = lb/sqft || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/1000sqft || ==lb/1000sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/acre || ==lb/acre || default = kg/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqft || ==lb/sqft || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | lb/sqyd || ==lb/sqyd || default = kg/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | LT/acre || ==LT/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | MT/ha || ==MT/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqft || ==oz/sqft || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | oz/sqyd || ==oz/sqyd || default = g/m2 || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | ST/acre || ==ST/acre || default = t/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | t/ha || ==t/ha || default = LT/acre ST/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/acre || ==tonne/acre || default = tonne/ha || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | tonne/ha || ==tonne/ha || default = tonne/acre || multiplier = 9.80665 |- | kgfpsqcm || =kgf/cm2 |- | kgpsqcm || =kg/cm2 |- | kN/m2 || =kPa |- | lb/in2 || =lbf/in2 |- | torr || =Torr |} === تابڪاري (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | Bq || Bq || || 1 || || بيڪريل || || || || SI || pCi || [[بيڪريل]] |- | Ci || Ci || || 3.7e10 || || ڪيوري || || || || SI || GBq || [[ڪيوري (يونٽ)]] |- | Rd || Rd || || 1e6 || || ردرفورڊ || || || || SI || MBq || [[ردرفورڊ (يونٽ)]] |} === رفتار (Speed) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cm/h || cm/h || || 0.01/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || سينٽي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/s || cm/s || || 0.01 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || سينٽي ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || in/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | cm/year || cm/year || || 0.01/365.2425/24/60/60 || || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || سينٽي ميٽر في سال || || in/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | foot/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/min || ft/min || || 0.00508 || || فوٽ في منٽ || فوٽ في منٽ || || || || m/min || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | ft/s || ft/s || || 0.3048 || || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || فوٽ في سيڪنڊ || || || || m/s || [[فوٽ في سيڪنڊ]] |- | furlong per fortnight || ~furlong per fortnight || || 1.397/8,400 || || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || فرلانگ في چوڏهين ڏينهن || || || || km/h mph || [[ايف ايف ايف نظام]] |- | in/h || in/h || || 0.0254/60/60 || || انچ في ڪلاڪ || انچ في ڪلاڪ || || || || cm/h || [[انچ]] |- | in/s || in/s || || 0.0254 || || انچ في سيڪنڊ || انچ في سيڪنڊ || || || || cm/s || [[انچ]] |- | in/year || in/year || || 0.0254/365.2425/24/60/60 || || انچ في سال || انچ في سال || || || || cm/year || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | isp || s || || 9.80665 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || || km/s || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | km/d || km/d || || 1.1574074074074074e-2 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || ڪلوميٽر في ڏينهن || || mi/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | km/h || km/h || || 10/36 || || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || mph || [[ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ]] |- | km/s || km/s || || 1000 || || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ڪلوميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || mi/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | kn || kn || || 4.63/9 || || ناٽ || || || || || km/h mph || [[ناٽ (يونٽ)]] |- | kNs/kg || kN&#8209;s/kg || || 1000 || || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || ڪلو نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | m/min || m/min || || 1/60 || || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || ميٽر في منٽ || || ft/min || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | m/s || m/s || || 1 || || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || ميٽر في سيڪنڊ || || ft/s || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | Mach || Mach || || 0 || ماخ || ماخ || ماخ || || || || km/h mph || [[ماخ نمبر]] |- | mi/d || mi/d || || 1.8626666666666667e-2 || || ميل في ڏينهن || ميل في ڏينهن || || || || km/d || [[رفتار جا درجا]] |- | mi/s || mi/s || || 1609.344 || || ميل في سيڪنڊ || ميل في سيڪنڊ || || || || km/s || [[ميل]] |- | mm/h || mm/h || || 0.001/60/60 || || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || ملي ميٽر في ڪلاڪ || || in/h || [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |- | mph || mph || || 0.44704 || || ميل في ڪلاڪ || ميل في ڪلاڪ || || || || km/h || [[ميل في ڪلاڪ]] |- | Ns/kg || N&#8209;s/kg || || 1 || || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || نيوٽن-سيڪنڊ في ڪلوگرام || || || || isp || [[مخصوص امپلس]] |- | si tsfc || g/(kN⋅s) || || 1/101972/9.80665 || invert || g/(kN⋅s) || g/(kN⋅s) || || || || tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | tsfc || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || 1/9.80665/3600 || invert || lb/(lbf⋅h) || lb/(lbf⋅h) || || || || si tsfc || [[ٿرسٽ مخصوص ٻارڻ استعمال]] |- | cm/y || =cm/year |- | cm/yr || =cm/year |- | in/y || =in/year |- | in/yr || =in/year |- | knot || =kn |- | knots || =kn |- | kph || =km/h |- | mi/h || =mph |- | mm/s || ==mm/s || default = in/s || link = [[ميٽر في سيڪنڊ]] |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C || °C || || 1 || -273.15 || ڊگري سيلسيس || ڊگري سيلسيس || || || || F || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F || °F || || 5/9 || 32-273.15*(9/5) || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ || || || || C || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K || K || || 1 || 0 || ڪيلون || || || || SI || C F || [[ڪيلون]] |- | keVT || *keV || || 1.602176634e-16 / 1.380649e-23 || 0 || ڪلو اليڪٽران وولٽ || || || || || MK || [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] |- | R || °R || || 5/9 || 0 || ڊگري رينڪائن || ڊگري رينڪائن || || || || K F C || [[رينڪائن پيمانو]] |- | Celsius || =C |- | °C || =C |- | °F || =F |- | °R || =R |} === گرمي پد ۾ تبديلي (Temperature change) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | C-change || °C || || 1 || || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري سيلسيس ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[سيلسيس]] |- | F-change || °F || || 5/9 || || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || ڊگري فارن هائيٽ ۾ تبديلي || || || || C-change || [[فارن هائيٽ]] |- | K-change || K || || 1 || || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || ڪيلون ۾ تبديلي || || || || F-change || [[ڪيلون]] |- | °C-change || =C-change |- | °F-change || =F-change |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | century || ha || || 3,155,760,000 || || صدي || صديون || || || || Gs || [[صدي]] |- | d || d || || 86,400 || || ڏينهن || || || || || ks || [[ڏينهن]] |- | decade || daa || || 315,576,000 || || ڏهاڪو || || || || || Ms || [[ڏهاڪو]] |- | dog year || dog yr || || 7 * 31,557,600 || || ڪتي جو سال || || || || || years || [[غير معمولي ماپن جي فهرست#ڪتي جو سال]] |- | fortnight || ~fortnight || || 1,209,600 || || پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو || || || || || week || [[پندرهن ڏينهن جو عرصو]] |- | h || h || || 3600 || || ڪلاڪ || || || || || ks || [[ڪلاڪ]] |- | long billion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || اربين سال || اربين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | millennium || ka || || 31,557,600,000 || || هزار سال || هزار سال || || || || Gs || [[هزار سال]] |- | milliard year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | million year || Ma || || 31,557,600,000,000 || || ملين سال || ملين سال || || || || Ts || [[سال]] |- | min || min || || 60 || || منٽ || || || || || s || [[منٽ]] |- | month || ~month || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || Ms || [[مهينو]] |- | months || mo || || 2,629,800 || || مهينو || || || || || year || [[مهينو]] |- | s || s || || 1 || || سيڪنڊ || || || || SI || v < 7200 ! min ! h || [[سيڪنڊ]] |- | short billion year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || ارب سال || ارب سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | short trillion year || Ta || || 31,557,600,000,000,000,000 || || ٽرلين سال || ٽرلين سال || || || || Es || [[سال]] |- | thousand million year || Ga || || 31,557,600,000,000,000 || || هزار ملين سال || هزار ملين سال || || || || Ps || [[سال]] |- | wk || ~week || || 604,800 || || هفتو || || || || || Ms || [[هفتو]] |- | year || a || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | years || yr || || 31,557,600 || || سال || || || || || Ms || [[سال]] |- | byr || =short billion year |- | day || =d |- | days || =d |- | dog yr || =dog year |- | Gyr || =thousand million year |- | hour || =h |- | hours || =h |- | kMyr || =thousand million year |- | kmyr || =thousand million year |- | kyr || =millennium |- | long byr || =long billion year |- | minute || =min |- | minutes || =min |- | mth || =month |- | Myr || =million year |- | myr || =million year |- | sec || =s |- | second || =s |- | seconds || =s |- | tmyr || =thousand million year |- | tryr || =short trillion year |- | tyr || =millennium |- | week || =wk |- | weeks || =wk |- | yr || =year |} === ٽارڪ (Torque) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | kg.m || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgf.m || kgf⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام-فورس ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kgm || kg⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || ڪلوگرام ميٽر || || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | kpm || kp⋅m || || 9.80665 || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || ڪلوپونڊ ميٽر || || || Nm lbft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb-fft || ft⋅lb_f || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.ft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lb.in || lb⋅in || || 0.1129848290276167 || || پائونڊ-فورس انچ || || || || || mN.m || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbfft || lbf⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || پائونڊ-فورس فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | lbft || lb⋅ft || || 1.3558179483314004 || || پائونڊ فوٽ || پائونڊ فوٽ || || || || Nm || [[پائونڊ-فوٽ (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kg-f || m⋅kg_f || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | m.kgf || m⋅kgf || || 9.80665 || || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || ميٽر ڪلوگرام-فورس || || Nm lbfft || [[ڪلوگرام ميٽر (ٽارڪ)]] |- | mN.m || mN⋅m || || 0.001 || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || ملي نيوٽن-ميٽر || || || lb.in || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | Nm || N⋅m || || 1 || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || نيوٽن-ميٽر || || SI || lbfft || [[نيوٽن-ميٽر]] |- | kN/m || ==kN/-m-stiff || default = lbf/in |- | lbf/in || ==lbf/-in-stiff || default = kN/m |- | lb-f.ft || =lb-fft |- | lbf.ft || =lbfft |- | lbf·ft || =lbfft |- | lb·ft || =lb.ft |- | mkg-f || =m.kg-f |- | mkgf || =m.kgf |- | N.m || =Nm |- | N·m || =Nm |} === آمدرفت (Transportation) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | ton-mile || ~ton-mile || || 0.90718474*1.609344 || || ٽن-ميل || || || || || tkm || [[ٽن-ميل]] |- | tkm || tkm || || 1 || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || ٽن-ڪلوميٽر || || || ton-mile || [[ٽن-ڪلوميٽر]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | -12USoz(mL)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USoz(ml)serve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving || || || ml || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | -12USozserve || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || 12*0.0000295735295625 || || 12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || 12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving || || || mL || [[مشروب جو ڪين#معياري ماپون]] |- | acre-foot || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | acre-ft || acre⋅ft || || 1233.48183754752 || || ايڪر-فوٽ || ايڪر-فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ايڪر-فوٽ]] |- | AUtbsp || AU&nbsp;tbsp || || 0.000020 || || آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون || || || || || ml || [[آسٽريلوي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | Bcuft || billion cu&nbsp;ft || || 28316846.592 || || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || ارب ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || Gl || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | bdft || bd&nbsp;ft || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board feet || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | board foot || ~board foot || || 0.0023597372167 || || بورڊ فوٽ || بورڊ فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[بورڊ فوٽ]] |- | cc || cc || || 0.000001 || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر || || || cuin || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | CID || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cc || [[ڪعبي انچ#انجڻ جو بي گھرڻ]] |- | cord || cord || || 3.624556363776 || || ڪارڊ || || || || || m3 || [[ڪارڊ (يونٽ)]] |- | cufoot || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuft || cu&nbsp;ft || || 0.028316846592 || || ڪعبي فوٽ || ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي فوٽ]] |- | cuin || cu&nbsp;in || || 0.000016387064 || || ڪعبي انچ || ڪعبي انچ || || || || cm3 || [[ڪعبي انچ]] |- | cumi || cu&nbsp;mi || || 4,168,181,825.440579584 || || ڪعبي ميل || || || || || km3 || [[ڪعبي ميل]] |- | cuyd || cu&nbsp;yd || || 0.764554857984 || || ڪعبي گز || || || || || m3 || [[ڪعبي گز]] |- | firkin || ~firkin || || 0.04091481 || || فرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[فرڪن (يونٽ)]] |- | foot3 || =cufoot |- | Goilbbl || Gbbl || || 158987294.928 || || ارب بيرل || ارب بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | gr water || gr H₂O || || 0.00000006479891 || || گرين پاڻي || گرين پاڻي || || || || cm3 || [[گرين (يونٽ)]] |- | grt || grt || || 2.8316846592 || || گراس رجسٽر ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[گراس رجسٽر ٽنيج]] |- | impbbl || imp&nbsp;bbl || || 0.16365924 || || امپيريل بيرل || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | impbsh || imp&nbsp;bsh || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || L impgal USdrygal || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impbu || imp&nbsp;bu || || 0.03636872 || || امپيريل بشل || || || || || m3 || [[امپيريل بشل]] |- | impgal || imp&nbsp;gal || || 0.00454609 || || امپيريل گيلن || || || || || L USgal || [[امپيريل گيلن]] |- | impgi || gi || || 0.0001420653125 || || جل || || || || || ml USoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | impkenning || kenning || || 0.01818436 || || امپيريل ڪيننگ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | impoz || imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || || 0.0000284130625 || || امپيريل سيال اونس || || || || || ml USoz || [[امپيريل سيال اونس]] |- | imppk || pk || || 0.00909218 || || امپيريل پيڪ || || || || || L USdrygal || [[پيڪ]] |- | imppt || imp&nbsp;pt || || 0.00056826125 || || امپيريل پنٽ || || || || || L || [[امپيريل پنٽ]] |- | impqt || imp&nbsp;qt || || 0.0011365225 || || امپيريل ڪوارٽ || || || || || ml USoz || @[[امپيريل ڪوارٽ]] |- | kilderkin || ~kilderkin || || 0.08182962 || || ڪلڊرڪن || || || || || L impgal USgal || [[ڪلڊرڪن]] |- | koilbbl || kbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | L || L || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | l || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || SI || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | ll || l || || 0.001 || || ليٽر || || ليٽر || || || impgal USgal || [[ليٽر]] |- | m3 || m³ || || 1 || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || ڪعبي %sميٽر || || SI3 || cuft || [[ڪعبي ميٽر]] |- | Mbbl || Mbbl || || 158.987294928 || || هزار بيرل || هزار بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MMoilbbl || MMbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | Moilbbl || Mbbl || || 158987.294928 || || ملين بيرل || ملين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | MTON || MTON || || 0.028316846592*40 || || ماپ ٽن || || || || || m3 || [[ماپ ٽن]] |- | MUSgal || million US&nbsp;gal || million U.S.&nbsp;gal || 3785.411784 || || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || ملين آمريڪي گيلن || || Ml || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | oilbbl || bbl || || 0.158987294928 || || بيرل || || || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | stere || ~stere || || 1 || || اسٽيئر || || || || || cuft || [[اسٽيئر]] |- | tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || tmcft || tmcft || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Tmcft || tmcft || || 28316846.592 || || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || هزار ملين ڪعبي فوٽ || || || || km3 || [[ٽي ايم سي ايف ٽي]] |- | Toilbbl || Tbbl || || 158987294928 || || ٽرلين بيرل || ٽرلين بيرل || || || || v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)#تيل جو بيرل]] |- | USbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.119240471196 || || آمريڪي بيرل || || آمريڪي بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbeerbbl || US&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;bbl || 0.117347765304 || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || آمريڪي بيئر بيرل || || || L USgal impgal || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USbsh || US&nbsp;bsh || U.S.&nbsp;bsh || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USbu || US&nbsp;bu || U.S.&nbsp;bu || 0.03523907016688 || || آمريڪي بشل || || آمريڪي بشل || || || L USdrygal impgal || [[بشل]] |- | USdrybbl || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl || 0.11562819898508 || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || آمريڪي خشڪ بيرل || || || m3 || [[بيرل (يونٽ)]] |- | USdrygal || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal || 0.00440488377086 || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || آمريڪي خشڪ گيلن || || || L || [[گيلن]] |- | USdrypt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt || 0.0005506104713575 || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ پنٽ || || || ml || [[پنٽ]] |- | USdryqt || US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt || 0.001101220942715 || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي خشڪ ڪوارٽ || || || ml || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USflgal || US fl gal || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[گيلن]] |- | USgal || US&nbsp;gal || U.S.&nbsp;gal || 0.003785411784 || || آمريڪي گيلن || || آمريڪي گيلن || || || L impgal || [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | USgi || gi || || 0.0001182941183 || || جل || || || || || ml impoz || [[جل (يونٽ)]] |- | USkenning || US&nbsp;kenning || U.S.&nbsp;kenning || 0.01761953508344 || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || آمريڪي ڪيننگ || || || L impgal || [[ڪيننگ (يونٽ)]] |- | USmin || US&nbsp;min || U.S.&nbsp;min || 0.000000061611519921875 || || آمريڪي منم || || آمريڪي منم || || || ml || [[منم (يونٽ)]] |- | USoz || US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz || 0.0000295735295625 || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || آمريڪي سيال اونس || || || ml || [[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | USpk || US&nbsp;pk || U.S.&nbsp;pk || 0.00880976754172 || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || آمريڪي پيڪ || || || L impgal || [[پيڪ]] |- | USpt || US&nbsp;pt || U.S.&nbsp;pt || 0.000473176473 || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || آمريڪي پنٽ || || || L imppt || [[پنٽ]] |- | USqt || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml || +[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | USquart || US&nbsp;qt || U.S.&nbsp;qt || 0.000946352946 || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || آمريڪي ڪوارٽ || || || ml impoz || [[ڪوارٽ]] |- | UStbsp || US&nbsp;tbsp || U.S.&nbsp;tbsp || 0.000946352946/64 || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون || || || ml || [[آمريڪي ٽيبل اسپون]] |- | winecase || ~case || || 0.009 || || ڪيس || || || || || L || [[ڪيس (سامان)]] |- | *U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us || link = *[[گيلن]] |- | *U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = *[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USdrygal || =USdrygal || link = +[[گيلن]] |- | +usfloz || =USoz || link = +[[سيال اونس]] |- | +USgal || =USgal || link = +[[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | +USoz || =USoz || link = +[[آمريڪي سيال اونس]] |- | @impgal || =impgal || link = @[[گيلن]] |- | acre feet || =acre-ft |- | acre foot || =acre-foot |- | acre ft || =acre-ft |- | acre-feet || =acre-ft |- | acre.foot || =acre-foot |- | acre.ft || =acre-ft |- | acre·ft || =acre-ft |- | bushels || =USbsh |- | cid || =CID |- | ft3 || =cuft || symbol = ft³ |- | gal || =USgal |- | gallon || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallon%} نه) |- | gallons || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي گيلن لاءِ %{USgal%} يا امپيريل گيلن لاءِ %{impgal%} استعمال ڪريو (%{gallons%} نه) |- | Gcuft || =e9cuft |- | impfloz || =impoz |- | Impgal || =impgal |- | in3 || =cuin || symbol = in³ |- | hm³ || =hm3 |- | kcuft || =e3cuft |- | kcum || =e3m3 |- | km³ || =km3 |- | liter || =L || sp=us |- | liters || =L || sp=us |- | litre || =L |- | litres || =L |- | Mcuft || =e6cuft |- | Mcum || =e6m3 |- | Mft3 || =e6cuft |- | mi3 || =cumi || symbol = mi³ |- | m³ || =m3 |- | Pcuft || =e15cuft |- | pt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي پنٽ لاءِ %{USpt%} يا امپيريل پنٽ لاءِ %{imppt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{pt%} نه) |- | qt || colspan="11" | !آمريڪي ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{USqt%} يا امپيريل ڪوارٽ لاءِ %{impqt%} استعمال ڪريو (%{qt%} نه) |- | Tcuft || =e12cuft |- | Tft3 || =e12cuft |- | U.S.bbl || =USbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.beerbbl || =USbeerbbl || sp=us || default = L U.S.gal impgal |- | U.S.bsh || =USbsh || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.bu || =USbu || sp=us || default = L U.S.drygal impgal |- | U.S.drybbl || =USdrybbl || sp=us |- | U.S.drygal || =USdrygal || sp=us |- | U.S.drypt || =USdrypt || sp=us |- | U.S.dryqt || =USdryqt || sp=us |- | U.S.flgal || =USflgal || sp=us |- | U.S.floz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | u.s.gal || =USgal || sp=us || link = [[آمريڪي گيلن]] |- | U.S.gi || =USgi || sp=us |- | U.S.kenning || =USkenning || sp=us |- | U.S.oz || =USoz || sp=us |- | U.S.pk || =USpk || sp=us |- | U.S.pt || =USpt || sp=us |- | U.S.qt || =USqt || sp=us || default = L impqt || link = *[[ڪوارٽ]] |- | usbbl || =USbbl |- | usbeerbbl || =USbeerbbl |- | usbsh || =USbsh |- | usbu || =USbu |- | usdrybbl || =USdrybbl |- | usdrygal || =USdrygal |- | usdrypt || =USdrypt |- | usdryqt || =USdryqt |- | USfloz || =USoz |- | usfloz || =USoz |- | USGAL || =USgal |- | usgal || =USgal |- | usgi || =USgi |- | uskenning || =USkenning |- | usoz || =USoz |- | uspk || =USpk |- | uspt || =USpt |- | usqt || =USqt |- | yd3 || =cuyd || symbol = yd³ |} === في ايراضي يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuft/sqmi || ==cuft/sqmi || default = m3/km2 |- | m3/ha || m³/ha || || 0.0001 || || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || ڪعبي ميٽر في هيڪٽر || || USbu/acre || [[هيڪٽر]] |- | m3/km2 || ==m3/km2 || default = cuft/sqmi |- | U.S.gal/acre || ==U.S.gal/acre || default = m3/km2 |- | USbu/acre || ~US bushel per acre || || 0.03523907016688/4046.8564224 || || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || آمريڪي بشل في ايڪر || || || || m3/ha || [[بشل]] |- | USgal/acre || ==USgal/acre || default = m3/km2 |} === في ڊيگهه يونٽ مقدار (Volume per unit length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!نشان !!آمريڪي نشان !!پيمانو !!اضافي !!نالو !!جمع نالو !!آمريڪي نالو !!آمريڪي جمع نالو !!پريفڪس !!ڊيفالٽ !!لنڪ |- | cuyd/mi || ==cuyd/mi || default = m3/km |- | m3/km || ==m3/km || default = cuyd/mi |} == گهڻا انپٽ (Input multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون گڏيل انپٽ يونٽن جي تعريف ڪن ٿيون جيڪي ڪيترن ئي يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هونديون آهن۔ هڪ گڏيل انپٽ لازمي طور ٻن يونٽ ڪوڊن تي مشتمل هوندي، جتي ٻيو پهرئين جو ذيلي حصو هوندو آهي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پٽ پڻ مقرر ڪرڻو پوندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، متبادل يونٽ ڪوڊ يا نالو پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ متبادل يونٽ جو پيمانو ذيلي يونٽ جي برابر هجڻ گهرجي، پر ان جو نالو يا نشان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن ٻئي، متبادل يونٽ ۽ نالو، مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته جڏهن انپٽ صرف ٻن حصن تي مشتمل هجي ته يونٽ استعمال ٿيندو، جڏهن ته ٽن يا وڌيڪ حصن ۾ متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو (عام طور متبادل نالو ننڍو هوندو آهي، جيڪو گهڻن حصن واري انپٽ لاءِ فائديمند ٿي سگهي ٿو)۔ جيڪڏهن متبادل نالو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ته اهو يونٽ جي نشان، نالي ۽ جمع نالي کي تبديل ڪري ڇڏيندو آهي۔ ٻين لفظن ۾، ساڳيو متبادل نالو استعمال ٿيندو، ڀلي يونٽ مختصر هجي يا مڪمل، ۽ ڀلي يونٽن جو تعداد ڪيترو به هجي۔ جيڪڏهن يونٽ <code>yd</code> ۾ <code>ft</code> ذيلي يونٽ طور اجازت ٿيل هجي، ۽ <code>ft</code> ۾ <code>in</code>، ته تبديلي لاءِ انپٽ ۾ ٽيئي يونٽ استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا (مثال طور <code>&#123;{convert|1|yd|2|ft|3|in}}</code> جنهن جو مطلب آهي 1 يارڊ، 2 فوٽ، 3 انچ)۔ انپٽ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ يونٽن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ اسڪرپٽ جي عمل کي آسان ڪرڻ لاءِ، جيڪو هن وڪي متن مان ڊيٽا ڪڍي ٿو، پهرين ڪالم ۾ يونٽ ڪوڊ رکڻ ضروري آهي؛ اهو يونٽ ڪوڊ استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ هي سيڪشن سڀني يونٽن ۽ گڏيل صورتن جي تعريف کان پوءِ پڙهيو ويندو آهي، تنهنڪري يونٽ ڪوڊ هن صفحي جي ڪنهن به حصي ڏانهن حوالو ڏئي سگهن ٿا۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _acre_rood || acre || rood || ha || || |- | _acre_sqperch || acre || sqperch || ha || || |- | _rood_sqperch || rood || sqperch || m2 || || |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _ch_ft || ch || ft || m || || |- | _ch_yd || ch || yd || m || || |- | _chain_ft || chain || ft || m || || |- | _chain_yd || chain || yd || m || || |- | _foot_in || foot || in || m || || |- | _ft_in || ft || in || m || || |- | _mi_ch || mi || ch || km || || |- | _mi_chlk || mi || chlk || km || || |- | _mi_chain || mi || chain || km || || |- | _mi_chainlk || mi || chainlk || km || || |- | _mi_ft || mi || ft || km || || |- | _mi_furlong || mi || furlong || km || || |- | _mi_yd || mi || yd || km || || |- | _smi_chain || smi || chain || km || || |- | _yd_ft || yd || ft || m || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ !!متبادل !!نالو |- | _lb_oz || lb || oz || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_qtr || Lcwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _Lcwt_st || Lcwt || st || kg || || |- | _long_cwt_qtr || long cwt || qtr || kg || || |- | _LT_Lcwt || LT || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _lt_Lcwt || lt || Lcwt || t || -Lcwt || |- | _qtr_lb || qtr || lb || kg || || |- | _st_lb || st || lb || kg lb || || |- | _ST_Scwt || ST || Scwt || t || -Scwt || |} == آئوٽ پُٽ گهڻا (Output multiples) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن "گهڻن" يونٽ ڪوڊن جي وضاحت ڪن ٿيون جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گهڻو ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته تبديلي جو نتيجو ڪيترن حصن تي مشتمل هوندو (مثال طور، ڊيگهه کي يارڊ، فوٽ ۽ انچ ۾ ظاهر ڪرڻ)۔ === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | mich || mi || ch || || |- | michlk || mi || chlk || || |- | michainlk || mi || chainlk || || |- | miyd || mi || yd || || |- | miydftin || mi || yd || ft || in |- | mift || mi || ft || || |- | ydftin || yd || ft || in || |- | ydft || yd || ft || || |- | ftin || ft || in || || |- | footin || foot || in || || |- | handin || hand || in || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گهڻو ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | lboz || lb || oz || || |- | stlb || st || lb || || |- | stlboz || st || lb || oz || |- | st and lb || st || lb || || |} == گڏيل صورتون (Combinations) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اڳواٽ مقرر ڪيل "گڏيل" يونٽ ڪوڊ ڏنا ويا آهن، جيڪي آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ طور استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن آئوٽ پُٽ لاءِ گڏيل ڪوڊ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته انپٽ قدر کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويندو۔ هتي ڏنل گڏيل صورتن کان علاوه، [[مدد:يونٽن جي تبديلي#گڏيل صورتون|يونٽن کي گڏ ڪري سگهجي ٿو]] يعني يونٽ ڪوڊن کي خالي جڳهه يا جمع (+) نشان سان الڳ ڪري استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | GN LTf || GN || -LTf || || |- | GN LTf STf || GN || -LTf || -STf || |- | GN STf || GN || -STf || || |- | GN STf LTf || GN || -STf || -LTf || |- | kN LTf || kN || -LTf || || |- | kN LTf STf || kN || -LTf || -STf || |- | kN STf || kN || -STf || || |- | kN STf LTf || kN || -STf || -LTf || |- | LTf STf || -LTf || -STf || || |- | MN LTf || MN || -LTf || || |- | MN LTf STf || MN || -LTf || -STf || |- | MN STf || MN || -STf || || |- | MN STf LTf || MN || -STf || -LTf || |- | STf LTf || -STf || -LTf || || |} === ايندھن جي ڪارڪردگي (Fuel efficiency) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | L/100 km mpgimp || L/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | l/100 km mpgimp || l/100 km || mpgimp || || |- | L/100 km mpgUS || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | L/100 km mpgus || L/100 km || mpgus || || |- | l/100 km mpgus || l/100 km || mpgus || || |- | mpgimp L/100 km || mpgimp || L/100 km || || |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | LT ST t || lt || -ST || t || |- | LT t ST || lt || t || -ST || |- | ST LT t || -ST || lt || t || |- | ST t LT || -ST || t || lt || |- | t LT ST || t || lt || -ST || |- | ton || LT || ST || || |} === دٻاءُ (Pressure) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | kPa kg/cm2 || kPa || kgf/cm2 || || |- | kPa lb/in2 || kPa || -lb/in2 || || |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !گڏيل ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ !!يونٽ ڪوڊ |- | floz || impoz || USoz || || |} == ڊيفالٽ (Defaults) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس يا انجنيئرنگ نوٽيشن پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ بنيادي يونٽ کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cm2 || sqin |- | dm2 || sqin |- | e3acre || km2 |- | e3m2 || e6sqft |- | e6acre || km2 |- | e6ha || e6acre |- | e6km2 || e6sqmi |- | e6m2 || e6sqft |- | e6sqft || v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2 |- | e6sqmi || e6km2 |- | hm2 || acre |- | km2 || sqmi |- | mm2 || sqin |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | aJ || eV |- | e3BTU || MJ |- | e6BTU || GJ |- | EJ || kWh |- | eV || aJ |- | feV || yJ |- | fJ || keV |- | GeV || nJ |- | GJ || kWh |- | keV || fJ |- | MeV || pJ |- | meV || zJ |- | MJ || kWh |- | neV || yJ |- | PeV || mJ |- | peV || yJ |- | PJ || kWh |- | pJ || MeV |- | TeV || μJ |- | TJ || kWh |- | YJ || kWh |- | yJ || μeV |- | ZJ || kWh |- | zJ || meV |- | μeV || yJ |} === وهڪرو (Flow) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a |- | e12cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d |- | e12m3/a || Tcuft/a |- | e12m3/d || Tcuft/d |- | e3cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e3cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d |- | e3cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s |- | e3m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a |- | e3m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d |- | e3m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s |- | e3USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/a || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e6cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d |- | e6cuft/s || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s |- | e6m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a |- | e6m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d |- | e6m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s |- | e6USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a |- | e9cuft/a || m3/a |- | e9cuft/d || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d |- | e9m3/a || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a |- | e9m3/d || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d |- | e9m3/s || v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s |- | e9USgal/a || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a |- | e9USgal/s || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s |} === قوت (Force) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | nN || gr-f |- | μN || gr-f |- | mN || oz-f |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | am || in |- | cm || in |- | dam || ft |- | dm || in |- | e12km || e12mi |- | e12mi || e12km |- | e3AU || ly |- | e3km || e3mi |- | e3mi || e3km |- | e6km || e6mi |- | e6mi || e6km |- | e9km || AU |- | e9mi || e9km |- | Em || mi |- | fm || in |- | Gm || mi |- | hm || ft |- | km || mi |- | mm || in |- | Mm || mi |- | nm || in |- | Pm || mi |- | pm || in |- | Tm || mi |- | Ym || mi |- | ym || in |- | Zm || mi |- | zm || in |- | μm || in |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | e12lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt |- | e3lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3ozt || v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t |- | e3t || LT ST |- | e6carat || t |- | e6lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne |- | e6ozt || lb kg |- | e6ST || Mt |- | e6t || LT ST |- | e9lb || v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt |- | e9t || LT ST |- | Gg || lb |- | kg || lb |- | mg || gr |- | Mg || LT ST |- | ng || gr |- | μg || gr |} === تابڪاريت (Radioactivity) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | mBq || fCi |- | kBq || nCi |- | MBq || μCi |- | GBq || mCi |- | TBq || Ci |- | PBq || kCi |- | EBq || kCi |- | fCi || mBq |- | pCi || Bq |- | nCi || Bq |- | μCi || kBq |- | mCi || MBq |- | kCi || TBq |- | MCi || PBq |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | ns || μs |- | μs || ms |- | ms || s |- | ks || h |- | Ms || week |- | Gs || decade |- | Ts || millennium |- | Ps || million year |- | Es || thousand million year |} === گرمي پد (Temperature) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | MK || keVT |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڊيفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ |- | cL || impoz usoz |- | cl || impoz usoz |- | cm3 || cuin |- | dL || impoz usoz |- | dl || impoz usoz |- | mm3 || cuin |- | dm3 || cuin |- | e12cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3 |- | e12impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft |- | e12U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e12USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l |- | e15cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3 |- | e15m3 || Pcuft |- | e3bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e3cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3 |- | e3impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft |- | e3U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e3USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l |- | e6bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6cuyd || v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3 |- | e6impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6L || USgal |- | e6m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft |- | e6U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e6USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l |- | e9bdft || v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9cuft || v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3 |- | e9impgal || v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9m3 || v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft |- | e9U.S.gal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | e9USgal || v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l |- | GL || cuft |- | Gl || cuft |- | kL || cuft |- | kl || cuft |- | km3 || cumi |- | mL || impoz usoz |- | ml || impoz usoz |- | Ml || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | ML || v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft |- | TL || cumi |- | Tl || cumi |- | μL || cuin |- | μl || cuin |} == لنڪون (Links) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولون انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ لنڪون بيان ڪن ٿيون، جيڪي ايس آءِ پريفڪس استعمال ڪن ٿا، جتي ڳنڍيل مضمون بنيادي يونٽ جي مضمون کان مختلف هوندو آهي۔ === ايراضي (Area) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm2 || [[چورس ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm2 || [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm2 || [[چورس ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | km2 || [[چورس ڪلوميٽر]] |} === توانائي (Energy) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | kJ || [[ڪلوجول]] |- | MJ || [[ميگاجول]] |- | GJ || [[گيگاجول]] |- | TJ || [[ٽيراجول]] |} === ڊيگهه (Length) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | fm || [[فيمٽو ميٽر]] |- | pm || [[پيڪو ميٽر]] |- | nm || [[نانو ميٽر]] |- | μm || [[مائڪرو ميٽر]] |- | mm || [[ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm || [[سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm || [[ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam || [[ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | hm || [[هيڪٽو ميٽر]] |- | km || [[ڪلوميٽر]] |- | Mm || [[ميگا ميٽر]] |- | Gm || [[گيگا ميٽر]] |- | Tm || [[ٽيرا ميٽر]] |- | Pm || [[پيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Em || [[ايگزا ميٽر]] |- | Zm || [[زيٽا ميٽر]] |- | Ym || [[يوٽا ميٽر]] |} === وزن (Mass) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | μg || [[مائڪروگرام]] |- | mg || [[ملي گرام]] |- | kg || [[ڪلوگرام]] |- | Mg || [[ٽن]] |} === طاقت (Power) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | yW || [[يوڪٽو واٽ]] |- | zW || [[زيپٽو واٽ]] |- | aW || [[اٽو واٽ]] |- | fW || [[فيمٽو واٽ]] |- | pW || [[پيڪو واٽ]] |- | nW || [[نانو واٽ]] |- | μW || [[مائڪرو واٽ]] |- | mW || [[ملي واٽ]] |- | kW || [[ڪلو واٽ]] |- | MW || [[ميگا واٽ]] |- | GW || [[گيگا واٽ]] |- | TW || [[ٽيرا واٽ]] |- | PW || [[پيٽا واٽ]] |- | EW || [[ايگزا واٽ]] |- | ZW || [[زيٽا واٽ]] |- | YW || [[يوٽا واٽ]] |} === وقت (Time) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | as || [[اٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | fs || [[فيمٽو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ps || [[پيڪو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ns || [[نانو سيڪنڊ]] |- | μs || [[مائڪرو سيڪنڊ]] |- | ms || [[ملي سيڪنڊ]] |- | ks || [[ڪلو سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ms || [[ميگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Gs || [[گيگا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ts || [[ٽيرا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ps || [[پيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Es || [[ايگزا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Zs || [[زيٽا سيڪنڊ]] |- | Ys || [[يوٽا سيڪنڊ]] |} === مقدار (Volume) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !يونٽ ڪوڊ !!ڳنڍيل مضمون |- | mm3 || [[ڪعبي ملي ميٽر]] |- | cm3 || [[ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر]] |- | dm3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر]] |- | dam3 || [[ڪعبي ڊيڪا ميٽر]] |- | km3 || [[ڪعبي ڪلوميٽر]] |- | μL || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | μl || [[مائڪرو ليٽر]] |- | mL || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | ml || [[ملي ليٽر]] |- | cL || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | cl || [[سينٽي ليٽر]] |- | dL || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | dl || [[ڊيسي ليٽر]] |- | daL || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | dal || [[ڊيڪا ليٽر]] |- | hL || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | hl || [[هيڪٽو ليٽر]] |- | kL || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | kl || [[ڪلو ليٽر]] |- | ML || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | Ml || [[ميگا ليٽر]] |- | GL || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | Gl || [[گيگا ليٽر]] |- | TL || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | Tl || [[ٽيرا ليٽر]] |- | PL || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |- | Pl || [[پيٽا ليٽر]] |} == خودڪار في يونٽ (Automatic per units) == هيٺ ڏنل جدول ڪجهه اهڙن قسمن لاءِ برابر يونٽ قسما بيان ڪري ٿو، جيڪي خودڪار طور تي انهن يونٽ ڪوڊن لاءِ پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا جيڪي هن صورت ۾ هجن <code>''x''/''y''</code> (يعني ''x'' في ''y'')۔ مثال طور، يونٽ ڪوڊ <code>kg/hl</code> بيان ٿيل ناهي، تنهنڪري جيڪڏهن اهو استعمال ٿئي ته ان کي ڪلوگرام في هيڪٽوليٽر سمجهيو ويندو، جنهن جو يونٽ قسم وزن/مقدار ٿيندو؛ هيٺ ڏنل جدول ان کي ڪثافت ۾ تبديل ڪندو ته جيئن اهو ٻين ڪثافت يونٽن سان تبديل ٿي سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن "ڪثافت" لنڪ واري ڪالم ۾ ڏنل هجي ته يونٽ جو نالو يا نشان [[ڪثافت]] سان ڳنڍيو ويندو جيڪڏهن {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان کان علاوه، هڪ پيماني وارو ضرب پڻ ڏنو وڃي ٿو؛ اهو وزن/ايراضي يونٽن کي دٻاءُ جي يونٽن ۾ تبديل ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، ان فرض تي ته وزن ڪنهن شيءِ جي "وزن جي قوت" کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !قسم/قسم !!برابر يونٽ قسم !!لنڪ !!ضرب |- | /area || في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | /volume || في يونٽ مقدار || |- | area/area || ايراضي في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | energy/length || توانائي في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | energy/mass || توانائي في يونٽ وزن || |- | energy/time || طاقت || [[طاقت (طبعيات)]] |- | energy/volume || توانائي في يونٽ مقدار || |- | force/area || دٻاءُ || [[دٻاءُ]] |- | length/length || ڍلوان || [[ڍلوان (درجو)]] |- | length/time || رفتار || [[رفتار]] |- | length/time/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | mass/area || دٻاءُ || || 9.80665 |- | mass/length || لڪيري ڪثافت || |- | mass/mass || ارتڪاز || |- | mass/power || وزن في يونٽ طاقت || |- | mass/time || وزن في يونٽ وقت || |- | mass/volume || ڪثافت || [[ڪثافت]] |- | power/mass || طاقت في يونٽ وزن || |- | power/volume || || [[طاقتي ڪثافت]] |- | pressure/length || ٽٽڻ واري ڍلوان || |- | speed/time || تيز رفتاري || [[تيز رفتاري]] |- | volume/area || مقدار في يونٽ ايراضي || |- | volume/length || مقدار في يونٽ ڊيگهه || |- | volume/time || وهڪرو || |} == اووررائيڊ (Overrides) == هيٺ ڏنل جدولن ۾ اهي "اووررائيڊ" يونٽ ڪوڊ بيان ڪيا ويا آهن جيڪي ڪنهن ٻئي يونٽ سان ٽڪراءُ ڪن ٿا جڏهن انهن کي ڪنهن SI پريفڪس سان گڏايو وڃي ٿو۔ اهو اسڪرپٽ جيڪو هن صفحي کي پروسيس ڪري ٿو، عام طور تي اهڙن يونٽ ڪوڊن کي رد ڪري ٿو جيڪي اڳ ۾ موجود اندراج سان نقل ٿين، پر هتي ڏنل ڪوڊن لاءِ اها جاچ لاڳو نٿي ٿئي۔ "تبصرو" واري خاني ۾ ٽڪراءُ جي وضاحت ڏنل آهي، پر ٻي صورت ۾ ان کي نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو۔ === ايراضي === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | daa || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "ڊيڪاايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |- | ha || ڊيفالٽ پريفڪس کي اووررائيڊ ڪري ٿو جيڪو نالو "هيڪٽو ايئر" ڏئي ها۔ |} === وزن === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | MT || "ميٽرڪ ٽن" لاءِ، نه ته "ميگا ٽيسلا" لاءِ۔ |} === دٻاءُ === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !اووررائيڊ ڪوڊ !!تبصرو |- | Pa || "پاسڪل" لاءِ، نه ته "پيٽا-ايئر" لاءِ۔ |} 7k4brb2wz3jgcarkh2mlu48x7ne0z1l 0 95850 375595 375308 2026-05-03T06:45:56Z Ibne maryam 17680 375595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]] ، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|date=3 January 2012}}</ref> اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|quote=15 October 2016}}</ref> موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 June 2011|quote=21 August 2011}}</ref> ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 June 2011|quote=21 August 2011}}</ref> [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي <ref name="Numberobjects">{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 December 2023}}</ref> ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== == تاريخ== == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] llnhcadvxtk64nb86xvs6p9n8yhgro4 375609 375595 2026-05-03T08:34:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 375609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]] ، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|date=3 January 2012}}</ref> اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|quote=15 October 2016}}</ref> موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 June 2011|quote=21 August 2011}}</ref> ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 June 2011|quote=21 August 2011}}</ref> [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي <ref name="Numberobjects">{{حوالو ويب|archivedate=15 December 2023}}</ref> ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== ==تاريخ== ===ميوزيم بڻائڻ کان اڳ=== [[File:Donjon chateau louvre.JPG|thumb|Below-ground portions of the medieval Louvre are still visible.<ref name=Mignot>{{cite book| author=Claude Mignot |title=The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor's Guide to 500 Works |publisher=Abbeville Press |location=New York |isbn=0-7892-0578-5 |year=1999 |oclc=40762767 |url=https://archive.org/details/pocketlouvrevisi00mign}}</ref>{{rp|32}}]] {{Main|Louvre Palace}} The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by [[Philip II of France|King Philip II]] in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the west, as the [[Kingdom of England]] still held [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] at the time. Remnants of the [[Medieval Louvre]] are still visible in the crypt.{{R|Mignot|page=32}} Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.<ref name="Edwards" /> The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. According to the authoritative ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique]]'', the name derives from an association with a [[wolf hunting]] den (via Latin: ''lupus'', lower Empire: ''lupara'').<ref name="Edwards">Edwards,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;193–94</ref><ref>In Larousse ''Nouveau Dictionnaire étymologique et historique'', Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***'''loup''' 1080, Roland (''leu'', forme conservée dans ''à la queue leu leu'', ''Saint Leu'', etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word ''louvre'' is from ''lupara'', feminine (pop. Latin) form of ''lupus''.</ref> In the 7th century, [[Burgundofara]] (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have given part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,<ref>In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, ''Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l'abbé Lebeuf'', Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: "Louvre".</ref> even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. However, linguistically it would be sounder to derive the word from the French verb ''louer'' (to let, rent), with the Old French noun-building suffix ''-re'' appended (like in ''oeuvre'', ''genre'', ''ogre'', ''bougre'' etc.), signifying something which is let or rented. According to DuCange's medieval Latin glossary, ''louvagium'' in medieval France was a kind of fee or rent paid for the use of something. The Louvre Palace has been subject to numerous renovations since its construction. In the 14th&nbsp;century, [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] converted the building from its military role into a residence. In 1546, [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] started its rebuilding in [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Edwards198">Edwards,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;198</ref> After Louis XIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.<ref name="Edwards198" />{{R|Mignot|page=42}}<ref>Nore,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;274</ref> For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O185910/design-for-a-boulle-jean-philippe/ |date=21 July 2019 |publisher=V&A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death of André-Charles Boulle |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0 |date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |publisher=Khanacademy |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the [[House of France]]. At the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]''.<ref name="Mona"/> The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodelled Petite Galerie. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from [[Siam]] in 1686.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert W. Berger |date=1999 |title=Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |pages=83–86}}</ref> By the mid-18th&nbsp;century there were proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. Art critic [[Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne]] in 1747 published a call for a display of the royal collection. On 14 October 1750, [[Louis XV]] decided on a display of 96 pieces from the royal collection, mounted in the Galerie royale de peinture of the [[Luxembourg Palace]]. A hall was opened by [[Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem|Le Normant de Tournehem]] and the [[Abel François Poisson|Marquis de Marigny]] for public viewing of the "king's paintings" (''Tableaux du Roy'') on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Luxembourg gallery included [[Andrea del Sarto]]'s ''Charity'' and works by [[Raphael]]; [[Titian]]; [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]; [[Rembrandt]]; [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussin]] or [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]]. It closed in 1780 as a result of the royal gift of the Luxembourg palace to the Count of Provence (the future king, [[Louis XVIII]]) by the king in 1778.<ref name="Nora 278" /> Under [[Louis XVI]], the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition.<ref name="Carb 56">Carbonell, p.&nbsp;56</ref> The [[Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller|comte d'Angiviller]] broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} of the Louvre – which at that time contained the ''[[Musée des Plans-Reliefs|plans-reliefs]]'' or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the "French Museum". Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre's renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them. Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.<ref name="Nora 278" /> {{clear}} === Revolutionary opening === The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution. In May 1791, the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts".<ref name="Nora 278"/> On 10 August 1792, [[Louis XVI]] was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation urgent. In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display.<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;21–22</ref> [[File:Amor-Psyche-Canova-JBU02.JPG|thumb|right|[[Antonio Canova]]'s ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' was commissioned in 1787 and donated in 1824.<ref name="French">{{Cite web |title=French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova |url=http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |last1=Monaghan |first1=Sean M. |last2=Rodgers, Michael |year=2000 |website=19th Century Paris Project |publisher=School of Art and Design, San Jose State University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420173109/http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 |access-date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>]] The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as ''Muséum central des Arts de la République''. The public was given free access on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated".<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;35</ref> The collection showcased 537&nbsp;paintings and 184&nbsp;objects of art. Three-quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated [[émigrés]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] property (''[[biens nationaux]]'').<ref name="Alex 24" />{{R|Mignot|page=68-69}} To expand and organise the collection, the Republic dedicated 100,000&nbsp;[[Livre tournois|livres]] per year.<ref name="Nora 278">Nora,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;278</ref> In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the [[Treaty of Tolentino]] (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the ''[[Laocoön and His Sons|Laocoön]]'' and ''[[Apollo Belvedere]]'', to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".<ref name="Alex 24" /><ref>McClellan,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;7</ref> [[Bertrand Clauzel]] then chief of staff to [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], serving in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]], negotiated the [[abdication]] of the [[Charles Emmanuel IV|King of Sardinia]] in December 1798 from his mainland territories. To secure the agreement Clauzel returned with [[the Woman with Dropsy]], a painting by the Dutch master [[Gerrit Dou|Gerard Dou]]. Clauzel would donate it to the Louvre, making it the first donation in the museum's history.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=4 September 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Botta|first=Carlo|title=Storie d'Italia dall'anno 1789 all'anno 1814, Volume Terzo|publisher=Giovani Silvestri|year=1844|location=Milan|pages=298–299|language=It|trans-title=Stories of Italy from 1789 to 1814, Volume Three}}</ref><ref>Louvre collection, catalogue - {{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=22 November 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref> The early days were hectic. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabelled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling".<ref name="Alex 24">Alderson,&nbsp; pp. 24,&nbsp;25</ref> The museum closed in May 1796 due to structural deficiencies. It reopened on [[Bastille Day|14 July]] 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns.<ref name="Alex 24" /> On 15 August 1797, the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] was opened with an exhibition of drawings. Meanwhile, the Louvre's Gallery of Antiquity sculpture (''musée des Antiques''), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in [[Anne of Austria]]'s former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. === {{anchor|Musée Napoléon|Napoleon I}}Napoleonic era === {{see also|Napoleonic looting of art}} On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed [[Vivant Denon]], a scholar and polymath who had participated in the [[French Invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]] of 1798–1801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] and architects [[Léon Dufourny]] or [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]].<ref>{{citation|journal=Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre |volume=55 |date=Summer 2021 |author=Vivien Richard |title=Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon |page=74}}</ref> On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed ''Musée Napoléon''.<ref name=GBB>{{cite book|author=Geneviève Bresc |title=Mémoires du Louvre |publisher=Gallimard |date=1989 |location=Paris}}</ref>{{rp|79}} The collection grew through successful military campaigns.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} Acquisitions were made of Spanish, Austrian, Dutch, and Italian works, either as the result of [[war looting]] or formalised by treaties such as the [[Treaty of Tolentino]].<ref name="Alderson 25" /> At the end of Napoleon's First Italian Campaign in 1797, the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] was signed with [[Count Philipp von Cobenzl]] of the [[Austrian Monarchy]]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.<ref name="Plant, p. 36">Plant, p. 36</ref> The [[Horses of Saint Mark]], which had adorned the basilica of San Marco in Venice after the sack of [[Constantinople]] in 1204, were brought to Paris where they were placed atop Napoleon's [[Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel]] in 1797.<ref name="Plant, p. 36" /> Under the Treaty of Tolentino, the two statues of the Nile and Tiber were taken to Paris from the Vatican in 1797, and were both kept in the Louvre until 1815. (The Nile was later returned to Rome,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swetnam-Burland |first=Molly |date=2009 |title=Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=113 |issue=3 |page=440 |doi=10.3764/aja.113.3.439 |jstor=20627596|s2cid=191377908 }}</ref> whereas the Tiber has remained in the Louvre to this day.) The despoilment of Italian churches and palaces outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities.<ref>Popkin, p. 88</ref> After the French defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the looted works' former owners sought their return. The Louvre's administrator, Denon, was loath to comply in absence of a treaty of restitution. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all.<ref name="Alderson 25">Alderson,&nbsp;p. 25</ref>{{R|Mignot|page=69}}<ref>For example, [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]]'s ''Calvary'', [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana'', and Rogier van der Weyden's ''Annunciation'' were not returned.</ref> In 1815 [[Louis XVIII]] finally concluded agreements with the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paolo Veronese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59chAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA741 |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |year = 1867|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith |issue=December 1867 |page=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Christopher M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYponZ9FFGIC&pg=PA190 |title=Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0520212015 |page=190}}</ref> for the keeping of works such as Veronese's ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' which was exchanged for a large [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] or the repurchase of the [[Alessandro Albani|Albani]] collection. {{clear}} === From 1815 to 1852 === [[File:MG-Paris-Aphrodite of Milos edited.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' was added to the Louvre's collection during the reign of [[Louis XVIII]].]] For most of the 19th century, from [[Napoleon]]'s time to the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch's [[civil list]] and thus depended much on the ruler's personal involvement. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("{{lang|fr|les musées du Louvre}}") rather than singular.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marcy |first1=Pierre |title=Guide populaire dans les Musées du Louvre |date=1867 |publisher=Librairie du Petit Journal |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGcEAAAAYAAJ |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830), [[Louis XVIII]] and [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] added to the collections. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the [[Cour Carrée]] was completed on designs by [[Percier and Fontaine]]. In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée's southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.{{R|GBB|page=87}} Charles X in 1826 created the {{lang|fr|Musée Égyptien}} and in 1827 included it in his broader {{lang|fr|Musée Charles X}}, a new section of the museum complex located in a suite of lavishly decorated rooms on the first floor of the South Wing of the Cour Carrée. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by [[Jean-François Champollion]], formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's [[Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre|Department of Egyptian Antiquities]]. It was formed from the purchased collections of [[Edmé-Antoine Durand]], [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]] and the second collection of [[Bernardino Drovetti]] (the first one having been purchased by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] to form the core of the present [[Museo Egizio]] in [[Turin]]). The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the {{lang|fr|Galerie d'Angoulême}}, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the Cour Carrée, many of whose artifacts came from the [[Palace of Versailles]] and from Alexandre Lenoir's [[Musée des Monuments français (1795-1816)|Musée des Monuments Français]] following its closure in 1816. Meanwhile, the [[French Navy]] created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named {{lang|fr|musée dauphin}} in honour of [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Dauphin Louis Antoine]],<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_130_4_1468 |book-title=Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005 |title=Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie ? |author=Geneviève Lacambre |location=Paris |publisher=Editions du CTHS |date=2008 |pages=94–109 }}</ref> building on an 18th-century initiative of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]]. This collection, renamed {{lang|fr|musée naval}} in 1833 and later to develop into the [[Musée national de la Marine]], was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor [[attic]], where it remained for more than a century.<ref name=Marine>{{citation|journal=Artefact |title=Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ? |author=Géraldine Barron |date=April 2021|volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=143–162 |doi=10.4000/artefact.695 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Rooms of the Musée Charles X"> File:Dernière salle des antiquités égyptiennes (Louvre).jpg|First room File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 27 and others.jpg|Room&nbsp;27 File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 29 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;29 File:Salles des colonnes du Louvre, vue vers l'ouest.jpg|Salle des Colonnes File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 35 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;35 File:Room 36 of the Greek antiquities in the Louvre.jpg|Room&nbsp;36 File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 38 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;38 </gallery> {{multiple image|align=right |total_width=350|image1=Salon Carré Ceiling.jpg |image2=Palais du Louvre - Salle des Sept-Cheminées -1.JPG |footer=Ceiling decorations designed by [[Félix Duban]] in the [[Salon Carré]] (left) and {{lang|fr|Salle des Sept-Cheminées}} (right), late 1840s}} [[File:Giuseppe Castiglione - View of the Grand Salon Carré in the Louvre - WGA4552.jpg|thumb|300px|The display in the [[Salon Carré]], painted by [[Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)|Giuseppe Castiglione]] in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' is visible on the left, and his ''Supper in the House of Simon'' (now at the [[Palace of Versailles]]) is on the right.]] Following the [[July Revolution]], [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe]] focused his interest on the repurposing of the [[Palace of Versailles]] into a [[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Museum of French History]] conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the {{lang|fr|musée assyrien}} to host the monumental [[Assyrian sculpture]] works brought to Paris by [[Paul-Émile Botta]], in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847.<ref>{{cite web|website=Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad |title=The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre |url=https://archeologie.culture.fr/khorsabad/en/opening-assyrian-museum-louvre}}</ref> Separately, Louis-Philippe had his [[Spanish gallery]] displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's East ([[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]]) Wing,<ref>{{citation|title=La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838–1848 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371348d.texteImage |author1=Jeannine Baticle |author2=Cristina Marinas |publisher=Réunion des musées nationaux |location=Paris |date=1981}}</ref> but the collection remained his personal property. As a consequence, the works were removed after Louis-Philippe was deposed in 1848, and were eventually auctioned away in 1853. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] had more ambitions for the Louvre. It initiated repair work, the completion of the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] and of the {{lang|fr|salle des sept-cheminées}}, and the overhaul of the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}} (former site of the iconic yearly [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]]) and of the Grande Galerie.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée's attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,<ref name=Marine/> a change which was again reversed in 1920. In 1850 under the leadership of curator [[Adrien Prévost de Longpérier|Adrien de Longpérier]], the [[musée mexicain]] opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to [[pre-Columbian art]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 56 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/the-metropolitan-museum-journal-volume-56-2021 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> === Second Empire === {{Main|Napoleon III's Louvre expansion}} The rule of [[Napoleon III]] was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the museum. In 1852, he created the [[Musée des Souverains]] in the [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade Wing]], an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. In 1861, he bought 11,835&nbsp;artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the [[Campana collection]]. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named {{lang|fr|Musée Napoléon III}}, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. Between 1852 and 1870, the museum added 20,000&nbsp;new artefacts to its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Louvre? {{!}} Hobble Creek |url=https://hobblecreek.us/blog/entry/what-is-the-louvre |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=hobblecreek.us}}</ref> The main change of that period was to the building itself. In the 1850s architects [[Louis Visconti]] and [[Hector Lefuel]] created massive new spaces around what is now called the [[Cour Napoléon]], some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum.{{R|Mignot|page=52-54}} In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the {{lang|fr|pavillon des Sessions}} with a new {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}} closer to Napoleon III's residence in the [[Tuileries Palace]], with the effect of shortening the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} by about a third of its previous length. A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the {{lang|fr|salle des Empereurs}} below the [[Salon carré]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed"> File:Musée Napoléon III.jpg|Entrance to a section of the ''Musée Napoléon&nbsp;III'' from the ''salle des séances'', then a double-height space File:Galerie Daru - Musée du Louvre.jpg|''Galerie Daru'', part of the New Louvre building program under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Paris - Musée du Louvre (30612872064).jpg|''Salle Daru'' above the ''galerie Daru'', also created under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Escalier Mollien in 2010 (1).jpg|''Escalier Mollien'' in the New Louvre File:P1080712 Louvre salle romaine rwk.JPG|''Salle des Empereurs'' </gallery> {{clear}} === From 1870 to 1981 === [[File:Plaques honoring the defenders of the Louvre in May 1871.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaques honouring the Louvre's defenders in May 1871]] The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the [[Paris Commune]]. On 23 May 1871, as the French Army advanced into Paris, a force of ''Communards'' led by {{ill|Jules Bergeret|fr}} set fire to the adjoining [[Tuileries Palace]]. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the Tuileries and spreading to the north west wing of the museum next to it. The emperor's Louvre library (''Bibliothèque du Louvre'') and some of the adjoining halls, in what is now the Richelieu Wing, were separately destroyed. But the museum was saved by the efforts of Paris firemen and museum employees led by curator [[Henry Barbet de Jouy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=René Heron de Villefosse |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset |date=1959}}</ref> Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. The Salle du Manège was transferred to the museum in 1879, and in 1928 became its main entrance lobby.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Point |date=16 May 2015 |author1=Frédéric Lewino |author2=Anne-Sophie Jahn |title=Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour des Écuries |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/visite-interdite-du-louvre-4-la-magnifique-rampe-en-fer-a-cheval-de-la-cour-des-ecuries-16-05-2015-1928803_3.php}}</ref> The large Salle des Etats that had been created by Lefuel between the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} and Pavillon Denon was redecorated in 1886 by {{ill|Edmond Guillaume|fr}}, Lefuel's successor as architect of the Louvre, and opened as a spacious exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|website=INHA Institut national d'histoire de l'art |title=Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris) |url=https://www.inha.fr/fr/ressources/publications/publications-numeriques/dictionnaire-critique-des-historiens-de-l-art/guillaume-edmond.html |date=9 February 2010 |author=Olivia Tolede}}</ref><ref name=Bresc>{{cite book |author=Geneviève Bresc-Bautier |title=The Louvre, a Tale of a Palace |date=2008 |publisher=Louvre éditions |location=Paris |url=http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306033021/http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the [[Cour Carrée]], on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting by [[Carolus-Duran]], ''The Triumph of [[Marie de' Medici]]'' originally created in 1879 for the [[Luxembourg Palace]].<ref name=Bresc/> [[File:Daru staircase Louvre 2007 05 13.jpg|thumb|The Louvre's monumental [[Escalier Daru]], topped by the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', took its current appearance in the early 1930s.]] Meanwhile, during the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The 583-item {{lang|fr|Collection La Caze}}, donated in 1869 by [[Louis La Caze]], included works by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]; [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Jean-Antoine Watteau|Watteau]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} In 1883, the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the [[Escalier Daru]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} Major artefacts excavated at [[Susa]] in Iran, including the massive ''Apadana capital'' and glazed brick decoration from the [[Palace of Darius in Susa|Palace of Darius]] there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. The [[Société des amis du Louvre]] was established in 1897 and donated prominent works, such as the ''[[Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]]''. The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as [[Georges de La Tour]]'s ''Saint Thomas'' and [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]]'s 1935 donation of 4,000&nbsp;prints, 3,000&nbsp;drawings, and 500&nbsp;illustrated books. From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern art, covering a space ranging from [[Iran]] to the Atlantic. The collections of the Louvre's [[musée mexicain]] were transferred to the [[Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro]] in 1887. As the {{lang|fr|[[Musée national de la Marine|Musée de Marine]]}} was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor [[attic]] of the northern half of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the [[National Archaeological Museum, France|National Antiquities Museum]] in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], and the [[Chinese Museum (Fontainebleau)|Chinese Museum]] in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].<ref>{{cite book|date=1906 |author=Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty |title=Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3 |page=282}}</ref> The Musée de Marine itself was relocated to the [[Palais de Chaillot]] in 1943. The Louvre's extensive collections of [[Asian art]] were moved to the [[Guimet Museum]] in 1945. Nevertheless, the Louvre's first gallery of [[Islamic art]] opened in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Islamic Art – The Cour Visconti |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/an-introduction-to-islamic-art |access-date=17 January 2024 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L15196, Paris, Besuch Gerd v. Rundstedt im Louvre.jpg|thumb|Generalfeldmarschall [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] is seen with a plaster model of the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'',<ref>''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&q=%22the%20venus%20de%20milo%20now%20replaced%20by%20a%20plaster%20model%22 (4 November 1940), p. 39].</ref> while visiting the Louvre with the curator Alfred Merlin on 7 October 1940.]] [[File:Meuble de type borne dans la grande galerie du Louvre.jpg|thumb|Seating designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] in the late 1960s, {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}]] [[File:Salon Carré D201805 2.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}}'s 1972 museography for the [[Salon Carré]], with "dos-à-dos" seat designed in 1967 by [[Pierre Paulin]]]] In the late 1920s, Louvre Director [[Henri Verne]] devised a master plan for the rationalisation of the museum's exhibitions, which was partly implemented in the following decade. In 1932–1934, Louvre architects {{ill|Camille Lefèvre (architect)|lt=Camille Lefèvre|fr|Camille Lefèvre (architecte)}} and Albert Ferran redesigned the [[Escalier Daru]] to its current appearance. The {{lang|fr|Cour du Sphinx}} in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the [[Cour Carrée]], including some of France's first [[period room]] displays. In the late 1930s, The La Caze donation was moved to a remodelled {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}} above the {{lang|fr|salle des Caryatides}}, with reduced height to create more rooms on the second floor and a sober interior design by Albert Ferran.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} During [[World War II]], the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of [[Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II|evacuation of its art collection]]. When Germany occupied the [[Sudetenland]], many important artworks such as the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' were temporarily moved to the [[Château de Chambord]]. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. Select sculptures such as ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'' and the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' were sent to the [[Château de Valençay]].<ref>Alan Riding, ''And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris''. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.</ref> On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and "unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement".<ref>Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.</ref> In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.<ref>Simon,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;177</ref> New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}},<ref name=Bresc/> where the ''Mona Lisa'' was first displayed in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |website=Louvre |author=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Les accrochages de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour |url=https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501030432/https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Around 1950, Louvre architect {{ill|Jean-Jacques Haffner|fr}} streamlined the interior decoration of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}.<ref name=Bresc/> In 1953, a new ceiling by [[Georges Braque]] was inaugurated in the {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}, next to the {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}.<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-27-la-et-louvre-twombly27-2010mar27-story.html |title=Hitting the Louvre ceiling |author=Devorah Lauter |date=27 March 2010}}</ref> In the late 1960s, seats designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] were installed in the {{lang|fr|Grande Galerie|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Elle Decor |title=Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art |author=Rita Salerno |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27734656/pierre-paulin-biography-works/}}</ref> In 1972, the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}}'s museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect {{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}} with assistance from designers {{ill|André Monpoix|fr}}, [[Joseph-André Motte]] and Paulin.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Monde |title=Le "salon Carré", prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie |author=Michel Conil Lacoste |date=9 February 1972 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/02/09/le-salon-carre-prestigieux-vestibule-a-la-grande-galerie_2381391_1819218.html}}</ref> In 1961, the Finance Ministry accepted to leave the [[Pavillon de Flore]] at the southwestern end of the Louvre building, as Verne had recommended in his 1920s plan. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Figaro |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/12/04/26001-20141204ARTFIG00203-1964-le-louvre-sera-le-plus-beau-musee-du-monde.php |title=1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde |author=Pierre Mazars |date=18 November 1964}}</ref> === Grand Louvre === {{Main|Grand Louvre}} In 1981, French President [[François Mitterrand]] proposed, as one of his [[Grands Projets of François Mitterrand|Grands Projets]], the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the [[Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)|Finance Ministry]], until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate [[Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris|Musée des Arts Décoratifs]]) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. In 1984 [[I. M. Pei]], the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a [[Louvre Pyramid|glass pyramid]] in the Louvre's central ''Cour Napoléon''.{{R|Mignot|page=66}} The open spaces surrounding the pyramid were inaugurated on 15 October 1988, and its underground lobby was opened on 30 March 1989. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the [[Cour Carrée]], for which the planning had started before the ''Grand Louvre'', also opened in 1989. Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by [[Italo Rota]], opened on 15 December 1992.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry site, the museum's largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and [[Jean-Michel Wilmotte]]. Further underground spaces known as the [[Carrousel du Louvre]], centred on the [[Louvre Inverted Pyramid|Inverted Pyramid]] and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Other refurbished galleries, of Italian sculptures and Egyptian antiquities, opened in 1994. The third and last main phase of the plan unfolded mainly in 1997, with new renovated rooms in the Sully and Denon wings. A new entrance at the ''porte des Lions'' opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} As of 2002, the Louvre's visitor count had doubled from its pre-Grand-Louvre levels.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_24/b3787627.htm | date=17 June 2002 | title=Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette | work=Business Week Online | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210154237/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-06-16/online-extra-q-and-a-with-the-louvres-henri-loyrette | archive-date=10 December 2013| access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Louvre Courtyard, Looking West.jpg|The Napoleon Courtyard and Ieoh Ming Pei's [[Louvre Pyramid|pyramid]] in its centre, at dusk File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg|The Louvre Palace and the pyramid (by day) </gallery> === 21st century === President [[Jacques Chirac]], who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer {{ill|Jacques Kerchache|fr}}. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]] was installed on the ground floor of the {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}} and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Musée du Quai Branly itself. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the [[Alwaleed Philanthropies|Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation]] and on a design by [[Mario Bellini]] and [[Rudy Ricciotti]].<ref name="Islamic art, covered">Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), [https://www.ft.com/content/ad9c2ff2-f5bf-11e1-bf76-00144feabdc0 Islamic art, covered] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (19 September 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/arts/design/the-louvres-new-islamic-galleries-bring-riches-to-light.html The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2781939|title=Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts|author=Denis Bocquet|journal=Academia.edu|date=20 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2007, German painter [[Anselm Kiefer]] was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the [[Claude Perrault|Perrault]] [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]], ''Athanor''. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of [[Henri Loyrette]], fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, [[Georges Braque|George Braque]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Serafin |first=Amy |date=21 October 2007 |title=The Louvre Now Accepts the Living |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/arts/design/21sera.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010, American painter [[Cy Twombly]] completed a new ceiling for the {{lang|fr|Salle des Bronzes}} (the former {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}), a counterpoint to that of Braque installed in 1953 in the adjacent {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.<ref>{{cite web|website=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit |author=Doreen Carvajal |date=5 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist [[François Morellet]] to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. For ''L'esprit d'escalier'' Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title="L'esprit d'escalier", François Morellet {{!}} Cnap |url=https://www.cnap.fr/lesprit-descalier-francois-morellet |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=www.cnap.fr}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the [[Cour Carrée]]'s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web|website=La Tribune de l'Art |title=La réouverture des salles d'objets d'art du Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI |author=Didier Rykner |date=8 June 2014 |url=https://www.latribunedelart.com/la-reouverture-des-salles-d-objets-d-art-du-louvre-de-louis-xiv-a-louis-xvi-5107-5107-5107}}</ref> In January 2020, under the direction of [[Jean-Luc Martinez]], the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, ''L'Onde du Midi'' by Venezuelan kinetic artist [[Elias Crespin]]. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the [[Louvre Colonnade|Perrault Colonnade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Elias Crespin, l'art de la ligne au Louvre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/elias-crespin-l-art-de-la-ligne-au-louvre-20200120 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage]]. The museum closed after the end of the day on 29 February 2020,<ref>Yan, Holly. [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/europe/france-coronavirus-louvre-closed "Paris' famed Louvre Museum is closed as France deals with at least 100 cases of novel coronavirus"], [[CNN]], 1 March 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and it did not reopen until 6 July.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-museum-reopens-paris-four-month-closing-coronavirus/ "Louvre reopens after four-month closing due to coronavirus"], [[Associated Press]], via [[CBS News]], 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> The museum operated with limited capacity until 29 October, when it was ordered closed again due to an increase in COVID cases in France,<ref>Hickman, Matt. [https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/struggling-museums-lock-down-covid-19-surges-europe/ "Struggling cultural institutions lock down (again) as COVID-19 surges across Europe"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', 30 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and reopened on 19 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makoni |first=Abbianca |date=19 May 2021 |title=Bienvenu! Louvre museum reopens after six month shutdown |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/louvre-reopens-paris-coronavirus-pandemic-france-b935995.html |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> As a result, the museum recorded only 2.7 million visitors in 2020, down from 9.6 million in 2019 and a record 10.2 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020|url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20210108-louvre-museum-visitors-dropped-more-than-70-in-virus-wracked-2020|access-date=13 January 2021|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> In preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]], the Louvre staged an exhibit about the Games' history that links their ancient beginnings to the modern era.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaBarge |first=Emily |date=26 April 2024 |title=At the Louvre, the Olympics Are More French Than You Might Think |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/arts/louvre-olympics-exhibition.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Attendance rose to 8.9 million in 2023, 14 percent above 2022, but still short of the record of 10.2 million in 2018.<ref name="francetvinfo.fr">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/en-2023-le-louvre-a-retrouve-une-frequentation-pre-covid-avec-pres-de-9-millions-de-visiteurs_6280212.html | title=En 2023, le Louvre a retrouvé une fréquentation pré-Covid avec près de 9 millions de visiteurs | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2025, French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced plans for a renovation and expansion of the Louvre, including a room solely for the Mona Lisa. The planned renovation and expansion was a result of the increasing number of visitors each year to the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mona Lisa to get a room of her own in Louvre museum renovation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129135438/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The renovation is set to begin in September 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Masih |first=Niha |date=8 December 2025 |title=First a heist, now a leak. Water damages antique books at the Louvre. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2025/12/08/louvre-leak-water-books-egyptian/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On 16 June 2025, the museum's employees went on strike in protest against chronic issues such as overcrowding, understaffing and "untenable" working conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The world's most-visited museum shuts down, sounding the alarm on overtourism |url=https://apnews.com/article/louvre-museum-paris-closed-lines-delay-2bbf9be4f49de739fd14dd4d908e4d72 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The Louvre in Paris closes unexpectedly as staff protest conditions - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-paris-closed-reopening-unclear/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 October 2025, the Louvre was subjected to [[2025 Louvre robbery|a robbery]] through a forced window in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]]. The museum reported that jewellery had been stolen, and the perpetrators fled by motorbike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre closed due to robbery |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/10/musee-du-louvre-robbery/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Attractions Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> They used a construction platform left by the building to enter a window and leave with their score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Spectaculaire cambriolage au Louvre, des bijoux "inestimables" dérobés |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/spectaculaire-cambriolage-au-louvre-des-bijoux-inestimables-derobes-22f02fcfde8b09ab13c59aed4630ba79 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Boursorama |language=fr}}</ref> The museum was closed for the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Everything we know about the Louvre jewellery heist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> French interior minister [[Laurent Nuñez]] said the robbery involved intruders entering the museum via a basket lift using a platform mounted on a lorry and then cut into the window using what appeared to be angle grinders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Priceless' jewellery stolen from Louvre museum in Paris - as authorities reveal details of daring raid |url=https://news.sky.com/story/louvre-museum-in-paris-closed-after-robbery-13453106 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Nine major pieces of jewellery from the crowns of France were taken in a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Sandrine |last2=J.-M. D. |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre cambriolé : quels sont les bijoux exposés dans la galerie d'Apollon visée par les voleurs ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/musee-du-louvre-cambriole-quels-sont-les-bijoux-exposes-dans-la-galerie-dapollon-visee-par-les-voleurs-19-10-2025-VYY6HZW5FNFAHBMJHD53E3UKTI.php |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Eight pieces were stolen, including an emerald necklace that belonged to [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Empress Marie-Louise]] and three jewels that belonged to queens [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Marie-Amelie]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schechner |first=Sam |date=19 October 2025 |title=Brazen Heist at Louvre Museum Snatches Priceless Royal Jewels |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/seven-minute-heist-at-louvre-leaves-museum-missing-priceless-jewels-2b4b586e |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The ninth item, the [[Crown of Empress Eugénie]], was recovered the same day in a street close to the Louvre but in a damaged condition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biétry-Rivierre |first=Eric |date=19 October 2025 |title=1354 diamants, 56 émeraudes : la couronne de l'impératrice Eugénie, un trésor acquis par l'État en 1988 |trans-title=1354 diamonds, 56 emeralds: the crown of Empress Eugenie, a treasure acquired by the State in 1988 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/1354-diamants-56-emeraudes-la-couronne-de-l-imperatrice-eugenie-un-tresor-acquis-par-l-etat-en-1988-20251019 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> On 25 October, two of the suspected thieves were arrested, one was trying to fly to Algeria from Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |title=Two arrested over theft of jewels at Louvre museum in Paris |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2025|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026115154/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |archive-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>On 29 October, the prosecutor in charge said that they had "partially admitted" to their involvement in the heist. She added that the jewels were yet to be recovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |title=Louvre heist suspects 'partially admit' involvement, stolen jewels still missing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/detained-louvre-heist-suspects-have-partially-recognised-involvement-prosecutor-2025-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>On the same day, five additional suspects were arrested, but only one of them was allegedly part of the four-man heist team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five new suspects arrested over Louvre jewellery theft|date=30 October 2025|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030172208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-date=30 October 2025|work=BBC|access-date=30 October 2025|last=Armstrong|first=Kathryn}}</ref> On 30 October, police arrested five more suspects, but there was still no sign of the stolen jewels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |date=30 October 2025 |title=French police hunting stolen Louvre jewels arrest more suspects |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/third-suspect-arrested-over-louvre-heist-french-tv-reports-2025-10-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> In late November, a water line burst, and damaged between 300 and 400 books and journals, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" captionstyle="font-size: small;"> File:Pavillon des Sessions 01.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}}'s display of non-Western art from the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]], opened in 2000 File:Cour Visconti (Louvre) D201512a.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}'s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic Art Department in 2012 File:Les arts de l'Islam au Louvre (8055981963).jpg|Islamic art display in the covered {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}, 2012 File:Louvre, dipartimento di arte islamica, 01.JPG|Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 </gallery> == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] phug57i7yzy3cjx81feld3jj6amzm0a 375610 375609 2026-05-03T08:37:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 375610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]]، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== ==تاريخ== ===ميوزيم بڻائڻ کان اڳ=== [[File:Donjon chateau louvre.JPG|thumb|Below-ground portions of the medieval Louvre are still visible.<ref name=Mignot>{{cite book| author=Claude Mignot |title=The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor's Guide to 500 Works |publisher=Abbeville Press |location=New York |isbn=0-7892-0578-5 |year=1999 |oclc=40762767 |url=https://archive.org/details/pocketlouvrevisi00mign}}</ref>{{rp|32}}]] {{Main|Louvre Palace}} The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by [[Philip II of France|King Philip II]] in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the west, as the [[Kingdom of England]] still held [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] at the time. Remnants of the [[Medieval Louvre]] are still visible in the crypt.{{R|Mignot|page=32}} Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.<ref name="Edwards" /> The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. According to the authoritative ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique]]'', the name derives from an association with a [[wolf hunting]] den (via Latin: ''lupus'', lower Empire: ''lupara'').<ref name="Edwards">Edwards,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;193–94</ref><ref>In Larousse ''Nouveau Dictionnaire étymologique et historique'', Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***'''loup''' 1080, Roland (''leu'', forme conservée dans ''à la queue leu leu'', ''Saint Leu'', etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word ''louvre'' is from ''lupara'', feminine (pop. Latin) form of ''lupus''.</ref> In the 7th century, [[Burgundofara]] (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have given part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,<ref>In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, ''Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l'abbé Lebeuf'', Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: "Louvre".</ref> even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. However, linguistically it would be sounder to derive the word from the French verb ''louer'' (to let, rent), with the Old French noun-building suffix ''-re'' appended (like in ''oeuvre'', ''genre'', ''ogre'', ''bougre'' etc.), signifying something which is let or rented. According to DuCange's medieval Latin glossary, ''louvagium'' in medieval France was a kind of fee or rent paid for the use of something. The Louvre Palace has been subject to numerous renovations since its construction. In the 14th&nbsp;century, [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] converted the building from its military role into a residence. In 1546, [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] started its rebuilding in [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Edwards198">Edwards,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;198</ref> After Louis XIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.<ref name="Edwards198" />{{R|Mignot|page=42}}<ref>Nore,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;274</ref> For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O185910/design-for-a-boulle-jean-philippe/ |date=21 July 2019 |publisher=V&A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death of André-Charles Boulle |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0 |date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |publisher=Khanacademy |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the [[House of France]]. At the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]''.<ref name="Mona"/> The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodelled Petite Galerie. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from [[Siam]] in 1686.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert W. Berger |date=1999 |title=Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |pages=83–86}}</ref> By the mid-18th&nbsp;century there were proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. Art critic [[Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne]] in 1747 published a call for a display of the royal collection. On 14 October 1750, [[Louis XV]] decided on a display of 96 pieces from the royal collection, mounted in the Galerie royale de peinture of the [[Luxembourg Palace]]. A hall was opened by [[Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem|Le Normant de Tournehem]] and the [[Abel François Poisson|Marquis de Marigny]] for public viewing of the "king's paintings" (''Tableaux du Roy'') on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Luxembourg gallery included [[Andrea del Sarto]]'s ''Charity'' and works by [[Raphael]]; [[Titian]]; [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]; [[Rembrandt]]; [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussin]] or [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]]. It closed in 1780 as a result of the royal gift of the Luxembourg palace to the Count of Provence (the future king, [[Louis XVIII]]) by the king in 1778.<ref name="Nora 278" /> Under [[Louis XVI]], the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition.<ref name="Carb 56">Carbonell, p.&nbsp;56</ref> The [[Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller|comte d'Angiviller]] broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} of the Louvre – which at that time contained the ''[[Musée des Plans-Reliefs|plans-reliefs]]'' or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the "French Museum". Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre's renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them. Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.<ref name="Nora 278" /> {{clear}} === Revolutionary opening === The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution. In May 1791, the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts".<ref name="Nora 278"/> On 10 August 1792, [[Louis XVI]] was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation urgent. In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display.<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;21–22</ref> [[File:Amor-Psyche-Canova-JBU02.JPG|thumb|right|[[Antonio Canova]]'s ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' was commissioned in 1787 and donated in 1824.<ref name="French">{{Cite web |title=French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova |url=http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |last1=Monaghan |first1=Sean M. |last2=Rodgers, Michael |year=2000 |website=19th Century Paris Project |publisher=School of Art and Design, San Jose State University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420173109/http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 |access-date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>]] The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as ''Muséum central des Arts de la République''. The public was given free access on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated".<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;35</ref> The collection showcased 537&nbsp;paintings and 184&nbsp;objects of art. Three-quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated [[émigrés]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] property (''[[biens nationaux]]'').<ref name="Alex 24" />{{R|Mignot|page=68-69}} To expand and organise the collection, the Republic dedicated 100,000&nbsp;[[Livre tournois|livres]] per year.<ref name="Nora 278">Nora,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;278</ref> In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the [[Treaty of Tolentino]] (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the ''[[Laocoön and His Sons|Laocoön]]'' and ''[[Apollo Belvedere]]'', to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".<ref name="Alex 24" /><ref>McClellan,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;7</ref> [[Bertrand Clauzel]] then chief of staff to [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], serving in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]], negotiated the [[abdication]] of the [[Charles Emmanuel IV|King of Sardinia]] in December 1798 from his mainland territories. To secure the agreement Clauzel returned with [[the Woman with Dropsy]], a painting by the Dutch master [[Gerrit Dou|Gerard Dou]]. Clauzel would donate it to the Louvre, making it the first donation in the museum's history.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=4 September 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Botta|first=Carlo|title=Storie d'Italia dall'anno 1789 all'anno 1814, Volume Terzo|publisher=Giovani Silvestri|year=1844|location=Milan|pages=298–299|language=It|trans-title=Stories of Italy from 1789 to 1814, Volume Three}}</ref><ref>Louvre collection, catalogue - {{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=22 November 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref> The early days were hectic. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabelled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling".<ref name="Alex 24">Alderson,&nbsp; pp. 24,&nbsp;25</ref> The museum closed in May 1796 due to structural deficiencies. It reopened on [[Bastille Day|14 July]] 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns.<ref name="Alex 24" /> On 15 August 1797, the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] was opened with an exhibition of drawings. Meanwhile, the Louvre's Gallery of Antiquity sculpture (''musée des Antiques''), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in [[Anne of Austria]]'s former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. === {{anchor|Musée Napoléon|Napoleon I}}Napoleonic era === {{see also|Napoleonic looting of art}} On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed [[Vivant Denon]], a scholar and polymath who had participated in the [[French Invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]] of 1798–1801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] and architects [[Léon Dufourny]] or [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]].<ref>{{citation|journal=Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre |volume=55 |date=Summer 2021 |author=Vivien Richard |title=Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon |page=74}}</ref> On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed ''Musée Napoléon''.<ref name=GBB>{{cite book|author=Geneviève Bresc |title=Mémoires du Louvre |publisher=Gallimard |date=1989 |location=Paris}}</ref>{{rp|79}} The collection grew through successful military campaigns.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} Acquisitions were made of Spanish, Austrian, Dutch, and Italian works, either as the result of [[war looting]] or formalised by treaties such as the [[Treaty of Tolentino]].<ref name="Alderson 25" /> At the end of Napoleon's First Italian Campaign in 1797, the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] was signed with [[Count Philipp von Cobenzl]] of the [[Austrian Monarchy]]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.<ref name="Plant, p. 36">Plant, p. 36</ref> The [[Horses of Saint Mark]], which had adorned the basilica of San Marco in Venice after the sack of [[Constantinople]] in 1204, were brought to Paris where they were placed atop Napoleon's [[Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel]] in 1797.<ref name="Plant, p. 36" /> Under the Treaty of Tolentino, the two statues of the Nile and Tiber were taken to Paris from the Vatican in 1797, and were both kept in the Louvre until 1815. (The Nile was later returned to Rome,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swetnam-Burland |first=Molly |date=2009 |title=Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=113 |issue=3 |page=440 |doi=10.3764/aja.113.3.439 |jstor=20627596|s2cid=191377908 }}</ref> whereas the Tiber has remained in the Louvre to this day.) The despoilment of Italian churches and palaces outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities.<ref>Popkin, p. 88</ref> After the French defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the looted works' former owners sought their return. The Louvre's administrator, Denon, was loath to comply in absence of a treaty of restitution. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all.<ref name="Alderson 25">Alderson,&nbsp;p. 25</ref>{{R|Mignot|page=69}}<ref>For example, [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]]'s ''Calvary'', [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana'', and Rogier van der Weyden's ''Annunciation'' were not returned.</ref> In 1815 [[Louis XVIII]] finally concluded agreements with the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paolo Veronese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59chAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA741 |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |year = 1867|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith |issue=December 1867 |page=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Christopher M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYponZ9FFGIC&pg=PA190 |title=Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0520212015 |page=190}}</ref> for the keeping of works such as Veronese's ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' which was exchanged for a large [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] or the repurchase of the [[Alessandro Albani|Albani]] collection. {{clear}} === From 1815 to 1852 === [[File:MG-Paris-Aphrodite of Milos edited.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' was added to the Louvre's collection during the reign of [[Louis XVIII]].]] For most of the 19th century, from [[Napoleon]]'s time to the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch's [[civil list]] and thus depended much on the ruler's personal involvement. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("{{lang|fr|les musées du Louvre}}") rather than singular.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marcy |first1=Pierre |title=Guide populaire dans les Musées du Louvre |date=1867 |publisher=Librairie du Petit Journal |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGcEAAAAYAAJ |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830), [[Louis XVIII]] and [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] added to the collections. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the [[Cour Carrée]] was completed on designs by [[Percier and Fontaine]]. In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée's southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.{{R|GBB|page=87}} Charles X in 1826 created the {{lang|fr|Musée Égyptien}} and in 1827 included it in his broader {{lang|fr|Musée Charles X}}, a new section of the museum complex located in a suite of lavishly decorated rooms on the first floor of the South Wing of the Cour Carrée. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by [[Jean-François Champollion]], formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's [[Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre|Department of Egyptian Antiquities]]. It was formed from the purchased collections of [[Edmé-Antoine Durand]], [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]] and the second collection of [[Bernardino Drovetti]] (the first one having been purchased by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] to form the core of the present [[Museo Egizio]] in [[Turin]]). The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the {{lang|fr|Galerie d'Angoulême}}, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the Cour Carrée, many of whose artifacts came from the [[Palace of Versailles]] and from Alexandre Lenoir's [[Musée des Monuments français (1795-1816)|Musée des Monuments Français]] following its closure in 1816. Meanwhile, the [[French Navy]] created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named {{lang|fr|musée dauphin}} in honour of [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Dauphin Louis Antoine]],<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_130_4_1468 |book-title=Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005 |title=Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie ? |author=Geneviève Lacambre |location=Paris |publisher=Editions du CTHS |date=2008 |pages=94–109 }}</ref> building on an 18th-century initiative of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]]. This collection, renamed {{lang|fr|musée naval}} in 1833 and later to develop into the [[Musée national de la Marine]], was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor [[attic]], where it remained for more than a century.<ref name=Marine>{{citation|journal=Artefact |title=Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ? |author=Géraldine Barron |date=April 2021|volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=143–162 |doi=10.4000/artefact.695 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Rooms of the Musée Charles X"> File:Dernière salle des antiquités égyptiennes (Louvre).jpg|First room File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 27 and others.jpg|Room&nbsp;27 File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 29 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;29 File:Salles des colonnes du Louvre, vue vers l'ouest.jpg|Salle des Colonnes File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 35 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;35 File:Room 36 of the Greek antiquities in the Louvre.jpg|Room&nbsp;36 File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 38 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;38 </gallery> {{multiple image|align=right |total_width=350|image1=Salon Carré Ceiling.jpg |image2=Palais du Louvre - Salle des Sept-Cheminées -1.JPG |footer=Ceiling decorations designed by [[Félix Duban]] in the [[Salon Carré]] (left) and {{lang|fr|Salle des Sept-Cheminées}} (right), late 1840s}} [[File:Giuseppe Castiglione - View of the Grand Salon Carré in the Louvre - WGA4552.jpg|thumb|300px|The display in the [[Salon Carré]], painted by [[Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)|Giuseppe Castiglione]] in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' is visible on the left, and his ''Supper in the House of Simon'' (now at the [[Palace of Versailles]]) is on the right.]] Following the [[July Revolution]], [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe]] focused his interest on the repurposing of the [[Palace of Versailles]] into a [[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Museum of French History]] conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the {{lang|fr|musée assyrien}} to host the monumental [[Assyrian sculpture]] works brought to Paris by [[Paul-Émile Botta]], in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847.<ref>{{cite web|website=Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad |title=The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre |url=https://archeologie.culture.fr/khorsabad/en/opening-assyrian-museum-louvre}}</ref> Separately, Louis-Philippe had his [[Spanish gallery]] displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's East ([[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]]) Wing,<ref>{{citation|title=La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838–1848 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371348d.texteImage |author1=Jeannine Baticle |author2=Cristina Marinas |publisher=Réunion des musées nationaux |location=Paris |date=1981}}</ref> but the collection remained his personal property. As a consequence, the works were removed after Louis-Philippe was deposed in 1848, and were eventually auctioned away in 1853. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] had more ambitions for the Louvre. It initiated repair work, the completion of the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] and of the {{lang|fr|salle des sept-cheminées}}, and the overhaul of the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}} (former site of the iconic yearly [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]]) and of the Grande Galerie.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée's attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,<ref name=Marine/> a change which was again reversed in 1920. In 1850 under the leadership of curator [[Adrien Prévost de Longpérier|Adrien de Longpérier]], the [[musée mexicain]] opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to [[pre-Columbian art]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 56 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/the-metropolitan-museum-journal-volume-56-2021 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> === Second Empire === {{Main|Napoleon III's Louvre expansion}} The rule of [[Napoleon III]] was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the museum. In 1852, he created the [[Musée des Souverains]] in the [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade Wing]], an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. In 1861, he bought 11,835&nbsp;artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the [[Campana collection]]. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named {{lang|fr|Musée Napoléon III}}, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. Between 1852 and 1870, the museum added 20,000&nbsp;new artefacts to its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Louvre? {{!}} Hobble Creek |url=https://hobblecreek.us/blog/entry/what-is-the-louvre |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=hobblecreek.us}}</ref> The main change of that period was to the building itself. In the 1850s architects [[Louis Visconti]] and [[Hector Lefuel]] created massive new spaces around what is now called the [[Cour Napoléon]], some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum.{{R|Mignot|page=52-54}} In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the {{lang|fr|pavillon des Sessions}} with a new {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}} closer to Napoleon III's residence in the [[Tuileries Palace]], with the effect of shortening the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} by about a third of its previous length. A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the {{lang|fr|salle des Empereurs}} below the [[Salon carré]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed"> File:Musée Napoléon III.jpg|Entrance to a section of the ''Musée Napoléon&nbsp;III'' from the ''salle des séances'', then a double-height space File:Galerie Daru - Musée du Louvre.jpg|''Galerie Daru'', part of the New Louvre building program under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Paris - Musée du Louvre (30612872064).jpg|''Salle Daru'' above the ''galerie Daru'', also created under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Escalier Mollien in 2010 (1).jpg|''Escalier Mollien'' in the New Louvre File:P1080712 Louvre salle romaine rwk.JPG|''Salle des Empereurs'' </gallery> {{clear}} === From 1870 to 1981 === [[File:Plaques honoring the defenders of the Louvre in May 1871.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaques honouring the Louvre's defenders in May 1871]] The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the [[Paris Commune]]. On 23 May 1871, as the French Army advanced into Paris, a force of ''Communards'' led by {{ill|Jules Bergeret|fr}} set fire to the adjoining [[Tuileries Palace]]. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the Tuileries and spreading to the north west wing of the museum next to it. The emperor's Louvre library (''Bibliothèque du Louvre'') and some of the adjoining halls, in what is now the Richelieu Wing, were separately destroyed. But the museum was saved by the efforts of Paris firemen and museum employees led by curator [[Henry Barbet de Jouy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=René Heron de Villefosse |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset |date=1959}}</ref> Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. The Salle du Manège was transferred to the museum in 1879, and in 1928 became its main entrance lobby.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Point |date=16 May 2015 |author1=Frédéric Lewino |author2=Anne-Sophie Jahn |title=Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour des Écuries |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/visite-interdite-du-louvre-4-la-magnifique-rampe-en-fer-a-cheval-de-la-cour-des-ecuries-16-05-2015-1928803_3.php}}</ref> The large Salle des Etats that had been created by Lefuel between the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} and Pavillon Denon was redecorated in 1886 by {{ill|Edmond Guillaume|fr}}, Lefuel's successor as architect of the Louvre, and opened as a spacious exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|website=INHA Institut national d'histoire de l'art |title=Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris) |url=https://www.inha.fr/fr/ressources/publications/publications-numeriques/dictionnaire-critique-des-historiens-de-l-art/guillaume-edmond.html |date=9 February 2010 |author=Olivia Tolede}}</ref><ref name=Bresc>{{cite book |author=Geneviève Bresc-Bautier |title=The Louvre, a Tale of a Palace |date=2008 |publisher=Louvre éditions |location=Paris |url=http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306033021/http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the [[Cour Carrée]], on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting by [[Carolus-Duran]], ''The Triumph of [[Marie de' Medici]]'' originally created in 1879 for the [[Luxembourg Palace]].<ref name=Bresc/> [[File:Daru staircase Louvre 2007 05 13.jpg|thumb|The Louvre's monumental [[Escalier Daru]], topped by the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', took its current appearance in the early 1930s.]] Meanwhile, during the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The 583-item {{lang|fr|Collection La Caze}}, donated in 1869 by [[Louis La Caze]], included works by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]; [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Jean-Antoine Watteau|Watteau]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} In 1883, the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the [[Escalier Daru]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} Major artefacts excavated at [[Susa]] in Iran, including the massive ''Apadana capital'' and glazed brick decoration from the [[Palace of Darius in Susa|Palace of Darius]] there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. The [[Société des amis du Louvre]] was established in 1897 and donated prominent works, such as the ''[[Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]]''. The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as [[Georges de La Tour]]'s ''Saint Thomas'' and [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]]'s 1935 donation of 4,000&nbsp;prints, 3,000&nbsp;drawings, and 500&nbsp;illustrated books. From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern art, covering a space ranging from [[Iran]] to the Atlantic. The collections of the Louvre's [[musée mexicain]] were transferred to the [[Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro]] in 1887. As the {{lang|fr|[[Musée national de la Marine|Musée de Marine]]}} was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor [[attic]] of the northern half of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the [[National Archaeological Museum, France|National Antiquities Museum]] in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], and the [[Chinese Museum (Fontainebleau)|Chinese Museum]] in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].<ref>{{cite book|date=1906 |author=Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty |title=Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3 |page=282}}</ref> The Musée de Marine itself was relocated to the [[Palais de Chaillot]] in 1943. The Louvre's extensive collections of [[Asian art]] were moved to the [[Guimet Museum]] in 1945. Nevertheless, the Louvre's first gallery of [[Islamic art]] opened in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Islamic Art – The Cour Visconti |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/an-introduction-to-islamic-art |access-date=17 January 2024 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L15196, Paris, Besuch Gerd v. Rundstedt im Louvre.jpg|thumb|Generalfeldmarschall [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] is seen with a plaster model of the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'',<ref>''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&q=%22the%20venus%20de%20milo%20now%20replaced%20by%20a%20plaster%20model%22 (4 November 1940), p. 39].</ref> while visiting the Louvre with the curator Alfred Merlin on 7 October 1940.]] [[File:Meuble de type borne dans la grande galerie du Louvre.jpg|thumb|Seating designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] in the late 1960s, {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}]] [[File:Salon Carré D201805 2.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}}'s 1972 museography for the [[Salon Carré]], with "dos-à-dos" seat designed in 1967 by [[Pierre Paulin]]]] In the late 1920s, Louvre Director [[Henri Verne]] devised a master plan for the rationalisation of the museum's exhibitions, which was partly implemented in the following decade. In 1932–1934, Louvre architects {{ill|Camille Lefèvre (architect)|lt=Camille Lefèvre|fr|Camille Lefèvre (architecte)}} and Albert Ferran redesigned the [[Escalier Daru]] to its current appearance. The {{lang|fr|Cour du Sphinx}} in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the [[Cour Carrée]], including some of France's first [[period room]] displays. In the late 1930s, The La Caze donation was moved to a remodelled {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}} above the {{lang|fr|salle des Caryatides}}, with reduced height to create more rooms on the second floor and a sober interior design by Albert Ferran.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} During [[World War II]], the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of [[Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II|evacuation of its art collection]]. When Germany occupied the [[Sudetenland]], many important artworks such as the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' were temporarily moved to the [[Château de Chambord]]. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. Select sculptures such as ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'' and the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' were sent to the [[Château de Valençay]].<ref>Alan Riding, ''And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris''. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.</ref> On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and "unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement".<ref>Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.</ref> In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.<ref>Simon,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;177</ref> New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}},<ref name=Bresc/> where the ''Mona Lisa'' was first displayed in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |website=Louvre |author=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Les accrochages de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour |url=https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501030432/https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Around 1950, Louvre architect {{ill|Jean-Jacques Haffner|fr}} streamlined the interior decoration of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}.<ref name=Bresc/> In 1953, a new ceiling by [[Georges Braque]] was inaugurated in the {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}, next to the {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}.<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-27-la-et-louvre-twombly27-2010mar27-story.html |title=Hitting the Louvre ceiling |author=Devorah Lauter |date=27 March 2010}}</ref> In the late 1960s, seats designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] were installed in the {{lang|fr|Grande Galerie|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Elle Decor |title=Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art |author=Rita Salerno |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27734656/pierre-paulin-biography-works/}}</ref> In 1972, the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}}'s museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect {{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}} with assistance from designers {{ill|André Monpoix|fr}}, [[Joseph-André Motte]] and Paulin.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Monde |title=Le "salon Carré", prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie |author=Michel Conil Lacoste |date=9 February 1972 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/02/09/le-salon-carre-prestigieux-vestibule-a-la-grande-galerie_2381391_1819218.html}}</ref> In 1961, the Finance Ministry accepted to leave the [[Pavillon de Flore]] at the southwestern end of the Louvre building, as Verne had recommended in his 1920s plan. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Figaro |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/12/04/26001-20141204ARTFIG00203-1964-le-louvre-sera-le-plus-beau-musee-du-monde.php |title=1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde |author=Pierre Mazars |date=18 November 1964}}</ref> === Grand Louvre === {{Main|Grand Louvre}} In 1981, French President [[François Mitterrand]] proposed, as one of his [[Grands Projets of François Mitterrand|Grands Projets]], the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the [[Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)|Finance Ministry]], until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate [[Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris|Musée des Arts Décoratifs]]) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. In 1984 [[I. M. Pei]], the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a [[Louvre Pyramid|glass pyramid]] in the Louvre's central ''Cour Napoléon''.{{R|Mignot|page=66}} The open spaces surrounding the pyramid were inaugurated on 15 October 1988, and its underground lobby was opened on 30 March 1989. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the [[Cour Carrée]], for which the planning had started before the ''Grand Louvre'', also opened in 1989. Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by [[Italo Rota]], opened on 15 December 1992.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry site, the museum's largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and [[Jean-Michel Wilmotte]]. Further underground spaces known as the [[Carrousel du Louvre]], centred on the [[Louvre Inverted Pyramid|Inverted Pyramid]] and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Other refurbished galleries, of Italian sculptures and Egyptian antiquities, opened in 1994. The third and last main phase of the plan unfolded mainly in 1997, with new renovated rooms in the Sully and Denon wings. A new entrance at the ''porte des Lions'' opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} As of 2002, the Louvre's visitor count had doubled from its pre-Grand-Louvre levels.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_24/b3787627.htm | date=17 June 2002 | title=Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette | work=Business Week Online | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210154237/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-06-16/online-extra-q-and-a-with-the-louvres-henri-loyrette | archive-date=10 December 2013| access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Louvre Courtyard, Looking West.jpg|The Napoleon Courtyard and Ieoh Ming Pei's [[Louvre Pyramid|pyramid]] in its centre, at dusk File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg|The Louvre Palace and the pyramid (by day) </gallery> === 21st century === President [[Jacques Chirac]], who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer {{ill|Jacques Kerchache|fr}}. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]] was installed on the ground floor of the {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}} and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Musée du Quai Branly itself. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the [[Alwaleed Philanthropies|Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation]] and on a design by [[Mario Bellini]] and [[Rudy Ricciotti]].<ref name="Islamic art, covered">Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), [https://www.ft.com/content/ad9c2ff2-f5bf-11e1-bf76-00144feabdc0 Islamic art, covered] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (19 September 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/arts/design/the-louvres-new-islamic-galleries-bring-riches-to-light.html The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2781939|title=Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts|author=Denis Bocquet|journal=Academia.edu|date=20 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2007, German painter [[Anselm Kiefer]] was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the [[Claude Perrault|Perrault]] [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]], ''Athanor''. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of [[Henri Loyrette]], fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, [[Georges Braque|George Braque]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Serafin |first=Amy |date=21 October 2007 |title=The Louvre Now Accepts the Living |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/arts/design/21sera.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010, American painter [[Cy Twombly]] completed a new ceiling for the {{lang|fr|Salle des Bronzes}} (the former {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}), a counterpoint to that of Braque installed in 1953 in the adjacent {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.<ref>{{cite web|website=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit |author=Doreen Carvajal |date=5 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist [[François Morellet]] to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. For ''L'esprit d'escalier'' Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title="L'esprit d'escalier", François Morellet {{!}} Cnap |url=https://www.cnap.fr/lesprit-descalier-francois-morellet |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=www.cnap.fr}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the [[Cour Carrée]]'s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web|website=La Tribune de l'Art |title=La réouverture des salles d'objets d'art du Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI |author=Didier Rykner |date=8 June 2014 |url=https://www.latribunedelart.com/la-reouverture-des-salles-d-objets-d-art-du-louvre-de-louis-xiv-a-louis-xvi-5107-5107-5107}}</ref> In January 2020, under the direction of [[Jean-Luc Martinez]], the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, ''L'Onde du Midi'' by Venezuelan kinetic artist [[Elias Crespin]]. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the [[Louvre Colonnade|Perrault Colonnade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Elias Crespin, l'art de la ligne au Louvre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/elias-crespin-l-art-de-la-ligne-au-louvre-20200120 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage]]. The museum closed after the end of the day on 29 February 2020,<ref>Yan, Holly. [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/europe/france-coronavirus-louvre-closed "Paris' famed Louvre Museum is closed as France deals with at least 100 cases of novel coronavirus"], [[CNN]], 1 March 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and it did not reopen until 6 July.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-museum-reopens-paris-four-month-closing-coronavirus/ "Louvre reopens after four-month closing due to coronavirus"], [[Associated Press]], via [[CBS News]], 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> The museum operated with limited capacity until 29 October, when it was ordered closed again due to an increase in COVID cases in France,<ref>Hickman, Matt. [https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/struggling-museums-lock-down-covid-19-surges-europe/ "Struggling cultural institutions lock down (again) as COVID-19 surges across Europe"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', 30 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and reopened on 19 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makoni |first=Abbianca |date=19 May 2021 |title=Bienvenu! Louvre museum reopens after six month shutdown |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/louvre-reopens-paris-coronavirus-pandemic-france-b935995.html |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> As a result, the museum recorded only 2.7 million visitors in 2020, down from 9.6 million in 2019 and a record 10.2 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020|url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20210108-louvre-museum-visitors-dropped-more-than-70-in-virus-wracked-2020|access-date=13 January 2021|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> In preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]], the Louvre staged an exhibit about the Games' history that links their ancient beginnings to the modern era.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaBarge |first=Emily |date=26 April 2024 |title=At the Louvre, the Olympics Are More French Than You Might Think |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/arts/louvre-olympics-exhibition.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Attendance rose to 8.9 million in 2023, 14 percent above 2022, but still short of the record of 10.2 million in 2018.<ref name="francetvinfo.fr">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/en-2023-le-louvre-a-retrouve-une-frequentation-pre-covid-avec-pres-de-9-millions-de-visiteurs_6280212.html | title=En 2023, le Louvre a retrouvé une fréquentation pré-Covid avec près de 9 millions de visiteurs | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2025, French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced plans for a renovation and expansion of the Louvre, including a room solely for the Mona Lisa. The planned renovation and expansion was a result of the increasing number of visitors each year to the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mona Lisa to get a room of her own in Louvre museum renovation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129135438/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The renovation is set to begin in September 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Masih |first=Niha |date=8 December 2025 |title=First a heist, now a leak. Water damages antique books at the Louvre. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2025/12/08/louvre-leak-water-books-egyptian/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On 16 June 2025, the museum's employees went on strike in protest against chronic issues such as overcrowding, understaffing and "untenable" working conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The world's most-visited museum shuts down, sounding the alarm on overtourism |url=https://apnews.com/article/louvre-museum-paris-closed-lines-delay-2bbf9be4f49de739fd14dd4d908e4d72 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The Louvre in Paris closes unexpectedly as staff protest conditions - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-paris-closed-reopening-unclear/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 October 2025, the Louvre was subjected to [[2025 Louvre robbery|a robbery]] through a forced window in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]]. The museum reported that jewellery had been stolen, and the perpetrators fled by motorbike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre closed due to robbery |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/10/musee-du-louvre-robbery/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Attractions Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> They used a construction platform left by the building to enter a window and leave with their score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Spectaculaire cambriolage au Louvre, des bijoux "inestimables" dérobés |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/spectaculaire-cambriolage-au-louvre-des-bijoux-inestimables-derobes-22f02fcfde8b09ab13c59aed4630ba79 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Boursorama |language=fr}}</ref> The museum was closed for the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Everything we know about the Louvre jewellery heist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> French interior minister [[Laurent Nuñez]] said the robbery involved intruders entering the museum via a basket lift using a platform mounted on a lorry and then cut into the window using what appeared to be angle grinders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Priceless' jewellery stolen from Louvre museum in Paris - as authorities reveal details of daring raid |url=https://news.sky.com/story/louvre-museum-in-paris-closed-after-robbery-13453106 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Nine major pieces of jewellery from the crowns of France were taken in a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Sandrine |last2=J.-M. D. |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre cambriolé : quels sont les bijoux exposés dans la galerie d'Apollon visée par les voleurs ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/musee-du-louvre-cambriole-quels-sont-les-bijoux-exposes-dans-la-galerie-dapollon-visee-par-les-voleurs-19-10-2025-VYY6HZW5FNFAHBMJHD53E3UKTI.php |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Eight pieces were stolen, including an emerald necklace that belonged to [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Empress Marie-Louise]] and three jewels that belonged to queens [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Marie-Amelie]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schechner |first=Sam |date=19 October 2025 |title=Brazen Heist at Louvre Museum Snatches Priceless Royal Jewels |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/seven-minute-heist-at-louvre-leaves-museum-missing-priceless-jewels-2b4b586e |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The ninth item, the [[Crown of Empress Eugénie]], was recovered the same day in a street close to the Louvre but in a damaged condition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biétry-Rivierre |first=Eric |date=19 October 2025 |title=1354 diamants, 56 émeraudes : la couronne de l'impératrice Eugénie, un trésor acquis par l'État en 1988 |trans-title=1354 diamonds, 56 emeralds: the crown of Empress Eugenie, a treasure acquired by the State in 1988 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/1354-diamants-56-emeraudes-la-couronne-de-l-imperatrice-eugenie-un-tresor-acquis-par-l-etat-en-1988-20251019 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> On 25 October, two of the suspected thieves were arrested, one was trying to fly to Algeria from Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |title=Two arrested over theft of jewels at Louvre museum in Paris |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2025|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026115154/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |archive-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>On 29 October, the prosecutor in charge said that they had "partially admitted" to their involvement in the heist. She added that the jewels were yet to be recovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |title=Louvre heist suspects 'partially admit' involvement, stolen jewels still missing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/detained-louvre-heist-suspects-have-partially-recognised-involvement-prosecutor-2025-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>On the same day, five additional suspects were arrested, but only one of them was allegedly part of the four-man heist team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five new suspects arrested over Louvre jewellery theft|date=30 October 2025|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030172208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-date=30 October 2025|work=BBC|access-date=30 October 2025|last=Armstrong|first=Kathryn}}</ref> On 30 October, police arrested five more suspects, but there was still no sign of the stolen jewels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |date=30 October 2025 |title=French police hunting stolen Louvre jewels arrest more suspects |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/third-suspect-arrested-over-louvre-heist-french-tv-reports-2025-10-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> In late November, a water line burst, and damaged between 300 and 400 books and journals, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" captionstyle="font-size: small;"> File:Pavillon des Sessions 01.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}}'s display of non-Western art from the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]], opened in 2000 File:Cour Visconti (Louvre) D201512a.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}'s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic Art Department in 2012 File:Les arts de l'Islam au Louvre (8055981963).jpg|Islamic art display in the covered {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}, 2012 File:Louvre, dipartimento di arte islamica, 01.JPG|Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 </gallery> == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] pu8hupsko97hhvwj74l3lkwxrtj5a1q 375611 375610 2026-05-03T08:39:48Z Ibne maryam 17680 375611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]]، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== ==تاريخ== ===ميوزيم بڻائڻ کان اڳ=== [[File:Donjon chateau louvre.JPG|thumb|Below-ground portions of the medieval Louvre are still visible.<ref name=Mignot>{{cite book| author=Claude Mignot |title=The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor's Guide to 500 Works |publisher=Abbeville Press |location=New York |isbn=0-7892-0578-5 |year=1999 |oclc=40762767 |url=https://archive.org/details/pocketlouvrevisi00mign}}</ref>{{rp|32}}]] {{Main|Louvre Palace}} The Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by [[Philip II of France|King Philip II]] in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the west, as the [[Kingdom of England]] still held [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] at the time. Remnants of the [[Medieval Louvre]] are still visible in the crypt. Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.<ref name="Edwards" /> The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. According to the authoritative ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique]]'', the name derives from an association with a [[wolf hunting]] den (via Latin: ''lupus'', lower Empire: ''lupara'').<ref name="Edwards">Edwards,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;193–94</ref><ref>In Larousse ''Nouveau Dictionnaire étymologique et historique'', Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***'''loup''' 1080, Roland (''leu'', forme conservée dans ''à la queue leu leu'', ''Saint Leu'', etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word ''louvre'' is from ''lupara'', feminine (pop. Latin) form of ''lupus''.</ref> In the 7th century, [[Burgundofara]] (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have given part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,<ref>In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, ''Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l'abbé Lebeuf'', Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: "Louvre".</ref> even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. However, linguistically it would be sounder to derive the word from the French verb ''louer'' (to let, rent), with the Old French noun-building suffix ''-re'' appended (like in ''oeuvre'', ''genre'', ''ogre'', ''bougre'' etc.), signifying something which is let or rented. According to DuCange's medieval Latin glossary, ''louvagium'' in medieval France was a kind of fee or rent paid for the use of something. The Louvre Palace has been subject to numerous renovations since its construction. In the 14th&nbsp;century, [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] converted the building from its military role into a residence. In 1546, [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] started its rebuilding in [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Edwards198">Edwards,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;198</ref> After Louis XIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.<ref name="Edwards198" />{{R|Mignot|page=42}}<ref>Nore,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;274</ref> For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O185910/design-for-a-boulle-jean-philippe/ |date=21 July 2019 |publisher=V&A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death of André-Charles Boulle |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0 |date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |publisher=Khanacademy |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the [[House of France]]. At the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]''. The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodelled Petite Galerie. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from [[Siam]] in 1686.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert W. Berger |date=1999 |title=Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |pages=83–86}}</ref> By the mid-18th&nbsp;century there were proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. Art critic [[Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne]] in 1747 published a call for a display of the royal collection. On 14 October 1750, [[Louis XV]] decided on a display of 96 pieces from the royal collection, mounted in the Galerie royale de peinture of the [[Luxembourg Palace]]. A hall was opened by [[Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem|Le Normant de Tournehem]] and the [[Abel François Poisson|Marquis de Marigny]] for public viewing of the "king's paintings" (''Tableaux du Roy'') on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Luxembourg gallery included [[Andrea del Sarto]]'s ''Charity'' and works by [[Raphael]]; [[Titian]]; [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]; [[Rembrandt]]; [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussin]] or [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]]. It closed in 1780 as a result of the royal gift of the Luxembourg palace to the Count of Provence (the future king, [[Louis XVIII]]) by the king in 1778.<ref name="Nora 278" /> Under [[Louis XVI]], the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition.<ref name="Carb 56">Carbonell, p.&nbsp;56</ref> The [[Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller|comte d'Angiviller]] broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} of the Louvre – which at that time contained the ''[[Musée des Plans-Reliefs|plans-reliefs]]'' or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the "French Museum". Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre's renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them. Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.<ref name="Nora 278" /> {{clear}} === Revolutionary opening === The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution. In May 1791, the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts".<ref name="Nora 278"/> On 10 August 1792, [[Louis XVI]] was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation urgent. In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display.<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;21–22</ref> [[File:Amor-Psyche-Canova-JBU02.JPG|thumb|right|[[Antonio Canova]]'s ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' was commissioned in 1787 and donated in 1824.<ref name="French">{{Cite web |title=French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova |url=http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |last1=Monaghan |first1=Sean M. |last2=Rodgers, Michael |year=2000 |website=19th Century Paris Project |publisher=School of Art and Design, San Jose State University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420173109/http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 |access-date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>]] The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as ''Muséum central des Arts de la République''. The public was given free access on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated".<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;35</ref> The collection showcased 537&nbsp;paintings and 184&nbsp;objects of art. Three-quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated [[émigrés]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] property (''[[biens nationaux]]'').<ref name="Alex 24" />{{R|Mignot|page=68-69}} To expand and organise the collection, the Republic dedicated 100,000&nbsp;[[Livre tournois|livres]] per year.<ref name="Nora 278">Nora,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;278</ref> In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the [[Treaty of Tolentino]] (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the ''[[Laocoön and His Sons|Laocoön]]'' and ''[[Apollo Belvedere]]'', to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".<ref name="Alex 24" /><ref>McClellan,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;7</ref> [[Bertrand Clauzel]] then chief of staff to [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], serving in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]], negotiated the [[abdication]] of the [[Charles Emmanuel IV|King of Sardinia]] in December 1798 from his mainland territories. To secure the agreement Clauzel returned with [[the Woman with Dropsy]], a painting by the Dutch master [[Gerrit Dou|Gerard Dou]]. Clauzel would donate it to the Louvre, making it the first donation in the museum's history.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=4 September 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Botta|first=Carlo|title=Storie d'Italia dall'anno 1789 all'anno 1814, Volume Terzo|publisher=Giovani Silvestri|year=1844|location=Milan|pages=298–299|language=It|trans-title=Stories of Italy from 1789 to 1814, Volume Three}}</ref><ref>Louvre collection, catalogue - {{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=22 November 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref> The early days were hectic. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabelled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling".<ref name="Alex 24">Alderson,&nbsp; pp. 24,&nbsp;25</ref> The museum closed in May 1796 due to structural deficiencies. It reopened on [[Bastille Day|14 July]] 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns.<ref name="Alex 24" /> On 15 August 1797, the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] was opened with an exhibition of drawings. Meanwhile, the Louvre's Gallery of Antiquity sculpture (''musée des Antiques''), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in [[Anne of Austria]]'s former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. === {{anchor|Musée Napoléon|Napoleon I}}Napoleonic era === {{see also|Napoleonic looting of art}} On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed [[Vivant Denon]], a scholar and polymath who had participated in the [[French Invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]] of 1798–1801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] and architects [[Léon Dufourny]] or [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]].<ref>{{citation|journal=Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre |volume=55 |date=Summer 2021 |author=Vivien Richard |title=Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon |page=74}}</ref> On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed ''Musée Napoléon''.<ref name=GBB>{{cite book|author=Geneviève Bresc |title=Mémoires du Louvre |publisher=Gallimard |date=1989 |location=Paris}}</ref>{{rp|79}} The collection grew through successful military campaigns.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} Acquisitions were made of Spanish, Austrian, Dutch, and Italian works, either as the result of [[war looting]] or formalised by treaties such as the [[Treaty of Tolentino]].<ref name="Alderson 25" /> At the end of Napoleon's First Italian Campaign in 1797, the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] was signed with [[Count Philipp von Cobenzl]] of the [[Austrian Monarchy]]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.<ref name="Plant, p. 36">Plant, p. 36</ref> The [[Horses of Saint Mark]], which had adorned the basilica of San Marco in Venice after the sack of [[Constantinople]] in 1204, were brought to Paris where they were placed atop Napoleon's [[Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel]] in 1797.<ref name="Plant, p. 36" /> Under the Treaty of Tolentino, the two statues of the Nile and Tiber were taken to Paris from the Vatican in 1797, and were both kept in the Louvre until 1815. (The Nile was later returned to Rome,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swetnam-Burland |first=Molly |date=2009 |title=Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=113 |issue=3 |page=440 |doi=10.3764/aja.113.3.439 |jstor=20627596|s2cid=191377908 }}</ref> whereas the Tiber has remained in the Louvre to this day.) The despoilment of Italian churches and palaces outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities.<ref>Popkin, p. 88</ref> After the French defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the looted works' former owners sought their return. The Louvre's administrator, Denon, was loath to comply in absence of a treaty of restitution. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all.<ref name="Alderson 25">Alderson,&nbsp;p. 25</ref>{{R|Mignot|page=69}}<ref>For example, [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]]'s ''Calvary'', [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana'', and Rogier van der Weyden's ''Annunciation'' were not returned.</ref> In 1815 [[Louis XVIII]] finally concluded agreements with the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paolo Veronese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59chAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA741 |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |year = 1867|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith |issue=December 1867 |page=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Christopher M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYponZ9FFGIC&pg=PA190 |title=Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0520212015 |page=190}}</ref> for the keeping of works such as Veronese's ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' which was exchanged for a large [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] or the repurchase of the [[Alessandro Albani|Albani]] collection. {{clear}} === From 1815 to 1852 === [[File:MG-Paris-Aphrodite of Milos edited.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' was added to the Louvre's collection during the reign of [[Louis XVIII]].]] For most of the 19th century, from [[Napoleon]]'s time to the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch's [[civil list]] and thus depended much on the ruler's personal involvement. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("{{lang|fr|les musées du Louvre}}") rather than singular.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marcy |first1=Pierre |title=Guide populaire dans les Musées du Louvre |date=1867 |publisher=Librairie du Petit Journal |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGcEAAAAYAAJ |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830), [[Louis XVIII]] and [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] added to the collections. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the [[Cour Carrée]] was completed on designs by [[Percier and Fontaine]]. In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée's southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.{{R|GBB|page=87}} Charles X in 1826 created the {{lang|fr|Musée Égyptien}} and in 1827 included it in his broader {{lang|fr|Musée Charles X}}, a new section of the museum complex located in a suite of lavishly decorated rooms on the first floor of the South Wing of the Cour Carrée. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by [[Jean-François Champollion]], formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's [[Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre|Department of Egyptian Antiquities]]. It was formed from the purchased collections of [[Edmé-Antoine Durand]], [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]] and the second collection of [[Bernardino Drovetti]] (the first one having been purchased by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] to form the core of the present [[Museo Egizio]] in [[Turin]]). The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the {{lang|fr|Galerie d'Angoulême}}, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the Cour Carrée, many of whose artifacts came from the [[Palace of Versailles]] and from Alexandre Lenoir's [[Musée des Monuments français (1795-1816)|Musée des Monuments Français]] following its closure in 1816. Meanwhile, the [[French Navy]] created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named {{lang|fr|musée dauphin}} in honour of [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Dauphin Louis Antoine]],<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_130_4_1468 |book-title=Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005 |title=Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie ? |author=Geneviève Lacambre |location=Paris |publisher=Editions du CTHS |date=2008 |pages=94–109 }}</ref> building on an 18th-century initiative of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]]. This collection, renamed {{lang|fr|musée naval}} in 1833 and later to develop into the [[Musée national de la Marine]], was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor [[attic]], where it remained for more than a century.<ref name=Marine>{{citation|journal=Artefact |title=Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ? |author=Géraldine Barron |date=April 2021|volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=143–162 |doi=10.4000/artefact.695 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Rooms of the Musée Charles X"> File:Dernière salle des antiquités égyptiennes (Louvre).jpg|First room File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 27 and others.jpg|Room&nbsp;27 File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 29 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;29 File:Salles des colonnes du Louvre, vue vers l'ouest.jpg|Salle des Colonnes File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 35 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;35 File:Room 36 of the Greek antiquities in the Louvre.jpg|Room&nbsp;36 File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 38 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;38 </gallery> {{multiple image|align=right |total_width=350|image1=Salon Carré Ceiling.jpg |image2=Palais du Louvre - Salle des Sept-Cheminées -1.JPG |footer=Ceiling decorations designed by [[Félix Duban]] in the [[Salon Carré]] (left) and {{lang|fr|Salle des Sept-Cheminées}} (right), late 1840s}} [[File:Giuseppe Castiglione - View of the Grand Salon Carré in the Louvre - WGA4552.jpg|thumb|300px|The display in the [[Salon Carré]], painted by [[Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)|Giuseppe Castiglione]] in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' is visible on the left, and his ''Supper in the House of Simon'' (now at the [[Palace of Versailles]]) is on the right.]] Following the [[July Revolution]], [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe]] focused his interest on the repurposing of the [[Palace of Versailles]] into a [[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Museum of French History]] conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the {{lang|fr|musée assyrien}} to host the monumental [[Assyrian sculpture]] works brought to Paris by [[Paul-Émile Botta]], in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847.<ref>{{cite web|website=Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad |title=The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre |url=https://archeologie.culture.fr/khorsabad/en/opening-assyrian-museum-louvre}}</ref> Separately, Louis-Philippe had his [[Spanish gallery]] displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's East ([[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]]) Wing,<ref>{{citation|title=La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838–1848 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371348d.texteImage |author1=Jeannine Baticle |author2=Cristina Marinas |publisher=Réunion des musées nationaux |location=Paris |date=1981}}</ref> but the collection remained his personal property. As a consequence, the works were removed after Louis-Philippe was deposed in 1848, and were eventually auctioned away in 1853. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] had more ambitions for the Louvre. It initiated repair work, the completion of the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] and of the {{lang|fr|salle des sept-cheminées}}, and the overhaul of the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}} (former site of the iconic yearly [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]]) and of the Grande Galerie.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée's attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,<ref name=Marine/> a change which was again reversed in 1920. In 1850 under the leadership of curator [[Adrien Prévost de Longpérier|Adrien de Longpérier]], the [[musée mexicain]] opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to [[pre-Columbian art]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 56 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/the-metropolitan-museum-journal-volume-56-2021 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> === Second Empire === {{Main|Napoleon III's Louvre expansion}} The rule of [[Napoleon III]] was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the museum. In 1852, he created the [[Musée des Souverains]] in the [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade Wing]], an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. In 1861, he bought 11,835&nbsp;artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the [[Campana collection]]. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named {{lang|fr|Musée Napoléon III}}, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. Between 1852 and 1870, the museum added 20,000&nbsp;new artefacts to its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Louvre? {{!}} Hobble Creek |url=https://hobblecreek.us/blog/entry/what-is-the-louvre |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=hobblecreek.us}}</ref> The main change of that period was to the building itself. In the 1850s architects [[Louis Visconti]] and [[Hector Lefuel]] created massive new spaces around what is now called the [[Cour Napoléon]], some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum.{{R|Mignot|page=52-54}} In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the {{lang|fr|pavillon des Sessions}} with a new {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}} closer to Napoleon III's residence in the [[Tuileries Palace]], with the effect of shortening the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} by about a third of its previous length. A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the {{lang|fr|salle des Empereurs}} below the [[Salon carré]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed"> File:Musée Napoléon III.jpg|Entrance to a section of the ''Musée Napoléon&nbsp;III'' from the ''salle des séances'', then a double-height space File:Galerie Daru - Musée du Louvre.jpg|''Galerie Daru'', part of the New Louvre building program under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Paris - Musée du Louvre (30612872064).jpg|''Salle Daru'' above the ''galerie Daru'', also created under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Escalier Mollien in 2010 (1).jpg|''Escalier Mollien'' in the New Louvre File:P1080712 Louvre salle romaine rwk.JPG|''Salle des Empereurs'' </gallery> {{clear}} === From 1870 to 1981 === [[File:Plaques honoring the defenders of the Louvre in May 1871.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaques honouring the Louvre's defenders in May 1871]] The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the [[Paris Commune]]. On 23 May 1871, as the French Army advanced into Paris, a force of ''Communards'' led by {{ill|Jules Bergeret|fr}} set fire to the adjoining [[Tuileries Palace]]. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the Tuileries and spreading to the north west wing of the museum next to it. The emperor's Louvre library (''Bibliothèque du Louvre'') and some of the adjoining halls, in what is now the Richelieu Wing, were separately destroyed. But the museum was saved by the efforts of Paris firemen and museum employees led by curator [[Henry Barbet de Jouy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=René Heron de Villefosse |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset |date=1959}}</ref> Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. The Salle du Manège was transferred to the museum in 1879, and in 1928 became its main entrance lobby.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Point |date=16 May 2015 |author1=Frédéric Lewino |author2=Anne-Sophie Jahn |title=Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour des Écuries |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/visite-interdite-du-louvre-4-la-magnifique-rampe-en-fer-a-cheval-de-la-cour-des-ecuries-16-05-2015-1928803_3.php}}</ref> The large Salle des Etats that had been created by Lefuel between the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} and Pavillon Denon was redecorated in 1886 by {{ill|Edmond Guillaume|fr}}, Lefuel's successor as architect of the Louvre, and opened as a spacious exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|website=INHA Institut national d'histoire de l'art |title=Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris) |url=https://www.inha.fr/fr/ressources/publications/publications-numeriques/dictionnaire-critique-des-historiens-de-l-art/guillaume-edmond.html |date=9 February 2010 |author=Olivia Tolede}}</ref><ref name=Bresc>{{cite book |author=Geneviève Bresc-Bautier |title=The Louvre, a Tale of a Palace |date=2008 |publisher=Louvre éditions |location=Paris |url=http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306033021/http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the [[Cour Carrée]], on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting by [[Carolus-Duran]], ''The Triumph of [[Marie de' Medici]]'' originally created in 1879 for the [[Luxembourg Palace]].<ref name=Bresc/> [[File:Daru staircase Louvre 2007 05 13.jpg|thumb|The Louvre's monumental [[Escalier Daru]], topped by the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', took its current appearance in the early 1930s.]] Meanwhile, during the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The 583-item {{lang|fr|Collection La Caze}}, donated in 1869 by [[Louis La Caze]], included works by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]; [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Jean-Antoine Watteau|Watteau]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} In 1883, the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the [[Escalier Daru]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} Major artefacts excavated at [[Susa]] in Iran, including the massive ''Apadana capital'' and glazed brick decoration from the [[Palace of Darius in Susa|Palace of Darius]] there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. The [[Société des amis du Louvre]] was established in 1897 and donated prominent works, such as the ''[[Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]]''. The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as [[Georges de La Tour]]'s ''Saint Thomas'' and [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]]'s 1935 donation of 4,000&nbsp;prints, 3,000&nbsp;drawings, and 500&nbsp;illustrated books. From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern art, covering a space ranging from [[Iran]] to the Atlantic. The collections of the Louvre's [[musée mexicain]] were transferred to the [[Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro]] in 1887. As the {{lang|fr|[[Musée national de la Marine|Musée de Marine]]}} was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor [[attic]] of the northern half of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the [[National Archaeological Museum, France|National Antiquities Museum]] in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], and the [[Chinese Museum (Fontainebleau)|Chinese Museum]] in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].<ref>{{cite book|date=1906 |author=Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty |title=Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3 |page=282}}</ref> The Musée de Marine itself was relocated to the [[Palais de Chaillot]] in 1943. The Louvre's extensive collections of [[Asian art]] were moved to the [[Guimet Museum]] in 1945. Nevertheless, the Louvre's first gallery of [[Islamic art]] opened in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Islamic Art – The Cour Visconti |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/an-introduction-to-islamic-art |access-date=17 January 2024 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L15196, Paris, Besuch Gerd v. Rundstedt im Louvre.jpg|thumb|Generalfeldmarschall [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] is seen with a plaster model of the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'',<ref>''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&q=%22the%20venus%20de%20milo%20now%20replaced%20by%20a%20plaster%20model%22 (4 November 1940), p. 39].</ref> while visiting the Louvre with the curator Alfred Merlin on 7 October 1940.]] [[File:Meuble de type borne dans la grande galerie du Louvre.jpg|thumb|Seating designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] in the late 1960s, {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}]] [[File:Salon Carré D201805 2.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}}'s 1972 museography for the [[Salon Carré]], with "dos-à-dos" seat designed in 1967 by [[Pierre Paulin]]]] In the late 1920s, Louvre Director [[Henri Verne]] devised a master plan for the rationalisation of the museum's exhibitions, which was partly implemented in the following decade. In 1932–1934, Louvre architects {{ill|Camille Lefèvre (architect)|lt=Camille Lefèvre|fr|Camille Lefèvre (architecte)}} and Albert Ferran redesigned the [[Escalier Daru]] to its current appearance. The {{lang|fr|Cour du Sphinx}} in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the [[Cour Carrée]], including some of France's first [[period room]] displays. In the late 1930s, The La Caze donation was moved to a remodelled {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}} above the {{lang|fr|salle des Caryatides}}, with reduced height to create more rooms on the second floor and a sober interior design by Albert Ferran.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} During [[World War II]], the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of [[Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II|evacuation of its art collection]]. When Germany occupied the [[Sudetenland]], many important artworks such as the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' were temporarily moved to the [[Château de Chambord]]. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. Select sculptures such as ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'' and the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' were sent to the [[Château de Valençay]].<ref>Alan Riding, ''And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris''. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.</ref> On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and "unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement".<ref>Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.</ref> In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.<ref>Simon,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;177</ref> New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}},<ref name=Bresc/> where the ''Mona Lisa'' was first displayed in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |website=Louvre |author=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Les accrochages de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour |url=https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501030432/https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Around 1950, Louvre architect {{ill|Jean-Jacques Haffner|fr}} streamlined the interior decoration of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}.<ref name=Bresc/> In 1953, a new ceiling by [[Georges Braque]] was inaugurated in the {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}, next to the {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}.<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-27-la-et-louvre-twombly27-2010mar27-story.html |title=Hitting the Louvre ceiling |author=Devorah Lauter |date=27 March 2010}}</ref> In the late 1960s, seats designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] were installed in the {{lang|fr|Grande Galerie|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Elle Decor |title=Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art |author=Rita Salerno |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27734656/pierre-paulin-biography-works/}}</ref> In 1972, the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}}'s museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect {{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}} with assistance from designers {{ill|André Monpoix|fr}}, [[Joseph-André Motte]] and Paulin.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Monde |title=Le "salon Carré", prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie |author=Michel Conil Lacoste |date=9 February 1972 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/02/09/le-salon-carre-prestigieux-vestibule-a-la-grande-galerie_2381391_1819218.html}}</ref> In 1961, the Finance Ministry accepted to leave the [[Pavillon de Flore]] at the southwestern end of the Louvre building, as Verne had recommended in his 1920s plan. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Figaro |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/12/04/26001-20141204ARTFIG00203-1964-le-louvre-sera-le-plus-beau-musee-du-monde.php |title=1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde |author=Pierre Mazars |date=18 November 1964}}</ref> === Grand Louvre === {{Main|Grand Louvre}} In 1981, French President [[François Mitterrand]] proposed, as one of his [[Grands Projets of François Mitterrand|Grands Projets]], the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the [[Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)|Finance Ministry]], until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate [[Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris|Musée des Arts Décoratifs]]) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. In 1984 [[I. M. Pei]], the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a [[Louvre Pyramid|glass pyramid]] in the Louvre's central ''Cour Napoléon''.{{R|Mignot|page=66}} The open spaces surrounding the pyramid were inaugurated on 15 October 1988, and its underground lobby was opened on 30 March 1989. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the [[Cour Carrée]], for which the planning had started before the ''Grand Louvre'', also opened in 1989. Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by [[Italo Rota]], opened on 15 December 1992.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry site, the museum's largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and [[Jean-Michel Wilmotte]]. Further underground spaces known as the [[Carrousel du Louvre]], centred on the [[Louvre Inverted Pyramid|Inverted Pyramid]] and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Other refurbished galleries, of Italian sculptures and Egyptian antiquities, opened in 1994. The third and last main phase of the plan unfolded mainly in 1997, with new renovated rooms in the Sully and Denon wings. A new entrance at the ''porte des Lions'' opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} As of 2002, the Louvre's visitor count had doubled from its pre-Grand-Louvre levels.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_24/b3787627.htm | date=17 June 2002 | title=Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette | work=Business Week Online | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210154237/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-06-16/online-extra-q-and-a-with-the-louvres-henri-loyrette | archive-date=10 December 2013| access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Louvre Courtyard, Looking West.jpg|The Napoleon Courtyard and Ieoh Ming Pei's [[Louvre Pyramid|pyramid]] in its centre, at dusk File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg|The Louvre Palace and the pyramid (by day) </gallery> === 21st century === President [[Jacques Chirac]], who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer {{ill|Jacques Kerchache|fr}}. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]] was installed on the ground floor of the {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}} and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Musée du Quai Branly itself. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the [[Alwaleed Philanthropies|Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation]] and on a design by [[Mario Bellini]] and [[Rudy Ricciotti]].<ref name="Islamic art, covered">Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), [https://www.ft.com/content/ad9c2ff2-f5bf-11e1-bf76-00144feabdc0 Islamic art, covered] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (19 September 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/arts/design/the-louvres-new-islamic-galleries-bring-riches-to-light.html The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2781939|title=Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts|author=Denis Bocquet|journal=Academia.edu|date=20 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2007, German painter [[Anselm Kiefer]] was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the [[Claude Perrault|Perrault]] [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]], ''Athanor''. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of [[Henri Loyrette]], fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, [[Georges Braque|George Braque]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Serafin |first=Amy |date=21 October 2007 |title=The Louvre Now Accepts the Living |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/arts/design/21sera.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010, American painter [[Cy Twombly]] completed a new ceiling for the {{lang|fr|Salle des Bronzes}} (the former {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}), a counterpoint to that of Braque installed in 1953 in the adjacent {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.<ref>{{cite web|website=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit |author=Doreen Carvajal |date=5 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist [[François Morellet]] to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. For ''L'esprit d'escalier'' Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title="L'esprit d'escalier", François Morellet {{!}} Cnap |url=https://www.cnap.fr/lesprit-descalier-francois-morellet |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=www.cnap.fr}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the [[Cour Carrée]]'s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web|website=La Tribune de l'Art |title=La réouverture des salles d'objets d'art du Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI |author=Didier Rykner |date=8 June 2014 |url=https://www.latribunedelart.com/la-reouverture-des-salles-d-objets-d-art-du-louvre-de-louis-xiv-a-louis-xvi-5107-5107-5107}}</ref> In January 2020, under the direction of [[Jean-Luc Martinez]], the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, ''L'Onde du Midi'' by Venezuelan kinetic artist [[Elias Crespin]]. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the [[Louvre Colonnade|Perrault Colonnade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Elias Crespin, l'art de la ligne au Louvre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/elias-crespin-l-art-de-la-ligne-au-louvre-20200120 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage]]. The museum closed after the end of the day on 29 February 2020,<ref>Yan, Holly. [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/europe/france-coronavirus-louvre-closed "Paris' famed Louvre Museum is closed as France deals with at least 100 cases of novel coronavirus"], [[CNN]], 1 March 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and it did not reopen until 6 July.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-museum-reopens-paris-four-month-closing-coronavirus/ "Louvre reopens after four-month closing due to coronavirus"], [[Associated Press]], via [[CBS News]], 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> The museum operated with limited capacity until 29 October, when it was ordered closed again due to an increase in COVID cases in France,<ref>Hickman, Matt. [https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/struggling-museums-lock-down-covid-19-surges-europe/ "Struggling cultural institutions lock down (again) as COVID-19 surges across Europe"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', 30 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and reopened on 19 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makoni |first=Abbianca |date=19 May 2021 |title=Bienvenu! Louvre museum reopens after six month shutdown |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/louvre-reopens-paris-coronavirus-pandemic-france-b935995.html |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> As a result, the museum recorded only 2.7 million visitors in 2020, down from 9.6 million in 2019 and a record 10.2 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020|url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20210108-louvre-museum-visitors-dropped-more-than-70-in-virus-wracked-2020|access-date=13 January 2021|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> In preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]], the Louvre staged an exhibit about the Games' history that links their ancient beginnings to the modern era.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaBarge |first=Emily |date=26 April 2024 |title=At the Louvre, the Olympics Are More French Than You Might Think |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/arts/louvre-olympics-exhibition.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Attendance rose to 8.9 million in 2023, 14 percent above 2022, but still short of the record of 10.2 million in 2018.<ref name="francetvinfo.fr">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/en-2023-le-louvre-a-retrouve-une-frequentation-pre-covid-avec-pres-de-9-millions-de-visiteurs_6280212.html | title=En 2023, le Louvre a retrouvé une fréquentation pré-Covid avec près de 9 millions de visiteurs | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2025, French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced plans for a renovation and expansion of the Louvre, including a room solely for the Mona Lisa. The planned renovation and expansion was a result of the increasing number of visitors each year to the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mona Lisa to get a room of her own in Louvre museum renovation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129135438/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The renovation is set to begin in September 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Masih |first=Niha |date=8 December 2025 |title=First a heist, now a leak. Water damages antique books at the Louvre. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2025/12/08/louvre-leak-water-books-egyptian/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On 16 June 2025, the museum's employees went on strike in protest against chronic issues such as overcrowding, understaffing and "untenable" working conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The world's most-visited museum shuts down, sounding the alarm on overtourism |url=https://apnews.com/article/louvre-museum-paris-closed-lines-delay-2bbf9be4f49de739fd14dd4d908e4d72 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The Louvre in Paris closes unexpectedly as staff protest conditions - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-paris-closed-reopening-unclear/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 October 2025, the Louvre was subjected to [[2025 Louvre robbery|a robbery]] through a forced window in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]]. The museum reported that jewellery had been stolen, and the perpetrators fled by motorbike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre closed due to robbery |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/10/musee-du-louvre-robbery/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Attractions Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> They used a construction platform left by the building to enter a window and leave with their score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Spectaculaire cambriolage au Louvre, des bijoux "inestimables" dérobés |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/spectaculaire-cambriolage-au-louvre-des-bijoux-inestimables-derobes-22f02fcfde8b09ab13c59aed4630ba79 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Boursorama |language=fr}}</ref> The museum was closed for the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Everything we know about the Louvre jewellery heist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> French interior minister [[Laurent Nuñez]] said the robbery involved intruders entering the museum via a basket lift using a platform mounted on a lorry and then cut into the window using what appeared to be angle grinders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Priceless' jewellery stolen from Louvre museum in Paris - as authorities reveal details of daring raid |url=https://news.sky.com/story/louvre-museum-in-paris-closed-after-robbery-13453106 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Nine major pieces of jewellery from the crowns of France were taken in a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Sandrine |last2=J.-M. D. |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre cambriolé : quels sont les bijoux exposés dans la galerie d'Apollon visée par les voleurs ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/musee-du-louvre-cambriole-quels-sont-les-bijoux-exposes-dans-la-galerie-dapollon-visee-par-les-voleurs-19-10-2025-VYY6HZW5FNFAHBMJHD53E3UKTI.php |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Eight pieces were stolen, including an emerald necklace that belonged to [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Empress Marie-Louise]] and three jewels that belonged to queens [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Marie-Amelie]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schechner |first=Sam |date=19 October 2025 |title=Brazen Heist at Louvre Museum Snatches Priceless Royal Jewels |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/seven-minute-heist-at-louvre-leaves-museum-missing-priceless-jewels-2b4b586e |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The ninth item, the [[Crown of Empress Eugénie]], was recovered the same day in a street close to the Louvre but in a damaged condition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biétry-Rivierre |first=Eric |date=19 October 2025 |title=1354 diamants, 56 émeraudes : la couronne de l'impératrice Eugénie, un trésor acquis par l'État en 1988 |trans-title=1354 diamonds, 56 emeralds: the crown of Empress Eugenie, a treasure acquired by the State in 1988 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/1354-diamants-56-emeraudes-la-couronne-de-l-imperatrice-eugenie-un-tresor-acquis-par-l-etat-en-1988-20251019 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> On 25 October, two of the suspected thieves were arrested, one was trying to fly to Algeria from Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |title=Two arrested over theft of jewels at Louvre museum in Paris |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2025|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026115154/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |archive-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>On 29 October, the prosecutor in charge said that they had "partially admitted" to their involvement in the heist. She added that the jewels were yet to be recovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |title=Louvre heist suspects 'partially admit' involvement, stolen jewels still missing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/detained-louvre-heist-suspects-have-partially-recognised-involvement-prosecutor-2025-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>On the same day, five additional suspects were arrested, but only one of them was allegedly part of the four-man heist team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five new suspects arrested over Louvre jewellery theft|date=30 October 2025|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030172208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-date=30 October 2025|work=BBC|access-date=30 October 2025|last=Armstrong|first=Kathryn}}</ref> On 30 October, police arrested five more suspects, but there was still no sign of the stolen jewels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |date=30 October 2025 |title=French police hunting stolen Louvre jewels arrest more suspects |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/third-suspect-arrested-over-louvre-heist-french-tv-reports-2025-10-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> In late November, a water line burst, and damaged between 300 and 400 books and journals, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" captionstyle="font-size: small;"> File:Pavillon des Sessions 01.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}}'s display of non-Western art from the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]], opened in 2000 File:Cour Visconti (Louvre) D201512a.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}'s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic Art Department in 2012 File:Les arts de l'Islam au Louvre (8055981963).jpg|Islamic art display in the covered {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}, 2012 File:Louvre, dipartimento di arte islamica, 01.JPG|Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 </gallery> == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] ikwbxeycneg4asgbtplydp1ejx73ehp 375612 375611 2026-05-03T08:56:00Z Ibne maryam 17680 375612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]]، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== ==تاريخ== ===ميوزيم بڻائڻ کان اڳ=== [[File:Donjon chateau louvre.JPG|thumb|وچئين دور جي لوور جا زير زمين حصا اڃا تائين نظر اچن ٿا.<ref name="Mignot">{{cite book| author=Claude Mignot |title=The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor's Guide to 500 Works |publisher=Abbeville Press |location=New York |isbn=0-7892-0578-5 |year=1999 |oclc=40762767 |url=https://archive.org/details/pocketlouvrevisi00mign}}</ref>]] {{Main|لوور محل}} لوور محل، جيڪو هاڻ ميوزيم آهي، 12 هين صدي جي آخر ۾، شهر کي اولهه کان حملي کان بچائڻ لاءِ، بادشاهه فلپ II پاران تعمير ڪرايو ويو هو، ڇاڪاڻ ته فرانس جي اولهائين علائقو، نارمنڊي اڃا تائين انگلينڊ جي بادشاهت جي قبضي هيٺ هو. وچئين دور جي لوور جا باقيات اڃا تائين تهه خاني ۾ نظر اچن ٿا، پر اها ته هي ان جڳهه تي پهرين عمارت هئي؟ اهو معلوم ناهي ۽ اهو ممڪن آهي ته فلپ هڪ اڳيان کان موجود ٽاور کي تبديل ڪيو هجي. "لوور" نالي جي شروعات ڪجهه حد تائين تڪراري آهي. مستند گرينڊ لاروس انسائيڪلوپيڊيا جي مطابق. نالو هڪ بگھڙ جي شڪار جي ڊين سان تعلق مان نڪتل آهي (لاطيني ذريعي: lupus، هيٺين سلطنت: lupara). 7 صدي ۾. برگنڊوفارا (جنهن کي ميوڪس ۾ سينٽ فيئر ايبس پڻ سڏيو ويندو آهي) چيو ويندو آهي ته هن پنهنجي "پيرس جي علائقي ۾ واقع لوورا نالي ولا" جو هڪ حصو هڪ خانقاه کي ڏنو هو. جيتوڻيڪ اهو شڪ آهي ته هي زمين لوور جي موجوده جڳهه سان بلڪل مطابقت رکي ٿي. بهرحال. لساني طور تي اهو لفظ فرانسيسي فعل لوور (ڪرائي ڏيڻ، ڪرائي تي ڏيڻ) مان ڪڍڻ بهتر ٿيندو. ڊو ڪينج جي وچئين دور جي لاطيني لغت جي مطابق، وچئين دور جي فرانس ۾ لووگيم هڪ قسم جي فيس يا ڪرائي هئي جيڪا ڪنهن شيءِ جي استعمال لاءِ ادا ڪئي ويندي هئي. * لوور محل پنهنجي تعمير کان وٺي ڪيترن ئي مرمتن جي تابع رهيو آهي. 14 صدي ۾. چارلس پنجون عمارت کي ان جي فوجي ڪردار کان رهائش ۾ تبديل ڪيو. 1546 ۾. فرانسس پهرين ان جي تعمير فرانسيسي نشاۃِ ثانيه جي انداز ۾ شروع ڪئي. لوئس XIV پاران 1682 ۾ ورسائي کي پنهنجي رهائش جي طور تي چونڊڻ کان پوءِ. تعميراتي ڪم سست ٿي ويا. پيرس کان شاهي منتقلي جي نتيجي ۾ لوور کي فنڪارن جي رهائش جي طور تي استعمال ڪيو ويو (شاهي سرپرستي هيٺ). مثال طور. بول خاندان جي ڪاريگرن-فنڪارن جي چئن نسلن کي شاهي سرپرستي ڏني وئي. ۽ لوور ۾ رهائش پذير ٿيا. * انهي دوران. لوور جا مجموعا فرانس جي بادشاهن پاران پينٽنگز ۽ ٻين فن پارن جي حاصلات مان شروع ٿيا. فونٽينيبليو جي محل ۾. فرانسس آرٽ گڏ ڪيو. جيڪو بعد ۾ لوور جي آرٽ ڪليڪشن جو حصو بڻيو. Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by [[Philip II of France|King Philip II]] in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the west, as the [[Kingdom of England]] still held [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] at the time. Remnants of the [[Medieval Louvre]] are still visible in the crypt. Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.<ref name="Edwards" /> The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. According to the authoritative ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique]]'', the name derives from an association with a [[wolf hunting]] den (via Latin: ''lupus'', lower Empire: ''lupara'').<ref name="Edwards">Edwards,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;193–94</ref><ref>In Larousse ''Nouveau Dictionnaire étymologique et historique'', Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***'''loup''' 1080, Roland (''leu'', forme conservée dans ''à la queue leu leu'', ''Saint Leu'', etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word ''louvre'' is from ''lupara'', feminine (pop. Latin) form of ''lupus''.</ref> In the 7th century, [[Burgundofara]] (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have given part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,<ref>In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, ''Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l'abbé Lebeuf'', Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: "Louvre".</ref> even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. However, linguistically it would be sounder to derive the word from the French verb ''louer'' (to let, rent), with the Old French noun-building suffix ''-re'' appended (like in ''oeuvre'', ''genre'', ''ogre'', ''bougre'' etc.), signifying something which is let or rented. According to DuCange's medieval Latin glossary, ''louvagium'' in medieval France was a kind of fee or rent paid for the use of something. The Louvre Palace has been subject to numerous renovations since its construction. In the 14th&nbsp;century, [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] converted the building from its military role into a residence. In 1546, [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] started its rebuilding in [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Edwards198">Edwards,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;198</ref> After Louis XIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.<ref name="Edwards198" />{{R|Mignot|page=42}}<ref>Nore,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;274</ref> For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O185910/design-for-a-boulle-jean-philippe/ |date=21 July 2019 |publisher=V&A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death of André-Charles Boulle |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0 |date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |publisher=Khanacademy |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the [[House of France]]. At the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]''. The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodelled Petite Galerie. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from [[Siam]] in 1686.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert W. Berger |date=1999 |title=Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |pages=83–86}}</ref> By the mid-18th&nbsp;century there were proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. Art critic [[Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne]] in 1747 published a call for a display of the royal collection. On 14 October 1750, [[Louis XV]] decided on a display of 96 pieces from the royal collection, mounted in the Galerie royale de peinture of the [[Luxembourg Palace]]. A hall was opened by [[Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem|Le Normant de Tournehem]] and the [[Abel François Poisson|Marquis de Marigny]] for public viewing of the "king's paintings" (''Tableaux du Roy'') on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Luxembourg gallery included [[Andrea del Sarto]]'s ''Charity'' and works by [[Raphael]]; [[Titian]]; [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]; [[Rembrandt]]; [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussin]] or [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]]. It closed in 1780 as a result of the royal gift of the Luxembourg palace to the Count of Provence (the future king, [[Louis XVIII]]) by the king in 1778.<ref name="Nora 278" /> Under [[Louis XVI]], the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition.<ref name="Carb 56">Carbonell, p.&nbsp;56</ref> The [[Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller|comte d'Angiviller]] broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} of the Louvre – which at that time contained the ''[[Musée des Plans-Reliefs|plans-reliefs]]'' or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the "French Museum". Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre's renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them. Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.<ref name="Nora 278" /> {{clear}} === Revolutionary opening === The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution. In May 1791, the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts".<ref name="Nora 278"/> On 10 August 1792, [[Louis XVI]] was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation urgent. In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display.<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;21–22</ref> [[File:Amor-Psyche-Canova-JBU02.JPG|thumb|right|[[Antonio Canova]]'s ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' was commissioned in 1787 and donated in 1824.<ref name="French">{{Cite web |title=French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova |url=http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |last1=Monaghan |first1=Sean M. |last2=Rodgers, Michael |year=2000 |website=19th Century Paris Project |publisher=School of Art and Design, San Jose State University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420173109/http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 |access-date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>]] The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as ''Muséum central des Arts de la République''. The public was given free access on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated".<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;35</ref> The collection showcased 537&nbsp;paintings and 184&nbsp;objects of art. Three-quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated [[émigrés]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] property (''[[biens nationaux]]'').<ref name="Alex 24" />{{R|Mignot|page=68-69}} To expand and organise the collection, the Republic dedicated 100,000&nbsp;[[Livre tournois|livres]] per year.<ref name="Nora 278">Nora,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;278</ref> In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the [[Treaty of Tolentino]] (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the ''[[Laocoön and His Sons|Laocoön]]'' and ''[[Apollo Belvedere]]'', to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".<ref name="Alex 24" /><ref>McClellan,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;7</ref> [[Bertrand Clauzel]] then chief of staff to [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], serving in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]], negotiated the [[abdication]] of the [[Charles Emmanuel IV|King of Sardinia]] in December 1798 from his mainland territories. To secure the agreement Clauzel returned with [[the Woman with Dropsy]], a painting by the Dutch master [[Gerrit Dou|Gerard Dou]]. Clauzel would donate it to the Louvre, making it the first donation in the museum's history.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=4 September 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Botta|first=Carlo|title=Storie d'Italia dall'anno 1789 all'anno 1814, Volume Terzo|publisher=Giovani Silvestri|year=1844|location=Milan|pages=298–299|language=It|trans-title=Stories of Italy from 1789 to 1814, Volume Three}}</ref><ref>Louvre collection, catalogue - {{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=22 November 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref> The early days were hectic. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabelled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling".<ref name="Alex 24">Alderson,&nbsp; pp. 24,&nbsp;25</ref> The museum closed in May 1796 due to structural deficiencies. It reopened on [[Bastille Day|14 July]] 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns.<ref name="Alex 24" /> On 15 August 1797, the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] was opened with an exhibition of drawings. Meanwhile, the Louvre's Gallery of Antiquity sculpture (''musée des Antiques''), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in [[Anne of Austria]]'s former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. === {{anchor|Musée Napoléon|Napoleon I}}Napoleonic era === {{see also|Napoleonic looting of art}} On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed [[Vivant Denon]], a scholar and polymath who had participated in the [[French Invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]] of 1798–1801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] and architects [[Léon Dufourny]] or [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]].<ref>{{citation|journal=Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre |volume=55 |date=Summer 2021 |author=Vivien Richard |title=Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon |page=74}}</ref> On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed ''Musée Napoléon''.<ref name=GBB>{{cite book|author=Geneviève Bresc |title=Mémoires du Louvre |publisher=Gallimard |date=1989 |location=Paris}}</ref>{{rp|79}} The collection grew through successful military campaigns.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} Acquisitions were made of Spanish, Austrian, Dutch, and Italian works, either as the result of [[war looting]] or formalised by treaties such as the [[Treaty of Tolentino]].<ref name="Alderson 25" /> At the end of Napoleon's First Italian Campaign in 1797, the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] was signed with [[Count Philipp von Cobenzl]] of the [[Austrian Monarchy]]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.<ref name="Plant, p. 36">Plant, p. 36</ref> The [[Horses of Saint Mark]], which had adorned the basilica of San Marco in Venice after the sack of [[Constantinople]] in 1204, were brought to Paris where they were placed atop Napoleon's [[Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel]] in 1797.<ref name="Plant, p. 36" /> Under the Treaty of Tolentino, the two statues of the Nile and Tiber were taken to Paris from the Vatican in 1797, and were both kept in the Louvre until 1815. (The Nile was later returned to Rome,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swetnam-Burland |first=Molly |date=2009 |title=Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=113 |issue=3 |page=440 |doi=10.3764/aja.113.3.439 |jstor=20627596|s2cid=191377908 }}</ref> whereas the Tiber has remained in the Louvre to this day.) The despoilment of Italian churches and palaces outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities.<ref>Popkin, p. 88</ref> After the French defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the looted works' former owners sought their return. The Louvre's administrator, Denon, was loath to comply in absence of a treaty of restitution. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all.<ref name="Alderson 25">Alderson,&nbsp;p. 25</ref>{{R|Mignot|page=69}}<ref>For example, [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]]'s ''Calvary'', [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana'', and Rogier van der Weyden's ''Annunciation'' were not returned.</ref> In 1815 [[Louis XVIII]] finally concluded agreements with the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paolo Veronese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59chAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA741 |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |year = 1867|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith |issue=December 1867 |page=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Christopher M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYponZ9FFGIC&pg=PA190 |title=Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0520212015 |page=190}}</ref> for the keeping of works such as Veronese's ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' which was exchanged for a large [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] or the repurchase of the [[Alessandro Albani|Albani]] collection. {{clear}} === From 1815 to 1852 === [[File:MG-Paris-Aphrodite of Milos edited.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' was added to the Louvre's collection during the reign of [[Louis XVIII]].]] For most of the 19th century, from [[Napoleon]]'s time to the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch's [[civil list]] and thus depended much on the ruler's personal involvement. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("{{lang|fr|les musées du Louvre}}") rather than singular.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marcy |first1=Pierre |title=Guide populaire dans les Musées du Louvre |date=1867 |publisher=Librairie du Petit Journal |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGcEAAAAYAAJ |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830), [[Louis XVIII]] and [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] added to the collections. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the [[Cour Carrée]] was completed on designs by [[Percier and Fontaine]]. In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée's southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.{{R|GBB|page=87}} Charles X in 1826 created the {{lang|fr|Musée Égyptien}} and in 1827 included it in his broader {{lang|fr|Musée Charles X}}, a new section of the museum complex located in a suite of lavishly decorated rooms on the first floor of the South Wing of the Cour Carrée. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by [[Jean-François Champollion]], formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's [[Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre|Department of Egyptian Antiquities]]. It was formed from the purchased collections of [[Edmé-Antoine Durand]], [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]] and the second collection of [[Bernardino Drovetti]] (the first one having been purchased by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] to form the core of the present [[Museo Egizio]] in [[Turin]]). The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the {{lang|fr|Galerie d'Angoulême}}, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the Cour Carrée, many of whose artifacts came from the [[Palace of Versailles]] and from Alexandre Lenoir's [[Musée des Monuments français (1795-1816)|Musée des Monuments Français]] following its closure in 1816. Meanwhile, the [[French Navy]] created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named {{lang|fr|musée dauphin}} in honour of [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Dauphin Louis Antoine]],<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_130_4_1468 |book-title=Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005 |title=Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie ? |author=Geneviève Lacambre |location=Paris |publisher=Editions du CTHS |date=2008 |pages=94–109 }}</ref> building on an 18th-century initiative of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]]. This collection, renamed {{lang|fr|musée naval}} in 1833 and later to develop into the [[Musée national de la Marine]], was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor [[attic]], where it remained for more than a century.<ref name=Marine>{{citation|journal=Artefact |title=Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ? |author=Géraldine Barron |date=April 2021|volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=143–162 |doi=10.4000/artefact.695 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Rooms of the Musée Charles X"> File:Dernière salle des antiquités égyptiennes (Louvre).jpg|First room File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 27 and others.jpg|Room&nbsp;27 File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 29 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;29 File:Salles des colonnes du Louvre, vue vers l'ouest.jpg|Salle des Colonnes File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 35 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;35 File:Room 36 of the Greek antiquities in the Louvre.jpg|Room&nbsp;36 File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 38 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;38 </gallery> {{multiple image|align=right |total_width=350|image1=Salon Carré Ceiling.jpg |image2=Palais du Louvre - Salle des Sept-Cheminées -1.JPG |footer=Ceiling decorations designed by [[Félix Duban]] in the [[Salon Carré]] (left) and {{lang|fr|Salle des Sept-Cheminées}} (right), late 1840s}} [[File:Giuseppe Castiglione - View of the Grand Salon Carré in the Louvre - WGA4552.jpg|thumb|300px|The display in the [[Salon Carré]], painted by [[Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)|Giuseppe Castiglione]] in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' is visible on the left, and his ''Supper in the House of Simon'' (now at the [[Palace of Versailles]]) is on the right.]] Following the [[July Revolution]], [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe]] focused his interest on the repurposing of the [[Palace of Versailles]] into a [[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Museum of French History]] conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the {{lang|fr|musée assyrien}} to host the monumental [[Assyrian sculpture]] works brought to Paris by [[Paul-Émile Botta]], in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847.<ref>{{cite web|website=Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad |title=The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre |url=https://archeologie.culture.fr/khorsabad/en/opening-assyrian-museum-louvre}}</ref> Separately, Louis-Philippe had his [[Spanish gallery]] displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's East ([[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]]) Wing,<ref>{{citation|title=La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838–1848 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371348d.texteImage |author1=Jeannine Baticle |author2=Cristina Marinas |publisher=Réunion des musées nationaux |location=Paris |date=1981}}</ref> but the collection remained his personal property. As a consequence, the works were removed after Louis-Philippe was deposed in 1848, and were eventually auctioned away in 1853. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] had more ambitions for the Louvre. It initiated repair work, the completion of the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] and of the {{lang|fr|salle des sept-cheminées}}, and the overhaul of the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}} (former site of the iconic yearly [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]]) and of the Grande Galerie.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée's attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,<ref name=Marine/> a change which was again reversed in 1920. In 1850 under the leadership of curator [[Adrien Prévost de Longpérier|Adrien de Longpérier]], the [[musée mexicain]] opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to [[pre-Columbian art]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 56 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/the-metropolitan-museum-journal-volume-56-2021 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> === Second Empire === {{Main|Napoleon III's Louvre expansion}} The rule of [[Napoleon III]] was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the museum. In 1852, he created the [[Musée des Souverains]] in the [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade Wing]], an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. In 1861, he bought 11,835&nbsp;artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the [[Campana collection]]. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named {{lang|fr|Musée Napoléon III}}, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. Between 1852 and 1870, the museum added 20,000&nbsp;new artefacts to its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Louvre? {{!}} Hobble Creek |url=https://hobblecreek.us/blog/entry/what-is-the-louvre |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=hobblecreek.us}}</ref> The main change of that period was to the building itself. In the 1850s architects [[Louis Visconti]] and [[Hector Lefuel]] created massive new spaces around what is now called the [[Cour Napoléon]], some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum.{{R|Mignot|page=52-54}} In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the {{lang|fr|pavillon des Sessions}} with a new {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}} closer to Napoleon III's residence in the [[Tuileries Palace]], with the effect of shortening the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} by about a third of its previous length. A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the {{lang|fr|salle des Empereurs}} below the [[Salon carré]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed"> File:Musée Napoléon III.jpg|Entrance to a section of the ''Musée Napoléon&nbsp;III'' from the ''salle des séances'', then a double-height space File:Galerie Daru - Musée du Louvre.jpg|''Galerie Daru'', part of the New Louvre building program under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Paris - Musée du Louvre (30612872064).jpg|''Salle Daru'' above the ''galerie Daru'', also created under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Escalier Mollien in 2010 (1).jpg|''Escalier Mollien'' in the New Louvre File:P1080712 Louvre salle romaine rwk.JPG|''Salle des Empereurs'' </gallery> {{clear}} === From 1870 to 1981 === [[File:Plaques honoring the defenders of the Louvre in May 1871.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaques honouring the Louvre's defenders in May 1871]] The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the [[Paris Commune]]. On 23 May 1871, as the French Army advanced into Paris, a force of ''Communards'' led by {{ill|Jules Bergeret|fr}} set fire to the adjoining [[Tuileries Palace]]. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the Tuileries and spreading to the north west wing of the museum next to it. The emperor's Louvre library (''Bibliothèque du Louvre'') and some of the adjoining halls, in what is now the Richelieu Wing, were separately destroyed. But the museum was saved by the efforts of Paris firemen and museum employees led by curator [[Henry Barbet de Jouy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=René Heron de Villefosse |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset |date=1959}}</ref> Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. The Salle du Manège was transferred to the museum in 1879, and in 1928 became its main entrance lobby.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Point |date=16 May 2015 |author1=Frédéric Lewino |author2=Anne-Sophie Jahn |title=Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour des Écuries |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/visite-interdite-du-louvre-4-la-magnifique-rampe-en-fer-a-cheval-de-la-cour-des-ecuries-16-05-2015-1928803_3.php}}</ref> The large Salle des Etats that had been created by Lefuel between the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} and Pavillon Denon was redecorated in 1886 by {{ill|Edmond Guillaume|fr}}, Lefuel's successor as architect of the Louvre, and opened as a spacious exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|website=INHA Institut national d'histoire de l'art |title=Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris) |url=https://www.inha.fr/fr/ressources/publications/publications-numeriques/dictionnaire-critique-des-historiens-de-l-art/guillaume-edmond.html |date=9 February 2010 |author=Olivia Tolede}}</ref><ref name=Bresc>{{cite book |author=Geneviève Bresc-Bautier |title=The Louvre, a Tale of a Palace |date=2008 |publisher=Louvre éditions |location=Paris |url=http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306033021/http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the [[Cour Carrée]], on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting by [[Carolus-Duran]], ''The Triumph of [[Marie de' Medici]]'' originally created in 1879 for the [[Luxembourg Palace]].<ref name=Bresc/> [[File:Daru staircase Louvre 2007 05 13.jpg|thumb|The Louvre's monumental [[Escalier Daru]], topped by the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', took its current appearance in the early 1930s.]] Meanwhile, during the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The 583-item {{lang|fr|Collection La Caze}}, donated in 1869 by [[Louis La Caze]], included works by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]; [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Jean-Antoine Watteau|Watteau]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} In 1883, the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the [[Escalier Daru]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} Major artefacts excavated at [[Susa]] in Iran, including the massive ''Apadana capital'' and glazed brick decoration from the [[Palace of Darius in Susa|Palace of Darius]] there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. The [[Société des amis du Louvre]] was established in 1897 and donated prominent works, such as the ''[[Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]]''. The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as [[Georges de La Tour]]'s ''Saint Thomas'' and [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]]'s 1935 donation of 4,000&nbsp;prints, 3,000&nbsp;drawings, and 500&nbsp;illustrated books. From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern art, covering a space ranging from [[Iran]] to the Atlantic. The collections of the Louvre's [[musée mexicain]] were transferred to the [[Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro]] in 1887. As the {{lang|fr|[[Musée national de la Marine|Musée de Marine]]}} was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor [[attic]] of the northern half of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the [[National Archaeological Museum, France|National Antiquities Museum]] in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], and the [[Chinese Museum (Fontainebleau)|Chinese Museum]] in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].<ref>{{cite book|date=1906 |author=Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty |title=Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3 |page=282}}</ref> The Musée de Marine itself was relocated to the [[Palais de Chaillot]] in 1943. The Louvre's extensive collections of [[Asian art]] were moved to the [[Guimet Museum]] in 1945. Nevertheless, the Louvre's first gallery of [[Islamic art]] opened in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Islamic Art – The Cour Visconti |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/an-introduction-to-islamic-art |access-date=17 January 2024 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L15196, Paris, Besuch Gerd v. Rundstedt im Louvre.jpg|thumb|Generalfeldmarschall [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] is seen with a plaster model of the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'',<ref>''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&q=%22the%20venus%20de%20milo%20now%20replaced%20by%20a%20plaster%20model%22 (4 November 1940), p. 39].</ref> while visiting the Louvre with the curator Alfred Merlin on 7 October 1940.]] [[File:Meuble de type borne dans la grande galerie du Louvre.jpg|thumb|Seating designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] in the late 1960s, {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}]] [[File:Salon Carré D201805 2.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}}'s 1972 museography for the [[Salon Carré]], with "dos-à-dos" seat designed in 1967 by [[Pierre Paulin]]]] In the late 1920s, Louvre Director [[Henri Verne]] devised a master plan for the rationalisation of the museum's exhibitions, which was partly implemented in the following decade. In 1932–1934, Louvre architects {{ill|Camille Lefèvre (architect)|lt=Camille Lefèvre|fr|Camille Lefèvre (architecte)}} and Albert Ferran redesigned the [[Escalier Daru]] to its current appearance. The {{lang|fr|Cour du Sphinx}} in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the [[Cour Carrée]], including some of France's first [[period room]] displays. In the late 1930s, The La Caze donation was moved to a remodelled {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}} above the {{lang|fr|salle des Caryatides}}, with reduced height to create more rooms on the second floor and a sober interior design by Albert Ferran.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} During [[World War II]], the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of [[Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II|evacuation of its art collection]]. When Germany occupied the [[Sudetenland]], many important artworks such as the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' were temporarily moved to the [[Château de Chambord]]. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. Select sculptures such as ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'' and the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' were sent to the [[Château de Valençay]].<ref>Alan Riding, ''And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris''. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.</ref> On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and "unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement".<ref>Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.</ref> In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.<ref>Simon,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;177</ref> New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}},<ref name=Bresc/> where the ''Mona Lisa'' was first displayed in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |website=Louvre |author=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Les accrochages de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour |url=https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501030432/https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Around 1950, Louvre architect {{ill|Jean-Jacques Haffner|fr}} streamlined the interior decoration of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}.<ref name=Bresc/> In 1953, a new ceiling by [[Georges Braque]] was inaugurated in the {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}, next to the {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}.<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-27-la-et-louvre-twombly27-2010mar27-story.html |title=Hitting the Louvre ceiling |author=Devorah Lauter |date=27 March 2010}}</ref> In the late 1960s, seats designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] were installed in the {{lang|fr|Grande Galerie|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Elle Decor |title=Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art |author=Rita Salerno |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27734656/pierre-paulin-biography-works/}}</ref> In 1972, the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}}'s museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect {{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}} with assistance from designers {{ill|André Monpoix|fr}}, [[Joseph-André Motte]] and Paulin.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Monde |title=Le "salon Carré", prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie |author=Michel Conil Lacoste |date=9 February 1972 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/02/09/le-salon-carre-prestigieux-vestibule-a-la-grande-galerie_2381391_1819218.html}}</ref> In 1961, the Finance Ministry accepted to leave the [[Pavillon de Flore]] at the southwestern end of the Louvre building, as Verne had recommended in his 1920s plan. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Figaro |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/12/04/26001-20141204ARTFIG00203-1964-le-louvre-sera-le-plus-beau-musee-du-monde.php |title=1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde |author=Pierre Mazars |date=18 November 1964}}</ref> === Grand Louvre === {{Main|Grand Louvre}} In 1981, French President [[François Mitterrand]] proposed, as one of his [[Grands Projets of François Mitterrand|Grands Projets]], the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the [[Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)|Finance Ministry]], until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate [[Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris|Musée des Arts Décoratifs]]) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. In 1984 [[I. M. Pei]], the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a [[Louvre Pyramid|glass pyramid]] in the Louvre's central ''Cour Napoléon''.{{R|Mignot|page=66}} The open spaces surrounding the pyramid were inaugurated on 15 October 1988, and its underground lobby was opened on 30 March 1989. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the [[Cour Carrée]], for which the planning had started before the ''Grand Louvre'', also opened in 1989. Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by [[Italo Rota]], opened on 15 December 1992.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry site, the museum's largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and [[Jean-Michel Wilmotte]]. Further underground spaces known as the [[Carrousel du Louvre]], centred on the [[Louvre Inverted Pyramid|Inverted Pyramid]] and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Other refurbished galleries, of Italian sculptures and Egyptian antiquities, opened in 1994. The third and last main phase of the plan unfolded mainly in 1997, with new renovated rooms in the Sully and Denon wings. A new entrance at the ''porte des Lions'' opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} As of 2002, the Louvre's visitor count had doubled from its pre-Grand-Louvre levels.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_24/b3787627.htm | date=17 June 2002 | title=Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette | work=Business Week Online | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210154237/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-06-16/online-extra-q-and-a-with-the-louvres-henri-loyrette | archive-date=10 December 2013| access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Louvre Courtyard, Looking West.jpg|The Napoleon Courtyard and Ieoh Ming Pei's [[Louvre Pyramid|pyramid]] in its centre, at dusk File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg|The Louvre Palace and the pyramid (by day) </gallery> === 21st century === President [[Jacques Chirac]], who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer {{ill|Jacques Kerchache|fr}}. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]] was installed on the ground floor of the {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}} and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Musée du Quai Branly itself. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the [[Alwaleed Philanthropies|Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation]] and on a design by [[Mario Bellini]] and [[Rudy Ricciotti]].<ref name="Islamic art, covered">Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), [https://www.ft.com/content/ad9c2ff2-f5bf-11e1-bf76-00144feabdc0 Islamic art, covered] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (19 September 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/arts/design/the-louvres-new-islamic-galleries-bring-riches-to-light.html The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2781939|title=Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts|author=Denis Bocquet|journal=Academia.edu|date=20 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2007, German painter [[Anselm Kiefer]] was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the [[Claude Perrault|Perrault]] [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]], ''Athanor''. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of [[Henri Loyrette]], fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, [[Georges Braque|George Braque]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Serafin |first=Amy |date=21 October 2007 |title=The Louvre Now Accepts the Living |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/arts/design/21sera.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010, American painter [[Cy Twombly]] completed a new ceiling for the {{lang|fr|Salle des Bronzes}} (the former {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}), a counterpoint to that of Braque installed in 1953 in the adjacent {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.<ref>{{cite web|website=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit |author=Doreen Carvajal |date=5 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist [[François Morellet]] to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. For ''L'esprit d'escalier'' Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title="L'esprit d'escalier", François Morellet {{!}} Cnap |url=https://www.cnap.fr/lesprit-descalier-francois-morellet |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=www.cnap.fr}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the [[Cour Carrée]]'s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web|website=La Tribune de l'Art |title=La réouverture des salles d'objets d'art du Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI |author=Didier Rykner |date=8 June 2014 |url=https://www.latribunedelart.com/la-reouverture-des-salles-d-objets-d-art-du-louvre-de-louis-xiv-a-louis-xvi-5107-5107-5107}}</ref> In January 2020, under the direction of [[Jean-Luc Martinez]], the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, ''L'Onde du Midi'' by Venezuelan kinetic artist [[Elias Crespin]]. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the [[Louvre Colonnade|Perrault Colonnade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Elias Crespin, l'art de la ligne au Louvre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/elias-crespin-l-art-de-la-ligne-au-louvre-20200120 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage]]. The museum closed after the end of the day on 29 February 2020,<ref>Yan, Holly. [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/europe/france-coronavirus-louvre-closed "Paris' famed Louvre Museum is closed as France deals with at least 100 cases of novel coronavirus"], [[CNN]], 1 March 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and it did not reopen until 6 July.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-museum-reopens-paris-four-month-closing-coronavirus/ "Louvre reopens after four-month closing due to coronavirus"], [[Associated Press]], via [[CBS News]], 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> The museum operated with limited capacity until 29 October, when it was ordered closed again due to an increase in COVID cases in France,<ref>Hickman, Matt. [https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/struggling-museums-lock-down-covid-19-surges-europe/ "Struggling cultural institutions lock down (again) as COVID-19 surges across Europe"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', 30 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and reopened on 19 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makoni |first=Abbianca |date=19 May 2021 |title=Bienvenu! Louvre museum reopens after six month shutdown |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/louvre-reopens-paris-coronavirus-pandemic-france-b935995.html |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> As a result, the museum recorded only 2.7 million visitors in 2020, down from 9.6 million in 2019 and a record 10.2 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020|url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20210108-louvre-museum-visitors-dropped-more-than-70-in-virus-wracked-2020|access-date=13 January 2021|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> In preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]], the Louvre staged an exhibit about the Games' history that links their ancient beginnings to the modern era.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaBarge |first=Emily |date=26 April 2024 |title=At the Louvre, the Olympics Are More French Than You Might Think |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/arts/louvre-olympics-exhibition.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Attendance rose to 8.9 million in 2023, 14 percent above 2022, but still short of the record of 10.2 million in 2018.<ref name="francetvinfo.fr">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/en-2023-le-louvre-a-retrouve-une-frequentation-pre-covid-avec-pres-de-9-millions-de-visiteurs_6280212.html | title=En 2023, le Louvre a retrouvé une fréquentation pré-Covid avec près de 9 millions de visiteurs | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2025, French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced plans for a renovation and expansion of the Louvre, including a room solely for the Mona Lisa. The planned renovation and expansion was a result of the increasing number of visitors each year to the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mona Lisa to get a room of her own in Louvre museum renovation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129135438/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The renovation is set to begin in September 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Masih |first=Niha |date=8 December 2025 |title=First a heist, now a leak. Water damages antique books at the Louvre. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2025/12/08/louvre-leak-water-books-egyptian/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On 16 June 2025, the museum's employees went on strike in protest against chronic issues such as overcrowding, understaffing and "untenable" working conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The world's most-visited museum shuts down, sounding the alarm on overtourism |url=https://apnews.com/article/louvre-museum-paris-closed-lines-delay-2bbf9be4f49de739fd14dd4d908e4d72 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The Louvre in Paris closes unexpectedly as staff protest conditions - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-paris-closed-reopening-unclear/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 October 2025, the Louvre was subjected to [[2025 Louvre robbery|a robbery]] through a forced window in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]]. The museum reported that jewellery had been stolen, and the perpetrators fled by motorbike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre closed due to robbery |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/10/musee-du-louvre-robbery/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Attractions Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> They used a construction platform left by the building to enter a window and leave with their score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Spectaculaire cambriolage au Louvre, des bijoux "inestimables" dérobés |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/spectaculaire-cambriolage-au-louvre-des-bijoux-inestimables-derobes-22f02fcfde8b09ab13c59aed4630ba79 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Boursorama |language=fr}}</ref> The museum was closed for the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Everything we know about the Louvre jewellery heist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> French interior minister [[Laurent Nuñez]] said the robbery involved intruders entering the museum via a basket lift using a platform mounted on a lorry and then cut into the window using what appeared to be angle grinders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Priceless' jewellery stolen from Louvre museum in Paris - as authorities reveal details of daring raid |url=https://news.sky.com/story/louvre-museum-in-paris-closed-after-robbery-13453106 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Nine major pieces of jewellery from the crowns of France were taken in a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Sandrine |last2=J.-M. D. |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre cambriolé : quels sont les bijoux exposés dans la galerie d'Apollon visée par les voleurs ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/musee-du-louvre-cambriole-quels-sont-les-bijoux-exposes-dans-la-galerie-dapollon-visee-par-les-voleurs-19-10-2025-VYY6HZW5FNFAHBMJHD53E3UKTI.php |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Eight pieces were stolen, including an emerald necklace that belonged to [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Empress Marie-Louise]] and three jewels that belonged to queens [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Marie-Amelie]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schechner |first=Sam |date=19 October 2025 |title=Brazen Heist at Louvre Museum Snatches Priceless Royal Jewels |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/seven-minute-heist-at-louvre-leaves-museum-missing-priceless-jewels-2b4b586e |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The ninth item, the [[Crown of Empress Eugénie]], was recovered the same day in a street close to the Louvre but in a damaged condition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biétry-Rivierre |first=Eric |date=19 October 2025 |title=1354 diamants, 56 émeraudes : la couronne de l'impératrice Eugénie, un trésor acquis par l'État en 1988 |trans-title=1354 diamonds, 56 emeralds: the crown of Empress Eugenie, a treasure acquired by the State in 1988 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/1354-diamants-56-emeraudes-la-couronne-de-l-imperatrice-eugenie-un-tresor-acquis-par-l-etat-en-1988-20251019 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> On 25 October, two of the suspected thieves were arrested, one was trying to fly to Algeria from Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |title=Two arrested over theft of jewels at Louvre museum in Paris |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2025|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026115154/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |archive-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>On 29 October, the prosecutor in charge said that they had "partially admitted" to their involvement in the heist. She added that the jewels were yet to be recovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |title=Louvre heist suspects 'partially admit' involvement, stolen jewels still missing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/detained-louvre-heist-suspects-have-partially-recognised-involvement-prosecutor-2025-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>On the same day, five additional suspects were arrested, but only one of them was allegedly part of the four-man heist team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five new suspects arrested over Louvre jewellery theft|date=30 October 2025|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030172208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-date=30 October 2025|work=BBC|access-date=30 October 2025|last=Armstrong|first=Kathryn}}</ref> On 30 October, police arrested five more suspects, but there was still no sign of the stolen jewels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |date=30 October 2025 |title=French police hunting stolen Louvre jewels arrest more suspects |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/third-suspect-arrested-over-louvre-heist-french-tv-reports-2025-10-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> In late November, a water line burst, and damaged between 300 and 400 books and journals, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" captionstyle="font-size: small;"> File:Pavillon des Sessions 01.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}}'s display of non-Western art from the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]], opened in 2000 File:Cour Visconti (Louvre) D201512a.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}'s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic Art Department in 2012 File:Les arts de l'Islam au Louvre (8055981963).jpg|Islamic art display in the covered {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}, 2012 File:Louvre, dipartimento di arte islamica, 01.JPG|Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 </gallery> == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] qp7y1a2ypq93wxhy856rgh32jklcnso 375613 375612 2026-05-03T08:57:35Z Ibne maryam 17680 375613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=لوور ميوزيم<br> Musée du Louvre |image=File:Louvre Museum Wikimedia Commons.jpg|caption=لوور ميوزيم ۽ ڪور نيپولين تي پرامڊ|established={{Start date and age|1793|8|10|df=yes}}|dissolved=|location=لوور ميوزيم، 75001، [[پيرس|پئرس]]، [[فرانس]]|type=آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ تاريخي ماڳ|visitors=90 لک (مالي سال 2025ع) <ref>Franceinfo.fr, 5 January 2026 </ref> * قومي سطح تي پهريون نمبر * عالمي سطح تي پهريون نمبر|director=ڪرسٽوفئ ليريبالٽ|curator=ماري-لاور ڊي روشيبرون|publictransit=* پيليس رويال-لوور ميوزيم اسٽيشن * لوور-ريوولي اسٽيشن|website={{Official website}}}} '''لوور''' يا '''لوور ميوزيم''' ({{Langx|fr|Musée du Louvre|link=no}} {{بول|fr|myze dy luvʁ||Fr-Musée du Louvre.oga}} )، [[پيرس]]، فرانس ۾ هڪ قومي آرٽ ميوزيم آهي. لوور، هڪ اڳوڻو شاهي محل، فرانسيسي بادشاهن پاران گڏ ڪيل مشهور تصويرن جي مجموعي لاءِ مشهور آهي، جنهن ۾ [[ليونارڊو ڊي ونچي|ليونارڊو دا ونسي]] جي ''[[مونا ليزا]]'' جي تصوير به شامل آهي. مالي سال 2025ع ۾ ميوزيم کي 90 لک سياح مليا ۽ ان کي باقاعدي طور تي نه رڳو فرانس ۾ پر دنيا ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم طور درجه بندي ڪيو ويندو آهي. سال 2012 ۾ 27 سيڪڙو سياح فرانسيسي هئا، جڏهن ته 73 سيڪڙو ٻين ملڪن جا هئا. اهو شهر جي پهرين ارونڊيسمينٽ (ضلعو) ۾ سين جي ساڄي ڪناري تي واقع آهي ۽ مغربي فن جي ڪجهه سڀ کان وڌيڪ روايتي ڪمن جو گهر آهي، جنهن ۾ ''[[مونا ليزا]]''، ''وينس ڊي ميلو'' ۽ ''ونگڊ وڪٽري'' شامل آهن. هي عجائب گھر لوور محل ۾ واقع آهي، جيڪو اصل ۾ 12 صدي جي آخر کان 13 صدي جي وچ ۾ &nbsp;فلپ II جي دور ۾ ٺهيو هو. ميوزيم جي تهه خاني ۾ قرون وسطيٰ جي لوور قلعي جا باقيات نظر اچن ٿا. شهري واڌ جي ڪري، قلعو آخرڪار پنهنجو دفاعي ڪم وڃائي ويٺو ۽ 1546ع ۾ فرانسس پهرين ان کي فرانسيسي بادشاهن جي بنيادي رهائشگاهه ۾ تبديل ڪيو. موجوده لوور محل ٺاهڻ لاءِ عمارت کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا ٻيهر ڊزائين ڪيو ويو ۽ وڌايو ويو. سال 1682ع ۾، [[لوئي چوڏھون|لوئس XIV]] پنهنجي گهر لاءِ ورسيلز محل چونڊيو ۽ لوور کي بنيادي طور تي شاهي مجموعو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هڪ جڳهه جي طور تي ڇڏي ڏنو، جنهن ۾ 1692ع کان قديم يوناني ۽ رومن مجسمن جو مجموعو شامل هو. ۽ سال 1692ع ۾، عمارت " {{ٻولي|fr|[[Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres]]}}" ۽ اڪيڊمي رائل ڊي پينچر ايٽ ڊي اسڪپلچر جي قبضي ۾ هئي، جنهن سال 1699ع ۾ سيلون جي هڪ سلسلي جو پهريون انعقاد ڪيو. اڪيڊمي 100 سالن تائين لوور ۾ رهي. [[فرانسيسي انقلاب]] دوران، قومي اسيمبلي فيصلو ڪيو ته لوور کي قوم جي شاهڪارن جي نمائش لاءِ عجائب گھر طور استعمال ڪيو وڃي. محل ۽ نمائش واري جاءِ کي 19هين صدي ۾ ۽ ٻيهر 20هين صدي ۾ وڌايو ويو. عجائب گھر 10 آگسٽ 1793ع تي 537 پينٽنگن جي نمائش سان کوليو ويو، جن مان گھڻا ڪم شاهي ۽ ضبط ٿيل چرچ جي ملڪيت جا هئا. عمارت جي بناوت جي مسئلن جي ڪري، عجائب گھر 1796ع کان 1801ع تائين بند رهيو. [[نئپولين بوناپارٽ|نيپولين]] جي دور ۾ يورپ، مصر ۽ شام ۾ فن جي ڦرلٽ کان پوءِ، هن مجموعي کي وڌايو ويو ۽ عجائب گھر جو نالو بدلائي "''ميوسي نيپولين"'' رکيو، پر نيپولين جي دستبرداري کان پوءِ، سندس فوجن پاران ضبط ڪيل ڪيترائي ڪم انهن جي اصل مالڪن ڏانهن واپس ڪيا ويا. لوئس XVIII ۽ چارلس X جي دور ۾ هي مجموعو وڌيڪ وڌايو ويو ۽ ٻي فرانسيسي سلطنت دوران عجائب گھر 20,000 ٽڪرا حاصل ڪيا. ٽئين جمهوريه کان وٺي عطيا ۽ وصيتن ذريعي هولڊنگز مسلسل وڌي رهيون آهن. مجموعو اٺن شعبن: مصري نوادرات؛ مشرقي ويجهو نوادرات؛ يوناني، ايٽروسڪن ۽ رومن نوادرات؛ اسلامي فن؛ مجسمن؛ آرائشي فن؛ مصوري؛ پرنٽ ۽ ڊرائنگ ۾ ورهايل آهي. '''لوور ميوزيم''' ,(Musée du Louvre) لڳ ڀڳ 500,000 شين تي مشتمل آھي ۽ 35,000 کان وڌيڪ اٺ ڪيوريٽوريل شعبن ۾ فن جا ڪم مستقل ڪليڪشن لاءِ وقف ڏيکاري ٿو. لوور ۾ مجسما، آرٽ جون شيون، پينٽنگ، ڊرائنگ ۽ آثار قديمه جون شيون نمائش ڪيون ويون آهن. ڪنهن به وقت، تقريبن 38,000&nbsp;تاريخ کان اڳ واري دور کان وٺي 21 صدي تائين جون شيون {{Convert|72,735|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} جي ايراضيءَ تي نمائش لاءِ رکيون ويون آهن، ان کي دنيا جو سڀ کان وڏو عجائب گھر بڻائي ٿو. سال 2025 ۾ ان کي 90 لک سياح مليا. ان کي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل آرٽ ميوزيم ۽ ڪنهن به درجي جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ دورو ڪيل ميوزيم جي حيثيت ڏني وئي آهي. ==جڳھ ۽ سياح== [[File:Paris - Orthophotographie - 2018 - Palais du Louvre 02.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the [[Tuileries Garden]]s on the left, with the Louvre Palace on the right (2018)]] The Louvre Museum is located inside the Louvre Palace, in the centre of Paris, adjacent to the [[Tuileries Garden]]s. The two nearest [[Paris Metro|Métro]] stations are [[Louvre–Rivoli station|Louvre–Rivoli]] and [[Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre station|Palais Royal–Musée du Louvre]], the latter having a direct underground access to the [[Carrousel du Louvre]] commercial mall.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.louvre.fr/llv/pratique/venir.jsp |title=How to get here |work=Louvre Museum |access-date=28 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921232331/http://www.louvre.fr/llv/pratique/venir.jsp |archive-date=21 September 2008 }}</ref> Before the [[Grand Louvre]] overhaul of the late 1980s and 1990s, the Louvre had several street-level entrances, most of which are now permanently closed. Since 1993, the museum's main entrance has been the underground space under the [[Louvre Pyramid]], or ''Hall Napoléon'', which can be accessed from the Pyramid itself, from the underground Carrousel du Louvre, or (for authorised visitors) from the {{lang|fr|passage Richelieu}} connecting to the nearby [[rue de Rivoli]]. A secondary entrance at the {{lang|fr|Porte des Lions}}, near the western end of the Denon Wing, was created in 1999 but is not permanently open.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menon |first=Lakshmi |date=22 July 2019 |title=Which Louvre Entrance Suits You Best {{!}} All About The 4 Louvre Entrances |url=https://www.headout.com/blog/louvre-entrances/ |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=Headout Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> The museum's entrance conditions have varied over time. Prior to the 1850s, artists and foreign visitors had privileged access. At the time of initial opening in 1793, the [[French Republican calendar]] had imposed ten-day "weeks" ({{langx|fr|link=no|décades}}), the first six days of which were reserved for visits by artists and foreigners and the last three for visits by the general public.{{R|Rosenberg|page=37}} In the early 1800s, after the seven-day week had been reinstated, the general public had only four hours of museum access per week, between 2pm and 4pm on Saturdays and Sundays.<ref name=Malgouyres>{{cite book|author=Philippe Malgouyres |publisher=Réunion des Musées Nationaux |title=Le Musée Napoléon |date=1999}}</ref>{{rp|8}} In 1824, a new regulation allowed public access only on Sundays and holidays; the other days the museum was open only to artists and foreigners, except for closure on Mondays.{{R|Rosenberg|page=39}} That changed in 1855 when the museum became open to the public all days except Mondays.{{R|Rosenberg|page=40}} It was free until 1922, when an entrance fee was introduced except on Sundays.{{R|Rosenberg|page=42}} Since its post-[[World War II]] reopening in 1946,<ref name=Rosenberg>{{cite book|author=Pierre Rosenberg |title=Dictionnaire amoureux du Louvre |publisher=Plon |location=Paris |date=2007}}</ref>{{rp|43}} the Louvre has been closed on Tuesdays, and habitually open to the public the rest of the week except for some holidays. The use of cameras and video recorders is permitted inside, but flash photography is forbidden.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Museum rules |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/visit/museum-rules |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> Beginning in 2012, [[Nintendo 3DS]] portable video game systems were used as the official museum audio guides. The following year, the museum contracted Nintendo to create a 3DS-based audiovisual visitor guide.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=27 November 2013 |title=Nintendo's 3DS Louvre guide released on eShop |language=en-gb |work=[[Eurogamer]] |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-11-27-nintendos-3ds-louvre-guide-released-on-eshop |access-date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=7 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907183929/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-11-27-nintendos-3ds-louvre-guide-released-on-eshop |url-status=live }}</ref> Entitled ''Nintendo 3DS Guide: Louvre'', it contains over 30 hours of audio and over 1,000 photographs of artwork and the museum itself, including 3D views,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Louvre Guide for Nintendo 3DS |url=http://louvreguide.nintendo.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220023445/http://louvreguide.nintendo.com/ |archive-date=20 February 2016 |website=Nintendo}}</ref> and also provides navigation thanks to [[differential GPS]] transmitters installed within the museum.<ref name="netburn">{{Cite news |last=Netburn |first=Deborah |date=16 April 2012 |title=How the Louvre and Nintendo are reinventing the museum audio tour |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-apr-16-la-fi-tn-louvre-nintendo-3ds-audiotour-20120416-story.html |access-date=30 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630211748/https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-apr-16-la-fi-tn-louvre-nintendo-3ds-audiotour-20120416-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The upgraded 2013 Louvre guide was also announced in a special [[Nintendo Direct]] featuring [[Satoru Iwata]] and [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] demonstrating it at the museum,<ref>{{cite AV media |first1=Satoru |last1=Iwata |author-link1=Satoru Iwata |first2=Shigeru |last2=Miyamoto |author-link2=Shigeru Miyamoto |title=Nintendo Direct – Nintendo 3DS Guide: Louvre |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WavLP_3ew-A |type=Video presentation |location=Louvre, Paris|via=[[YouTube]] |publisher=[[Nintendo]] |access-date=9 July 2023 |date=27 November 2013 |language=ja, en}}</ref> and 3DS XLs pre-loaded with the guide are available to rent at the museum.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Warr |first=Philippa |date=2 December 2013 |title=Nintendo 3DS Louvre guide escapes region locking |url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-12/02/louvre-3ds-guide |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425111028/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-12/02/louvre-3ds-guide |archive-date=25 April 2016 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref> The 3DS Louvre guide was scheduled to be retired in September 2025 and will be replaced by a different guide system.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hagues |first=Alana |date=2 May 2025 |title=Louvre Says Au Revoir To Nintendo 3DS Audio Guides |url=https://www.nintendolife.com/news/2025/05/louvre-says-au-revoir-to-nintendo-3ds-audio-guides |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Nintendo Life |language=en-GB}}</ref> ==تاريخ== ===ميوزيم بڻائڻ کان اڳ=== [[File:Donjon chateau louvre.JPG|thumb|وچئين دور جي لوور جا زير زمين حصا اڃا تائين نظر اچن ٿا.<ref name="Mignot">{{cite book| author=Claude Mignot |title=The Pocket Louvre: A Visitor's Guide to 500 Works |publisher=Abbeville Press |location=New York |isbn=0-7892-0578-5 |year=1999 |oclc=40762767 |url=https://archive.org/details/pocketlouvrevisi00mign}}</ref>]] {{Main|لوور محل}} لوور محل، جيڪو هاڻ ميوزيم آهي، 12 هين صدي جي آخر ۾، شهر کي اولهه کان حملي کان بچائڻ لاءِ، بادشاهه فلپ II پاران تعمير ڪرايو ويو هو، ڇاڪاڻ ته فرانس جي اولهائين علائقو، نارمنڊي اڃا تائين انگلينڊ جي بادشاهت جي قبضي هيٺ هو. وچئين دور جي لوور جا باقيات اڃا تائين تهه خاني ۾ نظر اچن ٿا، پر اها ته هي ان جڳهه تي پهرين عمارت هئي؟ اهو معلوم ناهي ۽ اهو ممڪن آهي ته فلپ هڪ اڳيان کان موجود ٽاور کي تبديل ڪيو هجي. "لوور" نالي جي شروعات ڪجهه حد تائين تڪراري آهي. مستند گرينڊ لاروس انسائيڪلوپيڊيا جي مطابق. نالو هڪ بگھڙ جي شڪار جي ڊين سان تعلق مان نڪتل آهي (لاطيني ذريعي: lupus، هيٺين سلطنت: lupara). 7 صدي ۾. برگنڊوفارا (جنهن کي ميوڪس ۾ سينٽ فيئر ايبس پڻ سڏيو ويندو آهي) چيو ويندو آهي ته هن پنهنجي "پيرس جي علائقي ۾ واقع لوورا نالي ولا" جو هڪ حصو هڪ خانقاه کي ڏنو هو. جيتوڻيڪ اهو شڪ آهي ته هي زمين لوور جي موجوده جڳهه سان بلڪل مطابقت رکي ٿي. بهرحال. لساني طور تي اهو لفظ فرانسيسي فعل لوور (ڪرائي ڏيڻ، ڪرائي تي ڏيڻ) مان ڪڍڻ بهتر ٿيندو. ڊو ڪينج جي وچئين دور جي لاطيني لغت جي مطابق، وچئين دور جي فرانس ۾ لووگيم هڪ قسم جي فيس يا ڪرائي هئي جيڪا ڪنهن شيءِ جي استعمال لاءِ ادا ڪئي ويندي هئي. * لوور محل پنهنجي تعمير کان وٺي ڪيترن ئي مرمتن جي تابع رهيو آهي. 14 صدي ۾. چارلس پنجون عمارت کي ان جي فوجي ڪردار کان رهائش ۾ تبديل ڪيو. 1546 ۾. فرانسس پهرين ان جي تعمير فرانسيسي نشاۃِ ثانيه جي انداز ۾ شروع ڪئي. لوئس XIV پاران 1682 ۾ ورسائي کي پنهنجي رهائش جي طور تي چونڊڻ کان پوءِ. تعميراتي ڪم سست ٿي ويا. پيرس کان شاهي منتقلي جي نتيجي ۾ لوور کي فنڪارن جي رهائش جي طور تي استعمال ڪيو ويو (شاهي سرپرستي هيٺ). مثال طور. بول خاندان جي ڪاريگرن-فنڪارن جي چئن نسلن کي شاهي سرپرستي ڏني وئي. ۽ لوور ۾ رهائش پذير ٿيا. * انهي دوران. لوور جا مجموعا فرانس جي بادشاهن پاران پينٽنگز ۽ ٻين فن پارن جي حاصلات مان شروع ٿيا. فونٽينيبليو جي محل ۾. فرانسس آرٽ گڏ ڪيو. جيڪو بعد ۾ لوور جي آرٽ ڪليڪشن جو حصو بڻيو. Louvre Palace, which houses the museum, was begun by [[Philip II of France|King Philip II]] in the late 12th century to protect the city from the attack from the west, as the [[Kingdom of England]] still held [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]] at the time. Remnants of the [[Medieval Louvre]] are still visible in the crypt. Whether this was the first building on that spot is not known, and it is possible that Philip modified an existing tower.<ref name="Edwards" /> The origins of the name "Louvre" are somewhat disputed. According to the authoritative ''[[Grand Larousse encyclopédique]]'', the name derives from an association with a [[wolf hunting]] den (via Latin: ''lupus'', lower Empire: ''lupara'').<ref name="Edwards">Edwards,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;193–94</ref><ref>In Larousse ''Nouveau Dictionnaire étymologique et historique'', Librairie Larousse, Paris, 1971, p. 430: ***'''loup''' 1080, Roland (''leu'', forme conservée dans ''à la queue leu leu'', ''Saint Leu'', etc.); du lat. lupus; loup est refait sur le fém. louve, où le *v* a empêché le passage du *ou* à *eu* (cf. Louvre, du lat. pop. lupara)*** the etymology of the word ''louvre'' is from ''lupara'', feminine (pop. Latin) form of ''lupus''.</ref> In the 7th century, [[Burgundofara]] (also known as Saint Fare), abbess in Meaux, is said to have given part of her "Villa called Luvra situated in the region of Paris" to a monastery,<ref>In Lebeuf (Abbé), Fernand Bournon, ''Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris par l'abbé Lebeuf'', Vol. 2, Paris: Féchoz et Letouzey, 1883, p. 296: "Louvre".</ref> even though it is doubtful that this land corresponded exactly to the present site of the Louvre. However, linguistically it would be sounder to derive the word from the French verb ''louer'' (to let, rent), with the Old French noun-building suffix ''-re'' appended (like in ''oeuvre'', ''genre'', ''ogre'', ''bougre'' etc.), signifying something which is let or rented. According to DuCange's medieval Latin glossary, ''louvagium'' in medieval France was a kind of fee or rent paid for the use of something. The Louvre Palace has been subject to numerous renovations since its construction. In the 14th&nbsp;century, [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] converted the building from its military role into a residence. In 1546, [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] started its rebuilding in [[French Renaissance architecture|French Renaissance]] style.<ref name="Edwards198">Edwards,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;198</ref> After Louis XIV chose Versailles as his residence in 1682, construction works slowed to a halt. The royal move away from Paris resulted in the Louvre being used as a residence for artists, under Royal patronage.<ref name="Edwards198" />{{R|Mignot|page=42}}<ref>Nore,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;274</ref> For example, four generations of craftsmen-artists from the Boulle family were granted Royal patronage and resided in the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean Philippe Boulle, Son of André-Charles Boulle |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O185910/design-for-a-boulle-jean-philippe/ |date=21 July 2019 |publisher=V&A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Death of André-Charles Boulle |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k63480935/f148.image.r=Boulle?rk=128756;0 |date=March 1732 |publisher=Mercure de France}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Masters of marquetry in the 17th century: Boulle |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |publisher=Khanacademy |access-date=30 November 2017 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308163544/https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/getty-museum/getty-decorative-arts/a/masters-of-marquetry-in-the-17th-century-boulle |url-status=dead }}</ref> Meanwhile, the collections of the Louvre originated in the acquisitions of paintings and other artworks by the monarchs of the [[House of France]]. At the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]], Francis collected art that would later be part of the Louvre's art collections, including [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]''. The Cabinet du Roi consisted of seven rooms west of the Galerie d'Apollon on the upper floor of the remodelled Petite Galerie. Many of the king's paintings were placed in these rooms in 1673, when it became an art gallery, accessible to certain art lovers as a kind of museum. In 1681, after the court moved to Versailles, 26 of the paintings were transferred there, somewhat diminishing the collection, but it is mentioned in Paris guide books from 1684 on, and was shown to ambassadors from [[Siam]] in 1686.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert W. Berger |date=1999 |title=Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |pages=83–86}}</ref> By the mid-18th&nbsp;century there were proposals to create a public gallery in the Louvre. Art critic [[Étienne La Font de Saint-Yenne]] in 1747 published a call for a display of the royal collection. On 14 October 1750, [[Louis XV]] decided on a display of 96 pieces from the royal collection, mounted in the Galerie royale de peinture of the [[Luxembourg Palace]]. A hall was opened by [[Charles François Paul Le Normant de Tournehem|Le Normant de Tournehem]] and the [[Abel François Poisson|Marquis de Marigny]] for public viewing of the "king's paintings" (''Tableaux du Roy'') on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The Luxembourg gallery included [[Andrea del Sarto]]'s ''Charity'' and works by [[Raphael]]; [[Titian]]; [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]; [[Rembrandt]]; [[Nicolas Poussin|Poussin]] or [[Anthony van Dyck|Van Dyck]]. It closed in 1780 as a result of the royal gift of the Luxembourg palace to the Count of Provence (the future king, [[Louis XVIII]]) by the king in 1778.<ref name="Nora 278" /> Under [[Louis XVI]], the idea of a royal museum in the Louvre came closer to fruition.<ref name="Carb 56">Carbonell, p.&nbsp;56</ref> The [[Charles-Claude Flahaut de la Billaderie, comte d'Angiviller|comte d'Angiviller]] broadened the collection and in 1776 proposed to convert the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} of the Louvre – which at that time contained the ''[[Musée des Plans-Reliefs|plans-reliefs]]'' or 3D models of key fortified sites in and around France – into the "French Museum". Many design proposals were offered for the Louvre's renovation into a museum, without a final decision being made on them. Hence the museum remained incomplete until the French Revolution.<ref name="Nora 278" /> {{clear}} === Revolutionary opening === The Louvre finally became a public museum during the French Revolution. In May 1791, the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] declared that the Louvre would be "a place for bringing together monuments of all the sciences and arts".<ref name="Nora 278"/> On 10 August 1792, [[Louis XVI]] was imprisoned and the royal collection in the Louvre became national property. Because of fear of vandalism or theft, on 19 August, the National Assembly pronounced the museum's preparation urgent. In October, a committee to "preserve the national memory" began assembling the collection for display.<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;21–22</ref> [[File:Amor-Psyche-Canova-JBU02.JPG|thumb|right|[[Antonio Canova]]'s ''[[Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss]]'' was commissioned in 1787 and donated in 1824.<ref name="French">{{Cite web |title=French Sculpture 1800–1825, Canova |url=http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |last1=Monaghan |first1=Sean M. |last2=Rodgers, Michael |year=2000 |website=19th Century Paris Project |publisher=School of Art and Design, San Jose State University |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420173109/http://gallery.sjsu.edu/paris/the_academy/canova.htm |archive-date=20 April 2008 |access-date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>]] The museum opened on 10 August 1793, the first anniversary of the monarchy's demise, as ''Muséum central des Arts de la République''. The public was given free access on three days per week, which was "perceived as a major accomplishment and was generally appreciated".<ref>Oliver,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;35</ref> The collection showcased 537&nbsp;paintings and 184&nbsp;objects of art. Three-quarters were derived from the royal collections, the remainder from confiscated [[émigrés]] and [[Roman Catholic Church|Church]] property (''[[biens nationaux]]'').<ref name="Alex 24" />{{R|Mignot|page=68-69}} To expand and organise the collection, the Republic dedicated 100,000&nbsp;[[Livre tournois|livres]] per year.<ref name="Nora 278">Nora,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;278</ref> In 1794, France's revolutionary armies began bringing pieces from Northern Europe, augmented after the [[Treaty of Tolentino]] (1797) by works from the Vatican, such as the ''[[Laocoön and His Sons|Laocoön]]'' and ''[[Apollo Belvedere]]'', to establish the Louvre as a museum and as a "sign of popular sovereignty".<ref name="Alex 24" /><ref>McClellan,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;7</ref> [[Bertrand Clauzel]] then chief of staff to [[Emmanuel de Grouchy, marquis de Grouchy|Emmanuel de Grouchy]], serving in the [[Army of Italy (France)|Army of Italy]], negotiated the [[abdication]] of the [[Charles Emmanuel IV|King of Sardinia]] in December 1798 from his mainland territories. To secure the agreement Clauzel returned with [[the Woman with Dropsy]], a painting by the Dutch master [[Gerrit Dou|Gerard Dou]]. Clauzel would donate it to the Louvre, making it the first donation in the museum's history.<ref name=":7">{{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=4 September 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Botta|first=Carlo|title=Storie d'Italia dall'anno 1789 all'anno 1814, Volume Terzo|publisher=Giovani Silvestri|year=1844|location=Milan|pages=298–299|language=It|trans-title=Stories of Italy from 1789 to 1814, Volume Three}}</ref><ref>Louvre collection, catalogue - {{Citation |last1=Dou|first1=Gerard|title=La Femme hydropique|date=1663|url=https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010063545|access-date=22 November 2025|last2=Pays-Bas}}</ref> The early days were hectic. Privileged artists continued to live in residence, and the unlabelled paintings hung "frame to frame from floor to ceiling".<ref name="Alex 24">Alderson,&nbsp; pp. 24,&nbsp;25</ref> The museum closed in May 1796 due to structural deficiencies. It reopened on [[Bastille Day|14 July]] 1801, arranged chronologically and with new lighting and columns.<ref name="Alex 24" /> On 15 August 1797, the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] was opened with an exhibition of drawings. Meanwhile, the Louvre's Gallery of Antiquity sculpture (''musée des Antiques''), with artefacts brought from Florence and the Vatican, had opened in November 1800 in [[Anne of Austria]]'s former summer apartment, located on the ground floor just below the Galerie d'Apollon. === {{anchor|Musée Napoléon|Napoleon I}}Napoleonic era === {{see also|Napoleonic looting of art}} On 19 November 1802, Napoleon appointed [[Vivant Denon]], a scholar and polymath who had participated in the [[French Invasion of Egypt (1798)|Egyptian campaign]] of 1798–1801, as the museum's first director, in preference to alternative contenders such as antiquarian [[Ennio Quirino Visconti]], painter [[Jacques-Louis David]], sculptor [[Antonio Canova]] and architects [[Léon Dufourny]] or [[Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine|Pierre Fontaine]].<ref>{{citation|journal=Grande Galerie – le Journal du Louvre |volume=55 |date=Summer 2021 |author=Vivien Richard |title=Quand Bonaparte nomme Denon |page=74}}</ref> On Denon's suggestion in July 1803, the museum itself was renamed ''Musée Napoléon''.<ref name=GBB>{{cite book|author=Geneviève Bresc |title=Mémoires du Louvre |publisher=Gallimard |date=1989 |location=Paris}}</ref>{{rp|79}} The collection grew through successful military campaigns.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} Acquisitions were made of Spanish, Austrian, Dutch, and Italian works, either as the result of [[war looting]] or formalised by treaties such as the [[Treaty of Tolentino]].<ref name="Alderson 25" /> At the end of Napoleon's First Italian Campaign in 1797, the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] was signed with [[Count Philipp von Cobenzl]] of the [[Austrian Monarchy]]. This treaty marked the completion of Napoleon's conquest of Italy and the end of the first phase of the [[French Revolutionary Wars]]. It compelled Italian cities to contribute pieces of art and heritage to Napoleon's "parades of spoils" through Paris before being put into the Louvre Museum.<ref name="Plant, p. 36">Plant, p. 36</ref> The [[Horses of Saint Mark]], which had adorned the basilica of San Marco in Venice after the sack of [[Constantinople]] in 1204, were brought to Paris where they were placed atop Napoleon's [[Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel]] in 1797.<ref name="Plant, p. 36" /> Under the Treaty of Tolentino, the two statues of the Nile and Tiber were taken to Paris from the Vatican in 1797, and were both kept in the Louvre until 1815. (The Nile was later returned to Rome,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Swetnam-Burland |first=Molly |date=2009 |title=Egypt Embodied: The Vatican Nile |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=113 |issue=3 |page=440 |doi=10.3764/aja.113.3.439 |jstor=20627596|s2cid=191377908 }}</ref> whereas the Tiber has remained in the Louvre to this day.) The despoilment of Italian churches and palaces outraged the Italians and their artistic and cultural sensibilities.<ref>Popkin, p. 88</ref> After the French defeat at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]], the looted works' former owners sought their return. The Louvre's administrator, Denon, was loath to comply in absence of a treaty of restitution. In response, foreign states sent emissaries to London to seek help, and many pieces were returned, though far from all.<ref name="Alderson 25">Alderson,&nbsp;p. 25</ref>{{R|Mignot|page=69}}<ref>For example, [[Andrea Mantegna|Mantegna]]'s ''Calvary'', [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''The Wedding at Cana|The Marriage of Cana'', and Rogier van der Weyden's ''Annunciation'' were not returned.</ref> In 1815 [[Louis XVIII]] finally concluded agreements with the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] government<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Paolo Veronese |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59chAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA741 |magazine=The Gentleman's Magazine |year = 1867|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith |issue=December 1867 |page=741}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Johns |first=Christopher M. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYponZ9FFGIC&pg=PA190 |title=Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0520212015 |page=190}}</ref> for the keeping of works such as Veronese's ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' which was exchanged for a large [[Charles Le Brun|Le Brun]] or the repurchase of the [[Alessandro Albani|Albani]] collection. {{clear}} === From 1815 to 1852 === [[File:MG-Paris-Aphrodite of Milos edited.jpg|right|thumb|upright|The ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' was added to the Louvre's collection during the reign of [[Louis XVIII]].]] For most of the 19th century, from [[Napoleon]]'s time to the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]], the Louvre and other national museums were managed under the monarch's [[civil list]] and thus depended much on the ruler's personal involvement. Whereas the most iconic collection remained that of paintings in the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}, a number of other initiatives mushroomed in the vast building, named as if they were separate museums even though they were generally managed under the same administrative umbrella. Correspondingly, the museum complex was often referred to in the plural ("{{lang|fr|les musées du Louvre}}") rather than singular.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marcy |first1=Pierre |title=Guide populaire dans les Musées du Louvre |date=1867 |publisher=Librairie du Petit Journal |location=Paris |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGcEAAAAYAAJ |access-date=14 June 2024}}</ref> During the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] (1814–1830), [[Louis XVIII]] and [[Charles X of France|Charles X]] added to the collections. The Greek and Roman sculpture gallery on the ground floor of the southwestern side of the [[Cour Carrée]] was completed on designs by [[Percier and Fontaine]]. In 1819 an exhibition of manufactured products was opened in the first floor of the Cour Carrée's southern wing and would stay there until the mid-1820s.{{R|GBB|page=87}} Charles X in 1826 created the {{lang|fr|Musée Égyptien}} and in 1827 included it in his broader {{lang|fr|Musée Charles X}}, a new section of the museum complex located in a suite of lavishly decorated rooms on the first floor of the South Wing of the Cour Carrée. The Egyptian collection, initially curated by [[Jean-François Champollion]], formed the basis for what is now the Louvre's [[Department of Egyptian Antiquities of the Louvre|Department of Egyptian Antiquities]]. It was formed from the purchased collections of [[Edmé-Antoine Durand]], [[Henry Salt (Egyptologist)|Henry Salt]] and the second collection of [[Bernardino Drovetti]] (the first one having been purchased by [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]] to form the core of the present [[Museo Egizio]] in [[Turin]]). The Restoration period also saw the opening in 1824 of the {{lang|fr|Galerie d'Angoulême}}, a section of largely French sculptures on the ground floor of the Northwestern side of the Cour Carrée, many of whose artifacts came from the [[Palace of Versailles]] and from Alexandre Lenoir's [[Musée des Monuments français (1795-1816)|Musée des Monuments Français]] following its closure in 1816. Meanwhile, the [[French Navy]] created an exhibition of ship models in the Louvre in December 1827, initially named {{lang|fr|musée dauphin}} in honour of [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Dauphin Louis Antoine]],<ref>{{cite conference|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/acths_1764-7355_2008_act_130_4_1468 |book-title=Le rôle des voyages dans la constitution des collections ethnographiques, historiques et scientifiques. Actes du 130e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « Voyages et voyageurs », La Rochelle, 2005 |title=Les collections chinoises et japonaises du musée de la Marine avant 1878 : un cas marginal pour l'ethnographie ? |author=Geneviève Lacambre |location=Paris |publisher=Editions du CTHS |date=2008 |pages=94–109 }}</ref> building on an 18th-century initiative of [[Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau]]. This collection, renamed {{lang|fr|musée naval}} in 1833 and later to develop into the [[Musée national de la Marine]], was initially located on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's North Wing, and in 1838 moved up one level to the 2nd-floor [[attic]], where it remained for more than a century.<ref name=Marine>{{citation|journal=Artefact |title=Le musée de Marine du Louvre : un musée des techniques ? |author=Géraldine Barron |date=April 2021|volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=143–162 |doi=10.4000/artefact.695 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" caption="Rooms of the Musée Charles X"> File:Dernière salle des antiquités égyptiennes (Louvre).jpg|First room File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 27 and others.jpg|Room&nbsp;27 File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre - Room 29 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;29 File:Salles des colonnes du Louvre, vue vers l'ouest.jpg|Salle des Colonnes File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 35 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;35 File:Room 36 of the Greek antiquities in the Louvre.jpg|Room&nbsp;36 File:Greek antiquities in the Louvre - Room 38 D201903.jpg|Room&nbsp;38 </gallery> {{multiple image|align=right |total_width=350|image1=Salon Carré Ceiling.jpg |image2=Palais du Louvre - Salle des Sept-Cheminées -1.JPG |footer=Ceiling decorations designed by [[Félix Duban]] in the [[Salon Carré]] (left) and {{lang|fr|Salle des Sept-Cheminées}} (right), late 1840s}} [[File:Giuseppe Castiglione - View of the Grand Salon Carré in the Louvre - WGA4552.jpg|thumb|300px|The display in the [[Salon Carré]], painted by [[Giuseppe Castiglione (1829–1908)|Giuseppe Castiglione]] in 1861 following its repurposing of the late 1840s [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]]'s ''[[The Wedding at Cana (Veronese)|Wedding at Cana]]'' is visible on the left, and his ''Supper in the House of Simon'' (now at the [[Palace of Versailles]]) is on the right.]] Following the [[July Revolution]], [[Louis Philippe I|King Louis Philippe]] focused his interest on the repurposing of the [[Palace of Versailles]] into a [[Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)|Museum of French History]] conceived as a project of national reconciliation, and the Louvre was kept in comparative neglect. Louis-Philippe did, however, sponsor the creation of the {{lang|fr|musée assyrien}} to host the monumental [[Assyrian sculpture]] works brought to Paris by [[Paul-Émile Botta]], in the ground-floor gallery north of the eastern entrance of the Cour Carrée. The Assyrian Museum opened on 1 May 1847.<ref>{{cite web|website=Grands sites archéologiques: Khorsabad |title=The opening of the Assyrian museum at the Louvre |url=https://archeologie.culture.fr/khorsabad/en/opening-assyrian-museum-louvre}}</ref> Separately, Louis-Philippe had his [[Spanish gallery]] displayed in the Louvre from 7 January 1838, in five rooms on the first floor of the Cour Carrée's East ([[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]]) Wing,<ref>{{citation|title=La galerie espagnole de Louis-Philippe au Louvre: 1838–1848 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371348d.texteImage |author1=Jeannine Baticle |author2=Cristina Marinas |publisher=Réunion des musées nationaux |location=Paris |date=1981}}</ref> but the collection remained his personal property. As a consequence, the works were removed after Louis-Philippe was deposed in 1848, and were eventually auctioned away in 1853. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] had more ambitions for the Louvre. It initiated repair work, the completion of the [[Galerie d'Apollon]] and of the {{lang|fr|salle des sept-cheminées}}, and the overhaul of the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}} (former site of the iconic yearly [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]]) and of the Grande Galerie.{{R|Mignot|page=52}} In 1848, the Naval Museum in the Cour Carrée's attic was brought under the common Louvre Museum management,<ref name=Marine/> a change which was again reversed in 1920. In 1850 under the leadership of curator [[Adrien Prévost de Longpérier|Adrien de Longpérier]], the [[musée mexicain]] opened within the Louvre as the first European museum dedicated to [[pre-Columbian art]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metropolitan Museum Journal, v. 56 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/met-publications/the-metropolitan-museum-journal-volume-56-2021 |access-date=14 June 2024 |website=www.metmuseum.org |language=en}}</ref> === Second Empire === {{Main|Napoleon III's Louvre expansion}} The rule of [[Napoleon III]] was transformational for the Louvre, both the building and the museum. In 1852, he created the [[Musée des Souverains]] in the [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade Wing]], an ideological project aimed at buttressing his personal legitimacy. In 1861, he bought 11,835&nbsp;artworks including 641 paintings, Greek gold and other antiquities of the [[Campana collection]]. For its display, he created another new section within the Louvre named {{lang|fr|Musée Napoléon III}}, occupying a number of rooms in various parts of the building. Between 1852 and 1870, the museum added 20,000&nbsp;new artefacts to its collections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Louvre? {{!}} Hobble Creek |url=https://hobblecreek.us/blog/entry/what-is-the-louvre |access-date=9 December 2022 |website=hobblecreek.us}}</ref> The main change of that period was to the building itself. In the 1850s architects [[Louis Visconti]] and [[Hector Lefuel]] created massive new spaces around what is now called the [[Cour Napoléon]], some of which (in the South Wing, now Aile Denon) went to the museum.{{R|Mignot|page=52-54}} In the 1860s, Lefuel also led the creation of the {{lang|fr|pavillon des Sessions}} with a new {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}} closer to Napoleon III's residence in the [[Tuileries Palace]], with the effect of shortening the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} by about a third of its previous length. A smaller but significant Second Empire project was the decoration of the {{lang|fr|salle des Empereurs}} below the [[Salon carré]].{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed"> File:Musée Napoléon III.jpg|Entrance to a section of the ''Musée Napoléon&nbsp;III'' from the ''salle des séances'', then a double-height space File:Galerie Daru - Musée du Louvre.jpg|''Galerie Daru'', part of the New Louvre building program under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Paris - Musée du Louvre (30612872064).jpg|''Salle Daru'' above the ''galerie Daru'', also created under Napoleon&nbsp;III File:Escalier Mollien in 2010 (1).jpg|''Escalier Mollien'' in the New Louvre File:P1080712 Louvre salle romaine rwk.JPG|''Salle des Empereurs'' </gallery> {{clear}} === From 1870 to 1981 === [[File:Plaques honoring the defenders of the Louvre in May 1871.jpg|thumb|Memorial plaques honouring the Louvre's defenders in May 1871]] The Louvre narrowly escaped serious damage during the suppression of the [[Paris Commune]]. On 23 May 1871, as the French Army advanced into Paris, a force of ''Communards'' led by {{ill|Jules Bergeret|fr}} set fire to the adjoining [[Tuileries Palace]]. The fire burned for forty-eight hours, entirely destroying the interior of the Tuileries and spreading to the north west wing of the museum next to it. The emperor's Louvre library (''Bibliothèque du Louvre'') and some of the adjoining halls, in what is now the Richelieu Wing, were separately destroyed. But the museum was saved by the efforts of Paris firemen and museum employees led by curator [[Henry Barbet de Jouy]].<ref>{{cite book|author=René Heron de Villefosse |title=Histoire de Paris |publisher=Bernard Grasset |date=1959}}</ref> Following the end of the monarchy, several spaces in the Louvre's South Wing went to the museum. The Salle du Manège was transferred to the museum in 1879, and in 1928 became its main entrance lobby.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Point |date=16 May 2015 |author1=Frédéric Lewino |author2=Anne-Sophie Jahn |title=Visite interdite du Louvre #4 : la magnifique rampe en fer à cheval de la cour des Écuries |url=https://www.lepoint.fr/culture/visite-interdite-du-louvre-4-la-magnifique-rampe-en-fer-a-cheval-de-la-cour-des-ecuries-16-05-2015-1928803_3.php}}</ref> The large Salle des Etats that had been created by Lefuel between the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}} and Pavillon Denon was redecorated in 1886 by {{ill|Edmond Guillaume|fr}}, Lefuel's successor as architect of the Louvre, and opened as a spacious exhibition room.<ref>{{cite web|website=INHA Institut national d'histoire de l'art |title=Guillaume, Edmond (24 juin 1826, Valenciennes – 20 juillet 1894, Paris) |url=https://www.inha.fr/fr/ressources/publications/publications-numeriques/dictionnaire-critique-des-historiens-de-l-art/guillaume-edmond.html |date=9 February 2010 |author=Olivia Tolede}}</ref><ref name=Bresc>{{cite book |author=Geneviève Bresc-Bautier |title=The Louvre, a Tale of a Palace |date=2008 |publisher=Louvre éditions |location=Paris |url=http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306033021/http://editions.louvre.fr/en/titles/visit-the-louvre/history-of-the-palace/the-louvre-a-tale-of-a-palace.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Edomond Guillaume also decorated the first-floor room at the northwest corner of the [[Cour Carrée]], on the ceiling of which he placed in 1890 a monumental painting by [[Carolus-Duran]], ''The Triumph of [[Marie de' Medici]]'' originally created in 1879 for the [[Luxembourg Palace]].<ref name=Bresc/> [[File:Daru staircase Louvre 2007 05 13.jpg|thumb|The Louvre's monumental [[Escalier Daru]], topped by the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', took its current appearance in the early 1930s.]] Meanwhile, during the [[Third French Republic|Third Republic]] (1870–1940) the Louvre acquired new artefacts mainly via donations, gifts, and sharing arrangements on excavations abroad. The 583-item {{lang|fr|Collection La Caze}}, donated in 1869 by [[Louis La Caze]], included works by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin|Chardin]]; [[Alexandre-Évariste Fragonard|Fragonard]], [[Rembrandt]] and [[Jean-Antoine Watteau|Watteau]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} In 1883, the ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'', which had been found in the Aegean Sea in 1863, was prominently displayed as the focal point of the [[Escalier Daru]].{{R|Mignot|page=70-71}} Major artefacts excavated at [[Susa]] in Iran, including the massive ''Apadana capital'' and glazed brick decoration from the [[Palace of Darius in Susa|Palace of Darius]] there, accrued to the Oriental (Near Eastern) Antiquities Department in the 1880s. The [[Société des amis du Louvre]] was established in 1897 and donated prominent works, such as the ''[[Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon]]''. The expansion of the museum and its collections slowed after World War I, however, despite some prominent acquisitions such as [[Georges de La Tour]]'s ''Saint Thomas'' and [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]]'s 1935 donation of 4,000&nbsp;prints, 3,000&nbsp;drawings, and 500&nbsp;illustrated books. From the late 19th century, the Louvre gradually veered away from its mid-century ambition of universality to become a more focused museum of French, Western and Near Eastern art, covering a space ranging from [[Iran]] to the Atlantic. The collections of the Louvre's [[musée mexicain]] were transferred to the [[Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro]] in 1887. As the {{lang|fr|[[Musée national de la Marine|Musée de Marine]]}} was increasingly constrained to display its core naval-themed collections in the limited space it had in the second-floor [[attic]] of the northern half of the Cour Carrée, many of its significant holdings of non-Western artefacts were transferred in 1905 to the Trocadéro ethnography museum, the [[National Archaeological Museum, France|National Antiquities Museum]] in [[Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], and the [[Chinese Museum (Fontainebleau)|Chinese Museum]] in the [[Palace of Fontainebleau]].<ref>{{cite book|date=1906 |author=Max Charles Emmanuel Champion de Nansouty |title=Actualites scientifiques, Volume 3 |page=282}}</ref> The Musée de Marine itself was relocated to the [[Palais de Chaillot]] in 1943. The Louvre's extensive collections of [[Asian art]] were moved to the [[Guimet Museum]] in 1945. Nevertheless, the Louvre's first gallery of [[Islamic art]] opened in 1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Islamic Art – The Cour Visconti |url=https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/an-introduction-to-islamic-art |access-date=17 January 2024 |website=Le Louvre |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-L15196, Paris, Besuch Gerd v. Rundstedt im Louvre.jpg|thumb|Generalfeldmarschall [[Gerd von Rundstedt]] is seen with a plaster model of the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'',<ref>''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=L0oEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40&q=%22the%20venus%20de%20milo%20now%20replaced%20by%20a%20plaster%20model%22 (4 November 1940), p. 39].</ref> while visiting the Louvre with the curator Alfred Merlin on 7 October 1940.]] [[File:Meuble de type borne dans la grande galerie du Louvre.jpg|thumb|Seating designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] in the late 1960s, {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}]] [[File:Salon Carré D201805 2.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}}'s 1972 museography for the [[Salon Carré]], with "dos-à-dos" seat designed in 1967 by [[Pierre Paulin]]]] In the late 1920s, Louvre Director [[Henri Verne]] devised a master plan for the rationalisation of the museum's exhibitions, which was partly implemented in the following decade. In 1932–1934, Louvre architects {{ill|Camille Lefèvre (architect)|lt=Camille Lefèvre|fr|Camille Lefèvre (architecte)}} and Albert Ferran redesigned the [[Escalier Daru]] to its current appearance. The {{lang|fr|Cour du Sphinx}} in the South Wing was covered by a glass roof in 1934. Decorative arts exhibits were expanded in the first floor of the North Wing of the [[Cour Carrée]], including some of France's first [[period room]] displays. In the late 1930s, The La Caze donation was moved to a remodelled {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}} above the {{lang|fr|salle des Caryatides}}, with reduced height to create more rooms on the second floor and a sober interior design by Albert Ferran.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} During [[World War II]], the Louvre conducted an elaborate plan of [[Evacuation of the Louvre museum art collection during World War II|evacuation of its art collection]]. When Germany occupied the [[Sudetenland]], many important artworks such as the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' were temporarily moved to the [[Château de Chambord]]. When war was formally declared a year later, most of the museum's paintings were sent there as well. Select sculptures such as ''[[Winged Victory of Samothrace]]'' and the ''[[Venus de Milo]]'' were sent to the [[Château de Valençay]].<ref>Alan Riding, ''And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris''. Alfred A Knopf, New York: 2010. p. 34.</ref> On 27 August 1939, after two days of packing, truck convoys began to leave Paris. By 28 December, the museum was cleared of most works, except those that were too heavy and "unimportant paintings [that] were left in the basement".<ref>Matila Simon, "The battle of the Louvre;: The struggle to save French art in World War II". Hawthorn Books, 1971. p. 23.</ref> In early 1945, after the liberation of France, art began returning to the Louvre.<ref>Simon,&nbsp;p.&nbsp;177</ref> New arrangements after the war revealed the further evolution of taste away from the lavish decorative practices of the late 19th century. In 1947, Edmond Guillaume's ceiling ornaments were removed from the {{lang|fr|Salle des Etats}},<ref name=Bresc/> where the ''Mona Lisa'' was first displayed in 1966.<ref>{{cite web |website=Louvre |author=Vincent Delieuvin |title=Les accrochages de la Joconde de 1797 à nos jour |url=https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501030432/https://focus.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/louvre-les-accrochages-joconde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Around 1950, Louvre architect {{ill|Jean-Jacques Haffner|fr}} streamlined the interior decoration of the {{lang|fr|[[Grande Galerie]]|italic=no}}.<ref name=Bresc/> In 1953, a new ceiling by [[Georges Braque]] was inaugurated in the {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}, next to the {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}.<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|website=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-mar-27-la-et-louvre-twombly27-2010mar27-story.html |title=Hitting the Louvre ceiling |author=Devorah Lauter |date=27 March 2010}}</ref> In the late 1960s, seats designed by [[Pierre Paulin]] were installed in the {{lang|fr|Grande Galerie|italic=no}}.<ref>{{cite web|website=Elle Decor |title=Pierre Paulin, the man who made design an art |author=Rita Salerno |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a27734656/pierre-paulin-biography-works/}}</ref> In 1972, the {{lang|fr|[[Salon Carré]]}}'s museography was remade with lighting from a hung tubular case, designed by Louvre architect {{ill|Marc Saltet|fr}} with assistance from designers {{ill|André Monpoix|fr}}, [[Joseph-André Motte]] and Paulin.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Monde |title=Le "salon Carré", prestigieux vestibule à la Grande Galerie |author=Michel Conil Lacoste |date=9 February 1972 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1972/02/09/le-salon-carre-prestigieux-vestibule-a-la-grande-galerie_2381391_1819218.html}}</ref> In 1961, the Finance Ministry accepted to leave the [[Pavillon de Flore]] at the southwestern end of the Louvre building, as Verne had recommended in his 1920s plan. New exhibition spaces of sculptures (ground floor) and paintings (first floor) opened there later in the 1960s, on a design by government architect Olivier Lahalle.<ref>{{cite web|website=Le Figaro |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/histoire/2014/12/04/26001-20141204ARTFIG00203-1964-le-louvre-sera-le-plus-beau-musee-du-monde.php |title=1964 : Le Louvre sera le plus beau musée du monde |author=Pierre Mazars |date=18 November 1964}}</ref> === Grand Louvre === {{Main|Grand Louvre}} In 1981, French President [[François Mitterrand]] proposed, as one of his [[Grands Projets of François Mitterrand|Grands Projets]], the Grand Louvre plan to relocate the [[Ministry of the Economy and Finance (France)|Finance Ministry]], until then housed in the North Wing of the Louvre, and thus devote almost the entire Louvre building (except its northwestern tip, which houses the separate [[Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris|Musée des Arts Décoratifs]]) to the museum which would be correspondingly restructured. In 1984 [[I. M. Pei]], the architect personally selected by Mitterrand, proposed a master plan including an underground entrance space accessed through a [[Louvre Pyramid|glass pyramid]] in the Louvre's central ''Cour Napoléon''.{{R|Mignot|page=66}} The open spaces surrounding the pyramid were inaugurated on 15 October 1988, and its underground lobby was opened on 30 March 1989. New galleries of early modern French paintings on the 2nd floor of the [[Cour Carrée]], for which the planning had started before the ''Grand Louvre'', also opened in 1989. Further rooms in the same sequence, designed by [[Italo Rota]], opened on 15 December 1992.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} On 18 November 1993, Mitterrand inaugurated the next major phase of the Grand Louvre plan: the renovated North (Richelieu) Wing in the former Finance Ministry site, the museum's largest single expansion in its entire history, designed by Pei, his French associate Michel Macary, and [[Jean-Michel Wilmotte]]. Further underground spaces known as the [[Carrousel du Louvre]], centred on the [[Louvre Inverted Pyramid|Inverted Pyramid]] and designed by Pei and Macary, had opened in October 1993. Other refurbished galleries, of Italian sculptures and Egyptian antiquities, opened in 1994. The third and last main phase of the plan unfolded mainly in 1997, with new renovated rooms in the Sully and Denon wings. A new entrance at the ''porte des Lions'' opened in 1998, leading on the first floor to new rooms of Spanish paintings.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}} As of 2002, the Louvre's visitor count had doubled from its pre-Grand-Louvre levels.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web | url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/02_24/b3787627.htm | date=17 June 2002 | title=Online Extra: Q&A with the Louvre's Henri Loyrette | work=Business Week Online | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210154237/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2002-06-16/online-extra-q-and-a-with-the-louvres-henri-loyrette | archive-date=10 December 2013| access-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> File:Louvre Courtyard, Looking West.jpg|The Napoleon Courtyard and Ieoh Ming Pei's [[Louvre Pyramid|pyramid]] in its centre, at dusk File:Paris July 2011-27a.jpg|The Louvre Palace and the pyramid (by day) </gallery> === 21st century === President [[Jacques Chirac]], who had succeeded Mitterrand in 1995, insisted on the return of non-Western art to the Louvre, upon a recommendation from his friend the art collector and dealer {{ill|Jacques Kerchache|fr}}. On his initiative, a selection of highlights from the collections of what would become the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac]] was installed on the ground floor of the {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}} and opened in 2000, six years ahead of the Musée du Quai Branly itself. The main other initiative in the aftermath of the Grand Louvre project was Chirac's decision to create a new department of Islamic Art, by executive order of 1 August 2003, and to move the corresponding collections from their prior underground location in the Richelieu Wing to a more prominent site in the Denon Wing. That new section opened on 22 September 2012, together with collections from the Roman-era Eastern Mediterranean, with financial support from the [[Alwaleed Philanthropies|Al Waleed bin Talal Foundation]] and on a design by [[Mario Bellini]] and [[Rudy Ricciotti]].<ref name="Islamic art, covered">Gareth Harris (13 September 2012), [https://www.ft.com/content/ad9c2ff2-f5bf-11e1-bf76-00144feabdc0 Islamic art, covered] ''[[Financial Times]]''.</ref><ref>Carol Vogel (19 September 2012), [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/20/arts/design/the-louvres-new-islamic-galleries-bring-riches-to-light.html The Louvre's New Islamic Galleries Bring Riches to Light] ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/2781939|title=Structural Innovation and the Stakes of Heritage: The Bellini-Ricciotti Louvre Dpt of Islamic Arts|author=Denis Bocquet|journal=Academia.edu|date=20 February 2013 }}</ref> In 2007, German painter [[Anselm Kiefer]] was invited to create a work for the North stairs of the [[Claude Perrault|Perrault]] [[Louvre Colonnade|Colonnade]], ''Athanor''. This decision announces the museum's reengagement with contemporary art under the direction of [[Henri Loyrette]], fifty years after the institution's last order to a contemporary artists, [[Georges Braque|George Braque]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Serafin |first=Amy |date=21 October 2007 |title=The Louvre Now Accepts the Living |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/21/arts/design/21sera.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 2010, American painter [[Cy Twombly]] completed a new ceiling for the {{lang|fr|Salle des Bronzes}} (the former {{lang|fr|Salle La Caze}}), a counterpoint to that of Braque installed in 1953 in the adjacent {{lang|fr|Salle Henri II}}. The room's floor and walls were redesigned in 2021 by Louvre architect Michel Goutal to revert the changes made by his predecessor Albert Ferran in the late 1930s, triggering protests from the Cy Twombly Foundation on grounds that the then-deceased painter's work had been created to fit with the room's prior decoration.<ref>{{cite web|website=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/05/arts/design/louvre-cy-twombly-ceiling.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited |title=Palace Intrigue at the Louvre, as a Paint Job Leads to a Lawsuit |author=Doreen Carvajal |date=5 March 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> That same year, the Louvre commissioned French artist [[François Morellet]] to create a work for the Lefuel stairs, on the first floor. For ''L'esprit d'escalier'' Morellet redesigned the stairscase's windows, echoing their original structures but distorting them to create a disturbing optical effect.<ref>{{Cite web |title="L'esprit d'escalier", François Morellet {{!}} Cnap |url=https://www.cnap.fr/lesprit-descalier-francois-morellet |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=www.cnap.fr}}</ref> On 6 June 2014, the Decorative Arts section on the first floor of the [[Cour Carrée]]'s northern wing opened after comprehensive refurbishment.<ref>{{cite web|website=La Tribune de l'Art |title=La réouverture des salles d'objets d'art du Louvre, de Louis XIV à Louis XVI |author=Didier Rykner |date=8 June 2014 |url=https://www.latribunedelart.com/la-reouverture-des-salles-d-objets-d-art-du-louvre-de-louis-xiv-a-louis-xvi-5107-5107-5107}}</ref> In January 2020, under the direction of [[Jean-Luc Martinez]], the museum inaugurated a new contemporary art commission, ''L'Onde du Midi'' by Venezuelan kinetic artist [[Elias Crespin]]. The sculpture hovers under the Escalier du Midi, the staircase on the South of the [[Louvre Colonnade|Perrault Colonnade]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Elias Crespin, l'art de la ligne au Louvre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/elias-crespin-l-art-de-la-ligne-au-louvre-20200120 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> The Louvre, like many other museums and galleries, felt the [[impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage]]. The museum closed after the end of the day on 29 February 2020,<ref>Yan, Holly. [https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/01/europe/france-coronavirus-louvre-closed "Paris' famed Louvre Museum is closed as France deals with at least 100 cases of novel coronavirus"], [[CNN]], 1 March 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and it did not reopen until 6 July.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-museum-reopens-paris-four-month-closing-coronavirus/ "Louvre reopens after four-month closing due to coronavirus"], [[Associated Press]], via [[CBS News]], 6 July 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> The museum operated with limited capacity until 29 October, when it was ordered closed again due to an increase in COVID cases in France,<ref>Hickman, Matt. [https://www.archpaper.com/2020/10/struggling-museums-lock-down-covid-19-surges-europe/ "Struggling cultural institutions lock down (again) as COVID-19 surges across Europe"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', 30 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2025.</ref> and reopened on 19 May 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makoni |first=Abbianca |date=19 May 2021 |title=Bienvenu! Louvre museum reopens after six month shutdown |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/louvre-reopens-paris-coronavirus-pandemic-france-b935995.html |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> As a result, the museum recorded only 2.7 million visitors in 2020, down from 9.6 million in 2019 and a record 10.2 million in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 January 2021|title=Louvre museum visitors dropped more than 70% in virus-wracked 2020|url=https://www.france24.com/en/culture/20210108-louvre-museum-visitors-dropped-more-than-70-in-virus-wracked-2020|access-date=13 January 2021|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref> In preparation for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympics]], the Louvre staged an exhibit about the Games' history that links their ancient beginnings to the modern era.<ref>{{Cite news |last=LaBarge |first=Emily |date=26 April 2024 |title=At the Louvre, the Olympics Are More French Than You Might Think |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/26/arts/louvre-olympics-exhibition.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Attendance rose to 8.9 million in 2023, 14 percent above 2022, but still short of the record of 10.2 million in 2018.<ref name="francetvinfo.fr">{{cite web | url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/arts-expos/en-2023-le-louvre-a-retrouve-une-frequentation-pre-covid-avec-pres-de-9-millions-de-visiteurs_6280212.html | title=En 2023, le Louvre a retrouvé une fréquentation pré-Covid avec près de 9 millions de visiteurs | date=3 January 2024 }}</ref> In January 2025, French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] announced plans for a renovation and expansion of the Louvre, including a room solely for the Mona Lisa. The planned renovation and expansion was a result of the increasing number of visitors each year to the Louvre.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Francis |first=Ellen |date=28 January 2025 |title=Mona Lisa to get a room of her own in Louvre museum renovation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129135438/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/28/louve-museum-renovation-mona-lisa/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The renovation is set to begin in September 2026.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Masih |first=Niha |date=8 December 2025 |title=First a heist, now a leak. Water damages antique books at the Louvre. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/2025/12/08/louvre-leak-water-books-egyptian/ |access-date=8 December 2025 |work=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> On 16 June 2025, the museum's employees went on strike in protest against chronic issues such as overcrowding, understaffing and "untenable" working conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The world's most-visited museum shuts down, sounding the alarm on overtourism |url=https://apnews.com/article/louvre-museum-paris-closed-lines-delay-2bbf9be4f49de739fd14dd4d908e4d72 |access-date=16 June 2025 |website=AP News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2025 |title=The Louvre in Paris closes unexpectedly as staff protest conditions - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/louvre-paris-closed-reopening-unclear/ |access-date=17 June 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> On 19 October 2025, the Louvre was subjected to [[2025 Louvre robbery|a robbery]] through a forced window in the [[Galerie d'Apollon]]. The museum reported that jewellery had been stolen, and the perpetrators fled by motorbike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre closed due to robbery |url=https://attractionsdaily.com/2025/10/musee-du-louvre-robbery/ |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Attractions Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> They used a construction platform left by the building to enter a window and leave with their score.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Spectaculaire cambriolage au Louvre, des bijoux "inestimables" dérobés |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/spectaculaire-cambriolage-au-louvre-des-bijoux-inestimables-derobes-22f02fcfde8b09ab13c59aed4630ba79 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Boursorama |language=fr}}</ref> The museum was closed for the day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2025 |title=Everything we know about the Louvre jewellery heist |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7nrlkg0zxo |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> French interior minister [[Laurent Nuñez]] said the robbery involved intruders entering the museum via a basket lift using a platform mounted on a lorry and then cut into the window using what appeared to be angle grinders.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Priceless' jewellery stolen from Louvre museum in Paris - as authorities reveal details of daring raid |url=https://news.sky.com/story/louvre-museum-in-paris-closed-after-robbery-13453106 |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref> Nine major pieces of jewellery from the crowns of France were taken in a few minutes.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bajos |first1=Sandrine |last2=J.-M. D. |date=19 October 2025 |title=Musée du Louvre cambriolé : quels sont les bijoux exposés dans la galerie d'Apollon visée par les voleurs ? |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/musee-du-louvre-cambriole-quels-sont-les-bijoux-exposes-dans-la-galerie-dapollon-visee-par-les-voleurs-19-10-2025-VYY6HZW5FNFAHBMJHD53E3UKTI.php |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Eight pieces were stolen, including an emerald necklace that belonged to [[Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma|Empress Marie-Louise]] and three jewels that belonged to queens [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Marie-Amelie]] and [[Hortense de Beauharnais|Hortense]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schechner |first=Sam |date=19 October 2025 |title=Brazen Heist at Louvre Museum Snatches Priceless Royal Jewels |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/europe/seven-minute-heist-at-louvre-leaves-museum-missing-priceless-jewels-2b4b586e |access-date=19 October 2025 |website=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> The ninth item, the [[Crown of Empress Eugénie]], was recovered the same day in a street close to the Louvre but in a damaged condition.<ref>{{cite web |last=Biétry-Rivierre |first=Eric |date=19 October 2025 |title=1354 diamants, 56 émeraudes : la couronne de l'impératrice Eugénie, un trésor acquis par l'État en 1988 |trans-title=1354 diamonds, 56 emeralds: the crown of Empress Eugenie, a treasure acquired by the State in 1988 |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/arts-expositions/1354-diamants-56-emeraudes-la-couronne-de-l-imperatrice-eugenie-un-tresor-acquis-par-l-etat-en-1988-20251019 |access-date=21 October 2025 |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |language=fr}}</ref> On 25 October, two of the suspected thieves were arrested, one was trying to fly to Algeria from Charles de Gaulle Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |title=Two arrested over theft of jewels at Louvre museum in Paris |work=BBC News |date=26 October 2025|access-date=26 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026115154/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2em38pdv0do |archive-date=26 October 2025}}</ref>On 29 October, the prosecutor in charge said that they had "partially admitted" to their involvement in the heist. She added that the jewels were yet to be recovered.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |title=Louvre heist suspects 'partially admit' involvement, stolen jewels still missing |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/detained-louvre-heist-suspects-have-partially-recognised-involvement-prosecutor-2025-10-29/ |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>On the same day, five additional suspects were arrested, but only one of them was allegedly part of the four-man heist team.<ref>{{cite news|title=Five new suspects arrested over Louvre jewellery theft|date=30 October 2025|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030172208/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz91jnyelq2o|archive-date=30 October 2025|work=BBC|access-date=30 October 2025|last=Armstrong|first=Kathryn}}</ref> On 30 October, police arrested five more suspects, but there was still no sign of the stolen jewels.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parodi |first=Alessandro |date=30 October 2025 |title=French police hunting stolen Louvre jewels arrest more suspects |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/third-suspect-arrested-over-louvre-heist-french-tv-reports-2025-10-30/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> In late November, a water line burst, and damaged between 300 and 400 books and journals, mostly from the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref name=":0" /> {{clear}} <gallery mode="packed" captionstyle="font-size: small;"> File:Pavillon des Sessions 01.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Pavillon des Sessions}}'s display of non-Western art from the [[Musée du Quai Branly – Jacques Chirac|Musée du Quai Branly]], opened in 2000 File:Cour Visconti (Louvre) D201512a.jpg|The {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}'s ground floor covered to host the new Islamic Art Department in 2012 File:Les arts de l'Islam au Louvre (8055981963).jpg|Islamic art display in the covered {{lang|fr|Cour Visconti}}, 2012 File:Louvre, dipartimento di arte islamica, 01.JPG|Underground display of the Islamic Art Department, 2012 </gallery> == سيڪشن== ==مجموعو== ==تڪرار== == گيلري== == پڻ ڏسو== * [[برٽش ميوزيم]] * [[نيشنل ميوزيم آف پاڪستان]] * [[لوڪ ورثه هيريٽيج ميوزيم|لوڪ ورثا ميوزيم]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== {{Commons}} * {{Official website}} * [https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ Digital Collection] * [http://www.stockholm360.net/list.php?id=louvre Louvre's 360x180 degree panorama virtual tour] * [https://www.theparisianguide.com/s/louvre-museum/ Louvre Museum - The Parisian Guide] * [https://www.louvre.fr/en/online-tours Louvre virtual tours] {{Authority control}} {{Coord|format=dms|display=title}} [[زمرو:لوور ميوزيم]] [[زمرو:عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:پيرس ۾ سياحتي ڪشش]] [[زمرو:آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو:آرٽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ 1793 ادارا]] [[زمرو:فرانس ۾ آثار قديمه جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: پيرس ۾ آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: آرٽ ۾ 1793 عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: 1790 جي ڏهاڪي ۾ قائم ڪيل آرٽ عجائب گھر ۽ گيلريون]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ مصري مجموعا 1793 عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: انسٽيٽيوٽ ڊي فرانس]] [[زمرو: لوور محل]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم يونان جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم ويجهي اوڀر جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس ۾ قديم روم جا عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: فرانس جا قومي عجائب گھر]] [[زمرو: اسپين جي وصول ڪندڙن جي آرٽس ۽ خطن جو آرڊر]] mtdnslzgut8ub3tycpibeij33u8fxoo 14 95870 375336 2026-05-02T12:06:30Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:حوالا]] 375336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:حوالا]] kcn7yydg7ykhxktp8g8mg0wwxlz1qs8 14 95871 375338 2026-05-02T12:06:54Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:حوالا]] 375338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:حوالا]] kcn7yydg7ykhxktp8g8mg0wwxlz1qs8 10 95872 375342 2026-05-02T12:13:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} {{redirect-distinguish|سانچو:تعارف| سانچو:وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن تعارف| سانچو:تعارف/نيويگيشن| سانچو:تعارف صفائي سنڀال وارا سانچا}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغي... 375342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} {{redirect-distinguish|سانچو:تعارف| سانچو:وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن تعارف| سانچو:تعارف/نيويگيشن| سانچو:تعارف صفائي سنڀال وارا سانچا}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ مثال طور، <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس}} ٻيو مکيه مضمون پڻ سهارو ڏئي ٿو۔ مثال طور: <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس|اڻ يقيني اصول}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس|اڻ يقيني اصول}} شروعاتي متن جي پهرين جملي کي ترتيب ڏيڻ لاءِ، هڪ اختياري {{para|leadin}} پيرا ميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو: <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس|leadin=هي مضمون موضوع جو گهٽ تفصيلي تعارف آهي۔}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪانيڪس|leadin=هي مضمون موضوع جو گهٽ تفصيلي تعارف آهي۔}} هي سانچو مضمون کي پاڻمرادو {{زمرو|تعارفي مضمون|count=yes}} ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ مکيه مضمون لاءِ، مٿي تي {{tl|تعارف ڏسو}} رکو۔ ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * مضمون جي [[وڪيپيڊيا:شروعاتي حصو|شروعاتي حصي]] ۾ ممڪن مسئلن جي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ سانچن لاءِ ڏسو [[:زمرو:تعارف صفائي وارا سانچا]] يا [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو پيغام/صفائي#تعارف]]۔ * {{tl|تعارف ڏسو}}، مکيه مضمون لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ هم منصب سانچو * {{tl|سادي مدد وارو صفحو}}، WP: ۽ Help: نيم جڳهن ۾ استعمال لاءِ هڪ ايڊٽ نوٽس * {{tl|شروعاتي نسخو}}، جيڪو ڏيکاري ٿو ته منصوبي/مدد واري صفحي جو سادو نسخو موجود آهي <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ابهام ختم ڪرڻ ۽ ريڊائريڪشن هيٽ نوٽ سانچا|تعارف]] }}</includeonly> at15ts159gort4te5c0mt7hfectkf4d 375343 375342 2026-05-02T12:15:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} {{redirect-distinguish|سانچو:تعارف| سانچو:وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن تعارف| سانچو:تعارف/نيويگيشن| سانچو:تعارف صفائي سنڀال وارا سانچا}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ مثال طور، <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس}} ٻيو مکيه مضمون پڻ سهارو ڏئي ٿو۔ مثال طور: <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس|اڻ يقيني اصول}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس|اڻ يقيني اصول}} شروعاتي متن جي پهرين جملي کي ترتيب ڏيڻ لاءِ، هڪ اختياري {{para|leadin}} پيرا ميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو: <nowiki>{{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس|leadin=هي مضمون موضوع جو گهٽ تفصيلي تعارف آهي۔}}</nowiki> پيدا ڪندو: {{Introductory article|ڪوانٽم ميڪينيڪس|leadin=هي مضمون موضوع جو گهٽ تفصيلي تعارف آهي۔}} هي سانچو مضمون کي پاڻمرادو {{زمرو|تعارفي مضمون|count=yes}} ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو۔ مکيه مضمون لاءِ، مٿي تي {{tl|تعارف ڏسو}} رکو۔ ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * مضمون جي [[وڪيپيڊيا:شروعاتي حصو|شروعاتي حصي]] ۾ ممڪن مسئلن جي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ سانچن لاءِ ڏسو [[:زمرو:تعارف صفائي وارا سانچا]] يا [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو پيغام/صفائي#تعارف]]۔ * {{tl|تعارف ڏسو}}، مکيه مضمون لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ هم منصب سانچو * {{tl|سادي مدد وارو صفحو}}، WP: ۽ Help: نيم جڳهن ۾ استعمال لاءِ هڪ ايڊٽ نوٽس * {{tl|شروعاتي نسخو}}، جيڪو ڏيکاري ٿو ته منصوبي/مدد واري صفحي جو سادو نسخو موجود آهي <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ابهام ختم ڪرڻ ۽ ريڊائريڪشن هيٽ نوٽ سانچا|تعارف]] }}</includeonly> n75gi8773nsfmqelgtjz2jo1f70ad6d 375344 375343 2026-05-02T12:18:45Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} {{redirect-distinguish|سانچو:تعارف| سانچو:وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن تعارف| سانچو:تعارف/نيويگيشن| سانچو:تعارف صفائي سنڀال وارا سانچا}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * مضمون جي [[وڪيپيڊيا:شروعاتي حصو|شروعاتي حصي]] ۾ ممڪن مسئلن جي سڃاڻپ ڪندڙ سانچن لاءِ ڏسو [[:زمرو:تعارف صفائي وارا سانچا]] يا [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو پيغام/صفائي#تعارف]]۔ * {{tl|تعارف ڏسو}}، مکيه مضمون لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ هم منصب سانچو * {{tl|سادي مدد وارو صفحو}}، WP: ۽ Help: نيم جڳهن ۾ استعمال لاءِ هڪ ايڊٽ نوٽس * {{tl|شروعاتي نسخو}}، جيڪو ڏيکاري ٿو ته منصوبي/مدد واري صفحي جو سادو نسخو موجود آهي <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ابهام ختم ڪرڻ ۽ ريڊائريڪشن هيٽ نوٽ سانچا|تعارف]] }}</includeonly> jxiath55bq50ybzl1rexw9h22yqom56 375345 375344 2026-05-02T12:19:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 375345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} {{redirect-distinguish|سانچو:تعارف| سانچو:وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن تعارف| سانچو:تعارف/نيويگيشن| سانچو:تعارف صفائي سنڀال وارا سانچا}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ koyqth6mvafpyc2cfxlmbgan64i3wyp 375346 375345 2026-05-02T12:19:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{دستاويز ذيلي صفحو}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ f1qcuk8n4ytozooyzumyrj1xfdv5a46 375347 375346 2026-05-02T12:20:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:تعارف ڏانهن|تعارفي مضمونن]] تي استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيڪي ڪنهن فني موضوع جو عام تعارف پيش ڪن ٿا۔ اهو هڪ ان پُٽ متغير وٺي ٿو، يعني مکيه انسائيڪلوپيڊيا مضمون جو عنوان۔ licf0grkgrjt31w01d3weqix20b46oa 828 95873 375349 2026-05-02T12:22:00Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data/doc]] کي [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 375349 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data]] 0yffd3l5ufvf4nmobe7dak0m3vqsq29 14 95874 375359 2026-05-02T12:43:01Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڊيٽا سائنس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] 375359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڊيٽا سائنس]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام جا نظام]] csj2hbk2sc3x2oqbi25yomwbrnl2klg 14 95875 375360 2026-05-02T12:43:57Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:نظام]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] 375360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:نظام]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] h406pdyozvcqffhrd65p8uu2t57z69r 0 95876 375361 2026-05-02T12:52:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] |quantity = [[جذب ٿيل مقدار |آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = ايس آءِ بنيادي... 375361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] |quantity = [[جذب ٿيل مقدار |آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي وحدتون]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] وحدتون (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (يونٽ) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي مقدار جي [[بين الاقوامي ايڪن جو نظامِ ]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ٻڌائي ٿي ته [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري کي 1975 ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به استعمال ٿئي ٿي، جيتوڻيڪ ان جي استعمال کان پاسو ڪرڻ جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== انساني ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇو ته اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته شعاع ڪيتري توانائي ٽشو ۾ جمع ڪري ٿي۔ هي ماپ پيچيده آهي ڇو ته شعاعن جي ٽڪر ۽ جذب جا اثر ٿين ٿا، ۽ ان لاءِ خاص ڊوزميٽر استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾ مقدار بيماري جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ عام طور تي ڪينسر جي علاج لاءِ 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين مقدار ڏنو ويندو آهي، جڏهن ته [[ليمفوما]] لاءِ 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو صحت جي خطري جي حساب جو بنياد آهي۔ هي مقدار ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي توانائي کي ماپي ٿي، جڏهن ته نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم ۽ ٽشو تي به هوندو آهي۔ :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ===ريڊيئيشن زهر اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي تيز ريڊيئيشن جي اثرن کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ جيڪڏهن مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;Gy يا وڌيڪ شعاع ملي، ته موت جو خطرو گهڻو هوندو آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]] ۽ [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ريڊيئيشن جي آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ آهي، جيڪا گري ۾ بيان ڪئي ويندي آهي، پر اها جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==تاريخي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |قديم ايڪس-ري تجربو]] [[ولھيلم رونٽگن]] 1895 ۾ [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، جنهن کان پوءِ انهن جو استعمال تيزي سان وڌيو۔ 1925 ۾ بين الاقوامي سطح تي ريڊيئيشن جي ماپن لاءِ ادارو ٺاهڻ جي تجويز ڏني وئي، جنهن کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] چيو ويو۔ 1940 ۾ [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] نئين ماپ جي وحدت تجويز ڪئي، جيڪا بعد ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي بنياد بڻجي۔ 1975 ۾ گري کي رسمي طور ايس آءِ ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، جيڪو 100 ريڊ جي برابر آهي۔ ==لاڳاپيل مقدارون== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ ريڊيئيشن جو لاڳاپو]] {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] qfv0djr9cptgo9fkbtqk136x8qo7j7s 375362 375361 2026-05-02T12:55:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* تاريخي ترقي */ 375362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] |quantity = [[جذب ٿيل مقدار |آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي وحدتون]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] وحدتون (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (يونٽ) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي مقدار جي [[بين الاقوامي ايڪن جو نظامِ ]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ٻڌائي ٿي ته [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري کي 1975 ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به استعمال ٿئي ٿي، جيتوڻيڪ ان جي استعمال کان پاسو ڪرڻ جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== انساني ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇو ته اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته شعاع ڪيتري توانائي ٽشو ۾ جمع ڪري ٿي۔ هي ماپ پيچيده آهي ڇو ته شعاعن جي ٽڪر ۽ جذب جا اثر ٿين ٿا، ۽ ان لاءِ خاص ڊوزميٽر استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾ مقدار بيماري جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ عام طور تي ڪينسر جي علاج لاءِ 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين مقدار ڏنو ويندو آهي، جڏهن ته [[ليمفوما]] لاءِ 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو صحت جي خطري جي حساب جو بنياد آهي۔ هي مقدار ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي توانائي کي ماپي ٿي، جڏهن ته نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم ۽ ٽشو تي به هوندو آهي۔ :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ===ريڊيئيشن زهر اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي تيز ريڊيئيشن جي اثرن کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ جيڪڏهن مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;Gy يا وڌيڪ شعاع ملي، ته موت جو خطرو گهڻو هوندو آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]] ۽ [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ريڊيئيشن جي آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ آهي، جيڪا گري ۾ بيان ڪئي ويندي آهي، پر اها جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==تاريخي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |قديم ايڪس-ري تجربو]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولھيلم رونٽگن]] 1895 ۾ [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، جنهن کان پوءِ انهن جو استعمال تيزي سان وڌيو۔ 1925 ۾ بين الاقوامي سطح تي ريڊيئيشن جي ماپن لاءِ ادارو ٺاهڻ جي تجويز ڏني وئي، جنهن کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] چيو ويو۔ 1940 ۾ [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] نئين ماپ جي وحدت تجويز ڪئي، جيڪا بعد ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي بنياد بڻجي۔ 1975 ۾ گري کي رسمي طور ايس آءِ ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، جيڪو 100 ريڊ جي برابر آهي۔ ==لاڳاپيل مقدارون== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ ريڊيئيشن جو لاڳاپو]] {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] rmwuo3grtrmzoheml0fijr76s223k6m 375371 375362 2026-05-02T13:05:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 375371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] |quantity = [[جذب ٿيل مقدار |آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي وحدتون]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] وحدتون (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (يونٽ) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي مقدار جي [[بين الاقوامي ايڪن جو نظامِ ]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ٻڌائي ٿي ته [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ به استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري کي 1975 ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به استعمال ٿئي ٿي، جيتوڻيڪ ان جي استعمال کان پاسو ڪرڻ جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== انساني ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇو ته اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته شعاع ڪيتري توانائي ٽشو ۾ جمع ڪري ٿي۔ هي ماپ پيچيده آهي ڇو ته شعاعن جي ٽڪر ۽ جذب جا اثر ٿين ٿا، ۽ ان لاءِ خاص ڊوزميٽر استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾ مقدار بيماري جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ عام طور تي ڪينسر جي علاج لاءِ 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين مقدار ڏنو ويندو آهي، جڏهن ته [[ليمفوما]] لاءِ 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو صحت جي خطري جي حساب جو بنياد آهي۔ هي مقدار ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي توانائي کي ماپي ٿي، جڏهن ته نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم ۽ ٽشو تي به هوندو آهي۔ :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ===ريڊيئيشن زهر اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي تيز ريڊيئيشن جي اثرن کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ جيڪڏهن مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;Gy يا وڌيڪ شعاع ملي، ته موت جو خطرو گهڻو هوندو آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]] ۽ [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ريڊيئيشن جي آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ آهي، جيڪا گري ۾ بيان ڪئي ويندي آهي، پر اها جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==لاڳاپيل مقدارون== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ ريڊيئيشن جو لاڳاپو]] {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] gqi0eazn226osu1v7kkxz4um1t9nx6i 375373 375371 2026-05-02T13:17:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== انساني ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇو ته اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته شعاع ڪيتري توانائي ٽشو ۾ جمع ڪري ٿي۔ هي ماپ پيچيده آهي ڇو ته شعاعن جي ٽڪر ۽ جذب جا اثر ٿين ٿا، ۽ ان لاءِ خاص ڊوزميٽر استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾ مقدار بيماري جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ عام طور تي ڪينسر جي علاج لاءِ 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين مقدار ڏنو ويندو آهي، جڏهن ته [[ليمفوما]] لاءِ 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو صحت جي خطري جي حساب جو بنياد آهي۔ هي مقدار ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي توانائي کي ماپي ٿي، جڏهن ته نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم ۽ ٽشو تي به هوندو آهي۔ :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ===ريڊيئيشن زهر اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي تيز ريڊيئيشن جي اثرن کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ جيڪڏهن مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;Gy يا وڌيڪ شعاع ملي، ته موت جو خطرو گهڻو هوندو آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ به استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]] ۽ [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ريڊيئيشن جي آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ آهي، جيڪا گري ۾ بيان ڪئي ويندي آهي، پر اها جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف ٿي سگهي ٿي۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==لاڳاپيل مقدارون== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ ريڊيئيشن جو لاڳاپو]] {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] el7odif3lgayvvew4t9ma10o4zxobxb 375379 375373 2026-05-02T13:27:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 375379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==لاڳاپيل مقدارون== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ ريڊيئيشن جو لاڳاپو]] {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] mg747ij1f9qhitrwgxvukoen2lusive 375380 375379 2026-05-02T13:30:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 375380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |گراف جيڪو هڪ نقطي تي ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ سڃاڻپ ٿيل آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپو ڏيکاري ٿو۔]] هيٺين جدول ۾ ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) سان لاڳاپيل مقدار [[ايس آءِ]] ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |Dose area product}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|بين الاقوامي نظامِ وحدتون}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊيئيشن جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ريڊيئيشن يونٽ)}} * {{Annotated link |رونٽگن (يونٽ)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] r0iltsdqd2tvd5546kbel5ancy8z2xf 375381 375380 2026-05-02T13:34:03Z Intisar Ali 8681 375381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |گراف جيڪو هڪ نقطي تي ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ سڃاڻپ ٿيل آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپو ڏيکاري ٿو۔]] هيٺين جدول ۾ ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) سان لاڳاپيل مقدار [[ايس آءِ]] ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |ڊوز ايريا پراڊڪٽ}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام}} * {{Annotated link |شعاعڪاري جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ايڪو)}} * {{Annotated link |رونتجن (ايڪو)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍيون== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{Radiation protection}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ نڪتل وحدتون]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جون وحدتون]] ijmgf4ennekq381qnc8z51hxnbts4kp 375382 375381 2026-05-02T13:35:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 375382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |گراف جيڪو هڪ نقطي تي ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ سڃاڻپ ٿيل آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپو ڏيکاري ٿو۔]] هيٺين جدول ۾ ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) سان لاڳاپيل مقدار [[ايس آءِ]] ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |ڊوز ايريا پراڊڪٽ}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام}} * {{Annotated link |شعاعڪاري جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ايڪو)}} * {{Annotated link |رونتجن (ايڪو)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{ريڊيئيشن تحفظ}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ وارا ايڪا]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جا ايڪا]] bthpoft8irj8ienbe48xbj9vr4j7wq4 375383 375382 2026-05-02T13:36:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 375383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |گراف جيڪو هڪ نقطي تي ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ سڃاڻپ ٿيل آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپو ڏيکاري ٿو۔]] هيٺين جدول ۾ ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) سان لاڳاپيل مقدار [[ايس آءِ]] ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |ڊوز ايريا پراڊڪٽ}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام}} * {{Annotated link |شعاعڪاري جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ايڪو)}} * {{Annotated link |رونتجن (ايڪو)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{ريڊيئيشن تحفظ}} {{SI units}} {{Ionising radiation related quantities}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ وارا ايڪا]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جا ايڪا]] 920pxl1oflfrxmov3ad8kglu0sqdz3c 375384 375383 2026-05-02T13:37:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 375384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي جذب ٿيل مقدار جي SI نڪتل وحدت}} {{redirect-distinguish|Gy (يونٽ)|گگايئر}} {{Infobox Unit |bgcolour = |name = گري |image = |caption = |standard = [[ايس آءِ]] (SI) |quantity = [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] |symbol = Gy |namedafter = [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] |units1 = [[ايس آءِ بنيادي ايڪا]] |inunits1 = [[ميٽر |m]]²&sdot;[[سيڪنڊ |s]]⁻² |units2 = [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪا (غير-ايس آءِ) |inunits2 = 100 [[ريڊ (ايڪو) |ريڊ]] }} '''گري''' (نشان: '''Gy''') [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] جي مقدار جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] (SI) ۾ هڪ ايڪو آهي، جيڪو هڪ [[جول]] توانائي جي [[ڪلوگرام]] [[مادو|مادي]] ۾ جذب ٿيڻ سان بيان ڪيو ويندو آهي۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf |title = The International System of Units (SI) |publisher = Bureau International des Poids et Mesures ([[BIPM]]) |access-date = 2010-01-31 }}</ref> هي ايڪو [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري جو جذب ٿيل مقدار|جذب ٿيل مقدار]] کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو اهو ڏيکاري ٿو ته [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان ڪيتري توانائي ڪنهن مادي جي هڪ مخصوص ماس ۾ جمع ڪئي وئي آهي۔ اهو [[ريڊيوٿراپي]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[شعاعڪاري جي اسٽرلائيزيشن]] ۾ ڏنل مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو شديد صحت اثرن جي اڳڪٿي ڪرڻ ۾ اهم آهي، جيئن [[شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم]]، ۽ [[سيورٽ]] (Sievert) جي استعمال سان [[برابر مقدار]] ڳڻڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو انساني جسم تي امڪاني (stochastic) اثرن جي ماپ آهي۔ گري کي [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ پڻ استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو جيئن [[ڪرما (علم طبيعيات)|ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور؛ جنهن کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو ته غير چارج ٿيل [[آئونيائيزنگ شعاعڪاري]] طرفان آزاد ڪيل سڀني [[چارج ٿيل ذرڙا|چارج ٿيل ذرڙن]] جي ابتدائي [[حرڪي توانائي]] جو مجموعو، جيڪو [[مادو|مادي]] جي هڪ نموني ۾ في يونٽ ماس لاءِ هجي۔ هن ايڪي جو نالو برطانوي ماھر طبيعيات [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي نالي تي رکيو ويو، جيڪو ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم ريڊيئيشن جي ماپ ۽ انهن جي حياتياتي اثرن جو سرواڻ هو۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lhgraytrust.org/lhgraybiography.html |title = Rays instead of scalpels |publisher = LH Gray Memorial Trust |year = 2002 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> گري (ايڪو) کي 1975ع ۾ ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظام جو حصو بڻايو ويو۔ ان جي لاڳاپيل [[سي جي ايس]] ايڪو [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] آهي (0.01&nbsp;Gy جي برابر)، جيڪو خاص طور تي آمريڪا ۾ اڃا به عام استعمال ۾ آهي، جيتوڻيڪ آمريڪي [[نيشنل انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اسٽينڊرڊس اينڊ ٽيڪنالاجي]] جي انداز نامي ۾ ان جي استعمال کان "سختي سان پاسو ڪرڻ" جي صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي۔<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/sec05.html#5.2 |title=NIST Guide to SI Units – Units temporarily accepted for use with the SI |journal=NIST |date=2 July 2009 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology}}</ref> ==استعمال== [[File:Dose quantities and units.png |thumb |400px |ريڊيئيشن تحفظ ۽ ڊوزميٽري ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٻاهريان مقدار]] گري مقدار کي ماپڻ لاءِ ڪيترن ئي ميدانن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو: ===ريڊيو بايولاجي=== ٽشوز ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ [[ريڊيو بايولاجي]] ۽ [[ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي]] ۾ بنيادي اهميت رکي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها اهو ڏيکاري ٿي ته اچڻ واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ٽارگيٽ ٽشو ۾ ڪيتري توانائي جمع ڪري ٿي۔ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ هڪ پيچيده مسئلو آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ شعاعن جي پکڙجڻ ۽ جذب جا عمل ٿين ٿا، ۽ انهن ماپن لاءِ ڪيترائي خاص ڊوزميٽر موجود آهن، جيڪي 1-ڊي، 2-ڊي ۽ 3-ڊي استعمالن کي ڍڪي سگهن ٿا۔<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Seco J, Clasie B, Partridge M |title=Review on the characteristics of radiation detectors for dosimetry and imaging |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=20 |pages=R303–47 |year=2014 |pmid=25229250 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/20/R303 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.303S |s2cid=4393848 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill R, Healy B, Holloway L, Kuncic Z, Thwaites D, Baldock C |title=Advances in kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=R183–231 |year=2014 |pmid=24584183 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/R183 |bibcode = 2014PMB....59R.183H |s2cid=18082594 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Baldock C, De Deene Y, Doran S, Ibbott G, Jirasek A, Lepage M, McAuley KB, Oldham M, Schreiner LJ |title=Polymer gel dosimetry |journal=Phys Med Biol |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=R1–63 |year=2010 |pmid=20150687 |pmc=3031873 |doi=10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/R01 |bibcode = 2010PMB....55R...1B }}</ref> ريڊيئيشن علاج ۾، ڏنل مقدار ڪينسر جي قسم ۽ مرحلي تي دارومدار رکي ٿي۔ علاج لاءِ، مضبوط [[ايپيٿيليئم |ايپيٿيليل]] ٽومر لاءِ عام مقدار 60 کان 80&nbsp;Gy تائين هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ [[ليمفوما]] کي 20 کان 40&nbsp;Gy سان علاج ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ بچاءَ (ادجيووينٽ) مقدار عام طور 45–60&nbsp;Gy جي لڳ ڀڳ هوندي آهي، جيڪا 1.8–2&nbsp;Gy جي [[Dose fractionation#Radiation fractionation as cancer treatment |حصن]] ۾ ڏني ويندي آهي (ڇاتي، مٿي ۽ ڳچيءَ جي ڪينسر لاءِ)۔ پيليوس جي [[سي ٽي اسڪين]] مان سراسري ريڊيئيشن مقدار 6&nbsp;mGy هوندي آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ پيٽ ۽ پيليوس جي چونڊيل CT اسڪين مان 14&nbsp;mGy مقدار ملي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xrayrisk.com/calculator/calculator.php |title=X-Ray Risk |website=www.xrayrisk.com}}</ref> ===ريڊيئيشن تحفظ=== [[File:SI Radiation dose units.png |thumb |400px |ICRU/ICRP پاران حساب ڪيل تحفظي مقدار ۽ ايڪن جو لاڳاپو]] جذب ٿيل مقدار [[ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] ۾ پڻ اهم ڪردار ادا ڪري ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اها گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جي صحت جي خطري جي حساب لاءِ بنيادي نقطو آهي، جنهن کي ڪينسر پيدا ٿيڻ ۽ جيني نقصان جي ''امڪان'' طور بيان ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔<ref>{{cite journal |at=paragraph 64 |id=ICRP publication 103 |title=The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection |journal=Ann ICRP |volume=37 |issue=2–4 |year=2007 |pmid=18082557 |doi=10.1016/j.icrp.2007.10.003 |s2cid=73326646 |doi-access=free }}</ref> گري ريڊيئيشن جي مجموعي جذب ٿيل توانائي کي ماپي ٿو، پر نقصان جي امڪان جو دارومدار ريڊيئيشن جي قسم، ان جي توانائي ۽ شامل ٽشوز تي پڻ هوندو آهي۔ هي امڪان [[برابر مقدار]] ۾ [[سيورٽ]] (Sv) ذريعي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي ٿو، جنهن جون بُعدون گري وانگر ئي آهن۔ ان جو لاڳاپو گري سان وزن وارن عنصرن ذريعي بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جيئن [[برابر مقدار]] ۽ [[Effective dose (radiation) |مؤثر مقدار]] جي مضمونن ۾ ڏنل آهي۔ {{radiation_units.svg}} [[بين الاقوامي ڪميٽي براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] چوي ٿي: "جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' ۽ [[برابر مقدار]] ''H'' جي وچ ۾ ڪنهن به مونجهاري کان بچڻ لاءِ، انهن جي لاڳاپيل وحدتن جا خاص نالا استعمال ڪيا وڃن؛ يعني جذب ٿيل مقدار ''D'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران گري استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ۽ برابر مقدار ''H'' لاءِ جول في ڪلوگرام بدران [[سيورٽ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔"<ref>{{cite web |title=CIPM, 2002: Recommendation 2 |publisher=BIPM |url=http://www.bipm.org/en/CIPM/db/2002/2/}}</ref> :<math>1 \ \mathrm{Gy} = 1\ \frac{\mathrm{J}}{\mathrm{kg}}= 1\ \frac{\mathrm{m}^2}{\mathrm{s}^{2}}</math> ساٿي خاڪا ڏيکارين ٿا ته ڪيئن جذب ٿيل مقدار (گري ۾) پهريان حسابي طريقن سان حاصل ڪيو وڃي ٿو، ۽ پوءِ انهيءَ مان برابر مقدار ڪڍيا وڃن ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري ۽ گاما شعاعن لاءِ، گري جو عددي قدر سيورٽ ۾ به ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر [[الفا ذرڙا|الفا ذرڙن]] لاءِ هڪ گري 20 سيورٽ جي برابر هوندو آهي، ۽ انهيءَ مطابق ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) وزن وارو عنصر لاڳو ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ ===ريڊيئيشن زهر جو اثر=== {{main|شديد ريڊيئيشن سنڊروم}} گري عام طور تي انهن اثرن جي شدت کي بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي جيڪي "ٽشو وارو اثر" سڏجن ٿا، جيڪي تيز ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) جي مقدار سبب پيدا ٿين ٿا۔ اهي اهڙا اثر آهن جيڪي يقيني طور تي ٿين ٿا، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ مقدار واري ريڊيئيشن جا اثر غير يقيني هوندا آهن ۽ رڳو امڪان رکن ٿا۔ مڪمل جسم کي 5&nbsp;گري يا وڌيڪ تيز توانائي واري ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) ملڻ سان عام طور 14 ڏينهن اندر موت واقع ٿيندو آهي۔ [[مھلڪ مقدار|LD]]₁، [[Median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] ۽ LD₉₉ ترتيبوار 2.5، 5 ۽ 8&nbsp;Gy آهن۔<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/lethal-dose/ |title=Lethal dose |date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[يورپي نيوڪليئر سوسائٽي]]}}</ref> LD₅₀ مقدار 75 ڪلوگرام بالغ لاءِ 375 جول جي برابر آهي۔ ===مادي ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار=== گري غير حياتياتي مادن ۾ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي شرح کي ماپڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي، جهڙوڪ [[ريڊيئيشن هارڊننگ]]، [[کاڌي جي شعاعڪاري]] ۽ [[اليڪٽران شعاعڪاري]] ۾۔ انهن عملن جي صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ کي يقيني بڻائڻ لاءِ جذب ٿيل مقدار جي ماپ ۽ ڪنٽرول اهم آهي۔ ===ڪرما=== ڪرما ("'''k'''inetic '''e'''nergy '''r'''eleased per unit '''ma'''ss") [[ريڊيئيشن ميٽرالاجي]] ۾ آئيونائيزيشن سبب آزاد ٿيل توانائي جي ماپ طور استعمال ٿيندو آهي، ۽ گري ۾ ظاهر ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته ڪرما مقدار جذب ٿيل مقدار کان مختلف هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ آئيونائيزيشن توانائي کي مڪمل طور حساب ۾ نٿو آندو وڃي۔ گهٽ توانائي تي اهي لڳ ڀڳ برابر هوندا آهن، پر وڌيڪ توانائي تي ڪرما مقدار وڌيڪ هوندي آهي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ ڪجهه توانائي جذب ٿيندڙ مقدار مان نڪري [[بريمس اسٽراهلنگ]] (ايڪس-ري) يا تيز حرڪت ڪندڙ اليڪٽرانن جي صورت ۾ خارج ٿي وڃي ٿي۔ هوا ۾ لاڳو ٿيڻ تي ڪرما پراڻي [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] ايڪي جي برابر آهي، پر ٻنهي جي تعريف ۾ فرق آهي۔ گري ڪنهن به خاص مادي کان آزاد طور بيان ڪيو ويو آهي، جڏهن⁠تہ رونتجن خاص طور سڪل هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن جي اثر تي ٻڌل هو، جيڪو ٻين مادن تي اثر کي مڪمل طور ظاهر نٿو ڪري۔ ==جذب ٿيل مقدار جي تصور ۽ گري جي ترقي== [[File:Crookes tube xray experiment.jpg |thumb |1896ع ۾ شروعاتي [[ڪروڪس ٽيوب]] ايڪس-ري اوزار جو استعمال۔ هڪ ماڻهو [[فلوروسڪوپ]] ذريعي پنهنجي هٿ کي ڏسي رهيو آهي ته جيئن ٽيوب جي اخراج کي بهتر بڻائي، جڏهن ته ٻيو ماڻهو پنهنجي مٿي کي ٽيوب جي ويجهو رکي ٿو۔ ريڊيئيشن جي نمائش خلاف ڪا به احتياط {{nowrap|نٿي ورتي وڃي{{px2}}{{mdash}}{{px2}}}}‌ان وقت ان جا خطرا نامعلوم هئا۔]] [[File:Ehrenmal der Radiologie (Hamburg-St. Georg).1.ajb.jpg |thumb |[[سڀني قومن جي ايڪس-ري ۽ ريڊيم شهيدن جي يادگار]]، جيڪا 1936ع ۾ [[هئمبرگ]] جي سينٽ جارج اسپتال ۾ تعمير ڪئي وئي، 359 شروعاتي ريڊيولاجي ڪارڪنن جي ياد ۾۔]] [[ولهيلم رونتجن]] 8 نومبر 1895ع تي [[ايڪس-ري]] دريافت ڪيا، ۽ انهن جو استعمال تمام تيزي سان طبي تشخيص لاءِ پکڙجي ويو، خاص طور ٽٽل هڏن ۽ جسم اندر ڦاٿل غير ملڪي شين جي سڃاڻپ لاءِ، جتي اهي اڳين طريقن کان انقلابي بهتري ثابت ٿيا۔ ايڪس-ري جي وسيع استعمال ۽ [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي خطرن جي وڌندڙ سڃاڻپ سبب، ريڊيئيشن جي شدت لاءِ ماپ جا معيار ضروري ٿي پيا، ۽ مختلف ملڪن پنهنجا معيار ٺاهيا، پر مختلف تعريفن ۽ طريقن سان۔ آخرڪار، عالمي معيار قائم ڪرڻ لاءِ، 1925ع ۾ لنڊن ۾ ٿيل ريڊيولاجي جي پهرين عالمي ڪانگريس (ICR) ۾ ماپن جي ايڪن تي غور ڪرڻ لاءِ هڪ الڳ اداري جي تجويز ڏني وئي۔ هن اداري کي [[انٽرنيشنل ڪميشن آن ريڊيئيشن يونٽس اينڊ ميجرمينٽس]] (ICRU) سڏيو ويو،{{efn|شروعات ۾ ان کي انٽرنيشنل ايڪس-ري يونٽ ڪميٽي چيو ويندو هو}} ۽ اهو 1928ع ۾ اسٽاڪ هوم ۾ ٿيل ٻي ICR ۾ [[ماني سيگباهن]] جي صدارت هيٺ قائم ٿيو۔<ref>{{cite journal |last=Siegbahn |first=Manne |title=Recommendations of the International X-ray Unit Committee |journal=Radiology |date=October 1929 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=372–3 |doi=10.1148/13.4.372 |s2cid=74656044 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref> {{cite web |title = About ICRU - History |url = http://www.icru.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=63 |publisher = International Commission on Radiation Units & Measures |access-date = 2012-05-20}}</ref>{{efn|ابتدائي ICRU گڏجاڻين ۾ ميزبان ملڪ چيئرمين نامزد ڪندو هو۔}} ايڪس-ري جي شدت کي ماپڻ جي شروعاتي طريقن مان هڪ اهو هو ته انهن جي هوا ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي هڪ [[آئيون چيمبر]] ذريعي ماپيو وڃي۔ پهرين ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ تجويز پيش ڪئي وئي ته ايڪس-ري مقدار جي هڪ ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي ته اهو ايڪس-ري جو مقدار هجي جيڪو 0&nbsp;[[°C]] ۽ 1 [[معياري دٻاءُ|معياري فضا]] جي دٻاءَ تي سڪل هوا جي هڪ [[چورس سينٽي ميٽر]] ۾ هڪ [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب |esu]] چارج پيدا ڪري۔ هن [[ريڊيئيشن نمائش]] جي ايڪو کي رونٽگن سڏيو ويو، [[ولھيلم رونتجن]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو پنج سال اڳ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ 1937ع جي ICRU گڏجاڻي ۾ هن تعريف کي [[گاما ريڊيئيشن]] تائين وڌايو ويو۔<ref name=GM>{{cite conference |title = Dosimetry in Europe and the USSR |first1 = JH |last1 = Guill |first2 =John |last2 = Moteff |page = 64 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=czTi4G6-Hq8C&q=roentgen+redefinition&pg=PA63 |conference = Symposium on Radiation Effects and Dosimetry - Third Pacific Area Meeting American Society for Testing Materials, October 1959, San Francisco, 12–16 October 1959 |publisher = ASTM International |book-title = Third Pacific Area Meeting Papers — Materials in Nuclear Applications |series=American Society Technical Publication |volume=276 |lccn = 60014734 |date = June 1960 |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> هي طريقو، جيتوڻيڪ معيار سازي ۾ وڏي اڳڀرائي هو، پر ان جو نقصان اهو هو ته اهو ريڊيئيشن جي جذب جو سڌو ماپ نه هو، ۽ مختلف مادن، بشمول انساني ٽشو، ۾ آئيونائيزيشن اثر کي سڌو نه ڏيکاريندو هو؛ اهو صرف خشڪ هوا ۾ خاص حالتن هيٺ ايڪس-ري جي اثر کي ماپيندو هو۔<ref name=Lovell4>{{cite book |chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lK48AAAAIAAJ&q=roentgen+defined&pg=PA56 |title = An introduction to Radiation Dosimetry |first1 = S |last1 = Lovell |year = 1979 |chapter = 4: Dosimetric quantities and units |pages = 52–64 |isbn = 0-521-22436-5 |publisher = Cambridge University Press |access-date = 2012-05-15}}</ref> 1940ع ۾، [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]]، جيڪو انساني ٽشو تي نيوٽرون جي نقصان جي اثر جو مطالعو ڪري رهيو هو، [[وليم ويلنٽائن مينورڊ]] ۽ ريڊيو بايولاجسٽ جان ريڊ سان گڏ هڪ مقالو شايع ڪيو، جنهن ۾ هڪ نئين ماپ جي ايڪو "گرام رونتجن" (نشان: gr) تجويز ڪئي وئي، ۽ ان کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو ويو ته "اهو نيوٽرون ريڊيئيشن جو مقدار جيڪو ٽشو جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ توانائي ۾ اهڙو واڌارو پيدا ڪري، جيڪو پاڻي جي هڪ يونٽ حجم ۾ هڪ رونتجن ريڊيئيشن سان پيدا ٿيل واڌاري جي برابر هجي"۔<ref name="Gupta2009">{{cite book |last=Gupta |first=S. V. |title=Units of Measurement: Past, Present and Future : International System of Units |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHiKycrLmEQC&pg=PA144 |access-date=2012-05-14 |date=2009-11-19 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-642-00737-8 |page=144 |chapter=Louis Harold Gray}}</ref> هي ايڪو هوا ۾ 88&nbsp;erg جي برابر نڪتو، ۽ اهڙي طرح جذب ٿيل مقدار جو تصور پيدا ٿيو، جيڪو ريڊيئيشن ۽ مادي جي وچ ۾ تعامل تي دارومدار رکي ٿو، نه صرف ريڊيئيشن جي شدت تي جيئن رونتجن ۾ هو۔ 1953ع ۾ ICRU [[ريڊ (يونٽ)|ريڊ]] (100&nbsp;erg/g جي برابر) کي جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي نئين ايڪو طور سفارش ڪيو۔ ريڊ کي مربوط [[سي جي ايس نظام]] ۾ بيان ڪيو ويو۔<ref name=GM/> 1950ع جي آخر ۾، CGPM، ICRU کي ٻين سائنسي ادارن سان گڏجي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظامِ|ايڪن جي بين الاقوامي نظامِ ]] (SI) جي ترقي ۾ شامل ٿيڻ جي دعوت ڏني۔<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cc/ccu/ |title = CCU: Consultative Committee for Units |publisher = [[بين الاقوامي بيورو براءِ وزن ۽ ماپ]] (BIPM) |access-date = 2012-05-18}}</ref> CCU فيصلو ڪيو ته جذب ٿيل ريڊيئيشن جي SI ايڪو کي اهڙي طرح بيان ڪيو وڃي جيئن في يونٽ ماس جذب ڪندڙ مادي ۾ جمع ٿيل توانائي، جيڪا ريڊ جي تعريف سان ملندڙ هئي، پر [[ايم ڪي ايس نظام]] ۾ اها جول في ڪلوگرام جي برابر هئي۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين CGPM هن کي منظور ڪيو، ۽ هن ايڪو جو نالو "گري" رکيو ويو [[لوئس هيرالڊ گري]] جي اعزاز ۾، جيڪو 1965ع ۾ وفات ڪري چڪو هو۔ اهڙي طرح گري = 100&nbsp;ريڊ ٿيو۔ خاص طور تي، سينٽي گري (ريڊ جي برابر) اڃا تائين ريڊيئيشن ٿراپي ۾ وڏي پيماني تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ 1975ع ۾ 15هين [[جنرل ڪانفرنس آن ويٽس اينڊ ميجرز]] پاران گري کي [[آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن]] جي جذب، [[خاص توانائي جذب]]، ۽ [[ڪرما]] جي ايڪي طور اختيار ڪرڻ، اڌ صدي کان وڌيڪ عرصي جي تحقيق ۽ ترقي جو نتيجو هو، جنهن ۾ ريڊيئيشن جي فطرت جي سمجهه ۽ مربوط مقدار ۽ ايڪن جي تخليق شامل هئي۔<ref>{{SIBrochure8th |page = 157}}</ref> ==ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار== [[File:Radioactivity and radiation.png |thumb |400px |گراف جيڪو هڪ نقطي تي ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي ۽ سڃاڻپ ٿيل آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن جي وچ ۾ لاڳاپو ڏيکاري ٿو۔]] هيٺين جدول ۾ ريڊيئيشن (شعاعڪاري) سان لاڳاپيل مقدار [[ايس آءِ]] ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن ۾ ڏيکاريل آهن۔ {{Radiation related quantities}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{Annotated link |ڊوز ايريا پراڊڪٽ}} (Gy·cm²) * {{Annotated link|ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام}} * {{Annotated link |شعاعڪاري جي مقدار جا درجا}} * {{Annotated link |ريڊ (ايڪو)}} * {{Annotated link |رونتجن (ايڪو)}} * [[سيورٽ]] ==حوالا== {{Reflist |2}} <references group="lower-alpha"/> ==خارجي ڳنڍڻا== * {{cite conference |first=M.A. |last=Boyd |date=2009 |title=ريڊيئيشن ڊوزميٽري جو پيچيده دنيا |url=http://www.wmsym.org/archives/2009/pdfs/9444.pdf}} {{ريڊيئيشن تحفظ}} {{ايس آي وارا ايڪا}} {{آئونائزنگ ريڊيئيشن متعلق خاصيتون}} {{DEFAULTSORT:گري}} [[زمرو:ايٽمي فزڪس]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن تحفظ]] [[زمرو:ريڊيو ايڪٽيوٽي]] [[زمرو:ايس آءِ وارا ايڪا]] [[زمرو:ريڊيئيشن مقدار جا ايڪا]] 8jdodxnnzcayugtmq1sqge05ukwobg8 0 95877 375363 2026-05-02T12:55:12Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: هي ڊيٽابيس يا ڊيٽا بينڪن جي فهرستن جي هڪ فهرست آهي: * تعليمي ڊيٽابيس ۽ سرچ انجن جي فهرست * بايوڊيوائيزيشن ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * بائيولوجيڪل ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڪيميائي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آنڪوجينومڪ تحقيق لاءِ ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڊروسوفلا ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * جينيالاجي ڊ... 375363 wikitext text/x-wiki هي ڊيٽابيس يا ڊيٽا بينڪن جي فهرستن جي هڪ فهرست آهي: * تعليمي ڊيٽابيس ۽ سرچ انجن جي فهرست * بايوڊيوائيزيشن ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * بائيولوجيڪل ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڪيميائي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آنڪوجينومڪ تحقيق لاءِ ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڊروسوفلا ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * جينيالاجي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڊگهي نان ڪوڊنگ آر اين اي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * نيورو سائنس ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آن لائن ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آن لائن ميوزڪ ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست ==پڻ ڏسو== * [[ڊيٽا]] * [[ڊيٽابيس]] * [[فاڪس بيس]] * [[آن لائن ڊيٽابيس ٺاهيندڙ ايپليڪيشنن جي فهرست]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] [[زمرو:متفرق فهرستون]] ofw6gouq3uiaw66ainrc0zdroeeqw36 375364 375363 2026-05-02T12:56:42Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ڊيٽابيسن جي فهرست]] کي [[ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون]] ڏانھن چوريو 375363 wikitext text/x-wiki هي ڊيٽابيس يا ڊيٽا بينڪن جي فهرستن جي هڪ فهرست آهي: * تعليمي ڊيٽابيس ۽ سرچ انجن جي فهرست * بايوڊيوائيزيشن ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * بائيولوجيڪل ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڪيميائي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آنڪوجينومڪ تحقيق لاءِ ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڊروسوفلا ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * جينيالاجي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * ڊگهي نان ڪوڊنگ آر اين اي ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * نيورو سائنس ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آن لائن ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست * آن لائن ميوزڪ ڊيٽابيس جي فهرست ==پڻ ڏسو== * [[ڊيٽا]] * [[ڊيٽابيس]] * [[فاڪس بيس]] * [[آن لائن ڊيٽابيس ٺاهيندڙ ايپليڪيشنن جي فهرست]] [[زمرو:ڊيٽابيس]] [[زمرو:متفرق فهرستون]] ofw6gouq3uiaw66ainrc0zdroeeqw36 0 95878 375365 2026-05-02T12:56:42Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ڊيٽابيسن جي فهرست]] کي [[ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون]] ڏانھن چوريو 375365 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[ڊيٽابيسن جون فهرستون]] gsok92rn5wbp1tjsd873z0md79izkoo 14 95879 375376 2026-05-02T13:21:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] 375376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڊيٽا انتظام]] nuffmiyc5au8o4m2xz5nx3vm3jlycke 10 95880 375385 2026-05-02T13:40:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Infobox | bodyclass = ib-unit | 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{{#if:{{{inunits1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}}) | {{#if:{{{conversionslink|}}}|{{{conversionslink|}}}|تبديليون}} <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{calcinput|}}}|{{{calcinput|}}}|{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}}}{{#if:{{{nospacebefore|}}}||&nbsp;}}{{{symbol|{{lc:{{{name|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} | label12 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units1|}}} | data12 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits1|}}} }} | label13 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units2|}}} | data13 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits2|}}} }} | label14 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units3|}}} | data14 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits3|}}} }} | label15 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units4|}}} | data15 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits4|}}} }} | label16 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units5|}}} | data16 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits5|}}} }} | label17 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units6|}}} | data17 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits6|}}} }} | label18 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units7|}}} | data18 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units7|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits7|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits7|}}} }} <!------------- تبديليون (امپيريل) ---------------> | header20 = {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_imp1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp6|}}}|1|0}}) | تبديليون (امپيريل) <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}&nbsp;imp&nbsp;{{{symbol|ايڪو}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} <!---------------- تبديليون (آمريڪي) ------------------> | header30 = {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_us1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us6|}}}|1|0}}) | تبديليون (آمريڪي) <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}&nbsp;US&nbsp;{{{symbol|ايڪو}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} }}<!-- needed for dark mode e.g. [[Horsepower]]--><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" /> {{Documentation subpage}} fgdf65ski5rktf1qwi01fpq1wksm5ys 375390 375389 2026-05-02T13:45:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = ib-unit | above = {{{name|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}} | imageclass = {{{imageclass|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{imagesize|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | headerclass = <!------------------- عام ڄاڻ --------------------> | header1 = {{#if:{{{image|}}} |عام ڄاڻ}} | label2 = [[ماپن جي ايڪن جو نظام|ايڪن جو نظام]] | data2 = {{{standard|}}} | label3 = ايڪو&nbsp;جو | data3 = {{{quantity|}}} | label4 = نشان | data4 = {{#if:{{{symbol|}}}|{{{symbol}}}}}{{#if:{{{symbol2|}}}|, {{{symbol2}}}}}{{#if:{{{symbol3|}}}|, {{{symbol3}}}}}{{#if:{{{symbol4|}}}|, {{{symbol4}}}}} | label5 = نالو رکيل | data5 = {{{namedafter|}}} | header6 = {{{extraheader|}}} | label7 = {{{extralabel|}}} | data7 = {{{extradata|}}} | header8 = {{{extraheader2|}}} | label9 = {{{extralabel2|}}} | data9 = {{{extradata2|}}} <!------------------- تبديليون --------------------> | header10 = {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}}) | {{#if:{{{conversionslink|}}}|{{{conversionslink|}}}|تبديليون}} <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{calcinput|}}}|{{{calcinput|}}}|{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}}}}{{#if:{{{nospacebefore|}}}|| }}{{{symbol|{{lc:{{{name|{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} | label12 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units1|}}} | data12 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits1|}}} }} | label13 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units2|}}} | data13 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits2|}}} }} | label14 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units3|}}} | data14 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits3|}}} }} | label15 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units4|}}} | data15 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits4|}}} }} | label16 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units5|}}} | data16 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits5|}}} }} | label17 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units6|}}} | data17 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits6|}}} }} | label18 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units7|}}} | data18 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units7|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits7|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits7|}}} }} <!------------- تبديليون (امپيريل) ---------------> | header20 = {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_imp1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_imp6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp6|}}}|1|0}}) | تبديليون (امپيريل) <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}} imp {{{symbol|ايڪو}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} | label22 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp1|}}} | data22 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp1|}}} }} | label23 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp2|}}} | data23 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp2|}}} }} | label24 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp3|}}} | data24 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp3|}}} }} | label25 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp4|}}} | data25 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp4|}}} }} | label26 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp5|}}} | data26 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp5|}}} }} | label27 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_imp6|}}} | data27 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_imp6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_imp6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_imp6|}}} }} <!---------------- تبديليون (آمريڪي) ------------------> | header30 = {{#ifexpr: ({{#if:{{{units_us1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us1|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us2|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us3|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us4|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us5|}}}|1|0}}) or ({{#if:{{{units_us6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us6|}}}|1|0}}) | تبديليون (آمريڪي) <tr class="nowrap"><td>{{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|{{math|''x''}}|1}} US {{{symbol|ايڪو}}} ''۾ ...''</td><td>''... {{#if:{{{convertfromx|}}}|مطابقت رکي ٿو|برابر آهي}} ...''</td></tr> }} | label32 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us1|}}} | data32 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us1|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us1|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us1|}}} }} | label33 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us2|}}} | data33 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us2|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us2|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us2|}}} }} | label34 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us3|}}} | data34 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us3|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us3|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us3|}}} }} | label35 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us4|}}} | data35 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us4|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us4|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us4|}}} }} | label36 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us5|}}} | data36 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us5|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us5|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us5|}}} }} | label37 = {{nbsp|3}}{{{units_us6|}}} | data37 = {{#ifexpr:({{#if:{{{units_us6|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{inunits_us6|}}}|1|0}}) |{{nbsp|3}}{{{inunits_us6|}}} }} }}<!-- dark mode لاءِ گهربل، مثال طور [[هارس پاور]]--><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox/styles-images.css" /><!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox unit with unknown parameters|VALUE{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=صفحو [[سانچو:Infobox unit]] کي نامعلوم پيراميٽر "VALUE" سان استعمال ڪري رهيو آهي|ignoreblank=y| alt | calcinput | caption | conversionslink | convertfromx | extradata | extradata2 | extraheader | extraheader2 | extralabel | extralabel2 | image | imageclass | imagesize | inunits_imp1 | inunits_imp2 | inunits_imp3 | inunits_imp4 | inunits_imp5 | inunits_imp6 | inunits_us1 | inunits_us2 | inunits_us3 | inunits_us4 | inunits_us5 | inunits_us6 | inunits1 | inunits2 | inunits3 | inunits4 | inunits5 | inunits6 | inunits7 | name | namedafter | nospacebefore | quantity | standard | symbol | symbol2 | symbol3 | symbol4 | units_imp1 | units_imp2 | units_imp3 | units_imp4 | units_imp5 | units_imp6 | units_us1 | units_us2 | units_us3 | units_us4 | units_us5 | units_us6 | units1 | units2 | units3 | units4 | units5 | units6 | units7 }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> jjwomvszjs4k6trnj8dliee7yf03wyb 0 95881 375388 2026-05-02T13:41:36Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[ڊيموگرافي]] کي [[آباديات]] ڏانھن چوريو 375388 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[آباديات]] fmybinrb9jey2h7xdp5shsexnjubizt 10 95882 375391 2026-05-02T13:48:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏيکاريل هنڌ تي زمرا شامل ڪريو --> {{Parameter names example |name |image |caption |standard |quantity |symbol |symbol2 |symbol3 |symbol4 |namedafter |extraheader |extralabel |extradata |units1 |inunits1 |units2 |inunits2 |units3=...... |inunits3=...... |units6 |inunits6 |units_imp1 |i... 375391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏيکاريل هنڌ تي زمرا شامل ڪريو --> {{Parameter names example |name |image |caption |standard |quantity |symbol |symbol2 |symbol3 |symbol4 |namedafter |extraheader |extralabel |extradata |units1 |inunits1 |units2 |inunits2 |units3=...... |inunits3=...... |units6 |inunits6 |units_imp1 |inunits_imp1 |units_imp2 |inunits_imp2 |units_imp3=...... |inunits_imp3=...... |units_imp6 |inunits_imp6 |units_us1 |inunits_us1 |units_us2 |inunits_us2 |units_us3=...... |inunits_us3=...... |units_us6 |inunits_us6 |authority |event |effective |definition }} == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | bgcolor || جدول جي پس منظر جو رنگ |- | name || ايڪي جو نالو (ڊفالٽ طور {{tld|PAGENAME}}). نالي کي اهڙي طرح وڏو/ننڍو لکو جيئن اهو ڪنهن جملي جي وچ ۾ اچي، مثال طور، "watt" نه ڪي "Watt". |- | image || انفو باڪس لاءِ تصوير (مڪمل وڪي ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو؛ "thumb" پيراميٽر کان پاسو ڪريو) |- | caption || تصوير لاءِ وضاحتي عبارت |- | standard || ايڪن جو نظام ([[ماپ جو نظام]]) جنهن جو هي ايڪو حصو آهي (مثال طور [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|SI]]) |- | quantity || [[طبعي مقدار|مقدار]] جو قسم جنهن جو هي ايڪو آهي |- | symbol || [[ماپ جا ايڪا|ايڪي]] لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ نشان |- | symbol2 || ايڪي لاءِ ٻيو، متبادل نشان |- | symbol3 || ايڪي لاءِ ٽيون نشان |- | symbol4 || ايڪي لاءِ چوٿون نشان |- | nospacebefore || جيڪڏهن هن ايڪي جي قيمت ۽ نشان جي وچ ۾ خالي جاءِ نه هئڻ گهرجي ته "yes" مقرر ڪريو۔ |- | namedafter || اهو شخص جنهن جي نالي تي ايڪو رکيو ويو آهي |- | extraheader<br>extralabel<br>extradata<br>extraheader2<br>extralabel2<br>extradata2 || متفرق ڄاڻ (مثال طور، جيڪڏهن رڳو هڪ ايڪي جي تبديلي ڏنل هجي) |- | conversionslink || "Conversions" سرخي کي بدلائي لکو، مثال طور جڏهن تبديلي واري صفحي ڏانهن ڳنڍ ڏني وڃي۔ |- |- | convertfromx || جڏهن هن ايڪي مان تبديليون سادي ضرب سان ظاهر نه ٿي سگهن ته "yes" مقرر ڪريو۔ جڏهن هي ڏنو وڃي، تبديلي واريون سرخيون "1 {{{symbol}}} '' in''" بدران "{{math|''x''}} {{{symbol}}} ''in''" سان شروع ٿين ٿيون، ۽ "... is equal to ..." کي "... corresponds to ..." سان بدلايو وڃي ٿو۔ |- | calcinput || جڏهن هي ڏنو وڃي، تبديلي واريون سرخيون "{{{calcinput}}} {{{symbol}}}" سان شروع ٿين ٿيون۔ [[سانچو:Calculator]] سان استعمال لاءِ۔ |- | units''N'' || ايندڙ تبديلي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ ايڪن جي نظام جو نالو، جتي ''N'' 1 کان 6 تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو |- | inunits''N'' || تبديليون: ايڪو {{{units''N''}}} ۾ ظاهر ڪيل، جتي ''N'' 1 کان 6 تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو |- | inunits_imp''N'' || امپيريل تبديليون: ايڪو {{{units_imp''N''}}} ۾ ظاهر ڪيل، جتي ''N'' 1 کان 6 تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو |- | inunits_us''N'' || آمريڪي تبديليون: ايڪو {{{units_us''N''}}} ۾ ظاهر ڪيل، جتي ''N'' 1 کان 6 تائين ٿي سگهي ٿو |} == مثال == === ڪولمب === {{Infobox unit{{\sandbox}} | name = ڪولمب | standard = [[SI]] | quantity = [[برقي چارج]] | symbol = C | namedafter = [[شارل-آگستين ڊي ڪولمب]] | units1 = [[SI بنيادي ايڪا]] | inunits1 = 1 [[ايمپيئر|A]]⋅[[سيڪنڊ|s]] | units2 = [[CGS ايڪا]] | inunits2 = {{val|2997924580}} [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب|statC]] | units3 = [[قدرتي ايڪا#قدرتي ايڪا (ذرڙاتي طبيعيات)|قدرتي ايڪا]] | inunits3 = {{val|6.242|e=18}} [[ابتدائي چارج|''e'']] }} {| | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox unit | name = ڪولمب | standard = [[SI]] | quantity = [[برقي چارج]] | symbol = C | namedafter = [[شارل-آگستين ڊي ڪولمب]] | units1 = [[SI بنيادي ايڪا]] | inunits1 = 1 [[ايمپيئر|A]]⋅[[سيڪنڊ|s]] | units2 = [[CGS ايڪا]] | inunits2 = {{val|2997924580}} [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب|statC]] | units3 = [[قدرتي ايڪا#قدرتي ايڪا (ذرڙاتي طبيعيات)|قدرتي ايڪا]] | inunits3 = {{val|6.242|e=18}} [[ابتدائي چارج|''e'']] }} </syntaxhighlight> |} {{clear}} === ڪلوگرام === {{Infobox unit{{\sandbox}} | name = ڪلوگرام | image = [[File:CGKilogram.jpg|300px]] | caption = {{longitem|IPK (بين الاقوامي نمونوي ڪلوگرام) جي ڪمپيوٽر سان ٺاهيل تصوير۔ IPK ئي ڪلوگرام {{em|آهي}}۔ ماپ لاءِ اهو انچ تي ٻڌل حڪمران جي ڀرسان رکيل آهي۔}} | standard = [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|SI]] | quantity = [[ماس]] | symbol = kg | units1 = [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا|آمريڪي رواجي]] | inunits1 = ≈ {{val|2.205|u=[[پائونڊ (ماس)|پائونڊ]]}} | units2 = [[ايٽمي ايڪا]] | inunits2 = ≈ {{val|1.0978|e=30|u=''m''_e}} }} {| | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox unit | name = ڪلوگرام | image = [[File:CGKilogram.jpg|300px]] | caption = {{longitem|IPK جي ڪمپيوٽر سان ٺاهيل تصوير [...] }} | standard = [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|SI]] | quantity = [[ماس]] | symbol = kg | units1 = [[آمريڪي رواجي ايڪا|آمريڪي رواجي]] | inunits1 = ≈ {{val|2.205|u=[[پائونڊ (ماس)|پائونڊ]]}} | units2 = [[ايٽمي ايڪا]] | inunits2 = ≈ {{val|1.0978|e=30|u=''m''_e}} }} </syntaxhighlight> |} {{clear}} === هرٽز === {{Infobox unit{{\sandbox}} | name = هرٽز | standard = [[SI]] | quantity = [[تعدد]] | symbol = Hz | namedafter = [[هائنرخ هرٽز]] | extralabel = [[SI بنيادي ايڪا]] ۾ | extradata = 1 Hz = 1/[[سيڪنڊ|s]] }} {| | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox unit | name = هرٽز | standard = [[SI]] | quantity = [[تعدد]] | symbol = Hz | namedafter = [[هائنرخ هرٽز]] | extralabel = [[SI بنيادي ايڪا]] ۾ | extradata = 1 Hz = 1/[[سيڪنڊ|s]] }} </syntaxhighlight> |} === مڪمل خالي نحو === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto;"> {{Infobox unit | bgcolor = | name = | image = | caption = | standard = | quantity = | symbol = | symbol2 = | symbol3 = | symbol4 = | nospacebefore = | namedafter = | extraheader = | extralabel = | extradata = | extraheader2 = | extralabel2 = | extradata2 = | convertfromx = | units1 = | inunits1 = <!--...--> | units6 = | inunits6 = | units_imp1 = | inunits_imp1 = <!--...--> | units_imp6 = | inunits_imp6 = | units_us1 = | inunits_us1 = <!--...--> | units_us6 = | inunits_us6 = }} </syntaxhighlight> == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * {{tlx|Infobox physical quantity}} == زمرا == * {{clc| Pages using infobox unit with unknown parameters}} == سانچو ڊيٽا == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "ماپ جي ايڪن لاءِ انفو باڪس.", "format": "{{_\n| _____________ = _\n}}", "params": { "name": {}, "image": {}, "imagesize": {}, "alt": {}, "caption": {}, "standard": {}, "quantity": {}, "symbol": {}, "namedafter": {}, "units1": {}, "inunits1": {}, "units2": {}, "inunits2": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "image", "imagesize", "alt", "caption", "standard", "quantity", "symbol", "namedafter", "units1", "inunits1", "units2", "inunits2" ] } </templatedata> <!-- == وڌيڪ ڏسو == --> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- مهرباني ڪري، هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:طبيعيات جا انفو باڪس سانچا|ايڪو]] [[es:Plantilla:Ficha de unidad]] }}</includeonly> 1t5l7pi2gnlk57dg5igqdjmfp5busmb 10 95883 375392 2026-05-02T13:53:38Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: /* {{pp-template}} */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img { background: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img { background: white; } } 375392 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img { background: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img { background: white; } } pjojbxx5a40qdgq9on8w4p6f0elc881 10 95884 375393 2026-05-02T14:00:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار {{navbar|Radiation related quantities|plain=y}} ! مقدار ! ايڪو ! نشان ! اخذ ! سال ! [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|ايس آءِ]] برابر |- |rowspan="3"| [[مخصوص سرگرمي|سرگرمي]] (''A'') | [[بيڪريل]] | Bq | s⁻¹ | 1974 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[ڪيوري (ايڪو)|ڪيوري]]... 375393 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ آئونيائيزنگ ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدار {{navbar|Radiation related quantities|plain=y}} ! مقدار ! ايڪو ! نشان ! اخذ ! سال ! [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|ايس آءِ]] برابر |- |rowspan="3"| [[مخصوص سرگرمي|سرگرمي]] (''A'') | [[بيڪريل]] | Bq | s⁻¹ | 1974 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[ڪيوري (ايڪو)|ڪيوري]] | Ci | {{val|3.7|e=10|u=s-1}} | 1953 | {{convert|1|Ci|Bq|disp=out|abbr=on}} |- | [[رڌرفورڊ (ايڪو)|رڌرفورڊ]] | Rd | 10⁶&nbsp;s⁻¹ | 1946 <!-- (1) https://books.google.com/books?id=0j4rAAAAYAAJ&lpg=RA2-PA11&dq=rutherford%2C%20disintegrations%2C%20second&pg=RA2-PA11#v=onepage&q=rutherford,%20disintegrations,%20second&f=false (2) PMIDs 20987703, 17836457, 20999951, 20989156 --> | {{convert|1|Rd|Bq|disp=out|abbr=on|comma=gaps}} |- |rowspan="2"|[[ريڊيئيشن نمائش|نمائش]] (''X'') | [[ڪولمب]] في [[ڪلوگرام]] | C/kg | هوا جو C⋅kg⁻¹ | 1974 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[رونتجن (ايڪو)|رونتجن]] | R | هوا جو [[اسٽيٽ ڪولمب|esu]] / {{val|0.001293|u=g}} | 1928 | {{val|2.58|e=−4|u=C/kg}} |- |rowspan="3"| [[جذب ٿيل مقدار]] (''D'') | [[گري (ايڪو)|گري]] | Gy | [[جول|J]]⋅kg⁻¹ | 1974 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[ارگ]] في گرام | erg/g | erg⋅g⁻¹ | 1950 | {{val|1.0|e=−4|u=Gy}} |- | [[ريڊ (ايڪو)|ريڊ]] | rad | 100&nbsp;erg⋅g⁻¹ | 1953 | {{convert|1|rad|Gy|disp=out|abbr=on}} |- |rowspan = "2"| [[برابر مقدار]] (''H'') | [[سيورٽ]] | Sv | J⋅kg⁻¹ × [[سيورٽ#تحفظي مقدار جي ڳڻپ|''W''_''R'']] | 1977 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[رونتجن برابر انسان]] | rem | 100&nbsp;erg⋅g⁻¹ × [[سيورٽ#تحفظي مقدار جي ڳڻپ|''W''_''R'']] | 1971 | {{convert|1|rem|Sv|disp=out|abbr=on}} |- |rowspan = "2"|[[مؤثر مقدار (شعاعڪاري)|مؤثر مقدار]] (''E'') | [[سيورٽ]] | Sv | J⋅kg⁻¹ × [[سيورٽ#تحفظي مقدار جي ڳڻپ|''W''_''R'' × ''W''_''T'']] | 1977 | {{n/a|ايس آءِ ايڪو}} |- | [[رونتجن برابر انسان]] | rem | 100&nbsp;erg⋅g⁻¹ × [[سيورٽ#تحفظي مقدار جي ڳڻپ|''W''_''R'' × ''W''_''T'']] | 1971 | {{convert|1|rem|Sv|disp=out|abbr=on}} |- |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> t935lmq7ueexfqqnbclqwwa5k6zvu3m 10 95885 375394 2026-05-02T14:03:40Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدارن جي هڪ جدول ڏيکاري ٿو، جيڪا ريڊيئيشن بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ آهي۔ اهو ايس آء... 375394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيئيشن سان لاڳاپيل مقدارن جي هڪ جدول ڏيکاري ٿو، جيڪا ريڊيئيشن بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ آهي۔ اهو ايس آءِ ايڪن ۽ غير-ايس آءِ ايڪن لاءِ تبديليون، انهن جي اختيار ڪرڻ جو سال، انهن جا نشان، ۽ هر ايڪي جي اخذ (derivation) مهيا ڪري ٿو۔ هي جدول هيٺين وڪي ٽيڪسٽ استعمال ڪندي شامل ڪري سگهجي ٿو: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Radiation related quantities}} </syntaxhighlight> == پيراميٽر == هن سانچي وٽ ڪو به پيراميٽر ناهي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:طبيعيات جا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 06zn6cc75gihjcqzhij58aav9k20tcq 10 95886 375395 2026-05-02T14:06:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس|2=Radiometry coefficients}} |- ! colspan="2" | مقدار ! rowspan="2" | ايس آءِ ايڪا ! rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! نالو ! {{abbr|نشان|Symbol}} |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|نيم-گوليائي اخراجيت]] | {{mvar|ε}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان نڪ... 375395 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس|2=Radiometry coefficients}} |- ! colspan="2" | مقدار ! rowspan="2" | ايس آءِ ايڪا ! rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! نالو ! {{abbr|نشان|Symbol}} |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|نيم-گوليائي اخراجيت]] | {{mvar|ε}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان نڪرندڙ ريڊيئنٽ اخراج، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي اخراج سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|طيفي نيم-گوليائي اخراجيت]] | {{mvar|ε_ν}} <br /> {{mvar|ε_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' جو طيفي اخراج، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي اخراج سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|رخياتي اخراجيت]] | {{math|''ε''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان نڪرندڙ ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|طيفي رخياتي اخراجيت]] | {{math|''ε''_Ω,''ν''}}<br /> {{math|''ε''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' جي طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبائيت|نيم-گوليائي جذبائيت]] | {{mvar|A}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ ان کي "[[جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبائيت|طيفي نيم-گوليائي جذبائيت]] | {{mvar|A_ν}}<br />{{mvar|A_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ ان کي "[[طيفي جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبائيت|رخياتي جذبائيت]] | {{math|''A''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪا انهيءَ سطح تي اچي ٿي۔ ان کي "[[جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبائيت|طيفي رخياتي جذبائيت]] | {{math|''A''_Ω,''ν''}}<br /> {{math|''A''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪا انهيءَ سطح تي اچي ٿي۔ ان کي "[[طيفي جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|نيم-گوليائي انعڪاسيت]] | {{mvar|R}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|طيفي نيم-گوليائي انعڪاسيت]] | {{mvar|R_ν}}<br />{{mvar|R_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|رخياتي انعڪاسيت]] | {{math|''R''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|طيفي رخياتي انعڪاسيت]] | {{math|''R''_Ω,''ν''}}<br />{{math|''R''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[ترسيل|نيم-گوليائي ترسيل]] | {{mvar|T}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[ترسيل|طيفي نيم-گوليائي ترسيل]] | {{mvar|T_ν}}<br />{{mvar|T_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[ترسيل|رخياتي ترسيل]] | {{math|''T''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[ترسيل|طيفي رخياتي ترسيل]] | {{math|''T''_Ω,ν}}<br />{{math|''T''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|نيم-گوليائي گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{mvar|μ}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|طيفي نيم-گوليائي گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{mvar|μ_ν}}<br />{{mvar|μ_λ}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل طيفي فلوڪس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|رخياتي گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{math|''μ''_Ω}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل ريڊيئنس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|طيفي رخياتي گهٽتائي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{math|''μ''_Ω,''ν''}}<br />{{math|''μ''_Ω,''λ''}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل طيفي ريڊيئنس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- مهرباني ڪري هن سانچي جا زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو، هتي نه --> </noinclude> 5x45xkpitjhimbfkodh77fcruh1iukt 375398 375395 2026-05-02T14:46:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375398 wikitext text/x-wiki {|class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس|2=Radiometry coefficients}} |- ! colspan="2" | مقدار ! rowspan="2" | ايس آءِ ايڪا ! rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! نالو ! {{abbr|نشان|Symbol}} |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|نيم-گوليائي اخراجيت]] | {{mvar|ε}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان نڪرندڙ ريڊيئنٽ اخراج، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي اخراج سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) نيم-گوليائي اخراجيت]] | {{mvar|ε_ν}} <br /> {{mvar|ε_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' جو طيفي اخراج، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي اخراج سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|رخياتي اخراجيت]] | {{math|''ε''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان نڪرندڙ ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FFF5F5" | [[اخراجيت|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) رخياتي اخراجيت]] | {{math|''ε''_Ω,''ν''}}<br /> {{math|''ε''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' جي طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ''ڪاري جسم'' جي ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل، جيڪو ساڳئي گرمي پد تي هجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبئيت|نيم-گوليائي جذبئيت]] | {{mvar|A}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ ان کي "[[جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبئيت|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) نيم-گوليائي جذبئيت]] | {{mvar|A_ν}}<br />{{mvar|A_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ ان کي "[[طيفي جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبئيت|رخياتي جذبئيت]] | {{math|''A''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪا انهيءَ سطح تي اچي ٿي۔ ان کي "[[جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #FDFFF5" | [[جذبائيت|طيفي رخياتي جذبائيت]] | {{math|''A''_Ω,''ν''}}<br /> {{math|''A''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران جذب ڪيل طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪا انهيءَ سطح تي اچي ٿي۔ ان کي "[[طيفي جذب]]" سان نه ملائجي۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|نيم-گوليائي انعڪاسيت]] | {{mvar|R}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) نيم-گوليائي انعڪاسيت]] | {{mvar|R_ν}}<br />{{mvar|R_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|رخياتي انعڪاسيت]] | {{math|''R''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FFF8" | [[انعڪاسيت|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) رخياتي انعڪاسيت]] | {{math|''R''_Ω,''ν''}}<br />{{math|''R''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' پاران موٽايل طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[منتقلي|نيم-گوليائي منتقلي]] | {{mvar|T}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[منتقلي|طيفي نيم-گوليائي منتقلي]] | {{mvar|T_ν}}<br />{{mvar|T_λ}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ طيفي فلوڪس، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[منتقلي|رخياتي منتقلي]] | {{math|''T''_Ω}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #F5FAFF" | [[منتقلي|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) رخياتي منتقلي]] | {{math|''T''_Ω,ν}}<br />{{math|''T''_Ω,''λ''}} | {{n/a}} | ڪنهن ''سطح'' مان گذرندڙ طيفي ريڊيئنس، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ سطح تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|نيم-گوليائي تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{mvar|μ}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل ريڊيئنٽ فلوڪس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|طيفي نيم-گوليائي تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{mvar|μ_ν}}<br />{{mvar|μ_λ}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل طيفي فلوڪس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ فلوڪس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|رخياتي تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{math|''μ''_Ω}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل ريڊيئنس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |- | style="background: #FCF5FF" | [[تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ|اسپيڪٽرل (طيفي) رخياتي تخفيفي ڪوئيفيشينٽ]] | {{math|''μ''_Ω,''ν''}}<br />{{math|''μ''_Ω,''λ''}} | m⁻¹ | ڪنهن ''حجم'' ۾ جذب ۽ پکڙيل طيفي ريڊيئنس في يونٽ ڊيگهه، انهيءَ ريڊيئنس سان ورهايل جيڪو انهيءَ حجم تي پوي ٿو۔ |}<noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- مهرباني ڪري هن سانچي جا زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو، هتي نه --> </noinclude> iaat8aylpu6doguztqssrlyvs3dkup0 10 95887 375396 2026-05-02T14:10:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو، جيڪا ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ آهي۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = غير مقرر يا خالي'''... 375396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو، جيڪا ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ آهي۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = غير مقرر يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جو عنوان "ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس" طور ڏيکاريندو۔ '''1 = <number>''' سانچو جدول جو نمبر عنوان جي حصي طور هيٺين صورت ۾ ڏيکاريندو: "ٽيبل <number>. ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس"، جتي <number> ڏنل نمبر (يا ٻيو ڪو جدول سڃاڻپ) ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:نيوبار-هيڊر]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:طبيعيات جا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> s9da9hh0rntsuqgze4kxf6xt8kx32zh 10 95888 375399 2026-05-02T14:49:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{anchor|table-si-radiometry-units}} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|معيار... 375399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{anchor|table-si-radiometry-units}} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] صلاح ڏين ٿيون تہ ريڊيوميٽرڪ [[جسماني مقدار|مقدارن]] کي لاحقو "e" (يعني "توانائيءَ سان لاڳاپيل") سان ڏيکاريو وڃي، جيئن فوٽو ميٽرڪ يا [[فوٽون]] مقدار سان مونجهارو نه ٿئي۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-e}} ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري توانائي]] | {{math|''Q''{{sub|e}}}}{{#tag:ref|ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متبادل نشان پڻ ڏٺا وڃن ٿا: {{mvar|W}} يا {{mvar|E}} تابڪاري توانائي لاءِ، {{mvar|P}} يا {{mvar|F}} تابڪاري وهڪري لاءِ، {{mvar|I}} ايريڊيئنس لاءِ، {{mvar|W}} تابڪاري اخراج لاءِ۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-alternative-symbol-radiometric}} | [[جول]] | [[جول|J]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | برقي مقناطيسي شعاعن جي توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" style=white-space:nowrap | [[تابڪاري توانائي ڪثافت]] | {{math|''w''{{sub|e}}}} | جول في ڪعبي&nbsp;ميٽر | J/m{{sup|3}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|−1}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | في حجم تابڪاري توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|e}}}}{{#tag:ref||group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-alternative-symbol-radiometric}} | [[واٽ]] | [[واٽ|W]] = J/s | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | في وقت نڪرندڙ، موٽندڙ، منتقل ٿيندڙ يا حاصل ٿيندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" rowspan=2 | [[تابڪاري وهڪرو|طيفي وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|e,''ν''}}}}{{#tag:ref|فريڪوئنسي في يونٽ طيفي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "ν" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-nu}} | واٽ في [[هرٽز]] | W/[[هرٽز|Hz]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | rowspan=2 | فريڪوئنسي يا طول موج في يونٽ وهڪرو۔ |- | {{math|Φ{{sub|e,''λ''}}}}{{#tag:ref|طول موج في يونٽ طيفي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "λ" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-lambda}} | واٽ في ميٽر | W/m | '''M'''⋅'''L'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري شدت]] | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω}}}}{{#tag:ref|سمتي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "Ω" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-omega}} | واٽ في [[اسٽيريڊيئن]] | W/[[اسٽيريڊيئن|sr]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | زاويه في يونٽ وهڪرو۔ |- ! scope="row" rowspan=2 | [[تابڪاري شدت|طيفي شدت]] | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω,''ν''}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في هرٽز | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅Hz{{sup|−1}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | rowspan=2 | طيفي شدت۔ |- | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω,''λ''}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في ميٽر | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅m{{sup|−1}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري چمڪ]] | {{math|''L''{{sub|e,Ω}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅m{{sup|−2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري مان نڪرندڙ يا موٽندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[ايريڊيئنس]] | {{math|''E''{{sub|e}}}} | واٽ في چورس ميٽر | W/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري تي حاصل ٿيندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[ريڊيئيشن اخراج]] | {{math|''M''{{sub|e}}}} | واٽ في چورس ميٽر | W/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري مان نڪرندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري نمائش]] | {{math|''H''{{sub|e}}}} | جول في چورس ميٽر | J/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | مٿاڇري تي ڪل حاصل ٿيل توانائي۔ |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=6 | وڌيڪ ڏسو: {{hlist|class=inline|[[ايس آءِ]]|[[ريڊيوميٽري]]|[[فوٽو ميٽري]]}} |} {{#if:{{{3|}}}||{{Reflist|group=nb}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nvkqb0ddv15bzkp3ul5yaktjz7ofye6 375405 375399 2026-05-02T14:57:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{anchor|table-si-radiometry-units}} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] صلاح ڏين ٿيون تہ ريڊيوميٽرڪ [[جسماني مقدار|مقدارن]] کي لاحقو "e" (يعني "توانائيءَ سان لاڳاپيل") سان ڏيکاريو وڃي، جيئن فوٽو ميٽرڪ يا [[فوٽون]] مقدار سان مونجهارو نه ٿئي۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-e}} ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري توانائي]] | {{math|''Q''{{sub|e}}}}{{#tag:ref|ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متبادل نشان پڻ ڏٺا وڃن ٿا: {{mvar|W}} يا {{mvar|E}} تابڪاري توانائي لاءِ، {{mvar|P}} يا {{mvar|F}} تابڪاري وهڪري لاءِ، {{mvar|I}} ايريڊيئنس لاءِ، {{mvar|W}} تابڪاري اخراج لاءِ۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-alternative-symbol-radiometric}} | [[جول]] | [[جول|J]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | برقي مقناطيسي شعاعن جي توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" style=white-space:nowrap | [[تابڪاري توانائي ڪثافت]] | {{math|''w''{{sub|e}}}} | جول في ڪعبي&nbsp;ميٽر | J/m{{sup|3}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|−1}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | في حجم تابڪاري توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|e}}}}{{#tag:ref||group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-alternative-symbol-radiometric}} | [[واٽ]] | [[واٽ|W]] = J/s | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | في وقت نڪرندڙ، موٽندڙ، منتقل ٿيندڙ يا حاصل ٿيندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" rowspan=2 | [[تابڪاري وهڪرو|طيفي وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|e,''ν''}}}}{{#tag:ref|فريڪوئنسي في يونٽ طيفي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "ν" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-nu}} | واٽ في [[هرٽز]] | W/[[هرٽز|Hz]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | rowspan=2 | فريڪوئنسي يا طول موج في يونٽ وهڪرو۔ |- | {{math|Φ{{sub|e,''λ''}}}}{{#tag:ref|طول موج في يونٽ طيفي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "λ" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-lambda}} | واٽ في ميٽر | W/m | '''M'''⋅'''L'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري شدت]] | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω}}}}{{#tag:ref|سمتي مقدار لاءِ لاحقو "Ω" استعمال ڪيو وڃي ٿو۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-omega}} | واٽ في [[اسٽيريڊيئن]] | W/[[اسٽيريڊيئن|sr]] | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | زاويه في يونٽ وهڪرو۔ |- ! scope="row" rowspan=2 | [[تابڪاري شدت|طيفي شدت]] | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω,''ν''}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في هرٽز | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅Hz{{sup|−1}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''{{sup|2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | rowspan=2 | طيفي شدت۔ |- | {{math|''I''{{sub|e,Ω,''λ''}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في ميٽر | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅m{{sup|−1}} | '''M'''⋅'''L'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري چمڪ]] | {{math|''L''{{sub|e,Ω}}}} | واٽ في اسٽيريڊيئن في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر | W⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅m{{sup|−2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري مان نڪرندڙ يا موٽندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[ايريڊيئنس]] | {{math|''E''{{sub|e}}}} | واٽ في چورس ميٽر | W/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري تي حاصل ٿيندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[ريڊيئيشن اخراج]] | {{math|''M''{{sub|e}}}} | واٽ في چورس ميٽر | W/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−3}} | مٿاڇري مان نڪرندڙ توانائي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[تابڪاري نمائش]] | {{math|''H''{{sub|e}}}} | جول في چورس ميٽر | J/m{{sup|2}} | '''M'''⋅'''T'''{{sup|−2}} | مٿاڇري تي ڪل حاصل ٿيل توانائي۔ |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=6 | وڌيڪ ڏسو: {{hlist|class=inline|[[ايس آءِ]]|[[ريڊيوميٽري]]|[[فوٽو ميٽري]]}} |} {{#if:{{{3|}}}||<references group="nb" />}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> e9nsq15aug1f2ayv1f9lsesq1okfw8a 10 95889 375401 2026-05-02T14:54:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخ... 375401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي عمل کي بهتر ترتيب ڏيڻ لاءِ ٽي اختياري پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = غير مقرر يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي عنوان "ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا" کان اڳ "ٽيبل X. " وارو متن نه ڏيکاريندو۔ '''1 = <number>''' سانچو جدول جو نمبر جدول جي سرخي جي حصي طور هيٺين صورت ۾ ڏيکاريندو: "ٽيبل <number>. ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا."، جتي <number> ڏنل نمبر (يا ٻي جدول سڃاڻپ) لاءِ جاءِ ڀريندڙ آهي۔ === پيراميٽر 2 === '''2 = غير مقرر يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي آخر ۾ "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ نه ڏيکاريندو۔ '''2 = "self"''' سانچو جدول جي آخر ۾ "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ ڏيکاريندو، جيڪا تيز ڀيٽ لاءِ ساڳئي مضمون اندر لاڳاپيل فوٽو ميٽري جدول ڏانهن وٺي ويندي۔ ان لاءِ ضروري آهي ته فوٽو ميٽري جدول به <code><nowiki>{{SI light units}}</nowiki></code> سانچي وسيلي شامل ٿيل هجي۔ ڀيٽ لاءِ مضمون کي ٻيهر لوڊ ڪرڻ ضروري ناهي۔ '''2 = "self" کان سواءِ ڪا به غير خالي اسٽرنگ''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ ڏيکاريندو، جيئن مٿي بيان ٿيل آهي۔ پر اها ڳنڍ ساڳئي مضمون اندر نه، بلڪه الڳ مضمون "[[فوٽو ميٽري (بصريات)]]" ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل فوٽو ميٽري جدول ڏانهن ويندي، جتي <code><nowiki>{{SI radiometry units}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ٿيل هوندو۔ اهو تڏهن مفيد آهي، جڏهن ٻي جدول مضمون ۾ شامل نه ڪرڻي هجي۔ === پيراميٽر 3 === '''3 = غير مقرر''' جدول جا حاشيا "nb" نالي حوالا گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا ۽ جدول کان فوراً پوءِ ڏيکاريا ويندا۔ مضمون جي ٻين حوالن سان ٽڪراءُ کان بچڻ لاءِ، خارجي حوالن لاءِ ٻيا گروپ نالا استعمال ڪرڻ مناسب آهي (ڊفالٽ ""). ٻي صورت ۾ اهي خارجي حوالا به جدول کان پوءِ ئي فهرست ٿيندا۔ '''3 = خالي، يعني: ""''' جدول جا حاشيا مضمون جي ڊفالٽ گروپ "" ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا، جيئن مخصوص گروپ نالن کانسواءِ ٻين سڀني حوالن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ضروري آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪٿي نه ڪٿي هٿ سان <code><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> ٽيگ يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ اتي ئي حاشيا ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = <groupname>''' جدول جا حاشيا groupname ۾ ڏنل نالي واري حوالا گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا۔ ضروري آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪٿي نه ڪٿي هٿ سان <code><nowiki><references group="<groupname>"/></nowiki></code> ٽيگ يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist|group=<groupname>}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ اتي ئي حاشيا ظاهر ٿيندا۔ مختصر گروپ نالو استعمال ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪريو، ڇو ته ان سان جدول وڌيڪ سٺي لڳندي۔ === مثال === ڪجهه آسان مثال: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI radiometry units}} {{SI radiometry units|1}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare}} {{SI radiometry units||compare}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare|""}} {{SI radiometry units|1||""}} {{SI radiometry units||compare|""}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare|Note}} {{SI radiometry units|||notes}} {{SI radiometry units||compare|Note}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (گروپ "nb" ۾ الڳ الڳ گڏ ڪيل حاشيا): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (الڳ نالي وارن گروپن ۾ انفرادي حاشيا، مثال طور "T1" ۽ "T2"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|T1}} {{Reflist|group=T1}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|T2}} {{Reflist|group=T2}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (گڏيل حاشيا، مثال طور گروپ "nb" ۾): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|nb}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|nb}} ... {{Reflist|group=nb}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (ڊفالٽ حوالن سان گڏيل حاشيا): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|""}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|""}} ... {{Reflist}} </syntaxhighlight> === نوٽس === مثالي طور، "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ جدول جي سرخي جي کاٻي يا ساڄي پاسي ظاهر ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيئن "v d e" ڳنڍون هونديون آهن۔ اهڙي طرح ڪرسر ساڳئي هنڌ رهندو ۽ ٻنهي جدولن جي وچ ۾ اڳتي پٺتي وڃڻ لاءِ ونڊو کي ٻيهر ترتيب ڏيڻ جي ضرورت نه پوندي۔ پر ان لاءِ <code><nowiki>{{Tnavbar-header}}</nowiki></code> سانچي ۾ هڪ ننڍي تبديلي گهربل هوندي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس]] * [[سانچو:نيوبار-هيڊر]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:ايس آءِ ايڪن جا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 2v0elr8zphfevtk59yy1ws24ek0dxql 10 95890 375407 2026-05-02T14:59:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخ... 375407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == هي سانچو ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي عمل کي بهتر ترتيب ڏيڻ لاءِ ٽي اختياري پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = غير مقرر يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي عنوان "ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا" کان اڳ "ٽيبل X. " وارو متن نه ڏيکاريندو۔ '''1 = <number>''' سانچو جدول جو نمبر جدول جي سرخي جي حصي طور هيٺين صورت ۾ ڏيکاريندو: "ٽيبل <number>. ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا."، جتي <number> ڏنل نمبر (يا ٻي جدول سڃاڻپ) لاءِ جاءِ ڀريندڙ آهي۔ === پيراميٽر 2 === '''2 = غير مقرر يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي آخر ۾ "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ نه ڏيکاريندو۔ '''2 = "self"''' سانچو جدول جي آخر ۾ "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ ڏيکاريندو، جيڪا تيز ڀيٽ لاءِ ساڳئي مضمون اندر لاڳاپيل فوٽو ميٽري جدول ڏانهن وٺي ويندي۔ ان لاءِ ضروري آهي ته فوٽو ميٽري جدول به <code><nowiki>{{SI light units}}</nowiki></code> سانچي وسيلي شامل ٿيل هجي۔ ڀيٽ لاءِ مضمون کي ٻيهر لوڊ ڪرڻ ضروري ناهي۔ '''2 = "self" کان سواءِ ڪا به غير خالي اسٽرنگ''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ ڏيکاريندو، جيئن مٿي بيان ٿيل آهي۔ پر اها ڳنڍ ساڳئي مضمون اندر نه، بلڪه الڳ مضمون "[[فوٽو ميٽري (بصريات)]]" ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل فوٽو ميٽري جدول ڏانهن ويندي، جتي <code><nowiki>{{SI radiometry units}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ٿيل هوندو۔ اهو تڏهن مفيد آهي، جڏهن ٻي جدول مضمون ۾ شامل نه ڪرڻي هجي۔ === پيراميٽر 3 === '''3 = غير مقرر''' جدول جا حاشيا "nb" نالي حوالا گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا ۽ جدول کان فوراً پوءِ ڏيکاريا ويندا۔ مضمون جي ٻين حوالن سان ٽڪراءُ کان بچڻ لاءِ، خارجي حوالن لاءِ ٻيا گروپ نالا استعمال ڪرڻ مناسب آهي (ڊفالٽ ""). ٻي صورت ۾ اهي خارجي حوالا به جدول کان پوءِ ئي فهرست ٿيندا۔ '''3 = خالي، يعني: ""''' جدول جا حاشيا مضمون جي ڊفالٽ گروپ "" ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا، جيئن مخصوص گروپ نالن کانسواءِ ٻين سڀني حوالن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ضروري آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪٿي نه ڪٿي هٿ سان <code><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> ٽيگ يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ اتي ئي حاشيا ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = <groupname>''' جدول جا حاشيا groupname ۾ ڏنل نالي واري حوالا گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا۔ ضروري آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪٿي نه ڪٿي هٿ سان <code><nowiki><references group="<groupname>"/></nowiki></code> ٽيگ يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist|group=<groupname>}}</nowiki></code> سانچو شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ اتي ئي حاشيا ظاهر ٿيندا۔ مختصر گروپ نالو استعمال ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪريو، ڇو ته ان سان جدول وڌيڪ سٺي لڳندي۔ === مثال === ڪجهه آسان مثال: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI radiometry units}} {{SI radiometry units|1}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare}} {{SI radiometry units||compare}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare|""}} {{SI radiometry units|1||""}} {{SI radiometry units||compare|""}} {{SI radiometry units|1|compare|Note}} {{SI radiometry units|||notes}} {{SI radiometry units||compare|Note}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (گروپ "nb" ۾ الڳ الڳ گڏ ڪيل حاشيا): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (الڳ نالي وارن گروپن ۾ انفرادي حاشيا، مثال طور "T1" ۽ "T2"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|T1}} {{Reflist|group=T1}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|T2}} {{Reflist|group=T2}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (گڏيل حاشيا، مثال طور گروپ "nb" ۾): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|nb}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|nb}} ... {{Reflist|group=nb}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٻئي جدولون گڏ ڪرڻ (ڊفالٽ حوالن سان گڏيل حاشيا): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|""}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|""}} ... {{Reflist}} </syntaxhighlight> === نوٽس === مثالي طور، "(ڀيٽيو)" ڳنڍ جدول جي سرخي جي کاٻي يا ساڄي پاسي ظاهر ٿيڻ گهرجي، جيئن "v d e" ڳنڍون هونديون آهن۔ اهڙي طرح ڪرسر ساڳئي هنڌ رهندو ۽ ٻنهي جدولن جي وچ ۾ اڳتي پٺتي وڃڻ لاءِ ونڊو کي ٻيهر ترتيب ڏيڻ جي ضرورت نه پوندي۔ پر ان لاءِ <code><nowiki>{{Tnavbar-header}}</nowiki></code> سانچي ۾ هڪ ننڍي تبديلي گهربل هوندي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ريڊيوميٽري ڪوئيفيشينٽس]] * [[سانچو:نيوبار-هيڊر]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:ايس آءِ ايڪن جا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 2v0elr8zphfevtk59yy1ws24ek0dxql 10 95891 375408 2026-05-02T15:02:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{anchor|table-si-photometry-units}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري مقدار}}|2=ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد<br>{{#tag:ref|هن ڪالم ۾ استعمال ٿيل نشان [[بعدي تجزيو#تعريف|بعد]] ڏيکار... 375408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{anchor|table-si-photometry-units}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري مقدار}}|2=ايس آءِ روشني جا ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد<br>{{#tag:ref|هن ڪالم ۾ استعمال ٿيل نشان [[بعدي تجزيو#تعريف|بعد]] ڏيکارين ٿا؛ "'''L'''"، "'''T'''" ۽ "'''J'''" ترتيبوار ڊيگهه، وقت ۽ روشني جي شدت لاءِ آهن، نه ڪي [[ماپ جا ايڪا|ايڪن]] لٽر، ٽيسلا يا جول لاءِ۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-dimension-symbol}} ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] صلاح ڏين ٿيون تہ فوٽو ميٽرڪ مقدار کي سب اسڪرپٽ "v" (يعني "بصري") سان ظاهر ڪيو وڃي، جيئن ريڊيوميٽرڪ يا [[فوٽون]] مقدار سان مونجهارو نه ٿئي۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-v}} ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني توانائي]] | {{math|''Q''{{sub|v}}}}{{#tag:ref|ڪڏهن ڪڏهن متبادل نشان پڻ استعمال ٿين ٿا: {{mvar|W}} روشني توانائي لاءِ، {{mvar|P}} يا {{mvar|F}} روشني وهڪري لاءِ، ۽ {{mvar|ρ}} ذريعي جي روشني ڪارڪردگي لاءِ۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-alternative-symbol-photometric}} | [[لومن سيڪنڊ]] | [[لومن (ايڪو)|lm]]⋅s | '''T'''⋅'''J''' | لومن سيڪنڊ کي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن ''ٽالبوٽ'' پڻ سڏيو ويندو آهي۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني وهڪرو]]، روشني طاقت | {{math|Φ{{sub|[[روشني فنڪشن|v]]}}}} | [[لومن (ايڪو)|لومن]] (=&nbsp;ڪينڊيلا [[اسٽيريڊيئن]]) | lm (=&nbsp;cd⋅sr) | '''J''' | في وقت روشني توانائي |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني شدت]] | {{math|''I''{{sub|v}}}} | [[ڪينڊيلا]] (=&nbsp;لومن في اسٽيريڊيئن) | [[ڪينڊيلا|cd]] (=&nbsp;lm/sr) | '''J''' | في [[جامد زاويه]] روشني وهڪرو |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني چمڪ]] | {{math|''L''{{sub|v}}}} | [[ڪينڊيلا في چورس ميٽر]] | cd/m{{sup|2}} (=&nbsp;lm/(sr⋅m{{sup|2}})) | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''J''' | مٿاڇري جي في يونٽ علائقي ۽ زاويه تي روشني وهڪرو |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني روشنيت]] | {{math|''E''{{sub|v}}}} | [[لڪس]] (=&nbsp;لومن في چورس ميٽر) | [[لڪس|lx]] (=&nbsp;lm/m{{sup|2}}) | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''J''' | مٿاڇري تي پوندڙ روشني وهڪرو |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني اخراج]]، روشني ايمٽنس | {{math|''M''{{sub|v}}}} | لومن في چورس ميٽر | lm/m{{sup|2}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''J''' | مٿاڇري مان نڪرندڙ روشني وهڪرو |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني نمائش]] | {{math|''H''{{sub|v}}}} | [[لڪس سيڪنڊ]] | lx⋅s | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''T'''⋅'''J''' | وقت سان گڏ ٿيل روشنيت |- ! scope="row" | روشني توانائي ڪثافت | {{math|''ω''{{sub|v}}}} | لومن سيڪنڊ في ڪعبي ميٽر | lm⋅s/m{{sup|3}} | '''L'''{{sup|−3}}⋅'''T'''⋅'''J''' | |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني ڪارڪردگي]] (شعاعڪاري جي) | {{math|''K''}} | لومن في [[واٽ]] | lm/[[واٽ|W]] | '''M'''{{sup|−1}}⋅'''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|3}}⋅'''J''' | روشني وهڪري جو [[تابڪاري وهڪرو]] سان تناسب |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني ڪارڪردگي]] (ذريعي جي) | {{mvar|η}} | لومن في [[واٽ]] | lm/[[واٽ|W]] | '''M'''{{sup|−1}}⋅'''L'''{{sup|−2}}⋅'''T'''{{sup|3}}⋅'''J''' | توانائي خرچ سان روشني وهڪري جو تناسب |- ! scope="row" | [[روشني افاديت]]، روشني ڪوئيفيشينٽ | {{mvar|V}} | | | '''1''' | وڌ ۾ وڌ ممڪن ڪارڪردگي سان نارملائيز ٿيل قدر |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=6 | وڌيڪ ڏسو: {{hlist|class=inline|[[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|ايس آءِ]]|[[فوٽو ميٽري (بصريات)|فوٽو ميٽري]]|[[ريڊيوميٽري]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{!}}([[{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|self||ريڊيوميٽري}}#table-si-radiometry-units{{!}}ڀيٽيو]])}}}} |}{{#if:{{{3|}}}||<references group="nb" />}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> di4fhr10j76ymzyo2mdi81pirva52gt 10 95892 375409 2026-05-02T15:05:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> == استعمال == هي سانچو فوٽو ميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم اچي سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي روين کي وڌيڪ... 375409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> == استعمال == هي سانچو فوٽو ميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم اچي سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي روين کي وڌيڪ درست ڪرڻ لاءِ ٽي اختياري پيراميٽر مهيا ڪري ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = بيان نه ٿيل يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي عنوان "ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري ايڪا" جي اڳيان "ٽيبل X." ظاهر نه ڪندو۔ '''1 = <نمبر>''' سانچو جدول نمبر کي هيڊر ۾ هن صورت ۾ ڏيکاريندو: "ٽيبل <نمبر>. ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري ايڪا"، جتي <نمبر> ڏنل نمبر يا ٻيو ڪو سڃاڻپ نشان هوندو۔ === پيراميٽر 2 === '''2 = بيان نه ٿيل يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي هيٺ "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪ ظاهر نه ڪندو۔ '''2 = "self"''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪ ڏيکاريندو جيڪو ساڳئي مضمون ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل [[ريڊيوميٽري]] جدول ڏانهن وٺي ويندو۔ ان لاءِ ضروري آهي ته ريڊيوميٽري جدول پڻ هن سانچي سان شامل ڪيو ويو هجي: <code><nowiki>{{SI radiometry units}}</nowiki></code> مضمون کي ٻيهر لوڊ ڪرڻ جي ضرورت نه هوندي۔ '''2 = ڪو به غير خالي قدر (سواءِ "self" جي)''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪ ڏيکاريندو، پر اهو لنڪ الڳ مضمون "[[ريڊيوميٽري]]" ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل جدول ڏانهن وٺي ويندو، نه ڪي ساڳئي مضمون اندر۔ اهو تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن ٻيو جدول مضمون ۾ شامل نه ڪيو ويو هجي۔ === پيراميٽر 3 === '''3 = بيان نه ٿيل''' جدول جا فوٽنَوٽ "nb" نالي ريفرنس گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا ۽ جدول کان پوءِ ڏيکاريا ويندا۔ ٻين حوالن سان ٽڪراءَ کان بچڻ لاءِ ٻاهرين حوالن لاءِ ٻيو گروپ نالو استعمال ڪرڻ صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي (ڊفالٽ "")۔ ٻي صورت ۾ اهي حوالا پڻ جدول کان پوءِ ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = خالي، يعني ""''' فوٽنَوٽ مضمون جي ڊفالٽ گروپ "" ۾ شامل ٿيندا۔ لازمي آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪنهن هنڌ <code><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki></code> شامل ڪيو وڃي، جتي اهي فوٽنَوٽ ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = <گروپ نالو>''' فوٽنَوٽ ڏنل نالي واري ريفرنس گروپ ۾ شامل ٿيندا۔ لازمي آهي ته مضمون ۾: <code><nowiki><references group="<گروپ نالو>"/></nowiki></code> يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist|group=<گروپ نالو>}}</nowiki></code> شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ مختصر نالو استعمال ڪرڻ سان جدول وڌيڪ بهتر لڳندو۔ === مثال === ڪجهه سادا مثال: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units}} {{SI light units|1}} {{SI light units|1|compare}} {{SI light units||compare}} {{SI light units|1|compare|""}} {{SI light units|1||""}} {{SI light units||compare|""}} {{SI light units|1|compare|Note}} {{SI light units|||notes}} {{SI light units||compare|Note}} </syntaxhighlight> ٻنهي جدولن کي هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ گڏ ڪرڻ (فوٽنَوٽ گروپ "nb" ۾): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self}} </syntaxhighlight> ٻنهي جدولن کي هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ گڏ ڪرڻ (الڳ گروپن سان، مثال "T1" ۽ "T2"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|T1}} {{Reflist|group=T1}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|T2}} {{Reflist|group=T2}} </syntaxhighlight> ٻنهي جدولن کي گڏيل فوٽنَوٽ سان (مثال "nb"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|nb}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|nb}} ... {{Reflist|group=nb}} </syntaxhighlight> ڊفالٽ فوٽنَوٽ سان گڏ: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|""}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|""}} ... {{Reflist}} </syntaxhighlight> == نوٽس == مثالي طور "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪ جدول جي هيڊر جي ساڄي يا کاٻي پاسي ڏيکارڻ گهرجي، جيئن "v d e" لنڪس ۾ ٿيندو آهي۔ اهڙي صورت ۾ ڪرسر پنهنجي جاءِ تي رهندو ۽ ٻئي جدولن جي وچ ۾ آساني سان مٽاسٽا ڪري سگهبي۔ پر ان لاءِ <code><nowiki>{{Tnavbar-header}}</nowiki></code> سانچي ۾ ٿوري تبديلي گهربل آهي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:Navbar-header]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هتي شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:ايس آءِ ايڪن جا سانچا]] [[fr:Modèle:SI unités photométriques]] }}</includeonly> i4s5jqzaik9srptyeorfblhx8tuge7c 10 95893 375410 2026-05-02T15:08:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{anchor|table-si-photon-units}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] ص... 375410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{anchor|table-si-photon-units}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] صلاح ڏين ٿيون تہ فوٽون مقدار کي لاحقو "[[q]]" (يعني "ڪوانٽم") سان ظاهر ڪيو وڃي، جيئن [[ريڊيوميٽري]] ۽ [[فوٽو ميٽري]] مقدار سان مونجهارو نه ٿئي۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-q}} ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون توانائي]] | {{mvar|n}}<!-- ''Q''{{sup|q}} --> | | | '''1''' | فوٽونن جو تعداد {{mvar|n}} جن جي توانائي {{math|1= ''Q''{{sub|p}} = [[پلانڪ مستقل|''h'']][[روشني جي رفتار|''c'']]/''λ''}} آهي۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ فوٽون جي توانائي طول موج {{math|''λ''}} تي {{math|1= ''Q''{{sub|p}} = ''hc''/''λ''}} هوندي آهي، جتي {{math|''h''}} = [[پلانڪ مستقل]] ۽ {{math|''c''}} = [[روشني جي رفتار]]۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-photon-energy}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|q}}}} | في [[سيڪنڊ]] ڳڻپ | [[سيڪنڊ|s]]{{sup|−1}} | '''T'''{{sup|−1}} | في وقت فوٽونن جو تعداد، {{math|d''n''/d''[[وقت (طبيعيات)|t]]''}} جتي {{math|''n''}} = فوٽونن جو تعداد.<br/> ان کي ''فوٽون طاقت'' پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون شدت]] | {{mvar|I}} | في [[اسٽيريڊيئن]] في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | [[اسٽيريڊيئن|sr]]{{sup|−1}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''[[مضبوط زاويه|ω]]'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون چمڪ]] | {{math|''L''{{sub|q}}}} | في [[چورس&nbsp;ميٽر]] في اسٽيريڊيئن في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | [[چورس ميٽر|m{{sup|−2}}]]⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|3}}''n''/(d''[[ايراضي|A]]'' cos(''θ'') d''ω'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون ايريڊيئنس]] | {{math|''E''{{sub|q}}}} | في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | m{{sup|−2}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''A'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون اخراج]] | {{mvar|M}} | في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | m{{sup|−2}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''A'' d''t'')}} |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=6 | وڌيڪ ڏسو: {{hlist|class=inline|[[فوٽون ڳڻپ]]|[[ايس آءِ]]|[[ريڊيوميٽري]]|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|([[{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|self||ريڊيوميٽري}}#table-si-radiometry-units{{!}}ڀيٽيو]]){{!}}}} [[فوٽو ميٽري]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{!}}([[{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|self||فوٽو ميٽري}}#table-si-photometry-units{{!}}ڀيٽيو]])}}}} |} {{#if:{{{3|}}}||{{Reflist|group=nb}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو، هتي نه --> </noinclude> rxwmki65r0kyeqwa76gg672rtobr1af 375412 375410 2026-05-02T15:12:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{anchor|table-si-photon-units}} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+ {{navbar-header |1={{resize|130%|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|ٽيبل&nbsp;{{{1}}}.&nbsp;}}ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}}|2=ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا}} |- ! scope="col" colspan="2" | مقدار ! scope="col" colspan="2" | ايڪو ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | بُعد ! scope="col" rowspan="2" | نوٽس |- ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان{{#tag:ref|[[معياري تنظيمون]] صلاح ڏين ٿيون تہ فوٽون مقدار کي لاحقو "[[q]]" (يعني "ڪوانٽم") سان ظاهر ڪيو وڃي، جيئن [[ريڊيوميٽري]] ۽ [[فوٽو ميٽري]] مقدار سان مونجهارو نه ٿئي۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-suffix-q}} ! scope="col" | نالو ! scope="col" | نشان |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون توانائي]] | {{mvar|n}}<!-- ''Q''{{sup|q}} --> | | | '''1''' | فوٽونن جو تعداد {{mvar|n}} جن جي توانائي {{math|1= ''Q''{{sub|p}} = [[پلانڪ مستقل|''h'']][[روشني جي رفتار|''c'']]/''λ''}} آهي۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ فوٽون جي توانائي طول موج {{math|''λ''}} تي {{math|1= ''Q''{{sub|p}} = ''hc''/''λ''}} هوندي آهي، جتي {{math|''h''}} = [[پلانڪ مستقل]] ۽ {{math|''c''}} = [[روشني جي رفتار]]۔|group={{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}|nb}}|name=note-photon-energy}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون وهڪرو]] | {{math|Φ{{sub|q}}}} | في [[سيڪنڊ]] ڳڻپ | [[سيڪنڊ|s]]{{sup|−1}} | '''T'''{{sup|−1}} | في وقت فوٽونن جو تعداد، {{math|d''n''/d''[[وقت (طبيعيات)|t]]''}} جتي {{math|''n''}} = فوٽونن جو تعداد.<br/> ان کي ''فوٽون طاقت'' پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو۔ |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون شدت]] | {{mvar|I}} | في [[اسٽيريڊيئن]] في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | [[اسٽيريڊيئن|sr]]{{sup|−1}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''[[مضبوط زاويه|ω]]'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون چمڪ]] | {{math|''L''{{sub|q}}}} | في [[چورس&nbsp;ميٽر]] في اسٽيريڊيئن في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | [[چورس ميٽر|m{{sup|−2}}]]⋅sr{{sup|−1}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|3}}''n''/(d''[[ايراضي|A]]'' cos(''θ'') d''ω'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون ايريڊيئنس]] | {{math|''E''{{sub|q}}}} | في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | m{{sup|−2}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''A'' d''t'')}} |- ! scope="row" | [[فوٽون اخراج]] | {{mvar|M}} | في چورس&nbsp;ميٽر في سيڪنڊ ڳڻپ | m{{sup|−2}}⋅s{{sup|−1}} | '''L'''{{sup|−2}}{{px2}}'''T'''{{sup|−1}} | {{math|d{{sup|2}}''n''/(d''A'' d''t'')}} |- | style="text-align:center;" colspan=6 | وڌيڪ ڏسو: {{hlist|class=inline|[[فوٽون ڳڻپ]]|[[ايس آءِ]]|[[ريڊيوميٽري]]|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|([[{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|self||ريڊيوميٽري}}#table-si-radiometry-units{{!}}ڀيٽيو]]){{!}}}} [[فوٽو ميٽري]]{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{!}}([[{{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|self||فوٽو ميٽري}}#table-si-photometry-units{{!}}ڀيٽيو]])}}}} |} {{#if:{{{3|}}}||<references group="nb" />}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 3mpjb14yjbz9v2tk77u99p0p0ru2r7e 10 95894 375411 2026-05-02T15:11:08Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> == استعمال == هي سانچو طبيعيات يا ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم اچي سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي روين ک... 375411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> == استعمال == هي سانچو طبيعيات يا ريڊيوميٽري بابت مضمونن ۾ استعمال لاءِ ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪن جي جدول ڏيکاري ٿو۔ اهو لاڳاپيل مضمونن جي آخر ۾ نيويگيشن باڪس طور پڻ ڪم اچي سگهي ٿو۔ هي سانچو پنهنجي روين کي وڌيڪ درست ڪرڻ لاءِ ٽي اختياري پيراميٽر مهيا ڪري ٿو۔ == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي وضاحت: === پيراميٽر 1 === '''1 = بيان نه ٿيل يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي عنوان "ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا" جي اڳيان "ٽيبل X." ظاهر نه ڪندو۔ '''1 = <نمبر>''' سانچو جدول نمبر کي هيڊر ۾ هن صورت ۾ ڏيکاريندو: "ٽيبل <نمبر>. ايس آءِ فوٽون ايڪا"، جتي <نمبر> ڏنل نمبر يا ٻيو ڪو سڃاڻپ نشان هوندو۔ === پيراميٽر 2 === '''2 = بيان نه ٿيل يا خالي''' سانچو جدول جي هيٺ "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪس ظاهر نه ڪندو۔ '''2 = "self"''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪس ڏيکاريندو، جيڪي ساڳئي مضمون ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل [[فوٽو ميٽري]] ۽ [[ريڊيوميٽري]] جدولن ڏانهن وٺي ويندا۔ ان لاءِ ضروري آهي ته اهي جدول پڻ هيٺين سانچن سان شامل ڪيا ويا هجن: <code><nowiki>{{SI light units}}</nowiki></code> ۽ <code><nowiki>{{SI radiometry units}}</nowiki></code> مضمون کي ٻيهر لوڊ ڪرڻ جي ضرورت نه هوندي۔ '''2 = ڪو به غير خالي قدر (سواءِ "self" جي)''' سانچو "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪس ڏيکاريندو، پر اهي لنڪس الڳ مضمونن "[[فوٽو ميٽري]]" ۽ "[[ريڊيوميٽري]]" ۾ موجود جدولن ڏانهن وٺي ويندا، نه ڪي ساڳئي مضمون اندر۔ اهو تڏهن مفيد آهي جڏهن اهي ٻيا جدول مضمون ۾ شامل نه ڪيا ويا هجن۔ === پيراميٽر 3 === '''3 = بيان نه ٿيل''' جدول جا فوٽنَوٽ "nb" نالي ريفرنس گروپ ۾ گڏ ڪيا ويندا ۽ جدول کان پوءِ ڏيکاريا ويندا۔ ٻين حوالن سان ٽڪراءَ کان بچڻ لاءِ ٻاهرين حوالن لاءِ ٻيو گروپ نالو استعمال ڪرڻ صلاح ڏني وڃي ٿي (ڊفالٽ "")۔ ٻي صورت ۾ اهي حوالا پڻ جدول کان پوءِ ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = خالي، يعني ""''' فوٽنَوٽ مضمون جي ڊفالٽ گروپ "" ۾ شامل ٿيندا۔ لازمي آهي ته مضمون ۾ ڪنهن هنڌ <code><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist}}</nowiki></code> شامل ڪيو وڃي، جتي اهي فوٽنَوٽ ظاهر ٿيندا۔ '''3 = <گروپ نالو>''' فوٽنَوٽ ڏنل نالي واري ريفرنس گروپ ۾ شامل ٿيندا۔ لازمي آهي ته مضمون ۾: <code><nowiki><references group="<گروپ نالو>"/></nowiki></code> يا <code><nowiki>{{Reflist|group=<گروپ نالو>}}</nowiki></code> شامل ڪيو وڃي۔ مختصر نالو استعمال ڪرڻ سان جدول وڌيڪ بهتر لڳندو۔ === مثال === ڪجهه سادا مثال: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI photon units}} {{SI photon units|1}} {{SI photon units|1|compare}} {{SI photon units||compare}} {{SI photon units|1|compare|""}} {{SI photon units|1||""}} {{SI photon units||compare|""}} {{SI photon units|1|compare|Note}} {{SI photon units|||notes}} {{SI photon units||compare|Note}} </syntaxhighlight> هڪ ئي مضمون ۾ ٽيئي جدول گڏ ڪرڻ (فوٽنَوٽ گروپ "nb" ۾): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self}} {{SI photon units|3|self}} </syntaxhighlight> الڳ گروپن سان (مثال "T1"، "T2"، "T3"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|T1}} {{Reflist|group=T1}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|T2}} {{Reflist|group=T2}} {{SI photon units|3|self|T3}} {{Reflist|group=T3}} </syntaxhighlight> گڏيل فوٽنَوٽ سان (مثال "nb"): <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|nb}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|nb}} {{SI photon units|3|self|nb}} ... {{Reflist|group=nb}} </syntaxhighlight> ڊفالٽ فوٽنَوٽ سان: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{SI light units|1|self|""}} {{SI radiometry units|2|self|""}} {{SI photon units|3|self|""}} ... {{Reflist}} </syntaxhighlight> === نوٽس === مثالي طور "(ڀيٽيو)" لنڪس جدول جي هيڊر جي کاٻي يا ساڄي پاسي ڏيکارڻ گهرجن، جيئن "v d e" لنڪس ۾ ٿيندو آهي، ته جيئن ڪرسر ساڳئي جڳهه تي رهي ۽ ٻنهي جدولن جي وچ ۾ آساني سان مٽاسٽا ٿي سگهي۔ پر ان لاءِ <code><nowiki>{{Navbar-header}}</nowiki></code> سانچي ۾ ٿوري تبديلي گهربل آهي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ فوٽو ميٽري ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:ايس آءِ ريڊيوميٽري ايڪا]] * [[سانچو:Navbar-header]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪي لنڪس هتي شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:ايس آءِ ايڪن جا سانچا]] <!-- [[en:Template:SI photon units]] --> }}</includeonly> bo2obtl4v5q4cuxlrfbnfvk8isit5f8 0 95895 375413 2026-05-02T15:15:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Short description|فوٽون طرفان کڻي ويندڙ توانائي}} '''فوٽون توانائي''' اها [[توانائي]] آهي جيڪا هڪ واحد [[فوٽون]] کڻي هلندو آهي۔ توانائي جو مقدار سڌيءَ طرح فوٽون جي [[برقي مقناطيسي لهر|برقي مقناطيسي]] [[فريڪوئنسي]] سان متناسب هوندو آهي ۽ ان ڪري اُلٽو تناسب [[طول موج]] سان هوندو آهي... 375413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|فوٽون طرفان کڻي ويندڙ توانائي}} '''فوٽون توانائي''' اها [[توانائي]] آهي جيڪا هڪ واحد [[فوٽون]] کڻي هلندو آهي۔ توانائي جو مقدار سڌيءَ طرح فوٽون جي [[برقي مقناطيسي لهر|برقي مقناطيسي]] [[فريڪوئنسي]] سان متناسب هوندو آهي ۽ ان ڪري اُلٽو تناسب [[طول موج]] سان هوندو آهي۔ فوٽون جي فريڪوئنسي جيتري وڌيڪ هوندي، اوتري ئي ان جي توانائي وڌيڪ هوندي۔ ساڳي طرح، فوٽون جي طول موج جيتري ڊگهي هوندي، اوتري ئي ان جي توانائي گهٽ هوندي۔ فوٽون توانائي کي ڪنهن به [[توانائي جا ايڪا|توانائي ايڪي]] ۾ ظاهر ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ عام استعمال ٿيندڙ ايڪن ۾ [[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] (eV) ۽ [[جول]] شامل آهن (۽ انهن جا ضرب، جيئن مائيڪرو جول)۔ جيئن هڪ جول برابر آهي {{val|6.24|e=18|u=eV}} جي، تنهن ڪري وڏا ايڪا وڌيڪ فائديمند ٿين ٿا جڏهن وڌيڪ فريڪوئنسي ۽ وڌيڪ توانائي وارن فوٽونن کي ظاهر ڪيو وڃي، جيئن [[گاما شعاع]]، ان جي مقابلي ۾ گهٽ توانائي وارا فوٽون جيڪي بصري ۽ [[ريڊيو فريڪوئنسي]] علائقن ۾ هوندا آهن [[برقي مقناطيسي اسپيڪٽرم]] ۾۔ == فارمولا == === طبيعيات === فوٽون توانائي سڌي طرح فريڪوئنسي سان متناسب آهي۔<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Energy of Photon|url=https://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/energy-of-photon|publisher=Photovoltaic Education Network, pveducation.org}}</ref> <math display="block">E = hf</math> جتي * <math>E</math> توانائي آهي ([[جول]] [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام|ايس آءِ]] ۾)<ref name="psu">{{cite web | url=https://www.e-education.psu.edu/meteo300/node/682 | title=6.3 How is energy related to the wavelength of radiation? &#124; METEO 300: Fundamentals of Atmospheric Science }}</ref> * <math>h</math> [[پلانڪ مستقل]] آهي * <math> f </math> فريڪوئنسي آهي<ref name="psu" /> هي مساوات [[پلانڪ لاڳاپو]] جي نالي سان سڃاتي وڃي ٿي۔ ان کان علاوه، مساوات <math>f=\frac c \lambda</math> استعمال ڪندي، <math display="block">E = \frac{hc}{\lambda}</math> جتي * ''E'' فوٽون جي توانائي آهي * ''λ'' فوٽون جي طول موج آهي * ''c'' خلا ۾ [[روشني جي رفتار]] آهي * ''h'' [[پلانڪ مستقل]] آهي 1&nbsp;Hz تي فوٽون توانائي برابر آهي {{val|6.62607015|e=-34|u=J}} جي، جيڪا برابر آهي {{val|4.135667697|e=-15|u=eV}} جي۔ === اليڪٽران وولٽ === فوٽون توانائي اڪثر ڪري اليڪٽران وولٽ ۾ ماپي ويندي آهي۔ هڪ اليڪٽران وولٽ (eV) بلڪل برابر آهي {{physconst|eV}} جي يا، زپٽو اڳياڙي سان، {{val|160.2176634|u=zJ}} جي [[ايڪن جو بين الاقوامي نظام]] ۾۔ فوٽون توانائي کي اليڪٽران وولٽ ۾ ڳولڻ لاءِ جڏهن طول موج [[مائيڪرو ميٽر]] ۾ هجي، تقريباً هي مساوات استعمال ٿئي ٿي: : <math>E\text{ (eV)} = \frac{1.2398}{\lambda\text{ (μm)}}</math> ڇو⁠تہ <math>hc/e</math> = {{val|1.239841984|end=...|e=-6|u=eV⋅m}}<ref>{{cite web |title=NIST table of fundamental physical constants |url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html |access-date=27 June 2023}}</ref> جتي ''h'' [[پلانڪ مستقل]] آهي، ''c'' [[روشني جي رفتار]] آهي، ۽ ''e'' [[بنيادي چارج]] آهي۔ 1&nbsp;μm طول موج واري ويجهي [[انفراريڊ]] شعاع جي فوٽون توانائي لڳ ڀڳ 1.2398&nbsp;eV هوندي آهي۔ == مثال == هڪ [[ايف ايم نشريات]] [[ريڊيو]] اسٽيشن جيڪا 100&nbsp;[[ميگاهرٽز]] تي نشريات ڪري ٿي، لڳ ڀڳ {{val|4.1357|e=-7|u=eV}} توانائي وارا فوٽون خارج ڪري ٿي۔ هي انتهائي ننڍي توانائي لڳ ڀڳ {{val|8|e=-13}} ڀيرا آهي [[اليڪٽران]] جي ماس جي (مطابق [[ماس-توانائي هم ارزي]])۔ تمام اعليٰ توانائي وارا [[گاما شعاع]] فوٽون 100&nbsp;GeV کان وڌيڪ 1&nbsp;PeV (10¹¹ کان 10¹⁵ اليڪٽران وولٽ) تائين توانائي رکن ٿا يا 16&nbsp;nJ کان 160&nbsp;μJ تائين۔<ref>{{cite web|last=Sciences|first=Chinese Academy of|title=Observatory discovers a dozen PeVatrons and photons exceeding 1&nbsp;PeV, launches ultra-high-energy gamma astronomy era|url=https://phys.org/news/2021-05-observatory-dozen-pevatrons-photons-exceeding.html|access-date=2021-11-25|website=phys.org|language=en}}</ref> هي فريڪوئنسي {{val|2.42|e=25|u=Hz}} کان {{val|2.42|e=29|u=Hz}} تائين هوندي آهي۔ [[فوتوسنتھسس]] دوران، مخصوص [[ڪلوروفل]] ماليڪيول 700&nbsp;nm طول موج واري ڳاڙهي روشني جا فوٽون جذب ڪن ٿا [[فوتوسسٽم I]] ۾، جنهن سان هر فوٽون جي توانائي لڳ ڀڳ ≈ 2&nbsp;eV ≈ {{val|3|e=-19|u=J}} ≈ 75&nbsp;''k''_B''T'' هوندي آهي، جتي ''k''_B''T'' حرارتي توانائي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ هڪ [[گلوڪوز]] ماليڪيول ٺاهڻ لاءِ گهٽ ۾ گهٽ 48 فوٽون گهربل آهن CO₂ ۽ پاڻي مان (ڪيميائي امڪاني فرق {{val|5|e=-18|u=J}}) سان، وڌ ۾ وڌ [[توانائي تبديلي ڪارڪردگي]] 35% تائين هوندي آهي۔ == وڌيڪ ڏسو == * [[برقي مقناطيسي شعاعڪاري]] * [[برقي مقناطيسي اسپيڪٽرم]] * [[پلانڪ لاڳاپو]] * [[نرم فوٽون]] == حوالا == {{reflist}} [[زمرو:بنيادي ڪوانٽم طبيعيات]] [[زمرو:برقي مقناطيسي اسپيڪٽرم]] [[زمرو:فوٽون]] 8jse5a9976kbwlgrxmc5mhpsiw85i8c 10 95896 375415 2026-05-02T15:54:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاه... 375415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===TemplateData=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 44hhhcb1ltiwg198pw340y9pb77n43j 375421 375415 2026-05-02T16:04:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation }} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===TemplateData=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> aapznzebrns85dy0gqel4g0rwjev984 375422 375421 2026-05-02T16:04:43Z Intisar Ali 8681 375422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation }} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===سانچائي ڊيٽا=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 3xum6295q9r9dquzom08t2ru3u7zgdr 375423 375422 2026-05-02T16:07:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{tl|key press}} {{documentation}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===سانچائي ڊيٽا=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> pav6qfqmuo1t9tq5s5p77aohqbq7bak 375424 375423 2026-05-02T16:10:26Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* ويڊيو رانديون */ 375424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{tl|key press}} {{documentation}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tlc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tlc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tlc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tlc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tlc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tlc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===سانچائي ڊيٽا=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 7nnpn2b2ci412p23l1o3jq1ft7qd2b7 375425 375424 2026-05-02T16:14:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 375425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو. --> {{Redirect|Template:Key|map key templates|زمرو:Legend templates}} {{Lua|Module:Key}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} {{tl|key press}} {{documentation}} {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} هي {{tl|key press}} سانچو بنيادي طور تي [[ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ]] تي ڪنجين ۽ ڪيبورڊ دٻائن کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي۔ اضافي پيراميٽرن سان، هڪ ئي سانچو هڪ ئي وقت ۾ ڪيترن ئي ڪنجين جي گڏيل دٻاءُ کي به ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو۔ جڏهن⁠تہ ڪنجين جي هڪ سلسلي (sequence) کي الڳ الڳ سانچن سان ڏيکارڻو پوندو آهي۔ مثال : {{tlc|key press|A}} → {{key press|A}} جيئن⁠تہ ننڍا اکر a–z گهڻن ڪيبورڊن تي موجود نه هوندا آهن، تنهن ڪري انهن کي {{tooltip|عام طور|تاريخي مڪمل ڪيبورڊن جي دستاويز ۾ استثنا ٿي سگهي ٿو۔}} پيراميٽر طور استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي۔ ===ڪيبورڊ گڏيل دٻاءُ=== گڏيل دٻاءُ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ وڌيڪ پيراميٽر شامل ڪريو: : {{tlc|key press|Alt|P}} → {{key press|Alt|P}} : {{tlc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del}} هي سانچو ڪيترن ڪنجين کي پاڻ ۾ "+" سان ڳنڍي ٿو (يا ''chain'' پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل ڪردار سان) بغير خالي جاءِ جي، جنهن ڪري اهو لائين ٽوڙي نٿو سگهي۔ جيڪڏهن جدول ۾ لائين ٽوڙڻ جي ضرورت هجي، ته "+" جي چوڌاري خالي جاءِ رکي هٿ سان ٺاهيو: : {{tlc|key press|Ctrl}} + {{tlc|key press|Alt}} + {{tlc|key press|Del}} → {{key press|Ctrl}} + {{key press|Alt}} + {{key press|Del}} : {{tlc|key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|5=chain=&amp;#32;+&amp;#32;}} → {{key press|Ctrl|Alt|Del|chain=&#32;+&#32;}} جيڪڏهن سڀئي ڪنجيون هڪ ئي وقت دٻائڻ ضروري نه هجن، ته ''chain='' خالي رکيو وڃي: : {{tlc|key press|Alt|0}} + {{tlc|key press|1|7|7|chain{{=}}}} → {{key press|Alt|0}}{{key press|1|7|7|chain=}} ===وڪي لنڪس=== ڪنجي کي عام وڪي متن وانگر ڳنڍي سگهجي ٿو: * {{tlc|key press|&#91;&#91;Alt key|Alt&#93;&#93;}} → {{key press|[[Alt key|Alt]]}} مهرباني ڪري صحيح صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو (مثال: <code><nowiki>[[Alt key|Alt]]</nowiki></code>). ===وڪي مارڪ اپ ڪردار=== ڪجهه خاص ڪردار جهڙوڪ [[پائپ نشان]]، [[سيميڪولن]] ۽ [[برابر نشان]] کي {{tlx|!}}، {{tlx|;}} ۽ {{tlx|{{=}}}} يا HTML اينٽيٽي سان لکڻو پوندو: * {{tlc|key press|{{tc|!}}}} → {{key press|{{!}}}} * {{tlc|key press|&amp;#124;}} → {{key press|&#124;}} * {{tlc|key press|{{tlc|&#59;}}}} → {{key press|{{;}}}} * {{tlc|key press|&amp;#59;}} → {{key press|&#59;}} * {{tlc|key press|{{tc|&#61;}}}} → {{key press|{{=}}}} * {{tlc|key press|&amp;#61;}} → {{key press|&#61;}} جيڪڏهن لنڪ طور استعمال ڪيا وڃن: * {{tlc|key press|<nowiki>[[|]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[|]]}} * {{tlc|key press|<nowiki>[[;]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[;]]}} * {{tlc|key press|<nowiki>[[=]]</nowiki>}} → {{key press|[[=]]}} ===متبادل نالا=== * {{tlc|key press|pipe}} → {{key press|pipe}} * {{tlc|key press|semicolon}} → {{key press|semicolon}} * {{tlc|key press|equals}} → {{key press|equals}} * {{tlc|key press|colon}} → {{key press|colon}} * {{tlc|key press|asterisk}} → {{key press|asterisk}} * {{tlc|key press|hash}} → {{key press|hash}} ===ڪنجي جا نشان=== ڪيترين ڪنجين لاءِ يونيڪوڊ نشان موجود آهن: * {{tlc|key press|Shift}} → {{key press|Shift}} * {{tlc|key press|Tab}} → {{key press|Tab}} * {{tlc|key press|Enter}} → {{key press|Enter}} * {{tlc|key press|Option}} → {{key press|Option}} * {{tlc|key press|Command}} → {{key press|Command}} * {{tlc|key press|Caps Lock}} → {{key press|Caps Lock}} [[File:AltGr Win Menu Ctrl key.jpg|thumb|200px|ونڊوز ڪنجي ۽ مينيو ڪنجي]] [[File:Ctl wndws alt.jpg|thumb|200px|پراڻو ونڊوز ڪنجي انداز]] [[ونڊوز ڪنجي]] ۽ [[مينيو ڪنجي]] لاءِ خاص نشان موجود نه آهن، تنهن ڪري متبادل طور رياضيائي نشان استعمال ٿين ٿا: * {{tlc|key press|Win}} → {{key press|Win}} * {{tlc|key press|Menu}} → {{key press|Menu}} ====نشان بند ڪرڻ==== ڪجهه حالتن ۾ HTML اينڪوڊنگ استعمال ڪري نشان لڪائي سگهجن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{key press|&amp;#x45;nter}}</nowiki></code> → {{key press|&#x45;nter}} ===ويڊيو رانديون=== #### هدايتي ڪنٽرول * {{tlc|key press|l-down}} → {{key press|l-down}} * {{tlc|key press|c-left}} → {{key press|c-left}} * {{tlc|key press|r-up}} → {{key press|r-up}} #### پلي اسٽيشن * {{tlc|key press|circle}} → {{key press|circle}} * {{tlc|key press|triangle}} → {{key press|triangle}} * {{tlc|key press|square}} → {{key press|square}} {{clear}} ===سانچائي ڊيٽا=== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "ڪمپيوٽر ڪيبورڊ تي ڪنجين کي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ سانچو۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهريون ڪنجي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو ڪنجي", "type": "string" } } } </templatedata> ===وڌيڪ ڏسو=== * {{tlx|Key top}} * {{tlx|Button}} * {{tlx|Kbd}} * {{tlx|char}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سيمينٽڪ مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سافٽويئر سانچا]] }}</includeonly> ldmh5sixbcqljljp5jzf8qjzws6lfkk 828 95897 375416 2026-05-02T15:56:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: -- This module implements {{key press}}. local kbdPrefix = '<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">' local kbdSuffix = '</kbd>' local keyText = { ['caps lock'] = '⇪ Caps Lock', ['[[caps lock]]'] = '⇪ [[Caps Lock]]', ['shift'] = '⇧ Shift', ['[[shift key|shift]]'] = '⇧ [[Shift key|Shift]]', ['enter'] = '↵ Enter', ['[[enter key|enter]]'] = '↵ [[Enter key|Enter]]', ['cmd'] = '⌘ Cmd', ['[[command key|cmd]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Cmd]]', ['command'] = '⌘ C... 375416 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{key press}}. local kbdPrefix = '<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">' local kbdSuffix = '</kbd>' local keyText = { ['caps lock'] = '⇪ Caps Lock', ['[[caps lock]]'] = '⇪ [[Caps Lock]]', ['shift'] = '⇧ Shift', ['[[shift key|shift]]'] = '⇧ [[Shift key|Shift]]', ['enter'] = '↵ Enter', ['[[enter key|enter]]'] = '↵ [[Enter key|Enter]]', ['cmd'] = '⌘ Cmd', ['[[command key|cmd]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Cmd]]', ['command'] = '⌘ Command', ['[[command key|command]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Command]]', ['opt'] = '⌥ Opt', ['[[option key|opt]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Opt]]', ['option'] = '⌥ Option', ['[[option key|option]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Option]]', ['tab'] = 'Tab ↹', ['[[tab key|tab]]'] = '[[Tab key|Tab]] ↹', ['backspace'] = '← Backspace', ['[[backspace]]'] = '← [[Backspace]]', ['win'] = '⊞ Win', ['[[windows key|win]]'] = '⊞ [[Windows key|Win]]', ['menu'] = '≣ Menu', ['[[menu key|menu]]'] = '≣ [[Menu key|Menu]]', ['up'] = '↑', ['[[arrow keys|up]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|↑]]', ['down'] = '↓', ['[[arrow keys|down]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|↓]]', ['left'] = '←', ['[[arrow keys|left]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|←]]', ['right'] = '→', ['[[arrow keys|right]]'] = '[[Arrow keys|→]]', ['asterisk'] = '&#42;', ['hash'] = '&#35;', ['[[#]]'] = '[[Number sign|#]]', ['colon'] = '&#58;', ['[[:]]'] = '[[Colon (punctuation)|:]]', ['pipe'] = '&#124;', ['[[|]]'] = '[[Pipe symbol|&#124;]]', ['semicolon'] = '&#59;', ['[[;]]'] = '[[Semi-colon|&#59;]]', ['equals'] = '&#61;', -- Left & right analog sticks. ['l up'] = 'L↑', ['l down'] = 'L↓', ['l left'] = 'L←', ['l right'] = 'L→', ['l ne'] = 'L↗', ['l se'] = 'L↘', ['l nw'] = 'L↖', ['l sw'] = 'L↙', ['r up'] = 'R↑', ['r down'] = 'R↓', ['r left'] = 'R←', ['r right'] = 'R→', ['r ne'] = 'R↗', ['r se'] = 'R↘', ['r nw'] = 'R↖', ['r sw'] = 'R↙', -- PlayStation. ['ex'] = '×', ['circle'] = '○', ['square'] = '□', ['triangle'] = '△', -- Nintendo 64 and GameCube. ['c up'] = 'C↑', ['c down'] = 'C↓', ['c left'] = 'C←', ['c right'] = 'C→', ['c ne'] = 'C↗', ['c se'] = 'C↘', ['c nw'] = 'C↖', ['c sw'] = 'C↙', } local keyAlias = { -- ['alternate name for key (alias)'] = 'name for key used in key table' ['[[cmd key|cmd]]'] = '[[command key|cmd]]', ['[[cmd key|command]]'] = '[[command key|command]]', ['[[opt key|opt]]'] = '[[option key|opt]]', ['[[option key]]'] = '[[option key|option]]', ['[[opt key|option]]'] = '[[option key|option]]', ['[[win key|win]]'] = '[[windows key|win]]', ['*'] = 'asterisk', ['#'] = 'hash', [':'] = 'colon', [';'] = 'semicolon', ['l-up'] = 'l up', ['l-down'] = 'l down', ['l-left'] = 'l left', ['l-right'] = 'l right', ['l-ne'] = 'l ne', ['l-se'] = 'l se', ['l-nw'] = 'l nw', ['l-sw'] = 'l sw', ['r-up'] = 'r up', ['r-down'] = 'r down', ['r-left'] = 'r left', ['r-right'] = 'r right', ['r-ne'] = 'r ne', ['r-se'] = 'r se', ['r-nw'] = 'r nw', ['r-sw'] = 'r sw', ['ps x'] = 'ex', ['ps c'] = 'circle', ['ps s'] = 'square', ['ps t'] = 'triangle', ['c-up'] = 'c up', ['c-down'] = 'c down', ['c-left'] = 'c left', ['c-right'] = 'c right', ['c-ne'] = 'c ne', ['c-se'] = 'c se', ['c-nw'] = 'c nw', ['c-sw'] = 'c sw', } local Collection = {} Collection.__index = Collection do function Collection:add(item) if item ~= nil then self.n = self.n + 1 self[self.n] = item end end function Collection:join(sep) return table.concat(self, sep) end function Collection:sort(comp) table.sort(self, comp) end function Collection.new() return setmetatable({n = 0}, Collection) end end local function keyPress(args) local chainNames = { 'chain first', 'chain second', 'chain third', 'chain fourth', 'chain fifth', 'chain sixth', 'chain seventh', 'chain eighth', 'chain ninth', } local result = Collection.new() local chainDefault = args.chain or '+' for i, id in ipairs(args) do if i > 1 then result:add(args[chainNames[i - 1]] or chainDefault) end local lc = id:lower() local text = keyText[lc] or keyText[keyAlias[lc]] or id result:add(kbdPrefix .. text .. kbdSuffix) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Template:Key press/styles.css'} } .. result:join() end local function keypress(frame) -- Called by "{{key press|...}}". -- Using the template doubles the post‐expand include size. return keyPress(frame:getParent().args) end local function press(frame) -- Called by "{{#invoke:key|press|...}}". return keyPress(frame.args) end return { keypress = keypress, press = press, } dsj5a5986yf1b9d1av9u7wdz0fptyrs 828 95898 375417 2026-05-02T15:57:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|key press}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 375417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|key press}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 52c8l3kkb4hmmk70j4znat24moutngq 828 95899 375418 2026-05-02T16:00:32Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local p = {} local key_labels = { -- Control keys ['backspace'] = '← Backspace', ['caps lock'] = '⇪ Caps Lock', ['cmd'] = '⌘ Cmd', ['command'] = '⌘ Command', ['enter'] = '↵ Enter', ['hyper'] = '✦ Hyper', ['menu'] = '≣ Menu', ['meta'] = '◆ Meta', ['opt'] = '⌥ Opt', ['option'] = '⌥ Option', ['shift'] = '⇧ Shift', ['tab'] = 'Tab ↹', ['super'] = '❖ Super', ['win'] = '⊞ Win', ['[[alt]]'] = '[[Alt key|Alt]]', ['[[altgr]]'] = '[[Alt... 375418 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local key_labels = { -- Control keys ['backspace'] = '← Backspace', ['caps lock'] = '⇪ Caps Lock', ['cmd'] = '⌘ Cmd', ['command'] = '⌘ Command', ['enter'] = '↵ Enter', ['hyper'] = '✦ Hyper', ['menu'] = '≣ Menu', ['meta'] = '◆ Meta', ['opt'] = '⌥ Opt', ['option'] = '⌥ Option', ['shift'] = '⇧ Shift', ['tab'] = 'Tab ↹', ['super'] = '❖ Super', ['win'] = '⊞ Win', ['[[alt]]'] = '[[Alt key|Alt]]', ['[[altgr]]'] = '[[AltGr key|AltGr]]', ['[[backspace]]'] = '← [[Backspace]]', ['[[caps lock]]'] = '⇪ [[Caps Lock]]', ['[[cmd]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Cmd]]', ['[[command]]'] = '⌘ [[Command key|Command]]', ['[[delete]]'] = '[[Delete key|Delete]]', ['[[end]]'] = '[[End key|End]]', ['[[enter]]'] = '↵ [[Enter key|Enter]]', ['[[esc]]'] = '[[Esc key|Escape]]', ['[[escape]]'] = '[[Esc key|Esc]]', ['[[fn]]'] = '[[Fn key|Fn]]', ['[[home]]'] = '[[Home key|Home]]', ['[[hyper]]'] = '✦ [[Hyper key|Hyper]]', ['[[insert]]'] = '[[Insert key|Insert]]', ['[[menu]]'] = '≣ [[Menu key|Menu]]', ['[[meta]]'] = '◆ [[Meta key|Meta]]', ['[[opt]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Opt]]', ['[[option]]'] = '⌥ [[Option key|Option]]', ['[[page down]]'] = '[[Page Up and Page Down keys|Page Down]]', ['[[page up]]'] = '[[Page Up and Page Down keys|Page Up]]', ['[[pgdn]]'] = '[[Page Up and Page Down keys|PgDn]]', ['[[pgup]]'] = '[[Page Up and Page Down keys|PgUp]]', ['[[print screen]]'] = '[[Print Screen]]', ['[[prt sc]]'] = '[[Print Screen|Prt Sc]]', ['[[return]]'] = '↵ [[Enter key|Return]]', ['[[scrlk]]'] = '[[Scroll Lock|ScrLk]]', ['[[scroll lock]]'] = '[[Scroll Lock]]', ['[[shift]]'] = '⇧ [[Shift key|Shift]]', ['[[super]]'] = '❖ [[Super key (keyboard button)|Super]]', ['[[tab]]'] = '[[Tab key|Tab]] ↹', ['[[win]]'] = '⊞ [[Windows key|Win]]', ['[[windows]]'] = '⊞ [[Windows key|Windows]]', -- Arrow keys ['up'] = '↑', ['down'] = '↓', ['left'] = '←', ['right'] = '→', ['[[up]]'] = '[[Arrow key|↑]]', ['[[down]]'] = '[[Arrow key|↓]]', ['[[left]]'] = '[[Arrow key|←]]', ['[[right]]'] = '[[Arrow key|→]]', -- Characters ['asterisk'] = '&#42;', ['hash'] = '&#35;', ['colon'] = '&#58;', ['pipe'] = '&#124;', ['semicolon'] = '&#59;', ['equals'] = '&#61;', -- Left & right analog sticks. ['l up'] = 'L↑', ['l down'] = 'L↓', ['l left'] = 'L←', ['l right'] = 'L→', ['l ne'] = 'L↗', ['l se'] = 'L↘', ['l nw'] = 'L↖', ['l sw'] = 'L↙', ['r up'] = 'R↑', ['r down'] = 'R↓', ['r left'] = 'R←', ['r right'] = 'R→', ['r ne'] = 'R↗', ['r se'] = 'R↘', ['r nw'] = 'R↖', ['r sw'] = 'R↙', -- PlayStation keys ['ex'] = '×', ['circle'] = '○', ['square'] = '□', ['triangle'] = '△', -- Nintendo 64 and GameCube keys ['c up'] = 'C↑', ['c down'] = 'C↓', ['c left'] = 'C←', ['c right'] = 'C→', ['c ne'] = 'C↗', ['c se'] = 'C↘', ['c nw'] = 'C↖', ['c sw'] = 'C↙', } local label_aliases = { ['*'] = 'asterisk', ['#'] = 'hash', [':'] = 'colon', [';'] = 'semicolon', ['l-up'] = 'l up', ['l-down'] = 'l down', ['l-left'] = 'l left', ['l-right'] = 'l right', ['l-ne'] = 'l ne', ['l-se'] = 'l se', ['l-nw'] = 'l nw', ['l-sw'] = 'l sw', ['r-up'] = 'r up', ['r-down'] = 'r down', ['r-left'] = 'r left', ['r-right'] = 'r right', ['r-ne'] = 'r ne', ['r-se'] = 'r se', ['r-nw'] = 'r nw', ['r-sw'] = 'r sw', ['ps x'] = 'ex', ['ps c'] = 'circle', ['ps s'] = 'square', ['ps t'] = 'triangle', ['c-up'] = 'c up', ['c-down'] = 'c down', ['c-left'] = 'c left', ['c-right'] = 'c right', ['c-ne'] = 'c ne', ['c-se'] = 'c se', ['c-nw'] = 'c nw', ['c-sw'] = 'c sw', } local function format_key_press(args) local result = {} local chain = args.chain or ' +&nbsp;' for i, id in ipairs(args) do local lc = id:lower() local text = key_labels[lc] or key_labels[label_aliases[lc]] or id local label = mw.html.create("kbd") :addClass("keyboard-key nowrap") :wikitext(text) table.insert(result, tostring(label)) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Template:Key press/styles.css'} } .. table.concat(result, chain) end function p.key_press(frame) return format_key_press(frame:getParent().args) end return p t418r847vtbbs5a4xjmwuwcedz6739z 828 95900 375419 2026-05-02T16:01:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|key press}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 375419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Clearyourcache]]}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Key press/styles.css}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|key press}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 52c8l3kkb4hmmk70j4znat24moutngq 10 95901 375420 2026-05-02T16:02:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: /* {{pp-template}} */ .keyboard-key { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0), var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0)); color: var(--color-base, #202122); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-siz... 375420 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .keyboard-key { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0), var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa), var(--background-color-neutral, #eaecf0)); color: var(--color-base, #202122); padding: 0.1em 0.3em; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; } ju6ncl0rj4jerf8mff9ywt3joykx897 10 95902 375428 2026-05-02T16:20:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 صفحي کي [[سانچو:Tlc]] ڏانھن چوريو 375428 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو[[سانچو:tlc]] qa98yyac1bdvwlbakmt8c7oijenqy5q 10 95903 375429 2026-05-02T16:24:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|Template:Template link expanded={{used in system}}|#default= {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} هي سانچ... 375429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Template:Template link with subst|Template:Template link expanded={{used in system}}|#default= {{#ifexpr:{{#invoke:Transclusion count|fetch|0}} > 2000|{{high-use}}}}}} {{tsh|{{{1|tlg}}}|{{{2|}}}}} {{lua|Module:Template link general}} هي سانچو، جيڪو گهڻو ڪري {{tlnull|{{#switch:{{lc:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}} | tlg | template link general = tlg | tlb | template link with bold = tlb | tlc | template link code = tlc | tlw ||template link with linked braces = tlw | tlf | template link with link off = tlf | tltss | template link with title span, subst = tltss | tlx | template link expanded = tlx | tlxb | template link expanded with bold = tlxb | tlxi | template link expanded with italic = tlxi | tlxs | template link expanded with subst = tlxs | tls | template link with subst = tls | tnull | template link null = tnull | tlp | template link with parameters = tlp}} }} سان مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي، ۽ اهو سانچن جي ڏيک کي بنا اصل سانچي کي استعمال ڪرڻ جي خاص انداز سان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ تيار ڪيل ڪوڊ سڌو سنئون (inline) ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي۔ ===پيراميٽر=== {{mono|alttext}} کان سواءِ، سڀئي نالا ڏنل پيراميٽر ٽوگل آهن جيڪي يا ته خالي ڇڏجن ٿا (عام طور تي) يا فعال ڪيا وڃن ٿا (جهڙوڪ "on"، "yes"، "true" وغيره سان)۔ اهي ڪنهن به ترتيب ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا (هيٺ مثال ڏسو)۔ ڪجهه سانچن ۾ "on" پاڻمرادو هوندو آهي؛ سڀني اختيارن لاءِ مکيه جدول ڏسو۔ جيڪڏهن ڪا قطار اڳئين جهڙي لڳي، ته ان جو مطلب آهي تہ اهو آپشن هن سانچي ۾ موجود ناهي ۽ {{tlx|tlg}} استعمال ڪرڻو پوندو۔ {| class="wikitable" ! پيراميٽر !! عمل !! استعمال مثال !! اڳواٽ فعال |- | || بنيادي حالت || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|example}} || |- | brace || ڪڙيون شامل ڪريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|brace=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlw}}/{{tl|tn}} |- | braceinside || اندروني ڪڙيون شامل ڪريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|example|braceinside=yes}} || |- | bold || '''ٿلهو''' ڏيکار || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|bold=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlb}} |- | code || {{tag|code}} ۾ ڏيکار || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|code=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlc}} |- | italic || ''اٽيلڪ'' ڏيکار || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|italic=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlxi}} |- | kbd || {{tag|kbd}} ۾ ڏيکار || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|kbd=yes|example}} || |- | nolink || لنڪ نه ٺاهيو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nolink=yes|example}} || {{tl|tlf}} |- | nowrap || لائين ٽوڙڻ روڪيو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrap=yes|example}} || |- | nowrapname || صرف نالي لاءِ لائين ٽوڙڻ روڪيو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|nowrapname=yes|example}} || |- | plaincode || سادي ڪوڊ انداز || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|plaincode=yes|example}} || |- | subst || subst شامل ڪريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|subst=yes|example}} || {{tl|tls}} |- | alttext || متبادل ليبل || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|alttext=Other|example}} || |- | _show_result || نتيجو ڏيکاريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|_show_result=y}} || |- | _expand || وڌايل صفحو ڏيکاريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|_expand=y}} || |- | a || ستارو شامل ڪريو || {{{{{1|tlg}}}|a=y}} || |} ===مثال=== {{Aligned table |cols=3 |class=wikitable |row1header=y | Code | نتيجو | وضاحت | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|Abc}} | موجود سانچو | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x1|one}} | هڪ پيراميٽر | {{tlx|{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | {{{{{1|tlg}}}|x2|one|two}} | ٻه پيراميٽر }} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "سانچي جو نالو", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "پهريون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو پهريون پيراميٽر", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "ٻيو پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو ٻيو پيراميٽر", "type": "content", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "ٽيون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو ٽيون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "5": { "label": "چوٿون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو چوٿون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "6": { "label": "پنجون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو پنجون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "7": { "label": "ڇهون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو ڇهون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "8": { "label": "ستون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو ستون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "9": { "label": "اٺون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو اٺون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "10": { "label": "نائون پيراميٽر", "description": "سانچي جو نائون پيراميٽر", "type": "content" }, "brace": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ جي حصي طور ونگا ڏنگ شامل ڪريو", "type": "boolean" }, "braceinside": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ جي حصي طور سڀ کان اندر وارا ونگا ڏنگ شامل ڪريو", "type": "boolean" }, "bold": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ/نالي کي ٿلهي اکرن ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو", "type": "boolean" }, "code": { "description": "HTML <code>…</code> ٽيگ استعمال ڪندي نتيجو ڏيکاريو (هڪجهڙي ويڪر وارو فونٽ)", "type": "boolean" }, "italic": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ/نالي سان گڏ ايندڙ پيراميٽرن کي اٽيلڪ ۾ ڏيکاريو", "type": "boolean" }, "kbd": { "description": "HTML <kbd>...</kbd> ٽيگ استعمال ڪندي نتيجو ڏيکاريو (هڪجهڙي ويڪر وارو فونٽ)", "type": "boolean" }, "nolink": { "description": "سانچي جي نالي کي ڳنڍ طور نه ڏيکاريو", "type": "boolean" }, "nowrap": { "description": "نتيجي ۾ سٽ ٽٽڻ کان روڪيو", "type": "boolean" }, "nowrapname": { "description": "سانچي جي نالي/ڳنڍ ۾ لفظ ٽٽڻ کان روڪيو؛ پيراميٽر ضرورت پوڻ تي ٽٽي سگهن ٿا", "type": "boolean" }, "plaincode": { "description": "<code style=\"border:none; background:transparent;\">...</code> استعمال ڪري ٿو", "type": "boolean" }, "subst": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ/نالي کان اڳ subst: اڳياڙو شامل ڪريو", "type": "boolean" }, "alttext": { "description": "سانچي جي ڳنڍ لاءِ ڏيکاريو ويندڙ ليبل", "type": "string" }, "_show_result": { "description": "سانچي جو نتيجو ڏيکاريو", "type": "boolean" }, "_expand": { "description": "وڌايل سانچي واري صفحي ڏانهن ڳنڍ شامل ڪريو", "type": "boolean" }, "a": { "description": "سانچي جي ڪوڊ کان اڳ ستارو شامل ڪريو", "type": "boolean" } }, "description": "هي سانچو، جيڪو اڪثر {{tlg}} طور مختصر ڪيو ويندو آهي، سانچي کي اصل ۾ استعمال ڪرڻ کانسواءِ سانچي جي ڏيک کي اندازدار صورت ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي. ٺاهيل ڪوڊ ساڳئي سٽ ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو.", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== {{Template-linking templates}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| [[زمرو:اندروني سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:متغير سانچا]] }}</includeonly> aj024iar0nb3jpejx9mtvvqwa2h3m8f 10 95904 375430 2026-05-02T16:28:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> == مقصد == هي سانچو ان ڳالهه کي واضح طور ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو تہ ان جي اندر موجود مواد ڪنهن ڪمپيوٽر پروگرام يا ٻئي مشيني ذريعو (جهڙوڪ [[خودڪار جواب ڏيندڙ]] / [[انٽرايڪٽو وائس رسپانس]... 375430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> == مقصد == هي سانچو ان ڳالهه کي واضح طور ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو تہ ان جي اندر موجود مواد ڪنهن ڪمپيوٽر پروگرام يا ٻئي مشيني ذريعو (جهڙوڪ [[خودڪار جواب ڏيندڙ]] / [[انٽرايڪٽو وائس رسپانس]] سسٽم، [[ايگزيٽ ڪوڊ]]، [[معياري آئوٽ پٽ]]، LCD ڏيک، فائل جو نالو وغيره) مان نڪتل مثال نتيجو آهي۔ هي &#91;[[ايڪس ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل|ايڪس]]&#93;[[ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل]] عنصر {{tag|samp}} (يعني "نموني آئوٽ پٽ") استعمال ڪري ٿو، جيڪو هن مقصد لاءِ مخصوص آهي، ۽ ان تي ٿورو انداز لاڳو ڪري ٿو جيئن متن هلڪو سرمائي ڏيک ڏئي ۽ سورس ڪوڊ ۽ ان پٽ کان الڳ نظر اچي۔ هي {{tag|samp|open}} عنصر جي ڊيفالٽ مونو اسپيسڊ فونٽ (هڪجهڙي ويڪر وارو) برقرار رکي ٿو۔ ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو {{tag|samp}} استعمال ڪري ٿو، تنهنڪري اهو [[معنوي مارڪ اپ]] آهي جيڪو مطلب به ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ يوزر ايجنٽ (مثال طور ذاتي اسٽائل شيٽ) ان تي وڌيڪ عمل به ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ هي ٽيگ {{tlx|kbd}} جي ابتڙ آهي، جيڪو ان پٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هوندو آهي۔ == استعمال == هي سانچو هڪ لازمي پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو: ڏيکارڻ وارو مواد۔ جيڪڏهن ان مواد ۾ "=" (برابر نشان) هجي، ته پيراميٽر کي لازمي طور {{para|1}} نالي سان لکڻو پوندو، نه⁠ته سانچو ڪم نه ڪندو (هي MediaWiki جي حد آهي، سانچي جي نه)۔ محفوظ طريقي سان هميشه {{para|1}} استعمال ڪرڻ بهتر آهي۔ هي {{tlx|var}}، {{tlx|varserif}} يا {{tag|var}} سان گڏ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن نتيجو ڪنهن متغير تي ٻڌل هجي۔ اهو {{tlx|code}} سان گڏ (پر اندر نه) يا {{tag|code}} سان گڏ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو (عام طور تي اندر استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، ڇو⁠تہ نتيجو سورس ڪوڊ جو حصو نه هوندو آهي، پر ان مان نڪتل هوندو آهي)۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجي جو رنگ ڏيکارڻو هجي، ته اختياري پيراميٽر {{para|color}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو [[ويب رنگ]] يا <code>#<var>nnnnnn</var></code> ڪوڊ وٺي ٿو (هتي <code>#</code> لازمي آهي)۔ [[رسائي سهولت]] جي لحاظ سان، رنگ اڪيلو فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، ڇو⁠تہ ڪجهه پڙهندڙن لاءِ فرق نظر نه ايندو۔ {{para|style}} پيراميٽر ذريعي CSS انداز به ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، مثال: {{para|style|font-variant:small-caps; font-style:italic;}} === مثال === * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "غلطي جو پيغام {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} استعمال ڪندڙ لاءِ ڏکيو سمجهيو وڃي ٿو۔" * {{tnull|samp|%}} سان {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "{{samp|%}} پرامپٽ تي، يوزر کي {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}} داخل ڪرڻو پوندو۔" * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}: ناڪامي تي {{samp|Error|color=red}} روشني چالو ٿئي ٿي۔ * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}: وڌيڪ ترتيب سان {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ <div style="background:#FFFFFF;"> * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "غلطي جو پيغام {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} ڏکيو آهي۔" * {{tnull|samp|%}} سان {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "{{samp|%}} تي {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}} داخل ڪريو۔" * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}: ناڪامي تي {{samp|Error|color=red}} ظاهر ٿئي ٿو۔ * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}: وڌيڪ انداز سان {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ </div> === پڻ ڏسو === * {{t|code}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل متبادل سانچا]] }}</includeonly> bkaon16tc1pv1d3slo6j607jq1ynqek 10 95905 375431 2026-05-02T17:04:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> == مقصد == هي سانچو ان ڳالهه کي واضح طور ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو تہ ان جي اندر موجود مواد ڪنهن ڪمپيوٽر پروگرام يا ٻئي مشيني ذريعو (جهڙوڪ [[خودڪار جواب ڏيندڙ]] / [[انٽرايڪٽو وائس رسپانس]... 375431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> == مقصد == هي سانچو ان ڳالهه کي واضح طور ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو تہ ان جي اندر موجود مواد ڪنهن ڪمپيوٽر پروگرام يا ٻئي مشيني ذريعو (جهڙوڪ [[خودڪار جواب ڏيندڙ]] / [[انٽرايڪٽو وائس رسپانس]] سسٽم، [[ايگزيٽ ڪوڊ]]، [[معياري آئوٽ پٽ]]، LCD ڏيک، فائل جو نالو وغيره) مان نڪتل مثال نتيجو آهي۔ هي &#91;[[ايڪس ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل|ايڪس]]&#93;[[ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل]] عنصر {{tag|samp}} (يعني "نموني آئوٽ پٽ") استعمال ڪري ٿو، جيڪو هن مقصد لاءِ مخصوص آهي، ۽ ان تي ٿورو انداز لاڳو ڪري ٿو جيئن متن هلڪو سرمائي ڏيک ڏئي ۽ سورس ڪوڊ ۽ ان پٽ کان الڳ نظر اچي۔ هي {{tag|samp|open}} عنصر جي ڊيفالٽ مونو اسپيسڊ فونٽ (هڪجهڙي ويڪر وارو) برقرار رکي ٿو۔ ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهو {{tag|samp}} استعمال ڪري ٿو، تنهنڪري اهو [[معنوي مارڪ اپ]] آهي جيڪو مطلب به ڏيکاري ٿو، ۽ يوزر ايجنٽ (مثال طور ذاتي اسٽائل شيٽ) ان تي وڌيڪ عمل به ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ هي ٽيگ {{tlx|kbd}} جي ابتڙ آهي، جيڪو ان پٽ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ هوندو آهي۔ == استعمال == هي سانچو هڪ لازمي پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو: ڏيکارڻ وارو مواد۔ جيڪڏهن ان مواد ۾ "=" (برابر نشان) هجي، ته پيراميٽر کي لازمي طور {{para|1}} نالي سان لکڻو پوندو، نه⁠ته سانچو ڪم نه ڪندو (هي MediaWiki جي حد آهي، سانچي جي نه)۔ محفوظ طريقي سان هميشه {{para|1}} استعمال ڪرڻ بهتر آهي۔ هي {{tlx|var}}، {{tlx|varserif}} يا {{tag|var}} سان گڏ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن نتيجو ڪنهن متغير تي ٻڌل هجي۔ اهو {{tlx|code}} سان گڏ (پر اندر نه) يا {{tag|code}} سان گڏ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو (عام طور تي اندر استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، ڇو⁠تہ نتيجو سورس ڪوڊ جو حصو نه هوندو آهي، پر ان مان نڪتل هوندو آهي)۔ جيڪڏهن نتيجي جو رنگ ڏيکارڻو هجي، ته اختياري پيراميٽر {{para|color}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي، جيڪو [[ويب رنگ]] يا <code>#<var>nnnnnn</var></code> ڪوڊ وٺي ٿو (هتي <code>#</code> لازمي آهي)۔ [[رسائي سهولت]] جي لحاظ سان، رنگ اڪيلو فرق ظاهر ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، ڇو⁠تہ ڪجهه پڙهندڙن لاءِ فرق نظر نه ايندو۔ {{para|style}} پيراميٽر ذريعي CSS انداز به ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، مثال: {{para|style|font-variant:small-caps; font-style:italic;}} === مثال === * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "غلطي جو پيغام {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} استعمال ڪندڙ لاءِ ڏکيو سمجهيو وڃي ٿو۔" * {{tnull|samp|%}} سان {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "{{samp|%}} پرامپٽ تي، يوزر کي {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}} داخل ڪرڻو پوندو۔" * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}: ناڪامي تي {{samp|Error|color=red}} روشني چالو ٿئي ٿي۔ * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}: وڌيڪ ترتيب سان {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ <div style="background:#FFFFFF;"> * {{tnull|samp|1{{=}}[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}}: "غلطي جو پيغام {{samp|1=[A]bort, [R]etry, [F]ail?}} ڏکيو آهي۔" * {{tnull|samp|%}} سان {{tnull|kbd|1{{=}}ssh <nowiki>{{var|hostname}}</nowiki>}}: "{{samp|%}} تي {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}} داخل ڪريو۔" * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red}}: ناڪامي تي {{samp|Error|color=red}} ظاهر ٿئي ٿو۔ * {{tnull|samp|Error|color{{=}}red|style{{=}}font-variant:small-caps;}}: وڌيڪ انداز سان {{samp|Error|color=red|style=font-variant:small-caps;}} ڏيکاريو وڃي ٿو۔ </div> === پڻ ڏسو === * {{t|code}} {{Semantic markup templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل متبادل سانچا]] }}</includeonly> bkaon16tc1pv1d3slo6j607jq1ynqek 10 95906 375432 2026-05-02T17:06:50Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{Template shortcut|CoNo|Cnw|pre1=subst:|pre2=subst:}} {{Subst only|auto=yes}} {{Notice|مٿان ڏيکاريل ڪوڊ کي نظرانداز ڪريو؛ اهو آخري نتيجي وانگر ظاهر نه ٿيندو}} هي سانچو جلدي طريقي سان... 375432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{Template shortcut|CoNo|Cnw|pre1=subst:|pre2=subst:}} {{Subst only|auto=yes}} {{Notice|مٿان ڏيکاريل ڪوڊ کي نظرانداز ڪريو؛ اهو آخري نتيجي وانگر ظاهر نه ٿيندو}} هي سانچو جلدي طريقي سان سانچي جي سورس ڪوڊ کي {{tag|code|content={{tag|nowiki}}}} مارڪ اپ اندر رکڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ صحيح ڪم ڪرڻ لاءِ، {{strong|ان کي لازمي طور [[وپ:SUBST|سبسٽ]] ڪرڻو پوندو}}۔ سفارش ڪيل استعمال هي آهي: : {{tc|subst:{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}&nbsp;|1{{=}}''(ڪوڊ)''}} <code><nowiki>1=</nowiki></code> گهڻو ڪري ضروري هوندو آهي، جيئن "=" کان اڳ وارو حصو پيراميٽر نالي طور نه ورتو وڃي۔ === مثال === : {{nowrap|<nowiki>{{subst:</nowiki>{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}<nowiki> |1=هتي ڪوڊ آهي}}</nowiki> ... نتيجو: ...&nbsp; <code><nowiki>هتي ڪوڊ آهي</nowiki></code>}} هن نتيجي لاءِ ٺهيل ڪوڊ هي آهي: : &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;هتي ڪوڊ آهي&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; === اندروني سبسٽ === جيڪڏهن هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ٽرانسڪلوژن|ٽرانسڪلوڊ]] ڪيو وڃي (سبسٽ ڪرڻ بدران)، ته نتيجو صفحي کي ٻيهر محفوظ ڪرڻ سان درست ٿي سگهي ٿو: : {{{{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} |1=هتي ڪوڊ آهي}} === حدون === هي سانچو دستخطن سان ڪم نٿو ڪري۔ مثال طور {{tlxs|codenowiki|<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>}} لکندؤ ته اهو مڪمل دستخطي ڪوڊ ڏيکاريندو۔ === پڻ ڏسو === * {{tlx|codett}} {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] }}</includeonly> itn9utrlhkp58fiq5ruyj6jkog1gfrq 10 95907 375433 2026-05-02T17:12:52Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{used in system|in [[ميڊياوڪي:نئين صفحن جو خلاصو]]}} {{for|ڊيش لاءِ سانچو|سانچو:Em dash}} == مقصد == {{Strong|Em سانچو}} متن تي {{tag|em}} {{em|زور ڏيڻ}} وارو [[ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل عنصر]] لڳائڻ کي آسان ۽ تيز بڻائ... 375433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{used in system|in [[ميڊياوڪي:نئين صفحن جو خلاصو]]}} {{for|ڊيش لاءِ سانچو|سانچو:Em dash}} == مقصد == {{Strong|Em سانچو}} متن تي {{tag|em}} {{em|زور ڏيڻ}} وارو [[ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل عنصر]] لڳائڻ کي آسان ۽ تيز بڻائي ٿو، ۽ وڌيڪ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته انساني ايڊيٽرن ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا:بوٽس|وڪيپيڊيا بوٽن]] کي اهو ظاهر ڪري ٿو ته اهي <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}} ذريعي صرف ظاهري اٽيلڪ استعمال ڪري هن کي تبديل نه ڪن۔ زور ڏيڻ ({{tag|em}}) عام طور تي بصري برائوزرن ۾ اٽيلڪ (يا ٿورو جهڪيل) فونٽ ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي، پر ان کي [[اسٽائيل شيٽ (ويب ترقي)|اسٽائيل شيٽن]]، [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپس]]، ۽ ٽيڪسٽ-ٽو-اسپيچ [[اسڪرين ريڊر]]ن ذريعي پڻ مختلف طريقن سان سمجهي ۽ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ هي [[معنوي مارڪ اپ]] آهي، يعني اهڙو مارڪ اپ جيڪو رڳو ڏيک نه پر معنيٰ به پهچائي ٿو۔ سادو اٽيلڪ (<code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}}) صرف ٽائپوگرافڪ هوندو آهي ۽ معنوي لحاظ کان ڪو مطلب نٿو رکي؛ پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ سادو اٽيلڪ وڌيڪ مناسب هوندو آهي، جيئن ڪتابن، فلمن، البمن جا عنوان، پرڏيهي لفظ ۽ جملا، [[لفظ بطور لفظ]]، جهازن جا نالا، [[سائنسي ناليڪاري|جنسن ۽ ان کان هيٺ سائنسي نالا]] وغيره، جتي اٽيلڪ رڳو انداز لاءِ هجي، زور لاءِ نه۔ عام پڙهندڙ يا ايڊيٽر کي گهڻو ڪري هن فرق جي ضرورت نه هوندي، پر ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهو اهم ٿيندو آهي، ۽ ڄاڻ رکندڙ ايڊيٽر هن سانچي کي استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا ته جيئن بوٽن يا ٻين ايڊيٽرن طرفان غلط تبديلي کان بچاءُ ٿئي ۽ [[ويب رسائي]] به بهتر ٿئي۔ == استعمال == : {{tnull|em|<var>متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي</var>}} يا جيڪڏهن متن ۾ "=" نشان هجي: : {{tnull|em|'''1{{=}}'''<var>متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي</var>}} ٻئي صورتون هيئن ڏيکارين ٿيون: : {{em|متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي}} هي سانچو ڏنل متن جي چوڌاري واضح {{tag|em}} (زور) مارڪ اپ لڳائي ٿو۔ محفوظ طريقو اهو آهي ته هميشه {{para|1}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ === اختياري پيراميٽر === هيٺيان پيراميٽر HTML ڪوڊ ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * {{para|role}}: WAI-ARIA ڪردار؛ HTML ۾ <code>role="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|class}}: ڪلاس نالا؛ <code>class="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|style}}: CSS هدايتون؛ <code>style="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|id}}: منفرد سڃاڻپ؛ <code>id="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|title}}: ٽول ٽِپ متن؛ <code>title="..."</code> شامل ڪندو === استعمال جا مثال === {{details|وڪيپيڊيا:استعمال لائق/جلدي پڙهڻ}} هي سانچو ڪنهن اهم لفظ يا جملي تي هلڪو زور ڏيڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو صرف اٽيلڪ کان وڌيڪ معنوي هوندو آهي۔ ان سان متن نمايان ٿئي ٿو ۽ ڪجهه اسڪرين ريڊر پڻ ان کي پڙهڻ وقت زور ڏين ٿا۔ مثال: * "<code><nowiki>رپورٽن جي ابتڙ، هوءَ {{em|نه}} مري هئي۔</nowiki></code>"<br /> "رپورٽن جي ابتڙ، هوءَ {{em|نه}} مري هئي۔" ڪڏهن ڪڏهن وضاحت لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، پر اهو گهٽ مناسب هوندو آهي ۽ عام طور ٻيهر لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ == ڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪجي == ڇو ته {{tnull|em}} صرف معنوي زور لاءِ آهي، تنهن ڪري ان کي ترتيب، انداز يا ٻين حالتن لاءِ استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، جهڙوڪ عنوان، پرڏيهي لفظ، سائنسي نالا وغيره۔ اهڙين حالتن ۾ <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ {{tnull|Em}} کي تڏهن به استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي جڏهن متن اڳ ۾ ئي ڪنهن ٻئي سبب سان اٽيلڪ هجي (مثال: ڪتاب جو عنوان)؛ اهڙي صورت ۾ {{tlx|Strong}} استعمال ڪريو۔ عام طور تي ان کي وڪي لنڪ ٿيل لفظن تي پڻ استعمال ڪرڻ کان پاسو ڪيو وڃي، ڇو ته لنڪ پاڻ زور جو ڪم ڏئي ٿو۔ == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "متن", "description": "اهو متن جنهن کي فارميٽ ڪرڻو آهي۔", "type": "content", "required": true }, "role": { "label": "WAI-ARIA ڪردار", "description": "متن جو ڪردار بيان ڪري ٿو۔", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "math", "presentation", "none", "note" ] }, "class": { "label": "HTML ڪلاس", "description": "ڪلاس جا نالا", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS انداز", "description": "CSS هدايتون", "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "HTML سڃاڻپ", "description": "منفرد سڃاڻپ", "type": "string" }, "title": { "label": "ٽول ٽِپ متن", "description": "مٿان ظاهر ٿيندڙ وضاحت", "type": "string" } }, "description": "متن کي HTML <em> عنصر سان فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tlx|Strong}} – بولڊ زور لاءِ * {{tlx|Strongbad}} – ڳاڙهي زور لاءِ * {{tlx|Stronggood}} – سائي زور لاءِ {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا HTML ٽئگ بدلائيندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> hgvu4yodxfop0w8ibnbfj5yapnhikgx 375434 375433 2026-05-02T17:13:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 375434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> {{used in system|in [[ميڊياوڪي:نئين صفحن جو خلاصو]]}} {{for|ڊيش لاءِ سانچو|سانچو:Em dash}} == مقصد == {{Strong|Em سانچو}} متن تي {{tag|em}} {{em|زور ڏيڻ}} وارو [[ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل عنصر]] لڳائڻ کي آسان ۽ تيز بڻائي ٿو، ۽ وڌيڪ اهم ڳالهه اها آهي ته انساني ايڊيٽرن ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا:بوٽس|وڪيپيڊيا بوٽن]] کي اهو ظاهر ڪري ٿو ته اهي <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}} ذريعي صرف ظاهري اٽيلڪ استعمال ڪري هن کي تبديل نه ڪن۔ زور ڏيڻ ({{tag|em}}) عام طور تي بصري برائوزرن ۾ اٽيلڪ (يا ٿورو جهڪيل) فونٽ ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو آهي، پر ان کي [[اسٽائيل شيٽ (ويب ترقي)|اسٽائيل شيٽن]]، [[ايپليڪيشن سافٽويئر|ايپس]]، ۽ ٽيڪسٽ-ٽو-اسپيچ [[اسڪرين ريڊر]]ن ذريعي پڻ مختلف طريقن سان سمجهي ۽ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ هي [[معنوي مارڪ اپ]] آهي، يعني اهڙو مارڪ اپ جيڪو رڳو ڏيک نه پر معنيٰ به پهچائي ٿو۔ سادو اٽيلڪ (<code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}}) صرف ٽائپوگرافڪ هوندو آهي ۽ معنوي لحاظ کان ڪو مطلب نٿو رکي؛ پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ سادو اٽيلڪ وڌيڪ مناسب هوندو آهي، جيئن ڪتابن، فلمن، البمن جا عنوان، پرڏيهي لفظ ۽ جملا، [[لفظ بطور لفظ]]، جهازن جا نالا، [[سائنسي ناليڪاري|جنسن ۽ ان کان هيٺ سائنسي نالا]] وغيره، جتي اٽيلڪ رڳو انداز لاءِ هجي، زور لاءِ نه۔ عام پڙهندڙ يا ايڊيٽر کي گهڻو ڪري هن فرق جي ضرورت نه هوندي، پر ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهو اهم ٿيندو آهي، ۽ ڄاڻ رکندڙ ايڊيٽر هن سانچي کي استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا ته جيئن بوٽن يا ٻين ايڊيٽرن طرفان غلط تبديلي کان بچاءُ ٿئي ۽ [[ويب رسائي]] به بهتر ٿئي۔ == استعمال == : {{tnull|em|<var>متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي</var>}} يا جيڪڏهن متن ۾ "=" نشان هجي: : {{tnull|em|'''1{{=}}'''<var>متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي</var>}} ٻئي صورتون هيئن ڏيکارين ٿيون: : {{em|متن جنهن تي زور ڏيڻو آهي}} هي سانچو ڏنل متن جي چوڌاري واضح {{tag|em}} (زور) مارڪ اپ لڳائي ٿو۔ محفوظ طريقو اهو آهي ته هميشه {{para|1}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ === اختياري پيراميٽر === هيٺيان پيراميٽر HTML ڪوڊ ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا: * {{para|role}}: WAI-ARIA ڪردار؛ HTML ۾ <code>role="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|class}}: ڪلاس نالا؛ <code>class="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|style}}: CSS هدايتون؛ <code>style="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|id}}: منفرد سڃاڻپ؛ <code>id="..."</code> شامل ڪندو * {{para|title}}: ٽول ٽِپ متن؛ <code>title="..."</code> شامل ڪندو === استعمال جا مثال === {{details|وڪيپيڊيا:استعمال لائق/جلدي پڙهڻ}} هي سانچو ڪنهن اهم لفظ يا جملي تي هلڪو زور ڏيڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جيڪو صرف اٽيلڪ کان وڌيڪ معنوي هوندو آهي۔ ان سان متن نمايان ٿئي ٿو ۽ ڪجهه اسڪرين ريڊر پڻ ان کي پڙهڻ وقت زور ڏين ٿا۔ مثال: * "<code><nowiki>رپورٽن جي ابتڙ، هوءَ {{em|نه}} مري هئي۔</nowiki></code>"<br /> "رپورٽن جي ابتڙ، هوءَ {{em|نه}} مري هئي۔" ڪڏهن ڪڏهن وضاحت لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، پر اهو گهٽ مناسب هوندو آهي ۽ عام طور ٻيهر لکي سگهجي ٿو۔ == ڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪجي == ڇو ته {{tnull|em}} صرف معنوي زور لاءِ آهي، تنهن ڪري ان کي ترتيب، انداز يا ٻين حالتن لاءِ استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، جهڙوڪ عنوان، پرڏيهي لفظ، سائنسي نالا وغيره۔ اهڙين حالتن ۾ <code><nowiki>''...''</nowiki></code> يا {{tag|i}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ {{tnull|Em}} کي تڏهن به استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي جڏهن متن اڳ ۾ ئي ڪنهن ٻئي سبب سان اٽيلڪ هجي (مثال: ڪتاب جو عنوان)؛ اهڙي صورت ۾ {{tlx|Strong}} استعمال ڪريو۔ عام طور تي ان کي وڪي لنڪ ٿيل لفظن تي پڻ استعمال ڪرڻ کان پاسو ڪيو وڃي، ڇو ته لنڪ پاڻ زور جو ڪم ڏئي ٿو۔ == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "متن", "description": "اهو متن جنهن کي فارميٽ ڪرڻو آهي۔", "type": "content", "required": true }, "role": { "label": "WAI-ARIA ڪردار", "description": "متن جو ڪردار بيان ڪري ٿو۔", "type": "string", "suggestedvalues": [ "math", "presentation", "none", "note" ] }, "class": { "label": "HTML ڪلاس", "description": "ڪلاس جا نالا", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS انداز", "description": "CSS هدايتون", "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "HTML سڃاڻپ", "description": "منفرد سڃاڻپ", "type": "string" }, "title": { "label": "ٽول ٽِپ متن", "description": "مٿان ظاهر ٿيندڙ وضاحت", "type": "string" } }, "description": "متن کي HTML <em> عنصر سان فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tlx|Strong}} – بولڊ زور لاءِ * {{tlx|Strongbad}} – ڳاڙهي زور لاءِ * {{tlx|Stronggood}} – سائي زور لاءِ {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا HTML ٽئگ بدلائيندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 98rybiydo4oxhsnosi66dqx9tra9296 10 95908 375435 2026-05-02T17:17:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|VAR|ويريئبل}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{high-use| 6000 }} هي سانچو ويريئبل نالن (جهڙوڪ [[ويريئبل (رياضيات)|رياضيات]]، [[ويريئبل (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|ڪمپيوٽر سورس ڪوڊ]]، [[وڪي مارڪ اپ]]، [... 375435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|VAR|ويريئبل}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{high-use| 6000 }} هي سانچو ويريئبل نالن (جهڙوڪ [[ويريئبل (رياضيات)|رياضيات]]، [[ويريئبل (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|ڪمپيوٽر سورس ڪوڊ]]، [[وڪي مارڪ اپ]]، [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو دستاويز|سانچن جي دستاويز]]، [[ميٽاسنٽيڪٽڪ ويريئبل|ميٽاسنٽيڪٽڪ ويريئبل]] وغيره) کي درست [[سيمينٽڪ HTML|معنوي]] {{tag|var|link=yes}} ٽئگ سان ڏيکارڻ ۾ مدد ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو روايت موجب ويريئبل کي اٽيلڪ ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ايڊيٽر سڌو سنئون {{tag|var}} ٽئگ پڻ [[مدد:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ|وڪي ٽيڪسٽ]] ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان ساڳيو نتيجو نڪرندو۔ {{tag|var|o}} يا {{tl|var}} جو استعمال صرف اٽيلڪ ڪرڻ جي ڀيٽ ۾ وڌيڪ مناسب آهي، ڇو ته ان سان [[وڪيپيڊيا:رسائي|رسائي]]، [[پريزنٽيشن ۽ مواد جي الڳي|پريزنٽيشن ۽ مواد جي الڳي]]، [[سيمينٽڪ ويب]] ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا:ميٽاڊيٽا|ميٽاڊيٽا]] جا فائدا حاصل ٿين ٿا۔ [[XHTML]] ۽ [[HTML]] ۾ {{tag|var|o}} عنصر معنوي حيثيت رکي ٿو، جڏهن ته سادو اٽيلڪ اهڙي معنيٰ نٿو ڏئي۔ هي سانچو ٿورو [[ڪرنگ]] پڻ مهيا ڪري ٿو ته جيئن پڙهڻ ۾ آساني ٿئي۔ "ويريئبل" هتي ان معنيٰ ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جنهن ۾ غير معين يا نامعلوم نالا، انساني ان پُٽ جا مثال، حسابي مساواتن جا ويريئبل وغيره شامل ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ هي سانچو (۽ ان جي بنياد XHTML) عام طور استعمال نه ڪيو ويندو جڏهن {{tag|math}} ٽئگ يا ٻيو ڪو الڳ [[مدد:رياضي|رياضي مارڪ اپ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ == استعمال == ڪڏهن ڪڏهن توهان سيرف فونٽ استعمال ڪرڻ چاهيو ٿا، خاص ڪري جڏهن هڪ اکر وارا ويريئبل جهڙوڪ "I" (وڏو آءِ) ۽ "l" (ننڍو ايل) ڏيکارڻا هجن، ڇو ته اهي هڪجهڙا لڳي سگهن ٿا۔ اهڙي حالت ۾ {{tlx|varserif}} سانچو {{tnull|var}} جي بدران استعمال ڪريو، جيئن: {{varserif|I}}, {{varserif|l}} === مثال === {{Markup HTML Rendered|<nowiki>{{var|username}}</nowiki>|<var>username</var>|{{var|username}}}} {{Markup | <nowiki><var>username</var></nowiki> | <var>username</var> | <nowiki>{{var|username}}</nowiki> | {{var|username}} | <nowiki>ڪمانڊ لائن ھن طرح ھجڻ گھرجي: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(جتي {{var|hostname}} آءِ پي پتو يا ... ھوندو)<br />جيڪڏھن صحيح ھجي ته {{key press|Enter}} دٻايو</nowiki> | ڪمانڊ لائن ھن طرح ھجڻ گھرجي: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(جتي {{var|hostname}} آءِ پي پتو يا ... ھوندو)<br />جيڪڏھن صحيح ھجي ته {{key press|Enter}} دٻايو | <nowiki>ھن مساوات ۾، {{var|x}}{{=}}1 ۽ {{var|y}}{{=}}120 وٺو ...</nowiki> | ھن مساوات ۾، {{var|x}}{{=}}1 ۽ {{var|y}}{{=}}120 وٺو ... | <nowiki>{{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}}</nowiki> | {{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}} }} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "ويريئبل", "type": "line", "required": true }, "class": { "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "سڃاڻپ", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "lang": { "label": "ٻولي ٽئگ", "example": "en-UK", "type": "line", "description": "IETF BCP 47 ٻولي ٽئگ", "suggestedvalues": [ "en-US", "en-UK", "es-419", "en", "es", "de", "zh" ] }, "title": { "label": "HTML عنوان (hover متن)", "type": "string" } }, "description": "متن کي HTML ويريئبل طور نشان لڳائي ٿو", "format": "inline" } </templatedata>}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|mvar}} جيڪو دليل کي اٽيلڪ ڪري رياضي طور ڏيکاري ٿو * {{tl|math}} جيڪو دليل کي رياضي طور فارميٽ ڪري ٿو * {{tl|bigmath}} جيڪو {{tl|math}} جهڙو آهي پر وڏو ڏيکاري ٿو {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:رياضياتي فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائيپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا HTML ٽئگ بدلائيندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 3crw2132zrzrm5xqbt9m939muazlybg 375436 375435 2026-05-02T17:20:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* استعمال */ 375436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{tlr|VAR|ويريئبل}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي ڏيو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{high-use| 6000 }} هي سانچو ويريئبل نالن (جهڙوڪ [[ويريئبل (رياضيات)|رياضيات]]، [[ويريئبل (ڪمپيوٽر سائنس)|ڪمپيوٽر سورس ڪوڊ]]، [[وڪي مارڪ اپ]]، [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو دستاويز|سانچن جي دستاويز]]، [[ميٽاسنٽيڪٽڪ ويريئبل|ميٽاسنٽيڪٽڪ ويريئبل]] وغيره) کي درست [[سيمينٽڪ HTML|معنوي]] {{tag|var|link=yes}} ٽئگ سان ڏيکارڻ ۾ مدد ڏئي ٿو، جيڪو روايت موجب ويريئبل کي اٽيلڪ ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ ايڊيٽر سڌو سنئون {{tag|var}} ٽئگ پڻ [[مدد:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ|وڪي ٽيڪسٽ]] ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهن ٿا، جنهن سان ساڳيو نتيجو نڪرندو۔ {{tag|var|o}} يا {{tl|var}} جو استعمال صرف اٽيلڪ ڪرڻ جي ڀيٽ ۾ وڌيڪ مناسب آهي، ڇو ته ان سان [[وڪيپيڊيا:رسائي|رسائي]]، [[پريزنٽيشن ۽ مواد جي الڳي|پريزنٽيشن ۽ مواد جي الڳي]]، [[سيمينٽڪ ويب]] ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا:ميٽاڊيٽا|ميٽاڊيٽا]] جا فائدا حاصل ٿين ٿا۔ [[XHTML]] ۽ [[HTML]] ۾ {{tag|var|o}} عنصر معنوي حيثيت رکي ٿو، جڏهن ته سادو اٽيلڪ اهڙي معنيٰ نٿو ڏئي۔ هي سانچو ٿورو [[ڪرنگ]] پڻ مهيا ڪري ٿو ته جيئن پڙهڻ ۾ آساني ٿئي۔ "ويريئبل" هتي ان معنيٰ ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، جنهن ۾ غير معين يا نامعلوم نالا، انساني ان پُٽ جا مثال، حسابي مساواتن جا ويريئبل وغيره شامل ٿي سگهن ٿا۔ هي سانچو (۽ ان جي بنياد XHTML) عام طور استعمال نه ڪيو ويندو جڏهن {{tag|math}} ٽئگ يا ٻيو ڪو الڳ [[مدد:رياضي|رياضي مارڪ اپ]] استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ == استعمال == ڪڏهن ڪڏهن توهان سيرف فونٽ استعمال ڪرڻ چاهيو ٿا، خاص ڪري جڏهن هڪ اکر وارا ويريئبل جهڙوڪ "I" (وڏو آءِ) ۽ "l" (ننڍو ايل) ڏيکارڻا هجن، ڇو ته اهي هڪجهڙا لڳي سگهن ٿا۔ اهڙي حالت ۾ {{tlx|var serif}} سانچو {{tnull|var}} جي بدران استعمال ڪريو، جيئن: {{var serif|I}}, {{var serif|l}} === مثال === {{Markup HTML Rendered|<nowiki>{{var|username}}</nowiki>|<var>username</var>|{{var|username}}}} {{Markup | <nowiki><var>username</var></nowiki> | <var>username</var> | <nowiki>{{var|username}}</nowiki> | {{var|username}} | <nowiki>ڪمانڊ لائن ھن طرح ھجڻ گھرجي: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(جتي {{var|hostname}} آءِ پي پتو يا ... ھوندو)<br />جيڪڏھن صحيح ھجي ته {{key press|Enter}} دٻايو</nowiki> | ڪمانڊ لائن ھن طرح ھجڻ گھرجي: {{samp|%}} {{kbd|1=ssh {{var|hostname}}}}<br />(جتي {{var|hostname}} آءِ پي پتو يا ... ھوندو)<br />جيڪڏھن صحيح ھجي ته {{key press|Enter}} دٻايو | <nowiki>ھن مساوات ۾، {{var|x}}{{=}}1 ۽ {{var|y}}{{=}}120 وٺو ...</nowiki> | ھن مساوات ۾، {{var|x}}{{=}}1 ۽ {{var|y}}{{=}}120 وٺو ... | <nowiki>{{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}}</nowiki> | {{para|accessdate|{{var|todays_date}}}} }} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{Format TemplateData|<templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "ويريئبل", "type": "line", "required": true }, "class": { "type": "string" }, "id": { "label": "سڃاڻپ", "type": "string" }, "style": { "label": "CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "lang": { "label": "ٻولي ٽئگ", "example": "en-UK", "type": "line", "description": "IETF BCP 47 ٻولي ٽئگ", "suggestedvalues": [ "en-US", "en-UK", "es-419", "en", "es", "de", "zh" ] }, "title": { "label": "HTML عنوان (hover متن)", "type": "string" } }, "description": "متن کي HTML ويريئبل طور نشان لڳائي ٿو", "format": "inline" } </templatedata>}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|mvar}} جيڪو دليل کي اٽيلڪ ڪري رياضي طور ڏيکاري ٿو * {{tl|math}} جيڪو دليل کي رياضي طور فارميٽ ڪري ٿو * {{tl|bigmath}} جيڪو {{tl|math}} جهڙو آهي پر وڏو ڏيکاري ٿو {{Semantic markup templates|show}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:رياضياتي فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائيپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:معنوي مارڪ اپ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا HTML ٽئگ بدلائيندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> ppxxwfczgvauff5fdus0r1ckju8gopd 10 95909 375437 2026-05-02T17:22:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{| style="{{#if:{{{width|}}}|width:{{{width}}};}} margin-top:0;margin-left:{{{margin-left|{{{margin|0}}}}}}; border-width:medium; padding:0; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{title|}}} |{{!}}+ '''{{{title}}}'''}} {{#if:{{{noheaders|}}}{{{notitle|}}} | |! scope="col" style="width:33%;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col1headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col1|{{{t1|وڪي ٽيڪسٽ}}}}}} {{!!}}<!-- -->scope="col" style="width:33%;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col2headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{... 375437 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{| style="{{#if:{{{width|}}}|width:{{{width}}};}} margin-top:0;margin-left:{{{margin-left|{{{margin|0}}}}}}; border-width:medium; padding:0; {{{style|}}}" {{#if:{{{title|}}} |{{!}}+ '''{{{title}}}'''}} {{#if:{{{noheaders|}}}{{{notitle|}}} | |! scope="col" style="width:33%;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col1headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col1|{{{t1|وڪي ٽيڪسٽ}}}}}} {{!!}}<!-- -->scope="col" style="width:33%;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col2headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col2|{{{t2|ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل}}}}}} {{!!}}<!-- -->scope="col" style="width:33%;{{{colheaderstyle|}}}{{{col2headerstyle|}}}"{{!}} {{{col2|{{{t2|ڏيکارڻ جو نتيجو}}}}}} }}<!-- -->{{For loop||call=format item|pc1n=template|pc1v=Markup HTML Rendered/row|pc2n=col1style|pc2v={{{col1style|}}}|pc3n=col2style|pc3v={{{col2style|}}}|pc4n=c1style|pc4v={{{codestyle|{{{markupstyle|}}}}}}|pc5n=c2style|pc5v={{{outputstyle|}}}|pv=item |{{item|c1={{{1|}}}|c2={{{2|}}}|c3={{{3|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{4|}}}|c2={{{5|}}}|c3={{{6|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{7|}}}|c2={{{8|}}}|c3={{{9|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{10|}}}|c2={{{11|}}}|c3={{{12|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{13|}}}|c2={{{14|}}}|c3={{{15|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{16|}}}|c2={{{17|}}}|c3={{{18|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{19|}}}|c2={{{20|}}}|c3={{{21|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{22|}}}|c2={{{23|}}}|c3={{{24|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{25|}}}|c2={{{26|}}}|c3={{{27|}}}}} |{{item|c1={{{28|}}}|c2={{{29|}}}|c3={{{30|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{31|}}}|c2={{{32|}}}|c3={{{33|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{34|}}}|c2={{{35|}}}|c3={{{36|}}}}}|{{item|c1={{{37|}}}|c2={{{38|}}}|c3={{{39|}}}}}}} |- |style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"| |style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"| |style="border-width:1px;border-style: none none none;border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:top;"| |}<templatestyles src="Markup/styles.css" /></includeonly><noinclude> {{دستاويز}} </noinclude> nsxqaltn9v8w917dsrrr8hhlfgkexip 10 95910 375438 2026-05-02T17:24:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مارڪ اپ، ان مان پيدا ٿيندڙ ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل، ۽ آخري ڏيکاريل نتيجي کي پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup HTML Rende... 375438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مارڪ اپ، ان مان پيدا ٿيندڙ ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل، ۽ آخري ڏيکاريل نتيجي کي پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup HTML Rendered}} جا دليل ٽن ٽن جي سيٽن ۾ ڏنا وڃن۔ هر سيٽ ۾: * پهريون: وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ({{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ ۾ بند ٿيل) * ٻيو: ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل (به {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ ۾ بند ٿيل) * ٽيون: نتيجو (عام طور پهرئين جهڙو، پر بغير {{xtag|nowiki}}) هي سانچو وڌ ۾ وڌ 39 نامعلوم پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو، يعني وڌ ۾ وڌ 13 قطارون۔ هي: <pre> {{Markup HTML Rendered|&lt;nowiki>'''بولڊ متن'''&lt;/nowiki>|&lt;nowiki><b>بولڊ متن</b>&lt;/nowiki>|'''بولڊ متن'''}} </pre> هي پيدا ڪري ٿو: {{Markup HTML Rendered|<nowiki>'''بولڊ متن'''</nowiki>|<nowiki><b>بولڊ متن</b></nowiki>|'''بولڊ متن'''}} گهڻين حالتن ۾ ٻنهي ڪالمن جو مارڪ اپ ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر ڪڏهن مختلف به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ وڌيڪ پيچيده استعمال لاءِ ڏسو [[سانچو:Markup/doc]]۔ == مثال == === گهڻيون قطارون === {{Markup HTML Rendered |'''بولڊ متن'''|<b>بولڊ متن</b>|'''بولڊ متن''' |''اٽيلڪ متن''|<i>اٽيلڪ متن</i>|''اٽيلڪ متن'' |[[اندروني ڳنڍ]]|<nowiki><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_link">اندروني ڳنڍ</a></nowiki>|[[اندروني ڳنڍ]] }} === ڪسٽم عنوان ۽ ڪالمن سان === {{Markup HTML Rendered | title=وڪيپيڊيا ۾ لومڙ ۽ ڪتن بابت ڪيئن لکجي |t1=هن طرح وڪي ٽيڪسٽ لکو|t2=ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل مارڪ اپ|t3=۽ هي مضمون ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو | ڪجهه '''بولڊ''' متن | ڪجهه <b>بولڊ</b> متن | ڪجهه '''بولڊ''' متن }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{Template link|Markup}} ٻه ڪالمن وارو ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": " ", "paramOrder": [ "margin-left", "width", "style", "noheaders", "title", "colheaderstyle", "col1headerstyle", "col1", "col2headerstyle", "col2", "col3headerstyle", "col3", "padding", "col1style", "col2style", "col3style", "codestyle", "outputstyle", "1", "2", "3", "37", "38", "39" ], "params": { "1": { "description": "قطار 1: وڪي ٽيڪسٽ (پهريون ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "2": { "description": "قطار 1: ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل (ٻيو ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "قطار 1: ڏيکاريل نتيجو (ٽيون ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "37": { "description": "آخري قطار جو پهريون ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "38": { "description": "آخري قطار جو ٻيو ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "39": { "description": "آخري قطار جو ٽيون ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "width": { "description": "ٽيبل جي ڪل ويڪر", "type": "string", "default": "auto" }, "margin-left": { "description": "کاٻي پاسي مارجن", "type": "string", "default": "0" }, "style": { "description": "ٽيبل لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "title": { "description": "ٽيبل جو عنوان", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "noheaders": { "description": "هيڊر لڪائڻ لاءِ", "type": "string" }, "col1": { "description": "پهريون ڪالم (وڪي ٽيڪسٽ)", "type": "string", "default": "\"مارڪ اپ\"" }, "col2": { "description": "ٻيو ڪالم (ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل)", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکارڻ جو نتيجو\"" }, "col3": { "description": "ٽيون ڪالم (نتيجو)", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکارڻ جو نتيجو\"" }, "codestyle": { "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string", "aliases": ["markupstyle"], "label": "مارڪ اپ انداز" }, "outputstyle": { "description": "نتيجي واري ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string", "label": "نتيجو انداز" }, "col1headerstyle": { "description": "پهريون ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col2headerstyle": { "description": "ٻيو ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col3headerstyle": { "description": "ٽيون ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "colheaderstyle": { "description": "سڀني ڪالمن جو هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col1style": { "label": "ڪالم 1 انداز", "description": "وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "col2style": { "label": "ڪالم 2 انداز", "description": "ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "col3style": { "label": "ڪالم 3 انداز", "description": "نتيجو ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "padding": { "description": "سيل اندر جڳهه", "type": "string", "default": "5px" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو ٽيسٽ مثال]] }}</includeonly> 9pn194867l83dtah3ppdcgaenhat3nq 375439 375438 2026-05-02T17:24:57Z Intisar Ali 8681 375439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھن صفحي جي آخر ۾ شامل ڪريو --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مارڪ اپ، ان مان پيدا ٿيندڙ ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل، ۽ آخري ڏيکاريل نتيجي کي پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup HTML Rendered}} جا دليل ٽن ٽن جي سيٽن ۾ ڏنا وڃن۔ هر سيٽ ۾: * پهريون: وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ({{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ ۾ بند ٿيل) * ٻيو: ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل (به {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ ۾ بند ٿيل) * ٽيون: نتيجو (عام طور پهرئين جهڙو، پر بغير {{xtag|nowiki}}) هي سانچو وڌ ۾ وڌ 39 نامعلوم پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو، يعني وڌ ۾ وڌ 13 قطارون۔ هي: <pre> {{Markup HTML Rendered|&lt;nowiki>'''بولڊ متن'''&lt;/nowiki>|&lt;nowiki><b>بولڊ متن</b>&lt;/nowiki>|'''بولڊ متن'''}} </pre> هي پيدا ڪري ٿو: {{Markup HTML Rendered|<nowiki>'''بولڊ متن'''</nowiki>|<nowiki><b>بولڊ متن</b></nowiki>|'''بولڊ متن'''}} گهڻين حالتن ۾ ٻنهي ڪالمن جو مارڪ اپ ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر ڪڏهن مختلف به ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ وڌيڪ پيچيده استعمال لاءِ ڏسو [[سانچو:Markup/doc]]۔ == مثال == === گهڻيون قطارون === {{Markup HTML Rendered |'''بولڊ متن'''|<b>بولڊ متن</b>|'''بولڊ متن''' |''اٽيلڪ متن''|<i>اٽيلڪ متن</i>|''اٽيلڪ متن'' |[[اندروني ڳنڍ]]|<nowiki><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_link">اندروني ڳنڍ</a></nowiki>|[[اندروني ڳنڍ]] }} === ڪسٽم عنوان ۽ ڪالمن سان === {{Markup HTML Rendered | title=وڪيپيڊيا ۾ لومڙ ۽ ڪتن بابت ڪيئن لکجي |t1=هن طرح وڪي ٽيڪسٽ لکو|t2=ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل مارڪ اپ|t3=۽ هي مضمون ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو | ڪجهه '''بولڊ''' متن | ڪجهه <b>بولڊ</b> متن | ڪجهه '''بولڊ''' متن }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{Template link|Markup}} ٻه ڪالمن وارو ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": " ", "paramOrder": [ "margin-left", "width", "style", "noheaders", "title", "colheaderstyle", "col1headerstyle", "col1", "col2headerstyle", "col2", "col3headerstyle", "col3", "padding", "col1style", "col2style", "col3style", "codestyle", "outputstyle", "1", "2", "3", "37", "38", "39" ], "params": { "1": { "description": "قطار 1: وڪي ٽيڪسٽ (پهريون ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "2": { "description": "قطار 1: ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل (ٻيو ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "قطار 1: ڏيکاريل نتيجو (ٽيون ڪالم)", "type": "string" }, "37": { "description": "آخري قطار جو پهريون ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "38": { "description": "آخري قطار جو ٻيو ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "39": { "description": "آخري قطار جو ٽيون ڪالم", "type": "string" }, "width": { "description": "ٽيبل جي ڪل ويڪر", "type": "string", "default": "auto" }, "margin-left": { "description": "کاٻي پاسي مارجن", "type": "string", "default": "0" }, "style": { "description": "ٽيبل لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "title": { "description": "ٽيبل جو عنوان", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "noheaders": { "description": "هيڊر لڪائڻ لاءِ", "type": "string" }, "col1": { "description": "پهريون ڪالم (وڪي ٽيڪسٽ)", "type": "string", "default": "\"مارڪ اپ\"" }, "col2": { "description": "ٻيو ڪالم (ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل)", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکارڻ جو نتيجو\"" }, "col3": { "description": "ٽيون ڪالم (نتيجو)", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکارڻ جو نتيجو\"" }, "codestyle": { "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string", "aliases": ["markupstyle"], "label": "مارڪ اپ انداز" }, "outputstyle": { "description": "نتيجي واري ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string", "label": "نتيجو انداز" }, "col1headerstyle": { "description": "پهريون ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col2headerstyle": { "description": "ٻيو ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col3headerstyle": { "description": "ٽيون ڪالم هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "colheaderstyle": { "description": "سڀني ڪالمن جو هيڊر انداز", "type": "string" }, "col1style": { "label": "ڪالم 1 انداز", "description": "وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "col2style": { "label": "ڪالم 2 انداز", "description": "ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "col3style": { "label": "ڪالم 3 انداز", "description": "نتيجو ڪالم لاءِ CSS انداز", "type": "string" }, "padding": { "description": "سيل اندر جڳهه", "type": "string", "default": "5px" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو ٽيسٽ مثال]] }}</includeonly> py28hzz7xaevibmbg32pdlly0vteka9 10 95911 375440 2026-05-02T17:27:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|format}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 375440 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|format}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 1megg2u367ueqv830p62lg0r5u64yqk 10 95912 375441 2026-05-02T17:29:34Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Item}} هي سانچو ڏنل [[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]] کي ڪنهن مخصوص سانچي جي مدد سان تبديل (ٽرانسفارم) ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == {{tlx|Format item|item{{=}}''[[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]]''|template{{=}}''تبديلي وارو سانچو''|...}} <code>''تبديلي وارو سانچو''</code> کي انهن ئي پيراميٽرن سان سڏيو ويندو آهي، جن سان آ... 375441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Item}} هي سانچو ڏنل [[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]] کي ڪنهن مخصوص سانچي جي مدد سان تبديل (ٽرانسفارم) ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == {{tlx|Format item|item{{=}}''[[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]]''|template{{=}}''تبديلي وارو سانچو''|...}} <code>''تبديلي وارو سانچو''</code> کي انهن ئي پيراميٽرن سان سڏيو ويندو آهي، جن سان آئٽم ٺاهيو ويو آهي، گڏوگڏ اهي اضافي پيراميٽر جيڪي {{tl|Format item}} کي ڏنا وڃن ٿا۔ آئٽم جو مواد اضافي پيراميٽرن تي ترجيح رکي ٿو، سواءِ ان حالت جي جڏهن پيراميٽر جي نالي کان اڳ {{nowrap|<code>important </code>}} لڳايو وڃي۔ جيڪڏهن پيراميٽر جو نالو {{tl|Format item}} جي پنهنجي پيراميٽرن سان ٽڪرائجي، ته ان کان اڳ {{nowrap|<code>param </code>}} لڳايو وڃي۔ {{nowrap|<code>param </code>}} ۽ {{nowrap|<code>important </code>}} کي گڏ استعمال ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ناهي۔ اهو پڻ ممڪن آهي ته [[سانچو:Item#هڪ سانچي سان ڪيترن آئٽمن کي فارميٽ ڪريو|گهڻن آئٽمن کي هڪ ئي وقت تبديل ڪيو وڃي]]، پر هن سانچي سان نه۔ == مثال == {{Automarkup |1={{((}}Format item {{!}} item = {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{))}} {{!}} template = Show pet {{))}} |2={{((}}Format item {{!}} item = {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{))}} {{!}} template = Show pet {{!}} legs = 4 {{))}} |3={{((}}Format item {{!}} item = {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{))}} {{!}} template = Show pet {{!}} param legs = 4 {{))}} |4={{((}}Format item {{!}} item = {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{))}} {{!}} template = Show pet {{!}} animal = dog {{))}} |5={{((}}Format item {{!}} item = {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{))}} {{!}} template = Show pet {{!}} important animal = dog {{))}} }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Component}} * {{tl|Item}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> sc4us0q5rv1c5imomiwubtgsdba1qbb 828 95913 375442 2026-05-02T17:31:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local p = {} local function escape(str) return str:gsub("[|\\]", function (c) return string.format("\\%03d", c:byte()) end) end local function unescape(str) return str:gsub("\\(%d%d%d)", function (d) return string.char(d) end) end -- Implements [[Template:Item]] function p.pack(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local result = '' for key, value in pairs(parent.args) do result = result .. "|" .. escape(tostring(key)) .. "|" .. escape(value) end return resu... 375442 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function escape(str) return str:gsub("[|\\]", function (c) return string.format("\\%03d", c:byte()) end) end local function unescape(str) return str:gsub("\\(%d%d%d)", function (d) return string.char(d) end) end -- Implements [[Template:Item]] function p.pack(frame) local parent = frame:getParent() local result = '' for key, value in pairs(parent.args) do result = result .. "|" .. escape(tostring(key)) .. "|" .. escape(value) end return result .. "|"; end local function unpack(str) local result = { } for key, value in str:gfind("|([^|]*)|([^|]*)") do result[unescape(key)] = unescape(value) end return result end -- Implements [[Template:Component]] function p.component(frame) return unpack(frame.args[1])[frame.args[2]] end local function getItems(frame) return frame:getParent().args end local function invert(tbl) local result = { } for key, value in pairs(tbl) do result[value] = key end return result end -- Add args into item as appropriate (see [[Template:Format item]]) local function addArgs( item, -- unpacked item to modify args, -- arguments for adding into item ignore, -- pass in invert{keys to ignore} shift -- for numbered arguments, args[key+shift] is assigned to item[key] -- returns: item ) for key, value in pairs(args) do if not ignore[key] then local _, _, paramKey = string.find(key, "^param (.*)") local _, _, importantKey = string.find(key, "^important (.*)") paramKey = paramKey or importantKey or key if shift and type(paramKey) == "number" then paramKey = paramKey - shift if paramKey < 1 then paramKey = nil end end if paramKey and (importantKey or item[paramKey] == nil) then item[paramKey] = value end end end return item end -- Implements [[Template:Format item]] function p.format(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local ignore = invert{ "template", "item" } local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(args.item), args, ignore) return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end -- See [[Template:Item#Format each item using a template]] function p.each(frame) local args = frame.args local items = getItems(frame) local separator = args[1] or "" local prepend = args[2] or "" local append = args[3] or "" local ignore = invert{ "template" } local shift = 3 local result = "" for i, item in ipairs(items) do local templateArgs = addArgs(unpack(item), args, ignore, shift) result = result .. prepend .. frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } .. append if items[i + 1] then result = result .. separator end end return result end -- See [[Template:Item#Gather given parameter from all items]] function p.gather(frame) local args = frame.args local items = getItems(frame) local parameter = args.parameter or "1" local templateArgs = { } for i, item in ipairs(items) do templateArgs[i] = unpack(item)[parameter] end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = args.template, args = templateArgs } end return p 8a56kjxfu3plv66z6z732hkase6suqc 828 95914 375443 2026-05-02T17:33:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Improve documentation|date=فيبروري 2024}} هي ماڊيول سانچا {{tl|Item}}، {{tl|Component}} ۽ {{tl|Format item}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- زمرا هن لائين کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز صفحا]] </noinclude> 375443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Improve documentation|date=فيبروري 2024}} هي ماڊيول سانچا {{tl|Item}}، {{tl|Component}} ۽ {{tl|Format item}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- زمرا هن لائين کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويز صفحا]] </noinclude> 375ouusvueb3dqybhy0szkt6pkbj414 10 95915 375444 2026-05-02T17:34:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|pack}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 375444 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Item|pack}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 4yxtdqre2hvr0k40m6udmgyrmmjsq51 10 95916 375445 2026-05-02T17:35:38Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Item}} هي سانچو منظم ڊيٽا کي هڪ ننڍڙي آئٽم ۾ گڏ ڪري ٿو، جنهن کي ڪنهن ٻئي سانچي ڏانهن پيراميٽر طور موڪلي سگهجي ٿو۔ هن طريقي سان هڪ ئي سانچي ڏانهن ڪيترائي منظم آئٽم موڪلي سگهجن ٿا، ۽ اهو سانچو انهن تي ورجائي ڪري ڊيٽا ڪڍي سگهي ٿو۔ == استعمال == هي منظم... 375445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|Module:Item}} هي سانچو منظم ڊيٽا کي هڪ ننڍڙي آئٽم ۾ گڏ ڪري ٿو، جنهن کي ڪنهن ٻئي سانچي ڏانهن پيراميٽر طور موڪلي سگهجي ٿو۔ هن طريقي سان هڪ ئي سانچي ڏانهن ڪيترائي منظم آئٽم موڪلي سگهجن ٿا، ۽ اهو سانچو انهن تي ورجائي ڪري ڊيٽا ڪڍي سگهي ٿو۔ == استعمال == هي منظم ڊيٽا آئٽم انهن سڀني پيراميٽرن تي مشتمل هوندو آهي (نمبر وارا ۽ نالا وارا) جيڪي {{tl|Item}} کي ڏنا وڃن ٿا۔ مثال طور: <code>{{tlp|Item|Alice|Bob|best{{=}}Eve}}</code> هڪ آئٽم ٺاهيندو جنهن ۾ هي جزا هوندا: {{code|1{{=}}Alice}}، {{code|2{{=}}Bob}}، {{code|best{{=}}Eve}}۔ گهڻا آئٽم هيئن ڪنهن مثال سانچي {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} ڏانهن موڪليا ويندا: {{Automarkup|1= {{((}}User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets{{!}}owner=Bob {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tom{{!}}animal=cat{{!}}legs=4{{))}} {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Jerry{{!}}animal=mouse{{!}}legs=4{{))}} {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}name=Tweety{{!}}animal=bird{{!}}legs=2{{))}} {{))}} }} ---- سڏيل سانچي {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} جو ڪوڊ: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> اهي {{{owner}}} جا پالتو جانور آهن: {{#invoke:Item|each|template=Show pet| |*}} انهن وٽ ڪل {{#invoke:Item|gather|parameter=legs|template=Sum}} ٽنگون آهن۔ </syntaxhighlight> :*پهريون استعمال ٿيل سانچو {{tl|Show pet}}: ::<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{{name}}} هڪ {{{animal}}} آهي{{#if:{{{legs|}}}|&#32;جنهن وٽ {{{legs}}} ٽنگون آهن}}۔ </syntaxhighlight> :*ٻيو استعمال ٿيل سانچو {{tl|Sum}}: ::<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{#invoke:math|sum}} </syntaxhighlight> :*''وڌيڪ وضاحت لاءِ ڏسو [[Module:Item|#invoke:item]]، [[Module:Math|#invoke:math]] ۽ هيٺيون سيڪشن.'' == وصول ڪندڙ سانچن لاءِ موجود ڍانچا == === آئٽم مان جزو حاصل ڪرڻ === ڏسو [[سانچو:Component]]۔ === ڪنهن سانچي سان آئٽم کي فارميٽ ڪرڻ === ڏسو [[سانچو:Format item]]۔ === هر آئٽم کي سانچي سان فارميٽ ڪرڻ === وصول ڪندڙ سانچي ۾ استعمال ڪريو: {{((}}#invoke:Item|each|template=''تبديلي وارو سانچو''|''جدا ڪندڙ''|''اڳيون حصو''|''پويون حصو''|...}} هي سڀ آئٽم هڪ ڏنل سانچي سان تبديل ڪندو۔ <code>''تبديلي وارو سانچو''</code> هر آئٽم لاءِ سڏيو ويندو، ان ئي پيراميٽرن سان جيڪي آئٽم ٺاهڻ وقت ڏنا ويا هئا، ۽ اضافي پيراميٽر جيڪي {{code|#invoke}} کي ڏنا وڃن ٿا (تفصيل لاءِ ڏسو {{tl|Format item}})۔ نتيجن کي <code>''جدا ڪندڙ''</code> سان ڌار ڪيو ويندو ۽ <code>''اڳيون حصو''</code> ۽ <code>''پويون حصو''</code> سان گهيرو ويندو (انهن ٽنهي اختياري پيراميٽرن مان خالي جڳهه ختم نه ٿيندي)۔ مثال وارو سانچو {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} هيٺين ڪوڊ سان پالتو جانورن جي فهرست ڏيکاري ٿو (هتي نئين لائين کي جدا ڪندڙ ۽ {{code|*}} کي اڳيون حصو طور استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي): {{((}}#invoke:Item|each|template=[[سانچو:Show pet|Show pet]]| |*}} === سڀني آئٽمن مان هڪ مخصوص پيراميٽر گڏ ڪرڻ === وصول ڪندڙ سانچي ۾ استعمال ڪريو: <code>{{((}}#invoke:Item|gather|parameter=''پيراميٽر نالو''|template=''تبديلي وارو سانچو''}}</code> هي سڀني آئٽمن مان ڏنل پيراميٽر گڏ ڪندو۔ <code>''تبديلي وارو سانچو''</code> صرف هڪ ڀيرو سڏيو ويندو، ۽ گڏ ڪيل پيراميٽر (هر آئٽم مان هڪ) ان ڏانهن موڪليا ويندا۔ مثال ۾ {{tlu|User:Petr Matas/sandbox/Pets}} ڪل ٽنگن جو انگ هيئن ڳڻپ ڪري ٿو: <code>{{((}}#invoke:Item|gather|parameter=legs|template=[[سانچو:Sum|Sum]]}}</code>۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|For loop}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:فهرست فارميٽنگ ۽ فنڪشن سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 4hzmjk7b13jxpm25170qu7mnbcat7h7 10 95917 375446 2026-05-02T17:40:28Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|35,000}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا صفحي جي ھيٺان شامل ڪريو، ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا وڪي ڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{lua|ماڊيول:For loop}} هي سانچو [[for loop]] يا [[foreach loop]] لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ هي سانچو هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان ڄاڻايل سانچي (يعني "سڏايل سانچو") کي ڪيت... 375446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|35,000}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا صفحي جي ھيٺان شامل ڪريو، ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا وڪي ڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{lua|ماڊيول:For loop}} هي سانچو [[for loop]] يا [[foreach loop]] لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ هي سانچو هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان ڄاڻايل سانچي (يعني "سڏايل سانچو") کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا سڏي ٿو: يا ته 1) ورجائيندڙ عددن جي تسلسل لاءِ يا 2) واضح فهرست لاءِ۔ هر قدر کي ساڳئي مخصوص پيراميٽر (يعني "متغير پيراميٽر") ۾ پاس ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، اڳياڙي (prefix) ۽ پڇاڙي (postfix) پڻ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ متغير پيراميٽر کان علاوه، ٻيا پيراميٽر ("مستقل پيراميٽر") به مقرر ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جيڪي هر ورجاءَ ۾ ساڳيا رهندا۔ == استعمال == {| class="wikitable" ! گروپ !! پيراميٽر !! مطلب !! ڊفالٽ قدر |- ! scope=row rowspan=3 | لازمي | '''1 (اڻنالو)''' || الڳ ڪندڙ (separator) جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو (خالي به ٿي سگهي ٿو؛ خالي جڳهه برقرار رهندي) || |- | '''call''' || سڏايل سانچو || |- | '''pv''' || متغير پيراميٽر جو نالو (يا نمبر) || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=3 | اختيار 1:<br/>ورجائيندڙ تسلسل | '''start''' || شروعاتي عدد || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- | '''stop''' || وڌ ۾ وڌ عدد || |- | '''by''' || هر قدم ۾ واڌ || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=2 | اختيار 2:<br/>واضح قدر | '''(اڻنالا پيراميٽر)''' || واضح قدر، جدا جدا ڏنا وڃن || |- | '''skipBlanks''' || "true" ڪرڻ سان خالي قدر ڇڏيا ويندا || style="text-align: center" | false |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=5 | ٻيا اختياري<br/>پيراميٽر | '''pc[N]n''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جو نالو || |- | '''pc[N]v''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جي قيمت || |- | '''prefix''' || اڳياڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان اڳ لڳندي || |- | '''postfix''' || پڇاڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان پوءِ لڳندي || |- | '''substall''' || "false" ڪرڻ سان سڏايل سانچو سبسٽ نه ٿيندو || style="text-align: center" | true |} صرف هڪ اختيار (1 يا 2) استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ٻنهي کي گڏ نه۔ پهريون اڻنالو پيراميٽر separator آهي، جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، آخري ڪال کان پوءِ نه۔ === احتياط === * separator کي "1=" سان پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، پر پوءِ ان ۾ شروعاتي يا آخري خالي جڳهه نه هوندي۔ * جيڪڏهن ڪنهن پيراميٽر ۾ "=" هجي، ته {{tlx|{{=}}}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر استعمال ڪرڻ وقت ياد رکو ته پهريون قدر پيراميٽر 2 آهي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر ڇڏڻ نه گهرجن، ٻي صورت ۾ لوپ بند ٿي ويندو۔ === سبسٽيٽيوشن === هي Lua تي ٻڌل سانچو [[وپ:SUBST|سبسٽيٽيوشن]] کي سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن {{para|substall|no}} نه ڏنو وڃي، ته مڪمل سبسٽ ٿيندو۔ جيڪڏهن ڏنو وڃي ته فقط سڏايل سانچن جي فهرست ٺهندي۔ مثال: {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call{{=}}1x}} → <code><nowiki>01sep 02sep 03sep 04sep 05sep 06sep 07</nowiki></code> == مثال == {| class="wikitable" ! صورت ! ڪوڊ ! وضاحت ! نتيجو |- ! scope=row | Iterator | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|& |call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10 |stop=52 |by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }}</syntaxhighlight> | spanbox سانچو مختلف قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1|pc1v = A |pc2n = background|pc2v = yellow}} |- ! scope=row | واضح قدر |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|, |call=2x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|...}}</syntaxhighlight> | 00 کان 99 تائين قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|, |call=2x|prefix=1|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09}} |} == نوٽس == هي سانچو هاڻي ٽئين نسخي ۾ آهي ۽ [[وپ:Lua|Lua]] استعمال ڪري ٿو (ماڊيول:For loop)۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[mw:Template:Fe]] * [[mw:Template:foreach]] * [[m:Template:tblb]] * {{tiw|for nowiki}} * {{tiw|item}} * {{tiw|loop}} * {{tiw|simple recursion}} * [[مدد:پيراميٽر ڊفالٽ]] * [[مدد:Array]] * [[mw:Extension:LoopFunctions]] * [[mw:Extension:Loops]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 2bl3ugtziob6nhaoewb6yfebyw4ai3f 375447 375446 2026-05-02T17:40:43Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|ھزارين}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا صفحي جي ھيٺان شامل ڪريو، ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا وڪي ڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{lua|ماڊيول:For loop}} هي سانچو [[for loop]] يا [[foreach loop]] لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ هي سانچو هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان ڄاڻايل سانچي (يعني "سڏايل سانچو") کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا سڏي ٿو: يا ته 1) ورجائيندڙ عددن جي تسلسل لاءِ يا 2) واضح فهرست لاءِ۔ هر قدر کي ساڳئي مخصوص پيراميٽر (يعني "متغير پيراميٽر") ۾ پاس ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، اڳياڙي (prefix) ۽ پڇاڙي (postfix) پڻ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ متغير پيراميٽر کان علاوه، ٻيا پيراميٽر ("مستقل پيراميٽر") به مقرر ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جيڪي هر ورجاءَ ۾ ساڳيا رهندا۔ == استعمال == {| class="wikitable" ! گروپ !! پيراميٽر !! مطلب !! ڊفالٽ قدر |- ! scope=row rowspan=3 | لازمي | '''1 (اڻنالو)''' || الڳ ڪندڙ (separator) جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو (خالي به ٿي سگهي ٿو؛ خالي جڳهه برقرار رهندي) || |- | '''call''' || سڏايل سانچو || |- | '''pv''' || متغير پيراميٽر جو نالو (يا نمبر) || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=3 | اختيار 1:<br/>ورجائيندڙ تسلسل | '''start''' || شروعاتي عدد || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- | '''stop''' || وڌ ۾ وڌ عدد || |- | '''by''' || هر قدم ۾ واڌ || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=2 | اختيار 2:<br/>واضح قدر | '''(اڻنالا پيراميٽر)''' || واضح قدر، جدا جدا ڏنا وڃن || |- | '''skipBlanks''' || "true" ڪرڻ سان خالي قدر ڇڏيا ويندا || style="text-align: center" | false |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=5 | ٻيا اختياري<br/>پيراميٽر | '''pc[N]n''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جو نالو || |- | '''pc[N]v''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جي قيمت || |- | '''prefix''' || اڳياڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان اڳ لڳندي || |- | '''postfix''' || پڇاڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان پوءِ لڳندي || |- | '''substall''' || "false" ڪرڻ سان سڏايل سانچو سبسٽ نه ٿيندو || style="text-align: center" | true |} صرف هڪ اختيار (1 يا 2) استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ٻنهي کي گڏ نه۔ پهريون اڻنالو پيراميٽر separator آهي، جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، آخري ڪال کان پوءِ نه۔ === احتياط === * separator کي "1=" سان پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، پر پوءِ ان ۾ شروعاتي يا آخري خالي جڳهه نه هوندي۔ * جيڪڏهن ڪنهن پيراميٽر ۾ "=" هجي، ته {{tlx|{{=}}}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر استعمال ڪرڻ وقت ياد رکو ته پهريون قدر پيراميٽر 2 آهي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر ڇڏڻ نه گهرجن، ٻي صورت ۾ لوپ بند ٿي ويندو۔ === سبسٽيٽيوشن === هي Lua تي ٻڌل سانچو [[وپ:SUBST|سبسٽيٽيوشن]] کي سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن {{para|substall|no}} نه ڏنو وڃي، ته مڪمل سبسٽ ٿيندو۔ جيڪڏهن ڏنو وڃي ته فقط سڏايل سانچن جي فهرست ٺهندي۔ مثال: {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call{{=}}1x}} → <code><nowiki>01sep 02sep 03sep 04sep 05sep 06sep 07</nowiki></code> == مثال == {| class="wikitable" ! صورت ! ڪوڊ ! وضاحت ! نتيجو |- ! scope=row | Iterator | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|& |call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10 |stop=52 |by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }}</syntaxhighlight> | spanbox سانچو مختلف قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1|pc1v = A |pc2n = background|pc2v = yellow}} |- ! scope=row | واضح قدر |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|, |call=2x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|...}}</syntaxhighlight> | 00 کان 99 تائين قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|, |call=2x|prefix=1|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09}} |} == نوٽس == هي سانچو هاڻي ٽئين نسخي ۾ آهي ۽ [[وپ:Lua|Lua]] استعمال ڪري ٿو (ماڊيول:For loop)۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[mw:Template:Fe]] * [[mw:Template:foreach]] * [[m:Template:tblb]] * {{tiw|for nowiki}} * {{tiw|item}} * {{tiw|loop}} * {{tiw|simple recursion}} * [[مدد:پيراميٽر ڊفالٽ]] * [[مدد:Array]] * [[mw:Extension:LoopFunctions]] * [[mw:Extension:Loops]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> g2nx2yl77slqv81svp9couhf8ufk95h 375454 375447 2026-05-02T17:54:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation }} {{high-use|ھزارين}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا صفحي جي ھيٺان شامل ڪريو، ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا وڪي ڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{lua|ماڊيول:For loop}} هي سانچو [[for loop]] يا [[foreach loop]] لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ هي سانچو هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان ڄاڻايل سانچي (يعني "سڏايل سانچو") کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا سڏي ٿو: يا ته 1) ورجائيندڙ عددن جي تسلسل لاءِ يا 2) واضح فهرست لاءِ۔ هر قدر کي ساڳئي مخصوص پيراميٽر (يعني "متغير پيراميٽر") ۾ پاس ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، اڳياڙي (prefix) ۽ پڇاڙي (postfix) پڻ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ متغير پيراميٽر کان علاوه، ٻيا پيراميٽر ("مستقل پيراميٽر") به مقرر ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جيڪي هر ورجاءَ ۾ ساڳيا رهندا۔ == استعمال == {| class="wikitable" ! گروپ !! پيراميٽر !! مطلب !! ڊفالٽ قدر |- ! scope=row rowspan=3 | لازمي | '''1 (اڻنالو)''' || الڳ ڪندڙ (separator) جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو (خالي به ٿي سگهي ٿو؛ خالي جڳهه برقرار رهندي) || |- | '''call''' || سڏايل سانچو || |- | '''pv''' || متغير پيراميٽر جو نالو (يا نمبر) || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=3 | اختيار 1:<br/>ورجائيندڙ تسلسل | '''start''' || شروعاتي عدد || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- | '''stop''' || وڌ ۾ وڌ عدد || |- | '''by''' || هر قدم ۾ واڌ || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=2 | اختيار 2:<br/>واضح قدر | '''(اڻنالا پيراميٽر)''' || واضح قدر، جدا جدا ڏنا وڃن || |- | '''skipBlanks''' || "true" ڪرڻ سان خالي قدر ڇڏيا ويندا || style="text-align: center" | false |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=5 | ٻيا اختياري<br/>پيراميٽر | '''pc[N]n''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جو نالو || |- | '''pc[N]v''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جي قيمت || |- | '''prefix''' || اڳياڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان اڳ لڳندي || |- | '''postfix''' || پڇاڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان پوءِ لڳندي || |- | '''substall''' || "false" ڪرڻ سان سڏايل سانچو سبسٽ نه ٿيندو || style="text-align: center" | true |} صرف هڪ اختيار (1 يا 2) استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ٻنهي کي گڏ نه۔ پهريون اڻنالو پيراميٽر separator آهي، جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، آخري ڪال کان پوءِ نه۔ === احتياط === * separator کي "1=" سان پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، پر پوءِ ان ۾ شروعاتي يا آخري خالي جڳهه نه هوندي۔ * جيڪڏهن ڪنهن پيراميٽر ۾ "=" هجي، ته {{tlx|{{=}}}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر استعمال ڪرڻ وقت ياد رکو ته پهريون قدر پيراميٽر 2 آهي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر ڇڏڻ نه گهرجن، ٻي صورت ۾ لوپ بند ٿي ويندو۔ === سبسٽيٽيوشن === هي Lua تي ٻڌل سانچو [[وپ:SUBST|سبسٽيٽيوشن]] کي سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن {{para|substall|no}} نه ڏنو وڃي، ته مڪمل سبسٽ ٿيندو۔ جيڪڏهن ڏنو وڃي ته فقط سڏايل سانچن جي فهرست ٺهندي۔ مثال: {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call{{=}}1x}} → <code><nowiki>01sep 02sep 03sep 04sep 05sep 06sep 07</nowiki></code> == مثال == {| class="wikitable" ! صورت ! ڪوڊ ! وضاحت ! نتيجو |- ! scope=row | Iterator | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|& |call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10 |stop=52 |by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }}</syntaxhighlight> | spanbox سانچو مختلف قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1|pc1v = A |pc2n = background|pc2v = yellow}} |- ! scope=row | واضح قدر |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|, |call=2x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|...}}</syntaxhighlight> | 00 کان 99 تائين قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|, |call=2x|prefix=1|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09}} |} == نوٽس == هي سانچو هاڻي ٽئين نسخي ۾ آهي ۽ [[وپ:Lua|Lua]] استعمال ڪري ٿو (ماڊيول:For loop)۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[mw:Template:Fe]] * [[mw:Template:foreach]] * [[m:Template:tblb]] * {{tiw|for nowiki}} * {{tiw|item}} * {{tiw|loop}} * {{tiw|simple recursion}} * [[مدد:پيراميٽر ڊفالٽ]] * [[مدد:Array]] * [[mw:Extension:LoopFunctions]] * [[mw:Extension:Loops]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> q40ocy34x99gxpfhjb3mjdkqwseyimt 375455 375454 2026-05-02T17:55:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{high-use|ھزارين}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا صفحي جي ھيٺان شامل ڪريو، ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا وڪي ڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> {{lua|ماڊيول:For loop}} هي سانچو [[for loop]] يا [[foreach loop]] لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ هي سانچو هڪ استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان ڄاڻايل سانچي (يعني "سڏايل سانچو") کي ڪيترائي ڀيرا سڏي ٿو: يا ته 1) ورجائيندڙ عددن جي تسلسل لاءِ يا 2) واضح فهرست لاءِ۔ هر قدر کي ساڳئي مخصوص پيراميٽر (يعني "متغير پيراميٽر") ۾ پاس ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ اختياري طور، اڳياڙي (prefix) ۽ پڇاڙي (postfix) پڻ شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿيون۔ متغير پيراميٽر کان علاوه، ٻيا پيراميٽر ("مستقل پيراميٽر") به مقرر ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جيڪي هر ورجاءَ ۾ ساڳيا رهندا۔ == استعمال == {| class="wikitable" ! گروپ !! پيراميٽر !! مطلب !! ڊفالٽ قدر |- ! scope=row rowspan=3 | لازمي | '''1 (اڻنالو)''' || الڳ ڪندڙ (separator) جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو (خالي به ٿي سگهي ٿو؛ خالي جڳهه برقرار رهندي) || |- | '''call''' || سڏايل سانچو || |- | '''pv''' || متغير پيراميٽر جو نالو (يا نمبر) || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=3 | اختيار 1:<br/>ورجائيندڙ تسلسل | '''start''' || شروعاتي عدد || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- | '''stop''' || وڌ ۾ وڌ عدد || |- | '''by''' || هر قدم ۾ واڌ || style="text-align: center" | 1 |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=2 | اختيار 2:<br/>واضح قدر | '''(اڻنالا پيراميٽر)''' || واضح قدر، جدا جدا ڏنا وڃن || |- | '''skipBlanks''' || "true" ڪرڻ سان خالي قدر ڇڏيا ويندا || style="text-align: center" | false |- style="border-top: 3px solid grey;" ! scope=row rowspan=5 | ٻيا اختياري<br/>پيراميٽر | '''pc[N]n''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جو نالو || |- | '''pc[N]v''' || N هين مستقل پيراميٽر جي قيمت || |- | '''prefix''' || اڳياڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان اڳ لڳندي || |- | '''postfix''' || پڇاڙي جيڪا هر قدر کان پوءِ لڳندي || |- | '''substall''' || "false" ڪرڻ سان سڏايل سانچو سبسٽ نه ٿيندو || style="text-align: center" | true |} صرف هڪ اختيار (1 يا 2) استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ٻنهي کي گڏ نه۔ پهريون اڻنالو پيراميٽر separator آهي، جيڪو هر ڪال جي وچ ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو، آخري ڪال کان پوءِ نه۔ === احتياط === * separator کي "1=" سان پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، پر پوءِ ان ۾ شروعاتي يا آخري خالي جڳهه نه هوندي۔ * جيڪڏهن ڪنهن پيراميٽر ۾ "=" هجي، ته {{tlx|{{=}}}} استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر استعمال ڪرڻ وقت ياد رکو ته پهريون قدر پيراميٽر 2 آهي۔ * نمبر وارا پيراميٽر ڇڏڻ نه گهرجن، ٻي صورت ۾ لوپ بند ٿي ويندو۔ === سبسٽيٽيوشن === هي Lua تي ٻڌل سانچو [[وپ:SUBST|سبسٽيٽيوشن]] کي سپورٽ ڪري ٿو۔ جيڪڏهن {{para|substall|no}} نه ڏنو وڃي، ته مڪمل سبسٽ ٿيندو۔ جيڪڏهن ڏنو وڃي ته فقط سڏايل سانچن جي فهرست ٺهندي۔ مثال: {{tlxs|for loop|sep |01|02|03|04|05|06|07|call{{=}}1x}} → <code><nowiki>01sep 02sep 03sep 04sep 05sep 06sep 07</nowiki></code> == مثال == {| class="wikitable" ! صورت ! ڪوڊ ! وضاحت ! نتيجو |- ! scope=row | Iterator | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|& |call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10 |stop=52 |by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1 |pc1v = A |pc2n = background |pc2v = yellow }}</syntaxhighlight> | spanbox سانچو مختلف قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|&|call = spanbox |pv = font size |start=10|stop=52|by=8 |postfix = px |pc1n = 1|pc1v = A |pc2n = background|pc2v = yellow}} |- ! scope=row | واضح قدر |<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{for loop|, |call=2x |prefix=1 |00|01|02|03|...}}</syntaxhighlight> | 00 کان 99 تائين قدرن سان سڏيو وڃي ٿو۔ |{{for loop|, |call=2x|prefix=1|00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07|08|09}} |} == نوٽس == هي سانچو هاڻي ٽئين نسخي ۾ آهي ۽ [[وپ:Lua|Lua]] استعمال ڪري ٿو (ماڊيول:For loop)۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[mw:Template:Fe]] * [[mw:Template:foreach]] * [[m:Template:tblb]] * {{tiw|for nowiki}} * {{tiw|item}} * {{tiw|loop}} * {{tiw|simple recursion}} * [[مدد:پيراميٽر ڊفالٽ]] * [[مدد:Array]] * [[mw:Extension:LoopFunctions]] * [[mw:Extension:Loops]] <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> g2nx2yl77slqv81svp9couhf8ufk95h 828 95918 375449 2026-05-02T17:44:36Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{module rating|release}} {{High-use|ھزارين}} This module implements {{lt|For loop}}. Please see the template page for documentation.<noinclude> [[زمرو:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> 375449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|release}} {{High-use|ھزارين}} This module implements {{lt|For loop}}. Please see the template page for documentation.<noinclude> [[زمرو:Module documentation pages]] </noinclude> aqda05eg6m31mv393anmqmtmj1bw80d 828 95920 375453 2026-05-02T17:52:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{module rating|release}} {{High-use|ھزارين}} هي ماڊيول {{lt|For loop}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ مهرباني ڪري تفصيل لاءِ سانچي واري صفحي کي ڏسو۔ <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 375453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|release}} {{High-use|ھزارين}} هي ماڊيول {{lt|For loop}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ مهرباني ڪري تفصيل لاءِ سانچي واري صفحي کي ڏسو۔ <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> kide30holouodx0wkpqurt6c7vr8c1i 828 95921 375456 2026-05-02T17:57:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.templatemain(frame) return p.main(frame:newChild{title = "Template:For_loop"}) end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "... 375456 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{for loop}}. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.templatemain(frame) return p.main(frame:newChild{title = "Template:For_loop"}) end function p.main(frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false }) return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local template = args['call'] or 'void' local calltemplates = yesno(args.substall or "", true) or not mw.isSubsting() local variableParam = args.pv variableParam = tonumber(variableParam) or variableParam or 1 -- fix for positional parameters local variableValPrefix = args.prefix or '' local variableValPostfix = args.postfix or '' local sep = args[1] or '' local constantArgs = p.getConstants(args) local variableVals = p.getVariableVals(args) local result = '' local addSeparator = false; for _, v in ipairs(variableVals) do v = mw.text.trim(v) if #v > 0 or not yesno(args.skipBlanks) then if addSeparator then result = result .. sep end addSeparator = true; local targs = constantArgs targs[variableParam] = variableValPrefix .. v .. variableValPostfix if calltemplates then local output = p.callTemplate(template, targs) if #mw.text.trim(output) == 0 then addSeparator = false end result = result .. output else local makeTemplate = require('Module:Template invocation').invocation result = result .. makeTemplate(template, targs) end end end return result end function p.getConstants(args) local constantArgNums = p.getArgNums(args, 'pc', 'n') local constantArgs = {} for _, num in ipairs(constantArgNums) do local keyArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'n' local valArg = 'pc' .. tostring(num) .. 'v' local key = args[keyArg] key = tonumber(key) or key local value = args[valArg] constantArgs[key] = value end return constantArgs end function p.getVariableVals(args) local variableVals = {} if args.start or args.stop or args.by then if args[2] then error("Both start/stop/by and numbered parameters specified") end local start = tonumber(args.start or 1) local stop = tonumber(args.stop or 1) local by = tonumber(args.by or 1) for i = start, stop, by do variableVals [#variableVals + 1] = i end else for i, v in ipairs(args) do if i ~= 1 then variableVals[i - 1] = v end end end return variableVals end function p.getArgNums(args, prefix, suffix) -- Returns a table containing the numbers of the arguments that exist -- for the specified prefix and suffix. local nums = {} local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' for k, _ in pairs(args) do local num = tostring(k):match(pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end function p.callTemplate(template, targs) return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = template, args = targs} end return p 3vczdtsoi79wslpamhz4wcf4ti3y68c 10 95922 375457 2026-05-02T17:59:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <noinclude>{| style="border-width:medium;"</noinclude><includeonly>{{#if:{{{c1|value}}}|&#32; {{!-}} {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa; border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:{{{padding|5px}}}; vertical-align:top; {{{col1style|}}}"{{!}} <!-- --><div class="template-markup-wrapper">{{#tag:pre |{{{c1|[markup]}}}|style="{{{c1style|}}}"|class="template-markup"}}</div> {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa; border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:{{{padding|5px}}}; vertical-align:top; {{{... 375457 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| style="border-width:medium;"</noinclude><includeonly>{{#if:{{{c1|value}}}|&#32; {{!-}} {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa; border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:{{{padding|5px}}}; vertical-align:top; {{{col1style|}}}"{{!}} <!-- --><div class="template-markup-wrapper">{{#tag:pre |{{{c1|[markup]}}}|style="{{{c1style|}}}"|class="template-markup"}}</div> {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa; border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:{{{padding|5px}}}; vertical-align:top; {{{col2style|}}}"{{!}} <!-- --><div class="template-markup-wrapper">{{#tag:pre |{{{c2|[markup]}}}|style="{{{c2style|}}}"|class="template-markup"}}</div> {{!}}style{{=}}"background:#f8f9fa; border:1px solid #eaecf0; padding:{{{padding|5px}}}; vertical-align:top; {{{col3style|}}}"{{!}} <!-- --><div style="{{{c3style|}}}" class="template-markup-wrapper"> {{{c3|[''rendering'']}}} </div> }}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude> |- |style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid none none none; border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:text-top;"| |style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid none none none; border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:text-top;"| |style="border-width:1px; border-style:solid none none none; border-color:#ddd; padding:5px; vertical-align:text-top;"| |- |}{{Documentation}}</noinclude> n4i6ogzrp34d0u5rl88sxlglzsm558b 10 95923 375458 2026-05-02T18:03:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{#invoke:Item|component|{{{1}}}|2={{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 375458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Item|component|{{{1}}}|2={{{2}}}}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 70n24e14hlxbm9w4t5v573m6anrzr34 10 95924 375459 2026-05-02T18:04:24Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Item}} هي سانچو ڏنل [[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]] مان ڪو مخصوص جزو (پيراميٽر) ڪڍي ٿو۔ == استعمال == {{((}}Component|''[[سانچو:Item|Item]]''|''ParameterName''}} ''نوٽ:'' جيڪڏهن توهان کي وڏي آئٽم مان ڪيترائي جزا ڪڍڻا هجن، ته {{tl|Format item}} استعمال ڪريو بدران ڪيترن {{tl|Component}} ڪالن جي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠... 375459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Item}} هي سانچو ڏنل [[سانچو:Item|آئٽم]] مان ڪو مخصوص جزو (پيراميٽر) ڪڍي ٿو۔ == استعمال == {{((}}Component|''[[سانچو:Item|Item]]''|''ParameterName''}} ''نوٽ:'' جيڪڏهن توهان کي وڏي آئٽم مان ڪيترائي جزا ڪڍڻا هجن، ته {{tl|Format item}} استعمال ڪريو بدران ڪيترن {{tl|Component}} ڪالن جي، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ هر {{tl|Component}} ڪال ۾ پوري آئٽم کي ٻيهر کولڻو پوي ٿو، جيڪو وڌيڪ خرچائتو ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ == مثال == {{Automarkup |1= {{((}}Component {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}Alice{{!}}Bob{{!}}best=Eve{{))}} {{!}} 1{{))}} |2= {{((}}Component {{!}} {{((}}Item{{!}}Alice{{!}}Bob{{!}}best=Eve{{))}} {{!}} best{{))}} }} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> q49b72b90g8zl04euir99qmqs94l8pn 10 95925 375460 2026-05-02T18:05:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <nowiki />{{#invoke:Automarkup|main}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 375460 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki />{{#invoke:Automarkup|main}}<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 7yrynnq9p50hbc0cfk0k6xalc0pncxu 10 95926 375461 2026-05-02T18:07:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Automarkup}} هي سانچو، {{tl|Markup}} وانگر، [[مارڪ اپ ٻولي|مارڪ اپ]] يا [[ذريعو ڪوڊ|ڪوڊ]] کي ان جي [[آئوٽ پُٽ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|نتيجي]] سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ پر <nowiki>{{Markup}}</nowiki> سان فرق اهو آهي ته توهان کي ڪوڊ ٻه ڀيرا لکڻ جي ضرورت نه پوندي۔ جيتوڻيڪ هن سان وقت بچي ٿو، پر <now... 375461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Automarkup}} هي سانچو، {{tl|Markup}} وانگر، [[مارڪ اپ ٻولي|مارڪ اپ]] يا [[ذريعو ڪوڊ|ڪوڊ]] کي ان جي [[آئوٽ پُٽ (ڪمپيوٽنگ)|نتيجي]] سان گڏ ڏيکاري ٿو۔ پر <nowiki>{{Markup}}</nowiki> سان فرق اهو آهي ته توهان کي ڪوڊ ٻه ڀيرا لکڻ جي ضرورت نه پوندي۔ جيتوڻيڪ هن سان وقت بچي ٿو، پر <nowiki>{{Automarkup}}</nowiki> ڪجهه حدن ۾ محدود آهي: [[وڪي مارڪ اپ]] جي <code>&lt;nowiki&gt;</code> ٽيگ کي استعمال ڪري مخصوص مارڪ اپ کي بند ڪرڻ ممڪن ناهي؛ ان لاءِ ٻيا طريقا استعمال ڪرڻا پوندا، جهڙوڪ {{tl|((}}، {{tl|!}}، {{tl|))}} يا {{tl|Make code}}۔ == استعمال == {{Markup |<nowiki>{{Automarkup|{{Make code|<<As of!2015>>}}}}</nowiki> |{{Automarkup|{{Make code|<<As of!2015>>}}}} }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Markup}} * {{tl|mra}}، جيڪو ساڳئي مسئلي کي حل ڪري ٿو۔ * {{tl|Demo}} ۽ {{tl|Demo-inline}}، جيڪي [[ماڊيول:Demo]] استعمال ڪن ٿا۔ * {{tl|Nowiki template demo}}، جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Template test case]] استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:دستاويزي مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ-مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم-جاءِ جا سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 32jmt163cheqcizud8q7yp6gv0wmdii 828 95927 375462 2026-05-02T18:09:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local templateArgs = { } for key, value in pairs(args) do if type(key) == "number" then templateArgs[2 * key - 1] = value templateArgs[2 * key] = frame:preprocess(value) else templateArgs[key] = value end end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = "Markup", args = templateArgs } end return p 375462 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local templateArgs = { } for key, value in pairs(args) do if type(key) == "number" then templateArgs[2 * key - 1] = value templateArgs[2 * key] = frame:preprocess(value) else templateArgs[key] = value end end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = "Markup", args = templateArgs } end return p k5flzxn4i6ep1niu8kh9qpw1ta2rr3d 828 95928 375463 2026-05-02T18:10:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|Automarkup}}۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:Demo]] جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Demo]] استعمال ڪري ٿو * [[سانچو:Nowiki template demo]] جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Template test case]] استعمال ڪري ٿو <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> }}</includeonly> <noinclude> زمرو:... 375463 wikitext text/x-wiki لاڳو ڪري ٿو {{tl|Automarkup}}۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:Demo]] جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Demo]] استعمال ڪري ٿو * [[سانچو:Nowiki template demo]] جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Template test case]] استعمال ڪري ٿو <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> }}</includeonly> <noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> frdyc6k1lxbcwd6aexlfu9rmi6k77ow 10 95929 375464 2026-05-02T18:15:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case/sandbox|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 375464 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case/sandbox|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 5wjxysiyigv7okw0alcw4ty2zn04r87 828 95930 375465 2026-05-02T18:21:19Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: --[[ A module for generating test case templates. This module incorporates code from the English Wikipedia's "Testcase table" module,[1] written by Frietjes [2] with contributions by Mr. Stradivarius [3] and Jackmcbarn,[4] and the English Wikipedia's "Testcase rows" module,[5] written by Mr. Stradivarius. The "Testcase table" and "Testcase rows" modules are released under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License [6] and the GFDL.[7] License: CC BY-SA 3.0 and th... 375465 Scribunto text/plain --[[ A module for generating test case templates. This module incorporates code from the English Wikipedia's "Testcase table" module,[1] written by Frietjes [2] with contributions by Mr. Stradivarius [3] and Jackmcbarn,[4] and the English Wikipedia's "Testcase rows" module,[5] written by Mr. Stradivarius. The "Testcase table" and "Testcase rows" modules are released under the CC BY-SA 3.0 License [6] and the GFDL.[7] License: CC BY-SA 3.0 and the GFDL Author: Mr. Stradivarius [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_table [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Frietjes [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Mr._Stradivarius [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jackmcbarn [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Testcase_rows [6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License ]] -- Load required modules local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Set constants local DATA_MODULE = 'Module:Template test case/data' ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Shared methods ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(self, key, ...) -- This method is added to classes that need to deal with messages from the -- config module. local msg = self.cfg.msg[key] if select(1, ...) then return mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, ...):plain() else return msg end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Template class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Template = {} Template.memoizedMethods = { -- Names of methods to be memoized in each object. This table should only -- hold methods with no parameters. getFullPage = true, getName = true, makeHeader = true, getOutput = true } function Template.new(invocationObj, options) local obj = {} -- Set input for k, v in pairs(options or {}) do if not Template[k] then obj[k] = v end end obj._invocation = invocationObj -- Validate input if not obj.template and not obj.title then error('no template or title specified', 2) end -- Memoize expensive method calls local memoFuncs = {} return setmetatable(obj, { __index = function (t, key) if Template.memoizedMethods[key] then local func = memoFuncs[key] if not func then local val = Template[key](t) func = function () return val end memoFuncs[key] = func end return func else return Template[key] end end }) end function Template:getFullPage() if not self.template then return self.title.prefixedText elseif self.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke' then return 'Module' .. self.template:sub(8):gsub('|.*', '') else local strippedTemplate, hasColon = self.template:gsub('^:', '', 1) hasColon = hasColon > 0 local ns = strippedTemplate:match('^(.-):') ns = ns and mw.site.namespaces[ns] if ns then return strippedTemplate elseif hasColon then return strippedTemplate -- Main namespace else return mw.site.namespaces[10].name .. ':' .. strippedTemplate end end end function Template:getName() if self.template then return self.template else return require('Module:Template invocation').name(self.title) end end function Template:makeLink(display) if display then return string.format('[[:%s|%s]]', self:getFullPage(), display) else return string.format('[[:%s]]', self:getFullPage()) end end function Template:makeBraceLink(display) display = display or self:getName() local link = self:makeLink(display) return mw.text.nowiki('{{') .. link .. mw.text.nowiki('}}') end function Template:makeHeader() return self.heading or self:makeBraceLink() end function Template:getInvocation(format) local invocation = self._invocation:getInvocation{ template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, } if format == 'code' then invocation = '<code>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</code>' elseif format == 'kbd' then invocation = '<kbd>' .. mw.text.nowiki(invocation) .. '</kbd>' elseif format == 'plain' then invocation = mw.text.nowiki(invocation) else -- Default is pre tags invocation = mw.text.encode(invocation, '&') invocation = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. invocation .. '</pre>' invocation = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end return invocation end function Template:getOutput() local protect = require('Module:Protect') -- calling self._invocation:getOutput{...} return protect(self._invocation.getOutput)(self._invocation, { template = self:getName(), requireMagicWord = self.requireMagicWord, }) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- TestCase class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TestCase = {} TestCase.__index = TestCase TestCase.message = message -- add the message method TestCase.renderMethods = { -- Keys in this table are values of the "format" option, values are the -- method for rendering that format. columns = 'renderColumns', rows = 'renderRows', tablerows = 'renderRows', inline = 'renderInline', cells = 'renderCells', default = 'renderDefault' } function TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TestCase) obj.cfg = cfg -- Separate general options from template options. Template options are -- numbered, whereas general options are not. local generalOptions, templateOptions = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(options) do local prefix, num if type(k) == 'string' then prefix, num = k:match('^(.-)([1-9][0-9]*)$') end if prefix then num = tonumber(num) templateOptions[num] = templateOptions[num] or {} templateOptions[num][prefix] = v else generalOptions[k] = v end end -- Set general options generalOptions.showcode = yesno(generalOptions.showcode) generalOptions.showheader = yesno(generalOptions.showheader) ~= false generalOptions.showcaption = yesno(generalOptions.showcaption) ~= false generalOptions.collapsible = yesno(generalOptions.collapsible) generalOptions.notcollapsed = yesno(generalOptions.notcollapsed) generalOptions.wantdiff = yesno(generalOptions.wantdiff) obj.options = generalOptions -- Preprocess template args for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate ~= nil then t.showtemplate = yesno(t.showtemplate) end end -- Set up first two template options tables, so that if only the -- "template3" is specified it isn't made the first template when the -- the table options array is compressed. templateOptions[1] = templateOptions[1] or {} templateOptions[2] = templateOptions[2] or {} -- Allow the "template" option to override the "template1" option for -- backwards compatibility with [[Module:Testcase table]]. if generalOptions.template then templateOptions[1].template = generalOptions.template end -- Add default template options if templateOptions[1].template and not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].template = templateOptions[1].template .. '/' .. obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage end if not templateOptions[1].template then templateOptions[1].title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().basePageTitle end if not templateOptions[2].template then templateOptions[2].title = templateOptions[1].title:subPageTitle( obj.cfg.sandboxSubpage ) end -- Remove template options for any templates where the showtemplate -- argument is false. This prevents any output for that template. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if t.showtemplate == false then templateOptions[num] = nil end end -- Check for missing template names. for num, t in pairs(templateOptions) do if not t.template and not t.title then error(obj:message( 'missing-template-option-error', num, num ), 2) end end -- Compress templateOptions table so we can iterate over it with ipairs. templateOptions = (function (t) local nums = {} for num in pairs(t) do nums[#nums + 1] = num end table.sort(nums) local ret = {} for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[i] = t[num] end return ret end)(templateOptions) -- Don't require the __TEMPLATENAME__ magic word for nowiki invocations if -- there is only one template being output. if #templateOptions <= 1 then templateOptions[1].requireMagicWord = false end mw.logObject(templateOptions) -- Make the template objects obj.templates = {} for i, options in ipairs(templateOptions) do table.insert(obj.templates, Template.new(invocationObj, options)) end -- Add tracking categories. At the moment we are only tracking templates -- that use any "heading" parameters or an "output" parameter. obj.categories = {} for k, v in pairs(options) do if type(k) == 'string' and k:find('heading') then obj.categories['Test cases using heading parameters'] = true elseif k == 'output' then obj.categories['Test cases using output parameter'] = true end end return obj end function TestCase:getTemplateOutput(templateObj) local output = templateObj:getOutput() if self.options.resetRefs then mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('references') end return output end function TestCase:templateOutputIsEqual() -- Returns a boolean showing whether all of the template outputs are equal. -- The random parts of strip markers (see [[Help:Strip markers]]) are -- removed before comparison. This means a strip marker can contain anything -- and still be treated as equal, but it solves the problem of otherwise -- identical wikitext not returning as exactly equal. local function normaliseOutput(obj) local out = obj:getOutput() -- Remove the random parts from strip markers. out = out:gsub('(\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-%l+%-)%x+(%-%-?QINU[^\127]*\127)', '%1%2') return out end local firstOutput = normaliseOutput(self.templates[1]) for i = 2, #self.templates do local output = normaliseOutput(self.templates[i]) if output ~= firstOutput then return false end end return true end function TestCase:makeCollapsible(s) local title = self.options.title or self.templates[1]:makeHeader() if self.options.titlecode then title = self.templates[1]:getInvocation('kbd') end local isEqual = self:templateOutputIsEqual() local root = mw.html.create('div') root :wikitext(mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Template test case/styles.css' }, }) :addClass('mw-collapsible') :addClass('test-case-collapsible') :addClass(self.options.notcollapsed == false and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) if self.options.wantdiff then root :tag('div') :addClass(isEqual and 'test-case-collapsible-b1' or 'test-case-collapsible-b2') :wikitext(title) :done() else if self.options.notcollapsed ~= true or false then root :addClass(isEqual and 'mw-collapsed' or nil) end root :tag('div') :addClass(isEqual and 'test-case-collapsible-b3' or 'test-case-collapsible-b1') :wikitext(title) :done() end root :tag('div') :addClass('mw-collapsible-content') :newline() :wikitext(s) :newline() return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderColumns() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') if self.options.showheader then -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Headers local headerRow = tableroot:tag('tr') if self.options.rowheader then -- rowheader is correct here. We need to add another th cell if -- rowheader is set further down, even if heading0 is missing. headerRow:tag('th'):wikitext(self.options.heading0) end local width if #self.templates > 0 then width = tostring(math.floor(100 / #self.templates)) .. '%' else width = '100%' end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do headerRow :tag('th') :css('width', width) :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) end end -- Row header local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr'):css('vertical-align', 'top') if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :wikitext(self.options.rowheader) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderRows() local root = mw.html.create() if self.options.showcode then root :wikitext(self.templates[1]:getInvocation()) :newline() end local tableroot = root:tag('table') tableroot :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) if self.options.caption then tableroot :tag('caption') :wikitext(self.options.caption) end for _, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') -- Header if self.options.showheader then if self.options.format == 'tablerows' then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('text-align', 'left') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow:tag('td') :css('vertical-align', 'top') :css('padding', '0 1em') :wikitext('→') else dataRow:tag('td') :css('text-align', 'center') :css('font-weight', 'bold') :wikitext(obj:makeHeader()) dataRow = tableroot:tag('tr') end end -- Template output if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderInline() local arrow = mw.language.getContentLanguage():getArrow('forwards') local ret = {} for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' if self.options.showcode then line[#line + 1] = obj:getInvocation('code') line[#line + 1] = ' ' line[#line + 1] = arrow line[#line + 1] = ' ' end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then line[#line + 1] = self.options.before or "" line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) line[#line + 1] = self.options.after or "" line[#line + 1] = '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") line[#line + 1] = '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) line[#line + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") else line[#line + 1] = self.options.before or "" line[#line + 1] = self:getTemplateOutput(obj) line[#line + 1] = self.options.after or "" end ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end if self.options.addline then local line = {} line[#line + 1] = self.options.prefix or '* ' line[#line + 1] = self.options.addline ret[#ret + 1] = table.concat(line) end return table.concat(ret, '\n') end function TestCase:renderCells() local root = mw.html.create() local dataRow = root:tag('tr') dataRow :css('vertical-align', 'top') :addClass(self.options.class) :cssText(self.options.style) -- Row header if self.options.rowheader then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.rowheader or self:message('row-header')) end -- Caption if self.options.showcaption then dataRow:tag('th') :attr('scope', 'row') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.caption or self:message('columns-header')) end -- Show code if self.options.showcode then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self:getInvocation('code')) end -- Template output for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) :wikitext('<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">') :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) :wikitext('</pre>') elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "")) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj))) :wikitext(mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "")) else dataRow:tag('td') :newline() :wikitext(self.options.before) :wikitext(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) :wikitext(self.options.after) end end return tostring(root) end function TestCase:renderDefault() local ret = {} if self.options.showcode then ret[#ret + 1] = self.templates[1]:getInvocation() end for i, obj in ipairs(self.templates) do ret[#ret + 1] = '<div style="clear: both;"></div>' if self.options.showheader then ret[#ret + 1] = obj:makeHeader() end if self.options.output == 'nowiki+' then ret[#ret + 1] = (self.options.before or "") .. self:getTemplateOutput(obj) .. (self.options.after or "") .. '<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap;">' .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") .. mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") .. '</pre>' elseif self.options.output == 'nowiki' then ret[#ret + 1] = mw.text.nowiki(self.options.before or "") .. mw.text.nowiki(self:getTemplateOutput(obj)) .. mw.text.nowiki(self.options.after or "") else ret[#ret + 1] = (self.options.before or "") .. self:getTemplateOutput(obj) .. (self.options.after or "") end end return table.concat(ret, '\n\n') end function TestCase:__tostring() local format = self.options.format local method = format and TestCase.renderMethods[format] or 'renderDefault' local ret = self[method](self) if self.options.collapsible then ret = self:makeCollapsible(ret) end for cat in pairs(self.categories) do ret = ret .. string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Nowiki invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local NowikiInvocation = {} NowikiInvocation.__index = NowikiInvocation NowikiInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function NowikiInvocation.new(invocation, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, NowikiInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg invocation = mw.text.unstrip(invocation) -- Decode HTML entities for <, >, and ". This means that HTML entities in -- the original code must be escaped as e.g. &amp;lt;, which is unfortunate, -- but it is the best we can do as the distinction between <, >, " and &lt;, -- &gt;, &quot; is lost during the original nowiki operation. invocation = invocation:gsub('&lt;', '<') invocation = invocation:gsub('&gt;', '>') invocation = invocation:gsub('&quot;', '"') obj.invocation = invocation return obj end function NowikiInvocation:getInvocation(options) local template = options.template:gsub('%%', '%%%%') -- Escape "%" with "%%" local invocation, count = self.invocation:gsub( self.cfg.templateNameMagicWordPattern, template ) if options.requireMagicWord ~= false and count < 1 then error(self:message( 'nowiki-magic-word-error', self.cfg.templateNameMagicWord )) end return invocation end function NowikiInvocation:getOutput(options) local invocation = self:getInvocation(options) return mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess(invocation) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Table invocation class ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local TableInvocation = {} TableInvocation.__index = TableInvocation TableInvocation.message = message -- Add the message method function TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local obj = setmetatable({}, TableInvocation) obj.cfg = cfg obj.invokeArgs = invokeArgs obj.code = nowikiCode return obj end function TableInvocation:getInvocation(options) if self.code then local nowikiObj = NowikiInvocation.new(self.code, self.cfg) return nowikiObj:getInvocation(options) else return require('Module:Template invocation').invocation( options.template, self.invokeArgs ) end end function TableInvocation:getOutput(options) if (options.template:sub(1, 7) == '#invoke') then local moduleCall = mw.text.split(options.template, '|', true) local args = mw.clone(self.invokeArgs) table.insert(args, 1, moduleCall[2]) return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction(moduleCall[1], args) end return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = options.template, args = self.invokeArgs } end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Bridge functions -- -- These functions translate template arguments into forms that can be accepted -- by the different classes, and return the results. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local bridge = {} function bridge.table(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) local options, invokeArgs = {}, {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local optionKey = type(k) == 'string' and k:match('^_(.*)$') if optionKey then if type(v) == 'string' then v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace end if v ~= '' then options[optionKey] = v end else invokeArgs[k] = v end end -- Allow passing a nowiki invocation as an option. While this means users -- have to pass in the code twice, whitespace is preserved and &lt; etc. -- will work as intended. local nowikiCode = options.code options.code = nil local invocationObj = TableInvocation.new(invokeArgs, nowikiCode, cfg) local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, options, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end function bridge.nowiki(args, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) -- Convert args beginning with _ for consistency with the normal bridge local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local normalName = type(k) == "string" and string.match(k, "^_(.*)$") if normalName then newArgs[normalName] = v else newArgs[k] = v end end local code = newArgs.code or newArgs[1] local invocationObj = NowikiInvocation.new(code, cfg) newArgs.code = nil newArgs[1] = nil -- Assume we want to see the code as we already passed it in. newArgs.showcode = newArgs.showcode or true local testCaseObj = TestCase.new(invocationObj, newArgs, cfg) return tostring(testCaseObj) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or mw.loadData(DATA_MODULE) -- Load the wrapper config, if any. local wrapperConfig if frame.getParent then local title = frame:getParent():getTitle() local template = title:gsub(cfg.sandboxSubpagePattern, '') wrapperConfig = cfg.wrappers[template] end -- Work out the function we will call, use it to generate the config for -- Module:Arguments, and use Module:Arguments to find the arguments passed -- by the user. local func = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.func or 'table' local userArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = wrapperConfig, frameOnly = not wrapperConfig, trim = func ~= 'table', removeBlanks = func ~= 'table' }) -- Get default args and build the args table. User-specified args overwrite -- default args. local defaultArgs = wrapperConfig and wrapperConfig.args or {} local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return bridge[func](args, cfg) end function p._exportClasses() -- For testing return { Template = Template, TestCase = TestCase, NowikiInvocation = NowikiInvocation, TableInvocation = TableInvocation } end return p nv3cvmpgnndnc7j8hbfbor26p0ywnay 10 95931 375467 2026-05-02T18:35:25Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- زمرا ھن صفحي جي ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي --> ھي سانچو ھڪ جدول تيار ڪري ٿو جنھن ۾ ٻه يا وڌيڪ سانچا پاسا بہ پاسا [[وڪيپيڊيا:ٽيسٽ ڪيس|ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] طور ڀيٽيا وڃن ٿا۔ ھر سانچو ساڳين پيراميٽرن سان سڏيو ويندو آھي۔ ھن سان... 375467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Template test case}} <!-- زمرا ھن صفحي جي ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي --> ھي سانچو ھڪ جدول تيار ڪري ٿو جنھن ۾ ٻه يا وڌيڪ سانچا پاسا بہ پاسا [[وڪيپيڊيا:ٽيسٽ ڪيس|ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] طور ڀيٽيا وڃن ٿا۔ ھر سانچو ساڳين پيراميٽرن سان سڏيو ويندو آھي۔ ھن سانچي کي ڏنل سڀئي پيراميٽر ٽيسٽ ڪيس سانچن ڏانھن پاس ڪيا وڃن ٿا، سواءِ اُنھن پيراميٽرن جي جيڪي اڻڊر اسڪور ("_") سان شروع ٿين ٿا، ڇو⁠تہ اھي اندروني استعمال لاءِ محفوظ آھن۔ جيڪڏھن ڪو به سانچو صاف طور بيان نہ ڪيو ويو ھجي، تہ ماڊيول موجوده صفحي جي بنيادي صفحي کي پھريون سانچو طور ۽ ان جي /[[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو سينڊباڪس|sandbox]] ذيلي صفحي کي ٻيون سانچو طور استعمال ڪندو۔ جيڪڏھن رڳو ھڪڙو سانچو بيان ڪيو وڃي، تہ ان جو /sandbox ذيلي صفحو ٻيو سانچو طور استعمال ٿيندو۔ == استعمال == '''بنيادي نحو''' <pre> {{Testcase table | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }} </pre> '''مڪمل نحو''' <pre> {{Testcase table | _format = | _class = | _style = | _caption = | _rowheader = | _heading0 = | _before = | _after = | _collapsible = | _resetRefs = | _code = | _showcode = | _showheader = | _template = | _template1 = | _showtemplate1 = | _heading1 = | _template2 = | _showtemplate2 = | _heading2 = | _template3 = | _showtemplate3 = | _heading3 = ... | [param1] = [value1] | [param2] = [value2] | [param3] = [value3] ... }} </pre> == پيراميٽر == {| class="wikitable" ! پيراميٽر !! وضاحت |- | <code>_template1</code><br/><code>_template2</code><br/>''(وغيره)'' || استعمال ٿيڻ وارن سانچن جا نالا۔ <code>_template1</code> جو ڊفالٽ موجوده صفحي جو {{tlx|basepage}} آھي۔ جيڪڏھن <code>_template1</code> ڏنو ويو آھي، تہ <code>_template2</code> جو ڊفالٽ ان جو /sandbox ذيلي صفحو ٿيندو؛ ٻي صورت ۾ موجوده صفحي جي بنيادي صفحي جو /sandbox استعمال ٿيندو۔ سانچن جا نالا ائين لکو جيئن عام استعمال ۾ ٿيندا آھن، مثال "3x" نہ "Template:3x"۔ جيڪڏھن مين نيم اسپيس جو صفحو ٽيسٽ ڪرڻو ھجي تہ اڳيان ڪولن لڳايو، مثال ":مقالو جو نالو"۔ |- | <code>_template</code> || <code>_template1</code> جو متبادل نالو۔ جيڪڏھن ٻئي ڏنا وڃن تہ <code>_template</code> کي ترجيح ملندي۔ |- | <code>_showtemplate1</code>, <code>_showtemplate2</code>, ... || جيڪڏھن "no" ڪيو وڃي تہ اُن سانچي جو نتيجو نہ ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ |- | <code>_heading1</code>, <code>_heading2</code>, ... || ھر سانچي لاءِ ڪسٽم سرخيون۔ |- | <code>_showheader</code> || "no" ڪرڻ سان سرخيون نہ ڏيکاربيون۔ |- | <code>_class</code> || جدول لاءِ HTML ڪلاس۔ مثال {{para|_class|wikitable}}۔ |- | <code>_style</code> || جدول لاءِ CSS انداز۔ |- | <code>_caption</code> || جدول جو عنوان۔ ڊفالٽ: "Side by side comparison"۔ |- | <code>_rowheader</code> || قطار لاءِ اضافي سرخي۔ |- | <code>_heading0</code> || جيڪڏھن <code>_rowheader</code> ڏنو وڃي تہ مٿان اضافي سرخي۔ |- | <code>_before</code>, <code>_after</code> || ھر نتيجي کان اڳ يا پوءِ ڏيکاريل متن۔ |- | <code>_collapsible</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان نتيجا ويڙھجندڙ (collapsible) ٿي ويندا۔ |- | <code>_resetRefs</code> || "yes" ڪرڻ سان ھر سانچي کان پوءِ حوالا ري سيٽ ٿيندا۔ |- | <code>_showcode</code> || سانچي جو ڪوڊ ڏيکاريو ويندو۔ |- | <code>_code</code> || {{tag|nowiki}} ۾ ڪوڊ بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ "__TEMPLATENAME__" استعمال ڪرڻ لازمي آھي۔ |- | <code>_format</code> || مختلف نمونن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو۔ |} == مثال == === مثال 1 === ;استعمال <pre> {{Testcase table |_template=Year in South Africa |_showcode=true |1600s |nocat=true }} </pre> ;نتيجو {{Testcase table |_template=Year in South Africa |_showcode=true |1600s |nocat=true }} === مثال 2 === ;استعمال <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Testcase table |_template=Infobox |_showcode=true |_caption=&nbsp; |title=title |above=above |header1=header1 |label2=label2 |data2=data2 |label3=label3 |data3=data3 |below=below }} </syntaxhighlight> ;نتيجو {{Testcase table |_template=Infobox |_showcode=true |_caption=&nbsp; |title=title |above=above |header1=header1 |label2=label2 |data2=data2 |label3=label3 |data3=data3 |below=below }} == فني حدون == ھن سانچي جون ڄاتل حدون ڏسڻ لاءِ [[Template:Test case#Technical limitations]] ڏسو۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[سانچو:Test case]] * [[سانچو:Testcase rows]] * [[سانچو:Inline test case]] * [[سانچو:Collapsible test case]] * [[سانچو:Test case nowiki]] * [[سانچو:Nowiki template demo]] * [[سانچو:Parameter names example]] <includeonly>{{When on basepage | [[زمرو:سانچا جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 867t7etrybpzfiewjzzohykcb5yvd7g 10 95932 375468 2026-05-02T18:38:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!----زمرا ھن صفحي جي ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]])----> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Parameter names example}} {{Template redirect|Generic template demo|Pnex}} {{tl|Parameter names example}}&nbsp;– يا متبادل طور {{tl|Generic template demo}}&nbsp;– جو مقصد [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو دستاويز]] ۾ مدد ڪرڻ... 375468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!----زمرا ھن صفحي جي ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]])----> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Parameter names example}} {{Template redirect|Generic template demo|Pnex}} {{tl|Parameter names example}}&nbsp;– يا متبادل طور {{tl|Generic template demo}}&nbsp;– جو مقصد [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو دستاويز]] ۾ مدد ڪرڻ آھي، جتي ھي ھڪ عام مثال (generic instance) ٺاھي ٿو جيڪو [[مدد:سانچا#پيراميٽر|پيراميٽرن جا نالا]] پاڻ انهن پيراميٽرن جي قيمتن طور استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ {{clear}} == مثال == ھيٺ ڏنل وڪي ٽيڪسٽ {{tl|Infobox}} لاءِ ھڪ ڊيمو تيار ڪري ٿو (ساڄي پاسي): {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below}} <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |_template=Infobox |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> == استعمال جا نوٽ == جڏھن {{tlf|Parameter names example}} ساڳئي سانچي جي سڌي ذيلي صفحي (مثلاً /doc) تي استعمال ٿئي، تہ ان جو {{para|_template}} پيراميٽر ڇڏڻ به ممڪن آھي۔ يعني مٿيون ڪوڊ جيڪڏھن Template:Infobox/''page'' تي لکجي (جتي ''page'' "doc"، "testcases" وغيره ٿي سگھي ٿو)، تہ ھيئن ٿي ويندو: <pre style="overflow:auto;"> {{Parameter names example |title |above |subheader |subheader2 |image |caption |header1 |label2 |data2 |label3 |data3 |header4 |data5 |data6 |below }} </pre> ھڪ استثنا "sandbox" ذيلي صفحو آھي۔ جيڪڏھن ماڊيول "/sandbox" سان ختم ٿيندڙ صفحي تان سڏيو وڃي، تہ اھو ساڳيو صفحو استعمال ڪندو، نہ تہ بنيادي صفحو۔ ھن رويي کي تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ {{para|_template}} کي واضح طور ڏيو۔ پيراميٽرن جي ڏيکاءَ جو انداز {{para|_display}} سان تبديل ڪري سگھجي ٿو۔ ڊفالٽ طور نالا ٽرپل بريسز ۾ ڏيکاريا وڃن ٿا ({{{name}}})، پر جيڪڏھن {{para|_display|italics}} يا {{para|_display|italic}} رکجي تہ اھي اٽالڪ ۾ ڏيکاربا۔ ڪنھن خاص پيراميٽر لاءِ الڳ قيمت ڏيڻ لاءِ {{para|[پيراميٽر نالو]|[قيمت]}} استعمال ڪريو۔ اھڙي قيمت جي اندر جي فارميٽنگ (مثلاً اٽالڪ) پاڻ شامل ڪرڻي پوندي۔ اھي ڪسٽم قيمتون اُنھن پيراميٽرن لاءِ استعمال نٿيون ٿي سگھن جن جا نالا "_" سان شروع ٿين ٿا۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:سانچو دستاويز]] * [[سانچو:Parameters]] ۽ [[ماڊيول:Parameters]] – ڪنھن سانچي جا پيراميٽر لسٽ ڪرڻ لاءِ <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!----زمرا ھن لائين کان پوءِ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي----> [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] [[زمرو:دستاويزي مدد سانچا]] }}</includeonly> mvi0uczoj565hnp15t7as2ilvtueew5 828 95933 375470 2026-05-02T18:41:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali [[ماڊيول:For Loop]] کي [[ماڊيول:ForLoop]] ڏانھن ريڊائريڪٽ مٿان چوريو 375470 Scribunto text/plain return require [[ماڊيول:ForLoop]] 6qth50i053cuvmsctdayatvuc2gt75u 10 95934 375480 2026-05-02T19:14:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:Demo|inline}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 375480 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Demo|inline}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> hqe22q1vieijy9gk67hvln12qqp82za 10 95935 375481 2026-05-02T19:17:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مھرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Demo}} {{tl|demo}} جو ھڪ انلائين نسخو۔ ==استعمال== ھي سانچو دستاويزي صفحن ۾ مثال ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آھي۔ {{tl|demo}} وانگر، ھي سانچو ھڪ اڻنالو پيراميٽر وٺي... 375481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مھرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Demo}} {{tl|demo}} جو ھڪ انلائين نسخو۔ ==استعمال== ھي سانچو دستاويزي صفحن ۾ مثال ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آھي۔ {{tl|demo}} وانگر، ھي سانچو ھڪ اڻنالو پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو جيڪو {{tag|nowiki|o}} ٽيگن ۾ ھوندو آھي، ۽ ان کي غير-پروسيس ٿيل (ڪوڊ طور) ۽ پوءِ پروسيس ٿيل وڪي ٽيڪسٽ طور ڏيکاري ٿو۔ {{tl|demo}} کان مختلف، ھي سانچو پروسيس ٿيل نتيجو ساڳئي لائين ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو، جتي انپٽ ڪوڊ کان پوءِ ھڪ تير سان الڳ ڪيو ويندو آھي۔ اھو ساڳئي سانچي جي مختلف روين کي مختصر نموني ڏيکارڻ لاءِ فائديمند آھي۔ ==مثال== ھي ڪوڊ {{demo|<nowiki>{{demo inline|&lt;nowiki>{{cite Merriam-Webster|obsequious}}&lt;/nowiki>}}</nowiki>|sep=ھيٺين سانچي جو مثال ڏيکاري ٿو: {{paragraph break}}}} ===ابتو ترتيب=== {{demo|<nowiki>{{demo inline|reverse=1|&lt;nowiki>{{cite Merriam-Webster|obsequious}}&lt;/nowiki>}}</nowiki>|sep=ھيٺين سانچي جو مثال ڏيکاري ٿو: {{paragraph break}}}} == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "مواد", "description": "لازمي آھي تہ <nowiki> ۾ ويڙھيل ھجي", "type": "content", "required": true }, "reverse": { "label": "ابتو ترتيب", "description": "ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجي کي ابتو ترتيب ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ", "type": "boolean", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1" }, "sep": { "label": "جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجي جي وچ وارو متن۔ ڊفالٽ \"→\" آھي، يا ابتو ترتيب ۾ \"←\"", "example": "نتيجو:", "type": "string" } }, "description": "{{demo}} جو ھڪ انلائين نسخو۔", "paramOrder": [ "1", "reverse", "sep" ] } </templatedata> ==پڻ ڏسو== * {{tl|Nowiki template demo}}، جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Template test case]] استعمال ڪري ٿو * {{tl|Automarkup}}، جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Automarkup]] استعمال ڪري ٿو <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ-مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> dzdanvfovbp5w7qdpf4drggmy7o7vwz 375482 375481 2026-05-02T19:17:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 375482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مھرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Demo}} {{tl|demo}} جو ھڪ انلائين نسخو۔ ==استعمال== ھي سانچو دستاويزي صفحن ۾ مثال ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آھي۔ {{tl|demo}} وانگر، ھي سانچو ھڪ اڻنالو پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو جيڪو {{tag|nowiki|o}} ٽيگن ۾ ھوندو آھي، ۽ ان کي غير-پروسيس ٿيل (ڪوڊ طور) ۽ پوءِ پروسيس ٿيل وڪي ٽيڪسٽ طور ڏيکاري ٿو۔ {{tl|demo}} کان مختلف، ھي سانچو پروسيس ٿيل نتيجو ساڳئي لائين ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو، جتي انپٽ ڪوڊ کان پوءِ ھڪ تير سان الڳ ڪيو ويندو آھي۔ اھو ساڳئي سانچي جي مختلف روين کي مختصر نموني ڏيکارڻ لاءِ فائديمند آھي۔ ==مثال== ھي ڪوڊ {{demo|<nowiki>{{demo inline|&lt;nowiki>{{cite Merriam-Webster|obsequious}}&lt;/nowiki>}}</nowiki>|sep=ھيٺين سانچي جو مثال ڏيکاري ٿو: {{paragraph break}}}} ===ابتو ترتيب=== {{demo|<nowiki>{{demo inline|reverse=1|&lt;nowiki>{{cite Merriam-Webster|obsequious}}&lt;/nowiki>}}</nowiki>|sep=ھيٺين سانچي جو مثال ڏيکاري ٿو: {{paragraph break}}}} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "مواد", "description": "لازمي آھي تہ <nowiki> ۾ ويڙھيل ھجي", "type": "content", "required": true }, "reverse": { "label": "ابتو ترتيب", "description": "ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجي کي ابتو ترتيب ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ", "type": "boolean", "default": "0", "autovalue": "1" }, "sep": { "label": "جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "ڪوڊ ۽ نتيجي جي وچ وارو متن۔ ڊفالٽ \"→\" آھي، يا ابتو ترتيب ۾ \"←\"", "example": "نتيجو:", "type": "string" } }, "description": "{{demo}} جو ھڪ انلائين نسخو۔", "paramOrder": [ "1", "reverse", "sep" ] } </templatedata> ==پڻ ڏسو== * {{tl|Nowiki template demo}}، جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Template test case]] استعمال ڪري ٿو * {{tl|Automarkup}}، جيڪو [[ماڊيول:Automarkup]] استعمال ڪري ٿو <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ھن لائين کان ھيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:پروگرامنگ ٽائپنگ-مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:وڪي ٽيڪسٽ پروسيسنگ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> ccgjqhvgje7b8vbhkv89fu8nua88yxc 10 95936 375483 2026-05-02T20:15:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو. --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو مارڪ اپ يا ڪوڊ کي، ان جي ڏيکاريل نتيجي سان گڏ، پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup}} جي دليلن جو هر جوڙو ڪنه... 375483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو. --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو مارڪ اپ يا ڪوڊ کي، ان جي ڏيکاريل نتيجي سان گڏ، پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup}} جي دليلن جو هر جوڙو ڪنهن [[وڪي ٽيڪسٽ]] مارڪ اپ جون ٻه ڪاپيون هئڻ گهرجن، جن مان پهرين ڪاپي {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگن ۾ بند هجي۔ هي سانچو نتيجو ٻن ڪالمن ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو: پهريون ڪالم مارڪ اپ ڏيکاري ٿو ۽ ٻيو ڪالم ڏيکاري ٿو ته اهو ڪيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو۔ هي سانچو وڌ ۾ وڌ 40 اڻنالا پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان وڌ ۾ وڌ 20 قطارون مثالن جون ٺهي سگهن ٿيون۔ هي: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup|<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''}} </syntaxhighlight> هي پيدا ڪري ٿو: {{markup|<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''}} گهڻين حالتن ۾ ٻنهي ڪالمن لاءِ مارڪ اپ ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهو مختلف رکڻ جي ضرورت پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ جيڪڏهن هي مسئلا لاڳو نه ٿين، ته توهان {{Template link with subst|mra}} استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا، جنهن سان ڪوڊ ٻه ڀيرا نقل ڪرڻ کان بچي سگهجي ٿو۔ * سرخي وارو مارڪ اپ، جهڙوڪ {{code|1===}}، صفحي جي فهرستِ مواد ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو؛ ان کان بچڻ لاءِ ٻئي ڪالم جي مارڪ اپ ۾ {{Template link expanded|fake heading}} استعمال ڪريو (هيٺ [[#هڪ پيچيده مثال|مثال]] ڏسو)۔ * ڪجهه سانچا صفحي کي سار سنڀال واري زمري ۾ وجهي ڇڏيندا، جيڪو عام طور ناپسنديده هوندو آهي۔ * ڪجهه سانچن ۾ غلطي جاچ هوندي آهي جيڪا صفحي کي سار سنڀال واري زمري ۾ وجهي سگهي ٿي۔ ** <s>{{cs1}} سانچا غلطي سان: ٻئي ڪالم واري سانچي ۾ {{para|template doc demo|true}} شامل ڪريو۔</s> ** هن کان ۽ لاڳاپيل ڳاڙهن غلطي پيغامن کان بچڻ لاءِ پڪ ڪريو ته صفحي تي هر مثال مختلف ماخذ استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ * HTML اينٽيٽيز پهرين سيل ۾ به پارس ٿين ٿيون، ڀلي {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ استعمال ٿيل هجن۔ هن کان بچڻ لاءِ پهرئين ڪالم ۾ <code>&</code> کي <code>&amp;amp;</code> سان بدلايو (هيٺ [[#HTML اينٽيٽيز سان|مثال]] ڏسو)۔ مشورو آهي ته مارڪ اپ جون ٻئي ڪاپيون [[نئين سٽ]] سان شروع ڪيون وڃن؛ اهو تڏهن ضروري آهي جڏهن مارڪ اپ جي پهرين سٽ نئين سٽ کان شروع ٿيڻ گهرجي، جهڙوڪ #، * يا ;۔ == مثال == === گهڻيون قطارون === {{markup |<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن''' |<nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن'' |<nowiki>[[اندروني ڳنڍ]]</nowiki>|[[اندروني ڳنڍ]] |<nowiki> {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} </nowiki>| {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} |<nowiki> <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> </nowiki>| <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> }} === ڪسٽم عنوان ۽ ڪالمن جي سرخين سان === {{Markup | title=وڪيپيڊيا ۾ لومڙن ۽ ڪتن بابت ڪيئن لکجي۔ |t1=هي وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ۾ لکو|t2=۽ هي مضمون ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو۔ | چست ڀورو [[لومڙ]] سست [[ڪتو|ڪتي]] مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔ | چست ڀورو [[لومڙ]] سست [[ڪتو|ڪتي]] مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔ }} === هڪ پيچيده مثال === هن مثال ۾، {{template link interwiki|Markup}} جو ٻيو دليل هتي {{template link interwiki|fake heading}} استعمال ڪري ٿو (ته جيئن سرخيون فهرستِ مواد ۾ ظاهر نه ٿين) ۽ {{template link interwiki|fake citation needed}} استعمال ڪري ٿو (ته جيئن هي صفحو سار سنڀال واري فهرست ۾ شامل نه ٿئي)۔ {{Markup | <nowiki>چست ڀورو لومڙ سست ڪتي مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ حاشيو.<ref>حاشيي لاءِ هڪ حوالو.</ref>|group=nb}} ڳئون چنڊ مٿان ٽپو ڏنو۔{{fact}} == نوٽس == {{reflist|group=nb}} == حوالا == {{reflist}} </nowiki> | چست ڀورو لومڙ سست ڪتي مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ حاشيو.<ref>حاشيي لاءِ هڪ حوالو.</ref>|group=nb}} ڳئون چنڊ مٿان ٽپو ڏنو۔{{fake citation needed}} {{fake heading|sub=2|نوٽس}} {{reflist|group=nb}} {{fake heading|sub=2|حوالا}} {{reflist|close}} }} === HTML اينٽيٽيز سان === HTML اينٽيٽيز مارڪ اپ سيل ۾ پارس ٿين ٿيون۔ هن کان بچڻ لاءِ، پهرئين ڪالم ۾ <code>&</code> کي <code>&amp;amp;</code> سان بدلايو۔ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Markup| <nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki> | &ndash;}} </syntaxhighlight> هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{Markup| <nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki> | &ndash;}} === نشانن "|" ۽ "=" سان === جيڪڏهن مارڪ اپ ۾ [[نشان]] <code>[[عمودي بار{{!}}|]]</code> يا <code>[[برابر نشان|=]]</code> هجن، ته انهن کي [[مدد:جادوئي لفظ#ٻيا|جادوئي لفظن]] <code>[[:mw:Help:Magic_words#Other|<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>]]</code> يا <code>[[:mw:Help:Magic_words#Other|<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>]]</code> سان بدلائڻو پوندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ اهي Template:Markup لاءِ پاڻ پيراميٽرن جي جدا ڪندڙ يا پيراميٽر نالي ۽ قيمت جي وچ واري نشان طور سمجھيا ويندا! مثال طور: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup |<nowiki>use <code>|lang = en</code></nowiki> |use <code>{{!}}lang {{=}} en</code> }} </syntaxhighlight> جيڪو هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{markup |<nowiki>use <code>|lang = en</code></nowiki> |use <code>{{!}}lang {{=}} en</code> }} === وڌيڪ مثال === {{Markup|<nowiki> {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} </nowiki>| {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} |<nowiki> {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} </nowiki>| {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} }} == ٽائپنگ مدد: سانچو {{Template link|mra}} == {{Template link|mra}} ماخذ متن پاڻمرادو نقل ڪندو، جنهن سان توهان کي متن نقل ڪرڻ ۽ پهرئين صورت ۾ {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ شامل ڪرڻ جي تڪليف کان بچاءُ ٿيندو۔ هي: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:mra|'''ٿلهو متن'''|''اٽيلڪ متن''}}</syntaxhighlight> هي پيدا ڪندو: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup| <nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''| <nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن''}} </syntaxhighlight> جيڪو هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{markup| <nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''| <nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن''}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{Template link|Markup HTML Rendered}} ٽن ڪالمن واري وڪي ٽيڪسٽ، HTML، ۽ ڏيکاريل نتيجي لاءِ * {{Template link|Markup2}} بليٽ ۽ اندر ٿيل مارڪ اپ لاءِ۔ * {{Template link|Markupv}} مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ ۽ ان جي نتيجي جي عمودي پيشڪش لاءِ۔ * {{Template link|Automarkup}} ۾ ڪوڊ جا نمونا ٻه ڀيرا لکڻ جي ضرورت ناهي۔ == TemplateData == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": " ", "paramOrder": [ "margin-left", "width", "style", "noheaders", "title", "tag", "colheaderstyle", "col1headerstyle", "col1", "col2headerstyle", "col2", "col1style", "col2style", "codestyle", "outputstyle", "padding", "1", "2", "3", "4", "39", "40" ], "params": { "1": { "description": "قطار 1، پهريون ڪالم (مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ) جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "2": { "description": "قطار 1، ٻيو ڪالم (نتيجو) جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "قطار 2، پهرئين ڪالم جو مواد وغيره۔", "type": "string" }, "4": { "description": "قطار 2، ٻئي ڪالم جو مواد وغيره۔", "type": "string" }, "39": { "description": "آخري ممڪن قطار ۾ پهرئين ڪالم جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "40": { "description": "آخري ممڪن قطار ۾ ٻئي ڪالم جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "width": { "description": "ٽيبل جي مجموعي ويڪر مقرر ڪرڻ لاءِ۔", "type": "string", "default": "auto" }, "margin-left": { "description": "ٽيبل جي کاٻي پاسي مارجن مقرر ڪرڻ لاءِ۔", "type": "string", "default": "0" }, "style": { "description": "ٽيبل جي مجموعي ڏيک کي تبديل ڪندڙ CSS اندازن لاءِ۔", "type": "string" }, "title": { "description": "ٽيبل کان مٿي عنوان۔", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "tag": { "description": "مارڪ اپ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٽيگ۔ ڊفالٽ pre آهي ۽ syntaxhighlight صرف متن جي هڪ قطار سان ڪم ڪري ٿو۔", "type": "string", "default": "pre", "suggestedvalues": [ "pre", "syntaxhighlight" ] }, "noheaders": { "description": "مثال طور noheaders=on رکڻ سان ڪالمن جون سرخيون ۽ ٽيبل جو عنوان لڪايو وڃي ٿو۔", "type": "string" }, "col1": { "description": "پهرئين ڪالم (مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ) جي سرخي۔", "type": "string", "default": "\"مارڪ اپ\"" }, "col2": { "description": "ٻئي ڪالم (نتيجو) جي سرخي۔", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکاريل نتيجو\"" }, "codestyle": { "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم جي متن جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "markupstyle" ], "label": "مارڪ اپ متن جو انداز", "example": "white-space: nowrap;" }, "outputstyle": { "description": "ڏيکاريل نتيجي واري ڪالم جي متن جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "label": "نتيجي متن جو انداز", "example": "white-space: nowrap;" }, "col1headerstyle": { "description": "پهرئين ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔ colheaderstyle مٿان غالب ٿيندو، پر ان کي بدلائيندو نه۔", "type": "string" }, "col2headerstyle": { "description": "ٻئي ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔ colheaderstyle مٿان غالب ٿيندو، پر ان کي بدلائيندو نه۔", "type": "string" }, "colheaderstyle": { "description": "هر ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔", "type": "string" }, "col1style": { "label": "ڪالم 1 جو انداز", "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز، مثال طور ڪالم جي ويڪر۔", "example": "width:20em;", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "col2style": { "label": "ڪالم 2 جو انداز", "description": "نتيجي واري ڪالم جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز، مثال طور پس منظر جو رنگ۔", "example": "background-color:#fff;", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "padding": { "description": "هر سيل اندر خالي جڳهه", "type": "string", "default": "5px" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] }}</includeonly> 316guyufac8nffj8zjr9dtwajlmb6gh 375499 375483 2026-05-02T21:05:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 375499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Markup/styles.css}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي آخر ۾ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو. --> {{TOC right |limit=2}} هي سانچو مارڪ اپ يا ڪوڊ کي، ان جي ڏيکاريل نتيجي سان گڏ، پاسو بہ پاسو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ == استعمال == {{Template link|Markup}} جي دليلن جو هر جوڙو ڪنهن [[وڪي ٽيڪسٽ]] مارڪ اپ جون ٻه ڪاپيون هئڻ گهرجن، جن مان پهرين ڪاپي {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگن ۾ بند هجي۔ هي سانچو نتيجو ٻن ڪالمن ۾ ڏيکاري ٿو: پهريون ڪالم مارڪ اپ ڏيکاري ٿو ۽ ٻيو ڪالم ڏيکاري ٿو ته اهو ڪيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو۔ هي سانچو وڌ ۾ وڌ 40 اڻنالا پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان وڌ ۾ وڌ 20 قطارون مثالن جون ٺهي سگهن ٿيون۔ هي: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup|<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''}} </syntaxhighlight> هي پيدا ڪري ٿو: {{markup|<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''}} گهڻين حالتن ۾ ٻنهي ڪالمن لاءِ مارڪ اپ ساڳيو هوندو آهي، پر ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهو مختلف رکڻ جي ضرورت پئجي سگهي ٿي۔ جيڪڏهن هي مسئلا لاڳو نه ٿين، ته توهان {{Template link with subst|mra}} استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا، جنهن سان ڪوڊ ٻه ڀيرا نقل ڪرڻ کان بچي سگهجي ٿو۔ * سرخي وارو مارڪ اپ، جهڙوڪ {{code|1===}}، صفحي جي فهرستِ مواد ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو؛ ان کان بچڻ لاءِ ٻئي ڪالم جي مارڪ اپ ۾ {{Template link expanded|fake heading}} استعمال ڪريو (هيٺ [[#هڪ پيچيده مثال|مثال]] ڏسو)۔ * ڪجهه سانچا صفحي کي سار سنڀال واري زمري ۾ وجهي ڇڏيندا، جيڪو عام طور ناپسنديده هوندو آهي۔ * ڪجهه سانچن ۾ غلطي جاچ هوندي آهي جيڪا صفحي کي سار سنڀال واري زمري ۾ وجهي سگهي ٿي۔ ** <s>{{cs1}} سانچا غلطي سان: ٻئي ڪالم واري سانچي ۾ {{para|template doc demo|true}} شامل ڪريو۔</s> ** هن کان ۽ لاڳاپيل ڳاڙهن غلطي پيغامن کان بچڻ لاءِ پڪ ڪريو ته صفحي تي هر مثال مختلف ماخذ استعمال ڪري ٿو۔ * HTML اينٽيٽيز پهرين سيل ۾ به پارس ٿين ٿيون، ڀلي {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ استعمال ٿيل هجن۔ هن کان بچڻ لاءِ پهرئين ڪالم ۾ <code>&</code> کي <code>&amp;amp;</code> سان بدلايو (هيٺ [[#HTML اينٽيٽيز سان|مثال]] ڏسو)۔ مشورو آهي ته مارڪ اپ جون ٻئي ڪاپيون [[نئين سٽ]] سان شروع ڪيون وڃن؛ اهو تڏهن ضروري آهي جڏهن مارڪ اپ جي پهرين سٽ نئين سٽ کان شروع ٿيڻ گهرجي، جهڙوڪ #، * يا ;۔ == مثال == === گهڻيون قطارون === {{markup |<nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن''' |<nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن'' |<nowiki>[[اندروني ڳنڍ]]</nowiki>|[[اندروني ڳنڍ]] |<nowiki> {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} </nowiki>| {{cite book|ref=none|last=Smith|year=2021|title=Smith's book}} |<nowiki> <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> </nowiki>| <score>\relative c' { c( b~ c b c b c b c~ c)}</score> }} === ڪسٽم عنوان ۽ ڪالمن جي سرخين سان === {{Markup | title=وڪيپيڊيا ۾ لومڙن ۽ ڪتن بابت ڪيئن لکجي۔ |t1=هي وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ۾ لکو|t2=۽ هي مضمون ۾ ظاهر ٿيندو۔ | چست ڀورو [[لومڙ]] سست [[ڪتو|ڪتي]] مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔ | چست ڀورو [[لومڙ]] سست [[ڪتو|ڪتي]] مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔ }} === هڪ پيچيده مثال === هن مثال ۾، {{template link interwiki|Markup}} جو ٻيو دليل هتي {{template link interwiki|fake heading}} استعمال ڪري ٿو (ته جيئن سرخيون فهرستِ مواد ۾ ظاهر نه ٿين) ۽ {{template link interwiki|fake citation needed}} استعمال ڪري ٿو (ته جيئن هي صفحو سار سنڀال واري فهرست ۾ شامل نه ٿئي)۔ {{Markup | <nowiki>چست ڀورو لومڙ سست ڪتي مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ حاشيو.<ref>حاشيي لاءِ هڪ حوالو.</ref>|group=nb}} ڳئون چنڊ مٿان ٽپو ڏنو۔{{fact}} == نوٽس == {{reflist|group=nb}} == حوالا == {{reflist}} </nowiki> | چست ڀورو لومڙ سست ڪتي مٿان ٽپو ڏئي ٿو۔{{#tag:ref|هڪ حاشيو.<ref>حاشيي لاءِ هڪ حوالو.</ref>|group=nb}} ڳئون چنڊ مٿان ٽپو ڏنو۔{{fake citation needed}} {{fake heading|sub=2|نوٽس}} {{reflist|group=nb}} {{fake heading|sub=2|حوالا}} {{reflist|close}} }} === HTML اينٽيٽيز سان === HTML اينٽيٽيز مارڪ اپ سيل ۾ پارس ٿين ٿيون۔ هن کان بچڻ لاءِ، پهرئين ڪالم ۾ <code>&</code> کي <code>&amp;amp;</code> سان بدلايو۔ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Markup| <nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki> | &ndash;}} </syntaxhighlight> هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{Markup| <nowiki>&amp;ndash;</nowiki> | &ndash;}} === نشانن "|" ۽ "=" سان === جيڪڏهن مارڪ اپ ۾ [[نشان]] <code>[[عمودي بار{{!}}|]]</code> يا <code>[[برابر نشان|=]]</code> هجن، ته انهن کي [[مدد:جادوئي لفظ#ٻيا|جادوئي لفظن]] <code>[[:mw:Help:Magic_words#Other|<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>]]</code> يا <code>[[:mw:Help:Magic_words#Other|<nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki>]]</code> سان بدلائڻو پوندو۔ ٻي صورت ۾ اهي Template:Markup لاءِ پاڻ پيراميٽرن جي جدا ڪندڙ يا پيراميٽر نالي ۽ قيمت جي وچ واري نشان طور سمجھيا ويندا! مثال طور: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup |<nowiki>use <code>|lang = en</code></nowiki> |use <code>{{!}}lang {{=}} en</code> }} </syntaxhighlight> جيڪو هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{markup |<nowiki>use <code>|lang = en</code></nowiki> |use <code>{{!}}lang {{=}} en</code> }} === وڌيڪ مثال === {{Markup|<nowiki> {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} </nowiki>| {{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}} |<nowiki> {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} </nowiki>| {{code|lang=html|{{cite book |last=White |first=T. H. |title=The Book of Merlyn |year=1977}}}} }} == ٽائپنگ مدد: سانچو {{Template link|mra}} == {{Template link|mra}} ماخذ متن پاڻمرادو نقل ڪندو، جنهن سان توهان کي متن نقل ڪرڻ ۽ پهرئين صورت ۾ {{xtag|nowiki}} ٽيگ شامل ڪرڻ جي تڪليف کان بچاءُ ٿيندو۔ هي: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:mra|'''ٿلهو متن'''|''اٽيلڪ متن''}}</syntaxhighlight> هي پيدا ڪندو: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{markup| <nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''| <nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن''}} </syntaxhighlight> جيڪو هيئن ظاهر ٿئي ٿو: {{markup| <nowiki>'''ٿلهو متن'''</nowiki>|'''ٿلهو متن'''| <nowiki>''اٽيلڪ متن''</nowiki>|''اٽيلڪ متن''}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{Template link|Markup HTML Rendered}} ٽن ڪالمن واري وڪي ٽيڪسٽ، HTML، ۽ ڏيکاريل نتيجي لاءِ * {{Template link|Markup2}} بليٽ ۽ اندر ٿيل مارڪ اپ لاءِ۔ * {{Template link|Markupv}} مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ ۽ ان جي نتيجي جي عمودي پيشڪش لاءِ۔ * {{Template link|Automarkup}} ۾ ڪوڊ جا نمونا ٻه ڀيرا لکڻ جي ضرورت ناهي۔ == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": " ", "paramOrder": [ "margin-left", "width", "style", "noheaders", "title", "tag", "colheaderstyle", "col1headerstyle", "col1", "col2headerstyle", "col2", "col1style", "col2style", "codestyle", "outputstyle", "padding", "1", "2", "3", "4", "39", "40" ], "params": { "1": { "description": "قطار 1، پهريون ڪالم (مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ) جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "2": { "description": "قطار 1، ٻيو ڪالم (نتيجو) جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "3": { "description": "قطار 2، پهرئين ڪالم جو مواد وغيره۔", "type": "string" }, "4": { "description": "قطار 2، ٻئي ڪالم جو مواد وغيره۔", "type": "string" }, "39": { "description": "آخري ممڪن قطار ۾ پهرئين ڪالم جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "40": { "description": "آخري ممڪن قطار ۾ ٻئي ڪالم جو مواد۔", "type": "string" }, "width": { "description": "ٽيبل جي مجموعي ويڪر مقرر ڪرڻ لاءِ۔", "type": "string", "default": "auto" }, "margin-left": { "description": "ٽيبل جي کاٻي پاسي مارجن مقرر ڪرڻ لاءِ۔", "type": "string", "default": "0" }, "style": { "description": "ٽيبل جي مجموعي ڏيک کي تبديل ڪندڙ CSS اندازن لاءِ۔", "type": "string" }, "title": { "description": "ٽيبل کان مٿي عنوان۔", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "tag": { "description": "مارڪ اپ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندڙ ٽيگ۔ ڊفالٽ pre آهي ۽ syntaxhighlight صرف متن جي هڪ قطار سان ڪم ڪري ٿو۔", "type": "string", "default": "pre", "suggestedvalues": [ "pre", "syntaxhighlight" ] }, "noheaders": { "description": "مثال طور noheaders=on رکڻ سان ڪالمن جون سرخيون ۽ ٽيبل جو عنوان لڪايو وڃي ٿو۔", "type": "string" }, "col1": { "description": "پهرئين ڪالم (مارڪ اپ/ڪوڊ) جي سرخي۔", "type": "string", "default": "\"مارڪ اپ\"" }, "col2": { "description": "ٻئي ڪالم (نتيجو) جي سرخي۔", "type": "string", "default": "\"ڏيکاريل نتيجو\"" }, "codestyle": { "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم جي متن جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "aliases": [ "markupstyle" ], "label": "مارڪ اپ متن جو انداز", "example": "white-space: nowrap;" }, "outputstyle": { "description": "ڏيکاريل نتيجي واري ڪالم جي متن جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز ڪوڊ استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "label": "نتيجي متن جو انداز", "example": "white-space: nowrap;" }, "col1headerstyle": { "description": "پهرئين ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔ colheaderstyle مٿان غالب ٿيندو، پر ان کي بدلائيندو نه۔", "type": "string" }, "col2headerstyle": { "description": "ٻئي ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔ colheaderstyle مٿان غالب ٿيندو، پر ان کي بدلائيندو نه۔", "type": "string" }, "colheaderstyle": { "description": "هر ڪالم جي سرخي جي ڏيک بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز۔", "type": "string" }, "col1style": { "label": "ڪالم 1 جو انداز", "description": "مارڪ اپ ڪالم جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز، مثال طور ڪالم جي ويڪر۔", "example": "width:20em;", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "col2style": { "label": "ڪالم 2 جو انداز", "description": "نتيجي واري ڪالم جي ڏيک کي بدلائڻ لاءِ CSS انداز، مثال طور پس منظر جو رنگ۔", "example": "background-color:#fff;", "type": "string", "default": "none" }, "padding": { "description": "هر سيل اندر خالي جڳهه", "type": "string", "default": "5px" } } } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other| | <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن لڪير کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:دستاويزي مدد سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچو نيم اسپيس سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جا ٽيسٽ ڪيس]] }}</includeonly> aj5b6n83ry3tz9pxy93jiyhs5err59k 10 95937 375484 2026-05-02T20:19:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- Subst of {{Tl2}} follows --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{sister|}}} | {{{sister}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ns:Template }}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{5|}}} | &#124;{{{5}}} }}{{ safesub... 375484 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Subst of {{Tl2}} follows --><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{sister|}}} | {{{sister}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{lang|}}} | {{{lang}}}: }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>ns:Template }}:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{2|}}} | &#124;{{{2}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{3|}}} | &#124;{{{3}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{4|}}} | &#124;{{{4}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{5|}}} | &#124;{{{5}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{6|}}} | &#124;{{{6}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{7|}}} | &#124;{{{7}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{8|}}} | &#124;{{{8}}} }}{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{{9|}}} | &#124;{{{9}}} }}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code><!-- Subst of {{Tl2}} ends --><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> g6ixa9hqm3w0rxrxtr6jh0f5358le12 10 95938 375486 2026-05-02T20:28:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{high-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- ھن لڪير کان ھيٺ سانچي جي دستاويز ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{lua|Module:String}} هي سانچو سادو لوپ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو [[ماڊيول:String]] تي ٻڌل آهي، ۽ ان جي ورجائن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ == استعمال == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{loop|ورجائڻ جو تعداد|متن}}</syntaxhighlight>... 375486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- ھن لڪير کان ھيٺ سانچي جي دستاويز ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{lua|Module:String}} هي سانچو سادو لوپ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو [[ماڊيول:String]] تي ٻڌل آهي، ۽ ان جي ورجائن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ == استعمال == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{loop|ورجائڻ جو تعداد|متن}}</syntaxhighlight> جيڪڏهن '''متن''' ۾ برابر نشان هجي، ته "|string" بدران "|2=string" لکڻو پوندو۔ == مثال == {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|4|n}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|4|n}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|25|test me}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|25|test me}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#expr:2{{loop|50|*2}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{#expr:2{{loop|50|*2}}}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|{{#expr:7*2}}|&nbsp; '''MUDA}}!</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|{{#expr:7*2}}|&nbsp; '''MUDA}}! |} جڏهن ورجايو ويندڙ متن "=" شامل ڪري، ته ٻئي پيراميٽر کان اڳ "<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>2=</syntaxhighlight>" لڳائڻو پوندو، يا {{tl|1==}} استعمال ڪرڻو پوندو۔ {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|9|2==}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|9|2==}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|9|{{=}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|9|{{=}}}} |} چوڌاري موجود خالي جڳهه هميشه ختم ڪئي ويندي آهي؛ ان کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ بدران {{ml|string|rep|section=#rep}} استعمال ڪريو۔ {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:String|rep| hello |3}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{#invoke:String|rep| hello |3}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|3| hello }}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|3| hello }} |} == Template data == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو ورجايل متن جو سادو لوپ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "عدد", "description": "ورجائڻ جو تعداد", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "متن", "description": "اهو متن جيڪو ورجايو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن متن ۾ برابر نشان هجي ته {{=}} استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "required": true } } } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == *{{lt|For loop}} *{{lt|Simple recursion}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءَ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> sszzu8s3qu28k4sui6xxjb2ek28nxjn 375487 375486 2026-05-02T20:29:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 375487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-use}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- ھن لڪير کان ھيٺ سانچي جي دستاويز ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{lua|Module:String}} هي سانچو سادو لوپ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ اهو [[ماڊيول:String]] تي ٻڌل آهي، ۽ ان جي ورجائن جي تعداد تي ڪا حد ناهي۔ == استعمال == <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{loop|ورجائڻ جو تعداد|متن}}</syntaxhighlight> جيڪڏهن '''متن''' ۾ برابر نشان هجي، ته "|string" بدران "|2=string" لکڻو پوندو۔ == مثال == {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|4|n}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|4|n}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|25|test me}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|25|test me}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#expr:2{{loop|50|*2}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{#expr:2{{loop|50|*2}}}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|3|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|{{#expr:7*2}}|&nbsp; '''MUDA}}!</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|{{#expr:7*2}}|&nbsp; '''MUDA}}! |} جڏهن ورجايو ويندڙ متن "=" شامل ڪري، ته ٻئي پيراميٽر کان اڳ "<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>2=</syntaxhighlight>" لڳائڻو پوندو، يا {{tl|1==}} استعمال ڪرڻو پوندو۔ {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|9|2==}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|9|2==}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|9|{{=}}}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|9|{{=}}}} |} چوڌاري موجود خالي جڳهه هميشه ختم ڪئي ويندي آهي؛ ان کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ بدران {{ml|string|rep|section=#rep}} استعمال ڪريو۔ {|class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ ! نتيجو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#invoke:String|rep| hello |3}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{#invoke:String|rep| hello |3}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{loop|3| hello }}</syntaxhighlight> | {{loop|3| hello }} |} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو ورجايل متن جو سادو لوپ ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔", "params": { "1": { "label": "عدد", "description": "ورجائڻ جو تعداد", "type": "number", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "متن", "description": "اهو متن جيڪو ورجايو ويندو۔ جيڪڏهن متن ۾ برابر نشان هجي ته {{=}} استعمال ڪريو۔", "type": "string", "required": true } } } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == *{{lt|For loop}} *{{lt|Simple recursion}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ورجاءَ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> tlh8ys8pkmoges5cavpxtnnixre2pcs 10 95939 375492 2026-05-02T20:44:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{Twinkle standard installation}}<!-- XFD/CSD/PROD لاگز ۾ پيراگراف وقفي جي نمائندگي لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو --> {{Template shortcut|pb|parabr|paragraph}} == استعمال == هي سانچو "بصري پيراگراف وقفو" پيدا ڪري ٿو، هيٺين خالي ٽيگ جوڙي شامل ڪري: {{tag|div|attribs=class="paragraphbreak"|content=}} مثال: {{block indent|{{xt|Lo... 375492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{used in system}} {{Twinkle standard installation}}<!-- XFD/CSD/PROD لاگز ۾ پيراگراف وقفي جي نمائندگي لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو --> {{Template shortcut|pb|parabr|paragraph}} == استعمال == هي سانچو "بصري پيراگراف وقفو" پيدا ڪري ٿو، هيٺين خالي ٽيگ جوڙي شامل ڪري: {{tag|div|attribs=class="paragraphbreak"|content=}} مثال: {{block indent|{{xt|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.<nowiki>{{paragraph break}}</nowiki>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}}}} نتيجو: {{block indent|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.{{paragraph break}}Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.}} بهترين نتيجن لاءِ، هن سانچي کي ساڳئي لائين ۾ استعمال ڪريو (مٿي ڏيکاريل نموني مطابق؛ سانچي کان پوءِ هٿ سان نئين لائين شامل نه ڪريو). هٿ سان نئين لائين شامل ڪرڻ سان ڪجهه حالتن ۾ [[وڪيپيڊيا:Linter (لنٽر)]] غلطيون ٿي سگهن ٿيون، مثال طور جڏهن اهو بلاڪ : يا * مارڪ اپ سان اندر داخل ٿيل هجي۔ == مقصد == ڪجهه حالتن ۾، صرف نئين لائينن سان پيراگراف وقفو ٺاهڻ ممڪن نه هوندو آهي، مثال طور فهرستن جي شيون اندر يا حوالن ۾۔ بهرحال، {{code|lang=html|code=<p>}} ٽيگ استعمال ڪرڻ سان اسڪرين ريڊر (پڙهندڙ اوزار) جي نيويگيشن ۾ مسئلا پيدا ٿي سگهن ٿا، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهي ٽيگ عام متن جي پيراگرافن کي الڳ ڪرڻ لاءِ هوندا آهن (ڏسو [[MOS:INDENTGAP]])۔ هي سانچو گهڻو ڪري فوٽن نوٽس (حاشين) ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جتي بصري وقفو گهربل هجي بغير نئين نيويگيشن پوائنٽ شامل ڪرڻ جي۔ == مثال 1 == هيٺين حوالو ڪيترن لائينن لاءِ سادي لائين بريڪ استعمال ڪري ٿو:<ref>Paragraph 1a Paragraph 1b</ref> هي حوالو پيراگراف وقفي لاءِ سانچو استعمال ڪري ٿو:<ref>Paragraph 2a{{paragraph break}}Paragraph 2b</ref> هي حوالو {{code|lang=html|code=<br />}} ٽيگ استعمال ڪري ٿو:<ref>Line 3a<br />Line 3b</ref> '''نوٽس''' {{reflist}} هي ڪوڊ سان ٺهيو: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> 1. <ref>Paragraph 1a Paragraph 1b</ref> 2. <ref>Paragraph 2a{{paragraph break}}Paragraph 2b</ref> 3. <ref>Line 3a<br />Line 3b</ref> </syntaxhighlight> == مثال 2 == هيٺين فهرست تي غور ڪريو: # Paragraph 1a {{paragraph break}} Paragraph 1b # Paragraph 2 هي ڪوڊ سان ٺهيو: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> # Paragraph 1a {{paragraph break}} Paragraph 1b # Paragraph 2 </syntaxhighlight> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{t|i*}} — جڏهن ذيلي فهرست هجي * {{tl|Break}} — ان لائن استعمال لاءِ == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "هڪ \"بصري پيراگراف وقفو\" پيدا ڪري ٿو." } </templatedata> <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو: --> [[زمرو:ٽائپنگ مددگار سانچا]] [[زمرو:بلاڪ وقفو سانچا]] }}</includeonly> h35vb40c2k3h5imc5pw7ilqezpy084x 10 95940 375494 2026-05-02T20:55:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- هن لائين کان هيٺ سانچي جي دستاويز ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{high-use| 15791 }} {{lua|Module:Pagelist}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو صفحن جي ڪڙين (لنڪس) جي ڪاما سان جدا ٿيل فهرست ٺاهي ٿو۔ فهرست جي آخري ٻن صفحن جي وچ ۾ ڪاما بدران "۽" استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ فهرست ۾ ڪنهن به تعداد ۾ صفحا شامل ڪري... 375494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- هن لائين کان هيٺ سانچي جي دستاويز ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{high-use| 15791 }} {{lua|Module:Pagelist}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو صفحن جي ڪڙين (لنڪس) جي ڪاما سان جدا ٿيل فهرست ٺاهي ٿو۔ فهرست جي آخري ٻن صفحن جي وچ ۾ ڪاما بدران "۽" استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ فهرست ۾ ڪنهن به تعداد ۾ صفحا شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا۔ هڪ اختياري <code>'''''nspace'''''</code> پيراميٽر ڏئي سگهجي ٿو، جيڪو سڀني ڪڙين لاءِ نيم اسپيس مهيا ڪري ٿو۔ ٻيا ٻه اختياري پيراميٽر به موجود آهن، جيڪي صفحن جي ڪڙين جي صورت بندي لاءِ استعمال ٿين ٿا۔ جيڪڏهن <code>'''delim'''</code> پيراميٽر ڏنو وڃي ته اهو هر صفحي جي نالي کان اڳ ۽ پوءِ شامل ٿيندو۔ اختياري طور <code>'''edelim'''</code> پيراميٽر صفحي جي نالي جي آخر لاءِ جدا ڪندڙ مهيا ڪري سگهي ٿو—اهڙي حالت ۾ <code>'''delim'''</code> صرف شروعات ۾ لاڳو ٿيندو۔ هڪ ڪسٽم جدا ڪندڙ (ڪاما بدران) <code>'''separator'''</code> پيراميٽر سان مقرر ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ اهڙي طرح آخري ٻن شين جي وچ ۾ "۽" بدران ٻيو لفظ ڏيڻ لاءِ <code>'''conjunction'''</code> پيراميٽر استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو۔ ٻنهي پيراميٽرن لاءِ ڪجهه خاص قدر به موجود آهن جيڪي استعمال ڪندڙ جي ٻولي سيٽنگ مطابق خودڪار جدا ڪندڙ استعمال ڪن ٿا: <code>''dot''</code> (<code>{{int:dot-separator}}</code>)، <code>''pipe''</code> (<code>{{int:pipe-separator}}</code>)، <code>''comma''</code> (<code>{{int:comma-separator}}</code>)، يا <code>''tpt-languages''</code> (<code>{{int:tpt-languages-separator}}</code>)۔ هي سانچو گهڻو ڪري ٻين سانچن اندر استعمال ٿيندو آهي جيڪي متغير تعداد ۾ صفحن جا نالا وٺن ٿا (وڌ ۾ وڌ 20 صفحا)۔ مثال طور، صفحي جا پيراميٽر <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{{1}}}</syntaxhighlight>–<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{{10}}}</syntaxhighlight> هن طرح موڪليا وڃن: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{pagelist|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{{3|}}}|{{{4|}}}|{{{5|}}}|{{{6|}}}|{{{7|}}}|{{{8|}}}|{{{9|}}}|{{{10|}}}}}</syntaxhighlight>۔ جيڪي پيراميٽر نه ڏنا ويا هجن، اهي خالي طور موڪليا ويندا ۽ فهرست ۾ ظاهر نه ٿيندا۔ ===مثال=== {| class="wikitable" ! هي لکو !! هي حاصل ڪريو |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|nspace=Template|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|nspace=Template|X1|X2|X3|X4|X5}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;&amp;#32;}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|separator=;&#32;}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=or}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=or}} |- | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=&amp;#32;or&amp;#32;}}</syntaxhighlight> | {{Pagelist|X1|X2|X3|conjunction=&#32;or&#32;}} |} == پيراميٽر == {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "params": { "nspace": { "label": "نيم اسپيس", "description": "اهو نيم اسپيس جنهن ۾ صفحا موجود آهن، بغير آخري ڪولن (\":\") جي۔ مثال: \"Template\"", "example": "Template", "type": "string" }, "delim": { "label": "شروعاتي جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "هر صفحي جي نالي کان اڳ لڳائڻ لاءِ وڪي ڪوڊ۔", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "edelim": { "label": "اختتامي جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "هر صفحي جي نالي کان پوءِ لڳائڻ لاءِ وڪي ڪوڊ۔", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "separator": { "label": "جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "صفحن جي وچ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ نشان (آخري ٻن کان سواءِ)۔", "example": ";", "type": "string" }, "conjunction": { "label": "واسطو ڏيندڙ لفظ", "description": "آخري ٻن شين جي وچ ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ لفظ (ڊفالٽ: \"۽\")", "example": "يا", "type": "string" }, "1": { "label": "صفحو 1", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "2": { "label": "صفحو 2", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "3": { "label": "صفحو 3", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "4": { "label": "صفحو 4", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "5": { "label": "صفحو 5", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "6": { "label": "صفحو 6", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "7": { "label": "صفحو 7", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "8": { "label": "صفحو 8", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "9": { "label": "صفحو 9", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" }, "10": { "label": "صفحو 10", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" } }, "format": "inline", "description": "هي سانچو ڪاما سان جدا ٿيل صفحن جي فهرست ٺاهي ٿو، جتي آخري ٻن جي وچ ۾ \"۽\" استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Catlist}} — زمرا جي فهرست لاءِ * {{tl|Comma separated entries}} * {{tl|Catalog lookup link}} * {{tl|Enum}} — اهڙو سانچو جيڪو وڪي لنڪ استعمال نٿو ڪري <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ان لائن فهرست فارميٽنگ سانچا]] [[زمرو:اندروني ڳنڍڻ وارا سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽر وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> l5zozdzndlmoueviny8opybbs61ga7m 828 95941 375495 2026-05-02T20:57:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local p = {} local separators = { dot = true, pipe = true, comma = true, ['tpt-languages'] = true } local function getSeparator(sep) if type(sep) ~= 'string' then return nil end if separators[sep] then return mw.message.new(sep .. '-separator'):plain() else return sep end end local function generateLink(page, nspace, delim, endDelim) if not page then return nil end delim = delim or '' endDelim = endDelim or delim nspace = nspace or '' local outSt... 375495 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local separators = { dot = true, pipe = true, comma = true, ['tpt-languages'] = true } local function getSeparator(sep) if type(sep) ~= 'string' then return nil end if separators[sep] then return mw.message.new(sep .. '-separator'):plain() else return sep end end local function generateLink(page, nspace, delim, endDelim) if not page then return nil end delim = delim or '' endDelim = endDelim or delim nspace = nspace or '' local outStr = mw.ustring.gsub( string.format( '%s[[:%s:%s|%s]]%s', delim, nspace, page, page, endDelim ), ':+', ':' ) return outStr end function p._main(args) local t = {} local separator = getSeparator(args.separator) local conjunction = getSeparator(args.conjunction) for i, v in ipairs(args) do table.insert(t, generateLink( v, args.nspace, args.delim, args.edelim )) end return mw.text.listToText(t, separator, conjunction) end function p.main(frame) local origArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, { trim = false, removeBlanks = false, wrappers = 'Template:Pagelist' }) -- Process integer args. Allow for explicit positional arguments that are -- specified out of order, e.g. {{br separated entries|3=entry3}}. -- After processing, the args can be accessed accurately from ipairs. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do if type(k) == 'number' and k >= 1 and math.floor(k) == k and string.match(v, '%S') then -- Remove blank or whitespace values. table.insert(args, k) end end table.sort(args) for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = origArgs[v] -- Trim whitespace. if type(args[i]) == 'string' then args[i] = mw.text.trim(args[i]) end end -- Get old named args. We don't need to remove blank values -- as for the nspace and edelim parameters the behaviour is different -- depending on whether the parameters are blank or absent, and for -- the delim parameter the default should be the blank string anyway. args.delim = origArgs.delim args.edelim = origArgs.edelim args.nspace = origArgs.nspace -- Get new named args, "separator" and "conjunction", and strip blank values. if origArgs.separator and origArgs.separator ~= '' then args.separator = origArgs.separator end if origArgs.conjunction and origArgs.conjunction ~= '' then args.conjunction = origArgs.conjunction end return p._main(args) end return p t1f8m84fj4es5fibuhmxij2a6ggyi4c 828 95942 375496 2026-05-02T20:58:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{module rating|protected}} هي {{tl|pagelist}} جو لوا (Lua) تي ٻڌل عملدرآمد آهي۔ مهرباني ڪري تفصيل لاءِ سانچي وارو صفحو ڏسو۔ 375496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{module rating|protected}} هي {{tl|pagelist}} جو لوا (Lua) تي ٻڌل عملدرآمد آهي۔ مهرباني ڪري تفصيل لاءِ سانچي وارو صفحو ڏسو۔ 9hk6kny7ypjz0h2aqtoafckx0q0urf1 10 95943 375497 2026-05-02T21:01:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: [[{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> 375497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE|{{{1}}}}}]]<noinclude> {{doc}} </noinclude> t7r5bzcdcbdl9atfr31s7oa4mkij4zb 10 95944 375498 2026-05-02T21:02:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} == استعمال == <code><nowiki>{{Link without disambiguator|Pipe (computing)}}</nowiki></code> → {{Link without disambiguator|Pipe (computing)}} هي سانچو [[مدد:pipe trick (پائپ ٽرڪ)]] جي ڪارڪردگي کي نقل ڪري ٿو، جيڪا ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ڪم نٿي ڪري۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|PAGENAMEBASE}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:اندروني ڳنڍڻ وارا سانچا]] }}</include... 375498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} == استعمال == <code><nowiki>{{Link without disambiguator|Pipe (computing)}}</nowiki></code> → {{Link without disambiguator|Pipe (computing)}} هي سانچو [[مدد:pipe trick (پائپ ٽرڪ)]] جي ڪارڪردگي کي نقل ڪري ٿو، جيڪا ڪجهه حالتن ۾ ڪم نٿي ڪري۔ == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|PAGENAMEBASE}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:اندروني ڳنڍڻ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> loh7lanu6c8qmv9leep46wyz554fuoq 10 95945 375500 2026-05-02T21:26:03Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:WikidataIB|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=مقامي تصوير ناهي پر وڪيڊيٽا تي تصوير موجود آهي}} هي سانچو ڪنهن به ديوتا، معبود يا افسانوي مذهبي شخصيت لاءِ استعم... 375500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:WikidataIB|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=مقامي تصوير ناهي پر وڪيڊيٽا تي تصوير موجود آهي}} هي سانچو ڪنهن به ديوتا، معبود يا افسانوي مذهبي شخصيت لاءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو جنهن جي پوڄا ڪنهن مذهب يا فرقي ۾ ڪئي وڃي ٿي۔ ٻين افسانوي ڪردارن لاءِ، مهرباني ڪري ٻيا سانچا استعمال ڪريو جهڙوڪ [[سانچو:Infobox mythical creature]] يا [[سانچو:Infobox character]]۔ == سڀ فيلڊ == {{Parameter names example| abode | abodes | adherents | affiliation | age | alt | alusi_of | animals | army | artefacts | artifacts | associate | battles | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | avatar_birth | avatar_end | Canaanite_equivalent | canaanite_equivalent | caption | children | Christian_equivalent | christian_equivalent | color | colour | complexion | consort | consorts | cult_center | cult_centre | day | death_date | death_place | deity_of | Devanagari | devanagari | dynasty | ethnic_group | Etruscan_equivalent | etruscan_equivalent | equivalent1 | equivalent1_type | equivalent2 | equivalent2_type | equivalent3 | equivalent3_type | equivalent4 | equivalent4_type | equivalent5 | equivalent5_type | father | festivals | gender | god_of | Greek_equivalent | greek_equivalent | Aztec_equivalent | aztec_equivalent | Maya_equivalent | maya_equivalent | height | Hinduism_equivalent | hinduism_equivalent | Hindu_equivalent | hindu_equivalent | hiero | image | image_upright | mantra | member_of | moksha_date | moksha_place | mother | mount | name | Norse_equivalent | norse_equivalent | number | offspring | Old_Norse | old_norse | enemy | other_names | parents | planet | predecessor | region | Roman_equivalent | roman_equivalent | Manipuri_equivalent | manipuri_equivalent | indo-european_equivalent | Indo-european_equivalent | Albanian_equivalent | albanian_equivalent | Celtic_equivalent | celtic_equivalent | sacred_flower | Sanskrit_transliteration | sanskrit_transliteration | attributes | associated_deities | script | script_name | siblings | Slavic_equivalent | slavic_equivalent | spouse | successor | symbol | symbols | temple | temples | texts | tree | type | venerated_in | weapon | weapons | world }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = | name = | deity_of = <!-- يا god_of / Alusi_of --> | member_of = | image = | image_upright = | alt = <!-- تصوير لاءِ متبادل متن (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ALT]]) --> | caption = | other_names = | hiero = | old_norse = | devanagari = | sanskrit_transliteration = | script_name = | script = | venerated_in = | associate = <!-- يا affiliation --> | cult_centre = <!-- يا cult_center --> | predecessor = | successor = | abode = <!-- يا abodes --> | planet = <!-- يا world --> | mantra = | weapon = <!-- يا weapons --> | army = | battles = | artifacts = <!-- يا artefacts --> | animals = | symbol = <!-- يا symbols --> | adherents = | height = | age = | tree = | sacred_flower = | attributes = | enemy = | day = | complexion = <!-- يا color --> | number = | mount = | texts = | gender = | region = | ethnic_group = | temples = | festivals = | associated_deities = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | avatar_birth = | avatar_end = | parents = | siblings = | consort = <!-- يا consorts --> | offspring = <!-- يا children --> | dynasty = | Albanian_equivalent = | aztec_equivalent = | canaanite_equivalent = | Celtic_equivalent = | christian_equivalent = | egyptian_equivalent = | etruscan_equivalent = | greek_equivalent = | Hinduism_equivalent = | Indo-european_equivalent = | manipuri_equivalent = | maya_equivalent = | norse_equivalent = | roman_equivalent = | slavic_equivalent = | equivalent1_type = | equivalent1 = | equivalent2_type = | equivalent2 = | equivalent3_type = | equivalent3 = | equivalent4_type = | equivalent4 = | equivalent5_type = | equivalent5 = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == مثال == هندو ديوتا [[گڻيش (Ganesha)]] جي صفحي مان مثال (شايد پراڻو هجي) {{clear}} {{reflist}} == سانچو ڊيٽا == {{Collapse top|title=سانچو ڊيٽا}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "", "params": { "name": { "label": "نالو", "type": "string", "description": "مکيه سرخي ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نالو (ڊيفالٽ = صفحي جو نالو)" }, "image": { "label": "تصوير", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "شخصيت جي تصوير (File: لکڻ ضروري ناهي)" }, "type": { "label": "قسم", "description": "اهو مذهب جنهن ۾ ديوتا جي پوڄا ٿئي ٿي", "type": "string", "required": true } }, "format": "{{_\n| _ = _\n}}" } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} == رنگ وارو سانچو == جيڪڏهن “|type=” ۾ هيٺين مان ڪو قدر ڏنو وڃي ته رنگ [[سانچو:Infobox deity/color]] مان ورتا ويندا۔ == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == * [[زمرو:اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:type پيراميٽر کانسواءِ Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:اڻسڃاتل type سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] {{Religious infoboxes}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:هندومت جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:اگبو (Igbo) سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مصر جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مذهب ۽ عقيدي جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 0l8qeeorh0i23grhoelbqa4efkkuvd9 375501 375500 2026-05-02T21:30:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 375501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:WikidataIB|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=مقامي تصوير ناهي پر وڪيڊيٽا تي تصوير موجود آهي}} هي سانچو ڪنهن به ديوتا، معبود يا افسانوي مذهبي شخصيت لاءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو جنهن جي پوڄا ڪنهن مذهب يا فرقي ۾ ڪئي وڃي ٿي۔ ٻين افسانوي ڪردارن لاءِ، مهرباني ڪري ٻيا سانچا استعمال ڪريو جهڙوڪ [[سانچو:Infobox mythical creature]] يا [[سانچو:Infobox character]]۔ == سڀ فيلڊ == {{Parameter names example| abode | abodes | adherents | affiliation | age | alt | alusi_of | animals | army | artefacts | artifacts | associate | battles | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | avatar_birth | avatar_end | Canaanite_equivalent | canaanite_equivalent | caption | children | Christian_equivalent | christian_equivalent | color | colour | complexion | consort | consorts | cult_center | cult_centre | day | death_date | death_place | deity_of | Devanagari | devanagari | dynasty | ethnic_group | Etruscan_equivalent | etruscan_equivalent | equivalent1 | equivalent1_type | equivalent2 | equivalent2_type | equivalent3 | equivalent3_type | equivalent4 | equivalent4_type | equivalent5 | equivalent5_type | father | festivals | gender | god_of | Greek_equivalent | greek_equivalent | Aztec_equivalent | aztec_equivalent | Maya_equivalent | maya_equivalent | height | Hinduism_equivalent | hinduism_equivalent | Hindu_equivalent | hindu_equivalent | hiero | image | image_upright | mantra | member_of | moksha_date | moksha_place | mother | mount | name | Norse_equivalent | norse_equivalent | number | offspring | Old_Norse | old_norse | enemy | other_names | parents | planet | predecessor | region | Roman_equivalent | roman_equivalent | Manipuri_equivalent | manipuri_equivalent | indo-european_equivalent | Indo-european_equivalent | Albanian_equivalent | albanian_equivalent | Celtic_equivalent | celtic_equivalent | sacred_flower | Sanskrit_transliteration | sanskrit_transliteration | attributes | associated_deities | script | script_name | siblings | Slavic_equivalent | slavic_equivalent | spouse | successor | symbol | symbols | temple | temples | texts | tree | type | venerated_in | weapon | weapons | world }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = | name = | deity_of = <!-- يا god_of / Alusi_of --> | member_of = | image = | image_upright = | alt = <!-- تصوير لاءِ متبادل متن (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ALT]]) --> | caption = | other_names = | hiero = | old_norse = | devanagari = | sanskrit_transliteration = | script_name = | script = | venerated_in = | associate = <!-- يا affiliation --> | cult_centre = <!-- يا cult_center --> | predecessor = | successor = | abode = <!-- يا abodes --> | planet = <!-- يا world --> | mantra = | weapon = <!-- يا weapons --> | army = | battles = | artifacts = <!-- يا artefacts --> | animals = | symbol = <!-- يا symbols --> | adherents = | height = | age = | tree = | sacred_flower = | attributes = | enemy = | day = | complexion = <!-- يا color --> | number = | mount = | texts = | gender = | region = | ethnic_group = | temples = | festivals = | associated_deities = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | avatar_birth = | avatar_end = | parents = | siblings = | consort = <!-- يا consorts --> | offspring = <!-- يا children --> | dynasty = | Albanian_equivalent = | aztec_equivalent = | canaanite_equivalent = | Celtic_equivalent = | christian_equivalent = | egyptian_equivalent = | etruscan_equivalent = | greek_equivalent = | Hinduism_equivalent = | Indo-european_equivalent = | manipuri_equivalent = | maya_equivalent = | norse_equivalent = | roman_equivalent = | slavic_equivalent = | equivalent1_type = | equivalent1 = | equivalent2_type = | equivalent2 = | equivalent3_type = | equivalent3 = | equivalent4_type = | equivalent4 = | equivalent5_type = | equivalent5 = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==مثال== هندو ديوتا [[گڻيش]] جي صفحي مان انفوباڪس، جيڪو شايد هاڻي تازو نه هجي {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} {{reflist}} == سانچو ڊيٽا == {{Collapse top|title=سانچو ڊيٽا}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "", "params": { "name": { "label": "نالو", "type": "string", "description": "مکيه سرخي ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ نالو (ڊيفالٽ = صفحي جو نالو)" }, "image": { "label": "تصوير", "type": "wiki-file-name", "description": "شخصيت جي تصوير (File: لکڻ ضروري ناهي)" }, "type": { "label": "قسم", "description": "اهو مذهب جنهن ۾ ديوتا جي پوڄا ٿئي ٿي", "type": "string", "required": true } }, "format": "{{_\n| _ = _\n}}" } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} == رنگ وارو سانچو == جيڪڏهن “|type=” ۾ هيٺين مان ڪو قدر ڏنو وڃي ته رنگ [[سانچو:Infobox deity/color]] مان ورتا ويندا۔ == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == * [[زمرو:اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:type پيراميٽر کانسواءِ Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:اڻسڃاتل type سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] {{Religious infoboxes}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:هندومت جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:اگبو (Igbo) سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مصر جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مذهب ۽ عقيدي جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 67ccrkdgxcd6odtpltvpou34oc2c1zw 375502 375501 2026-05-02T21:32:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 375502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:WikidataIB|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=مقامي تصوير ناهي پر وڪيڊيٽا تي تصوير موجود آهي}} هي سانچو ڪنهن به ديوتا، معبود يا افسانوي مذهبي شخصيت لاءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو جنهن جي پوڄا ڪنهن مذهب يا فرقي ۾ ڪئي وڃي ٿي۔ ٻين افسانوي ڪردارن لاءِ، مهرباني ڪري ٻيا سانچا استعمال ڪريو جهڙوڪ [[سانچو:Infobox mythical creature]] يا [[سانچو:Infobox character]]۔ == سڀ فيلڊ == {{Parameter names example| abode | abodes | adherents | affiliation | age | alt | alusi_of | animals | army | artefacts | artifacts | associate | battles | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | avatar_birth | avatar_end | Canaanite_equivalent | canaanite_equivalent | caption | children | Christian_equivalent | christian_equivalent | color | colour | complexion | consort | consorts | cult_center | cult_centre | day | death_date | death_place | deity_of | Devanagari | devanagari | dynasty | ethnic_group | Etruscan_equivalent | etruscan_equivalent | equivalent1 | equivalent1_type | equivalent2 | equivalent2_type | equivalent3 | equivalent3_type | equivalent4 | equivalent4_type | equivalent5 | equivalent5_type | father | festivals | gender | god_of | Greek_equivalent | greek_equivalent | Aztec_equivalent | aztec_equivalent | Maya_equivalent | maya_equivalent | height | Hinduism_equivalent | hinduism_equivalent | Hindu_equivalent | hindu_equivalent | hiero | image | image_upright | mantra | member_of | moksha_date | moksha_place | mother | mount | name | Norse_equivalent | norse_equivalent | number | offspring | Old_Norse | old_norse | enemy | other_names | parents | planet | predecessor | region | Roman_equivalent | roman_equivalent | Manipuri_equivalent | manipuri_equivalent | indo-european_equivalent | Indo-european_equivalent | Albanian_equivalent | albanian_equivalent | Celtic_equivalent | celtic_equivalent | sacred_flower | Sanskrit_transliteration | sanskrit_transliteration | attributes | associated_deities | script | script_name | siblings | Slavic_equivalent | slavic_equivalent | spouse | successor | symbol | symbols | temple | temples | texts | tree | type | venerated_in | weapon | weapons | world }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = | name = | deity_of = <!-- يا god_of / Alusi_of --> | member_of = | image = | image_upright = | alt = <!-- تصوير لاءِ متبادل متن (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ALT]]) --> | caption = | other_names = | hiero = | old_norse = | devanagari = | sanskrit_transliteration = | script_name = | script = | venerated_in = | associate = <!-- يا affiliation --> | cult_centre = <!-- يا cult_center --> | predecessor = | successor = | abode = <!-- يا abodes --> | planet = <!-- يا world --> | mantra = | weapon = <!-- يا weapons --> | army = | battles = | artifacts = <!-- يا artefacts --> | animals = | symbol = <!-- يا symbols --> | adherents = | height = | age = | tree = | sacred_flower = | attributes = | enemy = | day = | complexion = <!-- يا color --> | number = | mount = | texts = | gender = | region = | ethnic_group = | temples = | festivals = | associated_deities = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | avatar_birth = | avatar_end = | parents = | siblings = | consort = <!-- يا consorts --> | offspring = <!-- يا children --> | dynasty = | Albanian_equivalent = | aztec_equivalent = | canaanite_equivalent = | Celtic_equivalent = | christian_equivalent = | egyptian_equivalent = | etruscan_equivalent = | greek_equivalent = | Hinduism_equivalent = | Indo-european_equivalent = | manipuri_equivalent = | maya_equivalent = | norse_equivalent = | roman_equivalent = | slavic_equivalent = | equivalent1_type = | equivalent1 = | equivalent2_type = | equivalent2 = | equivalent3_type = | equivalent3 = | equivalent4_type = | equivalent4 = | equivalent5_type = | equivalent5 = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==مثال== هندو ديوتا [[گڻيش]] جي صفحي مان انفوباڪس، جيڪو شايد هاڻي تازو نه هجي {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} {{reflist}} ==سانچو ڊيٽا== {{Collapse top|title=سانچو ڊيٽا}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "", "params": { "name": { "label": "نالو", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "ڪردار جو نالو جيڪو مٿين سرخي ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو (ڊفالٽ = PAGENAME)." }, "image": { "label": "تصوير", "type": "wiki-file-name", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "ڪردار جي تصوير۔ \"File:\" ۽ وڪي لنڪ ڏيڻ ضروري ناهي۔ مثال طور {{para|image|Example.png}} استعمال ڪريو۔" }, "image_upright": { "label": "تصوير جي اوچائي", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "تصوير جي ماپ ڊفالٽ طور فريم کانسواءِ (220px) هوندي آهي۔ ماپ اهڙي نه رکڻ گهرجي جنهن سان تصوير جي ويڪر 270px کان وڌيڪ ٿي وڃي۔ مناسب قدر طئي ڪرڻ لاءِ هيٺ ڏنل مدد ڏسو۔" }, "alt": { "label": "متبادل متن", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "تصوير لاءِ متبادل متن (ڏسو [[WP:MOSALT]])۔" }, "caption": { "label": "ڪيپشن", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "تصوير جي وضاحت ڪندڙ ڪيپشن۔" }, "type": { "label": "قسم", "description": "اهو مذهب جنهن ۾ ديوتا جي پوڄا ڪئي وڃي ٿي", "example": "هندو", "type": "string", "required": true }, "avatar_birth" : {}, "avatar_end": {}, "deity_of": {}, "god_of": {}, "alusi_of": {}, "member_of": {}, "qid": {}, "suppressfields": {}, "fetchwikidata": {}, "image_size": {}, "other_names": {}, "hiero": {}, "old_norse": {}, "script_name": {}, "script": {}, "venerated_in": {}, "associate": {}, "affiliation": {}, "cult_centre": {}, "cult_center": {}, "predecessor": {}, "successor": {}, "abode": {}, "abodes": {}, "planet": {}, "world": {}, "mantra": {}, "weapon": {}, "weapons": {}, "army": {}, "battles": {}, "artefacts": {}, "artifacts": {}, "animals": {}, "symbol": {}, "symbols": {}, "adherents": {}, "height": {}, "age": {}, "tree": {}, "day": {}, "complexion": {}, "colour": {}, "color": {}, "number": {}, "mount": {}, "texts": {}, "gender": {}, "region": {}, "ethnic_group": {}, "temples": {}, "temple": {}, "festivals": {}, "birth_name": {}, "birth_date": {}, "birth_place": {}, "death_date": {}, "death_place": {}, "spouse": {}, "children": {}, "father": {}, "mother": {}, "siblings": {}, "dynasty": {}, "birthname": {}, "moksha_date": {}, "moksha_place": {}, "parents": {}, "consort": {}, "consorts": {}, "offspring": {}, "greek_equivalent": {}, "roman_equivalent": {}, "norse_equivalent": {}, "etruscan_equivalent": {}, "christian_equivalent": {}, "slavic_equivalent": {}, "hinduism_equivalent": {}, "canaanite_equivalent": {}, "indo-european_equivalent": {}, "albanian_equivalent": {}, "celtic_equivalent": {}, "equivalent1": {}, "equivalent2": {}, "equivalent3": {}, "equivalent4": {}, "equivalent5": {}, "equivalent1_type": {}, "equivalent2_type": {}, "equivalent3_type": {}, "equivalent4_type": {}, "equivalent5_type": {}, "child": {}, "nocat_wdimage": {} }, "format": "{{_\n| _ = _\n}}" } </templatedata> {{Collapse bottom}} == رنگ وارو سانچو == جيڪڏهن “|type=” ۾ هيٺين مان ڪو قدر ڏنو وڃي ته رنگ [[سانچو:Infobox deity/color]] مان ورتا ويندا۔ == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == * [[زمرو:اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:type پيراميٽر کانسواءِ Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] * [[زمرو:اڻسڃاتل type سان Infobox deity استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا]] {{Religious infoboxes}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:هندومت جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:اگبو (Igbo) سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مصر جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:مذهب ۽ عقيدي جا انفوباڪس سانچا|Deity]] [[زمرو:ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪندڙ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 98wm563ipiyg0ot2xh1fq8vy89i2fux 375503 375502 2026-05-02T21:34:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* رنگ وارو سانچو */ 375503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا ھيٺ شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي ڊيٽا (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:WikidataIB|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} {{Tracks Wikidata|P18|cat=مقامي تصوير ناهي پر وڪيڊيٽا تي تصوير موجود آهي}} هي سانچو ڪنهن به ديوتا، معبود يا افسانوي مذهبي شخصيت لاءِ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو جنهن جي پوڄا ڪنهن مذهب يا فرقي ۾ ڪئي وڃي ٿي۔ ٻين افسانوي ڪردارن لاءِ، مهرباني ڪري ٻيا سانچا استعمال ڪريو جهڙوڪ [[سانچو:Infobox mythical creature]] يا [[سانچو:Infobox character]]۔ == سڀ فيلڊ == {{Parameter names example| abode | abodes | adherents | affiliation | age | alt | alusi_of | animals | army | artefacts | artifacts | associate | battles | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | birthname | avatar_birth | avatar_end | Canaanite_equivalent | canaanite_equivalent | caption | children | Christian_equivalent | christian_equivalent | color | colour | complexion | consort | consorts | cult_center | cult_centre | day | death_date | death_place | deity_of | Devanagari | devanagari | dynasty | ethnic_group | Etruscan_equivalent | etruscan_equivalent | equivalent1 | equivalent1_type | equivalent2 | equivalent2_type | equivalent3 | equivalent3_type | equivalent4 | equivalent4_type | equivalent5 | equivalent5_type | father | festivals | gender | god_of | Greek_equivalent | greek_equivalent | Aztec_equivalent | aztec_equivalent | Maya_equivalent | maya_equivalent | height | Hinduism_equivalent | hinduism_equivalent | Hindu_equivalent | hindu_equivalent | hiero | image | image_upright | mantra | member_of | moksha_date | moksha_place | mother | mount | name | Norse_equivalent | norse_equivalent | number | offspring | Old_Norse | old_norse | enemy | other_names | parents | planet | predecessor | region | Roman_equivalent | roman_equivalent | Manipuri_equivalent | manipuri_equivalent | indo-european_equivalent | Indo-european_equivalent | Albanian_equivalent | albanian_equivalent | Celtic_equivalent | celtic_equivalent | sacred_flower | Sanskrit_transliteration | sanskrit_transliteration | attributes | associated_deities | script | script_name | siblings | Slavic_equivalent | slavic_equivalent | spouse | successor | symbol | symbols | temple | temples | texts | tree | type | venerated_in | weapon | weapons | world }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = | name = | deity_of = <!-- يا god_of / Alusi_of --> | member_of = | image = | image_upright = | alt = <!-- تصوير لاءِ متبادل متن (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ALT]]) --> | caption = | other_names = | hiero = | old_norse = | devanagari = | sanskrit_transliteration = | script_name = | script = | venerated_in = | associate = <!-- يا affiliation --> | cult_centre = <!-- يا cult_center --> | predecessor = | successor = | abode = <!-- يا abodes --> | planet = <!-- يا world --> | mantra = | weapon = <!-- يا weapons --> | army = | battles = | artifacts = <!-- يا artefacts --> | animals = | symbol = <!-- يا symbols --> | adherents = | height = | age = | tree = | sacred_flower = | attributes = | enemy = | day = | complexion = <!-- يا color --> | number = | mount = | texts = | gender = | region = | ethnic_group = | temples = | festivals = | associated_deities = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | avatar_birth = | avatar_end = | parents = | siblings = | consort = <!-- يا consorts --> | offspring = <!-- يا children --> | dynasty = | Albanian_equivalent = | aztec_equivalent = | canaanite_equivalent = | Celtic_equivalent = | christian_equivalent = | egyptian_equivalent = | etruscan_equivalent = | greek_equivalent = | Hinduism_equivalent = | Indo-european_equivalent = | manipuri_equivalent = | maya_equivalent = | norse_equivalent = | roman_equivalent = | slavic_equivalent = | equivalent1_type = | equivalent1 = | equivalent2_type = | equivalent2 = | equivalent3_type = | equivalent3 = | equivalent4_type = | equivalent4 = | equivalent5_type = | equivalent5 = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==مثال== هندو ديوتا [[گڻيش]] جي صفحي مان انفوباڪس، جيڪو شايد هاڻي تازو نه هجي {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto"> {{Infobox deity | type = هندو | name = گڻيش | gender = مرد | father = [[شيوا]] | mother = [[پاروتي]] | siblings = [[ڪارتڪيا]] (ڀاءُ) | consort = [[گڻيش جون ساٿياڻيون#ٻڌي (حڪمت)|ٻڌي]]، [[ردڌي]] ۽ [[سدڌي]] يا ڪجهه روايتن ۾ [[برهمچريا|برهمچاري]] | deity_of = نون شروعاتن، حڪمت ۽ نصيب جو ديوتا؛ رڪاوٽن کي هٽائيندڙ{{Sfn|Heras|1972|p=58}}{{Sfn|Getty|1936|p= 5}}<br/> [[پربرهمن|اعليٰ هستي]] ([[گاناپتيا]]) | image = Ganesha_Basohli_miniature_circa_1730_Dubost_p73.jpg | caption = [[باسوهلي]] مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع۔ [[قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي]]<ref>"گڻيش پنهنجو ڪنول اڇلائڻ لاءِ تيار ٿي رهيو آهي۔ باسوهلي مينيئيچر، لڳ ڀڳ 1730ع، قومي عجائب گهر، نئين دهلي۔ {{IAST|Mudgalapurāṇa}} (VII, 70) ۾، خودپسندي جي ديو ({{IAST|Mamāsura}}) کي مارڻ لاءِ، جنهن مٿس حملو ڪيو هو، {{IAST|Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja}} پنهنجو ڪنول ان ڏانهن اڇلائي ٿو۔ الاهي گل جي خوشبو برداشت نه ڪري سگهڻ سبب، ديو {{IAST|Gaṇeśha}} آڏو سرينڊر ڪري ٿو۔" هن ڪم جي وضاحت جي اقتباس لاءِ ڏسو: {{Harvard citation no brackets|Martin-Dubost|1997|p=73}}.</ref> | alt = نارنگي ڌوتي پاتل، چار ٻانهن وارو هاٿي-سَر وارو مرد هڪ وڏي ڪنول تي ويٺو آهي۔ سندس جسم ڳاڙهي رنگ جو آهي ۽ هن مختلف سون جا هار ۽ ڪنگڻ پاتل آهن ۽ سندس ڳچيءَ ۾ هڪ نانگ آهي۔ سندس تاج جي ٽن چوٽين تي ڪنول جون ڪليون لڳل آهن۔ هو پنهنجي ٻن ساڄن هٿن ۾ مالها (هيٺيون هٿ) ۽ ٽن موڊڪن (گول پيلا مٺاين) سان ڀريل پيالو رکيل آهي؛ چوٿون موڊڪ سندس وريل سونڊ وٽ چکڻ لاءِ تيار آهي۔ پنهنجي ٻن کاٻن هٿن ۾، مٿئين هٿ ۾ ڪنول ۽ هيٺئين هٿ ۾ ڪهاڙو رکيل آهي، جنهن جو هٿو سندس ڪلهي سان لڳل آهي۔ | day = [[اڱارو]] يا [[اربع]]، [[سنڪشٽي چتورٿي]] | affiliation = | mantra = {{IAST|Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ<br/>Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ}} | abode = [[ڪيلاش]] (والدين سان گڏ) | weapon = {{hlist|[[پرشو|{{IAST|Paraśu}} (ڪهاڙو)]]|[[پاشا (هندومت)|{{IAST|pāśa}}]]|[[هاٿي هلائڻ وارو انڪش|{{IAST|aṅkuśa}} (هاٿي هلائڻ وارو اوزار)]]}} | mount = [[ڪوئو]] | symbols = {{hlist|[[اوم]]|[[موڊڪ]]}} | festivals = {{hlist|[[گڻيش چتورٿي]]|[[گڻيش جينتي]]}} | texts = {{hlist|''[[گڻيش پراڻ]]''|''[[مدگلا پراڻ]]''|''[[گڻپتي اٿروشيرشا]]''}} | equivalent1_type = جاپاني ٻڌ ڌرم | equivalent1 = [[ڪانگيتن]] | children = شڀ/ڪشيما ۽ لڀ (پٽ) | temple = [[اشٽو ونايڪ|اشٽو ونايڪ مندر، مهاراشٽر]] }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} {{reflist}} ==سانچو ڊيٽا== {{Collapse top|title=سانچو ڊيٽا}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "description": "", "params": { "name": { "label": "نالو", "type": "string", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "ڪردار جو نالو جيڪو مٿين سرخي ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو (ڊفالٽ = PAGENAME)." }, "image": { "label": "تصوير", "type": "wiki-file-name", "required": false, "suggested": false, "deprecated": false, "description": "ڪردار جي تصوير۔ 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'''#E6A23C''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Libyco-Berber religion|ها]] |— |- |Luwian (لوويان) |style="background-color:#000369;color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#000369''' |— |— |- |Mandaean (مندائي) |style="background-color:#ABABAB; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#ABABAB''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism footer|نه]] |- |Manichaean (مانيچين) |style="background-color:#D1A274;color:inherit;" | '''#D1A274''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism footer|ها]] |- |Mayan, Maya (مايا) |style="background-color:#50C578; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#50C578''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Maya religion|ها]] |— |- |Meitei (ميتي) |style="background-color:#330055; color: #F0FACF;" | '''#330055''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Meitei Myth footer|ها]] |- |Mesopotamian (ميسوپوٽيميا) |style="background-color:#228b22; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#228B22''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Mesopotamian myth|ها]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Middle Eastern mythology|نه]] |- |Muisca (موئسڪا) |style="background-color:#FFD500;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD500''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Muisca navbox|ها]] |- |Neopagan, Modern (جديد نوپاگن) |style="background-color:#C1C1C1;color:inherit;" | '''#C1C1C1''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Neopaganism|ها]] |- |Norse, Germanic (نورس، جرمنڪ) |style="background-color:#D6DBBE;color:inherit;" | '''#D6DBBE''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Norse paganism footer|ها]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Anglo-Saxon paganism|نه]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Germanic mythology|نه]] |- |Nubian (نوبيائي) |style="background-color:#F0E4AE;color:inherit;" | '''#F0E4AE''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion footer|ها]] |- |Ossetian (اوسيٽين) |style="background-color:#FFE8D0;color:inherit;" | '''#FFE8D0''' |— |— |- |Phillippine (فلپائني) |style="background-color:#F6E396;color:inherit;" | '''#F6E396''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology sidebar|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology|نه]] |- |Polynesian, Hawaiian (پولينيزين، هوائي) |style="background-color:#AFEEEE;color:inherit;" | '''#AFEEEE''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Polynesian mythology|ها]] |- |Roman (رومي) |style="background-color:#F0ACAC;color:inherit;" | '''#F0ACAC''' | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Ancient Roman religion sidebar|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Priesthoods of ancient Rome|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Roman religion|ها]] |- |Sarnaist (سرنائسٽ) |style="background-color:#B60000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B60000''' |— |— |- |Scythian (سٿين) |style="background-color:#00C700;color:inherit;" | '''#00C700''' |— |— |- |Sami, Sámi, Lapp (سامي) |style="background-color:#46B8B1;color:inherit;" | '''#46B8B1''' |— |— |- |Slavic (سلاويڪ) |style="background-color:#CD0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CD0000''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Slavic mythology|ها]] |- | Sogdian (سوگڊين) |style="background-color:#295A8A; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#295A8A''' |— |— |- | Taíno, Taino (تاينو) |style="background-color:#FAECC8;color:inherit;" | '''#FAECC8''' |— |— |- | Thai (ٿائي) |style="background-color:#FFEDED;color:inherit;" | '''#FFEDED''' |— |— |- |Turkic (ترڪڪ) |style="background-color:#00ABC2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00ABC2''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Turkic mythology|ها]] |— |- |Ugaritic (اوگارٽڪ) |style="background-color:#00817d; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00817D''' |— |— |- |Urartian (اورارٽين) |style="background-color:#0057AF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0057AF''' |— |— |- |Vietnamese (ويٽنامي) |style="background-color:#FF6060;color:inherit;" | '''#FF6060''' |— |— |- |Vodou, Voodoo, Haitian (ووڊو، هيتي) |style="background-color:#BFEAF9;color:inherit;" | '''#BFEAF9''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Afro-American Religions|ها]] |- |Welsh (ويلش) |style="background-color: #B30024; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B30024''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Welsh mythology|نه]] |- |Yazidi (يزيدي) |style="background-color: #FF8E1C;color:inherit;" | '''#FF8E1C''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Yazidis|نه]] |— |- |Yoruba (يوروبا) |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá|ها]] |- |Zoroastrian (زرتشتي) |style="background-color:#990955; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#990955''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism|ها]] |- |} ayw553z0fft52ukr5xwsr0et4z0fsiq 375505 375504 2026-05-02T22:01:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375505 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ديوتا جو قسم ۽ رنگ جو انداز !<nowiki>|type = داخل قدر</nowiki> !رنگ جو انداز (نڪرندڙ) !پاسي وارو سانچو ملندڙ؟ !هيٺيون سانچو ملندڙ؟ |- |اڪنظ |style="background-color:#FFD700;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD700''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اڪن موضوع|ها]] |- |البانيائي |style="background-color:#92FFDE;color:inherit;" | '''#92FFDE''' |— |— |- عربستاني |style="background-color:#CDC8B8;color:inherit;" | '''#CDC8B8''' |{{tick}} [[سانچو:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities|ها]] |— |- | آرمينيائي |style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:inherit;" | '''#FFFF00''' |— |— |- |آسٽريليائي |style="background-color:#EBA9EE;color:inherit;"|'''#EBA9EE''' |— |— |- |ازٽيڪ |style="background-color:#00A86B; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00A86B''' |— |{{Tick}} [[ازٽيڪ ديومالا|ها]] |- |بالٽڪ |style="background-color:#BBDDBB;color:inherit;" | '''#BBDDBB''' |{{Tick}} [[بالٽڪ مذھب|ها]] |— |- |بانتو |style="background-color:#BDFDFB;color:inherit;" | '''#BDFDFB''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:بانتو|ها]] |- |ٻڌ مت |style="background-color:#FFD068;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD068''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت جا موضوع|ها]] |- |ڪنعاني, فونيشيائي |style="background-color:#800080; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#800080''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:وچ اوڀر واري ديومالا|نه]] |- |ڪيلٽڪ |style="background-color:#CE8946; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CE8946''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالا|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالائي موضوع|نه]] |- |چيني |style="background-color:#C04851; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#C04851''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني لوڪ مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني ديومالا|ها]] |- |ايبلايٽ |style="background-color:#008113; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#008113''' |— |— |- |ايدو |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |— |— |- |مصري |style="background-color:#DECD87;color:inherit;" | '''#DECD87''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب فوٽر|ها]] |- |ايلامائي |style="background-color:#159E4F; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#159E4F''' |— |— |- |اٽرُسڪن |style="background-color:#F7E3CD;color:inherit;" | '''#F7E3CD''' |— |— |- |فننش، فِنڪ، ايسٽونين |style="background-color:#0000FF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0000FF''' |— |— |- |جارجيائي |style="background-color:#E97500;color:inherit;" | '''#E97500''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: جارجيائي ديومالا|نه]] |- |يوناني |style="background-color:#CEF2E0;color:inherit;" | '''#CEF2E0''' | *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديومالا پاسي پٽي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديوتا (نمفس)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پرسنيفڪيشن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:يوناني ديوتا (پريمارڊل)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (ٽائٽن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پاڻي)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني زير زمين دنيا|ها]] | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم يوناني مذھب ۽ ديومالا|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديومالا (ديوتائون)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:گائگينز|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻارھن اولمپيائي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:موسا|ها]] |- |گواراني، ٽوپين |style="background-color:#FF73FF;color:inherit;" | '''#FF73FF''' |— |— |- |هندو |style="background-color:#FFC569;color:inherit;" | '''#FFC569''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو ڌرم|ها]] |- |هٽي |style="background-color:#021AF2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#021AF2''' |— |— |- |هُرّيان |style="background-color:#4B539C; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#4B539C''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھريان ديومالا|ها]] |- |اِگبو |style="background-color:#ACE1AF;color:inherit;" | '''#ACE1AF''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊيناني سائيڊ بار|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊينالا|ها]] |- |اِنڪا، انڪن، اينڊين |style="background-color:#F3F300;color:inherit;"| '''#F3F300''' |— |— |- |انڊو-يورپي (هند-يورپي) |style="background-color:#006400; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#006400''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو :پورٽو انڊو يورپي ديومالا|ها]] |- |انڊونيشيائي، جاوائي |style="background-color:#FF0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#FF0000''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيائي ديومالا ۽ لڪ ڪٿائون|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيا جي ديومالا|نه]] |- |اينوئٽ |style="background-color:#FFDD99;color:inherit;" | '''#FFDD99''' |— |{{Tick}} [[اينوئٽ مذھب|ها]] |- |آئرش |style="background-color:#90DB90;color:inherit;" | '''#90DB90''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (mythological)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Fenian)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Ulster)|ها]] |- |Jain (جين) |style="background-color:#F5DEB3;color:inherit;" | '''#F5DEB3''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism topics|ها]] |- |Japanese, Shinto (جاپاني، شنٽو) |style="background-color:#A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#A12F25''' | {{Tick}} [[سانچو:Shinto|ها]] |— |- |Kongo (ڪانگو) |style="background-color:#E1BAE7;color:inherit;" | '''#E1BAE7''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion footer|ها]] |- |Libyco-Berber, Punic (ليبيڪو-بربر، پيونڪ) |style="background-color:#E6A23C;color:#FFFFFF;" | '''#E6A23C''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Libyco-Berber religion|ها]] |— |- |Luwian (لوويان) |style="background-color:#000369;color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#000369''' |— |— |- |Mandaean (مندائي) |style="background-color:#ABABAB; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#ABABAB''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism footer|نه]] |- |Manichaean (مانيچين) |style="background-color:#D1A274;color:inherit;" | '''#D1A274''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism footer|ها]] |- |Mayan, Maya (مايا) |style="background-color:#50C578; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#50C578''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Maya religion|ها]] |— |- |Meitei (ميتي) |style="background-color:#330055; color: #F0FACF;" | '''#330055''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Meitei Myth footer|ها]] |- |Mesopotamian (ميسوپوٽيميا) |style="background-color:#228b22; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#228B22''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Mesopotamian myth|ها]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Middle Eastern mythology|نه]] |- |Muisca (موئسڪا) |style="background-color:#FFD500;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD500''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Muisca navbox|ها]] |- |Neopagan, Modern (جديد نوپاگن) |style="background-color:#C1C1C1;color:inherit;" | '''#C1C1C1''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Neopaganism|ها]] |- |Norse, Germanic (نورس، جرمنڪ) |style="background-color:#D6DBBE;color:inherit;" | '''#D6DBBE''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Norse paganism footer|ها]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Anglo-Saxon paganism|نه]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Germanic mythology|نه]] |- |Nubian (نوبيائي) |style="background-color:#F0E4AE;color:inherit;" | '''#F0E4AE''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion footer|ها]] |- |Ossetian (اوسيٽين) |style="background-color:#FFE8D0;color:inherit;" | '''#FFE8D0''' |— |— |- |Phillippine (فلپائني) |style="background-color:#F6E396;color:inherit;" | '''#F6E396''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology sidebar|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology|نه]] |- |Polynesian, Hawaiian (پولينيزين، هوائي) |style="background-color:#AFEEEE;color:inherit;" | '''#AFEEEE''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Polynesian mythology|ها]] |- |Roman (رومي) |style="background-color:#F0ACAC;color:inherit;" | '''#F0ACAC''' | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Ancient Roman religion sidebar|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Priesthoods of ancient Rome|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Roman religion|ها]] |- |Sarnaist (سرنائسٽ) |style="background-color:#B60000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B60000''' |— |— |- |Scythian (سٿين) |style="background-color:#00C700;color:inherit;" | '''#00C700''' |— |— |- |Sami, Sámi, Lapp (سامي) |style="background-color:#46B8B1;color:inherit;" | '''#46B8B1''' |— |— |- |Slavic (سلاويڪ) |style="background-color:#CD0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CD0000''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Slavic mythology|ها]] |- | Sogdian (سوگڊين) |style="background-color:#295A8A; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#295A8A''' |— |— |- | Taíno, Taino (تاينو) |style="background-color:#FAECC8;color:inherit;" | '''#FAECC8''' |— |— |- | Thai (ٿائي) |style="background-color:#FFEDED;color:inherit;" | '''#FFEDED''' |— |— |- |Turkic (ترڪڪ) |style="background-color:#00ABC2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00ABC2''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Turkic mythology|ها]] |— |- |Ugaritic (اوگارٽڪ) |style="background-color:#00817d; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00817D''' |— |— |- |Urartian (اورارٽين) |style="background-color:#0057AF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0057AF''' |— |— |- |Vietnamese (ويٽنامي) |style="background-color:#FF6060;color:inherit;" | '''#FF6060''' |— |— |- |Vodou, Voodoo, Haitian (ووڊو، هيتي) |style="background-color:#BFEAF9;color:inherit;" | '''#BFEAF9''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Afro-American Religions|ها]] |- |Welsh (ويلش) |style="background-color: #B30024; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B30024''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Welsh mythology|نه]] |- |Yazidi (يزيدي) |style="background-color: #FF8E1C;color:inherit;" | '''#FF8E1C''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Yazidis|نه]] |— |- |Yoruba (يوروبا) |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá|ها]] |- |Zoroastrian (زرتشتي) |style="background-color:#990955; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#990955''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism|ها]] |- |} rx1gy8yh033b9kie9te64ifxj8wu478 375506 375505 2026-05-02T22:01:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375506 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ديوتا جو قسم ۽ رنگ جو انداز !<nowiki>|type = داخل قدر</nowiki> !رنگ جو انداز (نڪرندڙ) !پاسي وارو سانچو ملندڙ؟ !هيٺيون سانچو ملندڙ؟ |- |اڪن |style="background-color:#FFD700;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD700''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اڪن موضوع|ها]] |- |البانيائي |style="background-color:#92FFDE;color:inherit;" | '''#92FFDE''' |— |— |- عربستاني |style="background-color:#CDC8B8;color:inherit;" | '''#CDC8B8''' |{{tick}} [[سانچو:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities|ها]] |— |- | آرمينيائي |style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:inherit;" | '''#FFFF00''' |— |— |- |آسٽريليائي |style="background-color:#EBA9EE;color:inherit;"|'''#EBA9EE''' |— |— |- |ازٽيڪ |style="background-color:#00A86B; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00A86B''' |— |{{Tick}} [[ازٽيڪ ديومالا|ها]] |- |بالٽڪ |style="background-color:#BBDDBB;color:inherit;" | '''#BBDDBB''' |{{Tick}} [[بالٽڪ مذھب|ها]] |— |- |بانتو |style="background-color:#BDFDFB;color:inherit;" | '''#BDFDFB''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:بانتو|ها]] |- |ٻڌ مت |style="background-color:#FFD068;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD068''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت جا موضوع|ها]] |- |ڪنعاني, فونيشيائي |style="background-color:#800080; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#800080''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:وچ اوڀر واري ديومالا|نه]] |- |ڪيلٽڪ |style="background-color:#CE8946; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CE8946''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالا|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالائي موضوع|نه]] |- |چيني |style="background-color:#C04851; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#C04851''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني لوڪ مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني ديومالا|ها]] |- |ايبلايٽ |style="background-color:#008113; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#008113''' |— |— |- |ايدو |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |— |— |- |مصري |style="background-color:#DECD87;color:inherit;" | '''#DECD87''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب فوٽر|ها]] |- |ايلامائي |style="background-color:#159E4F; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#159E4F''' |— |— |- |اٽرُسڪن |style="background-color:#F7E3CD;color:inherit;" | '''#F7E3CD''' |— |— |- |فننش، فِنڪ، ايسٽونين |style="background-color:#0000FF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0000FF''' |— |— |- |جارجيائي |style="background-color:#E97500;color:inherit;" | '''#E97500''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: جارجيائي ديومالا|نه]] |- |يوناني |style="background-color:#CEF2E0;color:inherit;" | '''#CEF2E0''' | *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديومالا پاسي پٽي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديوتا (نمفس)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پرسنيفڪيشن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:يوناني ديوتا (پريمارڊل)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (ٽائٽن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پاڻي)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني زير زمين دنيا|ها]] | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم يوناني مذھب ۽ ديومالا|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديومالا (ديوتائون)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:گائگينز|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻارھن اولمپيائي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:موسا|ها]] |- |گواراني، ٽوپين |style="background-color:#FF73FF;color:inherit;" | '''#FF73FF''' |— |— |- |هندو |style="background-color:#FFC569;color:inherit;" | '''#FFC569''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو ڌرم|ها]] |- |هٽي |style="background-color:#021AF2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#021AF2''' |— |— |- |هُرّيان |style="background-color:#4B539C; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#4B539C''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھريان ديومالا|ها]] |- |اِگبو |style="background-color:#ACE1AF;color:inherit;" | '''#ACE1AF''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊيناني سائيڊ بار|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊينالا|ها]] |- |اِنڪا، انڪن، اينڊين |style="background-color:#F3F300;color:inherit;"| '''#F3F300''' |— |— |- |انڊو-يورپي (هند-يورپي) |style="background-color:#006400; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#006400''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو :پورٽو انڊو يورپي ديومالا|ها]] |- |انڊونيشيائي، جاوائي |style="background-color:#FF0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#FF0000''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيائي ديومالا ۽ لڪ ڪٿائون|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيا جي ديومالا|نه]] |- |اينوئٽ |style="background-color:#FFDD99;color:inherit;" | '''#FFDD99''' |— |{{Tick}} [[اينوئٽ مذھب|ها]] |- |آئرش |style="background-color:#90DB90;color:inherit;" | '''#90DB90''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (mythological)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Fenian)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Ulster)|ها]] |- |Jain (جين) |style="background-color:#F5DEB3;color:inherit;" | '''#F5DEB3''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism topics|ها]] |- |Japanese, Shinto (جاپاني، شنٽو) |style="background-color:#A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#A12F25''' | {{Tick}} [[سانچو:Shinto|ها]] |— |- |Kongo (ڪانگو) |style="background-color:#E1BAE7;color:inherit;" | '''#E1BAE7''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion footer|ها]] |- |Libyco-Berber, Punic (ليبيڪو-بربر، پيونڪ) |style="background-color:#E6A23C;color:#FFFFFF;" | '''#E6A23C''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Libyco-Berber religion|ها]] |— |- |Luwian (لوويان) |style="background-color:#000369;color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#000369''' |— |— |- |Mandaean (مندائي) |style="background-color:#ABABAB; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#ABABAB''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism footer|نه]] |- |Manichaean (مانيچين) |style="background-color:#D1A274;color:inherit;" | '''#D1A274''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism footer|ها]] |- |Mayan, Maya (مايا) |style="background-color:#50C578; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#50C578''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Maya religion|ها]] |— |- |Meitei (ميتي) |style="background-color:#330055; color: #F0FACF;" | '''#330055''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Meitei Myth footer|ها]] |- |Mesopotamian (ميسوپوٽيميا) |style="background-color:#228b22; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#228B22''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Mesopotamian myth|ها]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Middle Eastern mythology|نه]] |- |Muisca (موئسڪا) |style="background-color:#FFD500;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD500''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Muisca navbox|ها]] |- |Neopagan, Modern (جديد نوپاگن) |style="background-color:#C1C1C1;color:inherit;" | '''#C1C1C1''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Neopaganism|ها]] |- |Norse, Germanic (نورس، جرمنڪ) |style="background-color:#D6DBBE;color:inherit;" | '''#D6DBBE''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Norse paganism footer|ها]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Anglo-Saxon paganism|نه]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Germanic mythology|نه]] |- |Nubian (نوبيائي) |style="background-color:#F0E4AE;color:inherit;" | '''#F0E4AE''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion footer|ها]] |- |Ossetian (اوسيٽين) |style="background-color:#FFE8D0;color:inherit;" | '''#FFE8D0''' |— |— |- |Phillippine (فلپائني) |style="background-color:#F6E396;color:inherit;" | '''#F6E396''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology sidebar|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology|نه]] |- |Polynesian, Hawaiian (پولينيزين، هوائي) |style="background-color:#AFEEEE;color:inherit;" | '''#AFEEEE''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Polynesian mythology|ها]] |- |Roman (رومي) |style="background-color:#F0ACAC;color:inherit;" | '''#F0ACAC''' | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Ancient Roman religion sidebar|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Priesthoods of ancient Rome|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Roman religion|ها]] |- |Sarnaist (سرنائسٽ) |style="background-color:#B60000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B60000''' |— |— |- |Scythian (سٿين) |style="background-color:#00C700;color:inherit;" | '''#00C700''' |— |— |- |Sami, Sámi, Lapp (سامي) |style="background-color:#46B8B1;color:inherit;" | '''#46B8B1''' |— |— |- |Slavic (سلاويڪ) |style="background-color:#CD0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CD0000''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Slavic mythology|ها]] |- | Sogdian (سوگڊين) |style="background-color:#295A8A; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#295A8A''' |— |— |- | Taíno, Taino (تاينو) |style="background-color:#FAECC8;color:inherit;" | '''#FAECC8''' |— |— |- | Thai (ٿائي) |style="background-color:#FFEDED;color:inherit;" | '''#FFEDED''' |— |— |- |Turkic (ترڪڪ) |style="background-color:#00ABC2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00ABC2''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Turkic mythology|ها]] |— |- |Ugaritic (اوگارٽڪ) |style="background-color:#00817d; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00817D''' |— |— |- |Urartian (اورارٽين) |style="background-color:#0057AF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0057AF''' |— |— |- |Vietnamese (ويٽنامي) |style="background-color:#FF6060;color:inherit;" | '''#FF6060''' |— |— |- |Vodou, Voodoo, Haitian (ووڊو، هيتي) |style="background-color:#BFEAF9;color:inherit;" | '''#BFEAF9''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Afro-American Religions|ها]] |- |Welsh (ويلش) |style="background-color: #B30024; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B30024''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Welsh mythology|نه]] |- |Yazidi (يزيدي) |style="background-color: #FF8E1C;color:inherit;" | '''#FF8E1C''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Yazidis|نه]] |— |- |Yoruba (يوروبا) |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá|ها]] |- |Zoroastrian (زرتشتي) |style="background-color:#990955; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#990955''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism|ها]] |- |} h27wbfjazxg9hoc8m25v50x34i962os 375507 375506 2026-05-02T22:02:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375507 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ديوتا جو قسم ۽ رنگ جو انداز !<nowiki>|type = داخل قدر</nowiki> !رنگ جو انداز (نڪرندڙ) !پاسي وارو سانچو ملندڙ؟ !هيٺيون سانچو ملندڙ؟ |- |اڪن |style="background-color:#FFD700;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD700''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اڪن موضوع|ها]] |- |البانيائي |style="background-color:#92FFDE;color:inherit;" | '''#92FFDE''' |— |— |- |عربستاني |style="background-color:#CDC8B8;color:inherit;" | '''#CDC8B8''' |{{tick}} [[سانچو:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities|ها]] |— |- | آرمينيائي |style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:inherit;" | '''#FFFF00''' |— |— |- |آسٽريليائي |style="background-color:#EBA9EE;color:inherit;"|'''#EBA9EE''' |— |— |- |ازٽيڪ |style="background-color:#00A86B; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00A86B''' |— |{{Tick}} [[ازٽيڪ ديومالا|ها]] |- |بالٽڪ |style="background-color:#BBDDBB;color:inherit;" | '''#BBDDBB''' |{{Tick}} [[بالٽڪ مذھب|ها]] |— |- |بانتو |style="background-color:#BDFDFB;color:inherit;" | '''#BDFDFB''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:بانتو|ها]] |- |ٻڌ مت |style="background-color:#FFD068;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD068''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت جا موضوع|ها]] |- |ڪنعاني, فونيشيائي |style="background-color:#800080; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#800080''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:وچ اوڀر واري ديومالا|نه]] |- |ڪيلٽڪ |style="background-color:#CE8946; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CE8946''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالا|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالائي موضوع|نه]] |- |چيني |style="background-color:#C04851; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#C04851''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني لوڪ مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني ديومالا|ها]] |- |ايبلايٽ |style="background-color:#008113; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#008113''' |— |— |- |ايدو |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |— |— |- |مصري |style="background-color:#DECD87;color:inherit;" | '''#DECD87''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب فوٽر|ها]] |- |ايلامائي |style="background-color:#159E4F; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#159E4F''' |— |— |- |اٽرُسڪن |style="background-color:#F7E3CD;color:inherit;" | '''#F7E3CD''' |— |— |- |فننش، فِنڪ، ايسٽونين |style="background-color:#0000FF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0000FF''' |— |— |- |جارجيائي |style="background-color:#E97500;color:inherit;" | '''#E97500''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: جارجيائي ديومالا|نه]] |- |يوناني |style="background-color:#CEF2E0;color:inherit;" | '''#CEF2E0''' | *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديومالا پاسي پٽي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديوتا (نمفس)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پرسنيفڪيشن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:يوناني ديوتا (پريمارڊل)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (ٽائٽن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پاڻي)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني زير زمين دنيا|ها]] | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم يوناني مذھب ۽ ديومالا|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديومالا (ديوتائون)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:گائگينز|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻارھن اولمپيائي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:موسا|ها]] |- |گواراني، ٽوپين |style="background-color:#FF73FF;color:inherit;" | '''#FF73FF''' |— |— |- |هندو |style="background-color:#FFC569;color:inherit;" | '''#FFC569''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو ڌرم|ها]] |- |هٽي |style="background-color:#021AF2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#021AF2''' |— |— |- |هُرّيان |style="background-color:#4B539C; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#4B539C''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھريان ديومالا|ها]] |- |اِگبو |style="background-color:#ACE1AF;color:inherit;" | '''#ACE1AF''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊيناني سائيڊ بار|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊينالا|ها]] |- |اِنڪا، انڪن، اينڊين |style="background-color:#F3F300;color:inherit;"| '''#F3F300''' |— |— |- |انڊو-يورپي (هند-يورپي) |style="background-color:#006400; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#006400''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو :پورٽو انڊو يورپي ديومالا|ها]] |- |انڊونيشيائي، جاوائي |style="background-color:#FF0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#FF0000''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيائي ديومالا ۽ لڪ ڪٿائون|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيا جي ديومالا|نه]] |- |اينوئٽ |style="background-color:#FFDD99;color:inherit;" | '''#FFDD99''' |— |{{Tick}} [[اينوئٽ مذھب|ها]] |- |آئرش |style="background-color:#90DB90;color:inherit;" | '''#90DB90''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (mythological)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Fenian)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Ulster)|ها]] |- |Jain (جين) |style="background-color:#F5DEB3;color:inherit;" | '''#F5DEB3''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism topics|ها]] |- |Japanese, Shinto (جاپاني، شنٽو) |style="background-color:#A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#A12F25''' | {{Tick}} [[سانچو:Shinto|ها]] |— |- |Kongo (ڪانگو) |style="background-color:#E1BAE7;color:inherit;" | '''#E1BAE7''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion footer|ها]] |- |Libyco-Berber, Punic (ليبيڪو-بربر، پيونڪ) |style="background-color:#E6A23C;color:#FFFFFF;" | '''#E6A23C''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Libyco-Berber religion|ها]] |— |- |Luwian (لوويان) |style="background-color:#000369;color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#000369''' |— |— |- |Mandaean (مندائي) |style="background-color:#ABABAB; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#ABABAB''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism footer|نه]] |- |Manichaean (مانيچين) |style="background-color:#D1A274;color:inherit;" | '''#D1A274''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism footer|ها]] |- |Mayan, Maya (مايا) |style="background-color:#50C578; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#50C578''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Maya religion|ها]] |— |- |Meitei (ميتي) |style="background-color:#330055; color: #F0FACF;" | '''#330055''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Meitei Myth footer|ها]] |- |Mesopotamian (ميسوپوٽيميا) |style="background-color:#228b22; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#228B22''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Mesopotamian myth|ها]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Middle Eastern mythology|نه]] |- |Muisca (موئسڪا) |style="background-color:#FFD500;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD500''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Muisca navbox|ها]] |- |Neopagan, Modern (جديد نوپاگن) |style="background-color:#C1C1C1;color:inherit;" | '''#C1C1C1''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Neopaganism|ها]] |- |Norse, Germanic (نورس، جرمنڪ) |style="background-color:#D6DBBE;color:inherit;" | '''#D6DBBE''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Norse paganism footer|ها]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Anglo-Saxon paganism|نه]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Germanic mythology|نه]] |- |Nubian (نوبيائي) |style="background-color:#F0E4AE;color:inherit;" | '''#F0E4AE''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion footer|ها]] |- |Ossetian (اوسيٽين) |style="background-color:#FFE8D0;color:inherit;" | '''#FFE8D0''' |— |— |- |Phillippine (فلپائني) |style="background-color:#F6E396;color:inherit;" | '''#F6E396''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology sidebar|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology|نه]] |- |Polynesian, Hawaiian (پولينيزين، هوائي) |style="background-color:#AFEEEE;color:inherit;" | '''#AFEEEE''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Polynesian mythology|ها]] |- |Roman (رومي) |style="background-color:#F0ACAC;color:inherit;" | '''#F0ACAC''' | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Ancient Roman religion sidebar|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Priesthoods of ancient Rome|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Roman religion|ها]] |- |Sarnaist (سرنائسٽ) |style="background-color:#B60000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B60000''' |— |— |- |Scythian (سٿين) |style="background-color:#00C700;color:inherit;" | '''#00C700''' |— |— |- |Sami, Sámi, Lapp (سامي) |style="background-color:#46B8B1;color:inherit;" | '''#46B8B1''' |— |— |- |Slavic (سلاويڪ) |style="background-color:#CD0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CD0000''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Slavic mythology|ها]] |- | Sogdian (سوگڊين) |style="background-color:#295A8A; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#295A8A''' |— |— |- | Taíno, Taino (تاينو) |style="background-color:#FAECC8;color:inherit;" | '''#FAECC8''' |— |— |- | Thai (ٿائي) |style="background-color:#FFEDED;color:inherit;" | '''#FFEDED''' |— |— |- |Turkic (ترڪڪ) |style="background-color:#00ABC2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00ABC2''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Turkic mythology|ها]] |— |- |Ugaritic (اوگارٽڪ) |style="background-color:#00817d; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00817D''' |— |— |- |Urartian (اورارٽين) |style="background-color:#0057AF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0057AF''' |— |— |- |Vietnamese (ويٽنامي) |style="background-color:#FF6060;color:inherit;" | '''#FF6060''' |— |— |- |Vodou, Voodoo, Haitian (ووڊو، هيتي) |style="background-color:#BFEAF9;color:inherit;" | '''#BFEAF9''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Afro-American Religions|ها]] |- |Welsh (ويلش) |style="background-color: #B30024; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B30024''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Welsh mythology|نه]] |- |Yazidi (يزيدي) |style="background-color: #FF8E1C;color:inherit;" | '''#FF8E1C''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Yazidis|نه]] |— |- |Yoruba (يوروبا) |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá|ها]] |- |Zoroastrian (زرتشتي) |style="background-color:#990955; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#990955''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism|ها]] |- |} nacery1vknsbysr22wr7im09x7js0ru 375508 375507 2026-05-02T22:07:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375508 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+ديوتا جو قسم ۽ رنگ جو انداز !<nowiki>|type = داخل قدر</nowiki> !رنگ جو انداز (نڪرندڙ) !پاسي وارو سانچو ملندڙ؟ !هيٺيون سانچو ملندڙ؟ |- |اڪن |style="background-color:#FFD700;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD700''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اڪن موضوع|ها]] |- |البانيائي |style="background-color:#92FFDE;color:inherit;" | '''#92FFDE''' |— |— |- |عربستاني |style="background-color:#CDC8B8;color:inherit;" | '''#CDC8B8''' |{{tick}} [[سانچو:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities|ها]] |— |- | آرمينيائي |style="background-color:#FFFF00;color:inherit;" | '''#FFFF00''' |— |— |- |آسٽريليائي |style="background-color:#EBA9EE;color:inherit;"|'''#EBA9EE''' |— |— |- |ازٽيڪ |style="background-color:#00A86B; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00A86B''' |— |{{Tick}} [[ازٽيڪ ديومالا|ها]] |- |بالٽڪ |style="background-color:#BBDDBB;color:inherit;" | '''#BBDDBB''' |{{Tick}} [[بالٽڪ مذھب|ها]] |— |- |بانتو |style="background-color:#BDFDFB;color:inherit;" | '''#BDFDFB''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:بانتو|ها]] |- |ٻڌ مت |style="background-color:#FFD068;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD068''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻڌ مت جا موضوع|ها]] |- |ڪنعاني, فونيشيائي |style="background-color:#800080; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#800080''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:وچ اوڀر واري ديومالا|نه]] |- |ڪيلٽڪ |style="background-color:#CE8946; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CE8946''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالا|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:ڪيلٽڪ ديومالائي موضوع|نه]] |- |چيني |style="background-color:#C04851; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#C04851''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني لوڪ مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:چيني ديومالا|ها]] |- |ايبلايٽ |style="background-color:#008113; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#008113''' |— |— |- |ايدو |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |— |— |- |مصري |style="background-color:#DECD87;color:inherit;" | '''#DECD87''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم مصري مذھب فوٽر|ها]] |- |ايلامائي |style="background-color:#159E4F; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#159E4F''' |— |— |- |اٽرُسڪن |style="background-color:#F7E3CD;color:inherit;" | '''#F7E3CD''' |— |— |- |فننش، فِنڪ، ايسٽونين |style="background-color:#0000FF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0000FF''' |— |— |- |جارجيائي |style="background-color:#E97500;color:inherit;" | '''#E97500''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: جارجيائي ديومالا|نه]] |- |يوناني |style="background-color:#CEF2E0;color:inherit;" | '''#CEF2E0''' | *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديومالا پاسي پٽي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[يوناني ديوتا (نمفس)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پرسنيفڪيشن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:يوناني ديوتا (پريمارڊل)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (ٽائٽن)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديوتا (پاڻي)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني زير زمين دنيا|ها]] | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: قديم يوناني مذھب ۽ ديومالا|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو: يوناني ديومالا (ديوتائون)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:گائگينز|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ٻارھن اولمپيائي|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:موسا|ها]] |- |گواراني، ٽوپين |style="background-color:#FF73FF;color:inherit;" | '''#FF73FF''' |— |— |- |هندو |style="background-color:#FFC569;color:inherit;" | '''#FFC569''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو مت|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھندو ڌرم|ها]] |- |هٽي |style="background-color:#021AF2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#021AF2''' |— |— |- |هُرّيان |style="background-color:#4B539C; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#4B539C''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:ھريان ديومالا|ها]] |- |اِگبو |style="background-color:#ACE1AF;color:inherit;" | '''#ACE1AF''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊيناني سائيڊ بار|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:اوڊينالا|ها]] |- |اِنڪا، انڪن، اينڊين |style="background-color:#F3F300;color:inherit;"| '''#F3F300''' |— |— |- |انڊو-يورپي (هند-يورپي) |style="background-color:#006400; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#006400''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو :پورٽو انڊو يورپي ديومالا|ها]] |- |انڊونيشيائي، جاوائي |style="background-color:#FF0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#FF0000''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيائي ديومالا ۽ لڪ ڪٿائون|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو: انڊونيشيا جي ديومالا|نه]] |- |اينوئٽ |style="background-color:#FFDD99;color:inherit;" | '''#FFDD99''' |— |{{Tick}} [[اينوئٽ مذھب|ها]] |- |آئرش |style="background-color:#90DB90;color:inherit;" | '''#90DB90''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (mythological)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Fenian)|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Irish mythology (Ulster)|ها]] |- |جين |style="background-color:#F5DEB3;color:inherit;" | '''#F5DEB3''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Jainism topics|ها]] |- |جاپاني، شنٽو |style="background-color:#A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#A12F25''' | {{Tick}} [[سانچو:Shinto|ها]] |— |- |ڪانگو |style="background-color:#E1BAE7;color:inherit;" | '''#E1BAE7''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kongo religion footer|ها]] |- |ليبيڪو-بربر، پيونڪ |style="background-color:#E6A23C;color:#FFFFFF;" | '''#E6A23C''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Libyco-Berber religion|ها]] |— |- |لوويان |style="background-color:#000369;color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#000369''' |— |— |- |مندائي |style="background-color:#ABABAB; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#ABABAB''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Mandaeism footer|نه]] |- |مانيچين |style="background-color:#D1A274;color:inherit;" | '''#D1A274''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Manichaeism footer|ها]] |- |مايا |style="background-color:#50C578; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#50C578''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Maya religion|ها]] |— |- |ميتي |style="background-color:#330055; color: #F0FACF;" | '''#330055''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Meitei Myth footer|ها]] |- |ميسوپوٽيميائي |style="background-color:#228b22; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#228B22''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Mesopotamian myth|ها]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Middle Eastern mythology|نه]] |- |موئسڪا |style="background-color:#FFD500;color:inherit;" | '''#FFD500''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Muisca navbox|ها]] |- |جديد نوپاگن |style="background-color:#C1C1C1;color:inherit;" | '''#C1C1C1''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Neopaganism|ها]] |- |نورس، جرمن |style="background-color:#D6DBBE;color:inherit;" | '''#D6DBBE''' |— | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Norse paganism footer|ها]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Anglo-Saxon paganism|نه]] *{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Germanic mythology|نه]] |- |نوبيائي |style="background-color:#F0E4AE;color:inherit;" | '''#F0E4AE''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Kushite religion footer|ها]] |- |اوسيٽين |style="background-color:#FFE8D0;color:inherit;" | '''#FFE8D0''' |— |— |- |فلپائني |style="background-color:#F6E396;color:inherit;" | '''#F6E396''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology sidebar|نه]] |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Philippine mythology|نه]] |- |پولينيزين، هوائي |style="background-color:#AFEEEE;color:inherit;" | '''#AFEEEE''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Polynesian mythology|ها]] |- |رومي |style="background-color:#F0ACAC;color:inherit;" | '''#F0ACAC''' | *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Ancient Roman religion sidebar|ها]] *{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Priesthoods of ancient Rome|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Roman religion|ها]] |- |سرنائسٽ |style="background-color:#B60000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B60000''' |— |— |- |سٿين |style="background-color:#00C700;color:inherit;" | '''#00C700''' |— |— |- |سامي |style="background-color:#46B8B1;color:inherit;" | '''#46B8B1''' |— |— |- |سلاويڪ |style="background-color:#CD0000; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#CD0000''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Slavic mythology|ها]] |- | سوگڊين |style="background-color:#295A8A; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#295A8A''' |— |— |- | تاينو |style="background-color:#FAECC8;color:inherit;" | '''#FAECC8''' |— |— |- | ٿائي |style="background-color:#FFEDED;color:inherit;" | '''#FFEDED''' |— |— |- |ترڪ |style="background-color:#00ABC2; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00ABC2''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Turkic mythology|ها]] |— |- |اوگارٽڪ |style="background-color:#00817d; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#00817D''' |— |— |- |اورارٽين |style="background-color:#0057AF; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#0057AF''' |— |— |- |ويٽنامي |style="background-color:#FF6060;color:inherit;" | '''#FF6060''' |— |— |- |ووڊو، هيتي |style="background-color:#BFEAF9;color:inherit;" | '''#BFEAF9''' |— |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Afro-American Religions|ها]] |- |ويلش |style="background-color: #B30024; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#B30024''' |— |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Welsh mythology|نه]] |- |يزيدي |style="background-color: #FF8E1C;color:inherit;" | '''#FF8E1C''' |{{Xmark}} [[سانچو:Yazidis|نه]] |— |- |يوروبا |style="background-color:#93C572;color:inherit;" | '''#93C572''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Orisa-Ifá|ها]] |- |زرتشتي |style="background-color:#990955; color: #FFFFFF;" | '''#990955''' |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism sidebar|ها]] |{{Tick}} [[سانچو:Zoroastrianism|ها]] |- |} mcy07qr7kib4xyxshe2brtg6hm5ncoy 10 95947 375509 2026-05-02T22:12:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | abovestyle = background-color: #decd87 ;color:inherit; | above = <span class="fn">{{{name|{{{Name<includeonly>|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}}}}</span> | subheader = {{{style|{{{Style<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|{{{Image<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{Image_size|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt={{{alt|{{{Alt<includeonly>|</... 375509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | abovestyle = background-color: #decd87 ;color:inherit; | above = <span class="fn">{{{name|{{{Name<includeonly>|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}}}}}</span> | subheader = {{{style|{{{Style<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|{{{Image<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{Image_size|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1|alt={{{alt|{{{Alt<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|{{{Caption<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label1 = مصري نالو | data1 = {{{Egyptian_name|{{{egyptian_name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label2 = عهدو سنڀالڻ جو عرصو | data2 = {{{Tenure|{{{tenure<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label3 = اڳوڻو | data3 = {{{Predecessor|{{{predecessor<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label4 = جانشين | data4 = {{{Successor|{{{successor<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label5 = خاندان | data5 = {{{Dynasty|{{{dynasty<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | class5 = category | label6 = فرعون | data6 = {{{Pharaoh|{{{pharaoh<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label7 = ڄائو | data7 = {{br separated entries| {{{birth_name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | {{{birth_date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | {{{birth_place<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} }} | label8 = وفات | data8 = {{br separated entries| {{{death_date<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} | {{{death_place<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}} }} | label9 = تدفين | data9 = {{{Burial|{{{burial<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | class9 = label | label10 = زال / ساٿي | data10 = {{{Wife|{{{wife|{{{Spouse|{{{spouse<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}}}}}}} | label11 = پيءُ | data11 = {{{Father|{{{father<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label12 = ماءُ | data12 = {{{Mother|{{{mother<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label13 = ڀائر ڀينر | data13 = {{{Siblings|{{{siblings<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} | label14 = اولاد | data14 = {{{Children|{{{children<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[زمرو:اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox Egyptian dignitary استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=صفحو [[سانچو:Infobox Egyptian dignitary]] اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر "_VALUE_" سان استعمال ڪري رهيو آهي|ignoreblank=y| Alt | alt | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | burial | Burial | Caption | caption | Children | children | death_date | death_place | Dynasty | dynasty | Egyptian_name | egyptian_name | Father | father | image | Image | Image_size | image_size | Mother | mother | Name | name | Pharaoh | pharaoh | Predecessor | predecessor | Siblings | siblings | Spouse | spouse | Style | style | Successor | successor | Tenure | tenure | Wife | wife}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ils8desd5lqx6a17enfxciyigefnfs4 10 95948 375510 2026-05-02T22:14:08Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} == استعمال == === مڪمل وضاحت === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" width="100%"> {{Infobox Egyptian dignitary | name = ضروري۔ معزز شخص جو نالو۔ جيڪڏهن نه ڏنو ويو ته مضمون جو نالو استعمال ٿيندو | style = معزز شخص جو لقب يا عهدو جيڪو هن سنڀاليو | image = معزز شخص جي تصوير۔ فائل نالي جي چوڌا... 375510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} == استعمال == === مڪمل وضاحت === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" width="100%"> {{Infobox Egyptian dignitary | name = ضروري۔ معزز شخص جو نالو۔ جيڪڏهن نه ڏنو ويو ته مضمون جو نالو استعمال ٿيندو | style = معزز شخص جو لقب يا عهدو جيڪو هن سنڀاليو | image = معزز شخص جي تصوير۔ فائل نالي جي چوڌاري بریکٽس نه لڳايو | alt = اسڪرين ريڊر استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ وضاحتي متن | caption = تصوير لاءِ ڪيپشن | egyptian_name = مصري هيروگليفي لکت ۾ نالو | tenure = اهو عرصو جنهن دوران معزز شخص پنهنجو عهدو سنڀاليو | predecessor = اهو شخص جيڪو هن کان اڳ اهو عهدو سنڀاليندو هو | successor = اهو شخص جيڪو هن کان پوءِ اهو عهدو سنڀاليو | dynasty = اهو مصري خاندان جنهن ۾ معزز شخص رهندو هو | pharaoh = اهو حڪمران جنهن جي هيٺ معزز شخص خدمت ڪئي | birth_name = ڄمڻ وقت معزز شخص جو نالو | birth_date = ڄمڻ جي تاريخ | birth_place = ڄمڻ جي جاءِ | death_date = وفات جي تاريخ | death_place = وفات جي جاءِ | burial = جتي معزز شخص کي دفن ڪيو ويو | spouse = معزز شخص جي زال يا جيون ساٿي جو نالو ("wife" پڻ هن خاني کي استعمال ڪري ٿو) | father = معزز شخص جي پيءُ جو نالو | mother = معزز شخص جي ماءُ جو نالو | siblings = معزز شخص جي ڀائرن ۽ ڀينرن جا نالا | children = معزز شخص جي ٻارن جي نالن جي فهرست }} </syntaxhighlight> === خالي سانچو (سڀ فيلڊز) === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" width="100%"> {{Infobox Egyptian dignitary | name = | style = | image = | alt = | caption = | egyptian name = | tenure = | predecessor = | successor = | dynasty = | pharaoh = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | burial = | spouse = | father = | mother = | siblings = | children = }} </syntaxhighlight> == مائڪروفارميٽ == {{UF-hcard-short}} == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == {{clc|اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox Egyptian dignitary استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ انٽر وڪي هتي شامل ڪريو --> [[Category:Egypt infobox templates|Dignitary]] }}</includeonly> 0dhsad5kjhrarfugix2t7helh20wms7 375511 375510 2026-05-02T22:14:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 375511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} == استعمال == === مڪمل وضاحت === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" width="100%"> {{Infobox Egyptian dignitary | name = ضروري۔ معزز شخص جو نالو۔ جيڪڏهن نه ڏنو ويو ته مضمون جو نالو استعمال ٿيندو | style = معزز شخص جو لقب يا عهدو جيڪو هن سنڀاليو | image = معزز شخص جي تصوير۔ فائل نالي جي چوڌاري بریکٽس نه لڳايو | alt = اسڪرين ريڊر استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ وضاحتي متن | caption = تصوير لاءِ ڪيپشن | egyptian_name = مصري هيروگليفي لکت ۾ نالو | tenure = اهو عرصو جنهن دوران معزز شخص پنهنجو عهدو سنڀاليو | predecessor = اهو شخص جيڪو هن کان اڳ اهو عهدو سنڀاليندو هو | successor = اهو شخص جيڪو هن کان پوءِ اهو عهدو سنڀاليو | dynasty = اهو مصري خاندان جنهن ۾ معزز شخص رهندو هو | pharaoh = اهو حڪمران جنهن جي هيٺ معزز شخص خدمت ڪئي | birth_name = ڄمڻ وقت معزز شخص جو نالو | birth_date = ڄمڻ جي تاريخ | birth_place = ڄمڻ جي جاءِ | death_date = وفات جي تاريخ | death_place = وفات جي جاءِ | burial = جتي معزز شخص کي دفن ڪيو ويو | spouse = معزز شخص جي زال يا جيون ساٿي جو نالو ("wife" پڻ هن خاني کي استعمال ڪري ٿو) | father = معزز شخص جي پيءُ جو نالو | mother = معزز شخص جي ماءُ جو نالو | siblings = معزز شخص جي ڀائرن ۽ ڀينرن جا نالا | children = معزز شخص جي ٻارن جي نالن جي فهرست }} </syntaxhighlight> === خالي سانچو (سڀ فيلڊز) === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" width="100%"> {{Infobox Egyptian dignitary | name = | style = | image = | alt = | caption = | egyptian name = | tenure = | predecessor = | successor = | dynasty = | pharaoh = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = | death_place = | burial = | spouse = | father = | mother = | siblings = | children = }} </syntaxhighlight> == مائڪروفارميٽ == {{UF-hcard-short}} == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == {{clc|اڻڄاتل پيراميٽر سان Infobox Egyptian dignitary استعمال ڪندڙ صفحا}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ انٽر وڪي هتي شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:Egypt infobox templates|Dignitary]] }}</includeonly> r9r5yyl0mgjh5isrj6wryk1mvn7oix7 10 95949 375512 2026-05-02T22:19:17Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: هن سانچي طرفان پيدا ڪيل HTML مارڪ اپ ۾ هڪ [[HCard|hCard (ايڇ ڪارڊ) مائڪروفارميٽ]] شامل هوندو آهي، جيڪو ڪنهن شخص يا اداري جو نالو ڪمپيوٽرن لاءِ [[پارسنگ|پارسبل (قابلِ پڙهڻ)]] بڻائي ٿو، جيئن ته پاڻمرادو [[وڪيپيڊيا]] (وڪيپيڊيا) جي مضمونن کي فهرست بندي ڪرڻ لاءِ يا ڪنهن پڙهندڙ جي بر... 375512 wikitext text/x-wiki هن سانچي طرفان پيدا ڪيل HTML مارڪ اپ ۾ هڪ [[HCard|hCard (ايڇ ڪارڊ) مائڪروفارميٽ]] شامل هوندو آهي، جيڪو ڪنهن شخص يا اداري جو نالو ڪمپيوٽرن لاءِ [[پارسنگ|پارسبل (قابلِ پڙهڻ)]] بڻائي ٿو، جيئن ته پاڻمرادو [[وڪيپيڊيا]] (وڪيپيڊيا) جي مضمونن کي فهرست بندي ڪرڻ لاءِ يا ڪنهن پڙهندڙ جي برائوزر اوزار ذريعي (مثال طور) ان موضوع کي ايڊريس بُڪ ۾ شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ [[مائڪروفارميٽ|مائڪروفارميٽس]] جي وڪيپيڊيا تي استعمال بابت وڌيڪ معلومات لاءِ ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي پراجيڪٽ مائڪروفارميٽ|مائڪروفارميٽ منصوبي]]۔ هن سانچي ۾ موجود ايڇ-ڪارڊ hCard گهٽ ۾ گهٽ هيٺين ايڇ ٽي ايم ايل ڪلاسن مان ڪجهه استعمال ڪري ٿو: {{Flatlist| *fn ''(ضروري)'' *nickname *org *vcard }} '''مهرباني ڪري انهن ڪلاسن جا نالا تبديل نه ڪريو، نه هٽايو، ۽ نه ئي انهن کي استعمال ڪندڙ اندروني عنصرن کي گڏايو۔'''<includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc | |{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | |[[زمرو:Templates generating hCards]]}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:Templates generating hCards]] [[زمرو:Microformat message templates]] </noinclude> s6b3mdjptayrspos9c5uu5xvqoh3bak 10 95950 375513 2026-05-02T22:41:16Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي رکو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا (Wikipedia:Wikidata)]]) --> {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Coordinates|Module:Location map|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} '''{{Tld|Infobox pyramid}}''' [[مصري پيرامڊ (Egyptian pyramid)]] وارن مضمونن لاءِ معياري ڄاڻ... 375513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي رکو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا (Wikipedia:Wikidata)]]) --> {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Coordinates|Module:Location map|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} '''{{Tld|Infobox pyramid}}''' [[مصري پيرامڊ (Egyptian pyramid)]] وارن مضمونن لاءِ معياري ڄاڻخانو آهي، ۽ اهڙين ٻين اڏاوتن لاءِ به استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ {{Para|name}} کان سواءِ سڀئي پيراميٽر اختياري آهن۔ == استعمال == {{Generic template demo | name | image | image_size | alt | caption | map_type = Egypt | relief | map_size = 250 | map_alt | map_caption = {{{map_caption}}} | map_dot_label | owner | coordinates = {{Coord|29|58|45.03|N|31|08|03.69|E|region:EG_type:landmark_scale:2000|display=inline}} | ancient | date | type | material | height | base | volume | slope }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox pyramid | name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | relief = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map_dot_label = | owner = | coordinates = | ancient = | date = | type = | material = | height = | base = | volume = | slope = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == پيراميٽر == پيراميٽرن جي مڪمل فهرست هي آهي: {| class="wikitable" ! پيراميٽر !! ڊفالٽ !! وضاحت |- | name || صفحي جو نالو || پيرامڊ جو نالو |- | image || || <code>FileName.Extension</code> (مثال: Chichen Itza 3.jpg) |- | image_size || || تصوير جي ماپ (عام طور 250 کان 300 پکسل) |- | alt || || متبادل متن |- | caption || || تصوير لاءِ وضاحت |- | map_type || || {{tl|location map}} جو نالو؛ عام طور ملڪ جو نالو (مثال: Mexico) |- | relief || || yes / no |- | map_size || || نقشي جي ماپ (پڪسل ۾) |- | map_alt || || نقشي جي متبادل وضاحت |- | map_caption || || نقشي جي وضاحت |- | map_dot_label || || {{?}} |- | owner || || پيرامڊ جو مالڪ، مثال: "Khufu" |- | architect || || معمار (جيڪڏهن معلوم هجي) |- | coordinates || || هم آهنگ؛ {{tl|coord}} استعمال ڪريو |display=inline,title سان |- | ancient || || قديم نالو، مثال: "Khufu's Horizon" |- | date || || تعمير جو وقت، ڏسو پڻ [[مصري پيرامڊ (Egyptian pyramids)#Construction dates]] |- | type || || پيرامڊ جو قسم، مثال: "true pyramid" |- | material || || تعمير جو مواد |- | height || || اوچائي؛ {{tl|convert}} استعمال ڪريو |- | base || || بنياد جي ماپ؛ {{tl|convert}} استعمال ڪريو |- | volume || || پيرامڊ جو [[حجم (volume)]]؛ {{tl|convert}} استعمال ڪريو |- | slope || || ڦير جو زاويه (مثال: 37°29'44") |- | child || no || جيڪڏهن ٻئي سانچي اندر شامل هجي ته 'yes' رکو |- | embedded || || هن سانچي ۾ ٻيو ڄاڻخانو شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪريو |} == مثال == {{Infobox pyramid | name = Great Pyramid of Giza | image = Kheops-Pyramid.jpg | image_size = 250 | map_type = Egypt | relief = yes | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Location of pyramid in [[Egypt]] | owner = [[Khufu]] | coordinates = {{coord|29|58|45|N|31|8|4|E|region:EG_type:landmark|display=inline}} | ancient = Khufu's Horizon | date = c. 2560–2540 BC | type = [[Pyramid|True Pyramid]] | height = {{convert|146.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ''ancient'' <br/>{{convert|138.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ''contemporary'' | base = {{convert|230.4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow:auto; margin-left:0"> {{Infobox pyramid | name = Great Pyramid of Giza | image = Kheops-Pyramid.jpg | image_size = 250 | map_type = Egypt | relief = yes | map_size = 250 | map_caption = Location of pyramid in [[Egypt]] | owner = [[Khufu]] | coordinates = {{coord|29|58|45|N|31|8|4|E|region:EG_type:landmark|display=inline}} | ancient = Khufu's Horizon | date = c. 2560–2540 BC | type = [[Pyramid|True Pyramid]] | height = {{convert|146.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ''ancient'' <br/>{{convert|138.8|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ''contemporary'' | base = {{convert|230.4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} == مائڪروفارميٽ == {{UF-hcard-geo}} == ٽريڪنگ زمرو == * {{clc|Pages using infobox pyramid with unknown parameters}} == پڻ ڏسو == {{Buildings and structures infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ انٽر وڪي لنڪس وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:Buildings and structures infobox templates|Pyramid]] [[زمرو:Egypt infobox templates|Pyramid]] [[زمرو:Embeddable templates]] [[زمرو:Templates that add a tracking category]] }}</includeonly> qiijz5z890afm69n280dvggyvqjgjp8 10 95951 375516 2026-05-02T22:58:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#switch:{{Namespace detect|template=t|module=m|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>ماڊيول</noinclude>}}}}} |t |m = {{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|1={{{demopage|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}|*|user=|#default={{ombox | type = notice | image = File:{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|1={{{demopage|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|{... 375516 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{Namespace detect|template=t|module=m|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>ماڊيول</noinclude>}}}}} |t |m = {{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|1={{{demopage|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}|*|user=|#default={{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:{{#switch:{{#invoke:Effective protection level|edit|1={{{demopage|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{FULLBASEPAGENAME}}|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}|autoconfirmed=Semi|extendedconfirmed=Extended|accountcreator|templateeditor=Template|sysop=Full}}-protection-shackle.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=محفوظ]] | text = هي {{Namespace detect|template=سانچو|module=ماڊيول|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>ماڊيول</noinclude>}}}}} [[:Category:Modules subject to page protection|صفحي جي حفاظت هيٺ]] آهي{{#if:{{{reason|}}}|{{space}}{{{reason|}}}|. هي هڪ [[وڪيپيڊيا:High-risk templates|تمام نمايان {{Namespace detect|template=سانچو|module=ماڊيول|demospace={{{demospace|<noinclude>ماڊيول</noinclude>}}}}}]] آهي جيڪو وڏي تعداد ۾ صفحن ۾ استعمال ٿئي ٿو، يا تمام گهڻي ڀيرا [[وڪيپيڊيا:Substitution|بدليو وڃي ٿو]]۔ ڇاڪاڻ ته تخريب يا غلطيون ڪيترن ئي صفحن کي متاثر ڪري سگهن ٿيون، ۽ معمولي ترميم به سرورن تي وڏو بار وجهي سگهي ٿي، تنهنڪري ان کي [[وڪيپيڊيا:Protection policy|ترميم کان محفوظ]] ڪيو ويو آهي۔}} }}{{#if:{{{demopage|}}}{{{demospace|}}}|| {{#ifeq: {{ROOTPAGENAME}} | Sandbox | <!-- استعمال ڪندڙ جي سينڊباڪس لاءِ ڪو زمرو نه --> | {{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | doc | sandbox =<!-- /doc يا /sandbox ذيلي صفحن لاءِ ڪو زمرو نه --> | {{#ifeq: {{{nocat|}}} | true | <!-- جيڪڏهن nocat=true هجي ته ڪو زمرو نه --> | {{Module other|module=[[Category:Modules subject to page protection|{{PAGENAME}}]]}} }} }} }} }} }} |#default= }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Module rating/protected}} {{documentation}} </noinclude> sk1m2av07k07fw18pja46diys0uxkhs 375517 375516 2026-05-02T23:02:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ombox | type = notice | image = [[File:Full-protection-shackle.svg|40x40px|link=|alt=محفوظ]] | text = هي سانچو [[:زمرو:Modules subject to page protection|صفحي جي حفاظت هيٺ]] آهي۔ هي هڪ [[وڪيپيڊيا:High-risk templates|تمام نمايان سانچو]] آهي، جيڪو وڏي تعداد ۾ صفحن تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو يا تمام گهڻي ڀيرا بدلي طور استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ تخريب يا غلطيون ڪيترن ئي صفحن کي متاثر ڪري سگهن ٿيون، تنهنڪري هن کي ترميم کان محفوظ ڪيو ويو آهي۔ }}<includeonly>[[زمرو:Modules subject to page protection]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> bw7lvz3zv9us1xwipmwbnj8bo0spkao 10 95952 375525 2026-05-03T00:03:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{testcases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAM... 375525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{testcases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==نه مليو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|اهو متن جيڪو عدد نه هجي}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول بمقابله سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کان سواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==فيچ بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏي انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت (I18N)== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} trsjcew5wnln5fuyelfjyhm9l230g0u 375526 375525 2026-05-03T00:10:46Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سانچو:High-use/test case]] کي [[سانچو:High-use/test cases]] ڏانھن چوريو: غلط ھجي سان عنوان 375525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{testcases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==نه مليو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|اهو متن جيڪو عدد نه هجي}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول بمقابله سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کان سواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==فيچ بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏي انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت (I18N)== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} trsjcew5wnln5fuyelfjyhm9l230g0u 375531 375526 2026-05-03T00:26:16Z Intisar Ali 8681 375531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{testcases|header=High-use}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==سانچو موجود نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|49,500|demo=A template that does not exist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|49,500+|demo=A template that does not exist}}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|text that's not a number}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول ۽ سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کانسواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==اضافي معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==خودڪار ڳاڻيٽو بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏو انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم پيغام== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت / I18N== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|۱۵۸۴۳|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا ۽ ذيلي ماڊيول== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{High-use|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} cg1ug8cbtb024u8llbvy9x0h76dguxk 375537 375531 2026-05-03T00:39:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 375537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{testcases}} ==Empty== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME}}</nowiki>}} ==Count== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==Risk== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==All pages== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==Not found== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==Small number== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==Large number== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==First parameter not an integer== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|text that's not a number}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==Edit notice== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==Module vs Template== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==No percentages== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==Info== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|info=It is used on a really important page.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|info=It is used on a really important page.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==No fetch== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==Discussion page== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=This is a very large number!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==System== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|system=in system messages|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==Internationalization/I18N== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==Sub-templates== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{TEMPLATENAME|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} Translate j57vkj1wmza8a7cmmrctb9kbug3m8ql 375538 375537 2026-05-03T00:39:45Z Intisar Ali 8681 375538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{testcases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==نه مليو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|اهو متن جيڪو عدد نه هجي}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول بمقابله سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کان سواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==فيچ بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏي انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت (I18N)== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} trsjcew5wnln5fuyelfjyhm9l230g0u 375540 375538 2026-05-03T00:46:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{test cases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==نه مليو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|اهو متن جيڪو عدد نه هجي}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول بمقابله سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کان سواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==فيچ بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏي انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت (I18N)== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} 2pw3j32ynzt42tmquho5exvc564i836 375541 375540 2026-05-03T00:47:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Test cases}} ==خالي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__}}</nowiki>}} ==ڳاڻيٽو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|12345466777}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+}}</nowiki>}} ==خطر== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==سڀ صفحا== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470+|all-pages=yes}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|4768470|all-pages=no}}</nowiki>}} ==نه مليو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2234|demo=TemplateThatDoesNotExist}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500 |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|49,500+ |demo=A template that does not exist }}</nowiki>}} ==ننڍو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|13000|demo=High-use}}</nowiki>}} ==وڏو انگ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|9610000|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==پهريون پيراميٽر عدد نه هجي== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|155.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|154.3}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|اهو متن جيڪو عدد نه هجي}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|152+}}</nowiki>}} ==ترميمي نوٽيس== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|28883|form=editnotice}}</nowiki>}} ==ماڊيول بمقابله سانچو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سيڪڙو کان سواءِ== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|no-percent=yes|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==معلومات== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|info=هي هڪ انتهائي اهم صفحي تي استعمال ٿئي ٿو.|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==فيچ بند== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|1=1234|fetch=no|demo=Infobox}}</nowiki>}} ==بحث صفحو== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|2={{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|risk|{{ns:Project talk}}:High-risk templates|info=هي تمام وڏي انگ آهي!|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==سسٽم== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|system=سسٽم پيغامن ۾|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==بين الاقواميت (I18N)== {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|১৫৮৪৩|demo=Yesno}}</nowiki>}} ==ذيلي سانچا== ; [[Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Module:Adjacent stations/Amtrak/doc}}</nowiki>}} ; [[Template:ISO 4217/code]] {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/testcases}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/sandbox}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Template:ISO 4217/code/doc}}</nowiki>}} {{test case nowiki|collapsible=true|code=<nowiki>{{__TEMPLATENAME__|demo=Taxonomy/Salticidae}}</nowiki>}} irkn6s0f9tomrxpjdn4vn6zost7z6mp 10 95953 375527 2026-05-03T00:10:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سانچو:High-use/test case]] کي [[سانچو:High-use/test cases]] ڏانھن چوريو: غلط ھجي سان عنوان 375527 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[سانچو:High-use/test cases]] 4f88fhi7vdgjti0j5syhtc5ecpwi426 10 95954 375539 2026-05-03T00:45:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <onlyinclude><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case|main}}</includeonly></onlyinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> 375539 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template test case|main}}</includeonly></onlyinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! --> 2utb0eu7ohs6ge1e0gmveyq5f7p61hg 10 95955 375543 2026-05-03T00:54:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == جيڪو متن توهان داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٽي ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|3x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{3x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}... 375543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == جيڪو متن توهان داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٽي ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|3x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{3x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; يا پوسٽن تي دستخط ڪرڻ لاءِ{{!:}} : {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:3x|~}}</nowiki>}} : نتيجي طور توهان جو دستخط ظاهر ٿيندو۔ == مثال == {| class="wikitable" |- ! ڪوڊ !! نتيجو |- | {{tlx|3x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} || {{3x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} |} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (بي ترتيب انگن لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> gw3b3veewyxy2t5zm83z1350jvubo3y 10 95956 375545 2026-05-03T00:58:36Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|173,000+}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> هي سانچو پنهنجي پهرين دليل (argument) کي رينڊرنگ انجڻ ذريعي ساڳئي طرح ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == هي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ ميٽا سانچي طو... 375545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|173,000+}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> هي سانچو پنهنجي پهرين دليل (argument) کي رينڊرنگ انجڻ ذريعي ساڳئي طرح ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == هي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ ميٽا سانچي طور مفيد هوندو آهي۔ مثال طور: * وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ۾ اهڙن ٺهڻن کي ٽوڙڻ لاءِ جيڪي ٻي صورت ۾ خاص معنيٰ رکن ٿا۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{1x|~~}}{{1x|~~}}</syntaxhighlight> → {{1x|~~}}{{1x|~~}} * سانچي جي پيراميٽر مان خالي جڳهه (white space) هٽائڻ لاءِ۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>a{{{1| x }}}b</syntaxhighlight> → a{{{1| x }}}b ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>a{{1x|1= {{{1| x }}} }}b</syntaxhighlight> → a{{1x|1= {{{1| x }}} }}b * شرط مطابق ڪجهه مواد لڪائڻ يا ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، جنهن ۾ چونڊيو وڃي ته ڪهڙو سانچو پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ {{#if: {{{x}}} | 2x | 1x }} | hello }}</syntaxhighlight> → {{ {{#if:{{{x}}} | 2x | 1x }} | hello }} ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ {{#if: {{{x}}} | void | 1x }} | hello }}</syntaxhighlight> → {{ {{#if:{{{x}}} | void | 1x }} | hello }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|P1}}، هڪ اهڙو سانچو جيڪو ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ ساڳيو آهي <!--ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو پر مختلف مقصد سان ٺاهيو ويو آهي--> * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 1q5dqc3bhztqzon1dy5cn37lhqijcpp 375546 375545 2026-05-03T00:58:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-risk|ھزارين+}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> هي سانچو پنهنجي پهرين دليل (argument) کي رينڊرنگ انجڻ ذريعي ساڳئي طرح ظاهر ڪري ٿو۔ == استعمال == هي ڪڏهن ڪڏهن هڪ ميٽا سانچي طور مفيد هوندو آهي۔ مثال طور: * وڪي ٽيڪسٽ ۾ اهڙن ٺهڻن کي ٽوڙڻ لاءِ جيڪي ٻي صورت ۾ خاص معنيٰ رکن ٿا۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{1x|~~}}{{1x|~~}}</syntaxhighlight> → {{1x|~~}}{{1x|~~}} * سانچي جي پيراميٽر مان خالي جڳهه (white space) هٽائڻ لاءِ۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>a{{{1| x }}}b</syntaxhighlight> → a{{{1| x }}}b ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>a{{1x|1= {{{1| x }}} }}b</syntaxhighlight> → a{{1x|1= {{{1| x }}} }}b * شرط مطابق ڪجهه مواد لڪائڻ يا ڏيکارڻ لاءِ، جنهن ۾ چونڊيو وڃي ته ڪهڙو سانچو پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو۔ ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ {{#if: {{{x}}} | 2x | 1x }} | hello }}</syntaxhighlight> → {{ {{#if:{{{x}}} | 2x | 1x }} | hello }} ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{ {{#if: {{{x}}} | void | 1x }} | hello }}</syntaxhighlight> → {{ {{#if:{{{x}}} | void | 1x }} | hello }} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|P1}}، هڪ اهڙو سانچو جيڪو ڪارڪردگيءَ ۾ ساڳيو آهي <!--ساڳيو ڪم ڪري ٿو پر مختلف مقصد سان ٺاهيو ويو آهي--> * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> nc2d2l1q21v6pxgl0drajkl514pbm6n 10 95957 375548 2026-05-03T01:00:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٻه ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} : {{tlx|2x|ه... 375548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٻه ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} : {{tlx|2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو|،}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو|،}} == مثال == {| class="wikitable" |- ! ڪوڊ !! نتيجو |- | {{tlx|2x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} || {{2x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} |- | {{tlx|2x|ريڊ سوڪس!|&nbsp;}} || {{2x|ريڊ سوڪس!| }} |} == TemplateData == {{template data header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "متن", "description": "هي متن ورجايو ويندو", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "ٻن ورجائن جي وچ ۾ ايندو", "example": "،", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" } }, "description": "توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٻه ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> k2yrqajufetc5ifumwgyvs4f84yaoe5 375549 375548 2026-05-03T01:01:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 375549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٻه ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} : {{tlx|2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو|،}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{2x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو|،}} == مثال == {| class="wikitable" |- ! ڪوڊ !! نتيجو |- | {{tlx|2x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} || {{2x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} |- | {{tlx|2x|ريڊ سوڪس!|&nbsp;}} || {{2x|ريڊ سوڪس!| }} |} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{template data header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "متن", "description": "هي متن ورجايو ويندو", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "جدا ڪندڙ", "description": "ٻن ورجائن جي وچ ۾ ايندو", "example": "،", "type": "unbalanced-wikitext" } }, "description": "توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو ٻه ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> actxy9k29pz3tz69ciwdqem6mj1l1tm 10 95958 375550 2026-05-03T01:02:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 375550 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> q8zkth2u5n6tyw8wzz8bg5bifb95aw7 10 95959 375551 2026-05-03T01:04:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو '''چار''' ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ اهو پوسٽن تي صحيح ڪرڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن هن ريت استع... 375551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو '''چار''' ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ اهو پوسٽن تي صحيح ڪرڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن هن ريت استعمال ڪيو وڃي {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:4x|~}}</nowiki>}}۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|4x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{4x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; يا پوسٽن تي صحيح ۽ تاريخ لاءِ{{!:}} : {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:4x|~}}</nowiki>}} : توهان جو صحيح ۽ وقت ظاهر ٿيندو۔ == مثال == {| class="wikitable" |- ! ڪوڊ !! نتيجو |- | {{tlx|4x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} || {{4x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} |} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 9patgftami9h3f02tjhcax69mbx35f4 10 95960 375552 2026-05-03T01:05:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 375552 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}{{{1}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> l6git6vj727h46y1ludut90jzentumw 10 95961 375553 2026-05-03T01:07:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو '''پنج''' ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ اهو پوسٽن جي تاريخ ڏيڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن هن ريت است... 375553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي تري ۾ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> == وضاحت == توهان جيڪو متن داخل ڪريو ٿا، اهو '''پنج''' ڀيرا ورجائي ٿو۔ اهو پوسٽن جي تاريخ ڏيڻ لاءِ پڻ استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪڏهن هن ريت استعمال ڪيو وڃي {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:5x|~}}</nowiki>}}۔ == استعمال == : {{tlx|5x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; نتيجو{{!:}} : {{5x|هتي پنهنجو متن لکو}} ; يا پوسٽن جي تاريخ ڏيڻ لاءِ{{!:}} : {{code|<nowiki>{{subst:5x|~}}</nowiki>}} : موجوده وقت (ٽائيم اسٽيمپ) ظاهر ٿيندو۔ == مثال == {| class="wikitable" |- ! ڪوڊ !! نتيجو |- | {{tlx|5x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} || {{5x|ريڊ سوڪس!}} |} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|1x}} * {{tl|2x}} * {{tl|3x}} * {{tl|4x}} * {{tl|5x}} * {{tl|Loop}} (ڪنهن به انگ لاءِ ورجاءُ ڪرڻ لاءِ) <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي ڏيو --> [[زمرو:ورجاءُ وارا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> jl7ufvwomo621h1b4zqr89bdmnmyo2q 10 95962 375567 2026-05-03T01:43:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .frac { white-space: nowrap; } .frac .num, .frac .den { font-size: 80%; line-height: 0; /* we want this inline */ vertical-align: super; } .frac .den { vertical-align: sub; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; /* whit... 375567 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .frac { white-space: nowrap; } .frac .num, .frac .den { font-size: 80%; line-height: 0; /* we want this inline */ vertical-align: super; } .frac .den { vertical-align: sub; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; /* white-space: nowrap; /* already have nowrap above */ } kupllpfs310n1rzl5neixn869f4spyp 10 95963 375568 2026-05-03T01:45:12Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .sfrac { white-space: nowrap; } .sfrac.tion, .sfrac .tion { display: inline-block; vertical-align: -0.5em; font-size: 85%; text-align: center; } .sfrac .num { display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0.0em 0.1em; border-bottom: 1px solid; } .sfrac .den { display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0.1em 0.1em; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); /* re... 375568 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .sfrac { white-space: nowrap; } .sfrac.tion, .sfrac .tion { display: inline-block; vertical-align: -0.5em; font-size: 85%; text-align: center; } .sfrac .num { display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0.0em 0.1em; border-bottom: 1px solid; } .sfrac .den { display: block; line-height: 1em; margin: 0.1em 0.1em; } /* [[Template:Screen reader-only]] is canonical implementation onwiki */ .sr-only { border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); /* removed from CSS */ clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; /* white-space: nowrap; /* already have nowrap above */ } 2z1dgp85vl9i1pzzorux0r9xm788pce 10 95964 375569 2026-05-03T01:46:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||$B=<templatestyles src="Sfrac/styles.css" /><span role="math" class="sfrac {{#if:{{{3|}}}|">{{{1}}}<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="}}<!-- -->tion"><!-- --><span class="num">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1}}}|1}}}}</span><!-- --><span class="sr-only">/</span><!-- --><span class="den">{{{3|{{{2|{{{1|1}}}}}}}}}</span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|</span>}}<!-- --></span>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE AD... 375569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||$B=<templatestyles src="Sfrac/styles.css" /><span role="math" class="sfrac {{#if:{{{3|}}}|">{{{1}}}<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="}}<!-- -->tion"><!-- --><span class="num">{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{2}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{1}}}|1}}}}</span><!-- --><span class="sr-only">/</span><!-- --><span class="den">{{{3|{{{2|{{{1|1}}}}}}}}}</span><!-- -->{{#if:{{{3|}}}|</span>}}<!-- --></span>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES TO /doc SUBPAGE - NOT HERE.--> </noinclude> ex0ad465wrzug530kqwy34906tu4j6j 10 95965 375570 2026-05-03T01:49:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{never substitute}} {{Lua|Module:Unsubst}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Sfrac/styles.css}} هي سانچو عام يا مخلوط [[ڀاڱو|ڀاڱن]] جي هڪ متبادل صورت ٺاهي ٿو، جنهن ۾ [[ونڪيولم (نشان)|ونڪيولم]] (افقي ليڪ) استعمال ٿئي ٿي، [[وڪيپيڊيا:طرزنامو (رياضيات)|سائنسي ۽ رياضياتي متن]] لاءِ۔ هي هڪ، ٻه يا ٽي... 375570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{never substitute}} {{Lua|Module:Unsubst}} {{Uses TemplateStyles|Template:Sfrac/styles.css}} هي سانچو عام يا مخلوط [[ڀاڱو|ڀاڱن]] جي هڪ متبادل صورت ٺاهي ٿو، جنهن ۾ [[ونڪيولم (نشان)|ونڪيولم]] (افقي ليڪ) استعمال ٿئي ٿي، [[وڪيپيڊيا:طرزنامو (رياضيات)|سائنسي ۽ رياضياتي متن]] لاءِ۔ هي هڪ، ٻه يا ٽي پيراميٽر وٺي ٿو: اختياري صحيح عدد (جنهن سان نشان به ٿي سگهي ٿو)، اختياري صورت ۽ لازمي مخرج؛ هن ئي ترتيب ۾۔ ياد رکو ته ٽن پيراميٽرن وارو نسخو مبهم آهي ۽ ان جو مطلب A + {{sfrac|B|C}} يا A · {{sfrac|B|C}} ٿي سگهي ٿو۔ ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|A|B|C}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|A|B|C}} (صحيح عدد، صورت ۽ مخرج) ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|B|C}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|B|C}} (صورت ۽ مخرج) ; <code><nowiki>{{sfrac|C}}</nowiki></code> : {{sfrac|C}} (رڳو مخرج) == مثال == <!--ڀاڱا ڪامن سان جدا ڪيا ويا آهن، جيڪي رڳو اسڪرين ريڊرن کي نظر اچن ٿا، ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اهي هتي خالي جاءِ وارا جدا ڪندڙ نٿا پڙهن--> {{sfrac|2}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|9|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|11|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|13|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|15|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|22|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}}{{sronly|,}}{{sfrac|2{{pi}}|''a''²''b''}} '''{{tl|math|...}} سانچي جي اندر (سٽر اندر رياضي لاءِ):''' {{math| {{sfrac|2}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|9|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|11|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|13|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|15|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|22|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2{{pi}}{{sronly|,}}|''a''²''b''}} }} '''{{tl|bigmath|...}} سانچي جي اندر (الڳ رياضي لاءِ):''' {{bigmath| {{sfrac|2}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|4}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|5}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|6}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|4|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|6|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|8}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|3|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|5|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|7|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|9|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|11|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|13|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|15|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|22|7}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|1|1|16}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|16|2|3}}{{sronly|,}} {{sfrac|2{{pi}}{{sronly|,}}|''a''²''b''}} }} == پيراميٽر == {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata>{ "description": "هي سانچو عام يا مخلوط ڀاڱن جي هڪ متبادل صورت ٺاهي ٿو، جنهن ۾ ونڪيولم (افقي ليڪ) استعمال ٿئي ٿي، سائنسي ۽ رياضياتي متن لاءِ۔ هي 1 کان 3 گمنام پيراميٽرن جي حمايت ڪري ٿو، جن جي معنيٰ سندن جڳهه موجب هوندي آهي.", "params": { "1": { "label": "کاٻي پاسي وارو حصو", "description": "جيڪڏهن رڳو هڪ پيراميٽر ڏنو وڃي ته مخرج۔ جيڪڏهن ٻه پيراميٽر ڏنا وڃن ته صورت۔ جيڪڏهن ٽي پيراميٽر ڏنا وڃن ته صحيح عدد.", "type": "string/line", "required": false }, "2": { "label": "وچ-ساڄو حصو", "description": "جيڪڏهن ٻه پيراميٽر ڏنا وڃن ته مخرج۔ جيڪڏهن ٽي پيراميٽر ڏنا وڃن ته صورت.", "inherits": "1" }, "3": { "label": "ساڄي پاسي وارو حصو", "description": "مخرج، هميشه.", "inherits": "1" }, "font-size": { "label": "فونٽ سائيز", "description": "مرضي مطابق فونٽ سائيز مقرر ڪريو.", "type": "string/line", "required": false } }}</templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * [[وڪيپيڊيا:رياضيات ڏيکارڻ]] * {{tl|frac}}، عام ڀاڱا [[ڀاڱي واري سليش]] سان ڏيکاري ٿو * {{tl|BSsplit}}، متن جون ٻه سٽون، فارميٽنگ اختيارن سان * {{tl|BScvt}}، ٻن فاصلن لاءِ * {{tl|su}} ({{su|p=مٿيون لکت|b=هيٺيون لکت}} متن) – b=هيٺيون لکت ۽ p=[[مٿيون لکت]] ٻنهي کي سڌو رکڻ لاءِ * {{tl|sub}} ({{sub|هيٺيون لکت}} متن) – [[هيٺيون لکت]] ڏيکارڻ لاءِ * {{tl|sup}} ({{sup|مٿيون لکت}} متن) – [[مٿيون لکت]] ڏيکارڻ لاءِ * {{tl|sup sub}} (متن{{sup sub|مٿي|هيٺ}}) – 1=مٿيون لکت ۽ 2=هيٺيون لکت ٻنهي لاءِ * [[مدد:فارمولو ڏيکارڻ#ڀاڱا، ميٽرڪس، گهڻيون سٽون]] * [[مدد:تبديل ڪريو#ڀاڱا]] * [[عددي صورتون]]، هڪ يونيڪوڊ بلاڪ جيڪو گهڻو ڪري عام ڀاڱن تي مشتمل آهي * [[اوپن ٽائپ]] فونٽن جي خاصيت ''afrc''، [[سي ايس ايس]] {{code|font-variant-numeric:stacked-fractions|css}}، جنهن جي 2020 تائين ٿوري حمايت آهي {{Math templates|notation}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الوڪيون هتي رکو --> [[Category:Fraction templates]] }}</includeonly> lhu3d4j9encreou02h26sdpxskjy4ul 10 95966 375581 2026-05-03T02:15:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {| class="infobox" style="float:right; padding:0; text-align:left;" ! style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"| [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] |- | {| style="border:1px #aaa solid" !متن ! style="text-align: center;" |نشان !عامل |- |يوٽا (yotta) | style="text-align: center;" |Y |10²⁴ |- |زيٽا (zetta) | style="text-align: center;" |Z |10²¹ |- |ايڪسا (exa) | style="text-align: center;" |E |10¹⁸ |- |پيٽا (p... 375581 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="float:right; padding:0; text-align:left;" ! style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"| [[ميٽرڪ اڳواٽ لاحقا]] |- | {| style="border:1px #aaa solid" !متن ! style="text-align: center;" |نشان !عامل |- |يوٽا (yotta) | style="text-align: center;" |Y |10²⁴ |- |زيٽا (zetta) | style="text-align: center;" |Z |10²¹ |- |ايڪسا (exa) | style="text-align: center;" |E |10¹⁸ |- |پيٽا (peta) | style="text-align: center;" |P |10¹⁵ |- |ٽيرا (tera) | style="text-align: center;" |T |10¹² |- |گيگا (giga) | style="text-align: center;" |G |10⁹ |- |ميگا (mega) | style="text-align: center;" |M |10⁶ |- |ڪلو (kilo) | style="text-align: center;" |k |10³ |- |هيڪٽو (hecto) | style="text-align: center;" |h |10² |- |ڊيڪا (deca) | style="text-align: center;" |da |10¹ |- |(ڪوبه ناهي) | style="text-align: center;" |(ڪوبه ناهي) |style="padding-left:0.6em; text-align:left;" | &nbsp;1 |- |ڊيشي (deci) | style="text-align: center;" |d |10^&minus;1 |- |سينٽي (centi) | style="text-align: center;" |c |10^&minus;2 |- |ملي (milli) | style="text-align: center;" |m |10^&minus;3 |- |مايڪرو (micro) | style="text-align: center;" |μ |10^&minus;6 |- |نانو (nano) | style="text-align: center;" |n |10^&minus;9 |- |پيڪو (pico) | style="text-align: center;" |p |10^&minus;12 |- |فيمٽو (femto) | style="text-align: center;" |f |10⁻¹⁵ |- |اٽو (atto) | style="text-align: center;" |a |10^&minus;18 |- |زيپٽو (zepto) | style="text-align: center;" |z |10^&minus;21 |- |يوڪٽو (yocto) | style="text-align: center;" |y |10⁻²⁴ |} |- | {{navbar|Sidebar metric prefixes|mini=1}} |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> <noinclude>{{convert to use Sidebar}}</noinclude> lfn9oj3edq8lgcl72iz9qneh2bc4urj 375582 375581 2026-05-03T02:16:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375582 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="float:right; padding:0; text-align:left;" ! style="text-align:center; background:#ccf;"| [[ميٽرڪ پريفڪسز]] |- | {| style="border:1px #aaa solid" !متن ! style="text-align: center;" |نشان !عامل |- |يوٽا (yotta) | style="text-align: center;" |Y |10²⁴ |- |زيٽا (zetta) | style="text-align: center;" |Z |10²¹ |- |ايڪسا (exa) | style="text-align: center;" |E |10¹⁸ |- |پيٽا (peta) | style="text-align: center;" |P |10¹⁵ |- |ٽيرا (tera) | style="text-align: center;" |T |10¹² |- |گيگا (giga) | style="text-align: center;" |G |10⁹ |- |ميگا (mega) | style="text-align: center;" |M |10⁶ |- |ڪلو (kilo) | style="text-align: center;" |k |10³ |- |هيڪٽو (hecto) | style="text-align: center;" |h |10² |- |ڊيڪا (deca) | style="text-align: center;" |da |10¹ |- |(ڪوبه ناهي) | style="text-align: center;" |(ڪوبه ناهي) |style="padding-left:0.6em; text-align:left;" | &nbsp;1 |- |ڊيشي (deci) | style="text-align: center;" |d |10^&minus;1 |- |سينٽي (centi) | style="text-align: center;" |c |10^&minus;2 |- |ملي (milli) | style="text-align: center;" |m |10^&minus;3 |- |مايڪرو (micro) | style="text-align: center;" |μ |10^&minus;6 |- |نانو (nano) | style="text-align: center;" |n |10^&minus;9 |- |پيڪو (pico) | style="text-align: center;" |p |10^&minus;12 |- |فيمٽو (femto) | style="text-align: center;" |f |10⁻¹⁵ |- |اٽو (atto) | style="text-align: center;" |a |10^&minus;18 |- |زيپٽو (zepto) | style="text-align: center;" |z |10^&minus;21 |- |يوڪٽو (yocto) | style="text-align: center;" |y |10⁻²⁴ |} |- | {{navbar|Sidebar metric prefixes|mini=1}} |}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> <noinclude>{{convert to use Sidebar}}</noinclude> dw5okwyb0wtri28v67dzgw6vpw7jfh2 10 95967 375583 2026-05-03T02:17:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- زمرا هن لائين کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> [[Category:ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> 375583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> == استعمال == <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- زمرا هن لائين کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> [[Category:ايس آءِ اڳواٽ لاحقا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> pu482wwhgd6r3k7ynslpcmdd8aal59w 828 95968 375584 2026-05-03T02:22:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: -- This module provides some functions to prepare template parameters -- for use with Template:Convert. -- This module is not used by Template:Convert or Module:Convert. local function stripToNil(text) -- If text is a non-empty string, return its trimmed content, -- otherwise return nothing (empty string or not a string). if type(text) == 'string' then return text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end end -- Remove commas and references (any strip markers) from a number. -- Fir... 375584 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides some functions to prepare template parameters -- for use with Template:Convert. -- This module is not used by Template:Convert or Module:Convert. local function stripToNil(text) -- If text is a non-empty string, return its trimmed content, -- otherwise return nothing (empty string or not a string). if type(text) == 'string' then return text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end end -- Remove commas and references (any strip markers) from a number. -- First usage in Template:Infobox_UK_place/dist (June 2018) local function cleanNumber(frame) local args = frame.args local text = stripToNil(args[1]) or '' if text == '' or tonumber(text) then return text end return mw.text.killMarkers(text):gsub(',', '') end local fractions = { ['½'] = '1/2', ['⅓'] = '1/3', ['⅔'] = '2/3', ['¼'] = '1/4', ['¾'] = '3/4', ['⅛'] = '1/8', ['⅜'] = '3/8', ['⅝'] = '5/8', ['⅞'] = '7/8', } local fractionNumbers = { ['½'] = 1/2, ['⅓'] = 1/3, ['⅔'] = 2/3, ['¼'] = 1/4, ['¾'] = 3/4, ['⅛'] = 1/8, ['⅜'] = 3/8, ['⅝'] = 5/8, ['⅞'] = 7/8, } -- Format regular input with fraction (MOS-confirmant) into Convert-format "12+3/8" ("+" added). -- First usage in Template:NFL_predraft (August 2017) local function number(frame) --[[ Preprocess a template parameter to translate a number to be used as input for {{convert}}. {{#invoke:convert/helper|number|12 3/8}} → 12+3/8 Input Output 12 12 12 3/8 12+3/8 {{frac|12|3|8}} 12+3/8 12{{frac|3|8}} 12+3/8 12⅜ 12+3/8 Template:Fraction redirects to Template:Frac so either may be used in the input. ]] local args = frame.args local text = stripToNil(args[1]) or '' if text == '' or tonumber(text) then return text -- examples: '', '12', '12.3', '12.3e4', or negative end text = text:gsub('&nbsp;', ' '):gsub(' +', ' '):gsub(' *%+ *', '+'):gsub('&frasl;', '/'):gsub('⁄', '/') local integer, numerator, denominator, rest -- Look for a fraction of form '12 3/8' or '12+3/8' or '3/8'. integer, numerator, denominator = text:match('^(%d+)[ +](%d+)/(%d+)$') if integer then return integer .. '+' .. numerator .. '/' .. denominator end numerator, denominator = text:match('^(%d+)/(%d+)$') if numerator then return numerator .. '/' .. denominator end -- Look for an expanded fraction such as the result of {{frac|12|3|8}} or 12{{frac|3|8}} or {{frac|3|8}}. numerator, denominator = text:match('^(%d+)/_(%d+)</span>') if numerator then integer = text:match('(%d+)<span class="sr-only">') or text:match('^(%d+)%s*&#x200B;<span') or -- Template:Frac outputs zwsp since December 2017 text:match('^(%d+)%s*<span') return (integer and (integer .. '+') or '') .. numerator .. '/' .. denominator end -- Look for a fraction of form '12¾' or '¾'. integer, rest = text:match('^(%d*)%s*(.*)') local expand = fractions[rest] if expand then return (integer == '' and integer or (integer .. '+')) .. expand end return text end local function distanceNumber(text) -- Return a number corresponding to text (0 if text is empty) or throw an error if invalid. text = text or 0 if tonumber(text) then return tonumber(text) end -- Look for a fraction of form '12¾' or '¾'. local integer, expand = text:match('^(%d*)%s*(.*)') if integer == '' then integer = 0 else integer = tonumber(integer) end if expand == '' then expand = 0 else expand = fractionNumbers[expand] end if integer and expand then return integer + expand end error('Invalid number "' .. text .. '"', 0) end -- First usage in Template:Horse_race_distance (January 2024) local function horseRaceDistance(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args local miles = stripToNil(args[1]) local furlongs = stripToNil(args[2]) local yards = stripToNil(args[3]) local show = {} if miles then table.insert(show, miles .. 'm') end if furlongs then table.insert(show, furlongs .. 'f') end if yards then table.insert(show, yards .. 'y') end miles = distanceNumber(miles) furlongs = distanceNumber(furlongs) yards = distanceNumber(yards) local meters = miles * 1609.344 + furlongs * 201.168 + yards * 0.9144 return '<span data-sort-value="' .. tostring(meters) .. '&nbsp;!">' .. table.concat(show, ' ') .. '</span>' end return { number = number, cleanNumber = cleanNumber, horseRaceDistance = horseRaceDistance, } pzffhz87cqrsqf2dz7wtn4hoanxl29a 828 95969 375585 2026-05-03T02:24:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> هي ماڊيول [[ماڊيول:Convert]] طرفان استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ اهو سانچن ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو ته جيئن عام لکت واري ان پُٽ کي ترتيب ڏنل ان پُٽ ۾ تبديل ڪيو وڃي۔ مثال طور: :<nowiki>{{convert... 375585 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪي ڊيٽا]]) --> هي ماڊيول [[ماڊيول:Convert]] طرفان استعمال نٿو ٿئي۔ اهو سانچن ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو ته جيئن عام لکت واري ان پُٽ کي ترتيب ڏنل ان پُٽ ۾ تبديل ڪيو وڃي۔ مثال طور: :<nowiki>{{convert|{{#invoke:Convert/helper |number |1=15 4/3 }}|...}}</nowiki> &rarr; <nowiki>{{convert|</nowiki>{{#invoke:Convert/helper |number |1=15 4/3 }}|<nowiki>...}}</nowiki> == استعمال == {{tl|NFL predraft}} ۾ لاڳو ٿيل۔ <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- زمرا هن لائين کان هيٺ شامل ڪريو؛ بين الوڪي ڳنڍڻا وڪي ڊيٽا تي --> }}</includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:ماڊيول دستاويزي صفحا]] </noinclude> 727a76wwmjlevjwes04z69d7841yrpy 10 95970 375590 2026-05-03T02:42:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====کثافت==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Density |+ ڪثافت<!--<br /><small>([[:سانچو:convert/list of units/density|مڪمل فهرست]])</small>--> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"... 375590 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====کثافت==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Density |+ ڪثافت<!--<br /><small>([[:سانچو:convert/list of units/density|مڪمل فهرست]])</small>--> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kg/m3|place=top}} * kg/m3 lb/ft3 (kg/m3 lb/cuft) * kg/m3 lb/yd3 (kg/m3 lb/cuyd) {{convert/list of units/unitrow|g/m3}} * g/m3 kg/m3 * g/m3 lb/ft3 (g/cm3 lb/cuft) * g/m3 lb/yd3 (g/cm3 lb/cuyd) |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|lb/ft3|place=top}} * lb/ft3 kg/m3 (lb/cu ft g/m3) * lb/ft3 g/m3 (lb/cu ft g/m3) {{convert/list of units/unitrow|lb/yd3}} * lb/yd3 kg/m3 (lb/cuyd kg/m3) * lb/yd3 g/m3 (lb/cuyd g/m3) |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/کثافت/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> chwvdrppv6xw45cxm4bhpueviwnut7y 10 95971 375591 2026-05-03T02:47:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====توانائي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Energy |+ توانائي<br /><small>([[سانچو:Convert/list of units/energy|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=11 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"... 375591 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====توانائي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Energy |+ توانائي<br /><small>([[سانچو:Convert/list of units/energy|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=11 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[بين الاقوامي نظامِ يونٽ (SI)]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GJ|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|hJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|daJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|J}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|dJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|μJ|altab=uJ}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|nJ}} |- |rowspan=3 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[سينٽي ميٽر-گرام-سيڪنڊ نظام (cgs)]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Merg|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kerg}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|erg}} |- |rowspan=10 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[واٽ-ڪلاڪ]] جا گهڻا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|TWh|place=top|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|TW.h}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GWh|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|GW.h}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MWh|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|MW.h}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kWh|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|kW.h}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Wh|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|W.h}} |- |rowspan=6 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[اليڪٽران وولٽ]] جا گهڻا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GeV}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MeV}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|keV}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|eV}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|meV}} |- |rowspan=5 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[ڪيلوري]] جا گهڻا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Cal|place=top|unitrowspan=1|exrowspan=1|rowspan=5|note=ٿرمو-ڪيميڪل ڪيلوري ڊيفالٽ تعريف آهي۔ ٻين لاءِ ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units/energy|مڪمل فهرست]].}} {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|Mcal}} {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|kcal}} {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|cal}} {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|mcal}} |- |rowspan=8 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[پائونڊ-فورس]]/[[اونس]]-[[فٽ (ڊيگهه)|فٽ]]/[[انچ]]-[[ڪلاڪ]]-[[منٽ]]-[[سيڪنڊ]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ftpdl|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ftlbf|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|ftlb-f}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|inlbf|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|inlb-f}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|inozf|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|inoz-f}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|hph}} |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[برطانوي حرارتي يونٽ]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Btu|place=top|unitrowspan=2|exrowspan=1|rowspan=2|note=انٽرنيشنل اسٽيم ٽيبل وارو برطانوي حرارتي يونٽ استعمال ٿئي ٿو۔ ٻين لاءِ ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units/energy|مڪمل فهرست]].}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|BTU}} |- |rowspan=8 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[TNT مساوي]] بنياد تي يونٽ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GtTNT|place=top|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|GtonTNT}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MtTNT|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|MtonTNT}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ktTNT|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|ktonTNT}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|tTNT|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|tonTNT}} |- |rowspan=6 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ٻيا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Eh}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Ry}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|toe}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|BOE}} |- |[[يونٽن جي تبديلي|قدرتي گيس جو ڪعبي فٽ]] || colspan=3 align=left | cuftnaturalgas (cufootnaturalgas) || يونٽ ڪوڊ <small>cufootnaturalgas</small> جمع صورت ۾ "قدرتي گيس جو ڪعبي فٽ" ڏيکاريندو || align=right |{{convert|1.0|cuftnaturalgas|abbr=on|lk=on}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/توانائي/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> 44sne9foi0yv6zsqi6z6ictoekzbwub 0 95972 375596 2026-05-03T07:00:34Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabbi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. م... 375596 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabbi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. traax5tomh33d2n58hqjm037x5ygeot 375597 375596 2026-05-03T07:01:11Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375597 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabbi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] obgelf24v51oqa5hk1k858cpu1xty4f 375598 375597 2026-05-03T07:01:40Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:دستاويز]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375598 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabbi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] snl9za15q1mecpzy2wkbd65wdsv4ekb 375599 375598 2026-05-03T07:02:07Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:قديم آثار]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375599 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabbi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] gfg08amxwbmdvrcpojdp2swmtse8vq3 375600 375599 2026-05-03T07:03:37Z Ibne maryam 17680 375600 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] 62y94q7y1izb2whmags87xh1qmk9tm2 375601 375600 2026-05-03T07:04:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[حمورابي جو ڪوڊ]] کي [[حمورابي جو قانون]] ڏانھن چوريو 375600 wikitext text/x-wiki حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] 62y94q7y1izb2whmags87xh1qmk9tm2 375603 375601 2026-05-03T07:06:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Babylonian legal text}} {{Infobox document | document_name = Hammurabi's code | image = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = Photograph. The stele of the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre Museum in Paris. | caption = The Louvre stele | image2 = | image2_size = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | date_created = {{circa|1753 BC}} | date_presented = | date_ratified = | date_effective = | date_repeal = | location_of_document = {{ubl|[[Louvre Museum]], [[Ile-de-France]], France (originally [[Sippar]], [[Mesopotamia]] (now [[Iraq]]), found at [[Susa]], Iran)|Replicas: various}} | commissioned = | writer = [[Hammurabi]] | signers = | media_type = [[Basalt]] [[stele]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasson |first1=Jack |title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East |publisher=Hendrickson |isbn=0684192799 |pages=901, 908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Leslie |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=35}}</ref> | subject = Law, justice | purpose = Debated: [[legislation]], [[law report]], or [[jurisprudence]] | wikisource = Code of Hammurabi }} حمورابي جو قانون (Code of Hammurabi) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو تقريباً 1753 ق.م. ۾ ٺهيل هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ بابل جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، حمورابي جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي 2.25 ميٽر (7 فوٽ 4+1⁄2 انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. The '''Code of Hammurabi''' is a [[Babylon]]ian legal text composed {{Circa}} 1753 BC. It is the longest, best-organized, and best-preserved legal text from the [[ancient Near East]]. It is written in the Old Babylonian dialect of [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], purportedly by [[Hammurabi]], sixth king of the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]]. The primary copy of the text is inscribed on a [[basalt]] [[stele]] {{height|m=2.25}} tall. The stele was rediscovered in 1901 at the site of [[Susa]] in present-day [[Iran]], where it had been taken as plunder 600 years after its creation. The text itself was copied and studied by Mesopotamian scribes for over a millennium. The stele now resides in the [[Louvre Museum]]. The top of the stele features an image in [[bas-relief|relief]] of Hammurabi with [[Shamash]], the Babylonian [[sun god]] and god of justice. Below the relief are about 4,130 lines of [[cuneiform]] text: one fifth contains a prologue and epilogue in poetic style, while the remaining four fifths contain what are generally called the laws. In the prologue, Hammurabi claims to have been granted his rule by the gods "to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak". The laws are [[casuistic]], expressed as "if{{nbsp}}... then" [[conditional sentences]]. Their scope is broad, including, for example, [[criminal law]], [[family law]], [[property law]], and [[commercial law]]. Modern scholars responded to the Code with admiration at its perceived fairness and respect for the [[rule of law]], and at the complexity of Old Babylonian society. There was also much discussion of its influence on the [[Mosaic Law]]. Scholars quickly identified {{lang|la|[[lex talionis]]}}—the "eye for an eye" principle—underlying the two collections. Debate among [[Assyriologists]] has since centred around several aspects of the Code: its purpose, its underlying principles, its language, and its relation to earlier and later law collections. Despite the uncertainty surrounding these issues, Hammurabi is regarded outside Assyriology as an important figure in the history of law and the document as a true legal code. The [[U.S. Capitol]] has a relief portrait of Hammurabi alongside those of other historic lawgivers. There are replicas of the stele in numerous institutions, including the [[headquarters of the United Nations]] in [[New York City]], the [[Pergamon Museum]] in [[Berlin]] and the University of Chicago's [[Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures]]. {{TOC limit|3}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] 9av87hbrswhuw0opbbnsvo3c6nqgklw 375604 375603 2026-05-03T07:22:11Z Ibne maryam 17680 375604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Babylonian legal text}} {{Infobox document | document_name = حمورابي جو ڪوڊ<br> Hammurabi's code | image = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = Photograph. The stele of the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre Museum in Paris. | caption = [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ موجود پٿر جي تختي (Stelle) جنهن تي ڪوڊ لکيل آهي. | image2 = | image2_size = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | date_created = {{circa|1753 BC}} | date_presented = | date_ratified = | date_effective = | date_repeal = | location_of_document = [[لوور ميوزيم]]، [[پيرس]]، [[فرانس]] (اصل جاء: سيپار، [[ميسوپوٽيميا]])، [[ايران]] جي سوسه شهر ويجهو، نقلون [[عراق]] ۽ ٻئي ڪيتري ئي جاء تي موجود آهن. | commissioned = | writer = [[حمورابي]] | signers = | media_type = سنگ مرمر (باسالت پٿر) جي تختي<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasson |first1=Jack |title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East |publisher=Hendrickson |isbn=0684192799 |pages=901, 908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Leslie |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=35}}</ref> | subject = [[قانون]]، [[انصاف]] | purpose = تڪراري: قانون سازي، قانون جو اعلان يا قانون جي وضاحت | wikisource = Code of Hammurabi }} حمورابي جو قانون (<small>Code of Hammurabi</small>) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ سال <small>1753</small> ق.م. ۾ ٺهيو هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ [[بابل]] ([[اڪادي سلطنت]]) جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، [[حمورابي]] جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي <small>2.25</small> ميٽر (<small>7</small> فوٽ <small>4</small> انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. The '''Code of Hammurabi''' is a [[Babylon]]ian legal text composed {{Circa}} 1753 BC. It is the longest, best-organized, and best-preserved legal text from the [[ancient Near East]]. It is written in the Old Babylonian dialect of [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], purportedly by [[Hammurabi]], sixth king of the [[First Dynasty of Babylon]]. The primary copy of the text is inscribed on a [[basalt]] [[stele]] {{height|m=2.25}} tall. The stele was rediscovered in 1901 at the site of [[Susa]] in present-day [[Iran]], where it had been taken as plunder 600 years after its creation. The text itself was copied and studied by Mesopotamian scribes for over a millennium. The stele now resides in the [[Louvre Museum]]. The top of the stele features an image in [[bas-relief|relief]] of Hammurabi with [[Shamash]], the Babylonian [[sun god]] and god of justice. Below the relief are about 4,130 lines of [[cuneiform]] text: one fifth contains a prologue and epilogue in poetic style, while the remaining four fifths contain what are generally called the laws. In the prologue, Hammurabi claims to have been granted his rule by the gods "to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak". The laws are [[casuistic]], expressed as "if{{nbsp}}... then" [[conditional sentences]]. Their scope is broad, including, for example, [[criminal law]], [[family law]], [[property law]], and [[commercial law]]. Modern scholars responded to the Code with admiration at its perceived fairness and respect for the [[rule of law]], and at the complexity of Old Babylonian society. There was also much discussion of its influence on the [[Mosaic Law]]. Scholars quickly identified {{lang|la|[[lex talionis]]}}—the "eye for an eye" principle—underlying the two collections. Debate among [[Assyriologists]] has since centred around several aspects of the Code: its purpose, its underlying principles, its language, and its relation to earlier and later law collections. Despite the uncertainty surrounding these issues, Hammurabi is regarded outside Assyriology as an important figure in the history of law and the document as a true legal code. The [[U.S. Capitol]] has a relief portrait of Hammurabi alongside those of other historic lawgivers. There are replicas of the stele in numerous institutions, including the [[headquarters of the United Nations]] in [[New York City]], the [[Pergamon Museum]] in [[Berlin]] and the University of Chicago's [[Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures]]. {{TOC limit|3}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] n3qwsvvg8wius47gbr4a3cozllsoicw 375605 375604 2026-05-03T07:48:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 375605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Babylonian legal text}} {{Infobox document | document_name = حمورابي جو ڪوڊ<br> Hammurabi's code | image = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = Photograph. The stele of the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre Museum in Paris. | caption = [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ موجود پٿر جي تختي (Stelle) جنهن تي ڪوڊ لکيل آهي. | image2 = | image2_size = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | date_created = {{circa|1753 BC}} | date_presented = | date_ratified = | date_effective = | date_repeal = | location_of_document = [[لوور ميوزيم]]، [[پيرس]]، [[فرانس]] (اصل جاء: سيپار، [[ميسوپوٽيميا]])، [[ايران]] جي سوسه شهر ويجهو، نقلون [[عراق]] ۽ ٻئي ڪيتري ئي جاء تي موجود آهن. | commissioned = | writer = [[حمورابي]] | signers = | media_type = سنگ مرمر (باسالت پٿر) جي تختي<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasson |first1=Jack |title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East |publisher=Hendrickson |isbn=0684192799 |pages=901, 908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Leslie |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=35}}</ref> | subject = [[قانون]]، [[انصاف]] | purpose = تڪراري: قانون سازي، قانون جو اعلان يا قانون جي وضاحت | wikisource = Code of Hammurabi }} حمورابي جو قانون (<small>Code of Hammurabi</small>) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ سال <small>1753</small> ق.م. ۾ ٺهيو هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ [[بابل]] ([[اڪادي سلطنت]]) جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، [[حمورابي]] جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي <small>2.25</small> ميٽر (<small>7</small> فوٽ <small>4</small> انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. هي ڪتبو 1901ع ۾ موجوده ايران ۾ سوسا جي جاءِ تي ٻيهر دريافت ڪيو ويو، جتي ان جي تخليق کان 600 سال پوءِ ان کي لُٽي طور ورتو ويو هو. متن پاڻ هڪ هزار سالن کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين ميسوپوٽيميا جي لکندڙن پاران نقل ڪيو ويو ۽ ان جو مطالعو ڪيو ويو. اها ڪتبو هاڻي پيرس جي لوور ميوزيم ۾ موجود آهي. ڪتبي جي چوٽي تي حمورابي جي رليف ۾ شماش (بابلي سج ۽ انصاف جو ديوتا) سان گڏ هڪ تصوير آهي. هن جي هيٺان تقريباً 4,130 اکرن تي مشتمل ڪينيفارم متن جي پٿر چٽسالي آهي. هڪ پنجون حصو شاعرانه انداز ۾ هڪ پيش لفظ ۽ ايپيلوگ تي مشتمل آهي. جڏهن ته باقي چار پنجون حصو انهن قانون تي مشتمل آهي، جنهن کي "حمورابي جو ڪوڊ" سڏيو ويندو آهي. پيش لفظ (Prologue) ۾ حمورابي دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته ديوتائن پاران، "طاقتور کي ڪمزور تي ظلم ڪرڻ کان روڪڻ لاءِ" سندس حڪمراني ڏني وئي آهي. قانون جو متن "جيڪڏهن ... پوءِ" جهڙي مشروط جملن جي طور تي ظاهر ڪيو ويو آهي ۽ انهن جو دائرو وسيع آهي. مثال طور. فوجداري قانون، خانداني قانون، ملڪيت جو قانون ۽ تجارتي قانون تائين وسيع آهي. جديد عالمن ڪوڊ کي، ان جي سمجھيل انصاف ۽ قانون جي حڪمراني جي احترام جي تعريف سان ساراهيو آهي ۽ پراڻي بابلي سماج جي پيچيدگي تي اشارو ڪندڙ قرار ڏنو آهي. تورات جي قانون (موسوي شريعت) تي ان جي اثر بابت پڻ تمام گهڻي بحث ٿي آهي. عالمن، ٻن مجموعن جي بنياد تي جلدي ليڪس ٽيليونس جي سڃاڻپ ڪئي، جئين ته "اک جي بدلي اک" جو اصول. اشوري مطالعي جي ماهرن جي وچ ۾ بحث ان وقت کان وٺي ڪوڊ جي ڪيترن ئي پهلوئن جي چوڌاري مرڪوز آهي، جئين ته ان جو مقصد، ان جا بنيادي اصول، ان جي ٻولي ۽ اڳوڻي ۽ پوء جي قانوني مجموعن سان ان جو تعلق. انهن مسئلن جي چوڌاري غير يقيني صورتحال جي باوجود، حمورابي کي اشوريالوجي کان ٻاهر قانون جي تاريخ ۾ هڪ اهم وجود ۽ دستاويز کي هڪ سچي قانوني ڪوڊ طور سمجهيو ويندو آهي. آمريڪا جي حڪومتي عمارت، "ڪيپيٽول هلز" ۾، ٻين تاريخي قانون سازن سان گڏ، حمورابي جو هڪ پورٽريٽ پڻ موجود آهي، ڪيترن ئي ادارن ۾ ڪتبي جون نقلون موجود آهن، جن ۾ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ گڏيل قومن جي هيڊ ڪوارٽر، برلن ۾ پرگامون ميوزيم ۽ يونيورسٽي آف شڪاگو جو انسٽيٽيوٽ فار دي اسٽڊي آف اينشينٽ ڪلچرز شامل آهن.{{TOC limit|3}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] bkcfgdw414ipoapcf2d3t34xemge2kh 375606 375605 2026-05-03T07:50:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 375606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Babylonian legal text}} {{Infobox document | document_name = حمورابي جو ڪوڊ<br> Hammurabi's code | image = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = Photograph. The stele of the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre Museum in Paris. | caption = [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ موجود پٿر جي تختي (Stelle) جنهن تي ڪوڊ لکيل آهي. | image2 = | image2_size = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | date_created = {{circa|1753 BC}} | date_presented = | date_ratified = | date_effective = | date_repeal = | location_of_document = [[لوور ميوزيم]]، [[پيرس]]، [[فرانس]] (اصل جاء: سيپار، [[ميسوپوٽيميا]])، [[ايران]] جي سوسه شهر ويجهو، نقلون [[عراق]] ۽ ٻئي ڪيتري ئي جاء تي موجود آهن. | commissioned = | writer = [[حمورابي]] | signers = | media_type = سنگ مرمر (باسالت پٿر) جي تختي<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasson |first1=Jack |title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East |publisher=Hendrickson |isbn=0684192799 |pages=901, 908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Leslie |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=35}}</ref> | subject = [[قانون]]، [[انصاف]] | purpose = تڪراري: قانون سازي، قانون جو اعلان يا قانون جي وضاحت | wikisource = Code of Hammurabi }} حمورابي جو قانون (<small>Code of Hammurabi</small>) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ سال <small>1753</small> ق.م. ۾ ٺهيو هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ [[بابل]] ([[اڪادي سلطنت]]) جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، [[حمورابي]] جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي <small>2.25</small> ميٽر (<small>7</small> فوٽ <small>4</small> انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. هي ڪتبو 1901ع ۾ موجوده ايران ۾ سوسا جي جاءِ تي ٻيهر دريافت ڪيو ويو، جتي ان جي تخليق کان 600 سال پوءِ ان کي لُٽي طور ورتو ويو هو. متن پاڻ هڪ هزار سالن کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين ميسوپوٽيميا جي لکندڙن پاران نقل ڪيو ويو ۽ ان جو مطالعو ڪيو ويو. اها ڪتبو هاڻي پيرس جي لوور ميوزيم ۾ موجود آهي. ڪتبي جي چوٽي تي حمورابي جي رليف ۾ شماش (بابلي سج ۽ انصاف جو ديوتا) سان گڏ هڪ تصوير آهي. هن جي هيٺان تقريباً 4,130 اکرن تي مشتمل ڪينيفارم متن جي پٿر چٽسالي آهي. هڪ پنجون حصو شاعرانه انداز ۾ هڪ پيش لفظ ۽ ايپيلوگ تي مشتمل آهي. جڏهن ته باقي چار پنجون حصو انهن قانون تي مشتمل آهي، جنهن کي "حمورابي جو ڪوڊ" سڏيو ويندو آهي. پيش لفظ (Prologue) ۾ حمورابي دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته ديوتائن پاران، "طاقتور کي ڪمزور تي ظلم ڪرڻ کان روڪڻ لاءِ" سندس حڪمراني ڏني وئي آهي. قانون جو متن "جيڪڏهن ... پوءِ" جهڙي مشروط جملن جي طور تي ظاهر ڪيو ويو آهي ۽ انهن جو دائرو وسيع آهي. مثال طور. فوجداري قانون، خانداني قانون، ملڪيت جو قانون ۽ تجارتي قانون تائين وسيع آهي. جديد عالمن ڪوڊ کي، ان جي سمجھيل انصاف ۽ قانون جي حڪمراني جي احترام جي تعريف سان ساراهيو آهي ۽ پراڻي بابلي سماج جي پيچيدگي تي اشارو ڪندڙ قرار ڏنو آهي. تورات جي قانون (موسوي شريعت) تي ان جي اثر بابت پڻ تمام گهڻي بحث ٿي آهي. عالمن، ٻن مجموعن جي بنياد تي جلدي ليڪس ٽيليونس جي سڃاڻپ ڪئي، جئين ته "اک جي بدلي اک" جو اصول. اشوري مطالعي جي ماهرن جي وچ ۾ بحث ان وقت کان وٺي ڪوڊ جي ڪيترن ئي پهلوئن جي چوڌاري مرڪوز آهي، جئين ته ان جو مقصد، ان جا بنيادي اصول، ان جي ٻولي ۽ اڳوڻي ۽ پوء جي قانوني مجموعن سان ان جو تعلق. انهن مسئلن جي چوڌاري غير يقيني صورتحال جي باوجود، حمورابي کي اشوريالوجي کان ٻاهر قانون جي تاريخ ۾ هڪ اهم وجود ۽ دستاويز کي هڪ سچي قانوني ڪوڊ طور سمجهيو ويندو آهي. آمريڪا جي حڪومتي عمارت، "ڪيپيٽول هلز" ۾، ٻين تاريخي قانون سازن سان گڏ، حمورابي جو هڪ پورٽريٽ پڻ موجود آهي، ڪيترن ئي ادارن ۾ ڪتبي جون نقلون موجود آهن، جن ۾ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ گڏيل قومن جي هيڊ ڪوارٽر، برلن ۾ پرگامون ميوزيم ۽ يونيورسٽي آف شڪاگو جو انسٽيٽيوٽ فار دي اسٽڊي آف اينشينٽ ڪلچرز شامل آهن.{{TOC limit|3}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons and category}} {{Wikisource|Codex Hammurabi}} {{Wikiversity|Hammurabi's Code}} * [https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artifacts/464358 CDLI's transliteration, normalisation, and translation] * [https://archive.org/stream/mmoires04franuoft#page/n6/mode/1up Scheil's {{lang|la|editio princeps}}] (in French) * [http://www.general-intelligence.com/library/hr.pdf King's translation] * [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17150/17150-h/17150-h.htm Johns' translation] * [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Code_of_Hammurabi_(Harper_translation) Harper's translation (Wikisource)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201205050436/http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/law-code-hammurabi-king-babylon The Louvre's page] {{portal|Law|Middle East|Iraq|Iran}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Code of Hammurabi}} [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] ndyxm6bclffvh9w8u9annhap0nbjrs8 375607 375606 2026-05-03T07:51:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 375607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Babylonian legal text}} {{Infobox document | document_name = حمورابي جو ڪوڊ<br> Hammurabi's code | image = P1050763 Louvre code Hammurabi face rwk.JPG | image_size = | image_alt = Photograph. The stele of the Code of Hammurabi in the Louvre Museum in Paris. | caption = [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ موجود پٿر جي تختي (Stelle) جنهن تي ڪوڊ لکيل آهي. | image2 = | image2_size = | image2_alt = | caption2 = | date_created = {{circa|1753 BC}} | date_presented = | date_ratified = | date_effective = | date_repeal = | location_of_document = [[لوور ميوزيم]]، [[پيرس]]، [[فرانس]] (اصل جاء: سيپار، [[ميسوپوٽيميا]])، [[ايران]] جي سوسه شهر ويجهو، نقلون [[عراق]] ۽ ٻئي ڪيتري ئي جاء تي موجود آهن. | commissioned = | writer = [[حمورابي]] | signers = | media_type = سنگ مرمر (باسالت پٿر) جي تختي<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sasson |first1=Jack |title=Civilizations of the Ancient Near East |publisher=Hendrickson |isbn=0684192799 |pages=901, 908}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=Leslie |title=Art and Architecture of the World's Religions |publisher=Greenwood Press |pages=35}}</ref> | subject = [[قانون]]، [[انصاف]] | purpose = تڪراري: قانون سازي، قانون جو اعلان يا قانون جي وضاحت | wikisource = Code of Hammurabi }} حمورابي جو قانون (<small>Code of Hammurabi</small>) هڪ بابلي قانوني متن آهي جيڪو لڳ ڀڳ سال <small>1753</small> ق.م. ۾ ٺهيو هو. اهو قديم ويجهي اوڀر جو سڀ کان ڊگهو، بهترين منظم ۽ بهترين محفوظ قانوني متن آهي. اهو اڪادي ٻولي جي پراڻي بابلي لهجي ۾ [[بابل]] ([[اڪادي سلطنت]]) جي پهرين خاندان جي ڇهين بادشاهه، [[حمورابي]] جي حڪم تي لکيو ويو. متن جي بنيادي ڪاپي <small>2.25</small> ميٽر (<small>7</small> فوٽ <small>4</small> انچ) ڊگهي بيسالٽ اسٽيل تي لکيل آهي، جيڪا هاڻ [[پيرس]] جي [[لوور ميوزيم]] ۾ محفوظ آهي. هي ڪتبو 1901ع ۾ موجوده ايران ۾ سوسا جي جاءِ تي ٻيهر دريافت ڪيو ويو، جتي ان جي تخليق کان 600 سال پوءِ ان کي لُٽي طور ورتو ويو هو. متن پاڻ هڪ هزار سالن کان وڌيڪ عرصي تائين ميسوپوٽيميا جي لکندڙن پاران نقل ڪيو ويو ۽ ان جو مطالعو ڪيو ويو. اها ڪتبو هاڻي پيرس جي لوور ميوزيم ۾ موجود آهي. ڪتبي جي چوٽي تي حمورابي جي رليف ۾ شماش (بابلي سج ۽ انصاف جو ديوتا) سان گڏ هڪ تصوير آهي. هن جي هيٺان تقريباً 4,130 اکرن تي مشتمل ڪينيفارم متن جي پٿر چٽسالي آهي. هڪ پنجون حصو شاعرانه انداز ۾ هڪ پيش لفظ ۽ ايپيلوگ تي مشتمل آهي. جڏهن ته باقي چار پنجون حصو انهن قانون تي مشتمل آهي، جنهن کي "حمورابي جو ڪوڊ" سڏيو ويندو آهي. پيش لفظ (Prologue) ۾ حمورابي دعويٰ ڪري ٿو ته ديوتائن پاران، "طاقتور کي ڪمزور تي ظلم ڪرڻ کان روڪڻ لاءِ" سندس حڪمراني ڏني وئي آهي. قانون جو متن "جيڪڏهن ... پوءِ" جهڙي مشروط جملن جي طور تي ظاهر ڪيو ويو آهي ۽ انهن جو دائرو وسيع آهي. مثال طور. فوجداري قانون، خانداني قانون، ملڪيت جو قانون ۽ تجارتي قانون تائين وسيع آهي. جديد عالمن ڪوڊ کي، ان جي سمجھيل انصاف ۽ قانون جي حڪمراني جي احترام جي تعريف سان ساراهيو آهي ۽ پراڻي بابلي سماج جي پيچيدگي تي اشارو ڪندڙ قرار ڏنو آهي. تورات جي قانون (موسوي شريعت) تي ان جي اثر بابت پڻ تمام گهڻي بحث ٿي آهي. عالمن، ٻن مجموعن جي بنياد تي جلدي ليڪس ٽيليونس جي سڃاڻپ ڪئي، جئين ته "اک جي بدلي اک" جو اصول. اشوري مطالعي جي ماهرن جي وچ ۾ بحث ان وقت کان وٺي ڪوڊ جي ڪيترن ئي پهلوئن جي چوڌاري مرڪوز آهي، جئين ته ان جو مقصد، ان جا بنيادي اصول، ان جي ٻولي ۽ اڳوڻي ۽ پوء جي قانوني مجموعن سان ان جو تعلق. انهن مسئلن جي چوڌاري غير يقيني صورتحال جي باوجود، حمورابي کي اشوريالوجي کان ٻاهر قانون جي تاريخ ۾ هڪ اهم وجود ۽ دستاويز کي هڪ سچي قانوني ڪوڊ طور سمجهيو ويندو آهي. آمريڪا جي حڪومتي عمارت، "ڪيپيٽول هلز" ۾، ٻين تاريخي قانون سازن سان گڏ، حمورابي جو هڪ پورٽريٽ پڻ موجود آهي، ڪيترن ئي ادارن ۾ ڪتبي جون نقلون موجود آهن، جن ۾ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ گڏيل قومن جي هيڊ ڪوارٽر، برلن ۾ پرگامون ميوزيم ۽ يونيورسٽي آف شڪاگو جو انسٽيٽيوٽ فار دي اسٽڊي آف اينشينٽ ڪلچرز شامل آهن.{{TOC limit|3}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Commons and category}} {{Wikisource|Codex Hammurabi}} {{Wikiversity|Hammurabi's Code}} * [https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/artifacts/464358 CDLI's transliteration, normalisation, and translation] * [https://archive.org/stream/mmoires04franuoft#page/n6/mode/1up Scheil's {{lang|la|editio princeps}}] (in French) * [http://www.general-intelligence.com/library/hr.pdf King's translation] * [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17150/17150-h/17150-h.htm Johns' translation] * [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Code_of_Hammurabi_(Harper_translation) Harper's translation (Wikisource)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201205050436/http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/law-code-hammurabi-king-babylon The Louvre's page] {{portal|Law|Middle East|Iraq|Iran}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Code of Hammurabi}} [[زمرو:ميسوپوٽيميا]] [[زمرو:دستاويز]] [[زمرو:قديم آثار]] [[زمرو:پهرين بابلي سلطنت]] [[زمرو:قانوني ڪوڊ]] [[زمرو:فقه]] [[زمرو:قانوني تاريخ]] [[زمرو:مقابلي وارو قانون]] [[زمرو:قديم ويجھو اوڀر قانون]] [[زمرو:قديم ويجھو اوڀر اسٽيل]] [[زمرو:18 صدي قبل مسيح اسٽيل]] [[زمرو:اڪادي لکت]] [[زمرو:اڪادي ادب]] [[زمرو:بابليونيا]] [[زمرو:بابليون]] [[زمرو:سوسا]] [[زمرو:1901 آثار قديمه جون دريافتون]] [[زمرو:1901 ايران ۾]] [[زمرو:ايران ۾ آثار قديمه جون دريافتون]] [[زمرو:اوڀر ۽ وچ اوڀر جي ويجهو قديم آثار لوور]] [[زمرو: حمورابي]] ik7qkyx9pxxpdck5wkqg39q47cj2659 0 95973 375602 2026-05-03T07:04:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 Ibne maryam صفحي [[حمورابي جو ڪوڊ]] کي [[حمورابي جو قانون]] ڏانھن چوريو 375602 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[حمورابي جو قانون]] imzrxovmvrjozjp3ptl3280qe9n7ahb 10 95974 375616 2026-05-03T10:52:39Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====قوت==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Force |+ قوت<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/force|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=7 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{conver... 375616 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====قوت==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Force |+ قوت<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/force|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=7 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GN|place=top|note={{convert/list of units/triple|force}}}} * GN LT-f * GN LTf * GN ST-f * GN STf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MN|note={{convert/list of units/triple|force}}}} * MN LT-f * MN LTf * MN ST-f * MN STf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kN|note={{convert/list of units/triple|force}}}} * kN LT-f * kN LTf * kN ST-f * kN STf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|N}} * N lb-f * N lbf * N oz-f * N ozf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mN}} * mN oz-f * mN ozf * mN gr-f * mN grf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|μN|altab=uN}} * μN gr-f * μN grf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|nN}} * nN gr-f * nN grf |- |rowspan=4 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''cgs''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Mdyn|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kdyn}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|dyn|altab=dyne|br=y}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mdyn}} |- |rowspan=8 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ميٽرڪ ڪشش ثقل وارا يونٽ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|t-f|rowspan=2|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|tf}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kg-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|kgf}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|g-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|gf}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mg-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|mgf}} |- |rowspan=9 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ايورڊوپوا (avoirdupois) بنياد وارا يونٽ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|pdl|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|LT-f|rowspan=2}} * LT-f ST-f {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|LTf}} * LTf STf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ST-f|rowspan=2}} * ST-f LT-f {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|STf}} * STf LTf {{convert/list of units/unitrow|lb-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|lbf}} <!-- {{convert/list of units/unitrow|oz-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|ozf}}--> {{convert/list of units/unitrow|gr-f|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|grf}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/قوت/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> l8zxdffsyh4wmtqecmduo0mfiw188dc 10 95975 375618 2026-05-03T11:03:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====ڊيگهه==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Length |+ ڊيگهه<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/length|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=7 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ب... 375618 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====ڊيگهه==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Length |+ ڊيگهه<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/length|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=7 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[بين الاقوامي نظامِ يونٽ (SI)]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Mm|us=megameter|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|km|us=kilometer}} * km mi {{convert/list of units/unitrow|m|us=meter}} * m ft * m ftin {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cm|us=centimeter}} * cm in {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mm|us=millimeter}} * mm in {{convert/list of units/unitrow|μm|us=micrometer|altab=um}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|nm|us=nanometer}} |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''غير-SI [[ميٽرڪ نظام]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Å|altab=angstrom|place=top|br=y}} |- |rowspan=8 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[امپيريل يونٽ]]<br />۽<br />[[آمريڪي رواجي يونٽ]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mi|place=top}} * mi km {{convert/list of units/unitrow|furlong}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|chain}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|rd|note={{#ifeq:nontable|nontable|هن يونٽ جي ٻين نالن لاءِ ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units/length|مڪمل فهرست]].}}}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow{{{1|}}}|fathom|note=fathom ≡ 6 ft}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|yd|note=بين الاقوامي تعريف مطابق}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ft|altab=foot|note={{Convert/list of units/foot note}}{{Convert/list of units/primes note}}}} * ftin (فٽ ۽ انچ) * ft m (فٽ ميٽر) {{convert/list of units/unitrow|in|note={{Convert/list of units/primes note}}}} * in cm * in mm |- |rowspan=5 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ٻيا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|nmi|place=top|note=هي [[بين الاقوامي معيار]] وارو ناٽيڪل ميل آهي<br />ٻين ناٽيڪل ميلن لاءِ ڏسو [[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/length|مڪمل فهرست]].}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|pc}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ly}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|AU}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|LD}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/ڊيگهه/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> 7e27j2lataroq30lnkotfwtnk7unnnm 10 95976 375620 2026-05-03T11:07:26Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====وزن==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Mass |+ وزن<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/mass|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=4 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/... 375620 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====وزن==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Mass |+ وزن<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/mass|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=4 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kg|place=top|note={{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * kg lb * kg st {{convert/list of units/unitrow|g}} * g oz {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mg}} * mg gr {{convert/list of units/unitrow|μg|altab=ug}} |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''غير-SI ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|t|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2|place=top|note={{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * t LT * t ST {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|MT|note={{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * MT LT * MT ST |- |rowspan=10 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[ايورڊوپوا]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|LT|rowspan=2|place=top|note=2,240 lb<br />گهڻو ڪري برطانوي دولتِ مشترڪه ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * LT t * LT MT * LT ST {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|long ton|note={{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ST|rowspan=2|note=2,000 lb<br />گهڻو ڪري آمريڪا ۾ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * ST t * ST MT * ST LT {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|short ton}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|st|note=14 lb<br />اڳ ۾ برطانوي دولتِ مشترڪه ۾ (ڪئناڊا کانسواءِ) استعمال ٿيندو هو۔<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * st kg * st lb {{convert/list of units/unitrow|lb|note={{convert/list of units/triple|mass}}}} * lb kg * lb st {{convert/list of units/unitrow|oz}} * oz g {{convert/list of units/unitrow|drachm|unitrowspan=1|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltname|dram}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|gr|note=ٽروئي گرين جي برابر}} |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''[[ٽروئي وزن]]''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ozt|place=top}} |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''ٻيا''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|carat|place=top}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/وزن/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> 33h3nudaqfw83ub7013kg12w5jg7ls5 10 95977 375623 2026-05-03T11:14:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====رفتار==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Speed |+ رفتار<br /><small>([[سانچو:Convert/list of units/speed|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/l... 375623 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====رفتار==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Speed |+ رفتار<br /><small>([[سانچو:Convert/list of units/speed|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|m/s|us=meter per second|place=top}} * m/s ft/s (m/s foot/s) |- | style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''غير-SI ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|km/h|us=kilometer per hour|place=top}} * km/h mph |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mph|place=top}} * mph km/h * mph kn {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ft/s|altab=foot/s|note={{convert/list of units/foot note|foot/s|foot per second}}}} * ft/s m/s |- |rowspan=1 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''سامونڊي يونٽ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kn|place=top|altab=knot}} * kn mph |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/رفتار/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> i3m056fnsv31fg5h8eeurrjkyqair3l 0 95978 375625 2026-05-03T11:19:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: ٽائيٽينڪ (Titanic) سال 1997ع جي هڪ رزميه، تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها 1912ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ... 375625 wikitext text/x-wiki ٽائيٽينڪ (Titanic) سال 1997ع جي هڪ رزميه، تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها 1912ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. kln229z59tf1u0rpxgl78r0sj759a7a 375626 375625 2026-05-03T11:20:12Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 375626 wikitext text/x-wiki ٽائيٽينڪ (Titanic) سال 1997ع جي هڪ رزميه، تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها 1912ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 3x0i6xabouioet140528at0t38dik0z 375629 375626 2026-05-03T11:24:48Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375629 wikitext text/x-wiki ٽائيٽينڪ (Titanic) سال 1997ع جي هڪ رزميه، تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها 1912ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} [[File:Titanic poster.jpg|thumb|سينيما جو پوسٽر]] '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. [[File:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|thumb|Real Scene]] == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live | accessdate=April 23, 2026 | archivedate=January 18, 2000 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118171043/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron }}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece }}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=September 16, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916020751/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=April 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=January 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109070153/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=December 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=July 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701171118/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315003421/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm }}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=summary |date=2020-12-01 }} at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] 611fa158gkt0tagmvjr7k17eiz5d3hh 375630 375629 2026-05-03T11:26:41Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1997 American film by James Cameron}} {{Good article}} {{Infobox film | name = ٽائيٽئنڪ<br>Titanic | image= [[File:Titanic poster.jpg|thumb|سينيما جو پوسٽر]] | director = جيمز ڪيمرون | producer = {{plainlist| * جيمز ڪئميرون * جون لنڊاو }} | writer = جيمز ڪئميرون | starring = {{Plainlist| * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ * بلي زينئ * ڪيٿي بيٽس * فرانسس فشر * برنارڊ هِل * جوناٿن هائيڊ * ڊيني نوچي * ڊيوڊ وارنر * بل پيڪسٽن}} | music = جيمز هارنر | cinematography = رسل ڪارپينٽر | editing = {{plainlist| * ڪونراڊ بف * جيمس ڪيمرون * رچرڊ ائ هيرس }} | studio = {{plainlist| * [[Paramount Pictures]]<ref name=BFI>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|work=Film & TV Database|publisher=[[British Film Institute]] |url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114204629/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/541102|archive-date=January 14, 2009|access-date=July 29, 2011}}</ref><ref name="AFI Catalog">{{cite web |title=Titanic |work=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |access-date=February 2, 2018 |archive-date=September 15, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915062543/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/55202 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=BFI/><ref name="AFI Catalog" /> * [[Lightstorm Entertainment]]<ref name=BFI/> }} | distributor = {{plainlist| * پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز<br />(آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا) * 20 هين صدي فاڪس<br />(انٽرنيشنل) }} | released = {{Film date|1997|11|01|[[ٽوڪيو]] |1997|12|19| [[آمريڪا]]}} <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD THE 2012 RE-RELEASE DATE, AS WELL AS THE 2017 AND 2023 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines dictate we must use the earliest and country of origin release dates. Any attempts to add an international airdate will be removed, but can be added in the release section. Thank you.--> | runtime = 195 منٽ<!--Theatrical runtime: 194:36--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | title=''TITANIC'' (12) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=November 14, 1997 | access-date=November 8, 2014 | archive-date=April 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427093725/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/titanic-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0zmdu3oty | url-status=live }}</ref> | country = {{پرچم|آمريڪا}} | language = [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] | budget = 200 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="Garrett (2007)"/><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999"/><ref name="Welkos (1998)"/> | gross = 2.264 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} *2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} *2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }} '''ٽائيٽينڪ''' (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ رزميه،تاريخي ۽ رومانوي آمريڪي فلم آهي جيڪا جيمس ڪيمرون پاران لکيل ۽ هدايت ڪئي وئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پهلوئن کي شامل ڪندي، اها <small>1912</small>ع ۾، مسافر بردار ڀيڙي، "<small>'''آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ'''</small>" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊيڪپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت سان ڪم ڪن ٿا جيڪي جهاز جي بدقسمت پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. هن جي ڪاسٽ ۾ بلي زين، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هِل، جوناٿن هائيڊ، ڊيني نوچي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن شامل آهن. ڪيمرون جو فلم ٺاهڻ جو جذبو ٻيڙي جي تباهي سان سندس دلچسپي مان آئي. هن محسوس ڪيو ته انساني نقصان سان ڀريل هڪ محبت جي ڪهاڻي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاءِ ضروري هوندي. پيداوار 1 سيپٽمبر <small>'''1995'''</small>ع تي شروع ٿي،<ref name="filmingdate" /> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. جديد منظر شيرشوف انسٽيٽيوٽ آف اوشينولاجي جي ريسرچ ويسل، "اڪيڊميڪ اسٽيسلاو ڪيلديش" تي فلمايا ويا، جنهن کي ڪيمرون تباهي جي فلمنگ دوران بنياد طور استعمال ڪيو هو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ذريعي ٺاهيل تصوير (CGI)، ۽ باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ٺهيل ٽائيٽينڪ جي تعمير نو کي ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو. ٽائيٽينڪ شروعاتي طور تي، "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" نالي جي فلمساز ڪمپني ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر دير ۽ وڌندڙ بجيٽ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس مالي مدد لاءِ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز سان ڀائيواري ڪئي. اها ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداوار جو بجيٽ 200 ملين ڊالر هو. فلم بندي جولاءِ 1996ع کان مارچ 1997ع تائين ٿي. ٽائيٽينڪ جو پريميئر 1 نومبر <small>1997</small>ع تي ٽوڪيو انٽرنيشنل فلم فيسٽيول ۾ ٿيو ۽ <small>19</small> ڊسمبر تي آمريڪا ۾ رليز ڪيو ويو. ان کي آمريڪا ۽ ڪينيڊا ۾ پيراماؤنٽ پکچرز ۽ ٻين علائقن ۾ "ٽوينٽيٿ سينچري فاڪس" پاران ورهايو ويو. فلم کي ان جي بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور ڊي ڪيپريو، ونسليٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداوار جي قدرن، هدايت، اسڪور، سينماٽوگرافي، ڪهاڻي ۽ جذباتي کوٽائي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. ٻين ايوارڊن سان گڏ، فلم کي 70هين اڪيڊمي ايوارڊز ۾ چوڏهن نامزدگيون مليون ۽ يارهن ايوارڊ کٽيا، جن ۾ بهترين تصوير ۽ بهترين ڊائريڪٽر شامل آهن. ائين ڪرڻ سان، فلم سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ نامزدگين جي رڪارڊ لاءِ "آل اباؤٽ ايو" (<small>A</small><small>ll About Eve</small>) ۽ هڪ فلم پاران سڀ کان وڌيڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ کٽڻ لاءِ "بن-حر" <small>(Ben-Hur)</small> ٻنهي کي برابر ڪيو، جنهن سان ٽائيٽينڪ اڪيڊمي ايوارڊ جي تاريخ ۾ سڀ کان ڪامياب انفرادي فلم بڻجي وئي. اها ريڪارڊ ترتيب وار سال <small>2016</small>ع جي "لالا لينڊ" ۽ سال <small>2003</small>ع جي "دي لارڊ آف دي رنگز: دي ريٽرن آف دي ڪنگ" سان ملندا، جيتوڻيڪ نامزدگي جو رڪارڊ سال 2025ع جي "سنرز" (<small>Sinners</small>) سال <small>2026</small>ع ۾ پار ڪيو هو.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Clayton |title='Sinners' Breaks All-Time Oscar Nomination Record With 16 Nods |url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/sinners-oscars-nominations-record-16-nods-1236632543/ |website=Variety |date=January 22, 2026}}</ref> 1 ارب ۽ <small>84</small> ڪروڙ (<small>1.84</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌيڪ جي شروعاتي عالمي ڪمائي سان، ٽائيٽينڪ پهرين فلم هئي جيڪا ارب ڊالر جي حد تائين پهتي (<small>1993</small>ع جي "جراسڪ پارڪ" پوء ٻيهر رليز ذريعي هي ڪارنامو حاصل ڪرڻ واري سڀ کان پهرين رليز ٿيل فلم بڻجي وئي)، ۽ ڪيمرون جي ايندڙ فلم، "اوتار" (<small>2009</small>ع) تائين هر وقت جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائي ڪندڙ فلم هئي، سال <small>2010</small>ع ۾ ان کي پار ڪيو. شروعاتي ٿيٽريڪل ريليز، پرچون وڊيو ۽ سائونڊ ٽريڪ سيلز ۽ آمريڪي نشريات جي حقن مان آمدني <small>3</small> ارب <small>20</small> ڪروڙ (<small>3.2</small> بلين) ڊالر کان وڌي وئي. ريليز دنيا جي ٿيٽريڪل ڪل کي <small>2.264</small> بلين ڊالر تائين وڌائي ڇڏيو ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ کي "اوتار" کان پوءِ دنيا ۾ 2 ارب ڊالر کان وڌيڪ ڪمائڻ واري ٻي فلم بڻائي ڇڏيو. <small>2023</small>ع تائين، اها چوٿين نمبر تي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڪمائيندڙ فلم هئي. <small>2017</small>ع ۾، امريڪا جي لائبريري آف ڪانگريس ان کي آمريڪا جي نيشنل فلم رجسٽري ۾ "ثقافتي، تاريخي يا جمالياتي طور تي اهم فلم" طور محفوظ ڪرڻ لاءِ چونڊيو. [[File:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|thumb|Real Scene]] == پلاٽ == سال 1996ع ۾ تحقيقي ٻيڙي، "اڪيڊمڪ اسٽسلاو ڪيلديش" تي سوار، خزاني جي کوج ڪندڙ، بروڪ لوٽ ۽ سندس ٽيم آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽينڪ جي ملبي کي ڳوليندا آهن (هن اميد تي ته هنن هڪ هار ڳوليندا جيڪو "سمنڊ جي دل" جي نالي سان مشهور آهي). هنن ان جي بدران اهي هڪ تجوري (<small>safe</small>) تائين پهچندا آهن جن ۾ هڪ نوجوان ناري جو هار پائڻ وارو خاڪو هوندو آهي. اسڪيچ 14 اپريل 1912ع تي ٻڌل آهي (ڏينهن، جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجي ويو ۽ ٻڏي ويو ۽ نتيجي ۾ لڳ ڀڳ <small>1,500</small> موت واقع ٿيا) دريافت بابت ٽيليويزن رپورٽ ڏسڻ کان پوءِ، سئو ورهين جي عورت، "روز ڊاوسن" (ڪئٽ ونسليٽ) ڪيلورٽ لوويٽ سان رابطو ڪري ٿي ۽ ظاهر ڪري ٿي ته هوءَ ڊرائنگ ۾ موجود عورت جو اصل آهي. هن اميد تي ته هوءَ هار کي ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڪري سگهي ٿي، لوويٽ روز ۽ سندس پوٽي کي ڪيلديش ٻيڙي تي سوار ڪري ٿو، جتي روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي پنهنجو تجربو بيان ڪري ٿي. سال 1912ع ۾، 17 سالن جي روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر پنهنجي امير منگيتر، ڪال هڪلي ۽ پنهنجي ماءُ، روٿ سان گڏ سائوٿمپٽن ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿي. روز بي محبت منگني ۾ ناخوش آهي. پر هن جي ماء، روٿ شادي ڪرڻ تي زور ڏئي ٿي ته شادي انهن جي مالي مسئلن کي حل ڪندي. روز ٻيڙي جي ڊيڪ مان ٽپو ڏئي خودڪشي ڪرڻ جو سوچي ٿي، پر جيڪ ڊاوسن (ڊي ڪيپريو)، هڪ غريب خانه بدوش فنڪار، طرفان هن کي اهڙو ڪرڻ سان روڪيو ويو. جيڪ ۽ روز هڪ دوستي ٺاهين ٿا ۽ جيڪ هن لاءِ پنهنجي جذبات جو اعتراف ڪري ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ روز شروعات ۾ مزاحمت ڪندي آهي پر هن کي احساس ٿئي ٿو ته هوءَ پڻ جئڪ سان پيار ۾ پئجي وئي آهي. روز جئڪ کي پنهنجي اسٽيٽ روم ۾ آڻي ٿي ۽ کيس صرف هار پائي سندس ننگي تصوير ڪڍڻ لاءِ چوي ٿي. بعد ۾، اهي ڪيل جي خدمتگار، اسپائسر لوجوائي کان بچي، ڪارگو هولڊ ۾ هڪ ڪار ۾ جنسي تعلق رکن ٿا. اڳيان ڊيڪ تي، هنن ٻيڙي جي هڪ برفاني تودي سان ٽڪرائجڻ جو مشاهدو ڪن ٿا ۽ آفيسرن کي صورتحال جي شدت تي بحث ڪندي ڏسڻ ٿا. جڏهن روز جي منگيتر، ڪيل کي روز جي اسڪيچ بابت معلوم ٿئي ٿو، هو لوجوائي کي جئڪ تي هار لڳائڻ لاءِ چوي ٿو ۽ جئڪ تي چوري جو الزام لڳائي ٿو. جئڪ کي گرفتار ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ماسٽر-ايٽ-آرمز جي آفيس ۾ بند ڪيو وڃي ٿو ۽ ڪيل هار کي کيسي ۾ وجهي ٿو. جيئن ٽائٽنڪ ٻڏي ٿو، عورتن ۽ ٻارن کي لائف بوٽس تي سواري لاءِ ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي. روز جئڪ کي قيد سان بچائي ٿي ۽ هنن ڊيڪ تي واپس اچن ٿا. جتي ڪيل روز کي لائف بوٽ تي چڙهڻ لاءِ زور ڏئي ٿو ۽ يقين ڏياري ٿو ته هو ۽ جيڪ ٻئي ٻيڙي تي چڙهندا. ڪيل بي خبريءَ سان پنهنجو ڪوٽ، جن ۾ هار هوندو آهي، روز جي چوڌاري ويڙهي ٿو ته جيئن سندس لائف بوٽ هيٺ ڪيو وڃي. روز واپس ٻيڙي تي ٽپو ڏئي ٿي، جئين ته هن جيڪ کي پوئتي ڇڏڻ لاءِ تيار نه هئي. ڪاوڙ ۾، ڪيل هڪ پستول کڻي ٿو ۽ ٻڏندڙ ٻيڙي م انهن جو پيڇو ڪري ٿو، پر جڏهن اهي فرار ٿي وڃن ٿا ته هار ڇڏي ٿو. ڪيل هڪ ٻار جو پيءُ هجڻ جو بهانو ڪري هڪ لائف بوٽ ۾ شامل ٿئي ٿو. جيئن ٻوڏ جو شڪار ٿيل ڪمان ٻڏي ٿو، ان جو سور هوا ۾ اڀري ٿو ۽ جئڪ ۽ روز ريلنگ سان چنبڙي پون ٿا. ٻيڙي ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي وڃي ٿي ۽ سور برفاني پاڻي ۾ ٻڏي وڃي ٿو. باقي مسافرن سان گڏ، جئڪ روز کي ٻيڙي جي ترندڙ ملبي تي مدد ڪري ٿو ۽ ان کي جيئڻ ۽ مڪمل زندگي گذارڻ جو واعدو ڪري ٿو. جئڪ سردي لڳڻ (هائپوٿرميا) کان مرجي ويندو آهي، پر روز کي واپس ايندڙ لائف بوٽ تي سوار ڪرائي ٿو، جيڪي آر ايم ايس هيريوٽ پاران بچائي ويندي آهي. روز ڪيل ۽ سندس ماءُ کان لڪندي آهي ۽ نيويارڪ شهر ۾ پهچڻ تي پنهنجو نالو روز ڊاسن ديکاري ٿي. روز ڳالهه ٻول دوران ٻڌائي ٿي ته هن جو منگيتر ڪيل 1929ع جي اسٽاڪ مارڪيٽ حادثي ۾ پنهنجي قسمت وڃائڻ کان پوءِ خودڪشي ڪيو هو. هوءَ ڪيلڊيش ٻيڙي جي عملدارن کي ٻڌائي ٿي ته جئڪ هن کي هر ممڪن طريقي سان بچايو ۽ افسوس ڪري ٿي ته هن جون يادون ئي سڀ ڪجهه آهن، جيڪيون هن وٽ بچيون آهن. هن جي ڪهاڻي کان متاثر ٿي. ليويٽ هار جي ڳولا ڇڏي ڏئي ٿو. رات جو ڪيلڊيش جي سور تي اڪيلي روز، جنهن هار کي پنهنجي قبضي ۾ رکيو آهي، هار کي ملبي جي مٿان سمنڊ ۾ اڇلائندي آهي. پوء جڏهن هوءَ پنهنجي بستري تي ليٽي ٿي، سندن تصويرون جئڪ کان متاثر ٿي آزادي ۽ ايڊونچر جي زندگي کي ظاهر ڪن ٿيون.<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead">{{cite video|people=[[James Cameron]]|title=Audio Commentary|medium=DVD|publisher=20th Century Fox |year=2005 |quote=The big ambiguity here is 'is she alive and dreaming' or 'is she dead and on her way to ''Titanic'' heaven?' I'll never tell. Of course, I know what we intended....The answer has to be something you supply personally; individually.}}</ref> ٻيڙي ٽائٽنڪ تي سوار ٿيل، هڪ نوجوان روز، گرينڊ اسٽيئرڪيس تي جئڪ سان ٻيهر ملي ٿي ۽ هن تي ٻڏڻ ۾ فوت ٿيل مسافرن ۽ عملدارن پاران تاڙيون وڄايو وڃڻ ٿيون. ==ڪاسٽ== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو (سال 2002ع جي تصوير)، جنهن جيڪ ڊاوسن جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو ۽ ڪيٽ ونسليٽ (سال 2006ع ۾)، جنهن روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جو ڪردار ادا ڪيو. | image1 = Leo(GangsofNY)- (cropped) (1).jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} === افسانوي ڪردار === * ليونارڊو ڊي ڪيپريو جيڪ ڊاوسن جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ سفر ڪندڙ،چپيوا فالز، وسڪونسن جي هڪ خانه بدوش، غريب يتيم جو آهي، جيڪو پيرس سميت دنيا جو سفر ڪري چڪو آهي، هو پوڪر راند ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ لاءِ ٻه ٽئين درجي جون ٽڪيٽون کٽي ٿو ۽ پنهنجي دوست فيبريزيو سان سفر ڪري ٿو. * ڪيٽ ونسليٽ روز ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، فلاڊيلفيا جي هڪ 17 سالن جي ڇوڪري، جنهن کي ارب پتي ڪيل هڪلي سان منگني تي مجبور ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن هوءَ ۽ سندس ماءُ (روٿ) پنهنجي اعليٰ درجي جي حيثيت برقرار رکي سگهن، جئين ته سندس پيءُ جي موت کان پوءِ خاندان قرض ۾ ٻڏي ويو هو. روز ٽائيٽينڪ تي ڪيل ۽ روٿ سان گڏ هڪ پهرين درجي جي مسافر جي حيثيت ۾ سوار ٿئي ٿي ۽ جئڪ سان ملي ٿي. * گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جديد دور جي روز ڊاوسن ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز فلم کي هڪ فريمنگ ڊيوائس ۾ بيان ڪري ٿي، بزرگ روز جزوي طور تي آمريڪي فنڪار بيٽرس ووڊ کان متاثر هئي. * بلي زين ڪيليڊون "ڪئل هڪلي" جي حيثيت ۾، روز جو مغرور ۽ بدمعاش 30 سالن جو منگيتر، جيڪا پٽسبرگ اسٽيل جي دولت جو وارث آهي. * فرانسس فشر روٿ ڊيوٽ بڪئٽر جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي بيوه ماءُ، جيڪا پنهنجي خاندان جي اعليٰ سماج جي حيثيت کي برقرار رکڻ لاءِ ڪيل سان روز جي منگني جو بندوبست ڪري ٿي. * بل پيڪسٽن بروڪ لوويٽ جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ خزاني جو ڳولا ڪندڙ جيڪو موجوده وقت ۾ ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي ۾ "هارٽ آف دي اوشن" جي هار جي ڳولا ۾ آهي. * سوزي ايمس ايلزبيٿ "لزي" ڪيلورٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي پوٽي، جيڪا هن سان گڏ آهي. جڏهن هوءَ ٻيڙي تي لوويٽ سان ملي ٿي ۽ جيڪ ڊاوسن سان پنهنجي ڏاڏي جي رومانوي ماضي بابت سکي ٿي. * ڊيني نوچي فيبريزيو ڊي روسي جي حيثيت ۾، جيڪ جو اطالوي بهترين دوست، جيڪو جيڪ جي پوڪر راند ۾ ٻه ٽڪيٽون کٽڻ کان پوءِ هن سان گڏ ٽائيٽينڪ تي سوار ٿئي ٿو. فيبريزيو لائف بوٽ تي سوار ٿيڻ ۾ ناڪام ٿئي ٿو. جڏهن ٽائيٽينڪ ٻڏي ٿو ۽ هو مارجي وڃي ٿو، جڏهن جهاز جو هڪ ڦاٽ ٽٽي پوي ٿو ۽ هن ۽ ڪيترن ئي ٻين مسافرن کي چيڀاٽڻ سان، پاڻي ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * ڊيوڊ وارنر اسپائسر لوجوئي جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ اڳوڻو پنڪرٽن ڪانسٽيبل ۽ ڪيل جو انگريز خدمتگار ۽ محافظ. هو روز جي نگراني ڪري ٿو ۽ هو جيڪ جي بچاءُ جي چوڌاري حالتن بابت شڪي آهي. هو تڏهن مري ٿو جڏهن ٽائٽينڪ اڌ ۾ ورهائجي ٿو. جنهن جي ڪري هو هڪ وڏي سوراخ ۾ ڪري پوي ٿو. * جيسن بيري ٽامي ريان جي حيثيت ۾، هڪ آئرش ٽئين درجي جو مسافر، جيڪو جيڪ ۽ فيبريزيو سان دوستي ڪري ٿو. ٽامي کي تڏهن ماريو ويندو آهي جڏهن هو حادثاتي طور تي اڳتي ڌڪيو ويندو آهي ۽ هڪ خوفزده فرسٽ آفيسر مرڊوڪ طرفان گولي هڻي ويندي آهي. * اليگزينڊريا اوونز-سارنو ڪورا ڪارٽمل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نوجوان ٽئين درجي جي ڇوڪري جيڪا آئرش پارٽي ۾ جيڪ سان گڏ ناچ ڪري ٿي. ڪيميلا اوور بائي روز هيلگا ڊاهل جي حيثيت ۾. هڪ نارويجي مهاجر ۽ ٽئين درجي جو مسافر جيڪو فيبريزيو سان پيار ۾ پئجي وڃي ٿو. * ايمي گيپا ٽروڊي بولٽ جي حيثيت ۾، روز جي ذاتي نوڪرياڻي. === تاريخي ڪردار === جيتوڻيڪ واقعن جي مڪمل طور تي صحيح تصوير ڏيڻ جو ارادو نه آهي. فلم ۾ مختلف تاريخي شخصيتن جا نقشا شامل آهن: ٽائٽنڪ (<small>Titanic</small>) سال <small>1997</small>ع جي هڪ آمريڪي ٻيڙي جي حادثي جي رومانوي لازوال فلم آهي. ان جي تحرير، هدايت ڪاري، پراڊڪشن ۽ ايڊيٽري جيمز ڪيميرون ڪئي آهي. تاريخ ۽ افساني ٻنهي پاسن کي شامل ڪندي، اها سال 1912ع ۾ "آر ايم ايس ٽائيٽنڪ" جي ٻڏڻ جي واقعن تي ٻڌل آهي. ليونارڊو ڊي ڪئپريو ۽ ڪئٽ ونسليٽ جا ڪردار مختلف سماجي طبقن جي ميمبرن جي حيثيت ۾ آهن جيڪا، ٻيڙي جي پهرين سفر دوران پيار ۾ پئجي ويندا آهن. فلم ۾ بل زينئ، ڪيٿي بيٽس، فرانسس فشر، برنارڊ هل، جوناٿن هائڊ، ڊيني نوڪي، ڊيوڊ وارنر ۽ بل پيڪسٽن پڻ ڪاسٽ م شامل آهن. فلم ڊائريڪٽر جيمس ڪئمرون جي هيءَ تازي فلم سڀني فلمن کان گوءِ کڻي وئي آهي ۽ سڄي دنيا ۾ ان جي هاڪ هلي وئي آهي. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته هن فلم تي، ”فاڪس فلم انٽرٽينمينٽ“ وارن وڏو خرچ ڪيو آهي. ٻه سئو ملين ڊالر فلم جي شوٽنگ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي ۽ اهڙا ڏيڍ سئو ملين ڊالر مارڪيٽ تي خرچ ٿيو آهي. هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ جي شوٽنگ جو بندوبست فاڪس فلم ڪمپني وارن ميڪسيڪو جي شهر روزاريتو ۾ 16 هيڪٽر ڪمپليڪس تي ڪيو هو. فلم ۾ جيڪو ٽائٽانڪ جهاز ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، اهو بلڪل هوبهو ۽ اصل جهاز جهڙو آهي، پر اصل جهاز جي ڏهين حصي جيڏو به ناهي. ان کي ڪمپيوٽر ۽ ٻين ڪئمرائين جي اٽڪلن ذريعي ائين ڏيکاريو ويو آهي، جئين ته سچ پچ هجي ۽ سچ پچ جا ماڻهو اتان ڪري سمنڊ ۾ پيا ٻڏن، جيڪو دراصل "<small>L"</small> شڪل جي پاڻيءَ جي وڏي ٽانڪي آهي. فلم لاءِ ڪيمرون جو الهام، جهاز جي تباهي سان، ان جي جذبي مان آيو هو. هن محسوس ڪيو ته محبت جي ڪهاڻي انساني نقصان سان جڙيل آهي آفت جي جذباتي اثر کي پهچائڻ لاء ضروري آهي. پيداوار پهرين سيپٽمبر، <small>1995</small>ع تي شروع ٿي، <ref name="filmingdate">{{Cite web|title=Titanic (1997) - IMDb|website=[[IMDb]]|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|access-date=2022-11-06|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209003138/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120338/locations|url-status=live}}</ref> جڏهن ڪيمرون ٽائيٽينڪ جي تباهي جي فوٽيج شوٽ ڪئي. تحقيقي جهاز تي جديد منظرن کي بورڊ تي اڪيڊمڪ مسٽلاو ڪيلديش تي شاٽ ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي ڪئمرون هڪ بنيادي طور استعمال ڪيو هو، جڏهن تباهي کي فلمايو ويو. اسڪيل ماڊل، ڪمپيوٽر جي ٺاهيل تصويري ۽ ٽائيٽينڪ جي بحاليءَ جو استعمال باجا اسٽوڊيو ۾ ڪيو ويو ته جيئن ٻڏڻ کي ٻيهر ٺاهيو وڃي. فلم شروعاتي طور تي "ٽوينٽٿ سينچري فاڪس" (<small>20th Century Fox)</small> ۾ ترقي ۾ هئي، پر هڪ وڌندڙ بجيٽ ۽ شيڊول جي پوئتي هجڻ جي نتيجي ۾ فاڪس پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز کي مالي مدد لاءِ چيو؛ پيراماؤنٽ پڪچرز آمريڪا ۽ ڪئناڊا ۾ ورهائڻ جو انتظام ڪيو، جڏهن ته فاڪس فلم کي بين الاقوامي سطح تي جاري ڪيو. ٽائيٽينڪ ان وقت جي سڀ کان مهانگي فلم هئي، جنهن جي پيداواري بجٽ <small>200</small> ملين آمريڪي ڊالر هئي. فلمنگ جولاء <small>1996ع</small> کان مارچ <small>1997ع</small> تائين ٿي گذريو. ٽائيٽينڪ 19 ڊسمبر <small>1997</small>ع تي رليز ڪئي وئي. ان جا بصري اثرات، پرفارمنس، خاص طور تي ڊي ڪپريو، ونسلٽ ۽ گلوريا اسٽوارٽ جي پرفارمنس، پيداواري قدر، آفت بهادري جي اسڪوريج، هدايت، سئنيماٽوگرافي ۽ ڪهاڻي لاءِ ساراهيو ويو. هن کان اڳ گهڻي خرچ واري فلم ”واٽر ورلڊ“ آهي. جن تي <small>175</small> ملين ڊالر خرچ آيو هو، منهنجي خيال ۾ هن فلم کي مٿانهون ڪندڙ، ماڻهن کي حيرت ۾ وجهندڙ نظارا آهن، جيڪي ڪمپيوٽر ذريعي پيدا ڪيا ويا آهن. هيئن هن کان اڳ ٺهيل فلم "جراسڪ پارڪ" (<small>Jurrasic Park</small>) هئي، جنهن ۾ ڪمپيوٽر تي ٺهيل <small>80</small> شاٽ (<small>Shots</small>) هئا ۽ هن فلم ٽائٽانڪ ۾ <small>550</small> آهن. ان ۾ شڪ ناهي ته ٽائٽانڪ فلم جو ڊائريڪٽر جيمز ڪئميرون هڪ قابل ۽ هوشيار فلم ٺاهيندڙ آهي ۽ سندس هن کان اڳ جي ٺهيل فلمن مان به ڪيتريون ئي مشهور ٿيون. جهڙوڪ: "ابيس" "ٽرو لائيز"، "دا ٽرمينيٽر" وغيره وغيره. ٽائٽانڪ فلم ائڪشن ۽ رومانس جو ڳانڍاپو آهي، جن ۾ جيڪ ڊاوسن (ليوناردو ڊي ڪئپريو) ۽ روز بڪئٽر (ڪيٽ ونسليٽ) اهم فلمي اداڪار ٿيا آهن. فلم جي شوٽنگ جولاءِ <small>1969ع</small> کان شروع ٿي ۽ <small>160</small> ڏينهن هلي. عام فلمن کان ڪجهه وڏي ٿي وئي ۽ سندس رننگ ٽائيم ٽي ڪلاڪ چوڏهن منٽ آهي. فلم ۾ ڪم ڪندڙن کي اصل سمنڊ ۽ ٽانڪيءَ ذريعي ٺاهيل نقلي سمنڊ ۾ ٻڏڻ کان بچائڻ لاءِ ٽيهه کن لائيف گارڊ رکيا ويا هئا. فلم ٺهڻ دوران ڪو به ٻڏي مرڻ جو هاڃو پيش نه آيو پر ٽن اسٽنٽ مين جي ٽنگن ۽ ٻانهن جا هڏا ڀڄي پيا. وڏو رسڪ کڻي خرچ واري فلم ٽائٽانڪ جيتوڻيڪ ان وقت ٺهي، جنهن وقت دنيا جون ٻه ٻيون مشهور فلمون پڻ هلي رهيون هيون. هڪ جيمس بانڊ جي نئين فلم "ٽومارو نيور ڊائيز" (<small>Tomorrow Never Dies</small>) ۽ ٻي ڊريم ورڪس جي مزاحيه فلم "مائوس هنٽ" (<small>Mouse Hunt</small>)، پر ان هوندي به سامونڊي هاڃي تي ٺاهيل ٽائٽانڪ سڀ کان گوءِ کڻي وئي ۽ مالڪن جو پئسو سجايو ٿيو.<ref>ڪتاب: موج نه سهي مڪڙي</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ===ڪردار=== {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | total_width = 300 | footer = [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] (pictured in 2002), who portrayed Jack Dawson, and [[Kate Winslet]] (in 2006), who portrayed Rose DeWitt Bukater | image1 = Leonardo DiCaprio 2002.jpg | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = Kate Winslet 2006 Toronto.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} * [[Leonardo DiCaprio]] as Jack Dawson, an itinerant, poor orphan from [[Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin]], who has travelled the world, including Paris. He wins two third-class tickets for the ''Titanic'' in a poker game and travels with his friend Fabrizio. He is attracted to Rose at first sight. Her fiancé's invitation to dine with them the next evening enables Jack to mix with first-class passengers for a night. Cameron's original choice for the role was [[River Phoenix]]; however, he died in 1993.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|title=12 Actors Who Could've Been Cast In Titanic|last=Ashton|first=Will|date=September 15, 2022|website=CinemaBlend|publisher=[[Future plc]]|access-date=December 13, 2022|quote=James Cameron had originally considered River Phoenix for the role, but the young actor tragically passed away before he could be asked to play the leading man part.|archive-date=December 13, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213152918/https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2494354/actors-who-couldve-been-cast-in-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref> Although Jack was a fictional character, in [[Fairview Cemetery, Halifax, Nova Scotia|Fairview Cemetery]] in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], where 121 ''Titanic'' victims are buried, there is a grave labeled "J. Dawson". The producers did not know of the real J. Dawson until after the film was released.<ref>{{cite news|first=Rob|last=Gillies|title=Titanic: Visiting The Grave Of The Real J. Dawson In Halifax |work=Huffington Post |date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=May 12, 2015 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407043556/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/titanic-real-j-dawson-grave_n_1403858.html |archive-date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> * [[Kate Winslet]] as Rose DeWitt Bukater, a 17-year-old girl from [[Philadelphia]], who is [[Forced marriage|forced into an engagement]] to billionaire Cal Hockley so she and her mother, Ruth, can maintain their high-class status after her father's death left the family debt-ridden. Rose boards ''Titanic'' with Cal and Ruth as a first-class passenger and meets Jack. * [[Gloria Stuart]] as the modern-day Rose Dawson Calvert. Rose narrates the film in a [[framing device]]. The elderly Rose was partly inspired by the American artist [[Beatrice Wood]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McCormick |first1=Colin |last2=Elvy |first2=Craig |last3=Barker |first3=Stephen |date=June 24, 2020 |title=Titanic: What Happened To The REAL Rose, Beatrice Wood |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |access-date=November 5, 2025 |website=[[Screen Rant]] |language=en |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815183243/https://screenrant.com/titanic-rose-real-beatrice-wood-what-happened/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Billy Zane]] as Caledon "Cal" Hockley, Rose's arrogant and snobbish 30-year-old fiancé, who is the heir to a [[Pittsburgh]] steel fortune. He is resentful of Rose's affection for Jack. * [[Frances Fisher]] as Ruth DeWitt Bukater, Rose's widowed mother, who arranges Rose's engagement to Cal to maintain her family's high-society status. Like many aristocratic passengers portrayed in the film, her disposition is elitist and frivolous. She loves her daughter but believes that social position is more important than having a loving marriage. She strongly dislikes Jack, even though he saved her daughter's life. * [[Bill Paxton]] as Brock Lovett, a treasure hunter looking for the Heart of the Ocean in the wreck of the ''Titanic'' in the present. Time and funding for his expedition are running out. He reflects at the conclusion that, despite thinking about ''Titanic'' for three years, he has never understood it until he hears Rose's story. * [[Suzy Amis]] as Elizabeth "Lizzy" Calvert, Rose's granddaughter, who accompanies her when she visits Lovett on the ship and learns of her grandmother's romantic past with Jack Dawson. * [[Danny Nucci]] as Fabrizio De Rossi, Jack's Italian best friend, who boards ''Titanic'' with him after Jack wins two tickets in a poker game. Fabrizio fails to board a lifeboat when the ''Titanic'' sinks and is killed when one of the ship's funnels breaks and crashes into the water, crushing him and several other passengers to death.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[David Warner (actor)|David Warner]] as Spicer Lovejoy, an ex-[[Pinkerton (detective agency)|Pinkerton]] constable and Cal's English valet and bodyguard. He monitors Rose and is suspicious about the circumstances surrounding Jack rescuing her. He dies when the ''Titanic'' splits in half, causing him to fall into a massive opening. Warner also appeared in the 1979 TV miniseries ''[[S.O.S. Titanic]]'', portraying passenger [[Lawrence Beesley]]. * [[Jason Barry]] as Tommy Ryan, an Irish third-class passenger who befriends Jack and Fabrizio. Tommy is killed when he is accidentally pushed forward and shot by a panicked First Officer Murdoch.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> * [[Alexandrea Owens-Sarno]] as Cora Cartmell, a young third-class girl who dances with Jack at the Irish party. In a deleted scene, Cora and her family drowned after they were trapped at the locked third-class gate.<ref name="Liebenson-2017">{{Cite magazine |last=Liebenson |first=Donald |date=December 18, 2017 |title=Five Unforgettable Passengers Remember Life Aboard Titanic |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |access-date=July 24, 2024 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724140154/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-20th-anniversary-trudy-fabrizio-cora-tommy-irish-mom |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Camilla Overbye Roos]] as Helga Dahl, a Norwegian immigrant and third-class passenger who falls in love with Fabrizio. While most of her scenes were cut and the secondary significance of her character was drastically reduced from the original screenplay to the final theatrical cut, Helga is most notably seen clinging onto the rail of the ship's stern with Jack and Rose before slipping into the frigid waters below.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 9, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i Titanic: Sådan er hendes forhold til Leonardo DiCaprio i dag |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103050820/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saadan-er-hendes-forhold-til-leonardo-dicaprio |archive-date=January 3, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nygaard |first=Kristian Dam |date=December 8, 2017 |title=Danske Camilla var med i 'Titanic': Så mange penge tjente hun |url=https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720133933/https://www.bt.dk/film-og-tv/danske-camilla-var-med-i-titanic-saa-mange-penge-tjente-hun |archive-date=July 20, 2018 |access-date=March 13, 2019 |website=B.T. |language=da}}</ref> * [[Amy Gaipa]] as Trudy Bolt, Rose's personal maid.<ref name="Liebenson-2017" /> ===Historical characters=== Although not intended to be an entirely accurate depiction of events,<ref name=five/> the film includes portrayals of various historical figures: [[File:Molly brown rescue award titanic.jpg|thumb|The real Margaret Brown (right) providing Captain [[Arthur Rostron|Arthur Henry Rostron]] with an award for his service in the rescue of ''Titanic''{{'}}s surviving passengers]] * [[Kathy Bates]] as [[Margaret "Molly" Brown]]. Brown is looked down upon by other first-class women, including Ruth, as "vulgar" and "[[new money]]". She is friendly to Jack and lends him a suit of evening clothes (bought for her son) when he is invited to dinner in the first-class dining saloon. She was dubbed the Unsinkable Molly Brown by historians because, with the support of other women, she commandeered [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|Lifeboat 6]] from Quartermaster [[Robert Hichens (RMS Titanic)|Robert Hichens]].<ref name="SLB">{{cite book|first=Stephanie L.|last=Barczewski|title=Titanic: A Night Remembered|publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]]|year=2004|access-date=March 31, 2009|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|isbn=978-1-85285-434-8|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126014112/https://books.google.com/books?id=yYX4s1_6IlEC&pg=PA30|url-status=live}}</ref> Some aspects of this altercation are portrayed in Cameron's film. * [[Victor Garber]] as [[Thomas Andrews]], the ship's builder. Andrews is portrayed as a kind, decent man who is modest about his grand achievement. After the collision, he tries to convince the others, particularly Ismay, that it is a "mathematical certainty" that the ship will sink. He is depicted during the [[Sinking of the Titanic|sinking of the ship]] as standing next to the clock in the first-class smoking room, lamenting his failure to build a strong and safe ship. Although this has become one of the most famous legends of the sinking of the ''Titanic'', this story, which was published in a 1912 book (''Thomas Andrews: Shipbuilder'') and thereafter perpetuated, came from John Stewart, a steward on the ship who in fact left the ship in boat no.15 at approximately 1:40&nbsp;a.m.<ref name="seaofglass">ON A SEA OF GLASS: THE LIFE & LOSS OF THE RMS TITANIC" by Tad Fitch, J. Kent Layton & Bill Wormstedt. Amberley Books, March 2012. pp 321–323</ref> There were testimonies of sightings of Andrews after that moment.<ref name="seaofglass" /> It appears that Andrews stayed in the smoking room for some time to gather his thoughts; he then continued assisting with the evacuation.<ref name="seaofglass" /> [[File:Olympic_Crew_1911.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Crew of the ''Olympic'', 1911. Left: [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William M. Murdoch]]. Right: [[Captain Edward J. Smith]].]] * [[Bernard Hill]] as [[Captain Edward John Smith]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66">{{Harvp|Marsh|Kirkland|1998|p=66}}.</ref> Smith planned to make the ''Titanic'' his final voyage before retiring. He retreats into the [[Bridge (nautical)|wheelhouse]] on the [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] as the ship sinks, dying when the windows burst from the water pressure whilst he clings to the ship's wheel. There are conflicting accounts as to whether he died in this manner or later froze to death in the water near the capsized collapsible lifeboat B.<ref>Ballard, pp. 40–41</ref> * [[Jonathan Hyde]] as [[J. Bruce Ismay]], White Star Line's ignorant, boorish managing director. With the prospect of an earlier arrival in New York and favorable press attention, Ismay influences Captain Smith to go faster; although this situation appears in popular portrayals of the disaster, it is unsupported by evidence.<ref>{{cite book |last=Beesley |first=Lawrence |title=The Loss of the S.S. Titanic |publisher=[[Heinemann (publisher)|Heinemann]] |location=London, England |year=1912 |page=56}}</ref><ref>Howells (1999: 31).</ref> After the collision, he struggles to comprehend that his "unsinkable" ship is doomed. Ismay later boards Collapsible C (one of the last lifeboats to leave the ship) just before it is lowered. He was branded a coward by the press and public for surviving the disaster while many women and children drowned. * [[Eric Braeden]] as [[John Jacob Astor IV]], a first-class passenger and the richest man on the ship. Rose introduces Jack to Astor and his 18-year-old wife, [[Madeleine Astor|Madeleine]] ([[Charlotte Chatton]]), in the first-class dining saloon. During the introduction, Astor asks whether Jack is connected to the "Boston Dawsons", a question Jack deflects by saying that he is instead affiliated with the [[Chippewa Falls]] Dawsons. Astor is last seen as the glass dome over the Grand Staircase implodes and water surges in. * [[Bernard Fox (actor)|Bernard Fox]] as [[Archibald Gracie IV|Colonel Archibald Gracie IV]]. The film depicts Gracie making a comment to Cal that "women and machinery don't mix" and congratulating Jack for saving Rose from falling off the ship, unaware that Jack saved Rose from a [[suicide attempt]]. He is later seen offering to lead Jack and Rose to the remaining lifeboats during the sinking. Fox portrayed [[Frederick Fleet]] in the 1958 film ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]''. * [[Michael Ensign]] as [[Benjamin Guggenheim]], a mining magnate traveling in first class. He shows off his French mistress, Madame Aubert (Fannie Brett), to his fellow passengers while his wife and three daughters wait for him at home. When Jack joins the first-class passengers for dinner after rescuing Rose, Guggenheim refers to him as a "[[Bohemianism|bohemian]]". Guggenheim is seen in the flooding Grand Staircase during the sinking, saying he is prepared to go down as a gentleman. [[File:Wallace Henry Harvey.jpg|148px|thumb|Wallace Hartley, ''Titanic''{{'}}s bandmaster and violinist]] * Jonathan Evans-Jones as [[Wallace Hartley]], the ship's bandmaster and violinist, who plays uplifting music with his colleagues on the boat deck as the ship sinks. As the final plunge begins, he leads the band in a final performance of "[[Nearer, My God, to Thee]]", to the tune of "Bethany",<ref>{{cite news | title=Further, my god, from thee | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | location=London | work=[[The Independent]] | first=Ian | last=Jack |author-link=Ian Jack | date=September 26, 1999 | access-date=April 16, 2012 | archive-date=December 26, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226182331/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/further-my-god-from-thee-1122417.html | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bevil">{{cite news | first=Bevil, J | last=Marshall | title=And the Band Played On | url=http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | work=Southwest Regional Chapter of the American Musicological Society, Rice University | location=Houston | date=October 1999 | access-date=February 23, 2012 | archive-date=August 9, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809161210/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm | url-status=live | accessdate=April 23, 2026 | archivedate=January 18, 2000 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000118171043/http://home.earthlink.net/~llywarch/tnc02.html.htm }}</ref> and dies in the sinking. * [[Mark Lindsay Chapman]] as [[Henry Tingle Wilde|Chief Officer Henry Wilde]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the ship's chief officer, who lets Cal board a lifeboat because he has a child in his arms. Before he dies, he tries to get boats to return to the sinking site to rescue passengers by blowing his whistle. After he freezes to death, Rose uses his whistle to attract the attention of Fifth Officer Lowe, leading to her rescue. * [[Ewan Stewart]] as [[William McMaster Murdoch|First Officer William Murdoch]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of the bridge when the ''Titanic'' struck an iceberg. During a rush for the lifeboats, Murdoch shoots Tommy Ryan, as well as another passenger, in a momentary panic, and then commits suicide by shooting himself in the head. When Murdoch's nephew Scott saw the film, he objected to his uncle's portrayal, seeing it as damaging to Murdoch's heroic reputation.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nephew angered by tarnishing of Titanic hero | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = January 24, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = October 4, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171004222811/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/50203.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> A few months later, Fox vice president Scott Neeson went to [[Dalbeattie]], Scotland, where Murdoch lived, to deliver a personal apology, and also presented a £5000 donation to [[Dalbeattie High School]] to boost the school's William Murdoch Memorial Prize.<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic makers say sorry | work = [[BBC News Online|BBC News]] | date = April 15, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | access-date = February 22, 2007 | archive-date = March 9, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180309052839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/78839.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Cameron apologized on the DVD commentary, but stated that there were officers who fired gunshots to enforce the [[Women and children first|"women and children first" policy]].<ref name="commentary">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Audio Commentary |medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year= 2005}}</ref> According to Cameron, his depiction of Murdoch is that of an "honorable man", not of a man "gone bad" or of a "cowardly murderer". He added, "I'm not sure you'd find that same sense of responsibility and total devotion to duty today. This guy had half of his lifeboats launched before his counterpart on the port side had even launched one. That says something about character and heroism."<ref>James Cameron's Titanic, p.&nbsp;129.</ref> * [[Jonny Phillips (actor)|Jonathan Phillips]] as [[Charles Lightoller|Second Officer Charles Lightoller]].<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> Lightoller took charge of the port side evacuation. In the film, Lightoller informs Captain Smith that it will be difficult to see icebergs without breaking water and, after the collision, suggests that the crew begin boarding women and children in the lifeboats. He is seen brandishing a gun and threatening to use it to keep order. He can be seen on top of [[Titanic Collapsible Boat B|Collapsible B]] when the first funnel collapses. Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the disaster. * Film producer Kevin De La Noy as [[Herbert Pitman|Third Officer Herbert Pitman]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> who survived the sinking and manned [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 5 (starboard)|Lifeboat 5]]. * [[Simon Crane]] as [[Joseph Boxhall|Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the officer in charge of firing flares and manning [[Lifeboats of the Titanic#Lifeboat 2 (port)|Lifeboat 2]] during the sinking. He is shown on the bridge wings helping the seamen firing the flares. * [[Ioan Gruffudd]] as [[Harold Lowe|Fifth Officer Harold Lowe]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only officer to lead a lifeboat to retrieve survivors of the sinking from the icy waters. The film depicts Lowe rescuing Rose. * Edward Fletcher as [[James Paul Moody|Sixth Officer James Moody]],<ref name="Marsh&Kirland1998p66"/> the only junior officer to have died in the sinking. The film depicts Moody admitting Jack and Fabrizio onto the ship only moments before it departs from Southampton. Moody is later shown following Murdoch's orders to put the ship to full speed ahead, and informs Murdoch about the iceberg. He is last seen clinging to one of the davits on the starboard side after having unsuccessfully attempted to launch collapsible A. * [[James Lancaster (actor)|James Lancaster]] as [[Father Thomas Byles]], a second-class passenger and a Catholic priest from England. He is portrayed praying and consoling passengers during the ship's final moments. * [[Lew Palter]] and [[Elsa Raven]] as [[Isidor Straus|Isidor]] and [[Ida Straus]]. Isidor is a former owner of [[Macy's|R.H. Macy and Company]], a former congressman from New York, and a member of the New York and New Jersey Bridge Commission. During the sinking, the couple were offered seats on a lifeboat together. Isidor refused to go before all women and children had been evacuated, and urged his wife Ida to go ahead. Ida is portrayed refusing to board the lifeboat, saying that she will honor her wedding pledge by staying with Isidor. They are last seen lying on their bed, embracing each other as water fills their stateroom; the real Isidor and Ida Straus were also seen in an embrace, but were actually seated on chairs in the A Deck before being swept by waves as the ship made its final plunge. * [[Martin Jarvis (actor)|Martin Jarvis]] as [[Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon]], a Scottish baronet who is rescued in [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 1|Lifeboat 1]]. Lifeboats 1 and 2 were emergency boats with a capacity of 40. Situated at the forward end of the boat deck, these were kept ready to launch in case of a person falling overboard. On the night of the disaster, Lifeboat 1 was the fourth to be launched, with 12 people aboard, including Duff-Gordon, his wife and her secretary. The baronet was much criticized for his conduct during the incident. It was suggested that he had boarded the emergency boat in violation of the "women and children first" policy, and that the boat had failed to return to rescue those struggling in the water. He offered five pounds to each of the lifeboat's crew, which those critical of his conduct viewed as a bribe. The Duff-Gordons at the time (and his wife's secretary in a letter written at the time and rediscovered in 2007) stated that there had been no women or children waiting to board in the vicinity of the launching of their boat; there is confirmation that lifeboat 1 of the ''Titanic'' was almost empty, and that First Officer William Murdoch was apparently glad to offer Duff-Gordon and his wife and her secretary a place (simply to fill it) after they had asked if they could get on. Duff-Gordon denied that his offer of money to the lifeboat crew represented a bribe. The [[British Wreck Commissioner's inquiry into the sinking of the Titanic|British Board of Trade's inquiry into the disaster]] accepted Duff-Gordon's denial of bribing the crew, but maintained that, if the emergency boat had rowed towards the people who were in the water, it might very well have been able to rescue some of them.<ref>''British Wreck Commissioner's Enquiry: Report.'' "Account of the Saving and Rescue of those who Survived: Conduct of Sir Cosmo Duff Gordon and Mr Ismay". Retrieved 8/23/12 at: {{cite web |url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |title=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry Report|access-date=February 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140103010821/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTReport/BOTRepConduct.php |archive-date=January 3, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Letter clears 'blackguard of the Titanic' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/05/02/ntitanic02.xml |access-date=May 5, 2007 |location=London |first=Nigel |last=Reynolds |date=May 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716054503/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2F02%2Fntitanic02.xml |archive-date=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> * [[Rosalind Ayres]] as [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon|Lady Duff-Gordon]], a world-famous fashion designer and Sir Cosmo's wife. She is rescued in Lifeboat 1 with her husband. They never lived down rumors that they had forbidden the lifeboat's crew to return to the wreck site in case they would be swamped.<ref>Lynch, pp. 183–185</ref><ref>"Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff Gordon at the Titanic Inquiry," ''[[The Sketch]]'', May 22, 1912</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Conduct of Sir Cosmo-Duff Gordon and Mr. Ismay|publisher=Titanic Inquiry Project|url=http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|access-date=January 2, 2006|archive-date=April 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421173137/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq11LDuff-Gordon01.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Jarvis and Ayres are husband and wife in real life. * Rochelle Rose as [[Noël Leslie, Countess of Rothes]]. The Countess is shown to be friendly with Cal and the DeWitt Bukaters. Despite being of a higher status in society than Sir Cosmo and Lady Duff-Gordon, she is kind, and helps row the boat and even looks after the steerage passengers. * Scott G. Anderson as [[Frederick Fleet]], the lookout who saw the iceberg. Fleet escapes the sinking ship aboard Lifeboat 6. * [[Paul Brightwell]] as [[Robert Hichens (sailor)|Quartermaster Robert Hichens]], one of the six quartermasters and at the ship's wheel at the time of collision. He is in charge of [[Titanic Lifeboat No. 6|lifeboat 6]]. He refuses to go back and pick up survivors after the sinking. * Martin East as [[Reginald Lee]], the other lookout in the [[crow's nest]]. He survives the sinking. [[File:Jack George Phillips.jpg|148px|thumb|Jack Phillips, ''Titanic''{{'}}s senior [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless operator]]]] * [[Gregory Cooke]] as [[Jack Phillips (wireless operator)|Jack Phillips]], the senior wireless operator whom Captain Smith ordered to send the [[distress signal]] upon learning of the ship's foundering. * [[Craig Kelly (actor)|Craig Kelly]] as [[Harold Bride]], ''Titanic''{{'}}s junior wireless operator. * [[Liam Tuohy (actor)|Liam Tuohy]] as [[Charles Joughin|Chief Baker Charles Joughin]]. The baker appears helping Rose stand up after she falls, following her and Jack to the ship's stern, and finally hanging onto the ship's railing as it sinks, drinking brandy from a flask. According to the real Joughin's testimony, he rode the ship down and stepped into the water without getting his hair wet. He also admitted to hardly feeling the cold, most likely thanks to alcohol.<ref>{{cite web| title = British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry: Day 6| url = http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| publisher = Titanic Inquiry Project| year = 1999| access-date = August 3, 2010| archive-date = September 21, 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001504/http://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Joughin01.php| url-status = live}}</ref> In a deleted scene, he is shown throwing deckchairs overboard, before taking a drink from his bottle.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Adrienne |last=Tyler |date=August 22, 2021 |title=Titanic Deleted Scenes Honor The Best True Stories Cut From The Movie |url=https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |access-date=March 7, 2022 |website=Screen Rant |language=en-US |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307114920/https://screenrant.com/titanic-movie-deleted-cut-scenes-true-stories/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic - Deleted Scene - Boat Six Won't Return [HD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |website=YouTube | date=June 9, 2014 |access-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-date=March 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307115929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiHCMp8C3KY&t=114s |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Terry Forrestal]] as [[Joseph Bell (engineer)|Chief Engineer Joseph G. Bell]]: Bell and his men worked throughout the sinking to keep the lights and the power on in order for distress signals to get out. The film portrays Bell and all of the engineers as having died in the bowels of the ''Titanic''; however, there is evidence to suggest that at least some of the engineers were released to come on deck when the flooding became severe. Greaser Frederick Scott testified to seeing eight engineers between approximately 1:50 and 1:55&nbsp;a.m. standing up against the electric crane on the starboard Boat Deck; by then, all the lifeboats had gone.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |title=Day 6 - Testimony of Frederick Scott (Greaser, SS Titanic) |work=British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry |date=May 10, 1912 |access-date=April 9, 2020 |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106101508/https://www.titanicinquiry.org/BOTInq/BOTInq06Scott02.php |url-status=live }}</ref> * Derek Lea as [[Frederick Barrett]]: Barrett was the leading [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] aboard the ''Titanic''; he took overall charge of Lifeboat #13, which was nearly crushed by Lifeboat #15 as they were simultaneously lowered.{{sfn|Lubin|1999|p=140}} ===Cameos=== Several crew members of the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' appear, including [[Anatoly Sagalevich]], the creator and pilot of the ''[[Mir (submersible)|Mir]]'' self-propelled Deep Submergence Vehicle.<ref name="heart">{{cite book | author = Ed W. Marsh | title = James Cameron's Titanic | publisher = Boxtree | year = 1998 | location = London | pages = 3–29}}</ref> [[Van Ling]] portrayed real-life Chinese survivor Fang Lang; his backstory inspired Cameron to produce a documentary ''The Six'', based on a group of Chinese survivors who survived the sinking.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Le |first=Phuong |date=November 16, 2021 |title=The Six review – the Chinese survivors who were written out of the Titanic narrative |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/16/the-six-review-the-chinese-survivors-who-were-written-out-of-the-titanic-narrative |access-date=May 1, 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Anders Falk, who filmed a documentary about the film's sets for the [[Titanic Historical Society|''Titanic'' Historical Society]], makes a cameo as a Swedish immigrant whom Jack Dawson meets when he enters his cabin; [[Edward Kamuda]] and Karen Kamuda, then President and Vice President of the Society, who served as film consultants, were cast as extras.<ref name="bostonglobe">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Marcus |title=A Titanic Obsession |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |work=[[Boston Globe]] |date=April 8, 2012 |access-date=May 11, 2014 |archive-date=May 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231518/http://www.bostonglobe.com/magazine/2012/04/07/atitanicobsession/cZ3J1URIHpkUKf4DusONbI/story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="falk">{{cite video | people = Anders Falk | title = Titanic Ship's Tour | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref> ==پراڊڪشن== ===Pre-production=== [[File:JAMES CAMERON 2000.jpg|thumb|upright|Director, writer and producer [[James Cameron]] (''pictured in 2000'')]] {{Quote box |salign= |width=250px |align=right | quote = The story could not have been written better had it been fiction{{nbsp}}...The juxtaposition of rich and poor, the [[gender roles]] played out unto death ([[Women and children first|women first]]), the stoicism and nobility of a bygone age, the magnificence of the great ship matched in scale only by the folly of the men who drove her hell-bent through the darkness. And above all the lesson: that life is uncertain, the future unknowable{{nbsp}}... the unthinkable possible. |source=—James Cameron<ref name="foreword">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. v–xiii</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|title=Read an excerpt from James Cameron's -- 'Titanic'|website=[[Fox News]]|access-date=May 7, 2015|archive-date=February 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219023621/https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/read-an-excerpt-from-james-camerons-titanic|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Cameron had long been fascinated by shipwrecks and felt ''Titanic'' was "the [[Mount Everest]] of shipwrecks".<ref name="www.playboy.com">{{cite news | title=James Cameron: Playboy Interview|work=[[Playboy]]|date=December 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730084827/http://www.playboy.com/articles/james-cameron-interview/index.html |archive-date=July 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Maria|last=Realf|title=An audience with James Cameron. The filmmaker discusses his movies to date and reveals the motivations|publisher=Eyeforfilm.co.uk|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109140422/https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2009-12-17-james-cameron-talks-about-avatar-aliens-and-his-titanic-career-feature-story-by-maria-realf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Bilmes |title=James Cameron is a genial raconteur and self-effacing man, says Alex Bilmes |work=[[GQ]] |date=December 14, 2009 |access-date=May 9, 2014 |url=http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron |archive-date=March 26, 2010 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 26, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326133227/http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/comment/articles/2009-12/14/alex-bilmes-james-cameron }}</ref> He was almost past the point in his life when he felt he could consider an undersea expedition, but was restless to explore the life he had turned away from when he switched from the sciences to the arts in college. After an [[IMAX]] film, ''[[Titanica]]'' (1992), was made from footage of the ''Titanic'' wreck, Cameron sought Hollywood funding for his own expedition. He said he was more motivated by a desire to see the shipwreck than to make a film.<ref name="www.playboy.com" /> Cameron wrote a [[scriptment]] for a ''Titanic'' film,<ref name="dive" /> met [[20th Century Fox]] executives including [[Peter Chernin]], and pitched it as "''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' on the ''Titanic''".<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /><ref name="gq-magazine.co.uk" /> Cameron said the executives were unconvinced of the commercial potential, and had instead hoped for action scenes similar to his previous films.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> They approved the project as they hoped for a long-term relationship with Cameron.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron convinced Fox to promote the film based on the publicity afforded by shooting the ''Titanic'' wreck,<ref name="dive">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deep Dive Presentation | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> and organized several dives over two years.<ref name="foreword" /> He also convinced Fox that shooting the real wreck, instead of simulating it with special effects, would provide value: "We can either do [the shots] with elaborate models and motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> === Undersea footage === The crew shot at the wreck, which lies in the Atlantic Ocean, 12 times in 1995. The work was risky, as the water pressure could kill the crew if there were even the tiniest flaw in the submersible structure.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Additionally, adverse conditions prevented Cameron from getting footage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> During one dive, one of the submersibles collided with ''Titanic''{{'}}s hull, damaging both and leaving fragments of the submersible's propeller shroud scattered around the superstructure. The external bulkhead of the captain's quarters collapsed, exposing the interior, and the area around the entrance to the [[Grand Staircase of the Titanic|Grand Staircase]] was damaged.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Eaton | first1 = John P. | last2 = Haas | first2 = Charles A. | year = 1999 | title = ''Titanic'': A Journey Through Time | page=205 | publisher = Patrick Stephens | location = Sparkford, Somerset | isbn = 978-1-85260-575-9 }}</ref> Descending to the site emphasized to the crew that the ''Titanic'' disaster was not simply a story of fiction, but a real event with real loss of life. Cameron said: "Working around the wreck for so much time, you get such a strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it." He felt a "great mantle of responsibility" to convey the emotional message of the story, as he was aware there might never be another filmmaker to visit the wreck.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> === Writing === After filming the underwater shots, Cameron began writing the screenplay.<ref name="dive" /> He wanted to honor the people who died, and spent six months researching the ''Titanic''{{'}}s crew and passengers.<ref name="foreword" /> He created a detailed timeline of the events of the voyage and sinking and had it verified by historical experts.<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> From the beginning of the shoot, the team had "a very clear picture" of what happened on the ship. Cameron said, "That set the bar higher in a way – it elevated the movie in a sense. We wanted this to be a definitive visualization of this moment in history as if you'd gone back in a time machine and shot it."<ref name="www.eyeforfilm.co.uk" /> Cameron was influenced by ''[[A Night to Remember (1958 film)|A Night to Remember]]'', the 1958 British film about the ''Titanic'' which he had seen as a youth. He liberally copied some dialogue and scenes, including the lively party of the passengers in steerage,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |title=Neoliberal and Social Democratic Versions of History, Class and Ideology in James Cameron's ''Titanic'' and Roy Baker's ''A Night to Remember'' |journal=Sydney Studies in English |volume=43 |first=Steve |last=Cramer |publisher=Sydney Studies |date=2017 |page=117 |s2cid=165242268 |access-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-date=June 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629005133/https://openjournals.library.sydney.edu.au/SSE/article/view/12639 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[Musicians of the Titanic|musicians playing on the deck]] during the sinking.<ref name="five">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|title=Five Titanic myths spread by films|first=Rosie|last=Waites|date=April 5, 2012|access-date=September 15, 2019|work=BBC News|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044643/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17515305|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron felt the ''Titanic'' sinking was "like a great novel that really happened", but that the event had become a mere [[morality tale]]; the film would give audiences the experience of living the history.<ref name="foreword" /> The treasure hunter Brock Lovett represented those who never connected with the human element of the tragedy.<ref name="heart" /> He believed that the romance of Jack and Rose would be the most engaging element: when their love is finally destroyed, the audience would mourn the loss.<ref name="foreword" /> He said: "All my films are love stories, but in ''Titanic'' I finally got the balance right. It's not a disaster film. It's a love story with a fastidious overlay of real history."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> Cameron created the character of the modern-day Rose, a survivor of the ''Titanic'', to "see the present and the past" and "connects us in a way through history".<ref name="Making of" /> He framed the romance with the elderly Rose to make the intervening years palpable and poignant.<ref name="foreword" /> While Winslet and Stuart believed Rose dies at the end,<ref name="Audio Commentary">{{cite video | people = [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]], Kate Winslet, Gloria Stuart, [[Victor Garber]] | title = Audio Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = [[20th Century Fox]] |year = 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Beverly Fortune|title=Wheel of Fortune |work=[[Lexington Herald-Leader]] |date=October 11, 1999 |quote=That was one of the first questions pitched to 89-year-old actress Gloria Stuart at a book signing Wednesday night at Joseph-Beth Booksellers{{nbsp}}[...] 'Yes, Old Rose died.'}}</ref> Cameron said, "The answer has to be something you supply personally, individually."<ref name="comm-sleep-or-dead" /> ===Scale modeling=== [[File:TitanicBaja.jpg|thumb|alt=A ship resembling the Titanic is being built at a port with clear skies and small waves.|The reconstruction of ''Titanic''. The blueprints were supplied by the original ship's builder and Cameron tried to make the ship as detailed and accurate as possible.<ref name="blueprint">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 36–38</ref><ref name="ewadmin">{{Cite web |last=ewadmin |date=August 13, 2014 |title=TITANIC, the Model |url=https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Epoxyworks |language=en-US |archive-date=July 24, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724131201/https://www.epoxyworks.com/index.php/titanic-the-model/ |url-status=live }}</ref>]] [[Harland & Wolff]], ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders, opened their private archives to the crew, sharing blueprints that were previously thought lost.<ref name="blueprint" /> Fox acquired {{convert|40|acres}} of waterfront south of [[Rosarito Beach|Playas de Rosarito]] in Mexico and began building a new studio on May 31, 1996. A [[horizon tank]] of {{convert|17|e6usgal|e6l|abbr=off}} was built for the exterior of the reconstructed ship, providing 270 degrees of ocean view. The ship was built to full scale, but Lamont removed redundant sections on the [[superstructure]] and forward well deck for the ship to fit in the tank, with the remaining sections filled with digital models. The lifeboats and funnels were shrunk by ten percent. The boat deck and A-deck were working sets, but the rest of the ship was steel plating. Within was a {{convert|50|ft|m|adj=on}} lifting platform for the ship to tilt during the sinking sequences. The {{convert|60|ft|m|adj=on}} 1/8th scale model of the stern section was designed by the naval architect [[Jay Kantola]] using plans of the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sister ship {{RMS|Olympic}}.<ref name="ewadmin"/> Above the model was a {{convert|162|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower crane on {{convert|600|ft|m}} of [[rail track]], acting as a combined construction, lighting, and camera platform.<ref name="heart" /> The sets representing the interior rooms of the ''Titanic'' were reproduced exactly using photographs and plans from the ''Titanic''{{'s}} builders. The Grand Staircase, which features prominently in the film, was recreated to a high standard, but widened by 30% and reinforced with steel girders. Craftsmen from Mexico and Britain sculpted the ornate paneling and plasterwork based on ''Titanic''{{'s}} original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/21 21]}}</ref> The carpeting, upholstery, pieces of furniture, light fixtures, chairs, cutlery and crockery with the [[White Star Line]] crest on each piece were among the objects recreated according to original designs.<ref>{{cite book| title=James Cameron's Titanic | url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk | url-access=registration | author=Ed W. Marsh | year=1997 | page=[https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit00kirk/page/35 35]}}</ref> For the ship's interiors, production designer [[Peter Lamont]]'s team looked for artifacts from the era. The newness of the ship meant every prop had to be made from scratch.<ref name="blueprint" /> Cameron hired two ''Titanic'' historians, [[Don Lynch]] and [[Ken Marschall]], to authenticate the historical detail.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ===Casting=== Cameron said he needed the cast to feel they were really on the ''Titanic'', to relive its liveliness, and "to take that energy and give it to Jack ... an artist who is able to have his heart soar".<ref name="Making of">{{cite news|title=Heart of the Ocean: The Making of ''Titanic''. THE BEST OF.|date=1997–1998}}</ref> Established actors including [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Chris O'Donnell]], [[Billy Crudup]], and [[Stephen Dorff]] were considered, but Cameron felt they were too old for the part of a 20-year-old.<ref name="www.ew.com">{{cite magazine|title=Titanic. Man overboard! After a production as lavish and pricey as the doomed ship itself, James Cameron finally unveils his epic film. But will it be unsinkable?|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|pages=1–7|date=November 7, 1997|url=https://ew.com/article/1997/11/07/titanic-10/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326120040/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290182,00.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010}}</ref><ref name="www.media-awareness.ca">{{cite web|title=James Cameron's Titanic|publisher=[[Media Awareness Network]]|access-date=January 24, 2010|url=http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609180647/http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/teachable_moments/deconstructing_titanic_6.cfm|archive-date=June 9, 2011}}</ref> [[Tom Cruise]] was interested, but his [[asking price]] was too high.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron considered [[Jared Leto]], but he refused to audition.<ref>{{cite web|first=Ramin|last=Setoodeh|title=Leonardo DiCaprio or Kate Winslet: Which 'Titanic' Star Has the Better Career?|work=[[The Daily Beast]]|publisher=[[The Newsweek Daily Beast Company]]|date=April 4, 2012|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|access-date=April 23, 2012|archive-date=November 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011441/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/04/04/leonardo-dicaprio-or-kate-winslet-which-titanic-star-has-the-better-career.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jeremy Sisto]] filmed a series of screen tests with Winslet and three other actresses vying for the role of Rose.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Meena|last=Jang|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|title='Clueless' Actor: I Was "Heartbroken" After Losing 'Titanic' Role to Leonardo DiCaprio|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=June 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617234811/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jeremy-sisto-was-heartbroken-losing-779565|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mark Wahlberg]] met Cameron to discuss the part but Cameron was not interested.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ObAQjiIupMA |title=Mark Wahlberg on Leonardo DiCaprio Friendship & His Kids Thinking a Dog Surprise Was Kim Kardashian |date=September 24, 2025 |last=The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon |access-date=September 29, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> [[Ethan Hawke]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Alex |date=September 1, 2025 |title=How Ethan Hawke found the sweet spot |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ethan-hawke-interview-2025 |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Christian Bale]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Cassidy |date=May 21, 2022 |title=Why Christian Bale Declared Leonardo DiCaprio His Nemesis |url=https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=CBR |language=en |archive-date=April 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428040411/https://www.cbr.com/christian-bale-leonardo-dicaprio-movie-nemesis-explained/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Paul Rudd]] also auditioned.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Conner Schwerdtfeger |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Why Paul Rudd Wanted The Lead Role In Titanic So Badly |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |access-date=November 4, 2025 |website=Cinemablend |language=en |archive-date=September 30, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930181838/https://www.cinemablend.com/new/Why-Paul-Rudd-Wanted-Lead-Role-Titanic-So-Badly-119157.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Leonardo DiCaprio, then 21 years old, was brought to Cameron's attention by the casting director, [[Mali Finn]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Initially, DiCaprio did not want the role and refused to read his first romantic scene. Cameron said, "He read it once, then started goofing around, and I could never get him to focus on it again. But for one split second, a shaft of light came down from the heavens and lit up the forest." Cameron believed in DiCaprio's ability and told him, "Look, I'm not going to make this guy brooding and neurotic. I'm not going to give him a tic and a limp and all the things you want." Cameron envisioned the character as like those played by [[James Stewart]] or [[Gregory Peck]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |title=James Cameron Breaks Down His Most Iconic Films {{!}} GQ |date=November 22, 2022 |last=GQ |access-date=May 27, 2024 |via=YouTube |archive-date=May 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527080751/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIEbpGdctyg |url-status=live }}</ref> After she screen-tested with DiCaprio, Winslet was so impressed she whispered to Cameron, "He's great. Even if you don't pick me, pick him."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> DiCaprio turned down the lead role in ''[[Boogie Nights]]'' (1997) to star in ''Titanic.'' In 2025, he said he regretted this decision, saying ''Boogie Nights'' was "a profound movie of my generation".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Says 'My Biggest Regret' Is Turning Down 'Boogie Nights' Offer 30 Years Ago|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|last=Sharf|date=August 14, 2025|first=Zack|website=Variety|access-date=September 2, 2025|archive-date=September 13, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913175152/https://variety.com/2025/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-regrets-boogie-nights-offer-1236488229/|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron described Rose as "an [[Audrey Hepburn]] type". As with DiCaprio, Finn brought Winslet to Cameron's attention. [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], [[Winona Ryder]], [[Claire Danes]] (who had worked with DiCaprio in ''[[Romeo + Juliet]]'' the previous year), [[Gabrielle Anwar]], and [[Reese Witherspoon]] were considered for the role.<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="www.forbes.com">{{cite news |date=February 25, 2009 |title=Star Misses. Nicole Kidman in "The Reader"? Gwyneth Paltrow aboard "Titanic"? How some of the biggest names in Hollywood lost out on some of its biggest roles. |url=https://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104103436/http://www.forbes.com/2009/02/25/nicole-kidman-gwyneth-paltrow-kate-winslet-business-media_star_misses.html |archive-date=November 4, 2015 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2012 |title='Titanic' Casting: What Other Stars Were Considered For James Cameron's Masterpiece? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313200613/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/22/titanic-casting-james-cameron-christian-bale_n_1619006.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |access-date=March 21, 2016 |work=[[Huffington Post]]}}</ref><ref name="women.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news |last=Warrington |first=Ruby |date=November 29, 2009 |title=Claire Danes: the secretive starlet |url=http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |access-date=January 22, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615145756/http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article6929555.ece }}</ref> When they turned it down, Winslet campaigned for the role. She sent Cameron daily notes from England, which led Cameron to invite her to Hollywood for auditions. He was initially uncertain even after her [[screen test]] impressed him.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Winslet sent Cameron a single rose with a card signed, "From Your Rose", and lobbied him by phone. "You don't understand!" she pleaded one day when she reached him by mobile phone in his [[Humvee]]. "I am Rose! I don't know why you're even seeing anyone else!" Her persistence and talent eventually convinced him to cast her.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron said Winslet "had the thing that you look for" and that there was "a quality in her face, in her eyes" that he "just knew people would be ready to go the distance with her".<ref name="Making of" /> Winslet said of Rose: "She has got a lot to give, and she's got a very open heart. And she wants to explore and adventure the world, but she [feels] that's not going to happen."<ref name="Making of" /> At 87, [[Gloria Stuart]] had to be made up to look older for the role of the elderly Rose.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron instructed Finn to "find retired actresses from the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of the thirties and forties]]".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net">{{cite web |last=Schultz |first=Rick |title=James Cameron tells the astonishing story of Titanic, his breathtaking labor of love |url=http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206150228/http://www.industrycentral.net/director_interviews/JC01.HTM |archive-date=February 6, 2010 |access-date=January 23, 2010 |publisher=industrycentral.net}}</ref> Cameron did not know who Stuart was. [[Fay Wray]] was also considered, but Cameron said, "[Stuart] was just so into it, and so lucid, and had such a great spirit. And I saw the connection between her spirit and [Winslet's] spirit. I saw this ''[[joie de vivre]]'' in both of them, that I thought the audience would be able to make that cognitive leap that it's the same person."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net"/> Cameron considered [[Michael Biehn]] for the role of Cal Hockley, whom he had previously collaborated with on ''[[The Terminator]], [[Aliens (1986 film)|Aliens]]'', and ''[[The Abyss]]'',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spelling |first1=Ian |date=February 13, 1997 |title='Asteroid's' Michael Biehn Hopes for a Big Impact |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905060654/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-13-9702130369-story.html |archive-date=September 5, 2023 |access-date=September 5, 2023 |publisher=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> before offering it to Matthew McConaughey.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> [[Rob Lowe]] said he also pursued it.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Why Rob Lowe Left Brothers & Sisters & The West Wing |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714182709/http://www.eonline.com/news/699008/rob-lowe-talks-about-his-brothers-sisters-and-the-west-wing-departures-ahead-of-the-grinder-premiere |archive-date=July 14, 2017 |access-date=July 23, 2017 |work=E! Online |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Reba McEntire]] turned down the role of [[Margaret Brown]] because it conflicted with her touring schedule.<ref>{{cite news |last=Schaffstall |first=Katherine |date=February 22, 2019 |title=Reba McEntire Reveals She Turned Down a Role in 'Titanic' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227061650/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/reba-mcentire-turned-down-a-role-titanic-1188978/ |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |access-date=February 26, 2023 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ===Filming=== [[Principal photography]] began on July 31, 1996,<ref name="filmingdate" /> at [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]]. The modern-day expedition scenes were shot aboard the ''[[Akademik Mstislav Keldysh]]''.<ref name="heart" /> In September, the production moved to the newly built Fox [[Baja Studios]] in [[Rosarito, Mexico]], where a full-scale ''Titanic'' replica had been constructed.<ref name="heart" /> The [[poop deck]] was built on a hinge that could rise from zero to 90 degrees in a few seconds, just as the ship's stern rose during the sinking.<ref name="timelapse">{{cite video | people = Ed W. Marsh | title = Construction Timelapse | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> For the safety of the stuntmen, many props were made of foam rubber.<ref name="sink">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 130–142</ref> By November 15, the boarding scenes were being shot.<ref name="timelapse" /> Cameron built his ''Titanic'' on the [[starboard]] side as a study of weather data revealed it was a prevailing north-to-south wind, which blew the funnel smoke aft. This posed a problem for shooting the ship's departure from [[Southampton]], as it was docked on its [[Port and starboard|port]] side. Implementation of written directions, as well as props and costumes, had to be reversed; for example, if someone walked to their right in the script, they had to walk left during shooting. In post-production, the film was flipped to the correct direction.<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 52–54</ref> A full-time etiquette coach was hired to instruct the cast in the manners of the upper class gentility in 1912.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Despite this, several critics noted anachronisms.<ref>"Quite a bit of the dialogue is peppered by vulgarities and colloquialisms that seem inappropriate to the period and place, but again seem aimed directly to the sensibilities of young American viewers." {{cite news |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |title="Titanic" review by Todd McCarthy |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=November 3, 1997 |first=Todd |last=McCarthy |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043404/https://variety.com/1997/film/reviews/titanic-5-1117339997/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Desson |last=Howe |access-date=February 21, 2009 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |title=Titanic's very slow leak |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=March 25, 1999 |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043439/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/titanichowe.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Kate-winslet titanic movie pencil-drawing.jpg|left|thumb|alt=A pencil-drawing sketch depicting a woman with a somewhat stern face lying on a chair and pillow naked, only wearing a diamond necklace. From the breast down the picture is cut off.|Cameron's sketch of Rose wearing the Heart of the Ocean. The scene was one of the first shot, as the main set was not ready.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" />]] Cameron sketched Jack's portrait of Rose; Winslet posed in a bathing suit.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |title=Topless drawing of Kate Winslet in Titanic to sell for £10,000 |date=April 1, 2011 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |access-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225925/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-news/8421218/Topless-drawing-of-Kate-Winslet-in-Titanic-to-sell-for-10000.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Huff |first=Lauren |date=February 9, 2023 |title=James Cameron is really the one sketching naked Rose in 'Titanic' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |access-date=February 4, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=February 4, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204145304/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-drew-rose-sketch-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron felt the scene had a backdrop of repression and freedom: "You know what it means for her, the freedom she must be feeling. It's kind of exhilarating for that reason," he said.<ref name="The Telegraph-2011" /><ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The sketching scene was DiCaprio and Winslet's first scene together. Cameron said: "It wasn't by any kind of design, although I couldn't have designed it better. There's a nervousness and an energy and a hesitance in them. They had rehearsed together, but they hadn't shot anything together. If I'd had a choice, I probably would have preferred to put it deeper into the body of the shoot." Cameron said he and his crew "were just trying to find things to shoot" because the big set "wasn't ready for months, so we were scrambling around trying to fill in anything we could get to shoot." Cameron felt the final scene worked well.<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> The shoot was an arduous experience that "cemented Cameron's formidable reputation as 'the scariest man in Hollywood". He became known as an "uncompromising, hard-charging perfectionist" and a "300-decibel screamer, a modern-day [[Captain Bligh]] with a megaphone and walkie-talkie, swooping down into people's faces on a 162&nbsp;ft crane."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news|first=Christopher|last=Godwin|title=James Cameron: From Titanic to Avatar|work=[[The Times]]|date=November 8, 2008|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615064159/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece|archive-date=June 15, 2011|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=September 16, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916020751/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/film/article6902906.ece}}</ref> Winslet chipped a bone in her elbow during filming and worried that she would drown in the 17-million-gallon (64-million-litre) water tank in which the ship would sink. She said she was sometimes afraid of Cameron's temper and that he would shout angrily at crew members.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> Bill Paxton was familiar with Cameron's work ethic from his earlier experience, and said: "There were a lot of people on the set. Jim is not one of those guys who has the time to win hearts and minds."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The crew felt Cameron had an evil alter ego and nicknamed him "Mij" (Jim spelled backwards).<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> In response to the criticism, Cameron said, "Film-making is war. A great battle between business and aesthetics."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> More than 800 crew members worked on the film.<ref name="Weinraub-1997" /> On August 9, 1996, during the ''Akademik Mstislav Keldysh'' shoot in Canada, an unknown person, suspected to be a crew member, put the [[dissociative]] drug [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] into the soup that Cameron and various others ate one night in [[Dartmouth, Nova Scotia]].<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="PCP">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming|title=PCP-laced chowder derails ''Titanic'' filming|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=September 13, 1996|access-date=December 3, 2015|archive-date=November 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202633/https://ew.com/article/1996/09/13/pcp-laced-chowder-derails-titanic-filming/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=unsolvedmystery>{{cite news |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|title=Titanic's Greatest Unsolved Mystery Involves a Conga Line, P.C.P., and an Unidentified Chowder|last=Rich|first=Katie|date=December 19, 2017|work=Vanity Fair|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219174816/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/12/titanic-pcp-chowder|archive-date=December 19, 2017}}</ref> It sent more than 50 people to the hospital.<ref name="PCP"/><ref name=unsolvedmystery/> Paxton and Cameron ate the soup and went to the hospital, however, Paxton decided to leave, telling Cameron, "Jim, I'm not gonna hang out here, this is bedlam. I'm gonna ... wander back down to the set and just drink a case of beer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2015 |title=A case of beer? Bill Paxton reveals his remedy for 'Titanic's' PCP-laced chowder |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311051144/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/gossip/la-et-mg-bill-paxton-pcp-laced-chowder-remedy-titanic-larry-king-20150617-htmlstory.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The actor Lewis Abernathy said "there were people just rolling around, completely out of it. Some of them said they were seeing streaks and psychedelics."<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Cameron vomited before the drug took a full hold. Abernathy was shocked at the way he looked. "One eye was completely red, like the [[Terminator (character)|Terminator]] eye. A pupil, no iris, beet red. The other eye looked like he'd been sniffing glue since he was four."<ref name="www.ew.com" /><ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> The Nova Scotia Department of Health confirmed that the soup had contained PCP on August 27, and the [[Halifax Regional Police Service]] announced a criminal investigation the next day. The investigation was closed in February 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jacobs |first=Matthew |date=December 19, 2022 |title=25 Years Later, No One Knows Who Spiked the Titanic Chowder |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |access-date=December 19, 2022 |website=Vulture |language=en-us |archive-date=December 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219210838/https://www.vulture.com/2022/12/25-years-later-no-one-knows-who-spiked-the-titanic-chowder.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Though Cameron suggest it might have been a fired crew member that was behind the poisoning, the person was never caught.<ref name=unsolvedmystery/><ref name="Audio Commentary" /><ref name="return">{{cite news | author=Andrew Gumbel | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | title=Lights, cameras, blockbuster: The return of James Cameron | work=[[The Independent]] | date=January 11, 2007 | access-date=February 5, 2008 | location=London | archive-date=January 27, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127013103/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/lights-cameras-blockbuster-the-return-of-james-cameron-431615.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The filming schedule was intended to last 138 days but grew to 160 (filming officially wrapped on March 23, 1997).<ref name="filmingdate" /> Many cast members came down with colds, flu, or kidney infections after spending hours in cold water, including Winslet. She decided she would not work with Cameron again unless she earned "a lot of money".<ref name="return" /> Several others left the production, and three stuntmen broke their bones, but the [[Screen Actors Guild]] decided, following an investigation, that nothing was inherently unsafe about the set.<ref name="return" /> DiCaprio said there was no point when he felt he was in danger during filming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leonardo DiCaprio Interviewed by Joe Leydon for "Titanic"|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|publisher=YouTube|date=June 11, 2008|access-date=August 3, 2010|archive-date=April 27, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427162610/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZPnEEtvXTU|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets. He said:{{blockquote|I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people.<ref name="return" />}} The filming costs reached $200&nbsp;million,<ref name="Garrett (2007)">{{cite news|first=Diane |last=Garrett |title=Big-budget bang-ups. |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=April 20, 2007 |access-date=November 16, 2009 |url=https://variety.com/2007/more/news/big-budget-bang-ups-1117963551/}}</ref><ref name="Sandler & Studlar 1999">{{cite book |last1=Wyatt |first1=Justin |last2=Vlesmas |first2=Katherine |year=1999 |chapter=The Drama of Recoupment: On the Mass Media Negotiation of Titanic |editor=Kevin S. Sandler |editor2=Gaylyn Studlar |editor2-link=Gaylyn Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQC&pg=PA29 29]–45}}</ref><ref name="Welkos (1998)">{{cite news|first=Robert W. |last=Welkos |title=The $200-Million Lesson of 'Titanic' |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=February 11, 1998 |access-date=December 12, 2009 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-feb-11-ca-17727-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015183327/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/feb/11/entertainment/ca-17727 |archive-date=October 15, 2012}}</ref> around $1&nbsp;million per minute of screen time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Marshall |first=Sarah |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |title=The Insane True Story Of How "Titanic" Got Made |work=[[BuzzFeed]] |date=December 17, 2017 |access-date=December 27, 2017 |archive-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226230549/https://www.buzzfeed.com/sarahmarshall/20-years-ago-titanic-took-over-the-world-heres-why |url-status=live }}</ref> Fox executives panicked and suggested an hour of cuts from the three-hour film. They argued the extended length would mean fewer showings, thus less revenue, even though long epics are more likely to win [[Oscars]]. Cameron refused, telling Fox, "You want to cut my movie? You're going to have to fire me! You want to fire me? You're going to have to kill me!"<ref name="www.ew.com" /> The executives did not want to start over, because it would mean the loss of their entire investment. They initially rejected Cameron's offer to forfeit his share of the profits as an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely.<ref name="www.ew.com" /> Instead, they accepted his offer to give up his $8 million salary and his share of the initial gross profits.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Leatham |first=Tom |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Why James Cameron directed 'Titanic' for free |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |access-date=July 15, 2025 |website=Far Out Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706161333/https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/james-cameron-directed-titanic-for-free/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Cameron said: "The short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day|T2]]'' and ''[[True Lies]].'' Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. ''Titanic'' also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more. As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it; they were glad that I did."<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> In July 2024, Cameron said that the co-producer [[Jon Landau (film producer)|Jon Landau]] "bore the brunt of the studio pressure" when ''Titanic'' was made.<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau">{{cite news |last=Thomas |first=Carly |date=July 8, 2024 |title=James Cameron, Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet and More Remember Jon Landau: "He Gave Everyone a Sense of Purpose and Belonging" |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707232949/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/jon-landau-dead-hollywood-tributes-1235940368/ |archive-date=July 7, 2024 |accessdate=July 8, 2024 |publisher=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> According to Cameron, Landau "gave his all to provide the time and resources for me to make the film I saw in my head".<ref name="cameronspeaksonlandau" /> Worried about the mounting costs, Fox wanted to find a partner studio to co-finance the film. Fox first approached [[Universal Pictures]], as they had picked up the international distribution rights to Cameron's ''[[True Lies]]'' (1994) when production costs began to mount; however, Universal would turn Fox down.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=December 8, 1997 |title=Cinema: Trying to Stay Afloat |url=https://time.com/archive/6731946/cinema-trying-to-stay-afloat/ |work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=April 11, 2026}}</ref> Instead, Fox and [[Paramount Pictures]] came together in May 1996 following the success both studios had collaborating on the distribution for [[Mel Gibson]]'s ''[[Braveheart]]'' (1995), and they agreed to co-finance the film and split the distribution rights.<ref name="Bart-2022">{{Cite news |last=Bart |first=Peter |date=December 15, 2022 |title=Peter Bart: James Cameron's 'Avatar' Movies Represent Titanic Commitment In A Changing World |work=Deadline.com |url=https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |archive-date=December 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229033828/https://deadline.com/2022/12/james-cameron-avatar-movie-plan-titanic-history-lesson-1235200296/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an effort to recoup their $135 million investment, Fox sold the domestic rights to Paramount in return for Paramount providing Fox an additional $65 million for production, while retaining international rights; Fox remained responsible for any further budget overruns, but they would retain all profits from any merchandise as part of the deal with Paramount.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brew |first1=Simon |title=Titanic, and how Paramount Pictures got an incredible deal on the world's biggest film |url=https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |website=Film Stories |date=April 15, 2020 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620064606/https://filmstories.co.uk/features/titanic-and-how-paramount-pictures-got-an-incredible-deal-on-the-worlds-biggest-film/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023">{{Cite news |last=Feinberg |first=Scott |date=March 9, 2023 |title=An Oral History of the Epic 'Titanic' Oscars at 25 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317223819/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/titanic-oscars-oral-history-1235343150/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Amidst the film's successful box-office run, the Fox executive William Mechanic said: "Jim Cameron told us we could have an expensive bad movie or a more expensive potentially great movie. We made our judgment. And we made the best choice."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Weinraub |first=Bernard |date=February 2, 1998 |title='Titanic' is turning out to be a success on the scale of its doomed subject. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |access-date=February 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206053341/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/02/business/media-entertainment-titanic-turning-be-success-scale-its-doomed-subject.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Post-production=== ====Effects==== Cameron wanted to push the boundary of special effects, and enlisted [[Digital Domain]] and [[Pacific Data Images]] to continue the developments in digital technology he pioneered on ''[[The Abyss]]'' and ''[[Terminator 2: Judgment Day]]''. Many previous films about ''Titanic'' shot water in [[slow motion]], which did not look wholly convincing.<ref name="unreality">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 147–154</ref> Cameron encouraged his crew to shoot their {{convert|45|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} [[Scale model|miniature]] of the ship as if "we're making a commercial for the White Star Line".<ref>Marsh and Kirkland, p. 65</ref> Afterwards, digital water and smoke were added, as were extras captured on a [[motion capture]] stage. Visual effects supervisor Rob Legato scanned the faces of many actors, including himself and his children, for the digital extras and stuntmen. There was also a {{convert|65|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} model of the ship's stern that could break in two repeatedly, the only miniature to be used in water.<ref name="unreality" /> For scenes set in the ship's engines, footage of the [[SS Jeremiah O'Brien|SS ''Jeremiah O'Brien''{{'}}s]] engines were composited with miniature support frames, and actors shot against a [[greenscreen]].<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX Shot Breakdown | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> To save money, the first-class lounge was a miniature set incorporated into a greenscreen backdrop behind the actors.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To For First Class Lounge | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The miniature of the lounge was crushed to simulate the destruction of the room and a scale model of a first-class corridor flooded with jets of water while the camera pans out.<ref>{{cite video | title = VFX How To Flood A First Class Corridor | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> [[File:Titanic breaks in half.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=The Titanic about to sink into the ocean, with the ship breaking into two parts and with smoke still coming out of the funnels.|Unlike previous films, ''Titanic'' showed the ship breaking in two before sinking. The scenes were an account of the most likely outcome.]] An enclosed {{convert|5000000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank was used for sinking interiors, in which the entire set could be tilted into the water. To sink the Grand Staircase, {{convert|90000|usgal|L}} of water were dumped into the set as it was lowered into the tank. Unexpectedly, the waterfall ripped the staircase from its steel-reinforced foundations, although no one was hurt. The {{convert|744|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} exterior of ''Titanic'' had its first half lowered into the tank, but as the heaviest part of the ship it acted as a [[shock absorber]] against the water; to get the set into the water, Cameron had much of the set emptied and smashed some of the promenade windows himself. After submerging the dining saloon, three days were spent shooting Lovett's [[remotely operated vehicle|ROV]] traversing the wreck in the present.<ref name="heart" /> The scenes in the freezing Atlantic were shot in a {{convert|350000|usgal|L|adj=mid}} tank.<ref name="water">Marsh and Kirkland, pp. 161–168</ref> The frozen corpses were created by applying on actors a powder that crystallized when exposed to water, and wax was coated on hair and clothes.<ref name="blueprint" /> The climactic scene, which features the breakup of the ship directly before it sinks and its plunge to the bottom of the Atlantic, involved a tilting full-sized set, 150 extras, and 100 stunt performers. Cameron criticized previous ''Titanic'' films for depicting the liner's final plunge as a graceful slide underwater. He "wanted to depict it as the terrifyingly chaotic event that it really was".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The actors needed to fall off the increasingly tilting deck, plunging hundreds of feet below and bouncing off railings and propellers on the way down. A few attempts to film this sequence with stunt actors resulted in minor injuries, and Cameron halted the more dangerous stunts. The risks were eventually minimized "by using computer-generated people for the dangerous falls".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> A [[Linux]]-based operating system was used for the effects.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Daryll |date=February 1, 1998 |title=Linux Helps Bring Titanic to Life |url=https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301001437/https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/2494 |archive-date=March 1, 2021 |website=[[Linux Journal]] |quote=Linux fulfilled the task very well. It handled every job we threw at it. During our testing phase, we used its ability to emulate Digital UNIX applications to benchmark standard applications and show that its performance would meet our needs. The flexibility of the existing devices and available source code gave Linux a definitive advantage.}}</ref> ====Editing==== Cameron said there were aspects of the ''Titanic'' story that seemed important in pre- and post-production but became less important as the film evolved. He omitted the [[SS Californian|SS ''Californian'']], the ship that was close to the ''Titanic'' the night she sank but had turned off its radio for the night, did not hear her crew's [[SOS]] calls, and did not respond to their distress flares. A scene involving the ''Californian'' was cut, according to Cameron, "because it focuses you back onto that world. If ''Titanic'' is powerful as a metaphor, as a microcosm, for the end of the world in a sense, then that world must be self-contained." He said its omission was not "a compromise to mainstream filmmaking" but "about emphasis, creating an emotional truth to the film".<ref name="www.industrycentral.net" /> During the first assembly cut, Cameron altered the ending. In the original version, Brock and Lizzy see the elderly Rose at the stern of the boat and fear she is about to commit suicide. Rose reveals that she has possessed the Heart of the Ocean diamond all along but never sold it, to live on her own without Cal's money. She allows Brock to hold it but tells Brock that life is priceless and throws the diamond into the ocean. After accepting that treasure is worthless, Brock laughs at his stupidity. Cameron decided that the audience would no longer be interested in Lovett and cut the scene, so that Rose is alone when she drops the diamond. He also did not want to disrupt the audience's melancholy after the ''Titanic''{{'s}} sinking.<ref>{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Alternate Ending Commentary | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> Paxton agreed that his scene with Brock's epiphany and laugh was unnecessary, saying: "I would have shot heroin to make the scene work better{{nbsp}}... Our job was done by then{{nbsp}}... If you're smart and you take the ego and the narcissism out of it, you'll listen to the film, and the film will tell you what it needs and what it does not need."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | title=Bill Paxton on the Alternate Ending of 'Titanic' That Audiences Didn't See in 1997 | first=Will | last=Lerner | date=February 27, 2017 | publisher=Yahoo! Entertainment | access-date=September 23, 2018 | archive-date=December 25, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225134938/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bill-paxton-on-the-alternate-ending-of-titanic-audiences-didnt-see-in-1997-150538039.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The version used for the first [[test screening]] featured a fight between Jack and Lovejoy after Jack and Rose escape into the flooded dining saloon.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries">{{cite video | people = James Cameron | title = Deleted scene commentaries | medium = DVD | publisher = 20th Century Fox |year = 2005}}</ref> The scene was written to add suspense, and had Cal offering to give Lovejoy, his valet, the Heart of the Ocean if he can get it from Jack and Rose. Lovejoy goes after the pair in the sinking first-class dining room. Jack attacks him and smashes his head against a window; this is why Lovejoy has a gash later. Cameron cut the scene for pacing reasons, and as test audiences found it unrealistic to risk one's life for wealth. Many other scenes were cut for pacing reasons.<ref name="Deleted scene commentaries" /> ====Heart of the Ocean==== {{redirect|Heart of the Ocean}} For the Heart of the Ocean design, London-based jewelers [[Asprey & Garrard]] used [[cubic zirconia]]s set in white gold<ref name="oocities">{{cite interview|interviewer=Diane Sawyer|first=Terry|last=Davidson|date=March 11, 1998|title=Real 'Titanic' Necklace to Benefit Diana's Trust: Movie's Paste Necklace Recreated with Real Jewels|url=http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|access-date=February 24, 2020|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801220113/http://www.oocities.org/heartland/acres/1561/heart.html|url-status=live}}</ref> to create an [[Edwardian]]-style necklace to be used as a prop. The studio designed and produced three variations, very similar but unique and distinguishable in character. The third went unused until after the film had been released. The three necklaces are commonly known as the original prop, the J. Peterman necklace and the Asprey necklace.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} The third and final design was not used. After the film's success, [[Asprey & Garrard]] were commissioned to create an authentic Heart of the Ocean necklace using the original design. The result was a platinum-set, {{convert|171|carat|g|adj=on}} heart-shaped Ceylon [[sapphire]] surrounded by 103 diamonds.<ref name="oocities" /> This design featured a much larger inverted pear-shaped Ceylon sapphire with a subtle cleft to resemble a heart. The chain for this necklace also featured a mix of round, pear, and marquise cut white diamonds. The bail also featured a heart cut white diamond with another round cut diamond attached to an inverted pear shape diamond which was then attached to the cage of the main stone. The necklace was donated to [[Sotheby's]] auction house in [[Beverly Hills]] for an auction benefiting the [[Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund]] and Southern California's Aid For AIDS. It was sold to an unidentified Asprey client<ref>{{cite news|title=Heart of the Matter|last=Van Der Voort|first=Jane|date=February 11, 2001|work=The Toronto Sun}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> for $1.4&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.4|1998|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}), under the agreement that Dion would wear it two nights later at the [[70th Academy Awards|1998 Academy Awards]] ceremony. The necklace has not been made available for public viewing.{{citation needed|date=June 2025}} ==پيداوار== ==ساؤنڊ ٽريڪ== ==ريليز== ==استقبال== ==تعريف== ==ورثو ۽ ٻيهر ريليز== ==ٻين ميڊيا ۾ نمائندگي== ==Soundtrack== {{Main|Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture|l1 = ''Titanic: Music from the Motion Picture''|Back to Titanic|l2 = ''Back to Titanic''}} Cameron wrote ''Titanic'' while listening to the work of the Irish new-age musician [[Enya]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|title=Soundtrack to 'Titanic' Rises to No. 1|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021073533/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-jan-15-ca-8361-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After Enya declined an invitation to compose for the film,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newagemusic.guide/new-age-music-history/enya-said-no-titanic|title=When Enya Said No To Titanic|website=newagemusic.guide|date= April 21, 2017|access-date= December 9, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|title=Ireland's Enya on How Life by the Sea Influenced Her Music|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018025817/https://www.wsj.com/articles/irelands-enya-on-how-life-by-the-sea-influenced-her-music-1458056146|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=March 2026}} Cameron chose [[James Horner]]. The two had parted ways after a tumultuous working experience on ''[[Aliens (film)|Aliens]],''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|title='He was a good friend, and he was very funny': Hollywood director James Cameron on working with Titanic, Avatar and Aliens composer James Horner|work=[[Royal Albert Hall]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020205231/https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2017/september/he-was-a-good-friend-and-he-was-very-funny-hollywood-director-james-cameron-on-working-with-titanic-avatar-and-aliens-composer-james-horner/|url-status=live}}</ref> but ''Titanic'' cemented a successful collaboration that lasted until Horner's death.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|title=James Cameron Remembers Working With James Horner|work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]]|access-date=June 17, 2019|language=en-US|archive-date=October 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020040100/https://www.vulture.com/2015/06/james-cameron-remembers-working-with-james-horner.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For the vocals heard throughout the film, Horner chose the Norwegian singer [[Sissel Kyrkjebø]], commonly known as "Sissel". Horner knew Sissel from her album ''[[Innerst i sjelen (album)|Innerst i sjelen]]'', and particularly liked how she sang "[[Eg veit i himmerik ei borg]]" ("I Know in Heaven There Is a Castle"). He tried around 30 singers before choosing Sissel.<ref name="online.wsj.com">{{cite news|first=Earle|last=Hitchner|title=In Titanic's Wake: A Voice to Remember . . .|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=March 12, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB889672431117893500?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB889672431117893500.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043521/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB889672431117893500|url-status=live}}</ref> Horner wrote the end theme, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]", in secret with [[Will Jennings]], because Cameron did not want any songs in the film.<ref name="Parisi">Parisi, p. 195</ref> [[Céline Dion]] agreed to record a demo at the persuasion of her husband [[René Angélil]]. Horner waited until Cameron was in an appropriate mood before presenting him with the song. After playing it several times, Cameron declared his approval, although worried that he would have been criticized for "going commercial at the end of the movie".<ref name="Parisi" /> Cameron also wanted to appease anxious studio executives and "saw that a hit song from his movie could only be a positive factor in guaranteeing its completion".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The soundtrack was the best-selling album of 1998, with sales of over 27 million.<ref name="VHS" /> ==Release== ===Theatrical=== Distribution for ''Titanic'' was split between Paramount Pictures and 20th Century Fox; Paramount handling the domestic distribution, and Fox handling the foreign release.<ref name="Bart-2022" /> Both studios expected Cameron to complete it for release on July 2, 1997,<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=Hollywood Braces for Likely Delay Of 'Titanic'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|access-date=February 8, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 21, 1997|archive-date=February 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210216221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/21/movies/hollywood-braces-for-likely-delay-of-titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> "to exploit the lucrative summer season ticket sales when blockbuster films usually do better".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> In April, Cameron said the special effects were too complicated and that releasing the film on that date would not be possible.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The studios considered pushing it to late July or the first week of August, but [[Harrison Ford]], whose film ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]'' was to be released on July 25, is reported to have informed Paramount, which had produced his lucrative ''[[Indiana Jones]]'' and ''[[Jack Ryan (franchise)|Jack Ryan]]'' franchises, that he would never work with them again if they released ''Titanic'' so close to his own film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drudge |first=Matt |date=May 21, 1997 |title=Drudge: Harrison Ford Holds Up the Titanic |url=https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |access-date=July 9, 2023 |website=wired.com |archive-date=July 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709060046/https://www.wired.com/1997/05/drudge-harrison-ford-holds-up-the-titanic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On May 29, 1997, Paramount pushed back the release date to December 19, 1997.<ref name="Weinraub-1997">{{cite news|last=Weinraub|first=Bernard|title=As Problems Delay 'Titanic,' Hollywood Sighs in Relief|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|access-date=April 30, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 29, 1997|archive-date=February 12, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212081342/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/29/movies/as-problems-delay-titanic-hollywood-sighs-in-relief.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The new release date would be shared by ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' and ''[[Mouse Hunt]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hewitt |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |title=A crop of holiday movies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241106202553/https://www.newspapers.com/article/syracuse-herald-journal-a-crop-of-holida/157123277/ |date=December 12, 1997 |access-date=November 6, 2024 |archive-date=November 6, 2024 |page=72 |work=Knight-Ridder Newspapers |publisher=[[Syracuse Herald-Journal]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> This led many to speculate that the film was not very well-done. A preview screening in [[Minneapolis]] on July 14 was received positively, and "[c]hatter on the internet was responsible for more favorable word of mouth about the [film]". This eventually led to more positive media coverage.<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> Cameron refused to hold the [[world premiere]] in Los Angeles.<ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> Paramount disagreed with Cameron's decision, but Fox acquiesced and went ahead and held the premiere on November 1, 1997, at the [[Tokyo International Film Festival]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Big in Japan: ''Titanic''{{'s}} premiere|url=https://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=November 14, 1997|archive-date=April 18, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=April 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418021537/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,290257,00.html}}</ref><ref name="Feinberg-2023" /> where reaction was described as "tepid" by ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Strom|first=Stephanie|title=Arts Abroad; Harrison Ford's Not in 'Titanic'? Well, No Matter!|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 4, 1997|archive-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211113547/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/04/movies/arts-abroad-harrison-ford-s-not-in-titanic-well-no-matter.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Positive reviews started to appear back in the United States; the official Hollywood premiere occurred on December 14, 1997, where "the big movie stars who attended the opening were enthusiastically gushing about the film to the world media".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The film had a London premiere as a [[Royal Film Performance]] attended by [[Prince Charles]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 20, 1997 |title=Titanic: the Telegraph's original 1997 film review |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |access-date=July 12, 2025 |website=The Telegraph |language=en |archive-date=September 16, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916062417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/11147220/Titanic-review.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ===Home media=== ''Titanic'' was released worldwide in [[widescreen]] and [[pan and scan]] formats on [[VHS]] on September 1, 1998.<ref name="www.amazon.com">Titanic [VHS] (1997). {{ISBN|0-7921-5171-2}}</ref> There are two separate cassettes on this release, as the film is divided into two parts.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |title=Sinking Feeling of Love |date=September 4, 1998 |access-date=October 15, 2024 |page=151 |publisher=[[Newsday (Suffolk Edition)]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |archive-date=April 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422100043/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-sinking-feelin/157130171/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More than $50&nbsp;million was spent to market the home video release.<ref>{{cite web|first=Adam|last=Sandler|url=https://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980610030915/http://www.variety.com/article.asp?articleID=1117471669|title='Titanic' sets sale|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|archive-date=June 10, 1998|date=June 9, 1998|access-date=October 5, 2019}}</ref> Both VHS formats were also made available in a deluxe boxed gift set with a mounted filmstrip and six lithograph prints from the movie. In the first 3 months, the film sold 25&nbsp;million copies in North America with a total sales value of $500&nbsp;million, becoming the [[List of best-selling films in the United States#VHS|best selling live-action video]], beating ''[[Independence Day (1996 film)|Independence Day]]''.<ref name=VHS>{{cite magazine|title='Titanic' tide tumbles o'seas video records|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 11, 1999|page=7|first=Marc|last=Graser}}</ref> In that time, it sold 58&nbsp;million copies worldwide, outselling ''[[The Lion King]]'' for a total worldwide revenue of $995&nbsp;million.<ref name=VHS/> By March 2005, ''Titanic'' had sold 8&nbsp;million [[DVD]] and 59&nbsp;million VHS units.<ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Wolf|url=http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050318182746/http://www.hive4media.com/news/html/breaking_article.cfm?article_id=7290|title=Titanic' Resurfaces for Special Edition DVD|website=[[Hive4media.com]]|archive-date=March 18, 2005|date=March 16, 2005|access-date=September 28, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, it sold 1.1&nbsp;million copies on its first day of release, making it the country's fastest-selling home video release. It held this record until May 2002, when ''[[Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)|Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone]]'' sold 1.2&nbsp;million home video units on its first day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2002 |title=Potter breaks another UK record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154618/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1984071.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' remained the fastest-selling DVD in the United Kingdom until ''[[Mamma Mia! (film)|Mamma Mia!]]'' took it in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/mamma-mia-the-movie-is-fastest-selling-uk-dvd-ever/4042138.article|title=Mamma Mia! - The Movie is fastest selling UK DVD ever}}</ref> Within the first week of release, ''Titanic'' quickly beat ''[[The Full Monty]]'', selling a total of 1.8&nbsp;million home video copies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 1998 |title=Titanic steams past video sales record |publisher=BBC |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823154455/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/201604.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[NBC]] acquired the US television broadcast rights for $30 million, which was considered a bargain.<ref name="VHS" /> A DVD version was released on August 31, 1999, in a widescreen-only (non-[[anamorphic]]) single-disc edition with no special features other than a [[theatrical trailer]]. Cameron stated at the time that he intended to release a special edition with extra features later. This release became the best-selling DVD of 1999 and early 2000, becoming the first DVD ever to sell one million copies.<ref name="www.usatoday.com">{{cite news|first=Thomas K|last=Arnold|title=Special editions go full steam ahead|work=[[USA Today]]|date=March 28, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125102914/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-03-28-dvd-special-editions_x.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, less than 5% of all U.S. homes had a DVD player. "When we released the original ''Titanic'' DVD, the industry was much smaller, and bonus features were not the standard they are now," said Meagan Burrows, Paramount's president of domestic home entertainment, which made the DVD performance even more impressive.<ref name="www.usatoday.com" /> ''Titanic'' was re-released to DVD on October 25, 2005, when a three-disc ''Special Collector's Edition'' was made available in the United States and Canada. This edition contained a newly restored transfer, a 6.1 [[DTS (company)|DTS-ES Discrete]] surround sound mix and various special features. In [[PAL]] regions, two-disc and four-disc variants were released, marketed as the ''Special Edition'' and ''Deluxe Collector's Edition'' respectively. They were released in the United Kingdom on November 7, 2005. A limited 5-disc ''Deluxe Limited Edition'' was also only released in the United Kingdom with only 10,000 copies manufactured. The fifth disc contains Cameron's documentary ''[[Ghosts of the Abyss]]'', which was distributed by [[Walt Disney Pictures]]. Unlike the individual release of ''Ghosts of the Abyss'', which contained two discs, only the first disc was included in the set.<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 2007, for the film's tenth anniversary, a ''10th Anniversary Edition'' was released on DVD, which consists of the first two discs from the three-disc 2005 set containing the movie and the special features on those discs.<ref>Rich, Jamie S. (December 26, 2007). [https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ "Titanic - 10th Anniversary Edition."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141427/https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/31834/titanic-10th-anniversary-edition/ |date=November 9, 2020 }} ''DVDTalk.com''. Retrieved December 3, 2020.</ref> ''Titanic'' was released by [[Paramount Home Entertainment]] on [[Blu-ray]] and [[Blu-ray 3D]] on September 10, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=video-sales|title=Titanic (1997) – Financial Information|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=video-sales|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D presentation is split over two discs and is also [[THX]]-certified. Special features on another disc included many of those featured on the 2005 ''Special Collector's Edition'' DVD along with two new documentaries titled "Reflections on Titanic" and "Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron".<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, and DVD Press Release - DVDizzy.com |url=https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |website=DVDizzy.com |access-date=August 23, 2022 |date=June 1, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823135907/https://www.dvdizzy.com/titanic-pressrelease-0914.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The latter aired on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] on April 9, 2012, and was executively produced by Cameron.<ref>{{cite web |title=National Geographic Channel's Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron Makes Ratings Splash Leading to 100th Anniversary of Titanic's Sinking |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |website=PR Newswire |access-date=August 23, 2022 |language=en |date=April 9, 2012 |archive-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823142657/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/national-geographic-channels-titanic-the-final-word-with-james-cameron-makes-ratings-splash-leading-to-100th-anniversary-of-titanics-sinking-146696065.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[4K resolution|4K]] release was released on December 5, 2023, on both digital and [[Ultra HD Blu-ray]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faulkner |first=Cameron |date=October 16, 2023 |title=The prettiest version of Titanic is coming on Dec. 5 |url=https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=Polygon |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111212/https://www.polygon.com/deals/23919518/titanic-4k-blu-ray-pre-order-buy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Anthony |date=October 17, 2023 |title=Titanic 4K Blu-ray Release Date Set, Limited Edition Box Set Announced |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=ComingSoon.net - Movie Trailers, TV & Streaming News, and More |language=en-US |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105111213/https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1370053-titanic-4k-blu-ray-release-date-set-limited-edition-box-set-announced |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Bill |date=March 4, 2023 |title=It's official: Paramount sets James Cameron's TITANIC (1997) for 4K Ultra HD & 4K Collector's Edition on 12/5! |url=https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |access-date=November 5, 2023 |website=thedigitalbits.com |language=en-gb |archive-date=November 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105112715/https://thedigitalbits.com/columns/my-two-cents/101723-0900 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Archer |first=John |date=November 15, 2023 |title=Disney Reveals Full Details Of 'Aliens', 'The Abyss', 'True Lies' And 'Titanic' 4K Blu-Ray Releases |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |access-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-date=November 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052037/https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnarcher/2023/11/15/disney-reveals-full-details-of-aliens-the-abyss-true-lies-and-titanic-4k-blu-ray-releases/?sh=26de93527eb9 |url-status=live }}</ref> After being on the [[Amazon Prime Video]] streaming service in the U.S. in April 2023, ''Titanic'' became available on [[Netflix]] in July 2023 shortly after the [[Titan submersible implosion]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies (April 2023) |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-and-movies-april-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hibberd |first=James |date=June 26, 2023 |title='Titanic' Returning to Netflix, Some Say Too Soon After Titan Sub Tragedy |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/titanic-returning-netflix-critics-titan-tragedy-1235523949/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became available on [[Paramount+]] in October 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richard |first=Nate |date=September 28, 2023 |title=What's New on Paramount+ in October 2023 |url=https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Collider |language=en |archive-date=January 26, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126012205/https://collider.com/new-on-paramount-plus-october-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |title=Watch Titanic Full Movie Online - Try for Free |language=en |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=www.paramountplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230042/https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/GjggIcNk2C1sYQ_JG6j5LoKa7hxsQOzw/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and on Prime Video for a period starting in April 2024 and April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video and Freevee Shows and Movies in April 2024 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-amazon-prime-video-shows-movies-april-2024/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Larryg |date=June 1, 2024 |title=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime: Expiring Titles June 2024 - July 2024 |url=https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Expiring Titles on Amazon Prime |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://expiringtitlesonamazonprime.blogspot.com/2024/06/expiring-titles-june-2024.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Amazon Prime Video Shows and Movies in April 2025 |url=https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=TVGuide.com |language=en |archive-date=April 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401164603/https://www.tvguide.com/news/new-on-amazon-prime-video/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was announced as coming to [[Hulu]] in February 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khosla |first=Proma |date=January 16, 2025 |title=Everything Coming to Hulu and Disney in February 2025 |url=https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118225103/https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/whats-coming-hulu-and-disney-february-2025-1235085826/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was available on the [[Free ad-supported streaming television|free ad-supported streaming]] service [[10Play|Pluto TV]] in June 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Pluto TV Adding 200-Plus Free Movies This Summer, Including Indiana Jones and Mission: Impossible Films, 'Titanic,' 'Forrest Gump' and More |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118230041/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/pluto-tv-free-streaming-movies-indiana-jones-mission-impossible-titanic-1235630197/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== Including revenue from the 2012, 2017 and 2023 reissues, ''Titanic'' earned $674.3&nbsp;million in North America and $1.590&nbsp;billion in other countries, for a worldwide total of $2.264&nbsp;billion.<ref name="BoxOfficeBOM">*Pre-2020 releases: {{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027003338/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt0120338/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |quote=Worldwide: $2,187,463,944; Original release: $1,843,221,532; 2012 3D Release: $343,550,770; 2017 Re-release: $691,642 }} * 2020 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (2020 Re-release) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |quote=2020 Re-release: $71,352 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=March 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305215849/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr2694926853/ |url-status=live }} * 2023 Re-release: {{cite web |title=Titanic (25 Year Anniversary) |website=Box Office Mojo |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |quote=2023 Re-release: $70,157,472 |access-date=February 20, 2023 |archive-date=February 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227203751/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr3800912389/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It became the [[highest-grossing film of all time worldwide]] in 1998, beating ''[[Jurassic Park]]'' (1993).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |title=It's a Titanic hit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822192638/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108108407/its-a-titanic-hit/ |date=February 25, 1998 |access-date=August 22, 2022 |archive-date=August 22, 2022 |page=37 |publisher=[[The Tampa Tribune]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The film remained so for twelve years, until ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'' (2009), also written and directed by Cameron, surpassed it in 2010.<ref name="newsday">{{cite news|title=Cameron does it again as 'Avatar' surpasses 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsday]]|date=February 3, 2010|access-date=October 26, 2010|url=http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|archive-date=October 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023000450/https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/movies/cameron-does-it-again-as-avatar-surpasses-titanic-1.1741190|url-status=live}}</ref> It would hold the record for being Paramount's highest-grossing film domestically until it was dethroned by ''[[Top Gun: Maverick]]'' (2022) twenty-five years later.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=August 27, 2022 |title='Top Gun: Maverick' Passes 'Titanic' as Seventh-Highest Grossing Release in Domestic Box Office History |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |access-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008131844/https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/top-gun-maverick-titanic-box-office-record-1235330544/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 1, 1998,<ref>{{cite book|author=Paula Parisi|title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-1-55704-364-1|year=1998|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|access-date=October 29, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125221531/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&q=march+1998+titanic+billion&pg=PA223|url-status=live}}</ref> it became the first film to earn more than $1&nbsp;billion worldwide<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic sinks competitors without a trace|work=BBC News|date=February 25, 1998|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-date=January 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111025643/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/59913.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, ''Titanic'' became the second film to cross the $2&nbsp;billion threshold during its 3D re-release.<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic becomes second ever film to take $2&nbsp;billion|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html|access-date=April 16, 2012|date=April 16, 2012|location=London|archive-date=April 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416223817/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/titanic-anniversary/9206367/Titanic-becomes-second-ever-film-to-take-2-billion.html}}</ref> [[Box Office Mojo]] estimates that ''Titanic'' is the [[List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States|fifth-highest-grossing film]] of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=June 16, 2018|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|title=All Time Box Office Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=April 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407023310/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/alltime/adjusted.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also estimates that the film sold over 128&nbsp;million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=May 31, 2016|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|title=Titanic (1997)|website=Box Office Mojo|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629115730/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=titanic.htm&adjust_yr=1&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which claims to have the largest movie-going audience in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|title=Why 'Titanic' Conquered the World; New Delhi|date=April 28, 1998|last=Burns|first=John F.|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-date=May 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521030224/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/26/movies/why-titanic-conquered-the-world-new-delhi.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report attributes this to its similarities and shared themes with most [[Bollywood]] films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|title=To Titanic, the most Bollywood Hollywood movie ever made|date=December 24, 2017|last=Sharma|first=Sanjukta|access-date=May 20, 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043734/https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/to-titanic-the-most-bollywood-hollywood-movie-ever-made/story-LkO22T5Pa5Hl2rh6MKFX2H.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ====Initial theatrical run==== ''Titanic'' received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of the weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 22, 1997 |title=Sunday punch for 'Titanic' |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/sunday-punch-for-titanic-111805657/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of ''[[Mouse Hunt]]'', ''[[Scream 2]]'' and ''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]''. It would go on to break ''[[The Godfather Part III]]''{{'}}s record for having the highest Christmas Day gross, generating a total of $9.2&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hindes |first=Andrew |date=December 27, 1997 |title=Ship-shape Christmas B.O. booms |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/1997/film/news/ship-shape-christmas-b-o-booms-111817463/ |access-date=February 6, 2026 }}</ref> For its second weekend, the film made $35.6&nbsp;million, making it the biggest December weekend gross, replacing ''Scream 2''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Jeff |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |title='Scream 2' losing its voice at box office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613024916/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102407881/scream-2-losing-its-voice-at-box/ |date=December 30, 1997 |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |page=8 |work=Associated Press Writer |publisher=[[Lebanon Daily News|The Daily News]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> By New Year's Day, ''Titanic'' had made over $120&nbsp;million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to sell out. In just 44 days, it became the fastest film to approach the $300&nbsp;million mark at the domestic box office, surpassing the former record held by ''Jurassic Park'', which took 67 days to do so.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |title=Titanic passes $300 million |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407171627/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98884224/titanic-passes-300-million/ |date=February 2, 1998 |access-date=April 7, 2022 |archive-date=April 7, 2022 |page=8 |publisher=[[North Adams Transcript]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' would hold this record until 1999 when it was taken by ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |title='Phantom Menace' pulls another fast one |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328165058/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98512306/phantom-menace-pulls-another-fast-one/ |date=June 20, 1999 |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |page=33 |publisher=[[Quad-City Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> Additionally, the film reached the $400&nbsp;million mark within 66 days, which was the fastest at the time, a record matched by ''[[Spider-Man (2002 film)|Spider-Man]]'' in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2002 |title='Spider-Man' Ties 'Titanic' $400 Million Record |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312204639/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/article/ed611582980/ |archive-date=March 12, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> Both films were surpassed in 2004 by ''[[Shrek 2]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernandez |first=Greg |date=July 3, 2004 |title='Shrek 2' setting box office marks |page=41 |work=The Los Angeles Daily News |publisher=[[Casper Star-Tribune]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328174500/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98515138/shrek-2-setting-box-office-marks/ |archive-date=March 28, 2022 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s highest-grossing day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Daily Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=daily&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124110513/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Weekend Box Office Results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120301/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3698624001/weekend/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 14, it surpassed ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'' as the highest-grossing film ever in North America.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 1998 |title='Titanic' Refuses to Sink, Passes 'Star Wars' as Top Moneymaker |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |access-date=January 17, 2023 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=January 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117190451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-16-me-29454-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film.<ref name="BOxofficemojo.com">{{cite web|title=BEST RANKING MOVIES by Weekend Rank, 1982–present|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/alltime/weekends/bestranked.htm?page=WKNDSCAT1&p=.htm|archive-date=November 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124115906/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_opening_holiday_weekends/|url-status=live}}</ref> By April 1998, the film's number one spot was overtaken by ''[[Lost in Space (film)|Lost in Space]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |title='Titanic' had lost its space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819132405/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107889012/titanic-had-lost-its-space/ |date=April 8, 1998 |access-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |page=44 |publisher=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> It stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998, with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188,<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Release Summary |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707114915/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=titanic.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|600.8|1997|r=1}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation/year|US}}{{Inflation-fn|US}}. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic (1997) – Overseas Total |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&country=00&id=titanic.htm |access-date=April 17, 2012 |archive-date=October 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120316/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4195045893/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Billion Dollar film club |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=August 1, 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |access-date=April 16, 2012 |location=London |archive-date=December 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043625/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/harry-potter/8674770/The-Billion-Dollar-film-club.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Commercial analysis==== Various film critics predicted ''Titanic'' would be a [[Box office bomb|major commercial failure]], especially since it was the most expensive film ever made at the time.<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /><ref name="Bbc.co.uk">{{cite news | first=Jason | last=Davis | title=Love story that won the heart of the Academy: The love story that stole the world's hearts | work=BBC News | access-date=September 11, 2007 | url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | date=March 24, 1998 | archive-date=December 1, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043739/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/oscars/69009.stm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="www.guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|first=David|last=Thomson|title=Titanic achievement at the box office|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=December 10, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|location=London|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043744/https://www.theguardian.com/film/filmblog/2007/dec/10/titanicachievementatthebox|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="www.dvdactive.com">{{cite web|first=Benjamin|last=Willcock|title=Benjamin Willcock takes a look at the long-awaited special edition of Titanic|publisher=dvdactive.com|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html|archive-date=October 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010114337/http://www.dvdactive.com/reviews/dvd/titanic-special-edition-2-disc.html}}</ref> When it was shown to the press in late 1997, "it was with massive forebodings", since the "people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great [[Albatross (metaphor)|albatross]] of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making".<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> Cameron also thought he was "headed for disaster" at one point during filming. "We labored the last six months on ''Titanic'' in the absolute knowledge that the studio would lose $100&nbsp;million. It was a certainty."<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> As the film neared release, "particular venom was spat at Cameron for what was seen as his hubris and monumental extravagance". A critic for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote that "Cameron's overweening pride has come close to capsizing this project" and that the film was "a hackneyed, completely derivative copy of old Hollywood romances".<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> {{Quote box | salign = center | width = 250px | align = right | quote = It's hard to forget the director on the stage of the [[Shrine Auditorium]] in LA, exultant, pumping a golden Oscar statuette into the air and shouting: "I'm the king of the world!" As everyone knew, that was the most famous line in ''Titanic'', exclaimed by Leonardo DiCaprio's character as he leaned into the wind on the prow of the doomed vessel. Cameron's incantation of the line was a giant "eff off", in front of a television audience approaching a billion, to all the naysayers, especially those sitting right in front of him. | source = —Christopher Goodwin of ''[[The Times]]'' on Cameron's response to ''Titanic''{{'s}} criticism<ref name="entertainment.timesonline.co.uk" /> }} ''Titanic'' was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened,<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million for each of its first 10 weekends,<ref name="www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Eric|last=Ditzian|title=Will 'Avatar' Top James Cameron's 'Titanic' Box-Office Record?|publisher=MTV|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043754/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=January 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109070153/http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1628991/story.jhtml}}</ref> and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million on weekdays.<ref name="www.guardian.co.uk" /> 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen ''Titanic'' twice by its fifth week.<ref name="busch19980306">{{cite magazine | url=https://ew.com/article/1998/03/06/leonardo-dicaprio-robbed-titanic-nomination/ | title=Was Leonardo Robbed? | magazine=Entertainment Weekly | date=March 6, 1998 | access-date=November 23, 2013 | author=Busch, Anita M. | archive-date=November 9, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109162757/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,282088,00.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Although young women who saw the film several times and subsequently caused "[[Leo-Mania]]" were often credited for taking it to its all-time box office record,<ref name="www.people.com">{{cite news|first=Anne-Marie|last=O'Neill|title=Riding the Wave|work=[[People (American magazine)|People]]|date=January 26, 1998|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20124329,00.html|archive-date=October 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018120500/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-riding-the-wave-vol-49-no-3/|url-status=live}}</ref> other reports have attributed the success to positive [[word of mouth]] and repeat viewership due to the love story combined with the ground-breaking special effects.<ref name="www.mtv.com" /><ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com">{{Cite Rotten Tomatoes|title=Titanic (1997)|id=titanic|type=m|access-date=March 20, 2024}}</ref> ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost of $487&nbsp;million, ''Titanic'' turned a net profit of $1.4&nbsp;billion, with a modern profit of as much as $4&nbsp;billion after ancillary sources.<ref name="THRprofit">{{cite web|access-date=April 26, 2020|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|title=What Is the Most Profitable Movie Ever?|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=January 18, 2020|author=Stephen Galloway|archive-date=November 16, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116040628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/what-is-profitable-movie-ever-1269879|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Titanic''{{'}}s impact on men has also been especially credited.<ref name="MSNBC">{{cite news|first=Ian|last=Hodder|title=Sniff, sniff{{nbsp}}... 7 movies that make guys cry|publisher=[[NBC News]]|date=March 6, 2007|access-date=January 8, 2010|url=http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|archive-date=April 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193835/http://www.today.com/id/17474383/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Finlo Rohrer">{{cite news|last=Rohrer|first=Finlo|title=A new type of tear-jerker|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|date=July 16, 2010|access-date=August 5, 2010|quote=Over the years misty eyes have been generated by the death of Bambi's mother, the killing of the kestrel in Kes, the ending of Titanic, or Jenny's death in Love Story.|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043822/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-10636511|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meslow">{{cite magazine|first=Scott|last=Meslow|title=Boys Can Love 'Titanic,' Too|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|date=April 6, 2012|access-date=October 22, 2015|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043825/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/04/boys-can-love-titanic-too/255532/|url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the films that make men cry,<ref name="MSNBC" /><ref name="Finlo Rohrer" /> with [[MSNBC]]'s Ian Hodder stating that men admire Jack's sense of adventure and his ambitious behavior to win over Rose, which contributes to their emotional attachment to Jack.<ref name="MSNBC" /> This was parodied in the 2009 film ''[[Zombieland]]'', where character Tallahassee ([[Woody Harrelson]]), when recalling the death of his young son, states: "I haven't cried like that since ''Titanic''."<ref name="Www.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Kurt|last=Loder|author-link=Kurt Loder|title=Woody Harrelson brings the laughs in a high-spirited monster mow-down.|website=[[MTV]]|date=October 2, 2009|access-date=December 6, 2010|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=December 1, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043828/http://www.mtv.com/news/1622859/zombieland-road-kill-by-kurt-loder/}}</ref> Scott Meslow of ''[[The Atlantic]]'' stated while ''Titanic'' initially seems to need no defense, given its success, it is considered a film "for 15-year-old girls" by its main detractors. He argued that dismissing ''Titanic'' as fodder for teenage girls fails to consider the film's accomplishment: "that [this] grandiose, 3+ hour historical romantic drama is a film for everyone—including teenage boys." Meslow stated that though the film is ranked high by males under the age of 18, matching the ratings for teenage boy-targeted films like ''[[Iron Man (2008 film)|Iron Man]]'', it is common for boys and men to deny liking ''Titanic''. He acknowledged his own rejection of the film as a child while secretly loving it. "It's this collection of elements—the history, the romance, the action—that made (and continues to make) ''Titanic'' an irresistible proposition for audiences of all ages across the globe," he stated. "''Titanic'' has flaws, but for all its legacy, it's better than its middlebrow reputation would have you believe. It's a great movie for 15-year-old girls, but that doesn't mean it's not a great movie for everyone else too."<ref name="Meslow"/> Quotes in the film aided its popularity. ''Titanic''{{'s}} catchphrase "I'm the king of the world!" became one of the film industry's more popular quotations.<ref name="WWW.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Movie Quotes|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716070844/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/quotes100.pdf?docID=242|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref><ref name="www.cnn.com">{{cite web|first=A|last=Pawlowski|title=You talkin' to me? Film quotes stir passion|website=[[CNN]]|date=March 9, 2009|access-date=January 21, 2010|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|archive-date=December 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201043908/http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Movies/03/09/film.quotes/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Richard Harris, a psychology professor at [[Kansas State University]], who studied why people like to cite films in social situations, using film quotations in everyday conversation is similar to telling a joke and a way to form solidarity with others. "People are doing it to feel good about themselves, to make others laugh, to make themselves laugh", he said.<ref name="www.cnn.com"/> Cameron explained the success as having significantly benefited from the experience of sharing. "When people have an experience that's very powerful in the movie theatre, they want to go share it. They want to grab their friend and bring them, so that they can enjoy it," he said. "They want to be the person to bring them the news that this is something worth having in their life. That's how ''Titanic'' worked."<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Carroll |title=CNN's Jason Carroll interviews director James Cameron about his new film "Avatar." (Video.) |website=[[CNN]] |date=November 23, 2009 |access-date=December 20, 2009 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128125635/http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/showbiz/2009/11/22/int.cameron.carroll.long.cnn.html |archive-date=November 28, 2009}}</ref> [[Media Awareness Network]] stated, "The normal repeat viewing rate for a blockbuster theatrical film is about 5%. The repeat rate for ''Titanic'' was over 20%."<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> The box office receipts "were even more impressive" when factoring in "the film's 3-hour-and-14-minute length meant that it could only be shown three times a day compared to a normal movie's four showings". In response to this, "[m]any theatres started midnight showings and were rewarded with full houses until almost 3:30&nbsp;am".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' held the record for box office gross for 12 years.<ref name="www.slate.com">{{cite web|first=Josh|last=Levin|title=Here Come the Cats With Human Boobs. Is Avatar destined to flop?|work=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]|date=December 10, 2009|access-date=December 20, 2009|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|archive-date=October 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003011526/http://www.slate.com/articles/arts/movies/2009/12/here_come_the_cats_with_human_boobs.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Cameron's follow-up film, ''[[Avatar (2009 film)|Avatar]]'', was considered the first film with a genuine chance at surpassing its worldwide gross,<ref name="www.marketwatch.com">{{cite web|first=Russ|last=Britt|title=Can Cameron break his own box-office record? 'Avatar' unprecedented in staying power, international sales|website=[[MarketWatch]]|date=January 4, 2010|access-date=January 4, 2010|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031113341/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/can-avatar-director-break-his-box-office-record-2010-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com">{{cite news|first=Brian|last=Jacks|title=EXCLUSIVE: James Cameron Says 'Avatar' Will Beat 'Titanic' To Become Biggest Of All Time|website=[[MTV]]|date=January 16, 2010|access-date=January 17, 2010|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|archive-date=January 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122224239/http://www.mtv.com/news/movies/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 23, 2026|archivedate=July 1, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701171118/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/01/16/james-cameron-weighs-in-on-whether-avatar-will-outsell-titanic/}}</ref> and did so in 2010.<ref name="newsday" /> [[Avatar (2009 film)#Commercial analysis|Various explanations]] for why ''Avatar'' was able to challenge ''Titanic'' were given. For one, "Two-thirds of ''Titanic''{{'s}} haul was earned overseas, and ''Avatar'' [tracked] similarly{{nbsp}}... ''Avatar'' opened in 106 markets globally and was no. 1 in all of them" and the markets "such as Russia, where ''Titanic'' saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than ever before.<ref name="www.newsweek.com">{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Ball|title=How 'Avatar' Can Beat 'Titanic'|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=January 9, 2010|url=http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|archive-date=January 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126184858/http://www.newsweek.com/how-avatar-can-beat-titanic-71031|url-status=live}}</ref> Brandon Gray, president of [[Box Office Mojo]], said that while ''Avatar'' may beat ''Titanic''{{'s}} revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass ''Titanic'' in attendance. "Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."<ref name="www.marketwatch.com" /> In December 2009, Cameron had stated, "I don't think it's realistic to try to topple ''Titanic'' off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years. ''Titanic'' just struck some kind of chord."<ref name="www.mtv.com" /> In a January 2010 interview, he gave a different take on the matter once ''Avatar''{{'s}} performance was easier to predict, saying "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time".<ref name="moviesblog.mtv.com" /> Author Alexandra Keller, when analyzing ''Titanic''{{'}}s success, stated that scholars could agree that its popularity "appears dependent on contemporary culture, on perceptions of history, on patterns of [[consumerism]] and [[globalization]], as well as on those elements experienced filmgoers conventionally expect of juggernaut film events in the 1990s&nbsp;– awesome screen spectacle, expansive action, and, more rarely seen, engaging characters and epic drama."<ref name="Keller">{{cite book|first=Alexandra|last=Keller|title=James Cameron|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=London, England|isbn=978-1-134-70021-9|year=2014|pages=73–76|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416105119/http://books.google.com/books?id=UGd9AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA73|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Critical response=== ====Initial==== ''Titanic'' garnered mostly positive reviews from film critics, and was positively reviewed by audiences and scholars, who commented on its cultural, historical, and political impacts.<ref name="Keller" /><ref name="Rosenstone">{{cite book|author=Robert A. Rosenstone|title=Lights, Camera, History: Portraying the Past in Film|publisher=[[Texas A&M University Press]]|isbn=978-1-60344-503-0|year=2007|pages=115–117|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416110345/http://books.google.com/books?id=nlVlcwhpNXsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kidder">{{cite book|author1=David S. Kidder|author2=Noah D. Oppenheim|title=The Intellectual Devotional Modern Culture: Revive Your Mind, Complete Your Education, and Converse Confidently with the Culturati|publisher=[[Rodale, Inc.]]|isbn=978-1-60529-793-4|year=2008|page=361|access-date=October 25, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|archive-date=April 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416125243/http://books.google.com/books?id=9KOHEPbBBbIC&pg=PA361|url-status=live}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], it has an approval rating of 88% based on 255 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A mostly unqualified triumph for James Cameron, who offers a dizzying blend of spectacular visuals and old-fashioned [[Melodrama (film genre)|melodrama]]."<ref name="www.rottentomatoes.com"/> [[Metacritic]], which assigned a weighted average score of 75 out of 100, based on 35 critics, reports the film has "generally favorable reviews".<ref>{{cite Metacritic |title=Titanic (1997) |id=titanic |type=movie |access-date=February 15, 2021}}</ref> Audiences polled by [[CinemaScore]] gave it a rare "A+" grade, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service from 1982 to 2011 to earn the score.<ref name="CinemaScore">{{Cite web |first=Pamela |last=McClintock |title=Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=August 19, 2011 |access-date=July 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719145918/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/why-cinemascore-matters-box-office-225563/ |archive-date=July 19, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> With regard to the overall design, [[Roger Ebert]] stated: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding{{nbsp}}... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well." He credited the "technical difficulties" with being "so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion" and "found [himself] convinced by both the story and the sad saga".<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|title=Titanic Movie Review & Film Summary (1997)|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|website=Ebert Digital LLC|date=December 19, 1997|access-date=December 7, 2006|author-link=Roger Ebert|archive-date=October 6, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006125018/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|url-status=live}}</ref> He named it his ninth-best film of 1997.<ref>{{cite episode|title=The Best Films of 1997|date=January 3, 1998|series=Siskel & Ebert|season=12|number=18}}</ref> The television program ''[[At the Movies (1986 TV program)|Siskel & Ebert]]'' gave ''Titanic'' "two thumbs up" and praised its accuracy in recreating the ship's sinking; Ebert described it as "a glorious Hollywood epic" and "well worth the wait," and [[Gene Siskel]] found Leonardo DiCaprio "captivating".<ref name="bventertainment.go.com">{{cite episode|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|title=Titanic (1997) Review|series=Siskel & Ebert|date=December 6, 1997|season=12|number=14|website=YouTube|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=June 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630074928/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3q_rNZVuOQ4|url-status=live}}</ref> [[James Berardinelli]] stated: "Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, ''Titanic'' is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch ''Titanic'', you experience it."<ref name="www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=A Film Review by James Berardinelli|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116091024/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/t/titanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was named his second best film of 1997.<ref name="Www.reelviews">{{cite web|first=James|last=Berardinelli|title=James Berardinelli Top 10 of 1997|publisher=ReelViews|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116093546/http://preview.reelviews.net/movies/SPECIAL/97list.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Joseph McBride of ''Boxoffice Magazine'' concluded: "To describe ''Titanic'' as the greatest disaster movie ever made is to sell it short. James Cameron's recreation of the 1912 sinking of the 'unsinkable' liner is one of the most magnificent pieces of serious popular entertainment ever to emanate from Hollywood."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> In a four out of five review, Jay Stone of ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' said, "The verdict: As big and glorious as the ship itself, unwieldy, unstoppable, packed with all the corny histrionics of the grand old Hollywood blockbusters and culminating in the most breathtaking maritime disaster since ''[[Waterworld]]''."<ref>{{cite news |last=Stone |first=Jay |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |title=A Titanic success |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260123165556/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen-titanic/97759015/ |date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=January 23, 2026 |archive-date=January 23, 2026 |page=63 |publisher=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> The romantic and emotionally charged aspects were equally praised. Andrew L. Urban of ''Urban Cinefile'' said: "You will walk out of ''Titanic'' not talking about budget or running time, but of its enormous emotive power, big as the engines of the ship itself, determined as its giant propellers to gouge into your heart, and as lasting as the love story that propels it."<ref name="WWW.rottentomatoes.com">{{cite web|first=Jeff|last=Giles|title=Total Recall: James Cameron Movies. We take a look at the career of the visionary director of Avatar|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|date=December 16, 2009|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|archive-date=December 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224104453/http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/avatar/news/1860969/total_recall_james_cameron_movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Owen Gleiberman]] of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' described the film as "a lush and terrifying spectacle of romantic doom. Writer-director James Cameron has restaged the defining catastrophe of the early 20th century on a human scale of such purified yearning and dread that he touches the deepest levels of popular moviemaking."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com">{{cite news|title=Titanic (1997) Critical Debates |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20000101/CRITICALDEBATE/40308080 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130311072339/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20000101%2FCRITICALDEBATE%2F40308080 |archive-date=March 11, 2013 }}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''The New York Times'' commented that "Cameron's magnificent ''Titanic'' is the first spectacle in decades that honestly invites comparison to ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone With the Wind]]''."<ref name="rogerebert.suntimes.com" /> Adrian Turner of ''[[Radio Times]]'' awarded it four stars out of five, stating "Cameron's script wouldn't have sustained [[Clark Gable]] and [[Vivien Leigh]] for 80 minutes, but, somehow, he and his magical cast revive that old-style studio gloss for three riveting hours. ''Titanic'' is a sumptuous assault on the emotions, with a final hour that fully captures the horror and the freezing, paralysing fear of the moment. And there are single shots, such as an awesome [[albatross]]-like swoop past the steaming ship, when you sense Cameron hugging himself with the fun of it all."<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | title=Titanic | work=Radio Times | first=Adrian | last=Turner | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054235/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-zxcmgb/titanic/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' suffered backlash in addition to its success. Some reviewers felt that while the visuals were spectacular, the story and dialogue were weak.<ref name="Kidder" /> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine wrote a mostly negative review, criticizing the lack of interesting emotional elements.<ref name="Corliss">{{cite magazine |last1=Corliss |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Corliss |title=Down, Down To A Watery Grave |url=https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424152330/https://time.com/3833825/titanic-movie-review/ |archive-date=April 24, 2015 |language=en |date=December 9, 1997}}</ref> [[Kenneth Turan]]'s review in the ''Los Angeles Times'' was particularly scathing. Dismissing the emotive elements, he stated, "What really brings on the tears is Cameron's insistence that writing this kind of movie is within his abilities. Not only is it not, it is not even close."<ref>{{cite news |last=Turan |first=Kenneth |title='Titanic' Sinks Again (Spectacularly) |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=December 19, 1997 |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |access-date=September 15, 2019 |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072503/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-19-ca-39-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He later argued that the only reason that the film won Oscars was because of its box office total.<ref>Lubin, pp. 8–9</ref> Barbara Shulgasser of ''[[The San Francisco Examiner]]'' gave ''Titanic'' one star out of four, citing a friend as saying, "The number of times in this unbelievably badly written script that the two [lead characters] refer to each other by name was an indication of just how dramatically the script lacked anything more interesting for the actors to say."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php |title=Talk about disasters |work=The San Francisco Examiner |last=Shulgasser |first=Barbara|date=December 19, 1997 |access-date=February 19, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019054324/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/TALK-ABOUT-DISASTERS-3084709.php|archive-date=October 19, 2013}}</ref> ====Retrospective==== According to Dalin Rowell of ''[[/Film]]'', "With complaints about its lengthy runtime, observations that certain characters could have easily fit onto pieces of floating furniture, and jokes about its melodramatic nature, ''Titanic'' is no stranger to modern-day criticism."<ref name="rowell">{{cite web | url=https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | title=Every James Cameron Film Ranked From Worst To Best | work=[[/Film]] | first=Dalin | last=Rowell | date=September 28, 2021 | access-date=November 20, 2021 | archive-date=October 27, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027075000/https://www.slashfilm.com/617886/every-james-cameron-film-ranked-from-worst-to-best/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, filmmaker [[Robert Altman]] called it "the most dreadful piece of work I've ever seen in my entire life".<ref>{{cite news|last=Friedman|first=Roger|title=Altman: Titanic Worst Movie Ever|publisher=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=March 23, 2002|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|access-date=December 2, 2008|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219072506/https://www.foxnews.com/story/altman-titanic-worst-movie-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, [[French New Wave]] director and former ''[[Cahiers du Cinéma]]'' editor [[Jacques Rivette]] referred to it as "garbage" in a 1998 interview with [[Frédéric Bonnaud]] and was particularly critical of Winslet's performance, who he said was "unwatchable, the most slovenly girl to appear on the screen in a long, long time."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bonnaud |first1=Frédéric |title=The Captive Lover – An Interview with Jacques Rivette |url=https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |website=Senses of Cinema |date=October 28, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-date=August 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818042449/https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2001/jacques-rivette/rivette-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2003, ''Titanic'' topped a poll of "Best Film Endings",<ref>{{cite news | title = Titanic voted 'best' film ending | work = BBC News | date = October 15, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070317035318/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3194176.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> but it also topped a poll by ''[[Film 2003]]'' as "the worst movie of all time".<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sinks in worst film poll | work = BBC News | date = November 5, 2003 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | access-date = June 15, 2007 | archive-date = March 2, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302082215/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3242607.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> In his 2012 study of the lives of the passengers on the ''Titanic'', historian [[Richard Davenport-Hines]] said, "Cameron's film diabolized rich Americans and educated English, anathematizing their emotional restraint, good tailoring, punctilious manners and grammatical training, while it made [[romantic hero]]es of the poor Irish and the unlettered."<ref>{{cite book|last=Davenport-Hines|first=Richard|title=Titanic Lives: Migrants and Millionaires, Conmen and Crew|year=2012|publisher=HarperCollins|location=UK}}</ref> The British film magazine ''[[Empire (film magazine)|Empire]]'' reduced their rating from the maximum five stars and an enthusiastic review, to four stars with a less positive review in a later edition, to accommodate its readers' tastes, who wanted to disassociate themselves from the hype, and the reported activities of its fans, such as those attending multiple screenings.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5204/mcj.2423 |doi-access=free |last=Stephenson |first=John-Paul |date=October 2005 |title=Reviewing Symbolic Capital |journal=M/C Journal |volume=8 |issue=5 |url=http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |access-date=September 11, 2009 |archive-date=October 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007172335/http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0510/06-stephenson.php |url-status=live | issn = 1441-2616 }}</ref> In addition to this, positive and negative parodies and other such spoofs abounded and circulated on the internet, often inspiring passionate responses from fans of various opinions.<ref>{{cite news | title = Clash of the Titanic | url = http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | access-date = October 14, 2007 | archive-date = October 17, 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017020427/http://www.ericdsnider.com/snide/clash-of-the-titanic | url-status = live }}</ref> Benjamin Willcock of DVDActive.com did not understand the backlash or the passionate hatred. "What really irks me{{nbsp}}...," he said, "are those who make nasty stabs at those who do love it." Willcock stated, "I obviously don't have anything against those who dislike ''Titanic'', but those few who make you feel small and pathetic for doing so (and they do exist, trust me) are way beyond my understanding and sympathy."<ref name="www.dvdactive.com" /> In 1998, Cameron responded to the backlash, and Kenneth Turan's review in particular, by writing "''Titanic'' is not a film that is sucking people in with flashy hype and spitting them out onto the street feeling let down and ripped off. They are returning again and again to repeat an experience that is taking a 3-hour and 14-minute chunk out of their lives, and dragging others with them, so they can share the emotion." Cameron emphasized that people from all ages (ranging from 8 to 80) and from all backgrounds were "celebrating their own essential humanity" by seeing it. He described the script as earnest and straightforward, and said it intentionally "incorporates universals of human experience and emotion that are timeless – and familiar because they reflect our basic emotional fabric" and that the film was able to succeed in this way by dealing with [[archetype]]s. He did not see it as pandering. "Turan mistakes archetype for cliché," he said. "I don't share his view that the best scripts are only the ones that explore the perimeter of human experience, or flashily pirouette their witty and cynical dialogue for our admiration."<ref name="Los Angeles Times">{{cite news|title=He's Mad as Hell at Turan. James Cameron Gets the Last Word on Our Critic's 'Titanic'|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=March 28, 1998|access-date=February 22, 2010|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-28-ca-33428-story.html|archive-date=March 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326202354/http://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/28/entertainment/ca-33428|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2000, Almar Haflidason of the [[BBC]] wrote that "the critical knives were out long before James Cameron's ''Titanic'' was complete. Spiralling costs that led to it becoming the most expensive motion picture of the 20th Century, and a cast without any big stars seemed to doom the film before release. But box office and audience appreciation proved Cameron right and many critics wrong." He added that "the sinking of the great ship is no secret, yet for many exceeded expectations in sheer scale and tragedy" and that "when you consider that [the film] tops a bum-numbing three-hour running time, then you have a truly impressive feat of entertainment achieved by Cameron".<ref>{{cite web|title=Titanic (1997)|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|publisher=BBC|last=Haflidason|first=Almar|date=August 2007|access-date=December 26, 2008|archive-date=January 2, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102212402/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2000/12/19/titanic_1997_review.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Empire'' eventually reinstated its original five-star rating, writing: "It should be no surprise then that it became fashionable to bash James Cameron's ''Titanic'' at approximately the same time it became clear that this was the planet's favourite film. Ever."<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Adam|title=Review of Titanic|date=January 2000 |url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|publisher=Bauer Consumer Media|access-date=September 15, 2019|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219074005/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/reviews/empire-essay-titanic-review/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, on the 20th anniversary of its release, ''Titanic'' was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".<ref name="NFR">{{Cite news |title=2017 National Film Registry Is More Than a 'Field of Dreams' |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213180919/https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-178/ |archive-date=December 13, 2017 |access-date=December 13, 2017 |work=The Library of Congress |language=en}}</ref> The same year, Cameron reviewed the accuracy of the film for the [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]] program ''Titanic: 20 Years Later with James Cameron''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron |url=https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=www.disneyplus.com |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118232440/https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/titanic-20-years-later-with-james-cameron/133QEwnfPqw5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=9 things we learned from 'Titanic: 20 Years Later With James Cameron' |url=https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=May 2, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502115219/https://ew.com/tv/2017/11/26/titanic-20-years-later-james-cameron-what-we-learned/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The climax has sparked many debates about whether both Jack and Rose should have been able to fit on the floating door and survive, becoming among the most talked about aspects of the film.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=July 16, 2019 |title=A Timeline of the 'Could Jack Have Fit on the Titanic Door' Debate |url=https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |magazine=TIME |language=en |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://time.com/5627345/titanic-door-scene-debate/ |url-status=live}}</ref> At the film's 20th anniversary, Cameron stated that it was "kind of silly, really, that we're having this discussion 20 years later".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Keegan |first=Rebecca |date=November 26, 2017 |title=James Cameron on Titanic's Legacy, the Avatar Sequels' Progress, and the Impact of a Fox Studio Sale |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |access-date=January 18, 2025 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US |archive-date=November 27, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171127161946/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-20th-anniversary-avatar-terminator-fox-studios-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 he conducted a study for the film's 25th anniversary that aired as part of an updated National Geographic retrospective, which suggested it was possible but unlikely and depended on numerous variables,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch James Cameron recreate 'Titanic' floating door scene to see if Jack fit with Rose |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323041635/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-recreates-titanic-floating-door-scene-jack-fit-with-rose/ |archive-date=March 23, 2024 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jXHFEy-ibc |title=Titanic: 25 Years Later with James Cameron (Full Episode) {{!}} SPECIAL |date=March 5, 2023 |last=National Geographic |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref> after a previous test had been conducted in 2012 by [[MythBusters|''MythBusters''.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Cameron conducted forensic analysis to prove Jack's 'Titanic' death: 'He needed to die' |url=https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |access-date=January 18, 2025 |website=EW.com |language=en |archive-date=December 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225004615/https://ew.com/movies/james-cameron-titanic-jack-death-forensic-analysis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |title=Titanic Survival Results {{!}} MythBusters |date=October 16, 2012 |last=Discovery |access-date=January 18, 2025 |via=YouTube |archive-date=January 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128010818/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVgkvaDHmto |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Titanic'' was listed among the 100 best films in an ''Empire'' poll and in a later poll of members of the film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|title=The 100 Greatest Movies|date=March 20, 2018|website=Empire|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013202030/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/best-movies/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|title=Vertigo – Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=June 25, 2014|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=April 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425060530/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/100-best-films-ever-hollywood-favorites-818512/item/vertigo-hollywoods-100-favorite-films-818447|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2021, Dalin Rowell of ''/Film'' ranked it the third-best film of Cameron's career, stating that it is "easily one of his best films, simply because it defied the odds", and considering it "a legitimately remarkable achievement — one that, despite its large budget, has a humble, earnest center. Even with all of the jokes the Internet loves to throw its way, ''Titanic'' demonstrates that Cameron is truly capable of everything he can imagine."<ref name="rowell" /> In 2024, ''[[Looper (website)|Looper]]'' ranked it number 44 on its list of the "50 Best PG-13 Movies of All Time", writing {{blockquote|Cameron's immersive visuals, achieved using groundbreaking special effects, transport viewers back in time to the opulence of the Titanic and the heart-wrenching chaos of its final hours. The sheer grandness of the film, combined with its tragic tale, pushed the boundaries of storytelling and visual effects, paving the way for future blockbusters.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | title=50 Best PG-13 Movies Of All Time Ranked | website=Looper | date=October 3, 2024 | access-date=October 8, 2024 | archive-date=December 19, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219204536/https://www.looper.com/806086/best-pg-13-movies-of-all-time-ranked/ | url-status=live }}</ref>}} In 1998, the Chinese president [[Jiang Zemin]] praised the film during an address to the [[National People's Congress]] in order to demonstrate his endorsement of Western cultural imports.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tu |first=Hang |title=Sentimental Republic: Chinese Intellectuals and the Maoist Past |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |year=2025 |isbn=9780674297579 |pages=242}}</ref> In 2025, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' listed ''Titanic'' as having the best stunts of 1997.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Thomas |date=June 7, 2025 |title=The Best Stunts of All Time, Over Nearly 100 Years of the Oscars |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720043450/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/best-stunts-all-time-movies-oscars-stunt-design-100-years/ |archive-date=July 20, 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> ==Accolades== {{main|List of accolades received by Titanic|l1 = List of accolades received by ''Titanic''}} At the [[55th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globes]], ''Titanic'' won [[Best Motion Picture – Drama]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]], and [[Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref>{{cite news | title = ''Titanic'' sweeps Golden Globes | work = BBC News | date = January 19, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = December 1, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044101/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/48591.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> Winslet and Stuart were also nominated.<ref>{{cite news | title = Nominations for the 55th Golden Globe Awards | publisher = BBC | date = January 17, 1998 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/47182.stm | access-date = February 19, 2007 | archive-date = November 9, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/47182.stm | url-status = live }}</ref> At the [[70th Academy Awards]], ''Titanic'' garnered fourteen [[Academy Award]] nominations, tying the record set in 1950 by [[Joseph L. Mankiewicz]]'s ''[[All About Eve]]''<ref>{{cite news | title = Can Anything Stop the Raising of Titanic on March 23? | work = The New York Observer | date=February 22, 1998 | url = http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080725153001/http://www.observer.com/node/40199 | archive-date = July 25, 2008| access-date=December 1, 2010}}</ref> and won eleven: [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]] (the second film about the ''Titanic'' to win that award, after 1933's ''[[Cavalcade (1933 film)|Cavalcade]]''), [[Academy Award for Best Director|Best Director]], [[Best Art Direction]], [[Academy Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]], [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Visual Effects]], [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]], [[Academy Award for Best Sound|Best Sound]] ([[Gary Rydstrom]], [[Tom Johnson (sound engineer)|Tom Johnson]], [[Gary Summers]], [[Mark Ulano]]), [[Best Sound Effects Editing]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Dramatic Score]], [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Original Song]].<ref name="Oscars1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |title=The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners |access-date=November 19, 2011 |publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |archive-date=October 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141001073921/https://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/legacy/ceremony/70th-winners.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Winslet, Stuart and the make-up artists were nominated, but lost to [[Helen Hunt]] in ''[[As Good as It Gets]]'', [[Kim Basinger]] in ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' and ''[[Men in Black (1997 film)|Men in Black]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |title='Titanic' ties Oscar record with 11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173143/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108612896/titanic-ties-oscar-record-with-11/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |publisher=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Garner |first=Chris |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |title=A 'Titanic' winner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506152141/https://www.newspapers.com/article/iowa-city-press-citizen-a-titanic-winn/109932077/ |date=March 24, 1998 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |archive-date=May 6, 2023 |page=17 |work=Gannett News Service |publisher=[[Iowa City Press-Citizen]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> ''Titanic'' was the second film to receive eleven Academy Awards, after ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]] (1959).''<ref>{{cite web|title='Titanic' vs. 'Ben-Hur'|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=March 27, 1998|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308064304/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/27/opinion/l-titanic-vs-ben-hur-218022.html|archive-date=March 8, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=March 8, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]'' matched the record in 2004.<ref>{{cite news |last=Germain |first=David |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |title='Rings' ties record with its 11 Oscars |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903173100/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108613871/rings-ties-record-with-its-11-oscars/ |date=March 1, 2004 |access-date=September 3, 2022 |archive-date=September 3, 2022 |page=2 |work=The Associated Press |publisher=[[Corpus Christi Caller-Times]] |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |url-status=live}} {{Open access}}</ref> In 2017, ''[[La La Land]]'' would tie the record for having the most Academy Award nominations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lang |first=Brent |date=January 14, 2017 |title=Oscars: 'La La Land' Scores Record 14 Nominations |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |access-date=August 28, 2022 |archive-date=August 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829135017/https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/oscar-nominations-main-story-academy-awards-1201968118/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The number of nominations would be surpassed by ''[[Sinners (2025 film)|Sinners]]'' in 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2026/01/sinners-oscars-record-16-nominations/|title=Sinners Makes Oscars History with 16 Nominations, Beating an 86-Year-Old Record}}</ref> ''Titanic'' won the [[70th Academy Awards|1997]] [[Academy Award for Best Original Song]], as well as four [[Grammy Award]]s for [[Record of the Year]], [[Song of the Year]], [[Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media|Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television]], and [[Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]].<ref name="www.grammy.org">{{cite web|title=Past Winners Search – 1998 – 41st Annual Grammy Awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 10, 2014|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?year=1998|archive-date=November 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125060943/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=41st Annual GRAMMY Awards|url=http://www.grammy.com/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards|publisher=The Recording Academy|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109141332/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/awards/41st-annual-grammy-awards-1998|url-status=live}}</ref> The soundtrack became the best-selling primarily orchestral soundtrack of all time, spending sixteen weeks at number-one in the United States, and was certified diamond for over eleven million copies sold in the United States alone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626051113/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |title=Gold & Platinum – July&nbsp;28, 2009 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America |access-date=July 28, 2009}}</ref> It was also the best-selling album of 1998 in the US.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208083930/http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/1998/the-billboard-200 |archive-date=February 8, 2008 |magazine=Billboard |title=The Billboard 200: 1998}}</ref> "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" won the [[Grammy Award]]s for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television. ''Titanic'' also won various awards outside the United States, including the [[Awards of the Japanese Academy]] as the Best Foreign Film of the Year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|title=Awards of the Japanese Academy 1998|access-date=April 10, 2021|publisher=[[MUBI]]|archive-date=April 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411013124/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/ajas?year=1998|url-status=live}}</ref> It eventually won nearly ninety awards and had an additional forty-seven nominations from various award-giving bodies around the world. The book about the making of the film was at the top of ''The New York Times''{{'}} bestseller list for several weeks, "the first time that such a tie-in book had achieved this status".<ref name="www.media-awareness.ca" /> ''Titanic'' has appeared on the [[American Film Institute]]'s award-winning [[AFI 100 Years... series|100 Years{{nbsp}}... series]] six times. {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#e0e0e0;" ! | AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 ! | Rank ! | Source ! | Notes |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills|Thrills]] ! 25 !<ref name="www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Thrills|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119133158/http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 thrilling films in American cinema, compiled in 2001. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions|Passions]] ! 37 !<ref name="Www.afi.com">{{cite web| title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Passions|publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072352/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/passions100.pdf?docID=248|archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> | A list of the top 100 love stories in American cinema, compiled in 2002. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs|Songs]] ! 14 !<ref name="WWw.afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years{{nbsp}}... 100 Songs |publisher=American Film Institute |access-date=January 19, 2010 |url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072059/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/songs100.pdf?docID=244 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 }}</ref> | A list of the top 100 songs in American cinema, compiled in 2004. ''Titanic'' ranked 14th for Céline Dion's "My Heart Will Go On". |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[Movie quotes]] ! 100 !<ref name="WWW.afi.com" /> | A list of the top 100 film quotations in American cinema, compiled in 2005. ''Titanic'' ranked 100th for Jack Dawson's yell of "''I'm the king of the world!''" |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)|Movies]] ! 83 !<ref name="WWW.Afi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's official PDF of the 1998 and 2007 rankings (registration required) |publisher=American Film Institute|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721205639/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/100Movies.pdf?docID=301|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref> | A 2007 (10th anniversary) edition of 1997's list of the 100 best films of the past century. ''Titanic'' was not eligible when the original list was released. |- style="background:#f9f9f9;" ! [[AFI's 10 Top 10]] ! 6 !<ref name="WWW.AFi.com">{{cite web|title=AFI's Top Ten Epic|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|access-date=January 19, 2010|url=http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716071851/http://connect.afi.com/site/DocServer/TOP10.pdf?docID=441 |archive-date= July 16, 2011}}</ref> | The 2008 poll consisted of the top ten films in ten different genres. ''Titanic'' ranked as the sixth-best epic film. |} ==Legacy and re-releases== ===3D conversion<span class="anchor" id="3D re-release"></span>=== A 2012 3D re-release was created by [[Master recording|re-mastering]] the original to 4K resolution and [[2D to 3D conversion|post-converting]] to [[stereoscopic]] [[3D film|3D]] format. The ''Titanic'' 3D version took 60 weeks and $18&nbsp;million to produce, including the 4K restoration.<ref>{{cite news|title=Coming in 60 weeks: 'Titanic' in 3D version|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|access-date=March 27, 2012|newspaper=The Times of India|date=October 30, 2011|archive-date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508062013/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Coming-in-60-weeks-Titanic-in-3D-version/articleshow/10537468.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion was performed by Stereo D.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | work=The New York Times | title=Inside the 3-D Conversion of 'Titanic' | date=March 30, 2012 | access-date=February 20, 2017 | archive-date=August 6, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806140243/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/29/movies/titanic-3d-conversion.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Digital 2D and 2D [[IMAX]] versions were also struck from the new [[4K resolution|4K]] [[Master recording|master]] created in the process.<ref>{{cite web |last=Douglas |first=Edward |date=October 12, 2011 |title=A Preview of James Cameron's Titanic 3D Rerelease |publisher=[[ComingSoon.net]] ([[CraveOnline]]) |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |access-date=November 18, 2011 |archive-date=November 20, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120090226/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=83123 |url-status=live }}</ref> The only scene entirely redone for the re-release was Rose's view of the night sky at sea on the morning of April 15, 1912. The scene was replaced with an accurate view of the night-sky star pattern, including the [[Milky Way]], adjusted for the location in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. The change was prompted by the astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]], who had criticized the unrealistic star pattern. He agreed to send Cameron a corrected view of the sky, which was the basis of the new scene.<ref name="DN">{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Ian |date=April 2, 2012 |title='Titanic' Accuracy Tightened by Neil deGrassee Tyson |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |access-date=December 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430034527/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm |archive-date=April 30, 2014 |accessdate=April 23, 2026 |archivedate=March 15, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315003421/http://news.discovery.com/space/astronomy/neil-degrasse-tyson-tightens-titanic-accuracy-120402.htm }}</ref> [[Image:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|left|thumb|An accurate view of the [[Milky Way]] was used to replace Rose's view of the moonless night sky at sea, as in this photo from [[Paranal Observatory]]. The view was adjusted to match the North Atlantic at 4:20&nbsp;am on April 15, 1912.]] The 3D version of ''Titanic'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London on March 27, 2012, with James Cameron and Kate Winslet in attendance,<ref>{{cite news|title=Titanic: Kate Winslet and James Cameron at 3D premiere|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=BBC News|date=March 28, 2012|archive-date=April 10, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410160125/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-17526845|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kate Winslet, James Cameron at Titanic 3D premiere|url=https://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|access-date=February 11, 2014|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|date=March 27, 2012|archive-date=March 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302012851/http://news.yahoo.com/kate-winslet-james-cameron-titanic-3d-premiere-183110163.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and entered general release on April 4, 2012, six days before the centenary of ''Titanic'' embarking on her maiden voyage.<ref name="official site">{{cite web|title=Titanic Official Movie Site|publisher=Paramount Pictures|access-date=February 7, 2012|url=http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210233040/http://www.titanicmovie.com/|archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name="April 4">{{cite magazine |last=Semigran |first=Aly |date=February 8, 2012 |title='Titanic' in 3-D gets earlier release date |url=https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219050025/https://ew.com/article/2012/02/08/titanic-3d-release-date/ |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=December 18, 2019 |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721133852/http://www.paramount.com/news/press-releases/paramount-pictures-twentieth-century-fox-and-lightstorm-entertainment-to-set-sail-again-with-james-c|archive-date=July 21, 2011|title=Paramount Pictures, Twentieth Century Fox and Lightstorm Entertainment to Set Sail Again with James Cameron's Oscar-Winning "Titanic" with a Worldwide 3D Re-release on April 6, 2012|publisher=Paramount Pictures|date=May 19, 2011|access-date=May 19, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' film critic [[Peter Travers]] rated the reissue {{frac|3|1|2}} stars out of 4, explaining he found it "pretty damn dazzling". He said, "The 3D intensifies ''Titanic''. You are there. Caught up like never before in an intimate epic that earns its place in the movie time capsule."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Travers|first=Peter|title=Movie Reviews – Titanic 3D|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 5, 2012|archive-date=February 14, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214073515/https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/titanic-3d-20120405|url-status=live}}</ref> Writing for ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'', [[Owen Gleiberman]] gave the film an A grade. He wrote, "For once, the visuals in a 3-D movie don't look darkened or distracting. They look sensationally crisp and alive."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Gleiberman|first=Owen|title=Titanic 3D Review|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d/|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414203210/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/12/titanic-3d|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Richard Corliss]] of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', who was very critical in 1997, remained in the same mood: "I had pretty much the same reaction: fitfully awed, mostly water-logged." In regards to the 3D effects, he noted the "careful conversion to 3D lends volume and impact to certain moments{{nbsp}}... [but] in separating the foreground and background of each scene, the converters have carved the visual field into discrete, not organic, levels."<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Corliss|first=Richard|title=Titanic, TIME and Me|url=https://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102191147/http://entertainment.time.com/2012/04/04/titanic-time-and-me/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ann Hornaday for ''[[The Washington Post]]'' found herself asking "whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't." She added that the "3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition."<ref>{{cite news|last=Hornaday|first=Ann|title='Titanic 3-D' review |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/titanic-3d-movie-review/2012/04/05/gIQAfaezxS_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=April 6, 2012|date=April 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305202515/http://www.washingtonpost.com/gog/movies/titanic-3d,1208575.html|archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref> The film grossed an estimated $4.7&nbsp;million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3&nbsp;million over the weekend, finishing in third place behind ''[[The Hunger Games (film)|The Hunger Games]]'' and ''[[American Reunion]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Young|first=John|title='Titanic 3D' leaves port with $4.4&nbsp;million on Wednesday, so was the 3-D conversion worth it?|date=April 5, 2012|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url=https://ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening/|access-date=April 8, 2012|archive-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022092534/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/04/05/titanic-3d-box-office-opening|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|title=Weekend Report: 'Hunger Games' Three-peats, Passes $300 Million Over Easter|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 8, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419040021/http://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3412&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Outside North America it earned $35.2&nbsp;million, finishing second,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Can't Stop 'Wrath'|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025947/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3414&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> and it improved on its performance the following weekend by topping the box office with $98.9&nbsp;million.<ref name="second_weekend">{{cite web|title=Around-the-World Roundup: 'Titanic 3D' Opens to Record-Setting $67 Million in China|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|access-date=April 15, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|date=April 16, 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419012124/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3421&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> China has proven to be its most successful territory, where it earned $11.6&nbsp;million on its opening day,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|title='Titanic 3D' Has Huge Opening Day in China|first=Ray|last=Subers|date=April 10, 2012|website=[[Box Office Mojo]]|access-date=April 17, 2012|archive-date=April 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414025953/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/?id=3416&p=.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> going on to earn a record-breaking $67&nbsp;million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run.<ref name="second_weekend" /> The reissue earned $343.4&nbsp;million worldwide, with $145&nbsp;million coming from China and $57.8&nbsp;million from Canada and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanic 3D (2012) – International Box Office results |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |access-date=May 23, 2012 |archive-date=November 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109084054/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=intl&id=titanic3d.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> With a worldwide box office of nearly $350&nbsp;million, the 3D re-release of ''Titanic'' remains the highest grossing re-released film of all time, ahead of ''[[The Lion King]]'', ''[[Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', and ''Avatar''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|title=Titanic 2012 3D Release|website=Box Office Mojo|access-date=April 16, 2020|archive-date=April 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411132731/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/releasegroup/gr4211823109/|url-status=live}}</ref> The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the [[4DX]] format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to experience the film's environment using motion, wind, fog, lighting, and scent-based special effects.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gilchrist|first=Todd|title='Titanic' Fans Get to Go Down with the Ship in '4DX' – The Hollywood Reporter|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=The Hollywood Reporter|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=August 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802090101/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/titanic-3d-4dx-hunger-games-james-cameron-308391|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Keegan|first=Rebecca|title='Titanic 4DX': Foreign audiences to smell, feel ship's sinking.|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=April 4, 2012|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119075408/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/titanic-4dx-foreign-audiences-to-experience-sinking-in-five-senses.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=TITANIC to be Re-released in 4DX™|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|access-date=October 28, 2013|agency=PR Newswire|date=April 3, 2012|archive-date=October 29, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195706/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/titanic-to-be-re-released-in-4dx-145899195.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ===20th anniversary=== For the 20th anniversary of the film, ''Titanic'' was re-released in cinemas in [[Dolby Vision]] (in both 2D and 3D) for one week beginning December 1, 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Greg|title=James Cameron's 'Titanic' Floats Again in 2D & 3D December Rerelease|url=https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|access-date=November 18, 2017|date=November 15, 2017|archive-date=November 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115220452/https://deadline.com/2017/11/james-cameron-titanic-rerelease-2d-3d-dolby-1202208882/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===25th anniversary=== ''Titanic'' was re-released in theaters by Paramount domestically and [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] (through the [[20th Century Studios]] and [[Buena Vista International]] labels) internationally on February 10, 2023, in a remastered 3D [[4K resolution|4K HDR]] render, with [[high frame rate]], as part of the film's 25th anniversary. For this version, the international prints update 20th Century's logo with the studio's current name, as a result of [[Disney]]'s [[Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney|2019 acquisition of the studio]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|url=https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|title='Titanic': Remastered Version Set For Theatrical Release In Time For Valentine's Day 2023|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=June 22, 2022|access-date=June 23, 2022|archive-date=June 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623002938/https://deadline.com/2022/06/titanic-rerelease-date-remastered-version-james-cameron-1235050212/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===''Titanic Live''=== ''Titanic Live'' was a live performance of Horner's original score by a 130-piece orchestra, choir and Celtic musicians, accompanying a showing of the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|title=Titanic Live – The Event|website=Titanic Live|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=December 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218210146/http://www.titanic-live.com/titanic-live-the-event/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2023}} In April 2015, ''Titanic Live'' premiered at the [[Royal Albert Hall]], London, where the 2012 3D re-release had premiered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|title=Titanic Live sets sail for the Royal Albert Hall|last1=Palmer|first1=Jason|date=July 12, 2016|website=Entertainment Focus|access-date=December 22, 2016|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116064843/https://www.entertainment-focus.com/film-section/film-news/titanic-live-sets-sail-for-the-royal-albert-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Representation in other media== * In 1998, an official tie-in [[computer game]] was released, titled ''James Cameron's Titanic Explorer''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|author=Lisa Schwarzbaum|work=GeekyHobbies|date=December 11, 1998|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://ew.com/article/1998/12/11/james-camerons-titanic-explorer/|url-status=live}}</ref> The educational game covered the history of the vessel's construction, maiden voyage and sinking, as well as the discovery and exploration of the wreck. The game included deleted footage from the film and extensive [[360-degree video]] footage of the film's sets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|title=James Cameron's Titanic Explorer|work=The New York Times|date=April 8, 1999|access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501075255/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/99/04/circuits/articles/08libe-came.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * In 2020, a [[board game]] based on the film, titled ''Titanic: The Game'', was released by Spin Master Games.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|title=Titanic (2020) Board Game|author=Eric Mortensen|work=GeekyHobbies|date=May 3, 2021|access-date=August 7, 2021|archive-date=August 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210807203234/https://www.geekyhobbies.com/titanic-2020-board-game-review-and-rules/|url-status=live}}</ref> * Scenes from ''Titanic'' have been the basis for multiple [[Internet meme]]s, including one called "It's been 84 years", which features a screenshot or [[GIF]] of a [[close-up]] of modern-day, elderly Rose and is used to "express impatience with the pace of things".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holtermann |first1=Callie |title=The Unsinkable Memes of ''Titanic'' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 19, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122222211/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/19/style/titanic-memes-1997-anniversary.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Leopold |first1=Jason |title=Why It Feels Like "84 Years" When Agencies Respond to FOIA Requests |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-07-26/foia-docs-reveal-long-awaited-details-on-michael-flynn-mike-pompeo-guantanamo |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |access-date=November 6, 2024 |date=July 26, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Zwerneman |first1=Brent |title=25 years since last football title, Aggies look to another new coach for return to prominence |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |access-date=November 6, 2024 |work=[[Houston Chronicle]] |date=December 5, 2023 |quote=An Internet meme has made the rounds this fall among Texas A&M fans (and others) of the elderly Rose in the movie 'Titanic' recalling to relative youngsters hanging on her every word, 'It's been 84 years ...'. |archive-date=August 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811092748/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/texas-sports-nation/college/article/texas-aggies-last-conference-title-1998-big-12-18535244.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Butler |first1=Bethonie |title=After 20 years, these 8 ''Titanic'' moments still won't die. Unlike Jack. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/after-20-years-these-8-titanic-moments-still-wont-die-unlike-jack/2017/11/20/57855ec8-ca16-11e7-b0cf-7689a9f2d84e_story.html |access-date=November 6, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=November 21, 2017}}</ref> * In 2017, a [[parody]] [[jukebox musical]] based on the film called "[[Titanique]]" premiered in Los Angeles, written by [[Marla Mindelle]], Tye Blue and Constantine Rousouli, and featured the songs of [[Celine Dion]] (who sang the [[My Heart Will Go On|film's theme song]]). The musical later transferred [[Off-Broadway]] in 2018 and later transferred to [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] in 2026. A [[West End theatre|West End]] production opened in 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bahr |first=Sarah |date=2022-12-28 |title=A ‘Titanic’ Parody Show That Draws Fans Near, Far, Wherever They Are |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/28/theater/titanique-titanic-parody-show.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==پڻ ڏسو == * [[بغداد جو چور (1924 فلم)|بغداد جو چور]] * [[جومانجي: جنگل ۾ ڀليڪار]] * [[حيرت انگيز عورت (2017 فلم)|حيرت انگيز عورت]] * [[دي گاڊ فادر]] * [[ريو (2011 فلم)]] * [[شريڪ (فلم)]] * [[مڊگاسڪر (فلم)]] ==نوٽس== {{reflist|group=Note}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==وڌيڪ مطالعي لاء == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Ballard |first=Robert |year=1987 |title=The Discovery of the Titanic |publisher=Grand Central Publishing |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-446-67174-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftitan00ball }} * {{cite book |last=Cameron |first=Stephen |title=Titanic: Belfast's Own |year=1998 |publisher=Wolfhound Press |location=Ireland |isbn=978-0-86327-685-9}} * {{cite book |last=Frakes |first=Randall |title=Titanic: James Cameron's Illustrated Screenplay |year=1998 |publisher=Harper |location=New York |isbn=978-0-06-095307-2}} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=David M. |year=1999 |title=Titanic |series=BFI Modern Classics |publisher=BFI Publishing |location=London |isbn=978-0-85170-760-0}} * {{cite book |last=Lynch |first=Donald |year=1992 |title=Titanic: An Illustrated History |publisher=Madison Press Books |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7868-6401-0}} * {{cite book |last=Majoor |first=Mireille |author2=James Cameron |title=Titanic: Ghosts of the Abyss |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicghostsofa00_0 |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Scholastic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-895892-31-4 }} * {{cite book |last1=Marsh |first1=Ed W. |last2=Kirkland |first2=Douglas |url=https://archive.org/details/jamescameronstit0000mars |title=James Cameron's Titanic |publisher=Boxtree |year=1998 |location=London |oclc=43745407 |url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-7522-2404-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Molony |first=Senan |title=Titanic: A Primary Source History |year=2005 |publisher=Gareth Stevens |location=Canada |isbn=978-0-8368-5980-5}} * {{cite book |last=Parisi |first=Paula |title=Titanic and the Making of James Cameron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |year=1998 |publisher=Orion |location=London |isbn=978-0-7528-1799-6 |access-date=October 29, 2020 |archive-date=September 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920145057/https://books.google.com/books?id=7A9ws0inw4YC&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }} * {{cite book |editor1-last=Sandler |editor1-first=Kevin S. |editor2-first=Gaylyn |editor2-last=Studlar |title=Titanic: Anatomy of a Blockbuster |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=1999 |location=Piscataway, NJ |isbn=978-0-8135-2669-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/titanicanatomyof0000unse }} {{refend}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{commons category|Titanic (1997 film)}} {{wikiquote}} * {{Official website|https://www.paramountpictures.com/movies/titanic}} * {{IMDb title|id=0120338|title=Titanic}} * [https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic#tab=summary ''Titanic''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201044247/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Titanic-(1997)#tab=summary |date=2020-12-01 }} at [[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] * [https://www.imsdb.com/scripts/Titanic.html Screenplay of ''Titanic''] at The Internet Movie Script Database * [https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/titanic Paramount Movies - ''Titanic''] * {{YouTube|id=WOoVjzjGKSg|title=YouTube video detailing model construction}} {{Portal bar|Film|United States|1990s}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:آمريڪي فلمون]] [[زمرو:انگريزي ٻولي جون فلمون]] [[زمرو:ٽائيٽينڪ (1997 فلم)]] clv9d8emooker79zre52g28lwuai3bo 10 95979 375627 2026-05-03T11:21:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====گرمي پد==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Temperature |+ گرمي پد<br /><small>([[:سانچو:convert/list of units/temperature|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {... 375627 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====گرمي پد==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Temperature |+ گرمي پد<br /><small>([[:سانچو:convert/list of units/temperature|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|K|rowspan=4|unitrowspan=1|exrowspan=1|note={{convert/list of units/triple|temperature}}|place=top}} * K °C (K C) * K °R (K R) * K °F (K F) |- {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|°C|altab=C}} * °C K (C K) * °C °R (C R) * °C °F (C F) |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|°R|altab=R|place=top}} * °R K (R K) * °R °C (R C) * °R °F (R F) |- {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|°F|altab=F}} * °F K (F K) * °F °C (F C) * °F °R (F R) |- align=center |rowspan=2 | || [[سيلسيس|سيلسيس تبديلي]] ||C-change|| style="width:0; padding:0;"| || || colspan=3 align=left |اصل گرمي پد بدران گرمي پد جي ''فرق'' (intervals) لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي<br/>مثال:&nbsp;&nbsp;<nowiki>{{convert|5|C-change|F-change}} وڌيڪ گرم</nowiki><br/>نتيجو:&nbsp;{{convert|5|C-change|0}} وڌيڪ گرم |- align=center |<!--no column 1-->[[فارنهايت|فارنهايت تبديلي]] ||F-change|| style="width:0; padding:0;"| || || colspan=3 align=left |اصل گرمي پد بدران گرمي پد جي ''فرق'' (intervals) لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي<br/>مثال:&nbsp;&nbsp;<nowiki>{{convert|10|F-change|0}} وڌيڪ ٿڌو</nowiki><br/>نتيجو:&nbsp;{{convert|10|F-change|0}} وڌيڪ ٿڌو |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/گرمي پد/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> ce3rup89ct0qqtndj1gtpqemup5903d 10 95980 375628 2026-05-03T11:24:33Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{place|}}}|top| {{!}} |{{!}}- {{!}}}}rowspan={{{rowspan|1}}} style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;" |{{convert|1|{{{1|acre}}}|disp=unit|lk=on}} |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{#if:1|{{{1|acre}}}}}{{#if:{{{altab|}}} |{{#if:{{{br|}}}|<br />|&nbsp;}}({{{altab}}})}} |style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;font-size:85%;{{#if:{{{qid|}}}||padding:0;width:0;}}"|{{#if:{{{qid|}}}|[[d:Q{{{qid}}}|Q{{{qid}}}]]}} |style="text-al... 375628 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{place|}}}|top| {{!}} |{{!}}- {{!}}}}rowspan={{{rowspan|1}}} style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;" |{{convert|1|{{{1|acre}}}|disp=unit|lk=on}} |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{#if:1|{{{1|acre}}}}}{{#if:{{{altab|}}} |{{#if:{{{br|}}}|<br />|&nbsp;}}({{{altab}}})}} |style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;font-size:85%;{{#if:{{{qid|}}}||padding:0;width:0;}}"|{{#if:{{{qid|}}}|[[d:Q{{{qid}}}|Q{{{qid}}}]]}} |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{#ifeq:{{convert|1|{{{1|acre}}}|disp=unit|abbr=on}}|{{convert|1|{{{1|acre}}}|disp=unit|abbr=off}} |(none)|{{convert|1|{{{1|acre}}}|disp=unit|abbr=on}} }} |rowspan={{{rowspan|1}}} style="text-align:right;vertical-align:top;"|{{convert|1.0|{{{1|acre}}}|lk=on|abbr=on}} |style="vertical-align:top;"|</includeonly><noinclude> {| class="wikitable" {{Convert/list of units/unitnonote}} |} {{documentation|content= == Usage == <code><nowiki>{{Convert/list of units/unitnonote|unit|place=|rowspan=|altab=|br=}}</nowiki></code> == See also == {{Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Convert/list of units/unit}} [[Category:Subtemplates of Template Convert/documentation formatting templates|unitaltab]] }}</noinclude> d45n6osqdxeovaypo17aus0mqn5d466 10 95981 375631 2026-05-03T11:27:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====ٽارڪ==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Torque |+ [[ٽارڪ]]<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/torque|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | colspan=8 style="text-align:center;" |'''صنعتي''' |- style="t... 375631 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====ٽارڪ==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Torque |+ [[ٽارڪ]]<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/torque|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- | colspan=8 style="text-align:center;" |'''صنعتي''' |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Nm|place=top|unitrowspan=1|exrowspan=1|rowspan=3|note=ٽِرپل گڏيل صورتون پڻ ممڪن آهن۔ ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units/torque|مڪمل فهرست]].}} * Nm kg.m * Nm lb.ft |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''غير-SI ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|kg.m|place=top}} * kg.m Nm * kg.m lb.ft |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|lb.ft|place=top}} * lb.ft Nm * lb.ft kg-m |- | colspan=8 style="text-align:center;" |'''سائنسي''' |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|N.m|place=top|unitrowspan=1|exrowspan=1|rowspan=3|note=ٽِرپل گڏيل صورتون پڻ ممڪن آهن۔ ڏسو [[سانچو:Convert/list of units/torque|مڪمل فهرست]].}} * N.m kgf.m * N.m lbf.ft |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''غير-SI ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|kgf.m|place=top}} * kgf.m N.m * kgf.m lbf.ft |- style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" | |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitnonote|lbf.ft|place=top}} * lbf.ft N.m * lbf.ft kgf.m |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/ٽارڪ/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> 05pajn3rn9e6eus1ihvea4ufdv8w790 10 95982 375638 2026-05-03T11:37:50Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====حجم==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Volume |+ حجم<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/volume|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=4 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{conv... 375638 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====حجم==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Volume |+ حجم<br /><small>([[:سانچو:Convert/list of units/volume|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- !نظام !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف !نوٽس !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل !گڏيل<br />آئوٽ پُٽ يونٽ |- |rowspan=4 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''SI''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|m3|us=cubic meter|note=هڪ ڪلو لٽر|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cm3|us=cubic centimeter|note=هڪ ملي لٽر|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|cc}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mm3|us=cubic millimeter}} |- |rowspan=8 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''غير-SI ميٽرڪ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kl|us=kiloliter|rowspan=2|note=هڪ ڪعبي ميٽر|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|kL}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|l|us=liter|rowspan=2|note=هڪ ڪعبي ڊيسي ميٽر<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|volume}}}} * l impgal * l USgal * l U.S.gal * l USdrygal * l U.S.drygal {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|L|note={{convert/list of units/triple|volume}}}} * L impgal * L impqt * L USgal * L U.S.gal * L USdrygal * L U.S.drygal {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cl|us=centiliter|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|cL}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|ml|us=milliliter|rowspan=2|note=هڪ ڪعبي سينٽي ميٽر}} * ml impoz * ml USoz * ml U.S.oz {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|mL}} * mL impoz * mL USoz * mL U.S.oz |- |rowspan=3 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''امپيريل<br />۽<br />آمريڪي رواجي''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cuyd|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cuft|altab=cufoot|note={{convert/list of units/foot note|cufoot|ڪعبي فٽ}}}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|cuin}} |- |rowspan=7 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''امپيريل''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|impbbl|place=top|note=36&nbsp;imp&nbsp;gal}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|impbsh|rowspan=2|note=8&nbsp;imp&nbsp;gal}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|impbu}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|impgal|note=4.54609 ليٽر تعريف موجب، پڻ<br />4 imp&nbsp;qt يا 8 imp&nbsp;pt يا 160&nbsp;imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|volume}}}} * impgal l * impgal L * impgal USgal * impgal U.S.gal * impgal USdrygal * impgal U.S.drygal {{convert/list of units/unitrow|impqt|note=1/4&nbsp;imp&nbsp;gal يا 40&nbsp;imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|imppt|note=1/8&nbsp;imp&nbsp;gal يا 20&nbsp;imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|impoz|note=1/160&nbsp;imp&nbsp;gal|altab=impfloz}} * impoz USoz * impoz U.S.oz * impoz ml * impoz mL |- |rowspan=13 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''آمريڪي رواجي<br />مايع ماپ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USbbl|place=top|rowspan=2|note=31½&nbsp;US&nbsp;gal<br />تيل ۽ بيئر کان سواءِ ٻين مايعن لاءِ استعمال}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.bbl}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|oilbbl|br=y|note=42&nbsp;US&nbsp;gal}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USbeerbbl|rowspan=2|br=y|altab=usbeerbbl}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.beerbbl|br=y|altab=usbeerbbl}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USgal|rowspan=2|note=231 ڪعبي انچ تعريف موجب، پڻ<br />4 US&nbsp;qt يا 8 US&nbsp;pt يا 128&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|volume}}}} * USgal l * USgal L * USgal impgal {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.gal}} * USgal l * USgal L * USgal impgal {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USqt|rowspan=2|note=1/4&nbsp;US&nbsp;gal يا 32 US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.qt}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USpt|rowspan=2|note=1/8&nbsp;US&nbsp;gal يا 16 US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.pt}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USoz|rowspan=2|br=y|altab=USfloz|note=1/128&nbsp;US&nbsp;gal}} * USoz ml * USoz mL * USoz impoz {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.oz|br=y|altab=U.S.floz}} * U.S.oz ml * U.S.oz mL * U.S.oz impoz |- |rowspan=12 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |'''آمريڪي رواجي<br />خشڪ ماپ''' {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USdrybbl|place=top|rowspan=2|note=105/32&nbsp;US&nbsp;bsh}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.drybbl}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USbsh|rowspan=2|note=2150.42 ڪعبي انچ تعريف موجب}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.bsh}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USbu|rowspan=2|note=2150.42 ڪعبي انچ تعريف موجب}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.bu}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USdrygal|rowspan=2|note=1/8&nbsp;US&nbsp;bsh<br />{{convert/list of units/triple|volume}}}} * USdrygal l * USdrygal L * USdrygal impgal {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.drygal}} * U.S.drygal l * U.S.drygal L * U.S.drygal impgal {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USdryqt|rowspan=2|note=1/32&nbsp;US&nbsp;bsh}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.dryqt}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|USdrypt|rowspan=2|note=1/32&nbsp;US&nbsp;bsh}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|U.S.drypt}} |} <noinclude> [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز|يونٽن جي فهرست/حجم/مختصر فهرست]] </noinclude> 2buat218or893b1b9jb0k6fqkjydd4m 10 95983 375641 2026-05-03T11:41:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly> ====اضافي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Extra |+ id=Pressure|دٻاءُ<br /><small>([[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data#Pressure|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- ! !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف ! !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل ! |- |rowspan=17| {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GPa|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|... 375641 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====اضافي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Extra |+ id=Pressure|دٻاءُ<br /><small>([[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data#Pressure|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- ! !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف ! !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل ! |- |rowspan=17| {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GPa|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|hPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Pa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mbar|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|mb}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|dbar}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|bar}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kBa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Ba}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|atm}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Torr}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mmHg}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|inHg}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|psi}} |} <includeonly> ====ايندھن ڪارڪردگي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id="Fuel efficiency" |+ ايندھن ڪارڪردگي |- ! !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نوٽس ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !گڏيل صورتون |- |rowspan=7| |ڪلوميٽر في ليٽر |km/l (km/L) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>km/L</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "km/L" ملي | | * km/l mpgimp * km/l mpgus |- |ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر |l/100 km (L/100 km) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>L/100 km</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "L/100 km" ملي | | * l/100 km mpgimp * l/100 km mpgus |- |ليٽر في ڪلوميٽر |l/km (L/km) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>L/km</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "L/km" ملي | | * l/km impgal/mi * l/km usgal/mi |- |ميل في امپيريل گيلن |mpgimp | |style="width:0; padding:0;" | | | | * mpgimp mpgus |- |ميل في آمريڪي گيلن |mpgus (mpgUS, mpgU.S.) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>mpgUS</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "US" ملي<br /> <code>mpgU.S.</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "U.S." ملي<br /> <code>mpgus</code> "U.S." ڏيندو جيڪڏهن اسپيلنگ<br /> US تي سيٽ هجي، ٻي صورت ۾ "US" | | * mpgus mpgimp |- |امپيريل گيلن في ميل |impgal/mi | |style="width:0; padding:0;" | | | | * impgal/mi |- |آمريڪي گيلن في ميل |usgal/mi (USgal/mi, U.S.gal/mi) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |مٿي بيان ڪيل <code>us</code>، <code>US</code> ۽ <code>U.S.</code> وانگر | | * usgal/mi |- |colspan=8|<code>mpgUS</code>، <code>mpgU.S.</code>، <code>USgal/mi</code> ۽ <code>U.S.gal/mi</code>، <code>km/L</code>، <code>L/100 km</code> ۽ <code>L/km</code> جا مختلف روپ گڏيل صورتن ۾ به ڪم ڪن ٿا (ڪل 36 گڏيل صورتون). |} j69yl92yit8n5hvw6pg9e3y7sezduk9 375644 375641 2026-05-03T11:43:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 375644 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> ====اضافي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id=Extra |+ id=Pressure|دٻاءُ<br /><small>([[ماڊيول:Convert/documentation/conversion data#Pressure|مڪمل فهرست]])</small> |- ! !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نشان يا<br />مخفف ! !نموني ڊيفالٽ<br />تبديل ! |- |rowspan=17| {{convert/list of units/unitrow|GPa|place=top}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|MPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|hPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Pa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mPa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mbar|rowspan=2}} {{convert/list of units/unitaltab|mb}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|dbar}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|bar}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|kBa}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Ba}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|atm}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|Torr}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|mmHg}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|inHg}} {{convert/list of units/unitrow|psi}} |} <includeonly> ====ٻارڻ ڪارڪردگي==== </includeonly> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right:0" |- id="Fuel efficiency" |+ ٻارڻ ڪارڪردگي |- ! !يونٽ !يونٽ-<br />ڪوڊ ! ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !نوٽس ! style="width:0; padding:0;" | !گڏيل صورتون |- |rowspan=7| |ڪلوميٽر في ليٽر |km/l (km/L) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>km/L</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "km/L" ملي | | * km/l mpgimp * km/l mpgus |- |ليٽر في 100 ڪلوميٽر |l/100 km (L/100 km) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>L/100 km</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "L/100 km" ملي | | * l/100 km mpgimp * l/100 km mpgus |- |ليٽر في ڪلوميٽر |l/km (L/km) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>L/km</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "L/km" ملي | | * l/km impgal/mi * l/km usgal/mi |- |ميل في امپيريل گيلن |mpgimp | |style="width:0; padding:0;" | | | | * mpgimp mpgus |- |ميل في آمريڪي گيلن |mpgus (mpgUS, mpgU.S.) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |<code>mpgUS</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "US" ملي<br /> <code>mpgU.S.</code> استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن "U.S." ملي<br /> <code>mpgus</code> "U.S." ڏيندو جيڪڏهن اسپيلنگ<br /> US تي سيٽ هجي، ٻي صورت ۾ "US" | | * mpgus mpgimp |- |امپيريل گيلن في ميل |impgal/mi | |style="width:0; padding:0;" | | | | * impgal/mi |- |آمريڪي گيلن في ميل |usgal/mi (USgal/mi, U.S.gal/mi) | | style="width:0; padding:0;" | |مٿي بيان ڪيل <code>us</code>، <code>US</code> ۽ <code>U.S.</code> وانگر | | * usgal/mi |- |colspan=8|<code>mpgUS</code>، <code>mpgU.S.</code>، <code>USgal/mi</code> ۽ <code>U.S.gal/mi</code>، <code>km/L</code>، <code>L/100 km</code> ۽ <code>L/km</code> جا مختلف روپ گڏيل صورتن ۾ به ڪم ڪن ٿا (ڪل 36 گڏيل صورتون). |} a6yxwe05249myc78wali0ltsza4wp6c 14 95984 375642 2026-05-03T11:42:10Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] [[زمرو:فلمن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] 375642 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:فلمي اداڪار]] [[زمرو:فلمن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] b8v92ztnymvrdsoe9ubqyffja9lx2rg 14 95985 375643 2026-05-03T11:43:00Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:ماڻهو]] 375643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:ماڻهو]] 1tasleu0p8iik8dxvavenk704re8pjp 375645 375643 2026-05-03T11:44:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 375645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:فلمون]] [[زمرو:فن سان لاڳاپيل ماڻهو]] hzu4qfe2ky0u7ol07eddxrjvw8amrdq 10 95986 375646 2026-05-03T11:45:14Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <noinclude>{| class="wikitable" </noinclude>|- |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{{1|tf}}}{{#if:{{{altab|}}}|{{#if:{{{br|}}}|<br />|&nbsp;}}({{{altab}}})}} |style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;font-size:85%;{{#if:{{{qid|}}}||padding:0;width:0;}}"|{{#if:{{{qid|}}}|[[d:Q{{{qid}}}|Q{{{qid}}}]]}} |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{convert|1|{{{1|tf}}}|disp=unit|abbr=on}} |style="vertical-align:top;"|<noinclude> |} {{documentation|content... 375646 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{| class="wikitable" </noinclude>|- |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{{1|tf}}}{{#if:{{{altab|}}}|{{#if:{{{br|}}}|<br />|&nbsp;}}({{{altab}}})}} |style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;font-size:85%;{{#if:{{{qid|}}}||padding:0;width:0;}}"|{{#if:{{{qid|}}}|[[d:Q{{{qid}}}|Q{{{qid}}}]]}} |style="text-align:center;vertical-align:top;"|{{convert|1|{{{1|tf}}}|disp=unit|abbr=on}} |style="vertical-align:top;"|<noinclude> |} {{documentation|content= == استعمال == <code><nowiki>{{Convert/list of units/unitaltab|unit|altab=|br=}}</nowiki></code> == پڻ ڏسو == {{Special:PrefixIndex/Template:Convert/list of units/unit}} [[Category:سانچو Convert جي ذيلي سانچا/دستاويز فارميٽنگ سانچا|unitaltab]] }}</noinclude> 2pljv3sklpj3b6rfz1p1ten5ryo8ic8 14 95987 375648 2026-05-03T11:47:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{template category}} {{Wikipedia category|hidden=yes}} '''Convert جهڙا سانچا''' هتي درج آهن، جيڪي {{tl|convert}} وانگر ساڳيو رويو ڏيکارين ٿا، پر مختلف سببن جي ڪري {{tlf|convert}} ۾ شامل ناهن۔ مثال طور، {{tl|long ton}} واري تبديلي ٽي يا چار ان پُٽ پيراميٽر وٺي ٿي، جيڪا {{tlf|convert}} ۾ ممڪن ناهي۔ عام طور تي انهن سانچن وٽ {{... 375648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{template category}} {{Wikipedia category|hidden=yes}} '''Convert جهڙا سانچا''' هتي درج آهن، جيڪي {{tl|convert}} وانگر ساڳيو رويو ڏيکارين ٿا، پر مختلف سببن جي ڪري {{tlf|convert}} ۾ شامل ناهن۔ مثال طور، {{tl|long ton}} واري تبديلي ٽي يا چار ان پُٽ پيراميٽر وٺي ٿي، جيڪا {{tlf|convert}} ۾ ممڪن ناهي۔ عام طور تي انهن سانچن وٽ {{tlf|convert}} جهڙا ڪجهه ساڳيا پيراميٽر اختيار به هوندا آهن۔ [[Category:Conversion templates|Convert جهڙا سانچا]] ccqgk2rom8bmeiic3x378r7h8tq5kqk 10 95988 375650 2026-05-03T11:49:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{long ton/{{#if:{{trim|{{{1|}}}}}|t|kg}}_{{{disp|b}}} |{{trim|{{{1|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{2|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{3|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{4|}}}}}|lk={{{lk|}}} |lb={{#expr:0{{trim|{{{1|0}}}}}*2240+{{trim|{{{2}}}}}*112+0{{trim|{{{3|0}}}}}*28+0{{trim|{{{4|0}}}}}}} |prec={{#if:{{trim|{{{4|}}}}}|0|{{#if:{{trim|{{{3|}}}}}|-1|-2}}}}|ref={{{ref|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 375650 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{long ton/{{#if:{{trim|{{{1|}}}}}|t|kg}}_{{{disp|b}}} |{{trim|{{{1|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{2|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{3|}}}}}|{{trim|{{{4|}}}}}|lk={{{lk|}}} |lb={{#expr:0{{trim|{{{1|0}}}}}*2240+{{trim|{{{2}}}}}*112+0{{trim|{{{3|0}}}}}*28+0{{trim|{{{4|0}}}}}}} |prec={{#if:{{trim|{{{4|}}}}}|0|{{#if:{{trim|{{{3|}}}}}|-1|-2}}}}|ref={{{ref|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 1xjyipyxoi30cgo6i24x5n76v21tloy 10 95989 375652 2026-05-03T11:56:53Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو --> === استعمال === === لاڳاپيل صفحا === {{Documentation subpage}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو امپيريل وزنن ([[ايورڊوپوا]]) کي داخل ڪرڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي، جيڪي ٽن، [[لانگ هنڊرڊويٽ|هنڊرڊويٽ]]، ڪوارٽر ۽/يا پائونڊ (ton، cwt، qr ۽/يا lb) ۾ ماپ... 375652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو --> === استعمال === === لاڳاپيل صفحا === {{Documentation subpage}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو امپيريل وزنن ([[ايورڊوپوا]]) کي داخل ڪرڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي، جيڪي ٽن، [[لانگ هنڊرڊويٽ|هنڊرڊويٽ]]، ڪوارٽر ۽/يا پائونڊ (ton، cwt، qr ۽/يا lb) ۾ ماپيا ويندا آهن، ۽ انهن کي پائونڊ ۽ ٽنن (ميٽرڪ ٽن) يا ڪلوگرام ۾ تبديل ڪري ڏيکاري ٿو (جيڪڏهن پهريون پيراميٽر خالي يا صفر هجي)۔ هي فارميٽ روايتي طور برطانيا ۽ ڪجهه ٻين دولتِ مشترڪه ملڪن ۾ لوڪوموٽو ۽ گهنٽن جي وزن جي وضاحت لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ڏسو [http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/doveDesc.php Dove's Bellringers' Guide]۔ ===نحو (Syntax)=== *<code><nowiki>{{long ton |tons |cwt |qr |lb }}</nowiki></code> *<code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; :: {{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 }} : "long" يونٽ کي مضمون ''[[Long ton]]'' سان ڳنڍڻ لاءِ {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{long ton |tons |cwt |qr |lb |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> *<code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 |lk=on }} صرف ٻيو پيراميٽر (cwt جو تعداد) لازمي آهي؛ باقي سڀ اختيار آهن۔ اهڙي حالت ۾ پهريون پيراميٽر خالي رکڻ ضروري آهي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |cwt }}</nowiki></code> *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |100 }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton | |100 }} *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |100 |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton | |100 |lk=on}} ;يونٽ جا نالا يا نشان يونٽن جا مڪمل نالا ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ڪو اختيار موجود ناهي۔ يونٽ هن صورت ۾ لکيا ويندا آهن: <code>{{nowrap|long ton[s], [long] cwt, qr, lb}}</code>۔ (جتي {{tlf|convert}} وٽ {{para|abbr|off/on}} موجود آهي)۔ ===گولائي (Rounding)=== گولائي ان پُٽ تي دارومدار رکي ٿي: *جيڪڏهن پائونڊ ڏنا ويا هجن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي پائونڊ تائين ڏني ويندي ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ *جيڪڏهن پائونڊ نه هجن پر ڪوارٽر هجن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي 10 پائونڊ تائين ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي 10 ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ *جيڪڏهن نه پائونڊ ۽ نه ڪوارٽر ڏنا وڃن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي 100 پائونڊ تائين ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي 100 ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ ===ڏيکاءُ (Display)=== گرامر مطابق بریکٽن اندر استعمال لاءِ <code>disp=or</code> يا <code>disp=sqbr</code> استعمال ڪريو: <code>A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor <nowiki>{{</nowiki>long ton||18|1|2|disp=or}})</code> :: ڏئي ٿو: "A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor {{long ton||18|1|2|disp=or}})" <code>A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor <nowiki>{{</nowiki>long ton||18|1|2|disp=sqbr}})</code> :: ڏئي ٿو: "A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor {{long ton||18|1|2|disp=sqbr}})" ===ٽيبلن ۾=== ٽيبل ۾ <code>disp=table</code> استعمال ڪريو۔ <pre> {| class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan=2| Number ! rowspan=2| Date ! rowspan=2| Maker ! colspan=3| Mass |- ![[long ton|long measure]] !lb !kg |- | 1st || 1891 || Mears & Stainbank |{{long ton||7|3|12|disp=table}} |- | 2nd || 1891 || Mears & Stainbank |{{long ton||9|0|2|disp=table}} |- |3rd || 1757 || Abel Rudhall |{{long ton||10|0|0|disp=table}} |} </pre> ===حوالا ۽ فوٽ نوٽس=== <code>ref=</code> استعمال ڪريو حوالو شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ <code><nowiki>{{long ton|3|18|1|2|ref=<ref>ڪو ذريعو</ref>}}</nowiki></code> {{reflist}} ===مثال=== *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4}}. *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4|2}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4|2}}. *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4|2|lk=on}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4|2|lk=on}}. *<code>The old tenor weighed <nowiki>{{long ton||21|2|12}}</nowiki>.</code> :: The old tenor weighed {{long ton||21|2|12}}. *<code>The recast tenor now weighs <nowiki>{{long ton|0|20|3|7|lk=on}}</nowiki>.</code> :: The recast tenor now weighs {{long ton||20|3|7|lk=on}}. == تبديلي ٽيبل == {| class="wikitable" |+ وزن جي يونٽن جي ٽيبل |- ! يونٽ ! نسبت قدر ! ميٽرڪ قدر ! نوٽس |- | style="text-align:center;" | ڊرام (dram) | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|256}} | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1/256|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|16}} oz |- | style="text-align:center;" | اونس (oz) | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|16}} | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1/16|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 16 dr |- | style="text-align:center;" | پائونڊ (lb) | style="text-align:right;" | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 16 oz |- | style="text-align:center;" | اسٽون (st) | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|14|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|2}} qr |- | style="text-align:center;" | ڪوارٽر (qr) | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|28|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 2 st |- | style="text-align:center;" | هنڊرڊويٽ (cwt) | style="text-align:right;" | 112 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|112|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 4 qr |- | style="text-align:center;" | ٽن (t)<br>يا لانگ ٽن | style="text-align:right;" | 2,240 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|2240|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 20 cwt |} ==Template Data== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {}, "2": {}, "3": {}, "4": {}, "disp": {}, "lk": {}, "ref": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "disp", "lk", "ref" ] } </templatedata> ==پڻ ڏسو== {{Math templates|conversion}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Convert جهڙا سانچا|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> funl3pf6svn1oicsvwa47blwnmgnniy 375653 375652 2026-05-03T11:57:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 375653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو --> === استعمال === === لاڳاپيل صفحا === {{Documentation subpage}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو امپيريل وزنن ([[ايورڊوپوا]]) کي داخل ڪرڻ لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي، جيڪي ٽن، [[لانگ هنڊرڊويٽ|هنڊرڊويٽ]]، ڪوارٽر ۽/يا پائونڊ (ton، cwt، qr ۽/يا lb) ۾ ماپيا ويندا آهن، ۽ انهن کي پائونڊ ۽ ٽنن (ميٽرڪ ٽن) يا ڪلوگرام ۾ تبديل ڪري ڏيکاري ٿو (جيڪڏهن پهريون پيراميٽر خالي يا صفر هجي)۔ هي فارميٽ روايتي طور برطانيا ۽ ڪجهه ٻين دولتِ مشترڪه ملڪن ۾ لوڪوموٽو ۽ گهنٽن جي وزن جي وضاحت لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي۔ ڏسو [http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/doveDesc.php Dove's Bellringers' Guide]۔ ===نحو (Syntax)=== *<code><nowiki>{{long ton |tons |cwt |qr |lb }}</nowiki></code> *<code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; :: {{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 }} : "long" يونٽ کي مضمون ''[[Long ton]]'' سان ڳنڍڻ لاءِ {{para|lk|on}} استعمال ڪريو: *<code><nowiki>{{long ton |tons |cwt |qr |lb |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> *<code style="white-space:pre"><nowiki>{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton |35 |4 |2 |1 |lk=on }} صرف ٻيو پيراميٽر (cwt جو تعداد) لازمي آهي؛ باقي سڀ اختيار آهن۔ اهڙي حالت ۾ پهريون پيراميٽر خالي رکڻ ضروري آهي۔ *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |cwt }}</nowiki></code> *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |100 }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton | |100 }} *<code><nowiki>{{long ton | |100 |lk=on }}</nowiki></code> &rarr; ::{{long ton | |100 |lk=on}} ;يونٽ جا نالا يا نشان يونٽن جا مڪمل نالا ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ڪو اختيار موجود ناهي۔ يونٽ هن صورت ۾ لکيا ويندا آهن: <code>{{nowrap|long ton[s], [long] cwt, qr, lb}}</code>۔ (جتي {{tlf|convert}} وٽ {{para|abbr|off/on}} موجود آهي)۔ ===گولائي (Rounding)=== گولائي ان پُٽ تي دارومدار رکي ٿي: *جيڪڏهن پائونڊ ڏنا ويا هجن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي پائونڊ تائين ڏني ويندي ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ *جيڪڏهن پائونڊ نه هجن پر ڪوارٽر هجن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي 10 پائونڊ تائين ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي 10 ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ *جيڪڏهن نه پائونڊ ۽ نه ڪوارٽر ڏنا وڃن، ته آئوٽ پُٽ ويليو ويجهي 100 پائونڊ تائين ۽ ميٽرڪ تبديلي ويجهي 100 ڪلوگرام تائين هوندي۔ ===ڏيکاءُ (Display)=== گرامر مطابق بریکٽن اندر استعمال لاءِ <code>disp=or</code> يا <code>disp=sqbr</code> استعمال ڪريو: <code>A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor <nowiki>{{</nowiki>long ton||18|1|2|disp=or}})</code> :: ڏئي ٿو: "A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor {{long ton||18|1|2|disp=or}})" <code>A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor <nowiki>{{</nowiki>long ton||18|1|2|disp=sqbr}})</code> :: ڏئي ٿو: "A replacement ring of ten bells (tenor {{long ton||18|1|2|disp=sqbr}})" ===ٽيبلن ۾=== ٽيبل ۾ <code>disp=table</code> استعمال ڪريو۔ <pre> {| class="wikitable" |- ! rowspan=2| Number ! rowspan=2| Date ! rowspan=2| Maker ! colspan=3| Mass |- ![[long ton|long measure]] !lb !kg |- | 1st || 1891 || Mears & Stainbank |{{long ton||7|3|12|disp=table}} |- | 2nd || 1891 || Mears & Stainbank |{{long ton||9|0|2|disp=table}} |- |3rd || 1757 || Abel Rudhall |{{long ton||10|0|0|disp=table}} |} </pre> ===حوالا ۽ فوٽ نوٽس=== <code>ref=</code> استعمال ڪريو حوالو شامل ڪرڻ لاءِ۔ <code><nowiki>{{long ton|3|18|1|2|ref=<ref>ڪو ذريعو</ref>}}</nowiki></code> {{reflist}} ===مثال=== *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4}}. *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4|2}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4|2}}. *<code>Locomotive weight: <nowiki>{{long ton|35|4|2|lk=on}}</nowiki>.</code> :: Locomotive weight: {{long ton|35|4|2|lk=on}}. *<code>The old tenor weighed <nowiki>{{long ton||21|2|12}}</nowiki>.</code> :: The old tenor weighed {{long ton||21|2|12}}. *<code>The recast tenor now weighs <nowiki>{{long ton|0|20|3|7|lk=on}}</nowiki>.</code> :: The recast tenor now weighs {{long ton||20|3|7|lk=on}}. == تبديلي ٽيبل == {| class="wikitable" |+ وزن جي يونٽن جي ٽيبل |- ! يونٽ ! نسبت قدر ! ميٽرڪ قدر ! نوٽس |- | style="text-align:center;" | ڊرام (dram) | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|256}} | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1/256|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|16}} oz |- | style="text-align:center;" | اونس (oz) | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|1|16}} | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1/16|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 16 dr |- | style="text-align:center;" | پائونڊ (lb) | style="text-align:right;" | 1 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|1|lb|g|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 16 oz |- | style="text-align:center;" | اسٽون (st) | style="text-align:right;" | 14 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|14|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | {{fraction|2}} qr |- | style="text-align:center;" | ڪوارٽر (qr) | style="text-align:right;" | 28 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|28|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 2 st |- | style="text-align:center;" | هنڊرڊويٽ (cwt) | style="text-align:right;" | 112 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|112|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 4 qr |- | style="text-align:center;" | ٽن (t)<br>يا لانگ ٽن | style="text-align:right;" | 2,240 | style="text-align:left;" | ≈ {{convert|2240|lb|kg|sigfig=4|disp=output only}} | style="text-align:right;" | 20 cwt |} == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {}, "2": {}, "3": {}, "4": {}, "disp": {}, "lk": {}, "ref": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "1", "2", "3", "4", "disp", "lk", "ref" ] } </templatedata> ==پڻ ڏسو== {{Math templates|conversion}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:Conversion templates]] [[Category:Convert جهڙا سانچا|{{SUBPAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> gb68729a4hgfcwde2wzm7y8n2pvyxts