وڪيپيڊيا sdwiki https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%88 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter ذريعات خاص بحث واپرائيندڙ واپرائيندڙ بحث وڪيپيڊيا وڪيپيڊيا بحث فائل فائل بحث ذريعات وڪي ذريعات وڪي بحث سانچو سانچو بحث مدد مدد بحث زمرو زمرو بحث باب باب بحث TimedText TimedText talk ماڊيول ماڊيول بحث Event Event talk 10 3732 377551 373057 2026-05-14T21:24:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سانچو:Self reference]] کي [[سانچو:Self-reference]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 37803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{2|NONE}}} |NONE|hatnote|hat={{Hatnote|1=<span class='"plainlinks selfreference'">{{{1}}}</span>}} |inline|<!--empty-->=<span class='"plainlinks selfreference'">{{{1}}}</span> |#default={{error|Second parameter must be <code>hatnone</code>, <code>hat</code>, or <code>inline</code>}} }}<!-- * Note: matching the empty string for inline is for backwards compatibility with the 2006-2008 version --><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE'S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --> </noinclude> 8j4iwenyhmfzcho3t01i7cj0izi3fvr 377553 377551 2026-05-14T21:27:57Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{2|NONE}}} |NONE|hatnote|hat={{Hatnote|1=<span class='"plainlinks selfreference'">{{{1}}}</span>}} |inline|<!--خالي-->=<span class='"plainlinks selfreference'">{{{1}}}</span> |#default={{error|ٻيو پيراميٽر <code>hatnone</code>، <code>hat</code>، يا <code>inline</code> هجڻ گهرجي}} }}<!-- * نوٽ: inline لاءِ خالي اسٽرنگ سان ملائڻ 2006-2008ع واري نسخي سان پٺتي مطابقت لاءِ آهي --><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن سانچي جا زمرا ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو، مهرباني --> </noinclude> 7i291mcm5lj1a08uw60vf3ip1sd1jaa 10 3939 377539 165304 2026-05-14T20:50:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377539 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:about|about}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> sewwzp1otrriymoi2xy4csy1ag24qbn 14 4000 377459 343168 2026-05-14T15:19:05Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377459 wikitext text/x-wiki سنڌي ذاتين جي فهرست {{انگ}} Sindhi tribes [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا قبيلا]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جو معاشرو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا معاشرتي گروهه]] [[زمرو:سنڌ قبل از هندستان ورهاڱو|قبيلا]] hv9pqswqqevvgmb2b179gxrd0euqgvt 14 4001 377493 343134 2026-05-14T16:18:55Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377493 wikitext text/x-wiki #{{واپس منتقل زمرو|زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو}} [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] 69p3j27jgij7nhn8cwnqa5y1mdpjpq1 10 4102 377528 193202 2026-05-14T20:10:34Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377528 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:For|For}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7es2p1mk6qse8zlwn5qqya2ysrq1rcr 0 4547 377634 264104 2026-05-15T11:22:49Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ يونين علائقا]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | نالو = [[دھلي]] | official_name = نيشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري آف دھلي | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = [[رياست ]] | image_skyline = Delhi Montage.jpg | image_caption = مٿان کان ساڄي طرف: [[ڪنول وارو مندر]]،[[ھمايون جو مقبرو]]،[[ڪوناٽ محل نئين دهلي]]، [[اڪشردم مندر]] ۽ [[انڊيا جو دروازو]] | image_map = IN-DL.svg | map_caption = انڊيا ۾ دھلي واري يونين ٽيريٽري جو مقام | coordinates = {{coord|28|36|36|N|77|13|48|E|display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | established_title = قيام | established_date = 1956 ۾ ستين آئيني ترميم ذريعي | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = يونين ٽيريٽري جو قيام "آئين 1956 ۾ 7th ترميم"ذريعي /><ref name="ReorgAct56"/> | established_date3 = 1956 | established_title4 = Formation of NCT<ref name=NCTact/> | established_date4 = 1 February 1992 | seat_type = گادي واري سيٽ | seat = [[ دهلي شھر]] | parts_type ٽيريٽري جا ڪل ضلعا | parts_style = para | p1 = 11 ضلعا | governing_body = [[دھلي جي رياست جي حڪومت]] | leader_title = [[گورنر ]] | leader_name = [[انيل بائجال]] <ref>{{cite news|title=Anil Baijal takes over as new Lt Governor of Delhi|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/anil-baijal-takes-over-as-new-lt-governor-of-delhi/articleshow/56268275.cms|accessdate=31 December 2016|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Delhi|date=31 December 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103035905/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/anil-baijal-takes-over-as-new-lt-governor-of-delhi/articleshow/56268275.cms|archivedate=3 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | leader_title1 = چيف منسٽر | leader_name1 = عام آدمي پارٽيءَ جو [[اروند ڪيجريوال]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | total_type = [[نيشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري]]<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_total_km2 = 1484.0 | area_total_sq_mi = 573.0 | area_water_sq_mi = 6.9 | area_rank = انڊيا جي رياستن ۽ خطن ۾ پکيڙ ۾ 31ھون نمبر | elevation_m = 200–250 | elevation_ft = 650–820 <!-- Population, demographics -->| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011.co.in Delhi"/> | population_total = 16,787,941 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = 29,298 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="delhi2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Delhi.html?cityid=2925|title=Delhi (India): Union Territory, Major Agglomerations & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=City Population|accessdate=28 February 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112054/https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Delhi.html?cityid=2925|archivedate=2 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | population_urban = 16,349,831<!--These figures are for main UA of Delhi city as defined by Census of India which is located within Delhi NCT only--> ([[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|2nd]]) | population_blank1_footnotes = <ref name="census2011.co.in Delhi"/> | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = 11,034,555 ([[List of cities in India by population|2nd]]) | population_blank2_footnotes = <ref name="UNcities2016"/> | population_blank2_title = [[Metropolitan area|Metro]] (2016) | population_blank2 = 26,454,000<!--These figures are for Extended UA of Delhi including Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ghaziabad and Noida.--> | population_demonym = دلھيئيٽ | demographics_type1 = ٻوليون | demographics1_title1 =سرڪاري | demographics1_info1 = [[ھندي]] ۽ [[انگلش]]<ref name = "OLA 2000">{{cite web|url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d09fd2004bd07ad9a305ab56803943f0/Delhi+Official+Languages+Act+2000.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-344844204|title=Official Language Act 2000|date=2 July 2003|publisher=Government of Delhi|accessdate=17 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084459/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d09fd2004bd07ad9a305ab56803943f0/Delhi+Official+Languages+Act+2000.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-344844204|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = اضافي سرڪاري ٻوليون | demographics1_info2 = [[پنجابي ٻولي|پنجابي]] ۽ [[اردو]] <ref name="OLA 2000" /> | timezone = [[انڊيا جو معياري وقت]] | utc_offset = +5.30 | postal_code_type = پوسٽل ڪوڊ | postal_code = [https://www.indiapost.gov.in/vas/pages/FindPinCode.aspx 1100XX] | area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91 11]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-DL]] | blank3_name = | blank3_info = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) | blank_info_sec2 = $167 to $370 billion<ref name="Brookings"/><ref name="pricewater"/><ref name="times Delhi-not-Mumbai"/> | website = {{url|http://delhi.gov.in/}} }} '''دھلي''' يا''' نئشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' National Capital Territory '''}} ڀارت جو ھڪ خطو جيڪو رياستي درجو رکي ٿو جنھن جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ [[دهلي|دھلي شھر]] آھي. ھن خطي جو پراڻو نالو چيف ڪمشنر وارو دھلي صوبو ھيو پوء ان جي جاء تي اسٽيٽس ري آرگنائيزيشن ايڪٽ آف 1956 جو قانون منظور ڪندي ساڳي سال يونين ٽيريٽري آف دھلي ۾ قائم ڪئي وئي پر 1992 م ان کي نئشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري جو نالو ڏنو ويو. ھن خطي جي ٽن طرفن اتر، اولھ ۽ ڏکڻ کان [[ھريانا رياست]] ۽ اوڀر پاسي [[اتر پرديش رياست]] واقع آھن. ھن ٽيريٽري۾ 11 ضلعا 33 سب ڊويزنون ۽ 59 مردم شماري وارا شھر ۽ 300 کن ڳوٺ واقع آھن. ھن رياستي خطي جو وڏي ۾ وڏو شھر [[دهلي|دھلي شھر]] آھي ساڳي شھر جي لڳو لڳ [[نئين دھلي|نيو دھلي]] شھر واقع آھي جيڪو انڊيا جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي . ھن رياست جي پکيڙ 1483 چورس ڪلوميٽر آهي جيڪا پکيڙ ۾ انڊيا جي صوبائي رياستن ۽ خطن ۾ 31ھين نمبر تي آهي. ھن رياست جون مکيه ٻوليون ھندي، انگريزي، اردو ۽ پنجابي آھي.<ref>{{cite book |last=Necipoglu |first=Gulru |title= Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World |origyear=2002 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UJc2u33fCKQC&pg=PA16&dq=delhi+sultanate+political+center+city+delhi&sig=ACfU3U3zNMesuCjnsH7iAlLe5mKHpddn8w#PPA12,M1|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004125930 |pages= 12–43|chapter=Epigraphs, Scripture, and Architecture in the Early Sultanate of Delhi|chapterurl= |year=2002}}</ref> ھن رياستي خطي جي پنھنجي ليجسليٽو اسيمبلي آھي جيڪا 1956 ۾ منسوخ ٿيڻ بعد 1993 ۾ ھڪ دفعو ٻيھر بحال ڪئي وئي جيڪا ھن خطي جي حڪومت جي سربراھ وزيراعلي کي چونڊيندي آھي. مرڪزي رياست جي طرفان ليفٽيننٽ گورنر مقرر ٿيندو آهي. == حوالا == {{حوالا}} <references/> {{reflist}} {{ڪچو}} [[زمرو: ھندستان جا شھر، وسنديون ۽ واھڻ]] [[زمرو:ايشيا ۾ راڄڌانيون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ يونين علائقا]] 74cp19jt31otem1fwdhqzmbeymsajlb 377635 377634 2026-05-15T11:24:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 377635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | نالو = [[دھلي]] | official_name = نيشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري آف دھلي | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | native_name_lang = | other_name = | settlement_type = [[رياست ]] | image_skyline = Delhi Montage.jpg | image_caption = مٿان کان ساڄي طرف: [[ڪنول وارو مندر]]،[[ھمايون جو مقبرو]]،[[ڪوناٽ محل نئين دهلي]]، [[اڪشردم مندر]] ۽ [[انڊيا جو دروازو]] | image_map = IN-DL.svg | map_caption = انڊيا ۾ دھلي واري يونين ٽيريٽري جو مقام | coordinates = {{coord|28|36|36|N|77|13|48|E|display=inline, title}} | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | established_title = قيام | established_date = 1956 ۾ ستين آئيني ترميم ذريعي | established_title1 = | established_date1 = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = يونين ٽيريٽري جو قيام "آئين 1956 ۾ 7th ترميم"ذريعي /><ref name="ReorgAct56"/> | established_date3 = 1956 | established_title4 = Formation of NCT<ref name=NCTact/> | established_date4 = 1 February 1992 | seat_type = گادي واري سيٽ | seat = [[ دهلي شھر]] | parts_type ٽيريٽري جا ڪل ضلعا | parts_style = para | p1 = 11 ضلعا | governing_body = [[دھلي جي رياست جي حڪومت]] | leader_title = [[گورنر ]] | leader_name = [[انيل بائجال]] <ref>{{cite news|title=Anil Baijal takes over as new Lt Governor of Delhi|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/anil-baijal-takes-over-as-new-lt-governor-of-delhi/articleshow/56268275.cms|accessdate=31 December 2016|work=[[Times of India]]|location=Delhi|date=31 December 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103035905/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/anil-baijal-takes-over-as-new-lt-governor-of-delhi/articleshow/56268275.cms|archivedate=3 January 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | leader_title1 = چيف منسٽر | leader_name1 = عام آدمي پارٽيءَ جو [[اروند ڪيجريوال]] | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | total_type = [[نيشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري]]<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_total_km2 = 1484.0 | area_total_sq_mi = 573.0 | area_water_sq_mi = 6.9 | area_rank = انڊيا جي رياستن ۽ خطن ۾ پکيڙ ۾ 31ھون نمبر | elevation_m = 200–250 | elevation_ft = 650–820 <!-- Population, demographics -->| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2011.co.in Delhi"/> | population_total = 16,787,941 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_sq_mi = 29,298 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="delhi2011">{{cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Delhi.html?cityid=2925|title=Delhi (India): Union Territory, Major Agglomerations & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|work=City Population|accessdate=28 February 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112054/https://www.citypopulation.de/India-Delhi.html?cityid=2925|archivedate=2 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | population_urban = 16,349,831<!--These figures are for main UA of Delhi city as defined by Census of India which is located within Delhi NCT only--> ([[List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India|2nd]]) | population_blank1_footnotes = <ref name="census2011.co.in Delhi"/> | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = 11,034,555 ([[List of cities in India by population|2nd]]) | population_blank2_footnotes = <ref name="UNcities2016"/> | population_blank2_title = [[Metropolitan area|Metro]] (2016) | population_blank2 = 26,454,000<!--These figures are for Extended UA of Delhi including Gurgaon, Faridabad, Ghaziabad and Noida.--> | population_demonym = دلھيئيٽ | demographics_type1 = ٻوليون | demographics1_title1 =سرڪاري | demographics1_info1 = [[ھندي]] ۽ [[انگلش]]<ref name = "OLA 2000">{{cite web|url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d09fd2004bd07ad9a305ab56803943f0/Delhi+Official+Languages+Act+2000.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-344844204|title=Official Language Act 2000|date=2 July 2003|publisher=Government of Delhi|accessdate=17 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084459/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/d09fd2004bd07ad9a305ab56803943f0/Delhi+Official+Languages+Act+2000.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&lmod=-344844204|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | demographics1_title2 = اضافي سرڪاري ٻوليون | demographics1_info2 = [[پنجابي ٻولي|پنجابي]] ۽ [[اردو]] <ref name="OLA 2000" /> | timezone = [[انڊيا جو معياري وقت]] | utc_offset = +5.30 | postal_code_type = پوسٽل ڪوڊ | postal_code = [https://www.indiapost.gov.in/vas/pages/FindPinCode.aspx 1100XX] | area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91 11]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-DL]] | blank3_name = | blank3_info = | blank_name_sec2 = [[Gross metropolitan product|Metro GDP]] ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) | blank_info_sec2 = $167 to $370 billion<ref name="Brookings"/><ref name="pricewater"/><ref name="times Delhi-not-Mumbai"/> | website = {{url|http://delhi.gov.in/}} }} '''دھلي''' يا''' نئشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري ''' {{ٻيا نالا|انگريزي= ''' National Capital Territory '''}} ڀارت جو ھڪ خطو جيڪو رياستي درجو رکي ٿو جنھن جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ [[دهلي|دھلي شھر]] آھي. ھن خطي جو پراڻو نالو چيف ڪمشنر وارو دھلي صوبو ھيو پوء ان جي جاء تي اسٽيٽس ري آرگنائيزيشن ايڪٽ آف 1956 جو قانون منظور ڪندي ساڳي سال يونين ٽيريٽري آف دھلي ۾ قائم ڪئي وئي پر 1992 م ان کي نئشنل ڪيپيٽل ٽيريٽري جو نالو ڏنو ويو. ھن خطي جي ٽن طرفن اتر، اولھ ۽ ڏکڻ کان [[ھريانا رياست]] ۽ اوڀر پاسي [[اتر پرديش رياست]] واقع آھن. ھن ٽيريٽري۾ 11 ضلعا 33 سب ڊويزنون ۽ 59 مردم شماري وارا شھر ۽ 300 کن ڳوٺ واقع آھن. ھن رياستي خطي جو وڏي ۾ وڏو شھر [[دهلي|دھلي شھر]] آھي ساڳي شھر جي لڳو لڳ [[نئين دھلي|نيو دھلي]] شھر واقع آھي جيڪو انڊيا جو گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي . ھن رياست جي پکيڙ 1483 چورس ڪلوميٽر آهي جيڪا پکيڙ ۾ انڊيا جي صوبائي رياستن ۽ خطن ۾ 31ھين نمبر تي آهي. ھن رياست جون مکيه ٻوليون ھندي، انگريزي، اردو ۽ پنجابي آھي.<ref>{{cite book |last=Necipoglu |first=Gulru |title= Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World |origyear=2002 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UJc2u33fCKQC&pg=PA16&dq=delhi+sultanate+political+center+city+delhi&sig=ACfU3U3zNMesuCjnsH7iAlLe5mKHpddn8w#PPA12,M1|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004125930 |pages= 12–43|chapter=Epigraphs, Scripture, and Architecture in the Early Sultanate of Delhi|chapterurl= |year=2002}}</ref> ھن رياستي خطي جي پنھنجي ليجسليٽو اسيمبلي آھي جيڪا 1956 ۾ منسوخ ٿيڻ بعد 1993 ۾ ھڪ دفعو ٻيھر بحال ڪئي وئي جيڪا ھن خطي جي حڪومت جي سربراھ وزيراعلي کي چونڊيندي آھي. مرڪزي رياست جي طرفان ليفٽيننٽ گورنر مقرر ٿيندو آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} {{ڪچو}} [[زمرو:دهلي]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ يونين علائقا]] 0lth501vaddpbhb3x40t8uvs65bdgoo 10 5222 377529 30786 2026-05-14T20:17:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 377529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|لوپ ٺاهڻ واري سانچي لاءِ|سانچو:For loop}} {{documentation subpage}} <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ سانچي جي دستاويزڪاري ۾ ترميم ڪريو --> {{high-use| ھزارين }} {{Lua|ماڊيول:For}} هي سانچو {{tl|Other uses}} جهڙو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھيٽنوٽ|هيٽ نوٽ]] پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر اهو وڌيڪ لچڪدار متن جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو جنهن ۾ گهڻن مضمونن يا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون هجن. == استعمال == هي هڪ يا وڌيڪ پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو (صفر جي اجازت ناهي). === هڪ پيراميٽر سان (نادر) === پهريون پيراميٽر خود هيٽ نوٽ مقرر ڪري ٿو ۽ اهو سادو متن هجڻ گهرجي. جيڪڏهن ان کان پوءِ ٻيو ڪو پيراميٽر نه هجي، ته اهو مضمون جي عنوان لاءِ هڪ ڊفالٽ ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي ڏانهن ڳنڍيندو، مثال طور {{tlc|For|other entities}}، صفحي Foo تي هي نتيجو ڏيندو: {{hatnote|For other entities, see [[:Foo (disambiguation)]].}} صرف هڪ پيراميٽر سان اهڙو استعمال نادر آهي، ڇو ته گهڻن حالتن ۾ {{tl|Other uses}} (۽ هن حالت ۾ ساڳئي نتيجي سان {{tl|About}}) وڌيڪ آسانيءَ سان ۽ بغير ڪنهن پيراميٽر جي استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو. پر ڪجهه حالتن ۾ اهو معقول آهي، خاص طور تي اهڙن ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن لاءِ جن جا ٻيا مطلب ساڳئي قسم جا هجن، مثال طور [[لزبن جو معاهدو]]: {{hatnote|[[لزبن وارو معاهدو|لزبن واري معاهدي]] طور سڃاڻجڻ وارن اڳوڻن معاھدن لاء، ڏسو (سلجھائپ)]].}} تنهن هوندي، اهڙين گهڻين حالتن لاءِ نوان مخصوص سانچا لاڳو ڪيا ويا آهن، جهڙوڪ {{tl|Other people}}، {{tl|Other places}} وغيره؛ هيٺ ڏنل هيٽ نوٽ سانچن جي جائزي واري خاني کي ڏسو. === ٻن پيراميٽرن سان === ٻيو پيراميٽر نتيجي ۾ پيدا ٿيندڙ ڳنڍڻي کي تبديل ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، مثال طور {{tlc|For|the acronym|فو}} هي نتيجو ڏيندو (جتي به استعمال ڪيو وڃي، هاڻي مضمون جي عنوان کان آزاد): {{For|the acronym|فو}} === وڌيڪ پيراميٽرن سان === ٽيون، چوٿون ۽ پنجون پيراميٽر هڪ، ٻه، يا ٽي اضافي نتيجي واريون ڳنڍڻيون ڏيڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندا آهن: {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar}} {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz}} {{For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz|Quux}} مثال طور، آخري نوٽ {{tlc|For|similar terms|Foobar|Bar|Baz|Quux}} ذريعي پيدا ٿئي ٿو. {{para|selfref|yes}} اختيار سڄي هيٽ نوٽ کي وڪيپيڊيا جي خود حوالگي طور نشان لڳائي ٿو، جنهن سبب جڏهن صفحي جو مواد وڪيپيڊيا کان ٻاهر ٻيهر استعمال ڪيو وڃي ته اهو لڪايو ويندو (وڌيڪ تفصيل لاءِ {{tl|self reference}} ۽ [[MOS:SELFREF]] ڏسو). === ترچن اکرن ۾ انداز === هيٽ نوٽس ۾ ترچن اکرن جي استعمال بابت تفصيل لاءِ {{section link|وڪيپيڊيا:Hatnote|Hatnotes with italics in the links}} ([[وڪيپيڊيا:ITHAT]]) ڏسو. ==ٽريڪنگ زمرو== هن سانچي پاران رپورٽ ڪيل غلطين وارا صفحا [[:زمرو:غير معمولي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] ۾ شامل ڪيا ويندا آهن. ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو ڪنهن اصطلاح جي متبادل معنائن بابت وڌ ۾ وڌ چار مضمون فهرست ڪري ٿو. وڌيڪ تفصيل ۽ مثالن لاءِ سانچي جي دستاويزڪاري ڏسو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو اهم متبادل معنيٰ بيان ڪري، يا سڀني متبادل معنائن لاءِ هڪ عام اصطلاح", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "سمٿ خانداني نالي وارا ٻيا ماڻهو" }, "2": { "label": "پهرين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "اهو صفحو جنهن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻو هجي؛ عام طور تي ابهام سلجهائپ صفحو يا سڀ کان وڌيڪ ممڪن ٻيو مطلب.", "default": "{{PAGENAME}} (disambiguation)", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "3": { "label": "ٻي ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "4": { "label": "ٽين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "5": { "label": "چوٿين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": false }, "selfref": { "label": "ڇا هي خود حوالو آهي؟", "description": "ان کي yes تي مقرر ڪريو ته جيئن ڪجهه نسخن ۾ هي هيٽ نوٽ نظر نه اچي، مثال طور جڏهن ڇاپيو وڃي.", "type": "boolean", "default": "no", "autovalue": "yes" } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو --> [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] [[زمرو:گهڻ-پيراميٽري سانچا]] }}</includeonly> n4qr19jornsnaj2qpzfuoxd0nifnsnj 10 5229 377540 157343 2026-05-14T20:52:18Z Intisar Ali 8681 377540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Tlc|About}} وڪيپيڊيا تي گهڻو استعمال ٿيندڙ [[وپ:Hatnote|هيٽ نوٽ سانچو]] آهي، ۽ ان کي مضمون جي مٿئين حصي ۾ رکڻ گهرجي ته جيئن پڙهندڙ کي اهڙن ٻين مضمونن ڏانهن رهنمائي ملي، جن جا عنوان يا تصور ساڳيا هجن ۽ جيڪي شايد هو اصل ۾ ڳولي رهيو هجي. هن سانچي جون ڪيترين ئي صورتون آهن، جن ۾ شامل آهن: *{{Tlx|About|USE1}} → {{About|USE1}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|<nowiki/>|PAGE2}} → {{About|USE1||PAGE2}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|'''and'''|PAGE3}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses}} متبادل طور، {{Tlc|About}} سانچي ۾ <code>section=yes</code> پيراميٽر شامل ڪري سگهجي ٿو ته جيئن ڪنهن سيڪشن جي مٿئين حصي ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي. جڏهن هي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪيو وڃي، ته سانچي جي لفظن ۾ تبديلي اچي ٿي ته جيئن اهو ظاهر ٿئي ته اهو ڪنهن سيڪشن ۾ استعمال ٿي رهيو آهي: *{{Tlx|About|USE1|<nowiki>section=yes</nowiki>}} → {{About|USE1|section=yes}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|<nowiki/>|PAGE2|<nowiki>section=yes</nowiki>}} → {{About|USE1||PAGE2|section=yes}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|<nowiki>section=yes</nowiki>}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|section=yes}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|'''and'''|PAGE3|<nowiki>section=yes</nowiki>}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|and|PAGE3|section=yes}} *{{Tlx|About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses|<nowiki>section=yes</nowiki>}} → {{About|USE1|USE2|PAGE2|other uses|section=yes}} <includeonly> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ سانچا]] </includeonly> asw3bmomf0nypw190araecjbpytkyt0 14 6165 377456 343135 2026-05-14T15:12:13Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377456 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌ جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا زمرا بندي]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا معاشرتي گروه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ قوميت ۽ جڳھہ]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] shbrvijddr461o0yo26pvn43v8je5rf 377497 377456 2026-05-14T17:26:49Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌ جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا زمرا بندي]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا معاشرتي گروه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ قوميت ۽ جڳھہ]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] 8cwp6laszcdzr9zhdzlc7xbcg0kv4zl 828 6523 377577 365254 2026-05-14T22:39:55Z Intisar Ali 8681 377577 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول {{documentation}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ -- گهربل ماڊيول حاصل ڪريو۔ local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- config ٽيبل حاصل ڪريو۔ local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- گهڻو استعمال ٿيندڙ فنڪشنون۔ local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- مددگار فنڪشنون -- -- اهي local functions طور بيان ڪيون ويون آهن، پر جاچ جي مقصدن لاءِ -- p ٽيبل ۾ به موجود آهن۔ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- cfg ٽيبل مان پيغام حاصل ڪري ٿو ۽ ضرورت هجي ته ان کي فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔ -- جيڪڏهن cfg ٽيبل مان حاصل ڪيل قدر جو قسم expectType سان نه ملي، -- ته فنڪشن غلطي پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ expectType جي ڊفالٽ قيمت 'string' آهي۔ -- جيڪڏهن valArray ٽيبل موجود هجي، ته پيغام ۾ موجود $1، $2 وغيره -- valArray جي [1]، [2] وغيره مان مليل قدرن سان تبديل ڪيا ويندا۔ -- مثال طور، جيڪڏهن "foo-message" جو قدر 'Foo $2 bar $1.' هجي، -- ته message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) واپس ڪندو: -- "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ قسم جي غلطي (' .. expectType .. ' گهربل، پر ' .. type(msg) .. ' مليو)', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ key $' .. match .. ' لاءِ ڪا قدر نه ملي', 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- دليلن جي پروسيسنگ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- خالي جڳهون هٽايو۔ if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- داخلا جا نقطا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن ماڊيول جي منطقي وهڪري کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماحول جون ترتيبون ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and -- /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. viewLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. editLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. historyLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. createLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p royb85cw49nchy1j4ndybp9e8bsvg50 377578 377577 2026-05-14T22:47:13Z Intisar Ali 8681 377578 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول {{documentation}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ -- گهربل ماڊيول حاصل ڪريو۔ local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- config ٽيبل حاصل ڪريو۔ local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- گهڻو استعمال ٿيندڙ فنڪشن local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- مددگار فنڪشن -- -- اهي local functions طور بيان ڪيون ويون آهن، پر جاچ جي مقصدن لاءِ -- p ٽيبل ۾ به موجود آهن۔ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- cfg ٽيبل مان پيغام حاصل ڪري ٿو ۽ ضرورت هجي ته ان کي فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔ -- جيڪڏهن cfg ٽيبل مان حاصل ڪيل قدر جو قسم expectType سان نه ملي، -- ته فنڪشن غلطي پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ expectType جي ڊفالٽ قيمت 'string' آهي۔ -- جيڪڏهن valArray ٽيبل موجود هجي، ته پيغام ۾ موجود $1، $2 وغيره -- valArray جي [1]، [2] وغيره مان مليل قدرن سان تبديل ڪيا ويندا۔ -- مثال طور، جيڪڏهن "foo-message" جو قدر 'Foo $2 bar $1.' هجي، -- ته message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) واپس ڪندو: -- "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ قسم جي غلطي (' .. expectType .. ' گهربل، پر ' .. type(msg) .. ' مليو)', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ key $' .. match .. ' لاءِ ڪا قدر نه ملي', 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- دليلن جي پروسيسنگ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- خالي جڳهون هٽايو۔ if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- داخلا جا نقطا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن ماڊيول جي منطقي وهڪري کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماحول جون ترتيبون ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- ماحول بابت ڄاڻ رکندڙ جدول واپس ڪري ٿو، جنهن ۾ title objects -- ۽ ٻيا namespace يا path سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا شامل آهن۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول -- -- Title objects ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.title - اهو صفحو جنهن لاءِ اسان دستاويز ٺاهي رهيا آهيون، عام طور موجوده title -- env.templateTitle - سانچو، يا ماڊيول، فائل وغيره -- env.docTitle - /doc ذيلي صفحو -- env.sandboxTitle - /sandbox ذيلي صفحو -- env.testcasesTitle - /testcases ذيلي صفحو -- -- Data ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.protectionLevels - title object جي protection levels جدول -- env.subjectSpace - title جي subject namespace جو نمبر -- env.docSpace - ان namespace جو نمبر جنهن ۾ title پنهنجي documentation رکي ٿو -- env.docpageBase - /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحن جي base page جو متن، namespace سميت -- env.compareUrl - Special:ComparePages صفحي جو URL، جيڪو sandbox کي template سان ڀيٽي ٿو -- -- سڀئي table lookups pcall مان گذاريا وڃن ٿا ته جيئن غلطيون پڪڙجي سگهن. -- جيڪڏهن ڪا غلطي ٿئي، ته واپس ٿيندڙ قدر nil هوندي. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- metatable مقرر ڪريو. جيڪڏهن trigger ٿئي ته اسان envFuncs ٽيبل ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل -- فنڪشن سڏيون ٿا. ان فنڪشن طرفان واپس ڪيل قدر env ٽيبل ۾ memoize ڪئي وڃي ٿي، -- ته جيئن اسان ڪنهن به فنڪشن کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ ڀيرا نه سڏيون. (nil قدر memoize نه ٿيندا.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- قدر کي memoise ڪريو. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- موجوده صفحي جو title object، يا args.page سان موڪليل test page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- سانچي، يا ماڊيول وغيره جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- /doc ذيلي صفحي جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان مقرر ڪيل doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- /sandbox ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- /testcases ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- title object جي protection levels جدول. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- subject namespace نمبر. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- documentation namespace نمبر. گهڻن namespaces لاءِ اهو subject namespace -- جهڙو ئي هوندو آهي. پر Article، File، MediaWiki يا Category namespaces -- ۾ صفحن جا /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحا talk space ۾ هجڻ گهرجن. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases ذيلي صفحن جو base page. -- ڪجهه namespaces لاءِ اهو template page بدران talk page هوندو آهي. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- لنڪ گڏ ڪريو. docSpace ڪڏهن به main namespace نه هوندو، تنهنڪري colon hardcode ڪري سگهجي ٿو. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- [[Special:ComparePages]] استعمال ڪندي sandbox ۽ main template جي وچ ۾ diff link. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- معاون سانچا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. viewLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. editLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. historyLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. createLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p hydiv601g3atgnumgyd32cry88e3sun 377579 377578 2026-05-14T22:58:48Z Intisar Ali 8681 377579 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول {{documentation}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ -- گهربل ماڊيول حاصل ڪريو۔ local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- config ٽيبل حاصل ڪريو۔ local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- گهڻو استعمال ٿيندڙ فنڪشن local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- مددگار فنڪشن -- -- اهي local functions طور بيان ڪيون ويون آهن، پر جاچ جي مقصدن لاءِ -- p ٽيبل ۾ به موجود آهن۔ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- cfg ٽيبل مان پيغام حاصل ڪري ٿو ۽ ضرورت هجي ته ان کي فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔ -- جيڪڏهن cfg ٽيبل مان حاصل ڪيل قدر جو قسم expectType سان نه ملي، -- ته فنڪشن غلطي پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ expectType جي ڊفالٽ قيمت 'string' آهي۔ -- جيڪڏهن valArray ٽيبل موجود هجي، ته پيغام ۾ موجود $1، $2 وغيره -- valArray جي [1]، [2] وغيره مان مليل قدرن سان تبديل ڪيا ويندا۔ -- مثال طور، جيڪڏهن "foo-message" جو قدر 'Foo $2 bar $1.' هجي، -- ته message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) واپس ڪندو: -- "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ قسم جي غلطي (' .. expectType .. ' گهربل، پر ' .. type(msg) .. ' مليو)', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ key $' .. match .. ' لاءِ ڪا قدر نه ملي', 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- دليلن جي پروسيسنگ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- خالي جڳهون هٽايو۔ if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- داخلا جا نقطا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن ماڊيول جي منطقي وهڪري کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماحول جون ترتيبون ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- ماحول بابت ڄاڻ رکندڙ جدول واپس ڪري ٿو، جنهن ۾ title objects -- ۽ ٻيا namespace يا path سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا شامل آهن۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول -- -- Title objects ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.title - اهو صفحو جنهن لاءِ اسان دستاويز ٺاهي رهيا آهيون، عام طور موجوده title -- env.templateTitle - سانچو، يا ماڊيول، فائل وغيره -- env.docTitle - /doc ذيلي صفحو -- env.sandboxTitle - /sandbox ذيلي صفحو -- env.testcasesTitle - /testcases ذيلي صفحو -- -- Data ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.protectionLevels - title object جي protection levels جدول -- env.subjectSpace - title جي subject namespace جو نمبر -- env.docSpace - ان namespace جو نمبر جنهن ۾ title پنهنجي documentation رکي ٿو -- env.docpageBase - /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحن جي base page جو متن، namespace سميت -- env.compareUrl - Special:ComparePages صفحي جو URL، جيڪو sandbox کي template سان ڀيٽي ٿو -- -- سڀئي table lookups pcall مان گذاريا وڃن ٿا ته جيئن غلطيون پڪڙجي سگهن. -- جيڪڏهن ڪا غلطي ٿئي، ته واپس ٿيندڙ قدر nil هوندي. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- metatable مقرر ڪريو. جيڪڏهن trigger ٿئي ته اسان envFuncs ٽيبل ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل -- فنڪشن سڏيون ٿا. ان فنڪشن طرفان واپس ڪيل قدر env ٽيبل ۾ memoize ڪئي وڃي ٿي، -- ته جيئن اسان ڪنهن به فنڪشن کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ ڀيرا نه سڏيون. (nil قدر memoize نه ٿيندا.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- قدر کي memoise ڪريو. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- موجوده صفحي جو title object، يا args.page سان موڪليل test page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- سانچي، يا ماڊيول وغيره جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- /doc ذيلي صفحي جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان مقرر ڪيل doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- /sandbox ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- /testcases ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- title object جي protection levels جدول. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- subject namespace نمبر. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- documentation namespace نمبر. گهڻن namespaces لاءِ اهو subject namespace -- جهڙو ئي هوندو آهي. پر Article، File، MediaWiki يا Category namespaces -- ۾ صفحن جا /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحا talk space ۾ هجڻ گهرجن. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases ذيلي صفحن جو base page. -- ڪجهه namespaces لاءِ اهو template page بدران talk page هوندو آهي. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- لنڪ گڏ ڪريو. docSpace ڪڏهن به main namespace نه هوندو، تنهنڪري colon hardcode ڪري سگهجي ٿو. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- [[Special:ComparePages]] استعمال ڪندي sandbox ۽ main template جي وچ ۾ diff link. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- معاون سانچا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- جيڪڏهن ناڪام ٿئي ته اسان کي پرواهه ناهي local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- sandbox صفحن جي مٿان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ sandbox notice پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- {{ombox}} ڏانهن موڪلڻ لاءِ دليلن جي ٽيبل ٺاهيو. اسان کي صرف ٻه fields گهرجن: "image" ۽ "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- متن حاصل ڪريو. اسان شروعاتي عبارت سان شروع ڪريون ٿا، جيڪا ڪجهه هن طرح هوندي: -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- جيڪڏهن test cases صفحو موجود هجي ته ان جي عبارت حاصل ڪريو. اها ڪجهه هن طرح هوندي: -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- sandbox کي sandbox category ۾ شامل ڪريو. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- مٿي ساڄي پاسي padlock icon پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- صفحو edit-protected آهي. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- صفحو move-protected آهي، پر edit-protected نه آهي. "autoconfirmed" -- level واري move protection کي شامل نه ڪريو، ڇو ته اها اصل ۾ -- move protection نه هجڻ جي برابر آهي. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن start box پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- اصل ڪم p.makeStartBoxLinksData ۽ p.renderStartBoxLinks ڪن ٿا، جيڪي -- [view] [edit] [history] [purge] لنڪون ٺاهين ٿا؛ ۽ p.makeStartBoxData -- ۽ p.renderStartBox ڪن ٿا، جيڪي box HTML پيدا ڪن ٿا. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- جيڪڏهن documentation خود template page تي هجي ته links شامل ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ناهي. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- start box html پيدا ڪريو. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- استعمال ڪندڙ heading نه رکڻ جو چيو آهي. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- [view] [edit] [history] [purge] لنڪون ٺاهڻ لاءِ data جي شروعاتي processing ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- جيڪڏهن /doc موجود نه هجي ته create link ٺاهيو. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- جيڪڏهن /doc موجود هجي ته view، display، edit ۽ purge لنڪون. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- data جدول مان [view][edit][history][purge] يا [create][purge] لنڪون پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @data - p.makeStartBoxLinksData طرفان پيدا ڪيل data جي جدول --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- ها، اسان واقعي ان template page کي purge ڪرڻ چاهيون ٿا، جنهن تي documentation ظاهر ٿئي ٿي local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. viewLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. editLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. historyLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. createLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- start-box render function، p.renderStartBox، ڏانهن موڪلڻ لاءِ data جي شروعاتي processing ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment جدول جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- @links - اها string جنهن ۾ [view][edit][history][purge] لنڪون آهن؛ جيڪڏهن غلطي هجي ته nil ٿي سگهي ٿي. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- "other namespaces" namespace کي default طور استعمال ڪريو، ته جيئن -- جيڪڏهن غلطي ٿئي ته به گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ڪجهه output ملي. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- خالي قدرون نه هٽايون ويون آهن. if heading == '' then -- جيڪڏهن heading arg بيان ٿيل پر خالي هجي، ته start box نه ڏيکاريو. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- [view][edit][history][purge] يا [create] لنڪن لاءِ data. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- start box html render ڪري ٿو. -- @data - p.makeStartBoxData طرفان پيدا ڪيل data جي جدول. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p 8a0awe0oc4v9i1157j0n5358pa9d6q3 377580 377579 2026-05-14T23:10:57Z Intisar Ali 8681 377580 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول {{documentation}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ -- گهربل ماڊيول حاصل ڪريو۔ local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- config ٽيبل حاصل ڪريو۔ local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- گهڻو استعمال ٿيندڙ فنڪشن local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- مددگار فنڪشن -- -- اهي local functions طور بيان ڪيون ويون آهن، پر جاچ جي مقصدن لاءِ -- p ٽيبل ۾ به موجود آهن۔ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- cfg ٽيبل مان پيغام حاصل ڪري ٿو ۽ ضرورت هجي ته ان کي فارميٽ ڪري ٿو۔ -- جيڪڏهن cfg ٽيبل مان حاصل ڪيل قدر جو قسم expectType سان نه ملي، -- ته فنڪشن غلطي پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ expectType جي ڊفالٽ قيمت 'string' آهي۔ -- جيڪڏهن valArray ٽيبل موجود هجي، ته پيغام ۾ موجود $1، $2 وغيره -- valArray جي [1]، [2] وغيره مان مليل قدرن سان تبديل ڪيا ويندا۔ -- مثال طور، جيڪڏهن "foo-message" جو قدر 'Foo $2 bar $1.' هجي، -- ته message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) واپس ڪندو: -- "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ قسم جي غلطي (' .. expectType .. ' گهربل، پر ' .. type(msg) .. ' مليو)', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' ۾ key $' .. match .. ' لاءِ ڪا قدر نه ملي', 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- دليلن جي پروسيسنگ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- خالي جڳهون هٽايو۔ if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- داخلا جا نقطا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن ماڊيول جي منطقي وهڪري کي بيان ڪري ٿو۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماحول جون ترتيبون ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- ماحول بابت ڄاڻ رکندڙ جدول واپس ڪري ٿو، جنهن ۾ title objects -- ۽ ٻيا namespace يا path سان لاڳاپيل ڊيٽا شامل آهن۔ -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول -- -- Title objects ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.title - اهو صفحو جنهن لاءِ اسان دستاويز ٺاهي رهيا آهيون، عام طور موجوده title -- env.templateTitle - سانچو، يا ماڊيول، فائل وغيره -- env.docTitle - /doc ذيلي صفحو -- env.sandboxTitle - /sandbox ذيلي صفحو -- env.testcasesTitle - /testcases ذيلي صفحو -- -- Data ۾ شامل آهن: -- env.protectionLevels - title object جي protection levels جدول -- env.subjectSpace - title جي subject namespace جو نمبر -- env.docSpace - ان namespace جو نمبر جنهن ۾ title پنهنجي documentation رکي ٿو -- env.docpageBase - /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحن جي base page جو متن، namespace سميت -- env.compareUrl - Special:ComparePages صفحي جو URL، جيڪو sandbox کي template سان ڀيٽي ٿو -- -- سڀئي table lookups pcall مان گذاريا وڃن ٿا ته جيئن غلطيون پڪڙجي سگهن. -- جيڪڏهن ڪا غلطي ٿئي، ته واپس ٿيندڙ قدر nil هوندي. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- metatable مقرر ڪريو. جيڪڏهن trigger ٿئي ته اسان envFuncs ٽيبل ۾ موجود لاڳاپيل -- فنڪشن سڏيون ٿا. ان فنڪشن طرفان واپس ڪيل قدر env ٽيبل ۾ memoize ڪئي وڃي ٿي، -- ته جيئن اسان ڪنهن به فنڪشن کي هڪ کان وڌيڪ ڀيرا نه سڏيون. (nil قدر memoize نه ٿيندا.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- قدر کي memoise ڪريو. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- موجوده صفحي جو title object، يا args.page سان موڪليل test page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- سانچي، يا ماڊيول وغيره جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- /doc ذيلي صفحي جو title object. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان مقرر ڪيل doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- /sandbox ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- /testcases ذيلي صفحي لاءِ title object. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- title object جي protection levels جدول. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- subject namespace نمبر. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- documentation namespace نمبر. گهڻن namespaces لاءِ اهو subject namespace -- جهڙو ئي هوندو آهي. پر Article، File، MediaWiki يا Category namespaces -- ۾ صفحن جا /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases صفحا talk space ۾ هجڻ گهرجن. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- /doc، /sandbox ۽ /testcases ذيلي صفحن جو base page. -- ڪجهه namespaces لاءِ اهو template page بدران talk page هوندو آهي. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- لنڪ گڏ ڪريو. docSpace ڪڏهن به main namespace نه هوندو، تنهنڪري colon hardcode ڪري سگهجي ٿو. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- [[Special:ComparePages]] استعمال ڪندي sandbox ۽ main template جي وچ ۾ diff link. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- معاون سانچا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- جيڪڏهن ناڪام ٿئي ته اسان کي پرواهه ناهي local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- sandbox صفحن جي مٿان ڏيکارڻ لاءِ sandbox notice پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- {{ombox}} ڏانهن موڪلڻ لاءِ دليلن جي ٽيبل ٺاهيو. اسان کي صرف ٻه fields گهرجن: "image" ۽ "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- متن حاصل ڪريو. اسان شروعاتي عبارت سان شروع ڪريون ٿا، جيڪا ڪجهه هن طرح هوندي: -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- جيڪڏهن test cases صفحو موجود هجي ته ان جي عبارت حاصل ڪريو. اها ڪجهه هن طرح هوندي: -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- sandbox کي sandbox category ۾ شامل ڪريو. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- مٿي ساڄي پاسي padlock icon پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- صفحو edit-protected آهي. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- صفحو move-protected آهي، پر edit-protected نه آهي. "autoconfirmed" -- level واري move protection کي شامل نه ڪريو، ڇو ته اها اصل ۾ -- move protection نه هجڻ جي برابر آهي. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- هي فنڪشن start box پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- اصل ڪم p.makeStartBoxLinksData ۽ p.renderStartBoxLinks ڪن ٿا، جيڪي -- [view] [edit] [history] [purge] لنڪون ٺاهين ٿا؛ ۽ p.makeStartBoxData -- ۽ p.renderStartBox ڪن ٿا، جيڪي box HTML پيدا ڪن ٿا. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- جيڪڏهن documentation خود template page تي هجي ته links شامل ڪرڻ جي ضرورت ناهي. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- start box html پيدا ڪريو. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- استعمال ڪندڙ heading نه رکڻ جو چيو آهي. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- [view] [edit] [history] [purge] لنڪون ٺاهڻ لاءِ data جي شروعاتي processing ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- جيڪڏهن /doc موجود نه هجي ته create link ٺاهيو. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- جيڪڏهن /doc موجود هجي ته view، display، edit ۽ purge لنڪون. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- data جدول مان [view][edit][history][purge] يا [create][purge] لنڪون پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @data - p.makeStartBoxLinksData طرفان پيدا ڪيل data جي جدول --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- ها، اسان واقعي ان template page کي purge ڪرڻ چاهيون ٿا، جنهن تي documentation ظاهر ٿئي ٿي local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. viewLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. editLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. historyLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return "&#91;" .. createLink .. "&#93; &#91;" .. purgeLink .. "&#93;" end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- start-box render function، p.renderStartBox، ڏانهن موڪلڻ لاءِ data جي شروعاتي processing ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment جدول جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- @links - اها string جنهن ۾ [view][edit][history][purge] لنڪون آهن؛ جيڪڏهن غلطي هجي ته nil ٿي سگهي ٿي. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- "other namespaces" namespace کي default طور استعمال ڪريو، ته جيئن -- جيڪڏهن غلطي ٿئي ته به گهٽ ۾ گهٽ ڪجهه output ملي. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- خالي قدرون نه هٽايون ويون آهن. if heading == '' then -- جيڪڏهن heading arg بيان ٿيل پر خالي هجي، ته start box نه ڏيکاريو. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- [view][edit][history][purge] يا [create] لنڪن لاءِ data. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- start box html render ڪري ٿو. -- @data - p.makeStartBoxData طرفان پيدا ڪيل data جي جدول. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- دستاويزي مواد ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- documentation جو مواد ڏيکاري ٿو -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- هيٺ ڏنل line breaks ضروري آهن ته جيئن docs جي شروع ۽ آخر ۾ موجود -- "=== Headings ===" صحيح نموني سمجهيا وڃن. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- هي فنڪشن end box پيدا ڪري ٿو، جنهن کي link box پڻ چيو وڃي ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- --]=] -- environment data حاصل ڪريو. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- چيڪ ڪريو ته end box اصل ۾ ڏيکارڻ گهرجي يا نه. ڊفالٽ طور end -- box شامل ڪريو جيڪڏهن documentation موجود هجي يا اسان user، module يا template namespaces ۾ هجون. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- link box گڏ ڪريو. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- اسان user، template يا module namespaces ۾ آهيون. -- sandbox ۽ testcases لنڪون شامل ڪريو. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- inline docs يا واضح طور مقرر ڪيل doc page سان هي پيغام نه ڏيکاريو، -- ڇو ته پوءِ واضح ناهي ته زمرا ڪٿي شامل ڪيا وڃن. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- اها عبارت ٺاهي ٿو: "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc موجود آهي؛ ان ڏانهن لنڪ ڏيو. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc موجود نه آهي؛ ان کي ٺاهڻ لاءِ چئو. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- هي متن render ڪري ٿو: "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي جدول -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- لنڪون ٺاهيو. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- Modules لاءِ، جيڪڏهن testcases run link موجود هجي ته اهو شامل ڪريو if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- هي متن پيدا ڪري ٿو: "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment جدول جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- "Subpages of this template" لنڪ پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- @args - استعمال ڪندڙ طرفان موڪليل دليلن جي ٽيبل -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ٽريڪنگ زمرا ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- چيڪ ڪري ٿو ته {{documentation}} ڪنهن /doc يا /testcases صفحي تي transclude ٿيل آهي يا نه. -- @env - environment ٽيبل جنهن ۾ title objects وغيره شامل آهن، جيڪا p.getEnvironment سان ٺهي ٿي -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- module namespace ۾ /testcases صفحن کي categorize نه ڪيو ويو آهي، ڇو ته انهن ۾ -- {{documentation}} خودڪار طور transclude ٿيل ٿي سگهي ٿو. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p 6d5gxe64srchnaalbg1hrbyclyqsdo1 10 6830 377582 372211 2026-05-14T23:16:28Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377582 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lua banner|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{لوا|ماڊيول:Lua banner}} {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 5xe3hdtu826y9zpc8utxhq1q6v3pt1h 377584 377582 2026-05-14T23:19:35Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377584 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Lua|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{لوا|ماڊيول:Lua banner}} {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> qgwfsej4rh2gq1rsib97vga5ecewxji 828 7229 377535 357601 2026-05-14T20:41:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 377535 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماڊيول:Hatnote -- -- -- -- هي ماڊيول هيٽ نوٽ ڳنڍڻيون ۽ لاڳاپيل مضمونن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- -- اهو {{hatnote}} ۽ {{format link}} ميٽا-سانچن کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو ۽ ٻين Lua -- -- هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيولن لاءِ مددگار فنڪشن شامل ڪري ٿو. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- [[ماڊيول:Arguments]] کي سست طريقي سان شروع ڪري ٿو local yesno -- [[ماڊيول:Yesno]] کي سست طريقي سان شروع ڪري ٿو local formatLink -- [[ماڊيول:Format link]] ._formatLink کي سست طريقي سان شروع ڪري ٿو local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- مددگار فنڪشن -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- parent frame مان آرگومينٽ وٺي ٿو. خالي جڳهون ڪٽيون وڃن ٿيون ۽ -- خالي آرگومينٽ هٽايا وڃن ٿا. mArguments = require('ماڊيول:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- جيڪڏهن موجود هجي ته string مان شروعاتي colon هٽائي ٿو. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end function p.defaultClasses(inline) -- ڊفالٽ هيٽ نوٽ classes کي space-separated string طور مهيا ڪري ٿو؛ -- [[ماڊيول:Hatnote group]] جهڙن هيٽ نوٽ سنڀاليندڙ ماڊيولن لاءِ مفيد. return (inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' .. 'navigation-not-searchable' end function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator) -- صفحي جي عنوان کي ابهام سلجهائپ واري parenthetical سان format ڪري ٿو، -- يعني "Example" → "Example (disambiguation)". checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string') checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true) disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation' return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator) end function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- ڪنهن ڳنڍڻي يا صفحي جي نالي جو namespace id (namespace number) ڳولي ٿو. -- هي فنڪشن ڪم نه ڪندو جيڪڏهن ڳنڍڻي double brackets ۾ بند ٿيل هجي. -- ڊفالٽ طور ڳنڍڻي جي شروعات مان colons ڪٽيا وڃن ٿا. colon ڪٽڻ کان -- بچڻ لاءِ removeColon پيراميٽر کي false مقرر ڪريو. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title) -- error پيغام کي wikitext ڏانهن واپس ڪرڻ لاءِ format ڪري ٿو. جيڪڏهن -- addTrackingCategory، [[ماڊيول:Yesno]] مان واپس اچڻ بعد false نه هجي، -- ۽ جيڪڏهن اسان talk page تي نه هجون، ته tracking category شامل ڪئي وڃي ٿي. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('ماڊيول:Yesno') title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- مدد واري ڳنڍڻي جو متن ٺاهيو. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|مدد]])' else helpText = '' end -- زمري جو متن ٺاهيو. local category if not title.isTalkPage -- talk pages کي زمرو بندي نه ڪريو and title.namespace ~= 2 -- userspace کي زمرو بندي نه ڪريو and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- opt out جي اجازت ڏيو then category = 'غلطين وارا هيٽ نوٽ سانچا' category = mw.ustring.format( '[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<strong class="error">غلطي: %s%s.</strong>%s', msg, helpText, category ) end local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.missingTargetCat = -- ڊفالٽ missing target category، لاڳاپيل ماڊيولن ۾ استعمال لاءِ export ٿيل ((curNs == 0) or (curNs == 14)) and 'اهڙا مضمون جن ۾ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا غير موجود صفحي کي نشانو بڻائن ٿا' or nil function p.quote(title) -- عنوانن کي quotation marks ۾ wrap ڪري ٿو. جيڪڏهن عنوان quotation -- mark سان شروع/ختم ٿئي، ته انهي پاسي کي {{-'}} وانگر kern ڪري ٿو. local quotationMarks = { ["'"]=true, ['"']=true, ['“']=true, ["‘"]=true, ['”']=true, ["’"]=true } local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- جانچيو ته شروعات/پڇاڙي quotation marks آهن يا نه quotationMarks[string.sub(title, 1, 1)], quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)] if quoteLeft or quoteRight then title = mw.html.create("span"):wikitext(title) end if quoteLeft then title:css("padding-left", "0.15em") end if quoteRight then title:css("padding-right", "0.15em") end return '"' .. tostring(title) .. '"' end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- هيٽ نوٽ -- -- معياري هيٽ نوٽ متن پيدا ڪري ٿو. {{hatnote}} سانچي کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p[''] = function (frame) return p.hatnote(frame:newChild{ title = "سانچو:Hatnote" }) end function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'ڪو به متن مقرر نه ڪيو ويو', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end return p._hatnote(s, { extraclasses = args.extraclasses, selfref = args.selfref }) end function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local inline = options.inline local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div') local extraclasses if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then extraclasses = options.extraclasses end hatnote :attr('role', 'note') :addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline)) :addClass(extraclasses) :addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil) :wikitext(s) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' } } .. tostring(hatnote) end return p ih0wdszb7tceds7tjarcjvqkut1him3 10 14583 377560 371497 2026-05-14T21:52:20Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sister project | position = {{{position|}}} | project = data | text = هي {{module other|ماڊيول|سانچو}} {{#if:{{{section|}}} | هڪ يا وڌيڪ [[وڪيڊيٽا]] خاصيتون استعمال ڪري ٿو؛ وڌيڪ تفصيل لاءِ {{Section link||{{{section}}}}} ڏسو. | [[وڪيڊيٽا]] جي هيٺين خاصيت{{#if:{{{2|}}}|ون|}} استعمال ڪري ٿو: {{#invoke:Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}} }}}}<includeonly>{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}} |sandbox |testcases |doc= <!--ڪو زمرو نه--> |#default={{module other |[[زمرو:ماڊيول جيڪي وڪيڊيٽا مان ڊيٽا استعمال ڪن ٿا]] |{{template other |[[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي وڪيڊيٽا مان ڊيٽا استعمال ڪن ٿا]]}} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي تي شامل ڪريو --> </noinclude> r26t3abqdjawcb6hhgnow09xjnpr5lb 828 14765 377586 377352 2026-05-15T00:28:03Z Intisar Ali 8681 377586 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Module:Convert]] پاران استعمال ٿيندڙ تبديليءَ وارو ڊيٽا، جيڪو mw.loadData() استعمال ڪري ٿو -- ھن ماڊيول تائين فقط پڙھڻ واري رسائي لاءِ، جيئن ھر صفحي تي ھي صرف ھڪ ڀيرو لوڊ ٿئي. -- ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪرڻ لاءِ [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] ڏسو. -- -- ھيٺيان ڊيٽا ٽيبلون شامل آھن: -- all_units ڪنھن به يونٽ جون سڀئي خاصيتون، ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ سميت -- default_exceptions ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جا ڊفالٽ مختلف آھن) -- link_exceptions ڳنڍڻين جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جون ڳنڍڻيون مختلف آھن) -- -- ھي ٽيبلون ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿين ٿيون، جيڪو ھڪ صفحي جي وڪي متن کي پڙھي ٿو -- جيڪو ھر يونٽ جي گھربل خاصيتن جي دستاويزڪاري ڪري ٿو؛ [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]] ڏسو. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ھن ٽيبل جي ڊيٽا ۾ تبديلي نه ڪريو ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اھا ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿئي ٿي -- -- جيڪو وڪي صفحي مان وڪي متن پڙھي ٿو (مٿيون نوٽ ڏسو). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "گِرَي", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rad", link = "Gray (unit)", }, ["rad"] = { _name1 = "رَيڊ", _symbol = "rad", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "Rad (unit)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "Gal (unit)", }, ["ft/s2"] = { name1 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "معياري ڪشش ثقل", name2 = "معياري ڪشش ثقلون", symbol = "''g''₀", utype = "acceleration", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["g-force"] = { name2 = "''g''", symbol = "''g''", utype = "acceleration", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", link = "g-force", }, ["km/hs"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/s2"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["m/s2"] = { name1 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/s"] = { name1 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["standard gravity"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000sqft"] = { name1 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", name2 = "ھزار ھم چورس فٽ", symbol = "1000 sq ft", utype = "area", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "Square foot", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "ايراضي", _symbol = "a", utype = "area", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "sqft", link = "Hectare#Are", }, ["acre"] = { symbol = "acre", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["rood"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["sqperch"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["acre-sing"] = { target = "acre", }, ["arpent"] = { symbol = "arpent", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "ڪويردا", symbol = "cda", utype = "area", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "ڊَيڪَر", symbol = "daa", utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunam"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunum"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Dunam", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["hectare"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["Irish acre"] = { name1 = "آئرش ايڪڙ", symbol = "Irish&nbsp;acres", utype = "area", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "Acre (Irish)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "چورس ميٽر", _name1_us= "چورس ميٽر", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "area", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "sqft", link = "Square metre", }, ["pondemaat"] = { name1 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", name2 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽَ", symbol = "پونڊ", utype = "area", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:pondemaat", }, ["pyeong"] = { name2 = "پِيَونگ", symbol = "پِيَونگ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["rai"] = { name2 = "رائي", symbol = "رائي", utype = "area", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "Rai (unit)", }, ["rood"] = { symbol = "رُوڊ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "sqft m2", subdivs = { ["sqperch"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "Rood (unit)", }, ["sqfoot"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ", name2 = "چورس فٽ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqft"] = { name1 = "چورس فُٽُ", name2 = "چورس فُٽَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqin"] = { name1 = "چورس اِنچُ", name2 = "چورس اِنچَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;انچ", utype = "area", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["sqmi"] = { name1 = "چورس ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;ميل", utype = "area", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "km2", }, ["sqnmi"] = { name1 = "square nautical mile", symbol = "sq&nbsp;nmi", utype = "area", scale = 3429904, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["sqperch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "Rod (unit)#Area and volume", }, ["sqverst"] = { symbol = "square verst", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1138062.24, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Verst", }, ["sqyd"] = { name1 = "square yard", symbol = "sq&nbsp;yd", utype = "area", scale = 0.83612736, default = "m2", }, ["tsubo"] = { name2 = "tsubo", symbol = "tsubo", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Area", }, ["acres"] = { target = "acre", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["decare"] = { target = "daa", }, ["foot2"] = { target = "sqfoot", }, ["ft2"] = { target = "sqft", symbol = "ft²", }, ["in2"] = { target = "sqin", symbol = "in²", }, ["km²"] = { target = "km2", }, ["mi2"] = { target = "sqmi", symbol = "mi²", }, ["million acre"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million acres"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million hectares"] = { target = "e6ha", }, ["m²"] = { target = "m2", }, ["nmi2"] = { target = "sqnmi", }, ["pond"] = { target = "pondemaat", }, ["sq arp"] = { target = "arpent", }, ["sqkm"] = { target = "km2", }, ["sqm"] = { target = "m2", }, ["square verst"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["verst2"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["yd2"] = { target = "sqyd", symbol = "yd²", }, ["m2/ha"] = { name1 = "square metre per hectare", name1_us = "square meter per hectare", name2 = "square metres per hectare", name2_us = "square meters per hectare", symbol = "m²/ha", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "sqft/acre", link = "Basal area", }, ["sqft/acre"] = { name1 = "square foot per acre", name2 = "square feet per acre", symbol = "sq&nbsp;ft/acre", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ha", link = "Basal area", }, ["cent"] = { name1 = "cent", symbol = "¢", utype = "cent", scale = 1, default = "cent", link = "Cent (currency)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "cent", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ampere hour", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "charge", scale = 3600, default = "coulomb", }, ["coulomb"] = { _name1 = "coulomb", _symbol = "C", utype = "charge", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "Coulomb", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "elementary charge", symbol = "''e''", utype = "charge", scale = 1.602176634e-19, default = "coulomb", }, ["g-mol"] = { name1 = "gram-mole", symbol = "g&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol"] = { name1 = "gram-mole", symbol = "gmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol"] = { name1 = "kilomole", symbol = "kmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1000, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol"] = { name1 = "pound-mole", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["lbmol"] = { name1 = "pound-mole", symbol = "lbmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["mol"] = { name1 = "mole", symbol = "mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kgCO2/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/USgal", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kgCO2/L", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/lb"] = { per = { "oz", "lb" }, utype = "concentration", default = "mg/kg", }, ["mg/kg"] = { per = { "mg", "kg" }, utype = "concentration", default = "oz/lb", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "gram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "gram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "grams per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "grams per cubic decimeter", symbol = "g/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["g/L"] = { name1 = "gram per litre", name1_us = "gram per liter", name2 = "grams per litre", name2_us = "grams per liter", symbol = "g/L", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/mL"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/mL", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/ml"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/ml", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["kg/dm3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic decimeter", symbol = "kg/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuft", link = "Density", }, ["kg/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/L", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/l", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/m3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic metre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic meter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic metre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic meter", symbol = "kg/m³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuft"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic foot", name2 = "pounds per cubic foot", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "density", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic yard", name2 = "pounds per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "pound per imperial gallon", name2 = "pounds per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "pound per U.S. gallon", name2 = "pounds per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "pound per US bushel", name2 = "pounds per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound mass per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176634e-19, prefixes = 1, default = "aJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.332123310014, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", defkey = "eVpar", linkey = "eVpar", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 1.3263314048360777e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 2326, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "ll" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "ll" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "ll", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "ll", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["rpm"] = { name1 = "revolution per minute", name2 = "revolutions per minute", symbol = "rpm", utype = "length", scale = 5.5594015866358675e-11, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "Hz", link = "Revolutions per minute", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["100mi"] = { target = "mi", multiplier= 100, }, ["100miles"] = { target = "mi", symbol = "miles", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["inches"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Units", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["Da"] = { _name1 = "dalton", _symbol = "Da", utype = "mass", scale = 1.66053906892e-27, prefixes = 1, default = "kg", link = "Dalton (unit)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { name1_us = "deadweight metric ton", symbol = "deadweight tonne", sym_us = "~deadweight metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Long quarter", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["grain"] = { target = "gr", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/L"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/L", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/L", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie (unit)", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11604518.121550081, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", defkey = "keVT", linkey = "keVT", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v < 7200 ! min ! h", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["sec"] = { target = "s", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kpm"] = { name1 = "kilopond metre", name1_us = "kilopond meter", symbol = "kp⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton-metre", name1_us = "millinewton-meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton-metre", _name1_us= "newton-meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["ton-mile"] = { symbol = "ton-mile", usename = 1, utype = "transportation", scale = 1.4599723182105602, default = "tkm", }, ["tkm"] = { name1 = "tonne-kilometre", name1_us = "tonne-kilometer", symbol = "tkm", utype = "transportation", scale = 1, default = "ton-mile", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre-foot"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre-ft"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "L impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "L USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "L", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "L impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["ll"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, default = "impgal USgal", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["tmcft"] = { name2 = "tmcft", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", }, ["Tmcft"] = { name1 = "thousand million cubic feet", name2 = "thousand million cubic feet", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", link = "Tmcft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "L", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "L impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "L impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "L imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "L", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", symbol = "ft³", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["hm³"] = { target = "hm3", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", symbol = "mi³", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", symbol = "yd³", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miyd"] = { combination= { "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["eV"] = "aJ", ["feV"] = "yJ", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GeV"] = "nJ", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["keV"] = "fJ", ["MeV"] = "pJ", ["meV"] = "zJ", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["neV"] = "yJ", ["PeV"] = "mJ", ["peV"] = "yJ", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TeV"] = "μJ", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["μeV"] = "yJ", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["GJ"] = "Gigajoule", ["TJ"] = "Terajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } 844hbhhskbgntmdqc62pvzhv0aq6inc 377587 377586 2026-05-15T01:05:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 377587 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Module:Convert]] پاران استعمال ٿيندڙ تبديليءَ وارو ڊيٽا، جيڪو mw.loadData() استعمال ڪري ٿو -- ھن ماڊيول تائين فقط پڙھڻ واري رسائي لاءِ، جيئن ھر صفحي تي ھي صرف ھڪ ڀيرو لوڊ ٿئي. -- ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪرڻ لاءِ [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] ڏسو. -- -- ھيٺيان ڊيٽا ٽيبلون شامل آھن: -- all_units ڪنھن به يونٽ جون سڀئي خاصيتون، ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ سميت -- default_exceptions ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جا ڊفالٽ مختلف آھن) -- link_exceptions ڳنڍڻين جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جون ڳنڍڻيون مختلف آھن) -- -- ھي ٽيبلون ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿين ٿيون، جيڪو ھڪ صفحي جي وڪي متن کي پڙھي ٿو -- جيڪو ھر يونٽ جي گھربل خاصيتن جي دستاويزڪاري ڪري ٿو؛ [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]] ڏسو. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ھن ٽيبل جي ڊيٽا ۾ تبديلي نه ڪريو ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اھا ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿئي ٿي -- -- جيڪو وڪي صفحي مان وڪي متن پڙھي ٿو (مٿيون نوٽ ڏسو). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "گِرَي", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rad", link = "Gray (unit)", }, ["rad"] = { _name1 = "رَيڊ", _symbol = "rad", utype = "absorbed radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "Rad (unit)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "Gal (unit)", }, ["ft/s2"] = { name1 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "معياري ڪشش ثقل", name2 = "معياري ڪشش ثقلون", symbol = "''g''₀", utype = "acceleration", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["g-force"] = { name2 = "''g''", symbol = "''g''", utype = "acceleration", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", link = "g-force", }, ["km/hs"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/s2"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "Acceleration", }, ["m/s2"] = { name1 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "acceleration", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/s"] = { name1 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "acceleration", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "Acceleration", }, ["km/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["standard gravity"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000sqft"] = { name1 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", name2 = "ھزار ھم چورس فٽ", symbol = "1000 sq ft", utype = "area", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "Square foot", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "ايراضي", _symbol = "a", utype = "area", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "sqft", link = "Hectare#Are", }, ["acre"] = { symbol = "acre", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["rood"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["sqperch"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["acre-sing"] = { target = "acre", }, ["arpent"] = { symbol = "arpent", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "ڪويردا", symbol = "cda", utype = "area", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "ڊَيڪَر", symbol = "daa", utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunam"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["dunum"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Dunam", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["hectare"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 10000, default = "acre", }, ["Irish acre"] = { name1 = "آئرش ايڪڙ", symbol = "Irish&nbsp;acres", utype = "area", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "Acre (Irish)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "چورس ميٽر", _name1_us= "چورس ميٽر", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "area", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "sqft", link = "Square metre", }, ["pondemaat"] = { name1 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", name2 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽَ", symbol = "پونڊ", utype = "area", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:pondemaat", }, ["pyeong"] = { name2 = "پِيَونگ", symbol = "پِيَونگ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["rai"] = { name2 = "رائي", symbol = "رائي", utype = "area", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "Rai (unit)", }, ["rood"] = { symbol = "رُوڊ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "sqft m2", subdivs = { ["sqperch"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "Rood (unit)", }, ["sqfoot"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ", name2 = "چورس فٽ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqft"] = { name1 = "چورس فُٽُ", name2 = "چورس فُٽَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "area", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["sqin"] = { name1 = "چورس اِنچُ", name2 = "چورس اِنچَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;انچ", utype = "area", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["sqmi"] = { name1 = "چورس ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;ميل", utype = "area", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "km2", }, ["sqnmi"] = { name1 = "چورس ناٽيڪل ميل", symbol = "sq&nbsp;nmi", utype = "area", scale = 3429904, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["sqperch"] = { name2 = "پَرچَ", symbol = "پَرچُ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "Rod (unit)#Area and volume", }, ["sqverst"] = { symbol = "چورس ويرسٽ", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 1138062.24, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "Verst", }, ["sqyd"] = { name1 = "چورس گز", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;گز", utype = "area", scale = 0.83612736, default = "m2", }, ["tsubo"] = { name2 = "ٽُسُوبَو", symbol = "ٽُسُوبَو", usename = 1, utype = "area", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Area", }, ["acres"] = { target = "acre", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["decare"] = { target = "daa", }, ["foot2"] = { target = "sqfoot", }, ["ft2"] = { target = "sqft", symbol = "ft²", }, ["in2"] = { target = "چ.انچ", symbol = "in²", }, ["km²"] = { target = "km2", }, ["mi2"] = { target = "sqmi", symbol = "mi²", }, ["million acre"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million acres"] = { target = "e6acre", }, ["million hectares"] = { target = "e6ha", }, ["m²"] = { target = "m2", }, ["nmi2"] = { target = "sqnmi", }, ["pond"] = { target = "pondemaat", }, ["sq arp"] = { target = "arpent", }, ["sqkm"] = { target = "km2", }, ["sqm"] = { target = "m2", }, ["square verst"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["verst2"] = { target = "sqverst", }, ["yd2"] = { target = "sqyd", symbol = "yd²", }, ["m2/ha"] = { name1 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name1_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", symbol = "m²/ha", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "sqft/acre", link = "Basal area", }, ["sqft/acre"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", name2 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ/ايڪڙ", utype = "area per unit area", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ha", link = "Basal area", }, ["cent"] = { name1 = "سينٽ", symbol = "¢", utype = "cent", scale = 1, default = "cent", link = "Cent (currency)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "cent", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "charge", scale = 3600, default = "coulomb", }, ["coulomb"] = { _name1 = "ڪولمب", _symbol = "C", utype = "charge", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "Coulomb", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "ايليميٽري چارج", symbol = "''e''", utype = "charge", scale = 1.602176634e-19, default = "coulomb", }, ["g-mol"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "g&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "gmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol"] = { name1 = "ڪلومول", symbol = "kmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1000, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["lbmol"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lbmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["mol"] = { name1 = "مول", symbol = "مول", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kgCO2/L"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", name2 ="ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/USgal", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/USgal"] = { name1 = "پَائُونڊُ في آمريڪي گئلن", name2 = "پَائُونڊَ في آمريڪي گئلن", symbol = "lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kgCO2/L", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/lb"] = { per = { "oz", "lb" }, utype = "concentration", default = "mg/kg", }, ["mg/kg"] = { per = { "mg", "kg" }, utype = "concentration", default = "oz/lb", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", symbol = "g/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["g/L"] = { name1 = "گرامُ گيث لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في لٽر", symbol = "g/L", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/mL"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", symbol = "g/mL", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/ml"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/ml", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["kg/dm3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic decimeter", symbol = "kg/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuft", link = "Density", }, ["kg/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/L", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/l", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/m3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic metre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic meter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic metre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic meter", symbol = "kg/m³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuft"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic foot", name2 = "pounds per cubic foot", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "density", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic yard", name2 = "pounds per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "pound per imperial gallon", name2 = "pounds per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "pound per U.S. gallon", name2 = "pounds per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "pound per US bushel", name2 = "pounds per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound mass per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176634e-19, prefixes = 1, default = "aJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.332123310014, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", defkey = "eVpar", linkey = "eVpar", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 1.3263314048360777e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 2326, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "ll" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "ll" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "ll", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "ll", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["rpm"] = { name1 = "revolution per minute", name2 = "revolutions per minute", symbol = "rpm", utype = "length", scale = 5.5594015866358675e-11, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "Hz", link = "Revolutions per minute", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["100mi"] = { target = "mi", multiplier= 100, }, ["100miles"] = { target = "mi", symbol = "miles", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["inches"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Units", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["Da"] = { _name1 = "dalton", _symbol = "Da", utype = "mass", scale = 1.66053906892e-27, prefixes = 1, default = "kg", link = "Dalton (unit)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { name1_us = "deadweight metric ton", symbol = "deadweight tonne", sym_us = "~deadweight metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Long quarter", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["grain"] = { target = "gr", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/L"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/L", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/L", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie (unit)", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11604518.121550081, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", defkey = "keVT", linkey = "keVT", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v < 7200 ! min ! h", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["sec"] = { target = "s", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kpm"] = { name1 = "kilopond metre", name1_us = "kilopond meter", symbol = "kp⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton-metre", name1_us = "millinewton-meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton-metre", _name1_us= "newton-meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["ton-mile"] = { symbol = "ton-mile", usename = 1, utype = "transportation", scale = 1.4599723182105602, default = "tkm", }, ["tkm"] = { name1 = "tonne-kilometre", name1_us = "tonne-kilometer", symbol = "tkm", utype = "transportation", scale = 1, default = "ton-mile", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre-foot"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre-ft"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "L impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "L USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "L", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "L impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["ll"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, default = "impgal USgal", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["tmcft"] = { name2 = "tmcft", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", }, ["Tmcft"] = { name1 = "thousand million cubic feet", name2 = "thousand million cubic feet", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", link = "Tmcft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "L", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "L impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "L impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "L imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "L", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", symbol = "ft³", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["hm³"] = { target = "hm3", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", symbol = "mi³", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", symbol = "yd³", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miyd"] = { combination= { "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["eV"] = "aJ", ["feV"] = "yJ", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GeV"] = "nJ", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["keV"] = "fJ", ["MeV"] = "pJ", ["meV"] = "zJ", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["neV"] = "yJ", ["PeV"] = "mJ", ["peV"] = "yJ", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TeV"] = "μJ", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["μeV"] = "yJ", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["GJ"] = "Gigajoule", ["TJ"] = "Terajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } 3ofafa8rvgilmraio7xac5j6kirqwgg 377588 377587 2026-05-15T01:59:12Z Intisar Ali 8681 377588 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Module:Convert]] پاران استعمال ٿيندڙ تبديليءَ وارو ڊيٽا، جيڪو mw.loadData() استعمال ڪري ٿو -- ھن ماڊيول تائين فقط پڙھڻ واري رسائي لاءِ، جيئن ھر صفحي تي ھي صرف ھڪ ڀيرو لوڊ ٿئي. -- ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪرڻ لاءِ [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] ڏسو. -- -- ھيٺيان ڊيٽا ٽيبلون شامل آھن: -- all_units ڪنھن به يونٽ جون سڀئي خاصيتون، ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ سميت -- default_exceptions ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جا ڊفالٽ مختلف آھن) -- link_exceptions ڳنڍڻين جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جون ڳنڍڻيون مختلف آھن) -- -- ھي ٽيبلون ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿين ٿيون، جيڪو ھڪ صفحي جي وڪي متن کي پڙھي ٿو -- جيڪو ھر يونٽ جي گھربل خاصيتن جي دستاويزڪاري ڪري ٿو؛ [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]] ڏسو. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ھن ٽيبل جي ڊيٽا ۾ تبديلي نه ڪريو ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اھا ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿئي ٿي -- -- جيڪو وڪي صفحي مان وڪي متن پڙھي ٿو (مٿيون نوٽ ڏسو). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "گِرَي", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "رَيڊ", link = "گِرَي (ايڪو)", }, ["rad"] = { _name1 = "رَيڊ", _symbol = "رَيڊ", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "رَيڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "گيل (ايڪو)", }, ["ft/s2"] = { name1 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "فٽ في ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "معياري ڪشش ثقل", name2 = "معياري ڪشش ثقلون", symbol = "''g''₀", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["g-فورس"] = { name2 = "''g''", symbol = "''g''", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", link = "g-فورس", }, ["km/hs"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["km/s2"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["m/s2"] = { name1 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/s"] = { name1 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "تيزي", }, ["km/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["معياري ڪشش ثقل"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", name2 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", symbol = "1000 چ.فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "چورس فٽ", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "ايراضي", _symbol = "a", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "ھيڪٽر#ايڪڙ", }, ["ايڪڙ"] = { symbol = "ايڪڙ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["رُوڊ"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["acre-sing"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آرپينٽ"] = { symbol = "آرپينٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "ڪويردا", symbol = "cda", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "ڊَيڪَر", symbol = "daa", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "دُونَم", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["هَيڪٽَر"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آئرش ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "آئرش ايڪڙ", symbol = "آئرش&nbsp;اَيڪَڙَ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "ايڪڙ (آئرش)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "چورس ميٽر", _name1_us= "چورس ميٽر", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "چورس ميٽر", }, ["پَونڊِيمَاٽُ"] = { name1 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", name2 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽَ", symbol = "پونڊ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["پِيَونگ"] = { name2 = "پِيَونگ", symbol = "پِيَونگ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["رائي"] = { name2 = "رائي", symbol = "رائي", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "رائي (ايڪو)", }, ["رُوڊ"] = { symbol = "رُوڊ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "sqft m2", subdivs = { ["چ.پرچ"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ", name2 = "چورس فٽ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فُٽُ", name2 = "چورس فُٽَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { name1 = "چورس اِنچُ", name2 = "چورس اِنچَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;انچ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { name1 = "چورس ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;ميل", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["sqnmi"] = { name1 = "چورس ناٽيڪل ميل", symbol = "sq&nbsp;nmi", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3429904, default = "چ.ڪ م چ.ميل", link = "ناٽيڪل ميل", }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { name2 = "پَرچَ", symbol = "پَرچُ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { symbol = "چورس ويرسٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1138062.24, default = "چ.ڪ م sqmi", link = "ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { name1 = "چورس گز", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;گز", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.83612736, default = "چ.ميل", }, ["ٽُسُوبَو"] = { name2 = "ٽُسُوبَو", symbol = "ٽُسُوبَو", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "چ.ميل", link = "جپاني ماپ جو ايڪو#ايراصي", }, ["اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["ڊيڪر"] = { target = "daa", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", symbol = "فٽ²", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { target = "چ.انچ", symbol = "انچ²", }, ["ڪ م²"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", symbol = "ميل²", }, ["ملين ايڪڙ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين ھيڪٽر"] = { target = "e6ھيڪٽر", }, ["ميل²"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["nmi2"] = { target = "sqnmi", }, ["پونڊ"] = { target = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["چ. آرپ"] = { target = "آرپينٽ", }, ["چ.ڪ م"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["چورس ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { target = "چ.گز", symbol = "گز²", }, ["چ.ميٽر/ھيڪٽر"] = { name1 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name1_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", symbol = "ميٽر²/ھيڪٽر", utype = "ايراضي في يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 0.0001, default = "چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", name2 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ/ايڪڙ", utype = "ايراضي في يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ha", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["سينٽ"] = { name1 = "سينٽ", symbol = "¢", utype = "سينٽ", scale = 1, default = "سينٽ", link = "سينٽ (ڪرنسي)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "سينٽ", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "چارج", scale = 3600, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["ڪولمب"] = { _name1 = "ڪولمب", _symbol = "C", utype = "چارج", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "ڪولمب", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "ايليميٽري چارج", symbol = "''e''", utype = "چارج", scale = 1.602176634e-19, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["g-مول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "g&#8209;مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["gمول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "gمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (سيڪو)", }, ["kمول"] = { name1 = "ڪلومول", symbol = "kمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1000, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["lb-mol"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["lbmol"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lbmol", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 453.59237, default = "mol", }, ["mol"] = { name1 = "مول", symbol = "مول", utype = "chemical amount", scale = 1, default = "lbmol", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kgCO2/L"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", name2 ="ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/USgal", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/USgal"] = { name1 = "پَائُونڊُ في آمريڪي گئلن", name2 = "پَائُونڊَ في آمريڪي گئلن", symbol = "lbCO2/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "co2 per unit volume", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kgCO2/L", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/lb"] = { per = { "oz", "lb" }, utype = "concentration", default = "mg/kg", }, ["mg/kg"] = { per = { "mg", "kg" }, utype = "concentration", default = "oz/lb", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", symbol = "g/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["g/L"] = { name1 = "گرامُ گيث لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في لٽر", symbol = "g/L", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/mL"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", symbol = "g/mL", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["g/ml"] = { name1 = "gram per millilitre", name1_us = "gram per milliliter", name2 = "grams per millilitre", name2_us = "grams per milliliter", symbol = "g/ml", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["kg/dm3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic decimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic decimeter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic decimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic decimeter", symbol = "kg/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuft", link = "Density", }, ["kg/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/L", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "kilogram per litre", name1_us = "kilogram per liter", name2 = "kilograms per litre", name2_us = "kilograms per liter", symbol = "kg/l", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/m3"] = { name1 = "kilogram per cubic metre", name1_us = "kilogram per cubic meter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic metre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic meter", symbol = "kg/m³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuft"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic foot", name2 = "pounds per cubic foot", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "density", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic yard", name2 = "pounds per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "pound per imperial gallon", name2 = "pounds per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "pound per U.S. gallon", name2 = "pounds per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "pound per US bushel", name2 = "pounds per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound mass per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176634e-19, prefixes = 1, default = "aJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.332123310014, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", defkey = "eVpar", linkey = "eVpar", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 1.3263314048360777e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 2326, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "ll" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "ll" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "ll", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "ll", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["rpm"] = { name1 = "revolution per minute", name2 = "revolutions per minute", symbol = "rpm", utype = "length", scale = 5.5594015866358675e-11, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "Hz", link = "Revolutions per minute", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["100mi"] = { target = "mi", multiplier= 100, }, ["100miles"] = { target = "mi", symbol = "miles", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["inches"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Units", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["Da"] = { _name1 = "dalton", _symbol = "Da", utype = "mass", scale = 1.66053906892e-27, prefixes = 1, default = "kg", link = "Dalton (unit)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { name1_us = "deadweight metric ton", symbol = "deadweight tonne", sym_us = "~deadweight metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Long quarter", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["grain"] = { target = "gr", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/L"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/L", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/L", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie (unit)", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11604518.121550081, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", defkey = "keVT", linkey = "keVT", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v < 7200 ! min ! h", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["sec"] = { target = "s", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kpm"] = { name1 = "kilopond metre", name1_us = "kilopond meter", symbol = "kp⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton-metre", name1_us = "millinewton-meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton-metre", _name1_us= "newton-meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["ton-mile"] = { symbol = "ton-mile", usename = 1, utype = "transportation", scale = 1.4599723182105602, default = "tkm", }, ["tkm"] = { name1 = "tonne-kilometre", name1_us = "tonne-kilometer", symbol = "tkm", utype = "transportation", scale = 1, default = "ton-mile", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre-foot"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre-ft"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "L impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "L USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "L", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "L impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["ll"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, default = "impgal USgal", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["tmcft"] = { name2 = "tmcft", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", }, ["Tmcft"] = { name1 = "thousand million cubic feet", name2 = "thousand million cubic feet", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", link = "Tmcft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "L", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "L impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "L impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "L imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "L", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", symbol = "ft³", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["hm³"] = { target = "hm3", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", symbol = "mi³", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", symbol = "yd³", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miyd"] = { combination= { "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["eV"] = "aJ", ["feV"] = "yJ", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GeV"] = "nJ", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["keV"] = "fJ", ["MeV"] = "pJ", ["meV"] = "zJ", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["neV"] = "yJ", ["PeV"] = "mJ", ["peV"] = "yJ", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TeV"] = "μJ", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["μeV"] = "yJ", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["GJ"] = "Gigajoule", ["TJ"] = "Terajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } hxvhjyl43m2cj0fvpmtm1jok6qs535g 377589 377588 2026-05-15T02:21:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 377589 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Module:Convert]] پاران استعمال ٿيندڙ تبديليءَ وارو ڊيٽا، جيڪو mw.loadData() استعمال ڪري ٿو -- ھن ماڊيول تائين فقط پڙھڻ واري رسائي لاءِ، جيئن ھر صفحي تي ھي صرف ھڪ ڀيرو لوڊ ٿئي. -- ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪرڻ لاءِ [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] ڏسو. -- -- ھيٺيان ڊيٽا ٽيبلون شامل آھن: -- all_units ڪنھن به يونٽ جون سڀئي خاصيتون، ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ سميت -- default_exceptions ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جا ڊفالٽ مختلف آھن) -- link_exceptions ڳنڍڻين جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جون ڳنڍڻيون مختلف آھن) -- -- ھي ٽيبلون ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿين ٿيون، جيڪو ھڪ صفحي جي وڪي متن کي پڙھي ٿو -- جيڪو ھر يونٽ جي گھربل خاصيتن جي دستاويزڪاري ڪري ٿو؛ [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]] ڏسو. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ھن ٽيبل جي ڊيٽا ۾ تبديلي نه ڪريو ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اھا ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿئي ٿي -- -- جيڪو وڪي صفحي مان وڪي متن پڙھي ٿو (مٿيون نوٽ ڏسو). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "گِرَي", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "رَيڊ", link = "گِرَي (ايڪو)", }, ["rad"] = { _name1 = "رَيڊ", _symbol = "رَيڊ", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "رَيڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "سينٽي ميٽر ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "سينٽي ميٽر ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "سينٽي ميٽر ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "سينٽي ميٽر ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "گيل (ايڪو)", }, ["ft/s2"] = { name1 = "فٽ ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "فٽ ھم چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "معياري ڪشش ثقل", name2 = "معياري ڪشش ثقلون", symbol = "''g''₀", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["g-فورس"] = { name2 = "''g''", symbol = "''g''", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", link = "g-فورس", }, ["km/hs"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["km/s2"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["m/s2"] = { name1 = "ميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ميٽر چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/s"] = { name1 = "ميل ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميل ڪلاڪ سيڪنڊ", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "تيزي", }, ["km/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["معياري ڪشش ثقل"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", name2 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", symbol = "1000 چ.فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "چورس فٽ", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "ايراضي", _symbol = "a", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "ھيڪٽر#ايڪڙ", }, ["ايڪڙ"] = { symbol = "ايڪڙ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["رُوڊ"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["acre-sing"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آرپينٽ"] = { symbol = "آرپينٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "ڪويردا", symbol = "cda", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "ڊَيڪَر", symbol = "daa", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "دُونَم", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["هَيڪٽَر"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آئرش ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "آئرش ايڪڙ", symbol = "آئرش&nbsp;اَيڪَڙَ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "ايڪڙ (آئرش)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "چورس ميٽر", _name1_us= "چورس ميٽر", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "چورس ميٽر", }, ["پَونڊِيمَاٽُ"] = { name1 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", name2 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽَ", symbol = "پونڊ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["پِيَونگ"] = { name2 = "پِيَونگ", symbol = "پِيَونگ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["رائي"] = { name2 = "رائي", symbol = "رائي", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "رائي (ايڪو)", }, ["رُوڊ"] = { symbol = "رُوڊ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "sqft m2", subdivs = { ["چ.پرچ"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ", name2 = "چورس فٽ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فُٽُ", name2 = "چورس فُٽَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { name1 = "چورس اِنچُ", name2 = "چورس اِنچَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;انچ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { name1 = "چورس ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;ميل", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["sqnmi"] = { name1 = "چورس ناٽيڪل ميل", symbol = "sq&nbsp;nmi", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3429904, default = "چ.ڪ م چ.ميل", link = "ناٽيڪل ميل", }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { name2 = "پَرچَ", symbol = "پَرچُ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { symbol = "چورس ويرسٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1138062.24, default = "چ.ڪ م sqmi", link = "ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { name1 = "چورس گز", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;گز", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.83612736, default = "چ.ميل", }, ["ٽُسُوبَو"] = { name2 = "ٽُسُوبَو", symbol = "ٽُسُوبَو", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "چ.ميل", link = "جپاني ماپ جو ايڪو#ايراصي", }, ["اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["ڊيڪر"] = { target = "daa", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", symbol = "فٽ²", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { target = "چ.انچ", symbol = "انچ²", }, ["ڪ م²"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", symbol = "ميل²", }, ["ملين ايڪڙ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين ھيڪٽر"] = { target = "e6ھيڪٽر", }, ["ميل²"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["nmi2"] = { target = "sqnmi", }, ["پونڊ"] = { target = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["چ. آرپ"] = { target = "آرپينٽ", }, ["چ.ڪ م"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["چورس ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { target = "چ.گز", symbol = "گز²", }, ["چ.ميٽر/ھيڪٽر"] = { name1 = "چورس ميٽر ھيڪٽر", name1_us = "چورس ميٽر ھيڪٽر", name2 = "چورس ميٽر ھيڪٽر", name2_us = "چورس ميٽر ھيڪٽر", symbol = "ميٽر²/ھيڪٽر", utype = "ايراضي يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 0.0001, default = "چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ ايڪڙ", name2 = "چورس فٽ ايڪڙ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ/ايڪڙ", utype = "ايراضي يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ha", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["سينٽ"] = { name1 = "سينٽ", symbol = "¢", utype = "سينٽ", scale = 1, default = "سينٽ", link = "سينٽ (ڪرنسي)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "سينٽ", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "چارج", scale = 3600, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["ڪولمب"] = { _name1 = "ڪولمب", _symbol = "C", utype = "چارج", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "ڪولمب", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "ايليميٽري چارج", symbol = "''e''", utype = "چارج", scale = 1.602176634e-19, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["g-مول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "g&#8209;مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["gمول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "gمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["kمول"] = { name1 = "ڪلومول", symbol = "kمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1000, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["lb-mol"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lb&#8209;مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 453.59237, default = "مول", }, ["lbمول"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lbمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 453.59237, default = "مول", }, ["مول"] = { name1 = "مول", symbol = "مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["kgCO2/L"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ لٽر", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام لٽر", name2 ="ڪِلوگِرامَ لٽر", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام لٽر", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 يونٽ حجم", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/آمريڪي گيلن", link = "اخراجي گيس", }, ["lbCO2/آمريڪي گيلن"] = { name1 = "پَائُونڊُ آمريڪي گئلن", name2 = "پَائُونڊَ آمريڪي گئلن", symbol = "lbCO2/آمريڪي &nbsp;گيل", utype = "co2 حجم ايڪو", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kgCO2/L", link = "اخراجي گيس", }, ["oz/lb"] = { per = { "oz", "lb" }, utype = "concentration", default = ".م.گ/ڪ گ", }, ["م.گ/ڪ.گ"] = { per = { "م.گ", "ڪ.گ" }, utype = "concentration", default = "oz/lb", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "گرامُ ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "گرامَ ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", symbol = "g/dm³", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1, default = "kg/m3", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["g/L"] = { name1 = "گرامُ لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ لٽر", symbol = "g/L", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuin", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["g/mL"] = { name1 = "گرامُ ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ ملي لٽر", symbol = "g/mL", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["g/ml"] = { name1 = "گرام ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرام ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ per ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ ملي لٽر", symbol = "g/ml", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuin", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["kg/dm3"] = { name1 = "ڪلوگرام ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "ڪلوگرام cubic decimetre", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام cubic decimeter", symbol = "kg/dm³", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/cuft", link = "Density", }, ["kg/L"] = { name1 = "kilogram litre", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام liter", name2 = "ڪلوگرام litre", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام liter", symbol = "kg/L", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "ڪلوگرام litre", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام liter", name2 = "ڪلوگرام litre", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام liter", symbol = "kg/l", utype = "density", scale = 1000, default = "lb/USgal", link = "Density", }, ["kg/m3"] = { name1 = "ڪلوگرام cubic metre", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام cubic meter", name2 = "kilograms per cubic metre", name2_us = "kilograms per cubic meter", symbol = "kg/m³", utype = "density", scale = 1, default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuft"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic foot", name2 = "pounds per cubic foot", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "density", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound في cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic yard", name2 = "pounds per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "pound per imperial gallon", name2 = "pounds per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "pound per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "pound per U.S. gallon", name2 = "pounds per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "pound per US bushel", name2 = "pounds per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "pound per US gallon", name2 = "pounds per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "pound mass per cubic inch", name2 = "pounds mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176634e-19, prefixes = 1, default = "aJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.332123310014, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", defkey = "eVpar", linkey = "eVpar", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 1.3263314048360777e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 2326, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "ll" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "ll" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "ll", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "ll", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["rpm"] = { name1 = "revolution per minute", name2 = "revolutions per minute", symbol = "rpm", utype = "length", scale = 5.5594015866358675e-11, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "Hz", link = "Revolutions per minute", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["100mi"] = { target = "mi", multiplier= 100, }, ["100miles"] = { target = "mi", symbol = "miles", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["inches"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Units", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["Da"] = { _name1 = "dalton", _symbol = "Da", utype = "mass", scale = 1.66053906892e-27, prefixes = 1, default = "kg", link = "Dalton (unit)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { name1_us = "deadweight metric ton", symbol = "deadweight tonne", sym_us = "~deadweight metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Long quarter", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["grain"] = { target = "gr", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/L"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/L", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/L", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie (unit)", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11604518.121550081, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", defkey = "keVT", linkey = "keVT", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v < 7200 ! min ! h", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["sec"] = { target = "s", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kpm"] = { name1 = "kilopond metre", name1_us = "kilopond meter", symbol = "kp⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton-metre", name1_us = "millinewton-meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton-metre", _name1_us= "newton-meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["ton-mile"] = { symbol = "ton-mile", usename = 1, utype = "transportation", scale = 1.4599723182105602, default = "tkm", }, ["tkm"] = { name1 = "tonne-kilometre", name1_us = "tonne-kilometer", symbol = "tkm", utype = "transportation", scale = 1, default = "ton-mile", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre-foot"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre-ft"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "L impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "L USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "L", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "L impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["ll"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, default = "impgal USgal", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["tmcft"] = { name2 = "tmcft", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", }, ["Tmcft"] = { name1 = "thousand million cubic feet", name2 = "thousand million cubic feet", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", link = "Tmcft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "L", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "L impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "L impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "L imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "L", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", symbol = "ft³", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["hm³"] = { target = "hm3", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", symbol = "mi³", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", symbol = "yd³", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miyd"] = { combination= { "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["eV"] = "aJ", ["feV"] = "yJ", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GeV"] = "nJ", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["keV"] = "fJ", ["MeV"] = "pJ", ["meV"] = "zJ", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["neV"] = "yJ", ["PeV"] = "mJ", ["peV"] = "yJ", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TeV"] = "μJ", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["μeV"] = "yJ", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["GJ"] = "Gigajoule", ["TJ"] = "Terajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } 7hwg37k4pgt9uxruup6xz5l1etd3uok 377637 377589 2026-05-15T11:48:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 377637 Scribunto text/plain -- [[Module:Convert]] پاران استعمال ٿيندڙ تبديليءَ وارو ڊيٽا، جيڪو mw.loadData() استعمال ڪري ٿو -- ھن ماڊيول تائين فقط پڙھڻ واري رسائي لاءِ، جيئن ھر صفحي تي ھي صرف ھڪ ڀيرو لوڊ ٿئي. -- ٻي وڪي تي نقل ڪرڻ لاءِ [[:en:Template:Convert/Transwiki guide]] ڏسو. -- -- ھيٺيان ڊيٽا ٽيبلون شامل آھن: -- all_units ڪنھن به يونٽ جون سڀئي خاصيتون، ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ سميت -- default_exceptions ڊفالٽ آئوٽ پُٽ جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جا ڊفالٽ مختلف آھن) -- link_exceptions ڳنڍڻين جا استثنا ('kg' ۽ 'g' جون ڳنڍڻيون مختلف آھن) -- -- ھي ٽيبلون ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿين ٿيون، جيڪو ھڪ صفحي جي وڪي متن کي پڙھي ٿو -- جيڪو ھر يونٽ جي گھربل خاصيتن جي دستاويزڪاري ڪري ٿو؛ [[:en:Module:Convert/doc]] ڏسو. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ھن ٽيبل جي ڊيٽا ۾ تبديلي نه ڪريو ڇاڪاڻ⁠تہ اھا ھڪ اسڪرپٽ ذريعي تيار ٿئي ٿي -- -- جيڪو وڪي صفحي مان وڪي متن پڙھي ٿو (مٿيون نوٽ ڏسو). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local all_units = { ["Gy"] = { _name1 = "گِرَي", _symbol = "Gy", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "رَيڊ", link = "گِرَي (ايڪو)", }, ["رَيڊ"] = { _name1 = "رَيڊ", _symbol = "رَيڊ", utype = "جذب ٿيل شعاعڪاري مقدار", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Gy", link = "رَيڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["cm/s2"] = { name1 = "سينٽي ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "سينٽي ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "سينٽي ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "cm/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.01, default = "ft/s2", link = "گيل (ايڪو)", }, ["فٽ/s2"] = { name1 = "فٽ في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "فٽ في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "ft/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s2", }, ["g0"] = { name1 = "معياري ڪشش ثقل", name2 = "معياري ڪشش ثقلون", symbol = "''g''₀", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", }, ["g-فورس"] = { name2 = "''g''", symbol = "''g''", utype = "تيزي", scale = 9.80665, default = "m/s2", link = "g-فورس", }, ["ڪ م/hs"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/(h⋅s)", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["ڪ م/s2"] = { name1 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ڪلوميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "km/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1000, default = "mph/s", link = "تيزي", }, ["ميٽر/s2"] = { name1 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name1_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", name2_us = "ميٽر في چورس سيڪنڊ", symbol = "m/s²", utype = "تيزي", scale = 1, default = "ft/s2", }, ["mph/سيڪنڊ"] = { name1 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", name2 = "ميل في ڪلاڪ في سيڪنڊ", symbol = "mph/s", utype = "تيزي", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/hs", link = "تيزي", }, ["ڪ م/h/s"] = { target = "km/hs", }, ["معياري ڪشش ثقل"] = { target = "g0", }, ["1000چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", name2 = "ھزار چورس فٽ", symbol = "1000 چ.فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 92.90304, default = "m2", link = "چورس فٽ", }, ["a"] = { _name1 = "ايراضي", _symbol = "a", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 100, prefixes = 1, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "ھيڪٽر#ايڪڙ", }, ["ايڪڙ"] = { symbol = "ايڪڙ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 4046.8564224, default = "ha", subdivs = { ["رُوڊ"] = { 4, default = "ha" }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { 160, default = "ha" } }, }, ["اَيڪَڙُ"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آرپينٽ"] = { symbol = "آرپينٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3418.89, default = "ha", }, ["cda"] = { name1 = "ڪويردا", symbol = "cda", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3930.395625, default = "ha acre", }, ["daa"] = { name1 = "ڊَيڪَر", symbol = "daa", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", }, ["دُونَم"] = { symbol = "دُونَم", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1000, default = "km2 sqmi", link = "دُونَم", }, ["ha"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["هَيڪٽَر"] = { name1 = "هَيڪٽَر", symbol = "ha", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 10000, default = "ايڪڙ", }, ["آئرش ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "آئرش ايڪڙ", symbol = "آئرش&nbsp;اَيڪَڙَ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 6555.2385024, default = "ha", link = "ايڪڙ (آئرش)", }, ["m2"] = { _name1 = "چورس ميٽر", _name1_us= "چورس ميٽر", _symbol = "m²", prefix_position= 8, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1, prefixes = 2, default = "چ.فٽ", link = "چورس ميٽر", }, ["پَونڊِيمَاٽُ"] = { name1 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", name2 = "پَونڊِيمَاٽَ", symbol = "پونڊ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3674.363358816, default = "m2", link = ":nl:پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["پِيَونگ"] = { name2 = "پِيَونگ", symbol = "پِيَونگ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "m2", }, ["رائي"] = { name2 = "رائي", symbol = "رائي", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1600, default = "m2", link = "رائي (ايڪو)", }, ["رُوڊ"] = { symbol = "رُوڊ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1011.7141056, default = "چ.فٽ چ.ميٽر", subdivs = { ["چ.پرچ"] = { 40, default = "m2" } }, link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ", name2 = "چورس فٽ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { name1 = "چورس فُٽُ", name2 = "چورس فُٽَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.09290304, default = "m2", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { name1 = "چورس اِنچُ", name2 = "چورس اِنچَ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;انچ", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.00064516, default = "cm2", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { name1 = "چورس ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;ميل", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 2589988.110336, default = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["sqnميل"] = { name1 = "چورس ناٽيڪل ميل", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;nميل", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3429904, default = "چ.ڪ م چ.ميل", link = "ناٽيڪل ميل", }, ["چ.پرچ"] = { name2 = "پَرچَ", symbol = "پَرچُ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 25.29285264, default = "m2", link = "رُوڊ (ايڪو)#ايراضي ۽ حجم", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { symbol = "چورس ويرسٽ", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 1138062.24, default = "چ.ڪ م sqmi", link = "ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { name1 = "چورس گز", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;گز", utype = "ايراضي", scale = 0.83612736, default = "چ.ميل", }, ["ٽُسُوبَو"] = { name2 = "ٽُسُوبَو", symbol = "ٽُسُوبَو", usename = 1, utype = "ايراضي", scale = 3.3057851239669422, default = "چ.ميل", link = "جپاني ماپ جو ايڪو#ايراصي", }, ["اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "ايڪڙ", }, ["are"] = { target = "a", }, ["ڊيڪر"] = { target = "daa", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", }, ["چ.فٽ"] = { target = "چ.فٽ", symbol = "فٽ²", }, ["چ.انچ"] = { target = "چ.انچ", symbol = "انچ²", }, ["ڪ م²"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", symbol = "ميل²", }, ["ملين ايڪڙ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين اَيڪَڙَ"] = { target = "e6ايڪڙ", }, ["ملين ھيڪٽر"] = { target = "e6ھيڪٽر", }, ["ميل²"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["nميل2"] = { target = "چورسnميل", }, ["پونڊ"] = { target = "پَونڊِيمَاٽُ", }, ["چ. آرپ"] = { target = "آرپينٽ", }, ["چ.ڪ م"] = { target = "چ.ڪ م", }, ["چ.ميل"] = { target = "چ.ميل", }, ["چورس ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.ويرسٽ"] = { target = "چ.ويرسٽ", }, ["چ.گز"] = { target = "چ.گز", symbol = "گز²", }, ["چ.ميٽر/ھيڪٽر"] = { name1 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name1_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2 = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", name2_us = "چورس ميٽر في ھيڪٽر", symbol = "ميٽر²/ھيڪٽر", utype = "ايراضي في يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 0.0001, default = "چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["چ.فٽ/ايڪڙ"] = { name1 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", name2 = "چورس فٽ في ايڪڙ", symbol = "چ.&nbsp;فٽ/ايڪڙ", utype = "ايراضي في يونٽ پکيڙ", scale = 2.295684113865932e-5, default = "m2/ھيڪٽر", link = "باسل ايراضي", }, ["سينٽ"] = { name1 = "سينٽ", symbol = "¢", utype = "سينٽ", scale = 1, default = "سينٽ", link = "سينٽ (ڪرنسي)", }, ["¢"] = { target = "سينٽ", }, ["A.h"] = { name1 = "ايمپيئر ڪلاڪ", symbol = "A⋅h", utype = "چارج", scale = 3600, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["ڪولمب"] = { _name1 = "ڪولمب", _symbol = "C", utype = "چارج", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "e", link = "ڪولمب", }, ["e"] = { name1 = "ايليميٽري چارج", symbol = "''e''", utype = "چارج", scale = 1.602176634e-19, default = "ڪولمب", }, ["g-مول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "g&#8209;مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["gمول"] = { name1 = "گرام-مول", symbol = "gمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["kمول"] = { name1 = "ڪلومول", symbol = "kمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1000, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["lb-مول"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lb&#8209;مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 453.59237, default = "مول", }, ["lbمول"] = { name1 = "پائونڊ-مول", symbol = "lbمول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 453.59237, default = "مول", }, ["مول"] = { name1 = "مول", symbol = "مول", utype = "ڪيميائي مقدار", scale = 1, default = "lbمول", link = "مول (ايڪو)", }, ["ڪلوگرامCO2/لٽر"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", name2 ="ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "ڪلوگرام في لٽر", symbol = "ڪلوگرام(CO₂)/L", utype = "co2 يونٽ حجم", scale = 1000, default = "lbCO2/آمريڪي گيلن", link = "اخراجي گيس", }, ["lbCO2/آمريڪي گيلن"] = { name1 = "پَائُونڊُ في آمريڪي گئلن", name2 = "پَائُونڊَ في آمريڪي گئلن", symbol = "lbCO2/آمريڪي&nbsp;گيل", utype = "co2 حجم ايڪو", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "ڪلوگرامCO2/لٽر", link = "اخراجي گيس", }, ["اونس/پائونڊ"] = { per = { "اونس", "پائونڊ" }, utype = "ارتڪاز", default = ".م.گ/ڪ گ", }, ["م.گ/ڪ.گ"] = { per = { "م.گ", "ڪ.گ" }, utype = "ارتڪاز", default = "اونس/پائونڊ", }, ["g/dm3"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", symbol = "گرام/ڊيسي ميٽر³", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1, default = "ڪ گ/ميٽر3", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["گرام/لٽر"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في لٽر", symbol = "گرام/لٽر", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1, default = "lb/ڪيوبڪ انچ", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["گرام/mL"] = { name1 = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرامُ في ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", symbol = "گرام/mL", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/ڪيوبڪ انچ", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["گرام/ml"] = { name1 = "گرام في ملي لٽر", name1_us = "گرام في ملي لٽر", name2 = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", name2_us = "گرامَ في ملي لٽر", symbol = "گرام/ml", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/ڪيوبڪ انچ", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["ڪلوگرام/dm3"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name1_us = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2 = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", name2_us = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ڊيسي ميٽر", symbol = "ڪِلوگِرامُ/dm³", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/ڪيوبڪ فٽ", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["ڪِلوگِرامُ/لٽر"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name2 = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", symbol = "ڪلوگرام/لٽر", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/آمريڪي گئلن", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["kg/l"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name1_us = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في لٽر", name2 = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", name2_us = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في لٽر", symbol = "ڪلوگرام/لٽر", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1000, default = "lb/آمريڪي گئلن", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["ڪِلوگِرامُ/ميٽر3"] = { name1 = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ميٽر", name1_us = "ڪِلوگِرامُ في ڪيوبڪ ميٽر", name2 = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ميٽر", name2_us = "ڪِلوگِرامَ في ڪيوبڪ ميٽر", symbol = "ڪِلوگِرامُ/m³", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 1, default = "lb/ڪيوبڪ گز", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["lb/ڪيوبڪ فٽ"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ في ڪيوبڪ فٽ", name2 = "پَائونڊَ في ڪيوبڪ فٽ", symbol = "lb/ڪيوبڪ&nbsp;فٽ", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 16.018463373960142, default = "گرام/cm3", link = "ڪثافت", }, ["lb/ڪيوبڪ انچ"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ في cubic inch", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "ڪثافت", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/cuyd"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per cubic yard", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per cubic yard", symbol = "lb/cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "density", scale = 0.5932764212577829, default = "kg/m3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/impgal"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per imperial gallon", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per imperial gallon", symbol = "lb/imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 99.776372663101697, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/in3"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per cubic inch", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per cubic inch", symbol = "lb/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["lb/U.S.gal"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per U.S. gallon", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per U.S. gallon", symbol = "lb/U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lb/USbu"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per US bushel", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per US bushel", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;bu", utype = "density", scale = 12.871859780974471, default = "kg/m3", link = "Bushel", }, ["lb/USgal"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ per US gallon", name2 = "پَائونڊَ per US gallon", symbol = "lb/US&nbsp;gal", utype = "density", scale = 119.82642731689663, default = "kg/L", link = "Density", }, ["lbm/cuin"] = { name1 = "پَائونڊُ mass per cubic inch", name2 = "پَائونڊَ mass per cubic inch", symbol = "lbm/cu&thinsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 27679.904710203122, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["mg/L"] = { name1 = "milligram per litre", name1_us = "milligram per liter", name2 = "milligrams per litre", name2_us = "milligrams per liter", symbol = "mg/L", utype = "density", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/cuin", link = "Density", }, ["oz/cuin"] = { name1 = "ounce per cubic inch", name2 = "ounces per cubic inch", symbol = "oz/cu&nbsp;in", utype = "density", scale = 1729.9940443876951, default = "g/cm3", link = "Density", }, ["g/cm3"] = { per = { "g", "cm3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["g/m3"] = { per = { "g", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuyd", link = "Density", }, ["Mg/m3"] = { per = { "Mg", "m3" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuft", }, ["mg/l"] = { per = { "mg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["μg/dL"] = { per = { "μg", "dL" }, utype = "density", default = "lb/cuin", }, ["μg/l"] = { per = { "μg", "ll" }, utype = "density", default = "oz/cuin", }, ["lb/ft3"] = { target = "lb/cuft", }, ["lb/yd3"] = { target = "lb/cuyd", }, ["lbm/in3"] = { target = "lbm/cuin", }, ["mcg/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["oz/in3"] = { target = "oz/cuin", }, ["ug/dL"] = { target = "μg/dL", }, ["ug/l"] = { target = "μg/l", }, ["B.O.T.U."] = { name1 = "Board of Trade Unit", symbol = "B.O.T.U.", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["bboe"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "bboe", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BOE"] = { name1 = "barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "BOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6117863200, default = "GJ", }, ["BTU"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "BTU", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["Btu"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit", symbol = "Btu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", }, ["BTU-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "BTU_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-39F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (39°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (39°F)", symbol = "Btu_39°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1059.67, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "BTU_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-59F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (59°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (59°F)", symbol = "Btu_59°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.804, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "BTU_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-60F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (60°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (60°F)", symbol = "Btu_60°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.68, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "BTU_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-63F"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (63°F)", name2 = "British thermal units (63°F)", symbol = "Btu_63°F", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.6, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-ISO"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (ISO)", name2 = "British thermal units (ISO)", symbol = "BTU_ISO", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.056, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-ISO"] = { target = "BTU-ISO", }, ["BTU-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "BTU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-IT"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (IT)", name2 = "British thermal units (IT)", symbol = "Btu_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.05585262, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "BTU_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-mean"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (mean)", name2 = "British thermal units (mean)", symbol = "Btu_mean", utype = "energy", scale = 1055.87, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["BTU-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "BTU_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Btu-th"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit (thermochemical)", name2 = "British thermal units (thermochemical)", symbol = "Btu_th", utype = "energy", scale = 1054.35026444, default = "kJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "Cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", }, ["cal"] = { name1 = "calorie", symbol = "cal", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", }, ["Cal-15"] = { name1 = "Calorie (15°C)", name2 = "Calories (15°C)", symbol = "Cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-15"] = { name1 = "calorie (15°C)", name2 = "calories (15°C)", symbol = "cal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1858, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-IT"] = { name1 = "Calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "Calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-IT"] = { name1 = "calorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "calories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "cal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal-th"] = { name1 = "Calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "Calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal-th"] = { name1 = "calorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "calories (thermochemical)", symbol = "cal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184, default = "J", link = "Calorie", }, ["CHU-IT"] = { name1 = "Celsius heat unit (International Table)", name2 = "Celsius heat units (International Table)", symbol = "CHU_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 1899.100534716, default = "kJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cufootnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic foot of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["cuftnaturalgas"] = { name1 = "cubic foot of natural gas", name2 = "cubic feet of natural gas", symbol = "cuftnaturalgas", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 1055055.85262, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["Eh"] = { name1 = "Hartree", symbol = "''E''_h", utype = "energy", scale = 4.35974417e-18, default = "eV", }, ["erg"] = { symbol = "erg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000001, default = "μJ", }, ["eV"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy", scale = 1.602176634e-19, prefixes = 1, default = "aJ", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["foe"] = { symbol = "foe", utype = "energy", scale = 1e44, default = "YJ", link = "Foe (unit)", }, ["ftlb"] = { name1 = "foot-pound", symbol = "ft⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlb-f"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftlbf"] = { name1 = "foot-pound force", name2 = "foot-pounds force", symbol = "ft⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "J", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["ftpdl"] = { name1 = "foot-poundal", symbol = "ft⋅pdl", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0421401100938048, default = "J", }, ["gTNT"] = { name2 = "grams of TNT", symbol = "gram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Gtoe"] = { name1 = "gigatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "gigatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Gtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e19, default = "EJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["GtonTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatons of TNT", symbol = "gigaton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GtTNT"] = { name2 = "gigatonnes of TNT", symbol = "gigatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e18, default = "EJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["GW.h"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["GWh"] = { name1 = "gigawatt-hour", symbol = "GWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e12, default = "TJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["hph"] = { name1 = "horsepower-hour", symbol = "hp⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 2684519.537696172792, default = "kWh", link = "Horsepower", }, ["inlb"] = { name1 = "inch-pound", symbol = "in⋅lb", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlb-f"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lb_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inlbf"] = { name1 = "inch-pound force", name2 = "inch-pounds force", symbol = "in⋅lbf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inoz-f"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅oz_f", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["inozf"] = { name1 = "inch-ounce force", name2 = "inch-ounces force", symbol = "in⋅ozf", utype = "energy", alttype = "torque", scale = 0.00706155181422604375, default = "mJ", link = "Foot-pound (energy)", }, ["J"] = { _name1 = "joule", _symbol = "J", utype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "cal", link = "Joule", }, ["kBOE"] = { name1 = "kilo barrel of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilo barrels of oil equivalent", symbol = "kBOE", utype = "energy", scale = 6.1178632e12, default = "TJ", link = "Barrel of oil equivalent", }, ["kcal"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie", symbol = "kcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-15"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (15°C)", name2 = "kilocalories (15°C)", symbol = "kcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-IT"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "kilocalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "kcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186.8, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kcal-th"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "kilocalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "kcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184, default = "kJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["kerg"] = { name1 = "kiloerg", symbol = "kerg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0001, default = "mJ", link = "Erg", }, ["kgTNT"] = { name2 = "kilograms of TNT", symbol = "kilogram of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", name1_us = "kiloton", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktoe"] = { name1 = "kilotonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "kilotonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "ktoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e13, default = "TJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["ktonTNT"] = { name1 = "kiloton of TNT", name2 = "kilotons of TNT", symbol = "kt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["kW.h"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["kWh"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour", symbol = "kWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000, default = "MJ", }, ["Mcal"] = { name1 = "megacalorie", symbol = "Mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal"] = { name1 = "millicalorie", symbol = "mcal", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-15"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (15°C)", name2 = "megacalories (15°C)", symbol = "Mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 4185800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-15"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (15°C)", name2 = "millicalories (15°C)", symbol = "mcal₁₅", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041858, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "megacalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "Mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-IT"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (International Steam Table)", name2 = "millicalories (International Steam Table)", symbol = "mcal_IT", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0041868, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Mcal-th"] = { name1 = "megacalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "megacalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "Mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["mcal-th"] = { name1 = "millicalorie (thermochemical)", name2 = "millicalories (thermochemical)", symbol = "mcal_th", utype = "energy", scale = 0.004184, default = "mJ", link = "Calorie", }, ["Merg"] = { name1 = "megaerg", symbol = "Merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.1, default = "J", link = "Erg", }, ["merg"] = { name1 = "millierg", symbol = "merg", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "μJ", link = "Erg", }, ["MMBtu"] = { name1 = "million British thermal units", name2 = "million British thermal units", symbol = "MMBtu", utype = "energy", scale = 1055055852.62, default = "GJ", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["Mt(TNT)"] = { name1 = "megatonne", name1_us = "megaton", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["Mtoe"] = { name1 = "megatonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "megatonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "Mtoe", utype = "energy", scale = 4.1868e16, default = "PJ", link = "Tonne of oil equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT"] = { name1 = "megaton of TNT", name2 = "megatons of TNT", symbol = "Mt", utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtonTNT"] = { name2 = "millitons of TNT", symbol = "milliton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT", symbol = "megatonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e15, default = "PJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["mtTNT"] = { name2 = "millitonnes of TNT", symbol = "millitonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000, default = "MJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MW.h"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mW.h"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["MWh"] = { name1 = "megawatt-hour", symbol = "MWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600000000, default = "GJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["mWh"] = { name1 = "milliwatt-hour", symbol = "mWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6, default = "J", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["PSh"] = { name1 = "Pferdestärkenstunde", symbol = "PSh", utype = "energy", scale = 2647795.5, default = "kWh", }, ["quad"] = { name1 = "quadrillion British thermal units", name2 = "quadrillion British thermal units", symbol = "quad", utype = "energy", scale = 1.054804e18, default = "EJ", link = "Quad (unit)", }, ["Ry"] = { name1 = "rydberg", symbol = "Ry", utype = "energy", scale = 2.1798741e-18, default = "eV", link = "Rydberg constant", }, ["scf"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic feet", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["scfoot"] = { name1 = "standard cubic foot", name2 = "standard cubic foot", symbol = "scf", utype = "energy", scale = 2869.2044809344, default = "kJ", }, ["t(TNT)"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "ton", symbol = "t", utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["th"] = { name1 = "thermie", symbol = "th", utype = "energy", scale = 4186800, default = "MJ", link = "Conversion of units#Energy", }, ["thm-EC"] = { name1 = "therm (EC)", name2 = "therms (EC)", symbol = "thm (EC)", utype = "energy", scale = 105506000, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-UK"] = { name1 = "therm (UK)", name2 = "therms (UK)", symbol = "thm (UK)", utype = "energy", scale = 105505585.257348, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["thm-US"] = { name1 = "therm (US)", name1_us = "therm (U.S.)", name2 = "therms (US)", name2_us = "therms (U.S.)", symbol = "thm (US)", sym_us = "thm (U.S.)", utype = "energy", scale = 105480400, default = "MJ", link = "Therm", }, ["toe"] = { name1 = "tonne of oil equivalent", name2 = "tonnes of oil equivalent", symbol = "toe", utype = "energy", scale = 41868000000, default = "GJ", }, ["tonTNT"] = { name2 = "tons of TNT", symbol = "ton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["tTNT"] = { name2 = "tonnes of TNT", symbol = "tonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtonTNT"] = { name2 = "teratons of TNT", symbol = "teraton of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TtTNT"] = { name2 = "teratonnes of TNT", symbol = "teratonne of TNT", usename = 1, utype = "energy", scale = 4.184e21, default = "ZJ", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TW.h"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["TWh"] = { name1 = "terawatt-hour", symbol = "TWh", utype = "energy", scale = 3.6e15, default = "PJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["W.h"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "W⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["Wh"] = { name1 = "watt-hour", symbol = "Wh", utype = "energy", scale = 3600, default = "kJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μerg"] = { name1 = "microerg", symbol = "μerg", utype = "energy", scale = 1e-13, default = "nJ", link = "Erg", }, ["μW.h"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μW⋅h", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["μWh"] = { name1 = "microwatt-hour", symbol = "μWh", utype = "energy", scale = 0.0036, default = "mJ", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["-kW.h"] = { target = "kW.h", link = "Kilowatt hour", }, ["btu"] = { target = "BTU", }, ["Calorie"] = { target = "Cal", }, ["ft.lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["ft·lbf"] = { target = "ftlbf", }, ["g-cal-15"] = { target = "cal-15", }, ["g-cal-IT"] = { target = "cal-IT", }, ["g-cal-th"] = { target = "cal-th", }, ["g-kcal-15"] = { target = "kcal-15", }, ["g-kcal-IT"] = { target = "kcal-IT", }, ["g-kcal-th"] = { target = "kcal-th", }, ["g-Mcal-15"] = { target = "Mcal-15", }, ["g-mcal-15"] = { target = "mcal-15", }, ["g-Mcal-IT"] = { target = "Mcal-IT", }, ["g-mcal-IT"] = { target = "mcal-IT", }, ["g-Mcal-th"] = { target = "Mcal-th", }, ["g-mcal-th"] = { target = "mcal-th", }, ["GW-h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["GW·h"] = { target = "GW.h", }, ["Hartree"] = { target = "Eh", }, ["hp.h"] = { target = "hph", }, ["in.lb-f"] = { target = "inlb-f", }, ["in.lbf"] = { target = "inlbf", }, ["in.oz-f"] = { target = "inoz-f", }, ["in.ozf"] = { target = "inozf", }, ["kbboe"] = { target = "kBOE", symbol = "kbboe", }, ["kg-cal-15"] = { target = "Cal-15", }, ["kg-cal-IT"] = { target = "Cal-IT", }, ["kg-cal-th"] = { target = "Cal-th", }, ["kW-h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["kW·h"] = { target = "kW.h", }, ["MW-h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["mW-h"] = { target = "mW.h", }, ["MW·h"] = { target = "MW.h", }, ["TW-h"] = { target = "TW.h", }, ["uerg"] = { target = "μerg", }, ["uW-h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uW.h"] = { target = "μW.h", }, ["uWh"] = { target = "μWh", }, ["W-h"] = { target = "W.h", }, ["eVpar"] = { _name1 = "electronvolt", _symbol = "eV", utype = "energy per chemical amount", scale = 96485.332123310014, prefixes = 1, default = "kcal/mol", defkey = "eVpar", linkey = "eVpar", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["kcal/mol"] = { per = { "kcal", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kJ/mol", link = "Kilocalorie per mole", }, ["kJ/mol"] = { per = { "kJ", "mol" }, utype = "energy per chemical amount", default = "kcal/mol", link = "Joule per mole", }, ["kWh/100 km"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "kilowatt-hour per 100 kilometers", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometers", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 36, default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", link = "Kilowatt-hour", }, ["kWh/100 mi"] = { name1 = "kilowatt-hour per 100 miles", name2 = "kilowatt-hours per 100 miles", symbol = "kW⋅h/100&nbsp;mi", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 22.3694, default = "mpge", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["MJ/100 km"] = { name1 = "megajoule per 100 kilometres", name1_us = "megajoule per 100 kilometers", name2 = "megajoules per 100 kilometres", name2_us = "megajoules per 100 kilometers", symbol = "MJ/100&nbsp;km", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 10, default = "BTU/mi", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["mpge"] = { name1 = "mile per gallon gasoline equivalent", name2 = "miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", symbol = "mpg&#8209;e", utype = "energy per unit length", scale = 1.3263314048360777e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "kWh/100 mi", link = "Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent", }, ["BTU/mi"] = { per = { "BTU", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "v > 1525 ! M ! k ! J/km", }, ["kJ/km"] = { per = { "kJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["kWh/km"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "MJ/km kWh/mi", }, ["kWh/mi"] = { per = { "-kW.h", "mi" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "kWh/km MJ/km", }, ["MJ/km"] = { per = { "MJ", "km" }, utype = "energy per unit length", default = "BTU/mi", }, ["mpg-e"] = { target = "mpge", }, ["BTU/lb"] = { name1 = "British thermal unit per pound", name2 = "British thermal units per pound", symbol = "BTU/lb", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 2326, default = "kJ/kg", link = "British thermal unit", }, ["cal/g"] = { name1 = "calorie per gram", name2 = "calories per gram", symbol = "cal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184, default = "J/g", }, ["GJ/kg"] = { name1 = "gigajoule per kilogram", name2 = "gigajoules per kilogram", symbol = "GJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e9, default = "ktTNT/t", link = "Specific energy", }, ["J/g"] = { name1 = "joule per gram", name2 = "joules per gram", symbol = "J/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kcal/g"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per gram", name2 = "kilocalories per gram", symbol = "kcal/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000, default = "kJ/g", }, ["kJ/g"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per gram", name2 = "kilojoules per gram", symbol = "kJ/g", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000000, default = "kcal/g", link = "Specific energy", }, ["kJ/kg"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per kilogram", name2 = "kilojoules per kilogram", symbol = "kJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "BTU/lb", link = "Specific energy", }, ["ktonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "kilotons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "kiloton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["ktTNT/t"] = { name2 = "kilotonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "kilotonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4184000000, default = "GJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtonTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatons of TNT per metric ton", symbol = "megaton of TNT per metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["MtTNT/MT"] = { name2 = "megatonnes of TNT per tonne", symbol = "megatonne of TNT per tonne", usename = 1, utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 4.184e12, default = "TJ/kg", link = "TNT equivalent", }, ["TJ/kg"] = { name1 = "terajoule per kilogram", name2 = "terajoules per kilogram", symbol = "TJ/kg", utype = "energy per unit mass", scale = 1e12, default = "MtTNT/MT", link = "Specific energy", }, ["Cal/g"] = { per = { "Cal", "g" }, utype = "energy per unit mass", default = "kJ/g", }, ["BTU/cuft"] = { per = { "BTU", "cuft" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(mL)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(mL)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/12USoz(ml)serve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USoz(ml)serve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/l", }, ["Cal/12USozserve"] = { per = { "Cal", "-12USozserve" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/L", }, ["Cal/USoz"] = { per = { "Cal", "USoz" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "kJ/ml", }, ["kJ/L"] = { per = { "kJ", "L" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/l"] = { per = { "kJ", "ll" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["kJ/ml"] = { per = { "kJ", "ml" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "Cal/USoz", }, ["MJ/m3"] = { per = { "MJ", "m3" }, utype = "energy per unit volume", default = "BTU/cuft", }, ["Sv"] = { _name1 = "sievert", _symbol = "Sv", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "rem", link = "Sievert", }, ["rem"] = { _name1 = "rem", _symbol = "rem", utype = "equivalent radiation dose", scale = 0.01, prefixes = 1, default = "Sv", link = "Roentgen equivalent man", }, ["g/km"] = { name1 = "gram per kilometre", name1_us = "gram per kilometer", name2 = "grams per kilometre", name2_us = "grams per kilometer", symbol = "g/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "oz/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["g/mi"] = { name1 = "gram per mile", name2 = "grams per mile", symbol = "g/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/km"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "gram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "grams of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "g(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1e-6, default = "ozCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["gCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "gram of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "grams of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "g(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 6.2137119223733397e-7, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kg/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms per kilometer", symbol = "kg/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["kgCO2/km"] = { name1 = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometre", name1_us = "kilogram of CO₂ per kilometer", name2 = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometre", name2_us = "kilograms of CO₂ per kilometer", symbol = "kg(CO₂)/km", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.001, default = "lbCO2/mi", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lb/mi"] = { name1 = "pound per mile", name2 = "pounds per mile", symbol = "lb/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kg/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["lbCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "pound of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "pounds of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "lb(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 0.00028184923173665794, default = "kgCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["oz/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce per mile", name2 = "ounces per mile", symbol = "oz/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "g/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["ozCO2/mi"] = { name1 = "ounce of CO₂ per mile", name2 = "ounces of CO₂ per mile", symbol = "oz(CO₂)/mi", utype = "exhaust emission", scale = 1.7615576983541121e-5, default = "gCO2/km", link = "Exhaust gas", }, ["cuft/a"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per annum", name2 = "cubic feet per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/a", utype = "flow", scale = 8.9730672142368242e-10, default = "m3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/d"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per day", name2 = "cubic feet per day", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/d", utype = "flow", scale = 3.2774128000000003e-7, default = "m3/d", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/h"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per hour", name2 = "cubic feet per hour", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/h", utype = "flow", scale = 7.8657907200000004e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuft/min"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per minute", name2 = "cubic feet per minute", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00047194744319999999, default = "m3/min", }, ["cuft/s"] = { name1 = "cubic foot per second", name2 = "cubic feet per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft/s", utype = "flow", scale = 28316846592e-12, default = "m3/s", }, ["cumi/a"] = { name1 = "cubic mile per annum", name2 = "cubic miles per annum", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi/a", utype = "flow", scale = 132.08171170940057, default = "km3/a", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/h"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per hour", name2 = "cubic yards per hour", symbol = "cuyd/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00021237634944000001, default = "m3/h", link = "Cubic foot per second", }, ["cuyd/s"] = { name1 = "cubic yard per second", name2 = "cubic yards per second", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.76455485798400002, default = "m3/s", }, ["Goilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "billion barrels per year", name2 = "billion barrels per year", symbol = "Gbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933836, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["impgal/h"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per hour", name2 = "imperial gallons per hour", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.2628027777777779e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/min"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per minute", name2 = "imperial gallons per minute", symbol = "imp gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 7.5768166666666671e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["impgal/s"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon per second", name2 = "imperial gallons per second", symbol = "impgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00454609, default = "m3/s", link = "Imperial gallons per second", }, ["km3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per annum", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per annum", name2 = "cubic kilometres per annum", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per annum", symbol = "km³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 31.68808781402895, default = "cumi/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["km3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic kilometre per day", name1_us = "cubic kilometer per day", name2 = "cubic kilometres per day", name2_us = "cubic kilometers per day", symbol = "km³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 11574.074074074075, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["koilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per year", name2 = "thousand barrels per year", symbol = "kbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-6, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["koilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels per day", name2 = "thousand barrels per day", symbol = "kbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0018401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["L/h"] = { name1 = "litre per hour", name1_us = "liter per hour", name2 = "litres per hour", name2_us = "liters per hour", symbol = "L/h", utype = "flow", scale = 2.7777777777777776e-7, default = "impgal/h USgal/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/min"] = { name1 = "litre per minute", name1_us = "liter per minute", name2 = "litres per minute", name2_us = "liters per minute", symbol = "L/min", utype = "flow", scale = 1.6666666666666667e-5, default = "impgal/min USgal/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["L/s"] = { name1 = "litre per second", name1_us = "liter per second", name2 = "litres per second", name2_us = "liters per second", symbol = "L/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.001, default = "cuft/s", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/a"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per annum", name1_us = "cubic meter per annum", name2 = "cubic metres per annum", name2_us = "cubic meters per annum", symbol = "m³/a", utype = "flow", scale = 3.1688087814028947e-8, default = "cuft/a", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/d"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per day", name1_us = "cubic meter per day", name2 = "cubic metres per day", name2_us = "cubic meters per day", symbol = "m³/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "cuft/d", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/h"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hour", name1_us = "cubic meter per hour", name2 = "cubic metres per hour", name2_us = "cubic meters per hour", symbol = "m³/h", utype = "flow", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "cuft/h", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/min"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per minute", name1_us = "cubic meter per minute", name2 = "cubic metres per minute", name2_us = "cubic meters per minute", symbol = "m³/min", utype = "flow", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "cuft/min", link = "Cubic metre per second", }, ["m3/s"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per second", name1_us = "cubic meter per second", name2 = "cubic metres per second", name2_us = "cubic meters per second", symbol = "m³/s", utype = "flow", scale = 1, default = "cuft/s", }, ["Moilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "million barrels per year", name2 = "million barrels per year", symbol = "Mbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 0.0050380033629933837, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["Moilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "million barrels per day", name2 = "million barrels per day", symbol = "Mbbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333335, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "barrel per year", name2 = "barrels per year", symbol = "bbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5.0380033629933841e-9, default = "m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["oilbbl/d"] = { name1 = "barrel per day", name2 = "barrels per day", symbol = "bbl/d", utype = "flow", scale = 1.8401307283333336e-6, default = "m3/d", }, ["Toilbbl/a"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels per year", name2 = "trillion barrels per year", symbol = "Tbbl/a", utype = "flow", scale = 5038.0033629933832, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", link = "Barrel per day", }, ["U.S.gal/d"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per day", name2 = "U.S. gallons per day", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", customary= 1, }, ["U.S.gal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 2, }, ["U.S.gal/min"] = { name1 = "U.S. gallon per minute", name2 = "U.S. gallons per minute", symbol = "U.S.&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/a"] = { name1 = "US gallon per year", name2 = "US gallons per year", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/a", utype = "flow", scale = 1.1995246102365199e-10, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/d"] = { name1 = "US gallon per day", name2 = "US gallons per day", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/d", utype = "flow", scale = 4.3812636388888893e-8, default = "m3/s", }, ["USgal/h"] = { name1 = "gallon per hour", name2 = "gallons per hour", symbol = "gal/h", utype = "flow", scale = 1.0515032733333334e-6, default = "m3/h", link = "Gallon", customary= 1, }, ["USgal/min"] = { name1 = "US gallon per minute", name2 = "US gallons per minute", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal/min", utype = "flow", scale = 6.3090196400000003e-5, default = "m3/s", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal/s"] = { name1 = "US gallon per second", name1_us = "U.S. gallon per second", name2 = "US gallons per second", name2_us = "U.S. gallons per second", symbol = "USgal/s", utype = "flow", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "m3/s", link = "US gallons per second", }, ["ft3/a"] = { target = "cuft/a", }, ["ft3/d"] = { target = "cuft/d", }, ["ft3/h"] = { target = "cuft/h", }, ["ft3/s"] = { target = "cuft/s", }, ["Gcuft/a"] = { target = "e9cuft/a", }, ["Gcuft/d"] = { target = "e9cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/a"] = { target = "e3cuft/a", }, ["kcuft/d"] = { target = "e3cuft/d", }, ["kcuft/s"] = { target = "e3cuft/s", }, ["Mcuft/a"] = { target = "e6cuft/a", }, ["Mcuft/d"] = { target = "e6cuft/d", }, ["Mcuft/s"] = { target = "e6cuft/s", }, ["m³/s"] = { target = "m3/s", }, ["Tcuft/a"] = { target = "e12cuft/a", }, ["Tcuft/d"] = { target = "e12cuft/d", }, ["u.s.gal/min"] = { target = "U.S.gal/min", }, ["usgal/min"] = { target = "USgal/min", }, ["-LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["-STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["dyn"] = { name1 = "dyne", symbol = "dyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00001, default = "gr-f", }, ["g-f"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "g_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gf"] = { name1 = "gram-force", name2 = "grams-force", symbol = "gf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN ozf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["gr-f"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "gr_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["grf"] = { name1 = "grain-force", name2 = "grains-force", symbol = "grf", utype = "force", scale = 0.0006354602307515, default = "μN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["kdyn"] = { name1 = "kilodyne", symbol = "kdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.01, default = "oz-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["kg-f"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kg_f", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", }, ["kgf"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force", name2 = "kilograms-force", symbol = "kgf", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lbf", }, ["kp"] = { name1 = "kilopond", symbol = "kp", utype = "force", scale = 9.80665, default = "N lb-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["L/T-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["L/Tf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "L/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["lb-f"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lb_f", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lbf"] = { name1 = "pound-force", name2 = "pounds-force", symbol = "lbf", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["lb(f)"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "force", scale = 4.4482216152605, default = "N", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["LT-f"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LT_f", utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["LTf"] = { name1 = "long ton-force", name2 = "long tons-force", symbol = "LTf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 9964.01641818352, default = "kN", }, ["Mdyn"] = { name1 = "megadyne", symbol = "Mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 10, default = "lb-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mdyn"] = { name1 = "millidyne", symbol = "mdyn", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000001, default = "gr-f", link = "Dyne", }, ["mg-f"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mg_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mgf"] = { name1 = "milligram-force", name2 = "milligrams-force", symbol = "mgf", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN grf", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["Mp"] = { name1 = "megapond", symbol = "Mp", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["mp"] = { name1 = "millipond", symbol = "mp", utype = "force", scale = 0.00000980665, default = "μN gr-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["N"] = { _name1 = "newton", _symbol = "N", utype = "force", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lb-f", link = "Newton (unit)", }, ["oz-f"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "oz_f", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["ozf"] = { name1 = "ounce-force", name2 = "ounces-force", symbol = "ozf", utype = "force", scale = 0.2780138203095378125, default = "mN", link = "Pound (force)", }, ["p"] = { name1 = "pond", symbol = "p", utype = "force", scale = 0.00980665, default = "mN oz-f", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["pdl"] = { name1 = "poundal", symbol = "pdl", utype = "force", scale = 0.138254954376, default = "N", }, ["S/T-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/T_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["S/Tf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "S/Tf", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["ST-f"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "ST_f", utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["STf"] = { name1 = "short ton-force", name2 = "short tons-force", symbol = "STf", usename = 1, utype = "force", scale = 8896.443230521, default = "kN", }, ["t-f"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "t_f", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LT-f ST-f", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["tf"] = { name1 = "tonne-force", name2 = "tonnes-force", symbol = "tf", utype = "force", scale = 9806.65, default = "kN LTf STf", link = "Ton-force#Tonne-force", }, ["dyne"] = { target = "dyn", }, ["newtons"] = { target = "N", }, ["poundal"] = { target = "pdl", }, ["tonne-force"] = { target = "tf", }, ["impgal/mi"] = { per = { "@impgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km USgal/mi", }, ["km/L"] = { per = { "km", "L" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["km/l"] = { per = { "km", "ll" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["L/100 km"] = { per = { "L", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|L/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["l/100 km"] = { per = { "ll", "100km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|l/100&nbsp;km]]", }, ["L/km"] = { per = { "L", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["l/km"] = { per = { "ll", "km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "mpgimp mpgus", }, ["mi/impqt"] = { per = { "mi", "impqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/U.S.qt"] = { per = { "mi", "U.S.qt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/USqt"] = { per = { "mi", "USqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mi/usqt"] = { per = { "mi", "usqt" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "km/L", }, ["mpgimp"] = { per = { "mi", "@impgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;imp", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgus", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[Imperial units|imp]]}", }, ["mpgus"] = { per = { "mi", "+USgal" }, symbol = "mpg_&#8209;US", utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/100 km+mpgimp", symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|US]]}", }, ["U.S.gal/mi"] = { per = { "*U.S.gal", "mi" }, sp_us = true, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["usgal/mi"] = { per = { "+USgal", "mi" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", invert = 1, iscomplex= true, default = "L/km impgal/mi", }, ["L/100km"] = { target = "L/100 km", }, ["l/100km"] = { target = "l/100 km", }, ["mpg"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{mpgus%} for miles per US gallon or %{mpgimp%} for miles per imperial gallon (not %{mpg%})", }, ["mpgU.S."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgu.s."] = { target = "mpgus", symbol = "mpg_&#8209;U.S.", sp_us = true, symlink = "[[Fuel economy in automobiles#Units of measure|mpg]]_{&#8209;[[United States customary units|U.S.]]}", }, ["mpgUS"] = { target = "mpgus", }, ["USgal/mi"] = { target = "usgal/mi", }, ["kPa/m"] = { per = { "kPa", "-m-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "psi/ft", }, ["psi/ft"] = { per = { "psi", "-ft-frac" }, utype = "fracture gradient", default = "kPa/m", }, ["cm/km"] = { name1 = "centimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "centimeter per kilometer", name2 = "centimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "centimeters per kilometer", symbol = "cm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/mi"] = { name1 = "foot per mile", name2 = "feet per mile", symbol = "ft/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00018939393939393939, default = "v < 5.28 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["ft/nmi"] = { name1 = "foot per nautical mile", name2 = "feet per nautical mile", symbol = "ft/nmi", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.00016457883369330455, default = "v < 6.076 ! c ! ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/ft"] = { name1 = "inch per foot", name2 = "inches per foot", symbol = "in/ft", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.083333333333333329, default = "mm/m", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["in/mi"] = { name1 = "inch per mile", name2 = "inches per mile", symbol = "in/mi", utype = "gradient", scale = 1.5782828282828283e-5, default = "v < 0.6336 ! m ! c ! m/km", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["m/km"] = { name1 = "metre per kilometre", name1_us = "meter per kilometer", name2 = "metres per kilometre", name2_us = "meters per kilometer", symbol = "m/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "ft/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/km"] = { name1 = "millimetre per kilometre", name1_us = "millimeter per kilometer", name2 = "millimetres per kilometre", name2_us = "millimeters per kilometer", symbol = "mm/km", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.000001, default = "in/mi", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["mm/m"] = { name1 = "millimetre per metre", name1_us = "millimeter per meter", name2 = "millimetres per metre", name2_us = "millimeters per meter", symbol = "mm/m", utype = "gradient", scale = 0.001, default = "in/ft", link = "Grade (slope)", }, ["admi"] = { name1 = "admiralty mile", symbol = "nmi&nbsp;(admiralty)", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["AU"] = { name1 = "astronomical unit", symbol = "AU", utype = "length", scale = 149597870700, default = "km mi", }, ["Brnmi"] = { name1 = "British nautical mile", symbol = "(Brit)&nbsp;nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["bu"] = { name2 = "bu", symbol = "bu", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0030303030303030303, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["ch"] = { name1 = "chain", symbol = "ch", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chlk"] = { name1 = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|ch]]", utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["chain"] = { symbol = "chain", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 66, default = "m" }, ["yd"] = { 22, default = "m" } }, link = "Chain (unit)", }, ["chainlk"] = { symbol = "[[Chain (unit)|chain]]", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 20.1168, default = "ft m", link = "", }, ["dpcm"] = { name2 = "dot/cm", symbol = "dot/cm", utype = "length", scale = 100, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "dpi", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["dpi"] = { name2 = "DPI", symbol = "DPI", utype = "length", scale = 39.370078740157481, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["fathom"] = { symbol = "fathom", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1.8288, default = "ft m", }, ["foot"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "foot", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["ft"] = { name1 = "foot", name2 = "feet", symbol = "ft", utype = "length", scale = 0.3048, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "m", subdivs = { ["in"] = { 12, default = "m" } }, link = "Foot (unit)", }, ["furlong"] = { symbol = "furlong", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 201.168, default = "ft m", }, ["Gly"] = { name1 = "gigalight-year", symbol = "Gly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e24, default = "Mpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Gpc"] = { name1 = "gigaparsec", symbol = "Gpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e25, default = "Gly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["hand"] = { name1 = "hand", symbol = "h", utype = "length", builtin = "hand", scale = 0.1016, iscomplex= true, default = "in cm", link = "Hand (unit)", }, ["in"] = { name1 = "inch", name2 = "inches", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, exception= "subunit_more_precision", default = "mm", }, ["inabbreviated"] = { name2 = "in", symbol = "in", utype = "length", scale = 0.0254, default = "mm", link = "Inch", }, ["kly"] = { name1 = "kilolight-year", symbol = "kly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e18, default = "pc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["kpc"] = { name1 = "kiloparsec", symbol = "kpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e19, default = "kly", link = "Parsec#Parsecs and kiloparsecs", }, ["LD"] = { name1 = "lunar distance", symbol = "LD", utype = "length", scale = 384403000, default = "km mi", link = "Lunar distance (astronomy)", }, ["league"] = { symbol = "league", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 4828.032, default = "km", link = "League (unit)", }, ["ly"] = { name1 = "light-year", symbol = "ly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e15, default = "AU", }, ["m"] = { _name1 = "metre", _name1_us= "meter", _symbol = "m", utype = "length", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v > 0 and v < 3 ! ftin ! ft", link = "Metre", }, ["mi"] = { name1 = "mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["ch"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["chainlk"] = { 80, default = "km" }, ["ft"] = { 5280, default = "km" }, ["furlong"] = { 8, default = "km" }, ["yd"] = { 1760, default = "km" } }, }, ["mil"] = { symbol = "mil", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["Mly"] = { name1 = "megalight-year", symbol = "Mly", utype = "length", scale = 9.4607304725808e21, default = "kpc", link = "Light-year#Definitions", }, ["Mpc"] = { name1 = "megaparsec", symbol = "Mpc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e22, default = "Mly", link = "Parsec#Megaparsecs and gigaparsecs", }, ["NM"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "NM", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["nmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1852, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUKnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.184, default = "km mi", }, ["oldUSnmi"] = { name1 = "nautical mile", symbol = "nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", }, ["pc"] = { name1 = "parsec", symbol = "pc", utype = "length", scale = 3.0856775814671916e16, default = "ly", }, ["perch"] = { name2 = "perches", symbol = "perch", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pitch"] = { name2 = "μm", symbol = "μm", utype = "length", scale = 1e-6, default = "dpi", defkey = "pitch", linkey = "pitch", link = "Dots per inch", }, ["pole"] = { symbol = "pole", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["pre1954U.S.nmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["pre1954USnmi"] = { name1 = "(pre-1954&nbsp;US) nautical mile", name1_us = "(pre-1954&nbsp;U.S.) nautical mile", symbol = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;US) nmi", sym_us = "(pre&#8209;1954&nbsp;U.S.) nmi", utype = "length", scale = 1853.24496, default = "km mi", link = "Nautical mile", }, ["rd"] = { name1 = "rod", symbol = "rd", utype = "length", scale = 5.0292, default = "ft m", link = "Rod (unit)", }, ["royal cubit"] = { name1 = "royal cubit", symbol = "cu", utype = "length", scale = 0.524, default = "mm", }, ["rtkm"] = { name1 = "route kilometre", name1_us = "route kilometer", symbol = "km", utype = "length", scale = 1000, default = "mi", link = "Kilometre", }, ["rtmi"] = { name1 = "route mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", link = "Mile", }, ["shaku"] = { name2 = "shaku", symbol = "shaku", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.30303030303030304, default = "m", link = "Shaku (unit)", }, ["sm"] = { name1 = "smoot", symbol = "sm", utype = "length", scale = 1.70180, default = "m", link = "Smoot (unit)", }, ["smi"] = { name1 = "statute mile", symbol = "mi", utype = "length", scale = 1609.344, default = "km", subdivs = { ["chain"] = { 80, default = "km" } }, }, ["solar radius"] = { name1 = "solar radius", name2 = "solar radii", symbol = "''R''_☉", utype = "length", scale = 695700e3, default = "km", }, ["sun"] = { name2 = "sun", symbol = "sun", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.030303030303030304, default = "mm", link = "Japanese units of measurement#Length", }, ["thou"] = { name2 = "thou", symbol = "thou", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 0.0000254, default = "mm", link = "Thousandth of an inch", }, ["verst"] = { symbol = "verst", usename = 1, utype = "length", scale = 1066.8, default = "km mi", }, ["yd"] = { name1 = "yard", symbol = "yd", utype = "length", scale = 0.9144, default = "m", subdivs = { ["ft"] = { 3, default = "m" } }, }, ["μin"] = { name1 = "microinch", name2 = "microinches", symbol = "μin", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000254, default = "nm", link = "SI prefix#Non-metric units", }, ["Å"] = { name1 = "ångström", symbol = "Å", utype = "length", scale = 0.0000000001, default = "in", }, ["Hz"] = { _name1 = "hertz", _name2 = "hertz", _symbol = "Hz", utype = "length", scale = 3.3356409519815204e-9, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, prefixes = 1, default = "m", link = "Hertz", }, ["rpm"] = { name1 = "revolution per minute", name2 = "revolutions per minute", symbol = "rpm", utype = "length", scale = 5.5594015866358675e-11, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "Hz", link = "Revolutions per minute", }, ["-ft-frac"] = { target = "ft", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-in-stiff"] = { target = "in", link = "Stiffness", }, ["-m-frac"] = { target = "m", link = "Fracture gradient", }, ["-m-stiff"] = { target = "m", link = "Stiffness", }, ["100km"] = { target = "km", multiplier= 100, }, ["100mi"] = { target = "mi", multiplier= 100, }, ["100miles"] = { target = "mi", symbol = "miles", multiplier= 100, }, ["admiralty nmi"] = { target = "oldUKnmi", }, ["angstrom"] = { target = "Å", }, ["au"] = { target = "AU", symbol = "au", }, ["feet"] = { target = "ft", }, ["hands"] = { target = "hand", }, ["inch"] = { target = "in", }, ["inches"] = { target = "in", }, ["light-year"] = { target = "ly", }, ["meter"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["meters"] = { target = "m", sp_us = true, }, ["metre"] = { target = "m", }, ["metres"] = { target = "m", }, ["micrometre"] = { target = "μm", }, ["micron"] = { target = "μm", default = "μin", }, ["mile"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["miles"] = { target = "mi", usename = 1, }, ["parsec"] = { target = "pc", }, ["rod"] = { target = "rd", }, ["smoot"] = { target = "sm", }, ["uin"] = { target = "μin", }, ["yard"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yards"] = { target = "yd", }, ["yds"] = { target = "yd", }, ["dtex"] = { name1 = "decitex", name2 = "decitex", symbol = "dtex", utype = "linear density", scale = 1e-7, default = "lb/yd", link = "Units of textile measurement#Units", }, ["kg/cm"] = { name1 = "kilogram per centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm", utype = "linear density", scale = 100, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["kg/m"] = { name1 = "kilogram per metre", name1_us = "kilogram per meter", name2 = "kilograms per metre", name2_us = "kilograms per meter", symbol = "kg/m", utype = "linear density", scale = 1, default = "lb/yd", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/ft"] = { name1 = "pound per foot", name2 = "pounds per foot", symbol = "lb/ft", utype = "linear density", scale = 1.4881639435695539, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["lb/yd"] = { name1 = "pound per yard", name2 = "pounds per yard", symbol = "lb/yd", utype = "linear density", scale = 0.49605464785651798, default = "kg/m", link = "Linear density", }, ["G"] = { _name1 = "gauss", _name2 = "gauss", _symbol = "G", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 0.0001, prefixes = 1, default = "T", link = "Gauss (unit)", }, ["T"] = { _name1 = "tesla", _symbol = "T", utype = "magnetic field strength", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "G", link = "Tesla (unit)", }, ["A/m"] = { name1 = "ampere per metre", name1_us = "ampere per meter", name2 = "amperes per metre", name2_us = "amperes per meter", symbol = "A/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1, default = "Oe", }, ["kA/m"] = { name1 = "kiloampere per metre", name1_us = "kiloampere per meter", name2 = "kiloamperes per metre", name2_us = "kiloamperes per meter", symbol = "kA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1000, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["MA/m"] = { name1 = "megaampere per metre", name1_us = "megaampere per meter", name2 = "megaamperes per metre", name2_us = "megaamperes per meter", symbol = "MA/m", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 1e6, default = "kOe", link = "Ampere per metre", }, ["Oe"] = { _name1 = "oersted", _symbol = "Oe", utype = "magnetizing field", scale = 79.5774715, prefixes = 1, default = "kA/m", link = "Oersted", }, ["-Lcwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", }, ["-Scwt"] = { name1 = "hundredweight", name2 = "hundredweight", symbol = "cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", }, ["-ST"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "ST", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["carat"] = { symbol = "carat", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.0002, default = "g", link = "Carat (mass)", }, ["Da"] = { _name1 = "dalton", _symbol = "Da", utype = "mass", scale = 1.66053906892e-27, prefixes = 1, default = "kg", link = "Dalton (unit)", }, ["drachm"] = { name1_us = "dram", symbol = "drachm", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.001771845195, default = "g", link = "Dram (unit)", }, ["dram"] = { target = "drachm", }, ["dwt"] = { name1 = "pennyweight", symbol = "dwt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00155517384, default = "oz g", }, ["DWton"] = { symbol = "deadweight ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "DWtonne", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["DWtonne"] = { name1_us = "deadweight metric ton", symbol = "deadweight tonne", sym_us = "~deadweight metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "DWton", link = "Deadweight tonnage", }, ["g"] = { _name1 = "gram", _symbol = "g", utype = "mass", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "oz", link = "Gram", }, ["gr"] = { name1 = "grain", symbol = "gr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.00006479891, default = "g", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["Gt"] = { name1 = "gigatonne", symbol = "Gt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["impgalh2o"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon of water", name2 = "imperial gallons of water", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 4.5359236999999499, default = "lb kg", link = "Imperial gallon", }, ["kt"] = { name1 = "kilotonne", symbol = "kt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["lb"] = { name1 = "pound", symbol = "lb", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, exception= "integer_more_precision", default = "kg", subdivs = { ["oz"] = { 16, default = "kg" } }, link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["Lcwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "Lcwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" }, ["st"] = { 8, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long cwt"] = { name1 = "long hundredweight", name2 = "long hundredweight", symbol = "long&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 50.80234544, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["qtr"] = { 4, default = "kg" } }, link = "Hundredweight", }, ["long qtr"] = { name1 = "long quarter", symbol = "long&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", }, ["LT"] = { symbol = "long ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["lt"] = { name1 = "long ton", symbol = "LT", utype = "mass", scale = 1016.0469088, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Lcwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Lcwt" } }, }, ["metric ton"] = { symbol = "metric ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "long ton", link = "Tonne", }, ["MT"] = { name1 = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["Mt"] = { name1 = "megatonne", symbol = "Mt", utype = "mass", scale = 1000000000, default = "LT ST", link = "Tonne", }, ["oz"] = { name1 = "ounce", symbol = "oz", utype = "mass", scale = 0.028349523125, default = "g", }, ["ozt"] = { name1 = "troy ounce", symbol = "ozt", utype = "mass", scale = 0.0311034768, default = "oz g", }, ["pdr"] = { name1 = "pounder", symbol = "pdr", utype = "mass", scale = 0.45359237, default = "kg", link = "Pound (mass)", }, ["qtr"] = { name1 = "quarter", symbol = "qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 12.70058636, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 28, default = "kg" } }, link = "Long quarter", }, ["Scwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "Scwt", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short cwt"] = { name1 = "short hundredweight", name2 = "short hundredweight", symbol = "short&nbsp;cwt", utype = "mass", scale = 45.359237, default = "lb kg", link = "Hundredweight", }, ["short qtr"] = { name1 = "short quarter", symbol = "short&nbsp;qtr", utype = "mass", scale = 11.33980925, default = "lb kg", }, ["ST"] = { symbol = "short ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", subdivs = { ["Scwt"] = { 20, default = "t", unit = "-Scwt" } }, }, ["shtn"] = { name1 = "short ton", symbol = "sh&nbsp;tn", utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["shton"] = { symbol = "ton", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 907.18474, default = "t", }, ["solar mass"] = { name1 = "solar mass", name2 = "solar masses", symbol = "''M''_☉", utype = "mass", scale = 1.98855e30, default = "kg", }, ["st"] = { name1 = "stone", name2 = "stone", symbol = "st", utype = "mass", scale = 6.35029318, default = "lb kg", subdivs = { ["lb"] = { 14, default = "kg lb" } }, link = "Stone (unit)", }, ["t"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "LT ST", }, ["tonne"] = { name1 = "tonne", name1_us = "metric ton", symbol = "t", utype = "mass", scale = 1000, default = "shton", }, ["troy pound"] = { symbol = "troy pound", usename = 1, utype = "mass", scale = 0.3732417216, default = "lb kg", link = "Troy weight", }, ["usgalh2o"] = { name1 = "US gallon of water", name1_us = "U.S. gallon of water", name2 = "US gallons of water", name2_us = "U.S. gallons of water", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal H₂O", utype = "mass", scale = 3.7776215836051126, default = "lb kg", link = "United States customary units#Fluid volume", }, ["viss"] = { name2 = "viss", symbol = "viss", utype = "mass", scale = 1.632932532, default = "kg", link = "Myanmar units of measurement#Mass", }, ["billion tonne"] = { target = "e9t", }, ["grain"] = { target = "gr", }, ["kilogram"] = { target = "kg", }, ["kilotonne"] = { target = "kt", }, ["lbs"] = { target = "lb", }, ["lbt"] = { target = "troy pound", }, ["lcwt"] = { target = "Lcwt", }, ["long ton"] = { target = "LT", }, ["mcg"] = { target = "μg", }, ["million tonne"] = { target = "e6t", }, ["scwt"] = { target = "Scwt", }, ["short ton"] = { target = "ST", }, ["stone"] = { target = "st", }, ["thousand tonne"] = { target = "e3t", }, ["tonnes"] = { target = "t", }, ["kg/kW"] = { name1 = "kilogram per kilowatt", name2 = "kilograms per kilowatt", symbol = "kg/kW", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.001, default = "lb/hp", link = "Kilowatt", }, ["lb/hp"] = { name1 = "pound per horsepower", name2 = "pounds per horsepower", symbol = "lb/hp", utype = "mass per unit power", scale = 0.00060827738784176115, default = "kg/kW", link = "Horsepower", }, ["kg/h"] = { per = { "kg", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "lb/h", }, ["lb/h"] = { per = { "lb", "h" }, utype = "mass per unit time", default = "kg/h", }, ["g-mol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "g-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["g-mol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "g&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/d"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per day", name2 = "gram-moles per day", symbol = "gmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/h"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per hour", name2 = "gram-moles per hour", symbol = "gmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/min"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per minute", name2 = "gram-moles per minute", symbol = "gmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "gmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["gmol/s"] = { name1 = "gram-mole per second", name2 = "gram-moles per second", symbol = "gmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lbmol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/d"] = { name1 = "kilomole per day", name2 = "kilomoles per day", symbol = "kmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/h"] = { name1 = "kilomole per hour", name2 = "kilomoles per hour", symbol = "kmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["kmol/min"] = { name1 = "kilomole per minute", name2 = "kilomoles per minute", symbol = "kmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 16.666666666666668, default = "mol/s", link = "Kilomole (unit)", }, ["kmol/s"] = { name1 = "kilomole per second", name2 = "kilomoles per second", symbol = "kmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1000, default = "lb-mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["lb-mol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lb-mol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lb&#8209;mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/d"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per day", name2 = "pound-moles per day", symbol = "lbmol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.0052499116898148141, default = "mmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/h"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per hour", name2 = "pound-moles per hour", symbol = "lbmol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.12599788055555555, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/min"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per minute", name2 = "pound-moles per minute", symbol = "lbmol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 7.5598728333333334, default = "mol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["lbmol/s"] = { name1 = "pound-mole per second", name2 = "pound-moles per second", symbol = "lbmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 453.59237, default = "kmol/s", link = "Pound-mole", }, ["mmol/s"] = { name1 = "millimole per second", name2 = "millimoles per second", symbol = "mmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/d"] = { name1 = "mole per day", name2 = "moles per day", symbol = "mol/d", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1.1574074074074073e-5, default = "μmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/h"] = { name1 = "mole per hour", name2 = "moles per hour", symbol = "mol/h", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.00027777777777777778, default = "mmol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/min"] = { name1 = "mole per minute", name2 = "moles per minute", symbol = "mol/min", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "mol/s", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["mol/s"] = { name1 = "mole per second", name2 = "moles per second", symbol = "mol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 1, default = "lb-mol/min", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["μmol/s"] = { name1 = "micromole per second", name2 = "micromoles per second", symbol = "μmol/s", utype = "molar rate", scale = 0.000001, default = "lb-mol/d", link = "Mole (unit)", }, ["umol/s"] = { target = "μmol/s", }, ["/acre"] = { name1 = "per acre", name2 = "per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["/ha"] = { name1 = "per hectare", name2 = "per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["/sqcm"] = { name1 = "per square centimetre", name1_us = "per square centimeter", name2 = "per square centimetre", name2_us = "per square centimeter", symbol = "/cm²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e4, default = "/sqin", link = "Square centimetre", }, ["/sqin"] = { name1 = "per square inch", name2 = "per square inch", symbol = "/in²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1550.0031000062002, default = "/sqcm", link = "Square inch", }, ["/sqkm"] = { name1 = "per square kilometre", name1_us = "per square kilometer", name2 = "per square kilometre", name2_us = "per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["/sqmi"] = { name1 = "per square mile", name2 = "per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["PD/acre"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per acre", name2 = "inhabitants per acre", symbol = "/acre", utype = "per unit area", scale = 0.00024710538146716532, default = "PD/ha", link = "Acre", }, ["PD/ha"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per hectare", name2 = "inhabitants per hectare", symbol = "/ha", utype = "per unit area", scale = 100e-6, default = "PD/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["PD/sqkm"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square kilometre", name1_us = "inhabitant per square kilometer", name2 = "inhabitants per square kilometre", name2_us = "inhabitants per square kilometer", symbol = "/km²", utype = "per unit area", scale = 1e-6, default = "PD/sqmi", link = "Square kilometre", }, ["PD/sqmi"] = { name1 = "inhabitant per square mile", name2 = "inhabitants per square mile", symbol = "/sq&nbsp;mi", utype = "per unit area", scale = 3.8610215854244582e-7, default = "PD/sqkm", link = "Square mile", }, ["/cm2"] = { target = "/sqcm", }, ["/in2"] = { target = "/sqin", }, ["/km2"] = { target = "/sqkm", }, ["pd/acre"] = { target = "PD/acre", }, ["pd/ha"] = { target = "PD/ha", }, ["PD/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/km2"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["PD/km²"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqkm"] = { target = "PD/sqkm", }, ["pd/sqmi"] = { target = "PD/sqmi", }, ["/l"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/l", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/L"] = { name1 = "per litre", name1_us = "per liter", name2 = "per litre", name2_us = "per liter", symbol = "/L", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 1000, default = "/usgal", link = "Litre", }, ["/USgal"] = { name1 = "per gallon", name2 = "per gallon", symbol = "/gal", utype = "per unit volume", scale = 264.172052, default = "/L", link = "US gallon", customary= 2, }, ["/usgal"] = { target = "/USgal", }, ["bhp"] = { name1 = "brake horsepower", name2 = "brake horsepower", symbol = "bhp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Brake horsepower", }, ["Cal/d"] = { name1 = "large calorie per day", name2 = "large calories per day", symbol = "Cal/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.048425925925925928, default = "kJ/d", link = "Calorie", }, ["Cal/h"] = { name1 = "large calorie per hour", name2 = "large calories per hour", symbol = "Cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kJ/h", link = "Calorie", }, ["cal/h"] = { name1 = "calorie per hour", name2 = "calories per hour", symbol = "cal/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.0011622222222222223, default = "W", link = "Calorie", }, ["CV"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "CV", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hk"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hk", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["hp"] = { name1 = "horsepower", name2 = "horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", }, ["hp-electric"] = { name1 = "electric horsepower", name2 = "electric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-electrical"] = { name1 = "electrical horsepower", name2 = "electrical horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 746, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Electrical horsepower", }, ["hp-metric"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "hp", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["ihp"] = { name1 = "indicated horsepower", name2 = "indicated horsepower", symbol = "ihp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Indicated horsepower", }, ["kcal/h"] = { name1 = "kilocalorie per hour", name2 = "kilocalories per hour", symbol = "kcal/h", utype = "power", scale = 1.1622222222222223, default = "kW", link = "Calorie", }, ["kJ/d"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per day", name2 = "kilojoules per day", symbol = "kJ/d", utype = "power", scale = 0.011574074074074073, default = "Cal/d", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["kJ/h"] = { name1 = "kilojoule per hour", name2 = "kilojoules per hour", symbol = "kJ/h", utype = "power", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "W", link = "Kilojoule", }, ["PS"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower", name2 = "metric horsepower", symbol = "PS", utype = "power", scale = 735.49875, default = "kW", }, ["shp"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower", name2 = "shaft horsepower", symbol = "shp", utype = "power", scale = 745.69987158227022, default = "kW", link = "Horsepower#Shaft horsepower", }, ["W"] = { _name1 = "watt", _symbol = "W", utype = "power", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "hp", link = "Watt", }, ["BTU/h"] = { per = { "BTU", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["Btu/h"] = { per = { "Btu", "h" }, utype = "power", default = "W", }, ["BHP"] = { target = "bhp", }, ["btu/h"] = { target = "BTU/h", }, ["HP"] = { target = "hp", }, ["Hp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp-mechanical"] = { target = "hp", }, ["IHP"] = { target = "ihp", }, ["SHP"] = { target = "shp", }, ["whp"] = { target = "hp", }, ["hp/lb"] = { name1 = "horsepower per pound", name2 = "horsepower per pound", symbol = "hp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/LT"] = { name1 = "horsepower per long ton", name2 = "horsepower per long ton", symbol = "hp/LT", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73392268125000004, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/ST"] = { name1 = "horsepower per short ton", name2 = "horsepower per short ton", symbol = "hp/ST", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.821993403, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/t"] = { name1 = "horsepower per tonne", name2 = "horsepower per tonne", symbol = "hp/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.74569987158227022, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/kg"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per kilogram", name2 = "kilowatts per kilogram", symbol = "kW/kg", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1000, default = "hp/lb", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["kW/t"] = { name1 = "kilowatt per tonne", name2 = "kilowatts per tonne", symbol = "kW/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1, default = "PS/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["PS/t"] = { name1 = "metric horsepower per tonne", name2 = "metric horsepower per tonne", symbol = "PS/t", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 0.73549875, default = "kW/t", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["shp/lb"] = { name1 = "shaft horsepower per pound", name2 = "shaft horsepower per pound", symbol = "shp/lb", utype = "power per unit mass", scale = 1643.986806, default = "kW/kg", link = "Power-to-weight ratio", }, ["hp/tonne"] = { target = "hp/t", symbol = "hp/tonne", default = "kW/tonne", }, ["kW/tonne"] = { target = "kW/t", symbol = "kW/tonne", }, ["-lb/in2"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "lb/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["atm"] = { name1 = "standard atmosphere", symbol = "atm", utype = "pressure", scale = 101325, default = "kPa", link = "Atmosphere (unit)", }, ["Ba"] = { name1 = "barye", symbol = "Ba", utype = "pressure", scale = 0.1, default = "Pa", }, ["bar"] = { symbol = "bar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["dbar"] = { name1 = "decibar", symbol = "dbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 10000, default = "kPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["inHg"] = { name1 = "inch of mercury", name2 = "inches of mercury", symbol = "inHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 3386.388640341, default = "kPa", }, ["kBa"] = { name1 = "kilobarye", symbol = "kBa", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Barye", }, ["kg-f/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kg_f/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kg/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms per square centimeter", symbol = "kg/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["kgf/cm2"] = { name1 = "kilogram-force per square centimetre", name1_us = "kilogram-force per square centimeter", name2 = "kilograms-force per square centimetre", name2_us = "kilograms-force per square centimeter", symbol = "kgf/cm²", utype = "pressure", scale = 98066.5, default = "psi", link = "Kilogram-force", }, ["ksi"] = { name1 = "kilopound per square inch", name2 = "kilopounds per square inch", symbol = "ksi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894757.2931683613, default = "MPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["lbf/in2"] = { name1 = "pound-force per square inch", name2 = "pounds-force per square inch", symbol = "lbf/in²", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa kgf/cm2", }, ["mb"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mb", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mbar"] = { name1 = "millibar", symbol = "mbar", utype = "pressure", scale = 100, default = "hPa", link = "Bar (unit)", }, ["mmHg"] = { name1 = "millimetre of mercury", name1_us = "millimeter of mercury", name2 = "millimetres of mercury", name2_us = "millimeters of mercury", symbol = "mmHg", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.322387415, default = "kPa", }, ["Pa"] = { _name1 = "pascal", _symbol = "Pa", utype = "pressure", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "psi", link = "Pascal (unit)", }, ["psf"] = { name1 = "pound per square foot", name2 = "pounds per square foot", symbol = "psf", utype = "pressure", scale = 47.880258980335839, default = "kPa", link = "Pound per square inch", }, ["psi"] = { name1 = "pound per square inch", name2 = "pounds per square inch", symbol = "psi", utype = "pressure", scale = 6894.7572931683608, default = "kPa", }, ["Torr"] = { name1 = "torr", symbol = "Torr", utype = "pressure", scale = 133.32236842105263, default = "kPa", }, ["N/cm2"] = { per = { "N", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["N/m2"] = { per = { "N", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "psi", }, ["g/cm2"] = { per = { "g", "cm2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["g/m2"] = { per = { "g", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/ha"] = { per = { "kg", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kg/m2"] = { per = { "kg", "m2" }, utype = "pressure", default = "lb/sqft", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/1000sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "1000sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/acre"] = { per = { "lb", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqft"] = { per = { "lb", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["lb/sqyd"] = { per = { "lb", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "kg/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["LT/acre"] = { per = { "LT", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["MT/ha"] = { per = { "MT", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqft"] = { per = { "oz", "sqft" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["oz/sqyd"] = { per = { "oz", "sqyd" }, utype = "pressure", default = "g/m2", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["ST/acre"] = { per = { "ST", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "t/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["t/ha"] = { per = { "t", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "LT/acre ST/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/acre"] = { per = { "tonne", "acre" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/ha", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["tonne/ha"] = { per = { "tonne", "ha" }, utype = "pressure", default = "tonne/acre", multiplier= 9.80665, }, ["kgfpsqcm"] = { target = "kgf/cm2", }, ["kgpsqcm"] = { target = "kg/cm2", }, ["kN/m2"] = { target = "kPa", }, ["lb/in2"] = { target = "lbf/in2", }, ["torr"] = { target = "Torr", }, ["Bq"] = { _name1 = "becquerel", _symbol = "Bq", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "pCi", link = "Becquerel", }, ["Ci"] = { _name1 = "curie", _symbol = "Ci", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 3.7e10, prefixes = 1, default = "GBq", link = "Curie (unit)", }, ["Rd"] = { _name1 = "rutherford", _symbol = "Rd", utype = "radioactivity", scale = 1e6, prefixes = 1, default = "MBq", link = "Rutherford (unit)", }, ["cm/h"] = { name1 = "centimetre per hour", name1_us = "centimeter per hour", name2 = "centimetres per hour", name2_us = "centimeters per hour", symbol = "cm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777775e-6, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/s"] = { name1 = "centimetre per second", name1_us = "centimeter per second", name2 = "centimetres per second", name2_us = "centimeters per second", symbol = "cm/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.01, default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["cm/year"] = { name1 = "centimetre per year", name1_us = "centimeter per year", name2 = "centimetres per year", name2_us = "centimeters per year", symbol = "cm/year", utype = "speed", scale = 3.168873850681143e-10, default = "in/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["foot/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "foot per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", }, ["ft/min"] = { name1 = "foot per minute", name2 = "feet per minute", symbol = "ft/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.00508, default = "m/min", link = "Feet per second", }, ["ft/s"] = { name1 = "foot per second", name2 = "feet per second", symbol = "ft/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.3048, default = "m/s", link = "Feet per second", }, ["furlong per fortnight"] = { name2 = "furlongs per fortnight", symbol = "furlong per fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "speed", scale = 0.00016630952380952381, default = "km/h mph", link = "FFF system", }, ["in/h"] = { name1 = "inch per hour", name2 = "inches per hour", symbol = "in/h", utype = "speed", scale = 7.0555555555555559e-6, default = "cm/h", link = "Inch", }, ["in/s"] = { name1 = "inch per second", name2 = "inches per second", symbol = "in/s", utype = "speed", scale = 0.0254, default = "cm/s", link = "Inch", }, ["in/year"] = { name1 = "inch per year", name2 = "inches per year", symbol = "in/year", utype = "speed", scale = 8.0489395807301024e-10, default = "cm/year", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["isp"] = { name1 = "second", symbol = "s", utype = "speed", scale = 9.80665, default = "km/s", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["km/d"] = { name1 = "kilometre per day", name1_us = "kilometer per day", name2 = "kilometres per day", name2_us = "kilometers per day", symbol = "km/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.1574074074074074e-2, default = "mi/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["km/h"] = { name1 = "kilometre per hour", name1_us = "kilometer per hour", name2 = "kilometres per hour", name2_us = "kilometers per hour", symbol = "km/h", utype = "speed", scale = 0.27777777777777779, default = "mph", link = "Kilometres per hour", }, ["km/s"] = { name1 = "kilometre per second", name1_us = "kilometer per second", name2 = "kilometres per second", name2_us = "kilometers per second", symbol = "km/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "mi/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["kn"] = { name1 = "knot", symbol = "kn", utype = "speed", scale = 0.51444444444444448, default = "km/h mph", link = "Knot (unit)", }, ["kNs/kg"] = { name2 = "kN&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "kN&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1000, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["m/min"] = { name1 = "metre per minute", name1_us = "meter per minute", name2 = "metres per minute", name2_us = "meters per minute", symbol = "m/min", utype = "speed", scale = 0.016666666666666666, default = "ft/min", link = "Metre per second", }, ["m/s"] = { name1 = "metre per second", name1_us = "meter per second", name2 = "metres per second", name2_us = "meters per second", symbol = "m/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "ft/s", }, ["Mach"] = { name2 = "Mach", symbol = "Mach", utype = "speed", builtin = "mach", scale = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "km/h mph", link = "Mach number", }, ["mi/d"] = { name1 = "mile per day", name2 = "miles per day", symbol = "mi/d", utype = "speed", scale = 1.8626666666666667e-2, default = "km/d", link = "Orders of magnitude (speed)", }, ["mi/s"] = { name1 = "mile per second", name2 = "miles per second", symbol = "mi/s", utype = "speed", scale = 1609.344, default = "km/s", link = "Mile", }, ["mm/h"] = { name1 = "millimetre per hour", name1_us = "millimeter per hour", name2 = "millimetres per hour", name2_us = "millimeters per hour", symbol = "mm/h", utype = "speed", scale = 2.7777777777777781e-7, default = "in/h", link = "Metre per second", }, ["mph"] = { name1 = "mile per hour", name2 = "miles per hour", symbol = "mph", utype = "speed", scale = 0.44704, default = "km/h", link = "Miles per hour", }, ["Ns/kg"] = { name2 = "N&#8209;s/kg", symbol = "N&#8209;s/kg", utype = "speed", scale = 1, default = "isp", link = "Specific impulse", }, ["si tsfc"] = { name2 = "g/(kN⋅s)", symbol = "g/(kN⋅s)", utype = "speed", scale = 9.9999628621379242e-7, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["tsfc"] = { name2 = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", symbol = "lb/(lbf⋅h)", utype = "speed", scale = 2.832545036049801e-5, invert = -1, iscomplex= true, default = "si tsfc", link = "Thrust specific fuel consumption", }, ["cm/y"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["cm/yr"] = { target = "cm/year", }, ["in/y"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["in/yr"] = { target = "in/year", }, ["knot"] = { target = "kn", }, ["knots"] = { target = "kn", }, ["kph"] = { target = "km/h", }, ["mi/h"] = { target = "mph", }, ["mm/s"] = { per = { "mm", "s" }, utype = "speed", default = "in/s", link = "Metre per second", }, ["C"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius", name2 = "degrees Celsius", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = -273.15, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "F", link = "Celsius", }, ["F"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 32-273.15*(9/5), iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "C", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K"] = { _name1 = "kelvin", _symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 1, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, prefixes = 1, default = "C F", link = "Kelvin", }, ["keVT"] = { name1 = "kiloelectronvolt", symbol = "keV", utype = "temperature", scale = 11604518.121550081, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, default = "MK", defkey = "keVT", linkey = "keVT", link = "Electronvolt", }, ["R"] = { name1 = "degree Rankine", name2 = "degrees Rankine", symbol = "°R", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature", scale = 0.55555555555555558, offset = 0, iscomplex= true, istemperature= true, default = "K F C", link = "Rankine scale", }, ["Celsius"] = { target = "C", }, ["°C"] = { target = "C", }, ["°F"] = { target = "F", }, ["°R"] = { target = "R", }, ["C-change"] = { name1 = "degree Celsius change", name2 = "degrees Celsius change", symbol = "°C", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Celsius", }, ["F-change"] = { name1 = "degree Fahrenheit change", name2 = "degrees Fahrenheit change", symbol = "°F", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 0.55555555555555558, default = "C-change", link = "Fahrenheit", }, ["K-change"] = { name1 = "kelvin change", name2 = "kelvins change", symbol = "K", usesymbol= 1, utype = "temperature change", scale = 1, default = "F-change", link = "Kelvin", }, ["°C-change"] = { target = "C-change", }, ["°F-change"] = { target = "F-change", }, ["century"] = { name1 = "century", name2 = "centuries", symbol = "ha", utype = "time", scale = 3155760000, default = "Gs", }, ["d"] = { name1 = "day", symbol = "d", utype = "time", scale = 86400, default = "ks", }, ["decade"] = { name1 = "decade", symbol = "daa", utype = "time", scale = 315576000, default = "Ms", }, ["dog year"] = { name1 = "dog year", symbol = "dog yr", utype = "time", scale = 220903200, default = "years", link = "List of unusual units of measurement#Dog year", }, ["fortnight"] = { symbol = "fortnight", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 1209600, default = "week", }, ["h"] = { name1 = "hour", symbol = "h", utype = "time", scale = 3600, default = "ks", }, ["long billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["millennium"] = { name1 = "millennium", name2 = "millennia", symbol = "ka", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000, default = "Gs", }, ["milliard year"] = { name1 = "milliard years", name2 = "milliard years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["million year"] = { name1 = "million years", name2 = "million years", symbol = "Ma", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000, default = "Ts", link = "Annum", }, ["min"] = { name1 = "minute", symbol = "min", utype = "time", scale = 60, default = "s", }, ["month"] = { symbol = "month", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "Ms", }, ["months"] = { name1 = "month", symbol = "mo", utype = "time", scale = 2629800, default = "year", }, ["s"] = { _name1 = "second", _symbol = "s", utype = "time", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "v < 7200 ! min ! h", link = "Second", }, ["short billion year"] = { name1 = "billion years", name2 = "billion years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["short trillion year"] = { name1 = "trillion years", name2 = "trillion years", symbol = "Ta", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000000, default = "Es", link = "Annum", }, ["thousand million year"] = { name1 = "thousand million years", name2 = "thousand million years", symbol = "Ga", utype = "time", scale = 31557600000000000, default = "Ps", link = "Annum", }, ["wk"] = { symbol = "week", usename = 1, utype = "time", scale = 604800, default = "Ms", }, ["year"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "a", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["years"] = { name1 = "year", symbol = "yr", utype = "time", scale = 31557600, default = "Ms", link = "Annum", }, ["byr"] = { target = "short billion year", }, ["day"] = { target = "d", }, ["days"] = { target = "d", }, ["dog yr"] = { target = "dog year", }, ["Gyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["hour"] = { target = "h", }, ["hours"] = { target = "h", }, ["kMyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["kyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["long byr"] = { target = "long billion year", }, ["minute"] = { target = "min", }, ["minutes"] = { target = "min", }, ["mth"] = { target = "month", }, ["Myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["myr"] = { target = "million year", }, ["sec"] = { target = "s", }, ["second"] = { target = "s", }, ["seconds"] = { target = "s", }, ["tmyr"] = { target = "thousand million year", }, ["tryr"] = { target = "short trillion year", }, ["tyr"] = { target = "millennium", }, ["week"] = { target = "wk", }, ["weeks"] = { target = "wk", }, ["yr"] = { target = "year", }, ["kg.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgf.m"] = { name1 = "kilogram force-metre", name1_us = "kilogram force-meter", symbol = "kgf⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kgm"] = { name1 = "kilogram metre", name1_us = "kilogram meter", symbol = "kg⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["kpm"] = { name1 = "kilopond metre", name1_us = "kilopond meter", symbol = "kp⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["lb-fft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "ft⋅lb_f", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.ft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lb.in"] = { name1 = "pound force-inch", symbol = "lb⋅in", utype = "torque", scale = 0.1129848290276167, default = "mN.m", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbfft"] = { name1 = "pound force-foot", name2 = "pound force-feet", symbol = "lbf⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["lbft"] = { name1 = "pound-foot", name2 = "pound-feet", symbol = "lb⋅ft", utype = "torque", scale = 1.3558179483314004, default = "Nm", link = "Pound-foot (torque)", }, ["m.kg-f"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kg_f", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["m.kgf"] = { name1 = "metre kilogram-force", name1_us = "meter kilogram-force", name2 = "metre kilograms-force", name2_us = "meter kilograms-force", symbol = "m⋅kgf", utype = "torque", scale = 9.80665, default = "Nm lbfft", link = "Kilogram metre (torque)", }, ["mN.m"] = { name1 = "millinewton-metre", name1_us = "millinewton-meter", symbol = "mN⋅m", utype = "torque", scale = 0.001, default = "lb.in", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["Nm"] = { _name1 = "newton-metre", _name1_us= "newton-meter", _symbol = "N⋅m", utype = "torque", alttype = "energy", scale = 1, prefixes = 1, default = "lbfft", link = "Newton-metre", }, ["kN/m"] = { per = { "kN", "-m-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "lbf/in", }, ["lbf/in"] = { per = { "lbf", "-in-stiff" }, utype = "torque", default = "kN/m", }, ["lb-f.ft"] = { target = "lb-fft", }, ["lbf.ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lbf·ft"] = { target = "lbfft", }, ["lb·ft"] = { target = "lb.ft", }, ["mkg-f"] = { target = "m.kg-f", }, ["mkgf"] = { target = "m.kgf", }, ["N.m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["N·m"] = { target = "Nm", }, ["ton-mile"] = { symbol = "ton-mile", usename = 1, utype = "transportation", scale = 1.4599723182105602, default = "tkm", }, ["tkm"] = { name1 = "tonne-kilometre", name1_us = "tonne-kilometer", symbol = "tkm", utype = "transportation", scale = 1, default = "ton-mile", }, ["-12USoz(mL)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;mL) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USoz(ml)serve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz (355&nbsp;ml) serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "ml", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["-12USozserve"] = { name1_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", symbol = "12&nbsp;US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", sym_us = "12&nbsp;U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz serving", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00035488235475000004, default = "mL", link = "Beverage can#Standard sizes", }, ["acre-foot"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-foot", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["acre-ft"] = { name1 = "acre-foot", name2 = "acre-feet", symbol = "acre⋅ft", utype = "volume", scale = 1233.48183754752, default = "m3", }, ["AUtbsp"] = { name1 = "Australian tablespoon", symbol = "AU&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000020, default = "ml", }, ["Bcuft"] = { name1 = "billion cubic foot", name2 = "billion cubic feet", symbol = "billion cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "Gl", link = "Cubic foot", }, ["bdft"] = { name1 = "board foot", name2 = "board feet", symbol = "bd&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board feet"] = { name2 = "board feet", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["board foot"] = { name2 = "board foot", symbol = "board foot", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.0023597372167, default = "m3", }, ["cc"] = { name1 = "cubic centimetre", name1_us = "cubic centimeter", symbol = "cc", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000001, default = "cuin", }, ["CID"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cc", link = "Cubic inch#Engine displacement", }, ["cord"] = { symbol = "cord", utype = "volume", scale = 3.624556363776, default = "m3", link = "Cord (unit)", }, ["cufoot"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic foot", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuft"] = { name1 = "cubic foot", name2 = "cubic feet", symbol = "cu&nbsp;ft", utype = "volume", scale = 0.028316846592, default = "m3", }, ["cuin"] = { name1 = "cubic inch", name2 = "cubic inches", symbol = "cu&nbsp;in", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000016387064, default = "cm3", }, ["cumi"] = { name1 = "cubic mile", symbol = "cu&nbsp;mi", utype = "volume", scale = 4168181825.440579584, default = "km3", }, ["cuyd"] = { name1 = "cubic yard", symbol = "cu&nbsp;yd", utype = "volume", scale = 0.764554857984, default = "m3", }, ["firkin"] = { symbol = "firkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.04091481, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Firkin (unit)", }, ["foot3"] = { target = "cufoot", }, ["Goilbbl"] = { name1 = "billion barrels", name2 = "billion barrels", symbol = "Gbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294.928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["gr water"] = { name1 = "grains water", name2 = "grains water", symbol = "gr H₂O", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00000006479891, default = "cm3", link = "Grain (unit)", }, ["grt"] = { name1 = "gross register ton", symbol = "grt", utype = "volume", scale = 2.8316846592, default = "m3", link = "Gross register tonnage", }, ["impbbl"] = { name1 = "imperial barrel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.16365924, default = "L impgal USgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["impbsh"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "L impgal USdrygal", }, ["impbu"] = { name1 = "imperial bushel", symbol = "imp&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03636872, default = "m3", }, ["impgal"] = { name1 = "imperial gallon", symbol = "imp&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00454609, default = "L USgal", }, ["impgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001420653125, default = "ml USoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["impkenning"] = { name1 = "imperial kenning", symbol = "kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01818436, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["impoz"] = { name1 = "imperial fluid ounce", symbol = "imp&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000284130625, default = "ml USoz", }, ["imppk"] = { name1 = "imperial peck", symbol = "pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00909218, default = "L USdrygal", link = "Peck", }, ["imppt"] = { name1 = "imperial pint", symbol = "imp&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00056826125, default = "L", }, ["impqt"] = { name1 = "imperial quart", symbol = "imp&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0011365225, default = "ml USoz", customary= 3, }, ["kilderkin"] = { symbol = "kilderkin", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.08182962, default = "L impgal USgal", }, ["koilbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "kbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! ! e3 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["L"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "L", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["l"] = { _name1 = "litre", _name1_us= "liter", _symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, prefixes = 1, default = "impgal USgal", link = "Litre", }, ["ll"] = { name1 = "litre", name1_us = "liter", symbol = "l", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001, default = "impgal USgal", }, ["m3"] = { _name1 = "cubic metre", _name1_us= "cubic meter", _symbol = "m³", prefix_position= 7, utype = "volume", scale = 1, prefixes = 3, default = "cuft", link = "Cubic metre", }, ["Mbbl"] = { name1 = "thousand barrels", name2 = "thousand barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158.987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MMoilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "MMbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["Moilbbl"] = { name1 = "million barrels", name2 = "million barrels", symbol = "Mbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987.294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["MTON"] = { name1 = "measurement ton", symbol = "MTON", utype = "volume", scale = 1.13267386368, default = "m3", }, ["MUSgal"] = { name1 = "million US gallons", name1_us = "million U.S. gallons", name2 = "million US gallons", name2_us = "million U.S. gallons", symbol = "million US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "million U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 3785.411784, default = "Ml", link = "US gallon", }, ["oilbbl"] = { name1 = "barrel", symbol = "bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.158987294928, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["stere"] = { symbol = "stere", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 1, default = "cuft", }, ["tmcft"] = { name2 = "tmcft", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", }, ["Tmcft"] = { name1 = "thousand million cubic feet", name2 = "thousand million cubic feet", symbol = "tmcft", utype = "volume", scale = 28316846.592, default = "km3", link = "Tmcft", }, ["Toilbbl"] = { name1 = "trillion barrels", name2 = "trillion barrels", symbol = "Tbbl", utype = "volume", scale = 158987294928, default = "v * 1.58987294928 < 10 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", link = "Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel", }, ["USbbl"] = { name1 = "US barrel", name1_us = "U.S. barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.119240471196, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbeerbbl"] = { name1 = "US beer barrel", name1_us = "U.S. beer barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.117347765304, default = "L USgal impgal", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USbsh"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bsh", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bsh", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USbu"] = { name1 = "US bushel", name1_us = "U.S. bushel", symbol = "US&nbsp;bu", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;bu", utype = "volume", scale = 0.03523907016688, default = "L USdrygal impgal", link = "Bushel", }, ["USdrybbl"] = { name1 = "US dry barrel", name1_us = "U.S. dry barrel", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;bbl", utype = "volume", scale = 0.11562819898508, default = "m3", link = "Barrel (unit)", }, ["USdrygal"] = { name1 = "US dry gallon", name1_us = "U.S. dry gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00440488377086, default = "L", link = "Gallon", }, ["USdrypt"] = { name1 = "US dry pint", name1_us = "U.S. dry pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0005506104713575, default = "ml", link = "Pint", }, ["USdryqt"] = { name1 = "US dry quart", name1_us = "U.S. dry quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;dry&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.001101220942715, default = "ml", link = "Quart", }, ["USflgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US fl gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", link = "Gallon", }, ["USgal"] = { name1 = "US gallon", name1_us = "U.S. gallon", symbol = "US&nbsp;gal", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;gal", utype = "volume", scale = 0.003785411784, default = "L impgal", }, ["USgi"] = { name1 = "gill", symbol = "gi", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0001182941183, default = "ml impoz", link = "Gill (unit)", }, ["USkenning"] = { name1 = "US kenning", name1_us = "U.S. kenning", symbol = "US&nbsp;kenning", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;kenning", utype = "volume", scale = 0.01761953508344, default = "L impgal", link = "Kenning (unit)", }, ["USmin"] = { name1 = "US minim", name1_us = "U.S. minim", symbol = "US&nbsp;min", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;min", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000000061611519921875, default = "ml", link = "Minim (unit)", }, ["USoz"] = { name1 = "US fluid ounce", name1_us = "U.S. fluid ounce", symbol = "US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz", utype = "volume", scale = 0.0000295735295625, default = "ml", }, ["USpk"] = { name1 = "US peck", name1_us = "U.S. peck", symbol = "US&nbsp;pk", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pk", utype = "volume", scale = 0.00880976754172, default = "L impgal", link = "Peck", }, ["USpt"] = { name1 = "US pint", name1_us = "U.S. pint", symbol = "US&nbsp;pt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;pt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000473176473, default = "L imppt", link = "Pint", }, ["USqt"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml", link = "Quart", customary= 1, }, ["USquart"] = { name1 = "US quart", name1_us = "U.S. quart", symbol = "US&nbsp;qt", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;qt", utype = "volume", scale = 0.000946352946, default = "ml impoz", link = "Quart", }, ["UStbsp"] = { name1 = "US tablespoon", name1_us = "U.S. tablespoon", symbol = "US&nbsp;tbsp", sym_us = "U.S.&nbsp;tbsp", utype = "volume", scale = 1.4786764781250001e-5, default = "ml", }, ["winecase"] = { symbol = "case", usename = 1, utype = "volume", scale = 0.009, default = "L", link = "Case (goods)", }, ["*U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["*U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, customary= 2, }, ["+USdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", customary= 1, }, ["+usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", link = "Fluid ounce", customary= 1, }, ["+USgal"] = { target = "USgal", customary= 1, }, ["+USoz"] = { target = "USoz", customary= 1, }, ["@impgal"] = { target = "impgal", link = "Gallon", customary= 3, }, ["acre feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre-feet"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre.foot"] = { target = "acre-foot", }, ["acre.ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["acre·ft"] = { target = "acre-ft", }, ["bushels"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["cid"] = { target = "CID", }, ["ft3"] = { target = "cuft", symbol = "ft³", }, ["gal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["gallon"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallon%})", }, ["gallons"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USgal%} for US gallons or %{impgal%} for imperial gallons (not %{gallons%})", }, ["Gcuft"] = { target = "e9cuft", }, ["impfloz"] = { target = "impoz", }, ["Impgal"] = { target = "impgal", }, ["in3"] = { target = "cuin", symbol = "in³", }, ["hm³"] = { target = "hm3", }, ["kcuft"] = { target = "e3cuft", }, ["kcum"] = { target = "e3m3", }, ["km³"] = { target = "km3", }, ["liter"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["liters"] = { target = "L", sp_us = true, }, ["litre"] = { target = "L", }, ["litres"] = { target = "L", }, ["Mcuft"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["Mcum"] = { target = "e6m3", }, ["Mft3"] = { target = "e6cuft", }, ["mi3"] = { target = "cumi", symbol = "mi³", }, ["m³"] = { target = "m3", }, ["Pcuft"] = { target = "e15cuft", }, ["pt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USpt%} for US pints or %{imppt%} for imperial pints (not %{pt%})", }, ["qt"] = { shouldbe = "Use %{USqt%} for US quarts or %{impqt%} for imperial quarts (not %{qt%})", }, ["Tcuft"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["Tft3"] = { target = "e12cuft", }, ["U.S.bbl"] = { target = "USbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.beerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.gal impgal", }, ["U.S.bsh"] = { target = "USbsh", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.bu"] = { target = "USbu", sp_us = true, default = "L U.S.drygal impgal", }, ["U.S.drybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.drypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.dryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.flgal"] = { target = "USflgal", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.floz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["u.s.gal"] = { target = "USgal", sp_us = true, link = "U.S. gallon", }, ["U.S.gi"] = { target = "USgi", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.kenning"] = { target = "USkenning", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.oz"] = { target = "USoz", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pk"] = { target = "USpk", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.pt"] = { target = "USpt", sp_us = true, }, ["U.S.qt"] = { target = "USqt", sp_us = true, default = "L impqt", customary= 2, }, ["usbbl"] = { target = "USbbl", }, ["usbeerbbl"] = { target = "USbeerbbl", }, ["usbsh"] = { target = "USbsh", }, ["usbu"] = { target = "USbu", }, ["usdrybbl"] = { target = "USdrybbl", }, ["usdrygal"] = { target = "USdrygal", }, ["usdrypt"] = { target = "USdrypt", }, ["usdryqt"] = { target = "USdryqt", }, ["USfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["usfloz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["USGAL"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgal"] = { target = "USgal", }, ["usgi"] = { target = "USgi", }, ["uskenning"] = { target = "USkenning", }, ["usoz"] = { target = "USoz", }, ["uspk"] = { target = "USpk", }, ["uspt"] = { target = "USpt", }, ["usqt"] = { target = "USqt", }, ["yd3"] = { target = "cuyd", symbol = "yd³", }, ["cuft/sqmi"] = { per = { "cuft", "sqmi" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["m3/ha"] = { name1 = "cubic metre per hectare", name1_us = "cubic meter per hectare", name2 = "cubic metres per hectare", name2_us = "cubic meters per hectare", symbol = "m³/ha", utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 0.0001, default = "USbu/acre", link = "Hectare", }, ["m3/km2"] = { per = { "m3", "km2" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "cuft/sqmi", }, ["U.S.gal/acre"] = { per = { "U.S.gal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["USbu/acre"] = { name2 = "US bushels per acre", symbol = "US bushel per acre", usename = 1, utype = "volume per unit area", scale = 8.7077638761350888e-6, default = "m3/ha", link = "Bushel", }, ["USgal/acre"] = { per = { "USgal", "acre" }, utype = "volume per unit area", default = "m3/km2", }, ["cuyd/mi"] = { per = { "cuyd", "mi" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "m3/km", }, ["m3/km"] = { per = { "m3", "km" }, utype = "volume per unit length", default = "cuyd/mi", }, ["mich"] = { combination= { "ch", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michlk"] = { combination= { "chlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["michainlk"] = { combination= { "chainlk", "mi" }, multiple = { 80 }, utype = "length", }, ["miyd"] = { combination= { "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["miydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd", "mi" }, multiple = { 12, 3, 1760 }, utype = "length", }, ["mift"] = { combination= { "ft", "mi" }, multiple = { 5280 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 12, 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ydft"] = { combination= { "ft", "yd" }, multiple = { 3 }, utype = "length", }, ["ftin"] = { combination= { "in", "ft" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["footin"] = { combination= { "in", "foot" }, multiple = { 12 }, utype = "length", }, ["handin"] = { combination= { "in", "hand" }, multiple = { 4 }, utype = "length", }, ["lboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb" }, multiple = { 16 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["stlboz"] = { combination= { "oz", "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 16, 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["st and lb"] = { combination= { "lb", "st" }, multiple = { 14 }, utype = "mass", }, ["GN LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["GN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "GN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["kN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "kN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["LTf STf"] = { combination= { "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN LTf STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-LTf", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf" }, utype = "force", }, ["MN STf LTf"] = { combination= { "MN", "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["STf LTf"] = { combination= { "-STf", "-LTf" }, utype = "force", }, ["L/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgimp"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgimp" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgUS"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["L/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "L/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["l/100 km mpgus"] = { combination= { "l/100 km", "mpgus" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["mpgimp L/100 km"] = { combination= { "mpgimp", "L/100 km" }, utype = "fuel efficiency", }, ["LT ST t"] = { combination= { "lt", "-ST", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["LT t ST"] = { combination= { "lt", "t", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST LT t"] = { combination= { "-ST", "lt", "t" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ST t LT"] = { combination= { "-ST", "t", "lt" }, utype = "mass", }, ["t LT ST"] = { combination= { "t", "lt", "-ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["ton"] = { combination= { "LT", "ST" }, utype = "mass", }, ["kPa kg/cm2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "kgf/cm2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["kPa lb/in2"] = { combination= { "kPa", "-lb/in2" }, utype = "pressure", }, ["floz"] = { combination= { "impoz", "USoz" }, utype = "volume", }, } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local default_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a default different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (unitcode for engineering notation). ["cm²"] = "sqin", ["dm²"] = "sqin", ["e3acre"] = "km2", ["e3m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6acre"] = "km2", ["e6ha"] = "e6acre", ["e6km2"] = "e6sqmi", ["e6m2"] = "e6sqft", ["e6sqft"] = "v * 9.290304 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m2", ["e6sqmi"] = "e6km2", ["hm²"] = "acre", ["km²"] = "sqmi", ["mm²"] = "sqin", ["aJ"] = "eV", ["e3BTU"] = "MJ", ["e6BTU"] = "GJ", ["EJ"] = "kWh", ["eV"] = "aJ", ["feV"] = "yJ", ["fJ"] = "keV", ["GeV"] = "nJ", ["GJ"] = "kWh", ["keV"] = "fJ", ["MeV"] = "pJ", ["meV"] = "zJ", ["MJ"] = "kWh", ["neV"] = "yJ", ["PeV"] = "mJ", ["peV"] = "yJ", ["PJ"] = "kWh", ["pJ"] = "MeV", ["TeV"] = "μJ", ["TJ"] = "kWh", ["YJ"] = "kWh", ["yJ"] = "μeV", ["ZJ"] = "kWh", ["zJ"] = "meV", ["μeV"] = "yJ", ["e12cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/a", ["e12cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3/d", ["e12m3/a"] = "Tcuft/a", ["e12m3/d"] = "Tcuft/d", ["e3cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e3cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/d", ["e3cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3/s", ["e3m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/a", ["e3m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/d", ["e3m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft/s", ["e3USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! ! e3 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/a"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e6cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/d", ["e6cuft/s"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/s", ["e6m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/a", ["e6m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft/d", ["e6m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e6 ! e9 ! cuft/s", ["e6USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3/a", ["e9cuft/a"] = "m3/a", ["e9cuft/d"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/d", ["e9m3/a"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/a", ["e9m3/d"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft/d", ["e9m3/s"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e9 ! e12 ! cuft/s", ["e9USgal/a"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/a", ["e9USgal/s"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3/s", ["nN"] = "gr-f", ["μN"] = "gr-f", ["mN"] = "oz-f", ["am"] = "in", ["cm"] = "in", ["dam"] = "ft", ["dm"] = "in", ["e12km"] = "e12mi", ["e12mi"] = "e12km", ["e3AU"] = "ly", ["e3km"] = "e3mi", ["e3mi"] = "e3km", ["e6km"] = "e6mi", ["e6mi"] = "e6km", ["e9km"] = "AU", ["e9mi"] = "e9km", ["Em"] = "mi", ["fm"] = "in", ["Gm"] = "mi", ["hm"] = "ft", ["km"] = "mi", ["mm"] = "in", ["Mm"] = "mi", ["nm"] = "in", ["Pm"] = "mi", ["pm"] = "in", ["Tm"] = "mi", ["Ym"] = "mi", ["ym"] = "in", ["Zm"] = "mi", ["zm"] = "in", ["μm"] = "in", ["e12lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! Mt ! Gt", ["e3lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3ozt"] = "v * 0.311034768 < 10 ! kg ! t", ["e3t"] = "LT ST", ["e6carat"] = "t", ["e6lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! t ! kilotonne", ["e6ozt"] = "lb kg", ["e6ST"] = "Mt", ["e6t"] = "LT ST", ["e9lb"] = "v * 4.5359237 < 10 ! kilotonne ! Mt", ["e9t"] = "LT ST", ["Gg"] = "lb", ["kg"] = "lb", ["mg"] = "gr", ["Mg"] = "LT ST", ["ng"] = "gr", ["μg"] = "gr", ["mBq"] = "fCi", ["kBq"] = "nCi", ["MBq"] = "μCi", ["GBq"] = "mCi", ["TBq"] = "Ci", ["PBq"] = "kCi", ["EBq"] = "kCi", ["fCi"] = "mBq", ["pCi"] = "Bq", ["nCi"] = "Bq", ["μCi"] = "kBq", ["mCi"] = "MBq", ["kCi"] = "TBq", ["MCi"] = "PBq", ["ns"] = "μs", ["μs"] = "ms", ["ms"] = "s", ["ks"] = "h", ["Ms"] = "week", ["Gs"] = "decade", ["Ts"] = "millennium", ["Ps"] = "million year", ["Es"] = "thousand million year", ["MK"] = "keVT", ["cL"] = "impoz usoz", ["cl"] = "impoz usoz", ["cm³"] = "cuin", ["dL"] = "impoz usoz", ["dl"] = "impoz usoz", ["mm³"] = "cuin", ["dm³"] = "cuin", ["e12cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e9 ! e12 ! m3", ["e12impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! T ! P ! cuft", ["e12U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e12USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! T ! P ! l", ["e15cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e12 ! e15 ! m3", ["e15m3"] = "Pcuft", ["e3bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e3cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! ! e3 ! m3", ["e3impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! k ! M ! cuft", ["e3U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e3USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! k ! M ! l", ["e6bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6cuyd"] = "v * 7.64554857984 < 10 ! e3 ! e6 ! m3", ["e6impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6L"] = "USgal", ["e6m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! M ! G ! cuft", ["e6U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e6USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! M ! G ! l", ["e9bdft"] = "v * 0.23597372167 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9cuft"] = "v * 2.8316846592 < 100 ! e6 ! e9 ! m3", ["e9impgal"] = "v * 4.54609 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9m3"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! G ! T ! cuft", ["e9U.S.gal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["e9USgal"] = "v * 3.785411784 < 1000 ! G ! T ! l", ["GL"] = "cuft", ["Gl"] = "cuft", ["kL"] = "cuft", ["kl"] = "cuft", ["km³"] = "cumi", ["mL"] = "impoz usoz", ["ml"] = "impoz usoz", ["Ml"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["ML"] = "v < 28.316846592 ! e3 ! e6 ! cuft", ["TL"] = "cumi", ["Tl"] = "cumi", ["μL"] = "cuin", ["μl"] = "cuin", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local link_exceptions = { -- Prefixed units with a linked article different from that of the base unit. -- Each key item is a prefixed symbol (not unitcode). ["mm²"] = "Square millimetre", ["cm²"] = "Square centimetre", ["dm²"] = "Square decimetre", ["km²"] = "Square kilometre", ["kJ"] = "Kilojoule", ["MJ"] = "Megajoule", ["GJ"] = "Gigajoule", ["TJ"] = "Terajoule", ["fm"] = "Femtometre", ["pm"] = "Picometre", ["nm"] = "Nanometre", ["μm"] = "Micrometre", ["mm"] = "Millimetre", ["cm"] = "Centimetre", ["dm"] = "Decimetre", ["dam"] = "Decametre", ["hm"] = "Hectometre", ["km"] = "Kilometre", ["Mm"] = "Megametre", ["Gm"] = "Gigametre", ["Tm"] = "Terametre", ["Pm"] = "Petametre", ["Em"] = "Exametre", ["Zm"] = "Zettametre", ["Ym"] = "Yottametre", ["μg"] = "Microgram", ["mg"] = "Milligram", ["kg"] = "Kilogram", ["Mg"] = "Tonne", ["yW"] = "Yoctowatt", ["zW"] = "Zeptowatt", ["aW"] = "Attowatt", ["fW"] = "Femtowatt", ["pW"] = "Picowatt", ["nW"] = "Nanowatt", ["μW"] = "Microwatt", ["mW"] = "Milliwatt", ["kW"] = "Kilowatt", ["MW"] = "Megawatt", ["GW"] = "Gigawatt", ["TW"] = "Terawatt", ["PW"] = "Petawatt", ["EW"] = "Exawatt", ["ZW"] = "Zettawatt", ["YW"] = "Yottawatt", ["as"] = "Attosecond", ["fs"] = "Femtosecond", ["ps"] = "Picosecond", ["ns"] = "Nanosecond", ["μs"] = "Microsecond", ["ms"] = "Millisecond", ["ks"] = "Kilosecond", ["Ms"] = "Megasecond", ["Gs"] = "Gigasecond", ["Ts"] = "Terasecond", ["Ps"] = "Petasecond", ["Es"] = "Exasecond", ["Zs"] = "Zettasecond", ["Ys"] = "Yottasecond", ["mm³"] = "Cubic millimetre", ["cm³"] = "Cubic centimetre", ["dm³"] = "Cubic decimetre", ["dam³"] = "Cubic decametre", ["km³"] = "Cubic kilometre", ["μL"] = "Microlitre", ["μl"] = "Microlitre", ["mL"] = "Millilitre", ["ml"] = "Millilitre", ["cL"] = "Centilitre", ["cl"] = "Centilitre", ["dL"] = "Decilitre", ["dl"] = "Decilitre", ["daL"] = "Decalitre", ["dal"] = "Decalitre", ["hL"] = "Hectolitre", ["hl"] = "Hectolitre", ["kL"] = "Kilolitre", ["kl"] = "Kilolitre", ["ML"] = "Megalitre", ["Ml"] = "Megalitre", ["GL"] = "Gigalitre", ["Gl"] = "Gigalitre", ["TL"] = "Teralitre", ["Tl"] = "Teralitre", ["PL"] = "Petalitre", ["Pl"] = "Petalitre", } --------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Do not change the data in this table because it is created by running -- -- a script that reads the wikitext from a wiki page (see note above). -- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- local per_unit_fixups = { -- Automatically created per units of form "x/y" may have their unit type -- changed, for example, "length/time" is changed to "speed". -- Other adjustments can also be specified. ["/area"] = "per unit area", ["/volume"] = "per unit volume", ["area/area"] = "area per unit area", ["energy/length"] = "energy per unit length", ["energy/mass"] = "energy per unit mass", ["energy/time"] = { utype = "power", link = "Power (physics)" }, ["energy/volume"] = "energy per unit volume", ["force/area"] = { utype = "pressure", link = "Pressure" }, ["length/length"] = { utype = "gradient", link = "Grade (slope)" }, ["length/time"] = { utype = "speed", link = "Speed" }, ["length/time/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["mass/area"] = { utype = "pressure", multiplier = 9.80665 }, ["mass/length"] = "linear density", ["mass/mass"] = "concentration", ["mass/power"] = "mass per unit power", ["mass/time"] = "mass per unit time", ["mass/volume"] = { utype = "density", link = "Density" }, ["power/mass"] = "power per unit mass", ["power/volume"] = { link = "Power density" }, ["pressure/length"] = "fracture gradient", ["speed/time"] = { utype = "acceleration", link = "Acceleration" }, ["volume/area"] = "volume per unit area", ["volume/length"] = "volume per unit length", ["volume/time"] = "flow", } return { all_units = all_units, default_exceptions = default_exceptions, link_exceptions = link_exceptions, per_unit_fixups = per_unit_fixups, } objlkir1d52f98q101rfv9i8hqmwfmu 0 29277 377442 332252 2026-05-14T14:45:47Z Memon2025 21315 377442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Panjabis | native_name = {{hlist|{{lang|pnb|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ}}|{{lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}}} | native_name_lang = | image = A Punjabi man - LIFE.jpg | image_caption = Potrait of a Punjabi man in the Pakistani Punjab | population = {{Circa|220 million|lk=yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue. | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref><ref name="e21|pnb">{{e21|pnb}}</ref><ref name="Census2011"/><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url= https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> | regions = | region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | pop1 = 150,986,959 (2023){{efn|name="PakistanPunjabiPopulation"|Punjabis comprise 61.8% (129,986,959) of Pakistan's total population of 232,923,845 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref>}}<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-pakistan.html | title=Ethnic Groups in Pakistan|website=Worldatlas.com| date=30 July 2019|quote=Punjabi people are the ethnic majority in the Punjab region of Pakistan and Northern India accounting for 44.7% of the population in Pakistan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region2 = {{flag|India}} | pop2 = 55,520,211 (2022){{efn|Punjabis comprise 3% (42,520,211) of India's total population of 1,389,637,446 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.govIN">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: India — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/#people-and-society |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>}}<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |title=Abstract Of Speakers' Strength Of Languages And Mother Tongues - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220172325/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>{{efn|This figure comprises speakers of the [[Punjabi language]] in India. Ethnic Punjabis who no longer speak the language are not included in this number.}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region3 = {{flag|Canada}} | pop3 = 1,234,170 (2023)<ref name="punjabicanada2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=17 August 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Canada |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{efn|name=canada|Statistic includes all speakers of the [[Punjabi language]].}} | region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | pop4 = 700,000 (2006)<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|access-date=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> | region5 = {{flag|United States}} | pop5 = 253,740<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls|title=US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62|website=2.census.gov}}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop6 = 132,496 (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|url-status=dead|title=Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> | region7 = {{flag|Iran}} | pop7 = 64,000 | region8 = {{flag|Malaysia}} | pop8 = 56,400 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region9 = {{flag|Philippines}} | pop9 = 50,000 (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabi-community-money-lending-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-2806212/|title=Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President|date=18 May 2016}}</ref> | region10 = {{flag|Oman}} | pop10 = 37,000 | region11 = {{flag|New Zealand}} | pop11 = 34,227 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/2018-Census-totals-by-topic/Download-data/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights.xlsx|title=New Zealand|website=Stats New Zealand|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Singapore}} | pop12 = 26,000 | region13 = {{flag|Mauritius}} | pop13 = 26,000 | region14 = {{flag|Norway}} | pop14 = 24,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-135-45522-4}}</ref> | region15 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | pop15 = 23,700 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region16 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop16 = 18,000 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.remid.de/info_zahlen/verschiedene|title=Deutsche Informationszentrum für Sikhreligion, Sikhgeschichte, Kultur und Wissenschaft (DISR)|website=remid.de|access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref> | region17 = {{flag|Nepal}} | pop17 = 10,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 |website=Unstats.unorg|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> | langs = '''Majority''': [[Punjabi language|Panjabi]] and its [[Punjabi dialects|dialects]] | religions = '''[[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] (60%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]][[Sikhism]] (9%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|12px]] [[Hinduism]]}}<br/> '''[[Punjab, India|Indian Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism]] (97.8%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] (1.1%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|format=XLS|title= C-1 Population By Religious Community - 2011|access-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Harrison2007p132">{{cite book|author1=Wade Davis|author2=K. David Harrison|author3=Catherine Herbert Howell|title=Book of Peoples of the World: A Guide to Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkG8f2lyeUMC&pg=PA132|year=2007|publisher=National Geographic|isbn=978-1-4262-0238-4|pages=132–133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabis |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/punjabis |website=[[Encyclopaedia]]}}</ref> | related_groups = Other [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] }} '''پنجابي''' (Punjabis؛ {{Lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}، ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي جنھن جو تعلق [[پنجاب]] سان آهي، جيڪي [[انڊو آرين]] [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ڳالھائيندا آھن.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA 522|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|publisher=Elsevier|year=2010|isbn=97 8-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523}}</ref> [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو علائقو]] جيڪو [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] جي وچ ۾ ورهايل آھي، جو ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي. [[پاڪستان]] ۾ صوبي [[پنجاب، پاڪستان]] ۾ آباد آھن، جڏھن تہ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڀارتي رياست، [[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن. انھن جي مادري ٻولي پنجابي آھي جڏھن تہ ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]، [[سرائڪي ٻولي|سرائيڪي ٻولي]]، [[پشتو ٻولي|پشتو]]، [[پوٺوهار|پوٺوهاري ٻولي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] کي بطور ٻين ٻولي استعمال ڪندا آھن. ھاڻي ٻيا بہ گروھ بڻجي ويا آھن (جيئن سرائيڪي، پوٺوهاري وغيرہ) اھي بہ پنجابي نسلي گروھه جو ئي قسم آھن جنهن جو زمين جي فاصلي سان گڏوگڏ لھجو بدلجي ويو آهي. [[File:Dhol players.jpg|250px|thumb |پنجابي ماڻھن جي ثقافت ۾ ڍول اھم ساز آهي]] {{infobox ethnic group |group = پنجابي |native_name = {{Lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}<br>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ |population = 13 کان 15 ڪروڙ |region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 9,44,86,500<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk "Pakistan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk |date=2018-11-16 }} The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency.</ref> |region2 = {{flag|India}} |pop2 = 3,00,00,000<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web|title=Punjabi Population In India - State wise details|url=http://www.punjabdata.com/Punjabi-Population-In-India.aspx|website=www.punjabdata.com|language=en}}</ref> |region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |pop4 = 7,00,000<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|accessdate=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Canada}} |pop5 = 5,45,730<ref name="autogenerated8">{{cite web|title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|website=Government of Canada, Statistics Canada|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref> |region6 = {{flag|United States}} |pop6 = 2,53,740<ref name="autogenerated6">[http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62]</ref> |region7 = {{flag|Australia}} |pop7 = 1,32,496<ref name="autogenerated2">[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 |date=9 July 2017}}</ref> |region10 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |pop10 = 56,400<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|publisher=}}</ref> |region11 = {{flag|Libya}} |pop11 = 54,000<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY|title=Libya|publisher=}}</ref> |region12 = {{flag|Norway}} |pop12 = 24,000<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}}</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} |pop13 = 23,700<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|publisher=}}</ref> |region14 = {{flag|New Zealand}} |pop14 = 19,752<ref name="autogenerated10">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213100306/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |archivedate=13 December 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |region15 = {{flag|Nepal}} |pop15 = 10,000<ref name="autogenerated3">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf</ref><br> |langs = [[پنجابي ٻولي|پنجابي]] ۽ [[پنجابي لھجا]] |religions = [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]]، پاڪستان: [[اسلام ]] (%97)<br>[[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]]، انڊيا: [[سک ازم|سک مذهب]] (%57.7)، [[ھندوازم|هندو مت]] (%38.5) }} پنجاب [[فارسي ٻولي]]ءَ جي ٻن لفظن مان نڪتل آهي؛ پنج ۽ آب جن جي معني آهي پنج پاڻين واري سرزمين. پنجابي ان سرزمين تي رھندڙ ماڻھو آھن.<ref name="Gandhi 2013">{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref> [[ڏکڻ ايشيا]] جي فارسي ترڪ فاتحن ان سرزمين کي ھن نالي سان متعارف ڪرايو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], United Kingdom<!--|isbn=0-521-39094-X-->|isbn=0-521-52291-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | work=Reuters | title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change | date=30 January 2012 | access-date=21 April 2018 | archive-date=26 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | dead-url=yes | accessdate=21 April 2018 | archivedate=26 June 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center|publisher=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 March 2012 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> ارڙھين صديءَ جي آغاز ۾ ڪيترن ئي قبيلن، ذاتين ۽ اتان جي رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سنگم انھن کي پنجابي جي نئين نالي سان سڃاڻپ ڏني. ان کان اڳ انھن قبيلن ۽ ذاتين ۾ ساڳي ٻولي ۽ نسلي يا ثقافتي ھڪجھڙائي ھجڻ باوجود ھڪ قوم جو تصور ڪونہ ھيو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Malhotra|first=edited by Anshu|title=Punjab reconsidered : history, culture, and practice|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780198078012|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/punjab-reconsidered-history-culture-and-practice-9780198078012;jsessionid=67C0F3362215BC7FE368DF643C70CA16?cc=de&lang=en&|author2=Mir, Farina}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ayers|first=Alyssa|title=Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab|journal=Journal of Asian Studies|year=2008|volume=67|issue=3|pages=917–46|url=http://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf|doi=10.1017/s0021911808001204}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, United Kingdom|isbn=1874699054}}</ref> == تاريخ == {{اصل مضمون|تاريخ پنجاب}} == محل وقوع == {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب جو خطو}} پنجابي ماڻھو اصل ۾ [[پنجاب جو خطو|خطي پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن۔ پنجاب جو مطلب پنج دريائن جو خطو آھي۔ مقامي پنجابي آبادي ان وقت بطور مقدر اڀري جڏھن ارڙھين صدي ۾ رنجيت سنگھ پھريون ڀيرو پنجاب اعظم جو بنياد رکيو جنھن ۾ ھاڻوڪو پاکستاني پنجاب، ڀارتي پنجاب، پورو آزاد ڪشمير ۽ ھاڻوڪو [[خيبر پختونخوا]] شامل آھن ھي سڀ علائقا پنجاب ۾ شمار ٿين ٿا۔ پنجابي ماڻھو اوڀر ۾ ڀارتي رياست ھماچل پرديش،ھرياڻہ ۽ راجسٿان کان وٺي ڪري اولھ ۾ پاڪستاني صوبي [[خيبر پختونخوا]] تائين جڏھن تہ اتر ۾ ڄمون ۽ ڪشمير کان وٺي ڏکڻ ۾ [[سنڌ]] تائين آباد آھن۔ === پاڪستاني پنجابي === پاڪستان ۾ تقريباََ 40 کان 45 سيڪڙو ماڻھو آھن جيڪي پنجابي ٻولي ڳالھائن ٿا۔ پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي آبادي ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورزھايل سمجھي وڃي ٿي، زميندار ۽ قوم۔ زميندار اصل ۾ انھن پنجابين کي چيو وڃي ٿو جيڪي زراعت ۽ [[ھارپو|ھارپي]] سان لاڳاپيل ھوندا آھن۔ زميندار گروھ وڌيڪ راجپوت، جٽ، شيخ، گوجر، گاڪخر، ڊوگر ۽ رحماني ۾ ورھايل آھن. پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي اڪثريتي آبادي مسلمان آھن۔ {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! صوبو ! پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ !سيڪڙو |- | — | '''پاڪستان''' | '''76,335,300''' | '''44.15''' |- | 1 | [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]] | 70,671,704 | 75.23 |- | 2 | [[سنڌ]] | 3,592,261 | 6.99 |- | 3 | [[اسلام آباد|وفاقي گادي جو ھنڌ، اسلام آباد]] | 1,343,625 | 71.62 |- | 5 | [[بلوچستان (صوبو)|بلوچستان]] | 318,745 | 2.52 |} === ڀارتي پنجابي === [[فائل:Punjabi_sardar.jpg|thumb|ھڪ ڀارتي پنجابي ھاري]] ڀارت ۾ پنجابي مذھبي اعتبار سان ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورھايل آھن، ھڪ سک آبادي ۽ ٻين ھندو آبادي۔ ڀارت ۾ پنجابي آبادي تقريباََ 4 سيڪڙو آھي جيڪي تقريباََ 3 ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ فرد ٿين ٿا. == مذھب == پنجابي ماڻھن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ ٻہ مذھب آھن، پاڪستان ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي اڪثريتي طور تي مسلمان جڏھن تہ ڀارت ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي سک مذھب جا پيروڪار آھن۔ پنجابي اڪثر مسلمان آھن جيڪي [[سني]] اسلام جي فقہ حنفي جا پيروڪار آھن. == ثقافت == === ٻولي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ٻولي}} پنجابي ماڻھن جي مادري زبان پنجابي آھي جيڪا ھڪ ھند يورپي ٻولي آھي جيڪا پنجاب جي باشندن ۾ مروج آھي۔ پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ وارن ۾ ھندومت، سک مت، اسلام، ۽ مسيحيت جا پيروڪار شامل آھن۔ اول ذڪر ڪيل مذھب کان علاوه باقي ٽنھي مذھبن ۾ ھن زبان کي خاص حيثيت حاصل رھي آھي۔ [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڪيل مردم شمارين جي مطابق دنيا ۾ پنجابي ڳالھائڻ وارن جي تعداد 14-15ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آھي. ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]،[[هندي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] بطور ٻين زبان استعمال ڪندا آھن۔ === پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌو === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي کاڌو}} [[فائل:Gajar_Ka_Halwa.JPG|thumb|گجر جو حلوو]] پنجاب ۾ تندوري کاڌا گھڻو عام آھن۔ پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌن ۾ مرغ تڪو،[[پٽاٽو]] گوبي، پراٺو، ديسي لسي، تندوري چجن، زيره چاول، پنجيري، تڙڪہ دال، سيون، گجر جو حلوو، اچار گوشت ۽ پنير شامل آھن. === موسيقي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي موسيقي}} === رقص === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي رقص}} پنجاب ۾ تمام گھڻا ثقافتي رقص عام آھن جن ۾ سڀ کان معروف رقص ڀنگڙو آھي جيڪو مختلف تقريبن ۽ ڏڻن تي ڪيو ويندو آھي۔ ٻيا ھيٺ ڏنل آھن: * ڀنگڙڳ * سمي * گِدڌا * ڪڪلي * جھومر * ڊنڊاس * جگني * لڊي === ڏڻ === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ڏڻ}} === رانديون === {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب ۾ رانديون}} == پنجابي بلحاظ ملڪ == {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! ملڪ ! آبادي |- |1 | {{جهنڊو|پاڪستان}} | 81,379,615 |- |2 | {{جهنڊو|ڀارت}} | 33,109,672 |- |3 | {{جهنڊو|برطانيا}} مملڪت متحدہ | 2,300,000 |- |4 | {{جهنڊو|ڪئناڊا}} | 800,000 |- |5 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل عرب امارتون}} | 720,000 |- |6 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون}} | 640,000 |- |7 | {{جهنڊو|سعودي عرب}} | 620,000 |- |8 | {{جهنڊو|آسٽريليا}} |620,000 |- |9 | {{جهنڊو|ھانگ کڍڪانگ}} ھانگ ڪانگ | 260,000 |- |10 | {{جهنڊو|ملائيشيا}} ملائيشيا | 185,000 |- |11 | {{جهنڊو|ڏکڻ آفريڪا}} | 140,000 |- |12 | {{جهنڊو|برما}} | 120,000 |- |13 | {{جهنڊو|فرانس}} | 90,000 |- |14 | {{جهنڊو|اٽلي}} | 80,000 |- |15 | {{جهنڊو|ٿائيلينڊ}} ٿائيلينڊ | 75,000 |- |16 | {{جهنڊو|جاپان}} | 75,000 |- |17 | {{جهنڊو|موريشس}} موريشس | 70,000 |- |18 | {{جهنڊو|سنگاپور}} | 70,000 |- |19 | {{جهنڊو|سلطنت عمان}} | 68,000 |- |20 | {{جهنڊو|لبيا}} | 65,000 |- |21 | {{جهنڊو|بحرين}} | 60,000 |- |22 | {{جهنڊو|ڪينيا}} ڪينيا | 55,000 |- |23 | {{جهنڊو|تنزانيہ}} تنزانيہ | 45,000 |- |24 | {{جهنڊو|ڪويت}} | 40,000 |- |25 | {{جهنڊو|ناروي}}ناروي | 25,000 |- |26 | {{جهنڊو|ڊينمارڪ}} ڊينمارڪ | 15,000 |} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو خطو]] * [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:پنجابي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجابي ثقافت]] 71yy45lumukgzh29cs5bac0yjicseek 377443 377442 2026-05-14T14:47:25Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 377443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Panjabis | native_name = {{hlist|{{lang|pnb|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ}}|{{lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}}} | native_name_lang = | image = A Punjabi man - LIFE.jpg | image_caption = Potrait of a Punjabi man in the Pakistani Punjab | population = {{Circa|220 million|lk=yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue. | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref><ref name="e21|pnb">{{e21|pnb}}</ref><ref name="Census2011"/><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url= https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> | regions = | region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | pop1 = 150,986,959 (2023){{efn|name="PakistanPunjabiPopulation"|Punjabis comprise 61.8% (129,986,959) of Pakistan's total population of 232,923,845 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref>}}<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-pakistan.html | title=Ethnic Groups in Pakistan|website=Worldatlas.com| date=30 July 2019|quote=Punjabi people are the ethnic majority in the Punjab region of Pakistan and Northern India accounting for 44.7% of the population in Pakistan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region2 = {{flag|India}} | pop2 = 55,520,211 (2022){{efn|Punjabis comprise 3% (42,520,211) of India's total population of 1,389,637,446 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.govIN">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: India — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/#people-and-society |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>}}<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |title=Abstract Of Speakers' Strength Of Languages And Mother Tongues - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220172325/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>{{efn|This figure comprises speakers of the [[Punjabi language]] in India. Ethnic Punjabis who no longer speak the language are not included in this number.}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region3 = {{flag|Canada}} | pop3 = 1,234,170 (2023)<ref name="punjabicanada2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=17 August 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Canada |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{efn|name=canada|Statistic includes all speakers of the [[Punjabi language]].}} | region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | pop4 = 700,000 (2006)<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|access-date=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> | region5 = {{flag|United States}} | pop5 = 253,740<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls|title=US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62|website=2.census.gov}}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop6 = 132,496 (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|url-status=dead|title=Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> | region7 = {{flag|Iran}} | pop7 = 64,000 | region8 = {{flag|Malaysia}} | pop8 = 56,400 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region9 = {{flag|Philippines}} | pop9 = 50,000 (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabi-community-money-lending-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-2806212/|title=Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President|date=18 May 2016}}</ref> | region10 = {{flag|Oman}} | pop10 = 37,000 | region11 = {{flag|New Zealand}} | pop11 = 34,227 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/2018-Census-totals-by-topic/Download-data/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights.xlsx|title=New Zealand|website=Stats New Zealand|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Singapore}} | pop12 = 26,000 | region13 = {{flag|Mauritius}} | pop13 = 26,000 | region14 = {{flag|Norway}} | pop14 = 24,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-135-45522-4}}</ref> | region15 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | pop15 = 23,700 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region16 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop16 = 18,000 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.remid.de/info_zahlen/verschiedene|title=Deutsche Informationszentrum für Sikhreligion, Sikhgeschichte, Kultur und Wissenschaft (DISR)|website=remid.de|access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref> | region17 = {{flag|Nepal}} | pop17 = 10,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 |website=Unstats.unorg|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> | langs = '''Majority''': [[Punjabi language|Panjabi]] and its [[Punjabi dialects|dialects]] | religions = '''[[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] (60%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]][[Sikhism]] (9%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|12px]] [[Hinduism]]}}<br/> '''[[Punjab, India|Indian Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism]] (97.8%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] (1.1%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|format=XLS|title= C-1 Population By Religious Community - 2011|access-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Harrison2007p132">{{cite book|author1=Wade Davis|author2=K. David Harrison|author3=Catherine Herbert Howell|title=Book of Peoples of the World: A Guide to Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkG8f2lyeUMC&pg=PA132|year=2007|publisher=National Geographic|isbn=978-1-4262-0238-4|pages=132–133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabis |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/punjabis |website=[[Encyclopaedia]]}}</ref> | related_groups = Other [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] }} '''پنجابي''' (Punjabis؛ {{Lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}، ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي جنھن جو تعلق [[پنجاب]] سان آهي، جيڪي [[انڊو آرين]] [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ڳالھائيندا آھن.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA 522|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|publisher=Elsevier|year=2010|isbn=97 8-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523}}</ref> [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو علائقو]] جيڪو [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] جي وچ ۾ ورهايل آھي، جو ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي. [[پاڪستان]] ۾ صوبي [[پنجاب، پاڪستان]] ۾ آباد آھن، جڏھن تہ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڀارتي رياست، [[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن. انھن جي مادري ٻولي پنجابي آھي جڏھن تہ ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]، [[سرائڪي ٻولي|سرائيڪي ٻولي]]، [[پشتو ٻولي|پشتو]]، [[پوٺوهار|پوٺوهاري ٻولي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] کي بطور ٻين ٻولي استعمال ڪندا آھن. ھاڻي ٻيا بہ گروھ بڻجي ويا آھن (جيئن سرائيڪي، پوٺوهاري وغيرہ) اھي بہ پنجابي نسلي گروھه جو ئي قسم آھن جنهن جو زمين جي فاصلي سان گڏوگڏ لھجو بدلجي ويو آهي. [[File:Dhol players.jpg|250px|thumb |پنجابي ماڻھن جي ثقافت ۾ ڍول اھم ساز آهي]] {{infobox ethnic group |group = پنجابي |native_name = {{Lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}<br>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ |population = 13 کان 15 ڪروڙ |region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 9,44,86,500<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk "Pakistan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk |date=2018-11-16 }} The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency.</ref> |region2 = {{flag|India}} |pop2 = 3,00,00,000<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web|title=Punjabi Population In India - State wise details|url=http://www.punjabdata.com/Punjabi-Population-In-India.aspx|website=www.punjabdata.com|language=en}}</ref> |region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |pop4 = 7,00,000<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|accessdate=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Canada}} |pop5 = 5,45,730<ref name="autogenerated8">{{cite web|title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|website=Government of Canada, Statistics Canada|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref> |region6 = {{flag|United States}} |pop6 = 2,53,740<ref name="autogenerated6">[http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62]</ref> |region7 = {{flag|Australia}} |pop7 = 1,32,496<ref name="autogenerated2">[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 |date=9 July 2017}}</ref> |region10 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |pop10 = 56,400<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|publisher=}}</ref> |region11 = {{flag|Libya}} |pop11 = 54,000<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY|title=Libya|publisher=}}</ref> |region12 = {{flag|Norway}} |pop12 = 24,000<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}}</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} |pop13 = 23,700<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|publisher=}}</ref> |region14 = {{flag|New Zealand}} |pop14 = 19,752<ref name="autogenerated10">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213100306/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |archivedate=13 December 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |region15 = {{flag|Nepal}} |pop15 = 10,000<ref name="autogenerated3">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf</ref><br> |langs = [[پنجابي ٻولي|پنجابي]] ۽ [[پنجابي لھجا]] |religions = [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]]، پاڪستان: [[اسلام ]] (%97)<br>[[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]]، انڊيا: [[سک ازم|سک مذهب]] (%57.7)، [[ھندوازم|هندو مت]] (%38.5) }} پنجاب [[فارسي ٻولي]]ءَ جي ٻن لفظن مان نڪتل آهي؛ پنج ۽ آب جن جي معني آهي پنج پاڻين واري سرزمين. پنجابي ان سرزمين تي رھندڙ ماڻھو آھن.<ref name="Gandhi 2013">{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref> [[ڏکڻ ايشيا]] جي فارسي ترڪ فاتحن ان سرزمين کي ھن نالي سان متعارف ڪرايو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], United Kingdom<!--|isbn=0-521-39094-X-->|isbn=0-521-52291-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | work=Reuters | title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change | date=30 January 2012 | access-date=21 April 2018 | archive-date=26 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | dead-url=yes | accessdate=21 April 2018 | archivedate=26 June 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center|publisher=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 March 2012 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> ارڙھين صديءَ جي آغاز ۾ ڪيترن ئي قبيلن، ذاتين ۽ اتان جي رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سنگم انھن کي پنجابي جي نئين نالي سان سڃاڻپ ڏني. ان کان اڳ انھن قبيلن ۽ ذاتين ۾ ساڳي ٻولي ۽ نسلي يا ثقافتي ھڪجھڙائي ھجڻ باوجود ھڪ قوم جو تصور ڪونہ ھيو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Malhotra|first=edited by Anshu|title=Punjab reconsidered : history, culture, and practice|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780198078012|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/punjab-reconsidered-history-culture-and-practice-9780198078012;jsessionid=67C0F3362215BC7FE368DF643C70CA16?cc=de&lang=en&|author2=Mir, Farina}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ayers|first=Alyssa|title=Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab|journal=Journal of Asian Studies|year=2008|volume=67|issue=3|pages=917–46|url=http://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf|doi=10.1017/s0021911808001204}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, United Kingdom|isbn=1874699054}}</ref> == تاريخ == {{اصل مضمون|تاريخ پنجاب}} == محل وقوع == {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب جو خطو}} پنجابي ماڻھو اصل ۾ [[پنجاب جو خطو|خطي پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن۔ پنجاب جو مطلب پنج دريائن جو خطو آھي۔ مقامي پنجابي آبادي ان وقت بطور مقدر اڀري جڏھن ارڙھين صدي ۾ رنجيت سنگھ پھريون ڀيرو پنجاب اعظم جو بنياد رکيو جنھن ۾ ھاڻوڪو پاکستاني پنجاب، ڀارتي پنجاب، پورو آزاد ڪشمير ۽ ھاڻوڪو [[خيبر پختونخوا]] شامل آھن ھي سڀ علائقا پنجاب ۾ شمار ٿين ٿا۔ پنجابي ماڻھو اوڀر ۾ ڀارتي رياست ھماچل پرديش،ھرياڻہ ۽ راجسٿان کان وٺي ڪري اولھ ۾ پاڪستاني صوبي [[خيبر پختونخوا]] تائين جڏھن تہ اتر ۾ ڄمون ۽ ڪشمير کان وٺي ڏکڻ ۾ [[سنڌ]] تائين آباد آھن۔ === پاڪستاني پنجابي === پاڪستان ۾ تقريباََ 40 کان 45 سيڪڙو ماڻھو آھن جيڪي پنجابي ٻولي ڳالھائن ٿا۔ پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي آبادي ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورزھايل سمجھي وڃي ٿي، زميندار ۽ قوم۔ زميندار اصل ۾ انھن پنجابين کي چيو وڃي ٿو جيڪي زراعت ۽ [[ھارپو|ھارپي]] سان لاڳاپيل ھوندا آھن۔ زميندار گروھ وڌيڪ راجپوت، جٽ، شيخ، گوجر، گاڪخر، ڊوگر ۽ رحماني ۾ ورھايل آھن. پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي اڪثريتي آبادي مسلمان آھن۔ {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! صوبو ! پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ !سيڪڙو |- | — | '''پاڪستان''' | '''76,335,300''' | '''44.15''' |- | 1 | [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]] | 70,671,704 | 75.23 |- | 2 | [[سنڌ]] | 3,592,261 | 6.99 |- | 3 | [[اسلام آباد|وفاقي گادي جو ھنڌ، اسلام آباد]] | 1,343,625 | 71.62 |- | 5 | [[بلوچستان (صوبو)|بلوچستان]] | 318,745 | 2.52 |} === ڀارتي پنجابي === [[فائل:Punjabi_sardar.jpg|thumb|ھڪ ڀارتي پنجابي ھاري]] ڀارت ۾ پنجابي مذھبي اعتبار سان ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورھايل آھن، ھڪ سک آبادي ۽ ٻين ھندو آبادي۔ ڀارت ۾ پنجابي آبادي تقريباََ 4 سيڪڙو آھي جيڪي تقريباََ 3 ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ فرد ٿين ٿا. == مذھب == پنجابي ماڻھن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ ٻہ مذھب آھن، پاڪستان ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي اڪثريتي طور تي مسلمان جڏھن تہ ڀارت ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي سک مذھب جا پيروڪار آھن۔ پنجابي اڪثر مسلمان آھن جيڪي [[سني]] اسلام جي فقہ حنفي جا پيروڪار آھن. == ثقافت == === ٻولي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ٻولي}} پنجابي ماڻھن جي مادري زبان پنجابي آھي جيڪا ھڪ ھند يورپي ٻولي آھي جيڪا پنجاب جي باشندن ۾ مروج آھي۔ پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ وارن ۾ ھندومت، سک مت، اسلام، ۽ مسيحيت جا پيروڪار شامل آھن۔ اول ذڪر ڪيل مذھب کان علاوه باقي ٽنھي مذھبن ۾ ھن زبان کي خاص حيثيت حاصل رھي آھي۔ [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڪيل مردم شمارين جي مطابق دنيا ۾ پنجابي ڳالھائڻ وارن جي تعداد 14-15ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آھي. ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]،[[هندي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] بطور ٻين زبان استعمال ڪندا آھن۔ === پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌو === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي کاڌو}} [[فائل:Gajar_Ka_Halwa.JPG|thumb|گجر جو حلوو]] پنجاب ۾ تندوري کاڌا گھڻو عام آھن۔ پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌن ۾ مرغ تڪو،[[پٽاٽو]] گوبي، پراٺو، ديسي لسي، تندوري چجن، زيره چاول، پنجيري، تڙڪہ دال، سيون، گجر جو حلوو، اچار گوشت ۽ پنير شامل آھن. === موسيقي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي موسيقي}} === رقص === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي رقص}} پنجاب ۾ تمام گھڻا ثقافتي رقص عام آھن جن ۾ سڀ کان معروف رقص ڀنگڙو آھي جيڪو مختلف تقريبن ۽ ڏڻن تي ڪيو ويندو آھي۔ ٻيا ھيٺ ڏنل آھن: * ڀنگڙڳ * سمي * گِدڌا * ڪڪلي * جھومر * ڊنڊاس * جگني * لڊي === ڏڻ === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ڏڻ}} === رانديون === {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب ۾ رانديون}} == پنجابي بلحاظ ملڪ == {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! ملڪ ! آبادي |- |1 | {{جهنڊو|پاڪستان}} | 81,379,615 |- |2 | {{جهنڊو|ڀارت}} | 33,109,672 |- |3 | {{جهنڊو|برطانيا}} مملڪت متحدہ | 2,300,000 |- |4 | {{جهنڊو|ڪئناڊا}} | 800,000 |- |5 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل عرب امارتون}} | 720,000 |- |6 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون}} | 640,000 |- |7 | {{جهنڊو|سعودي عرب}} | 620,000 |- |8 | {{جهنڊو|آسٽريليا}} |620,000 |- |9 | {{جهنڊو|ھانگ کڍڪانگ}} ھانگ ڪانگ | 260,000 |- |10 | {{جهنڊو|ملائيشيا}} ملائيشيا | 185,000 |- |11 | {{جهنڊو|ڏکڻ آفريڪا}} | 140,000 |- |12 | {{جهنڊو|برما}} | 120,000 |- |13 | {{جهنڊو|فرانس}} | 90,000 |- |14 | {{جهنڊو|اٽلي}} | 80,000 |- |15 | {{جهنڊو|ٿائيلينڊ}} ٿائيلينڊ | 75,000 |- |16 | {{جهنڊو|جاپان}} | 75,000 |- |17 | {{جهنڊو|موريشس}} موريشس | 70,000 |- |18 | {{جهنڊو|سنگاپور}} | 70,000 |- |19 | {{جهنڊو|سلطنت عمان}} | 68,000 |- |20 | {{جهنڊو|لبيا}} | 65,000 |- |21 | {{جهنڊو|بحرين}} | 60,000 |- |22 | {{جهنڊو|ڪينيا}} ڪينيا | 55,000 |- |23 | {{جهنڊو|تنزانيہ}} تنزانيہ | 45,000 |- |24 | {{جهنڊو|ڪويت}} | 40,000 |- |25 | {{جهنڊو|ناروي}}ناروي | 25,000 |- |26 | {{جهنڊو|ڊينمارڪ}} ڊينمارڪ | 15,000 |} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو خطو]] * [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html قبل از اسلام سنڌ جي واديء ۾ ماڻھو ۽ ٻوليون] * [http://asianbookcenter.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=25&products_id=524 مفت پنجابي (گرمکي) پرائمر] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707173554/http://asianbookcenter.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=25&products_id=524 |date=2011-07-07 }} * [http://www.punjabilinks.com پنجابي ڳنڍڻا] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150134/http://www.punjabilinks.com/ |date=2017-09-28 }} [[زمرو:پنجابي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پنجابي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] smt2sh9lwnq7b86gdd4ikkqrj4xoycu 377489 377443 2026-05-14T16:14:00Z Memon2025 21315 /* خارجي ڳنڍڻا */ 377489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Panjabis | native_name = {{hlist|{{lang|pnb|ਪੰਜਾਬੀ}}|{{lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}}} | native_name_lang = | image = A Punjabi man - LIFE.jpg | image_caption = Potrait of a Punjabi man in the Pakistani Punjab | population = {{Circa|220 million|lk=yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue. | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref><ref name="e21|pnb">{{e21|pnb}}</ref><ref name="Census2011"/><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url= https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> | regions = | region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} | pop1 = 150,986,959 (2023){{efn|name="PakistanPunjabiPopulation"|Punjabis comprise 61.8% (129,986,959) of Pakistan's total population of 232,923,845 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: Pakistan — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref>}}<ref name="WorldAtlas">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/ethnic-groups-in-pakistan.html | title=Ethnic Groups in Pakistan|website=Worldatlas.com| date=30 July 2019|quote=Punjabi people are the ethnic majority in the Punjab region of Pakistan and Northern India accounting for 44.7% of the population in Pakistan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= Pakistan Census 2017 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//population_census/census_2017_tables/pakistan/Table11n.pdf |website=www.pbs.pk |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region2 = {{flag|India}} | pop2 = 55,520,211 (2022){{efn|Punjabis comprise 3% (42,520,211) of India's total population of 1,389,637,446 per 2023 estimate by the World Factbook.<ref name="cia.govIN">{{cite web |title=South Asia :: India — The World Fact book - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/india/#people-and-society |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref>}}<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |title=Abstract Of Speakers' Strength Of Languages And Mother Tongues - 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220172325/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language-2011/Statement-1.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>{{efn|This figure comprises speakers of the [[Punjabi language]] in India. Ethnic Punjabis who no longer speak the language are not included in this number.}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worlddata.info/languages/punjabi.php#:~:text=The%20Punjabi%20language%20(native%20name,Punjabi%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue | title=Punjabi - Worldwide distribution }}</ref> | region3 = {{flag|Canada}} | pop3 = 1,234,170 (2023)<ref name="punjabicanada2021">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=17 August 2022 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country] |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?LANG=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&DGUIDlist=2021A000011124&HEADERlist=,15,13,18,12,16,14,17&SearchText=Canada |access-date=18 August 2022 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>{{efn|name=canada|Statistic includes all speakers of the [[Punjabi language]].}} | region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | pop4 = 700,000 (2006)<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|access-date=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> | region5 = {{flag|United States}} | pop5 = 253,740<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls|title=US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62|website=2.census.gov}}</ref> | region6 = {{flag|Australia}} | pop6 = 132,496 (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20|url-status=dead|title=Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia|archive-date=9 July 2017}}</ref> | region7 = {{flag|Iran}} | pop7 = 64,000 | region8 = {{flag|Malaysia}} | pop8 = 56,400 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region9 = {{flag|Philippines}} | pop9 = 50,000 (2016)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/punjabi-community-money-lending-philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-2806212/|title=Punjabi community involved in money lending in Philippines braces for 'crackdown' by new President|date=18 May 2016}}</ref> | region10 = {{flag|Oman}} | pop10 = 37,000 | region11 = {{flag|New Zealand}} | pop11 = 34,227 (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/2018-Census-totals-by-topic/Download-data/2018-census-totals-by-topic-national-highlights.xlsx|title=New Zealand|website=Stats New Zealand|access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref> | region12 = {{flag|Singapore}} | pop12 = 26,000 | region13 = {{flag|Mauritius}} | pop13 = 26,000 | region14 = {{flag|Norway}} | pop14 = 24,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books|isbn=978-1-135-45522-4}}</ref> | region15 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | pop15 = 23,700 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|website=Ethnologue.com|access-date=28 July 2019}}</ref> | region16 = {{flag|Germany}} | pop16 = 18,000 (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.remid.de/info_zahlen/verschiedene|title=Deutsche Informationszentrum für Sikhreligion, Sikhgeschichte, Kultur und Wissenschaft (DISR)|website=remid.de|access-date=3 January 2020}}</ref> | region17 = {{flag|Nepal}} | pop17 = 10,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011 |website=Unstats.unorg|access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> | langs = '''Majority''': [[Punjabi language|Panjabi]] and its [[Punjabi dialects|dialects]] | religions = '''[[Punjab, Pakistan|Pakistani Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]] (60%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]][[Sikhism]] (9%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|12px]] [[Hinduism]]}}<br/> '''[[Punjab, India|Indian Panjab]]''':<br/>{{nowrap|[[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] [[Sikhism]] (97.8%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Om.svg|15px]] [[Hinduism]] (1.1%)}}, {{nowrap|[[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]] [[Islam]]}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|format=XLS|title= C-1 Population By Religious Community - 2011|access-date=29 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923230423/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW03C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref name="Harrison2007p132">{{cite book|author1=Wade Davis|author2=K. David Harrison|author3=Catherine Herbert Howell|title=Book of Peoples of the World: A Guide to Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rkG8f2lyeUMC&pg=PA132|year=2007|publisher=National Geographic|isbn=978-1-4262-0238-4|pages=132–133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabis |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/punjabis |website=[[Encyclopaedia]]}}</ref> | related_groups = Other [[Indo-Aryan peoples]] }} '''پنجابي''' (Punjabis؛ {{Lang|pnb|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}، ਪੰਜਾਬੀ) ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي جنھن جو تعلق [[پنجاب]] سان آهي، جيڪي [[انڊو آرين]] [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ڳالھائيندا آھن.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2SRqDzB50wC&pg=PA 522|title=Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World|publisher=Elsevier|year=2010|isbn=97 8-0-08-087775-4|pages=522–523}}</ref> [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو علائقو]] جيڪو [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] جي وچ ۾ ورهايل آھي، جو ھڪ نسلي گروھ آھي. [[پاڪستان]] ۾ صوبي [[پنجاب، پاڪستان]] ۾ آباد آھن، جڏھن تہ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڀارتي رياست، [[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن. انھن جي مادري ٻولي پنجابي آھي جڏھن تہ ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]، [[سرائڪي ٻولي|سرائيڪي ٻولي]]، [[پشتو ٻولي|پشتو]]، [[پوٺوهار|پوٺوهاري ٻولي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] کي بطور ٻين ٻولي استعمال ڪندا آھن. ھاڻي ٻيا بہ گروھ بڻجي ويا آھن (جيئن سرائيڪي، پوٺوهاري وغيرہ) اھي بہ پنجابي نسلي گروھه جو ئي قسم آھن جنهن جو زمين جي فاصلي سان گڏوگڏ لھجو بدلجي ويو آهي. [[File:Dhol players.jpg|250px|thumb |پنجابي ماڻھن جي ثقافت ۾ ڍول اھم ساز آهي]] {{infobox ethnic group |group = پنجابي |native_name = {{Lang|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}<br>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ |population = 13 کان 15 ڪروڙ |region1 = {{flag|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 9,44,86,500<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk "Pakistan"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116044500/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html#pk |date=2018-11-16 }} The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency.</ref> |region2 = {{flag|India}} |pop2 = 3,00,00,000<ref name="autogenerated9">{{cite web|title=Punjabi Population In India - State wise details|url=http://www.punjabdata.com/Punjabi-Population-In-India.aspx|website=www.punjabdata.com|language=en}}</ref> |region4 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |pop4 = 7,00,000<ref name="HC">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmhansrd/cm061205/halltext/61205h0001.htm|title=Punjabi Community|first=John|last=McDonnell|work=House of Commons|date=5 December 2006|accessdate=3 August 2016|quote=We now estimate the Punjabi community at about 700,000, with Punjabi established as the second language certainly in London and possibly within the United Kingdom.}}</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Canada}} |pop5 = 5,45,730<ref name="autogenerated8">{{cite web|title=NHS Profile, Canada, 2011, Census Data|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Data=Count&SearchText=canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Non-official%20language&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1|website=Government of Canada, Statistics Canada|accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref> |region6 = {{flag|United States}} |pop6 = 2,53,740<ref name="autogenerated6">[http://www2.census.gov/library/data/tables/2008/demo/language-use/2009-2013-acs-lang-tables-nation.xls US Census Bureau ''American Community Survey (2009-2013)'' See Row #62]</ref> |region7 = {{flag|Australia}} |pop7 = 1,32,496<ref name="autogenerated2">[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 Top ten languages spoken at home in Australia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709233002/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/2071.0~2016~Main%20Features~Cultural%20Diversity%20Article~20 |date=9 July 2017}}</ref> |region10 = {{flag|Malaysia}} |pop10 = 56,400<ref name="autogenerated4">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MY|title=Malaysia|publisher=}}</ref> |region11 = {{flag|Libya}} |pop11 = 54,000<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/LY|title=Libya|publisher=}}</ref> |region12 = {{flag|Norway}} |pop12 = 24,000<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JOMobauYAC|title=Encyclopedia of Linguistics|first=Philipp|last=Strazny|date=1 February 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}}</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Bangladesh}} |pop13 = 23,700<ref name="autogenerated7">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD|title=Bangladesh|publisher=}}</ref> |region14 = {{flag|New Zealand}} |pop14 = 19,752<ref name="autogenerated10">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213100306/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/data-tables/totals-by-topic/totals-by-topic-tables.xls |archivedate=13 December 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |region15 = {{flag|Nepal}} |pop15 = 10,000<ref name="autogenerated3">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/wphc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf</ref><br> |langs = [[پنجابي ٻولي|پنجابي]] ۽ [[پنجابي لھجا]] |religions = [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]]، پاڪستان: [[اسلام ]] (%97)<br>[[پنجاب، ڀارت|پنجاب]]، انڊيا: [[سک ازم|سک مذهب]] (%57.7)، [[ھندوازم|هندو مت]] (%38.5) }} پنجاب [[فارسي ٻولي]]ءَ جي ٻن لفظن مان نڪتل آهي؛ پنج ۽ آب جن جي معني آهي پنج پاڻين واري سرزمين. پنجابي ان سرزمين تي رھندڙ ماڻھو آھن.<ref name="Gandhi 2013">{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Rajmohan|title=Punjab: A History from Aurangzeb to Mountbatten|year=2013|publisher=Aleph Book Company|location=New Delhi, India, Urbana, [[Illinois]]|isbn=978-93-83064-41-0}}</ref> [[ڏکڻ ايشيا]] جي فارسي ترڪ فاتحن ان سرزمين کي ھن نالي سان متعارف ڪرايو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Persia in Historical Perspective|year=1991|page=1 ("Origins")|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=[[Cambridge]], United Kingdom<!--|isbn=0-521-39094-X-->|isbn=0-521-52291-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | work=Reuters | title=Punjab, bread basket of India, hungers for change | date=30 January 2012 | access-date=21 April 2018 | archive-date=26 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 | dead-url=yes | accessdate=21 April 2018 | archivedate=26 June 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626145944/http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/01/30/india-election-punjab-idINDEE80S02520120130 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://water.columbia.edu/2012/03/07/columbia-water-center-released-new-whitepaper-restoring-groundwater-in-punjab-indias-breadbasket/ |title=Columbia Water Center Released New Whitepaper: "Restoring Groundwater in Punjab, India's Breadbasket" – Columbia Water Center|publisher=Water.columbia.edu |date=7 March 2012 |accessdate=12 July 2013}}</ref> ارڙھين صديءَ جي آغاز ۾ ڪيترن ئي قبيلن، ذاتين ۽ اتان جي رھندڙ ماڻھن جي سنگم انھن کي پنجابي جي نئين نالي سان سڃاڻپ ڏني. ان کان اڳ انھن قبيلن ۽ ذاتين ۾ ساڳي ٻولي ۽ نسلي يا ثقافتي ھڪجھڙائي ھجڻ باوجود ھڪ قوم جو تصور ڪونہ ھيو.<ref>{{cite book|last=Malhotra|first=edited by Anshu|title=Punjab reconsidered : history, culture, and practice|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780198078012|url=http://global.oup.com/academic/product/punjab-reconsidered-history-culture-and-practice-9780198078012;jsessionid=67C0F3362215BC7FE368DF643C70CA16?cc=de&lang=en&|author2=Mir, Farina}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ayers|first=Alyssa|title=Language, the Nation, and Symbolic Capital: The Case of Punjab|journal=Journal of Asian Studies|year=2008|volume=67|issue=3|pages=917–46|url=http://alyssaayres.com/pdf/Ayres-JAS-Language-Nation.pdf|doi=10.1017/s0021911808001204}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Thandi|first=edited and introduced by Pritam Singh and Shinder S.|title=Globalisation and the region : explorations in Punjabi identity|year=1996|publisher=Association for Punjab Studies (UK)|location=Coventry, United Kingdom|isbn=1874699054}}</ref> == تاريخ == {{اصل مضمون|تاريخ پنجاب}} == محل وقوع == {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب جو خطو}} پنجابي ماڻھو اصل ۾ [[پنجاب جو خطو|خطي پنجاب]] ۾ آباد آھن۔ پنجاب جو مطلب پنج دريائن جو خطو آھي۔ مقامي پنجابي آبادي ان وقت بطور مقدر اڀري جڏھن ارڙھين صدي ۾ رنجيت سنگھ پھريون ڀيرو پنجاب اعظم جو بنياد رکيو جنھن ۾ ھاڻوڪو پاکستاني پنجاب، ڀارتي پنجاب، پورو آزاد ڪشمير ۽ ھاڻوڪو [[خيبر پختونخوا]] شامل آھن ھي سڀ علائقا پنجاب ۾ شمار ٿين ٿا۔ پنجابي ماڻھو اوڀر ۾ ڀارتي رياست ھماچل پرديش،ھرياڻہ ۽ راجسٿان کان وٺي ڪري اولھ ۾ پاڪستاني صوبي [[خيبر پختونخوا]] تائين جڏھن تہ اتر ۾ ڄمون ۽ ڪشمير کان وٺي ڏکڻ ۾ [[سنڌ]] تائين آباد آھن۔ === پاڪستاني پنجابي === پاڪستان ۾ تقريباََ 40 کان 45 سيڪڙو ماڻھو آھن جيڪي پنجابي ٻولي ڳالھائن ٿا۔ پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي آبادي ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورزھايل سمجھي وڃي ٿي، زميندار ۽ قوم۔ زميندار اصل ۾ انھن پنجابين کي چيو وڃي ٿو جيڪي زراعت ۽ [[ھارپو|ھارپي]] سان لاڳاپيل ھوندا آھن۔ زميندار گروھ وڌيڪ راجپوت، جٽ، شيخ، گوجر، گاڪخر، ڊوگر ۽ رحماني ۾ ورھايل آھن. پاڪستان ۾ پنجابي اڪثريتي آبادي مسلمان آھن۔ {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! صوبو ! پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ !سيڪڙو |- | — | '''پاڪستان''' | '''76,335,300''' | '''44.15''' |- | 1 | [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]] | 70,671,704 | 75.23 |- | 2 | [[سنڌ]] | 3,592,261 | 6.99 |- | 3 | [[اسلام آباد|وفاقي گادي جو ھنڌ، اسلام آباد]] | 1,343,625 | 71.62 |- | 5 | [[بلوچستان (صوبو)|بلوچستان]] | 318,745 | 2.52 |} === ڀارتي پنجابي === [[فائل:Punjabi_sardar.jpg|thumb|ھڪ ڀارتي پنجابي ھاري]] ڀارت ۾ پنجابي مذھبي اعتبار سان ٻن اھم گروھن ۾ ورھايل آھن، ھڪ سک آبادي ۽ ٻين ھندو آبادي۔ ڀارت ۾ پنجابي آبادي تقريباََ 4 سيڪڙو آھي جيڪي تقريباََ 3 ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ فرد ٿين ٿا. == مذھب == پنجابي ماڻھن ۾ سڀ کان وڌيڪ ٻہ مذھب آھن، پاڪستان ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي اڪثريتي طور تي مسلمان جڏھن تہ ڀارت ۾ رھندڙ پنجابي سک مذھب جا پيروڪار آھن۔ پنجابي اڪثر مسلمان آھن جيڪي [[سني]] اسلام جي فقہ حنفي جا پيروڪار آھن. == ثقافت == === ٻولي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ٻولي}} پنجابي ماڻھن جي مادري زبان پنجابي آھي جيڪا ھڪ ھند يورپي ٻولي آھي جيڪا پنجاب جي باشندن ۾ مروج آھي۔ پنجابي ڳالھائيندڙ وارن ۾ ھندومت، سک مت، اسلام، ۽ مسيحيت جا پيروڪار شامل آھن۔ اول ذڪر ڪيل مذھب کان علاوه باقي ٽنھي مذھبن ۾ ھن زبان کي خاص حيثيت حاصل رھي آھي۔ [[پاڪستان]] ۽ [[ڀارت]] ۾ ڪيل مردم شمارين جي مطابق دنيا ۾ پنجابي ڳالھائڻ وارن جي تعداد 14-15ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آھي. ان کان علاوہ [[اردو]]،[[هندي]] ۽ [[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]] بطور ٻين زبان استعمال ڪندا آھن۔ === پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌو === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي کاڌو}} [[فائل:Gajar_Ka_Halwa.JPG|thumb|گجر جو حلوو]] پنجاب ۾ تندوري کاڌا گھڻو عام آھن۔ پنجابي ثقافتي کاڌن ۾ مرغ تڪو،[[پٽاٽو]] گوبي، پراٺو، ديسي لسي، تندوري چجن، زيره چاول، پنجيري، تڙڪہ دال، سيون، گجر جو حلوو، اچار گوشت ۽ پنير شامل آھن. === موسيقي === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي موسيقي}} === رقص === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي رقص}} پنجاب ۾ تمام گھڻا ثقافتي رقص عام آھن جن ۾ سڀ کان معروف رقص ڀنگڙو آھي جيڪو مختلف تقريبن ۽ ڏڻن تي ڪيو ويندو آھي۔ ٻيا ھيٺ ڏنل آھن: * ڀنگڙڳ * سمي * گِدڌا * ڪڪلي * جھومر * ڊنڊاس * جگني * لڊي === ڏڻ === {{اصل مضمون|پنجابي ڏڻ}} === رانديون === {{اصل مضمون|پنجاب ۾ رانديون}} == پنجابي بلحاظ ملڪ == {| class="wikitable" ! درجو ! ملڪ ! آبادي |- |1 | {{جهنڊو|پاڪستان}} | 81,379,615 |- |2 | {{جهنڊو|ڀارت}} | 33,109,672 |- |3 | {{جهنڊو|برطانيا}} مملڪت متحدہ | 2,300,000 |- |4 | {{جهنڊو|ڪئناڊا}} | 800,000 |- |5 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل عرب امارتون}} | 720,000 |- |6 | {{جهنڊو|گڏيل آمريڪي رياستون}} | 640,000 |- |7 | {{جهنڊو|سعودي عرب}} | 620,000 |- |8 | {{جهنڊو|آسٽريليا}} |620,000 |- |9 | {{جهنڊو|ھانگ کڍڪانگ}} ھانگ ڪانگ | 260,000 |- |10 | {{جهنڊو|ملائيشيا}} ملائيشيا | 185,000 |- |11 | {{جهنڊو|ڏکڻ آفريڪا}} | 140,000 |- |12 | {{جهنڊو|برما}} | 120,000 |- |13 | {{جهنڊو|فرانس}} | 90,000 |- |14 | {{جهنڊو|اٽلي}} | 80,000 |- |15 | {{جهنڊو|ٿائيلينڊ}} ٿائيلينڊ | 75,000 |- |16 | {{جهنڊو|جاپان}} | 75,000 |- |17 | {{جهنڊو|موريشس}} موريشس | 70,000 |- |18 | {{جهنڊو|سنگاپور}} | 70,000 |- |19 | {{جهنڊو|سلطنت عمان}} | 68,000 |- |20 | {{جهنڊو|لبيا}} | 65,000 |- |21 | {{جهنڊو|بحرين}} | 60,000 |- |22 | {{جهنڊو|ڪينيا}} ڪينيا | 55,000 |- |23 | {{جهنڊو|تنزانيہ}} تنزانيہ | 45,000 |- |24 | {{جهنڊو|ڪويت}} | 40,000 |- |25 | {{جهنڊو|ناروي}}ناروي | 25,000 |- |26 | {{جهنڊو|ڊينمارڪ}} ڊينمارڪ | 15,000 |} == پڻ ڏسو == * [[پنجاب|پنجاب جو خطو]] * [[پنجابي ٻولي]] ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} == خارجي ڳنڍڻا == * [http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/subject/peoplesandlanguages.html قبل از اسلام سنڌ جي واديء ۾ ماڻھو ۽ ٻوليون] * [http://asianbookcenter.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=25&products_id=524 مفت پنجابي (گرمکي) پرائمر] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707173554/http://asianbookcenter.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=25&products_id=524 |date=2011-07-07 }} * [http://www.punjabilinks.com پنجابي ڳنڍڻا] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928150134/http://www.punjabilinks.com/ |date=2017-09-28 }} [[زمرو:پنجابي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پنجابي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 8qwrxej2g50c674juz0pi2ppnga558p 0 30400 377465 372657 2026-05-14T15:31:09Z Memon2025 21315 377465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = پشتون<br>Pashtun | image = |poptime = {{circa}} '''50&nbsp;ملین ''' (2011)<ref>Ethnologue</ref> |regions = |region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 29,342,892 (2012) |ref1 = |region2 = {{flagcountry|Afghanistan}} |pop2 = 12,776,369 (2012) |ref2 = |region3 = {{flagcountry|India}} |pop3 = Over 6,000 families |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>''The History, Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India: In Relation to Their Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Fine Arts, Population, Religion, Education, Statistics, Etc.، by Robert Montgomery Martin, Cambridge University Press.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&source=gbs_navlinks_s]، pg. 145. ''"Of the Pathans, there are above 6,000 families, chiefly settled in [[نوادہ]]، [[شیخ پورہ]]، and [[پٹنہ]]۔"'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false Link here]</ref>}} |region4 = {{flag|UAE}} |pop4 = 338,315 (2009) |ref4 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashto in UAE">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat207.pdf|title=United Arab Emirates: Demography|publisher=[[انسائیکلوپیڈیا بریطانیکا]] Online|work=Encyclopædia Britannica World Data|accessdate=15 مارچ 2008}}</ref>}} |region5 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |pop5 = 138,554 (2010) |ref5 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in USA">42% of [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/20/kabul.htm 200,000] [[Afghan American|Afghan-Americans]] = 84,000 and 15% of [http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table 363,699] [[Pakistani American|Pakistani-Americans]] = 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 138,554.</ref>}} |region6 = {{flag|Iran}} |pop6 = 110,000 (1993) |ref6 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pbt|title=Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (1993)|publisher=[[ایتھنولوک]]: Languages of the World|work=[[SIL International]]|accessdate=5 مئی 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221812/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pbt|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop7 = 100,000 (2009) |ref7 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL861250|title=Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns|first=William|last=Maclean|publisher=Reuters|date=10 جون 2009|accessdate=6 اگست 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221815/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL861250|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region8 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop8 = 37,800 (2012) |ref8 = {{lower|<ref name=BMZ>[http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html Relations between Afghanistan and Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html |date=2017-01-16 }}: Germany is now home to almost 90,000 people of Afghan origin. 42% of 90,000 = 37,800</ref>}} |pop9 = 26,000 (2006) |region9 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |ref9 = {{lower|<ref name="Canada-census">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada |publisher=2.statcan.ca |year=2006 |accessdate=17 اپریل 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221808/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region10 = {{flagcountry|Russia}} |pop10 = 9,800 (2002) |ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|title=Perepis.ru|work=perepis2002.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}} |region11 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop11 = 8,154 (2006) |ref11 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in Australia">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& |title=20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex – Australia |format=Microsoft Excel download |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |work=2006 Census |accessdate=2 جون 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221802/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}} Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.</ref>}} |region12 = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}} |pop12 = 5,500 (2008) |ref12 = |region13 = {{flag|Tajikistan}} |pop13 = 4,000 (1970) |ref13 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto" />}} |langs = [[پشتو]]<br />{{smaller|''[[اردو]]، [[سرائيڪي]]''}} |rels = [[اسلام]]}} '''پشتون''' هڪ ايراني نسلي گروهه آهي ۽ بنيادي طور تي ڏکڻ ۽ اوڀر [[افغانستان]] ۽ اتر اولهه [[پاڪستان]] ۾ رهي ٿو. انهن کي تاريخي طور تي '''افغان''' سڏيو ويندو هو، جيتوڻيڪ سال <small>1923ع</small> جي افغانستان جي آئين ۾، هڪ افغان قومي سڃاڻپ پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ، قطع نظر انهن جي نسلي گروهه جي، بادشاهت جي سڀني شهرين لاءِ، لفظ "افغان" جو قومي پهچان طور استعمال شروع ڪيو ويو. هي قوم ساٺيڪو قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي. سندن آبادي پنج ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آهي، جنهن مان اڌ آبادي افغانستان ۽ اڌ پاڪستان ۾ رهائش پذير آهي. پٺاڻن جي مُک قبيلن ۾ خٽڪ، ترين، وزير، بنگلزئي، دُراني، اچڪزئي، شيراني، غلزئي، بنگش، برانگ، اورڪزئي، محمدزئي، پوپلزئي، ڪاڪڙ، شيراني، آفريدي، محسود، يوسفزئي ۽ مهمند شامل آهن. اهي قبيلا وري سوين پاڙن ۾ به تقسيم ٿيل آهن. ==اصليت== پٺاڻ ۽ افغان قوم بابت متضاد نظريا آهن. چيو وڃي ٿو ته اصل افغان، يهودي نسل مان آهن. پٺاڻن جا ڪيترائي قبيلا پنهنجو نسبي سلسلو اسرائيل جي پهرئين بادشاهه ’طالوت‘ جي پوٽي ’افغانه‘ سان ڳنڍيندا آهن. اهو به چيو وڃي ٿو ته ’افغان‘ ۽ ’پٺاڻ‘ ٻئي ڌار ڌار قومون آهن. افغان، هندستان جي ٻين قبيلن سان ميل جول کان پوءِ به پاڻ کي حقيقي افغان تسليم ڪندا آهن. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي پاڻ کي احمد شاهه دُرانيءَ جي عروج کان پوءِ دُراني سڏائيندا آيا آهن ۽ غير دراني پشتو ڳالهائڻ وارن کي”اوپرن“ ۾ شمار ڪندا آهن. افغانن ۽ اڪثر پٺاڻن جي ٻولي ”پشتو“ يا ”پختو“ آهي ۽ اهي پاڻ کي ”پختون“ يا ”پشتون“ به چوائين ٿا. اهو لفظ پوءِ بدلجي ”پٺـاڻ“ ٿي ويو آهي. عيسوي صديءَ جي اوائل ۾ هن قوم جا ماڻهو ڪوهه سفيد ۽ اترئين ڪوهه سليمان تي آباد هئا. اهي پوءِ سنڌو درياهه جي کاٻي ڪپ کان وٺي درياهه سوات تائين ۽ جلال آباد (افغانستان) کان وٺي پشين ۽ ڪوئيٽا تائين آهستي آهستي پکڙجندا رهيا ۽ اتي جي افغان ۽ غلزئي قبيلن جي ٻوليءَ ۽ روايتن کي پنهنجو ڪيائون. اهڙيءَ طرح پشتو(پختو) زبان ڳالهائڻ وارا سڀ ماڻهو هڪ نالي ”پٺاڻ“ طور مشهور ٿي ويا. ==حسب نسب== پنهنجي نسب جو سلسلو ”افغانه“ سان ملائڻ وارا پٺاڻ چون ٿا ته بخت نصر (سائرس عظيم) کين سام وٺي ويو ۽ پوءِ کين فارس ۽ ٻين ملڪن ۾ آباد ڪيائين. افغان جي حوالي سان ڪتاب ”پنجاب ڪي ذاتين“ جي مصنف ڊينزل ابسٽن، ايڊورڊ آليور جي ڪتاب ”پٺاڻ ۽ بلوچ“ جو حوالو ڏيندي لکيو آهي ته بن يامين بن يعقوب جي اولاد مان هڪ پٽ ’قيس‘ يا ”ڪيش“ هو، جنهن کي پنهنجي پيءُ ۽ چاچي طرفان ورثي ۾ صرف چار رڍون مليون. قيس جو هڪ پٽ ’سارل‘ هو، جنهن کي طويل قد جي ڪري ’طالوت‘ چوندا هئا. طالوت، لوي قبيلي جي ٻن عورتن سان شاديون ڪيون. هڪ زال مان کيس هڪ ڌيءَ ڄائي، جنهن جي شادي حضرت دائود عليه السلام سان ٿي، جيڪو پنهنجي ٻارهن ڀائرن ۾ سڀني کان ننڍو هو. دائود، عمالقه قبيلي سان جنگين دوران، وڏا ڪارناما ڏيکاريا ته کيس رياست جو اڳواڻ بنايو ويو. ان بعد دائود ئي طالوت (سارل) جو جانشين بنيو. طالوت جي وفات کان چند ڏينهن پوءِ، سندس ٻنهي زالن کي ٻه پٽ ڄاوا، جن جا نالا ’برقيه‘ ۽ ’ارميه‘ رکيا ويا. دائود ٻنهي ڀائرن تي مهربان رهندو آيو ۽ کين سرداريون ۽ ترقيون پڻ ڏنائين. ٻنهي جون شاديون ڪرايون ويون ۽ کين هڪ هڪ پٽ به ڄائو. برقيه جي پٽ جو نالو آصف ۽ ارميه جي پٽ جو نالو افغانه رکيو ويو. اهو ئي افغانه هو، جنهن کي افغان پنهنجو مورثِ اعليٰ سڏيندا آهن، جيڪو طالوت (سارل) جو پوٽو هو. اهڙيءَ طرح سندس نسب جو سلسلو اڳتي هلندو رهيو، پر هتي اهو ڄاڻڻ ضروري آهي ته اهو سلسله نسب افغانن جو آهي، جڏهن ته پٺاڻ هندستاني ماخذ آهن. ساڳئي ڪتاب ۾ لکيل آهي ته نبي اڪرم صلي الله عليه وسلم جي دؤر ۾ جڏهن افغان قبيلن کي دين جي دعوت ڏني وئي ته ڪيترا سردار مديني طرف روانا ٿيا. انهن قبيلن ۾ سردار قيس جو قبيلو به شامل هو، جيڪو سڀ کان طاقتور هو ۽ ان جو نسبي سلسلو 37 هين نمبر تي سارل (طالوت)، 45 هين نمبر تي حضرت ابراهيم سان مليو ٿي. نبي ڪريم صلي الله عليه وسلم سان ملاقات بعد ايمان آندائون. سندن عبراني نالا هٽائي، عربي نالا رکيا ويا. ==پنجين صدي== ٻئي پاسي پنجين ۽ ڇهين صديءَ جي وچ ڌاري هندوڪش جبل ۽ واديء سنڌ ۾ سٿين (Scythian) قبيلن جي حملن، ٻڌمت جي پيروڪارن گنڌارا جي هڪ وڏي آباديءَ کي هڪالي ڪابل جي اتر ۽ پشاور جي اترين پهاڙين ڏانهن ڀڄائي ڪڍيو. انهن پوءِ هلمند درياهه جي ٻنهي ڪنارن تي پنهنجون آباديون قائم ڪيون ۽ هڪ وڏو شهر آباد ڪيو، جنهن جو نالو ”گنڌار“ رکيائون، جيڪو پوءِ ”قنڌار“ ٿي ويو. اهي ئي ماڻهو ”خاص پٺاڻ“ آهن. جڏهن دنيا تي اسلام جو غلبو ٿيڻ لڳو، تڏهن نبي سڳوري صلي الله عليه وسلم وٽ ايمان آڻيندڙ افغان قبيلا عرب فاتحن سان گڏ ڏکڻ ايشيا ڏانهن وڌڻ لڳا. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي هلمند درياهه جي ڪنارن ۽ قنڌار شهر ۾ آيا ۽ اتي جي رهاڪن خاص پٺاڻن سان ملي جلي ويا. پوءِ اهي ٻئي قومون ”پٺاڻ“ جي هڪ نالي هيٺ گڏ رهڻ لڳيون ۽ ٻنهي قومن هڪ ٻئي جي تهذيب، ثقافت ۽ ٻوليءَ کي قبول ڪيو. ’ابدالي‘، ’شيراني‘، ’دراني‘ ۽ ’ترين‘ قبيلا خالص افغاني ۽ اسرائيلي ماخذ جا آهن، جڏهن ته ’يوسف زئي‘، ’پاني زئي‘، ’مهمند‘ ’اورڪ زئي‘ وغيره خالص پٺاڻ آهن. ارڙهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ ابدالي قبيلا طاقت ور ٿيا ۽ قنڌار توڙي ٻين علائقن جا حڪمران ٿي ويا ۽ ان ملڪ جو نالو افغانستان رکيائون. ==ستين صدي== ستين صدي عيسويءَ جي خاتمي کان ٿورو اڳ، پٺاڻ (پشتون/پختون يا افغان) پشاور ۽ خيبر لڪ جي علائقي ۾ آيا. هنن ايندي ئي پنجاب جي حڪمرانن کان سنڌو درياهه جي اولهه وارو ميداني علائقو کسي ورتو، بعد ۾ گهکڙ قوم جي مدد سان سنڌو درياهه ۽ جهلم جي وچ واري علائقي تي قابض ٿي ويا. ان کان پوءِ پٺاڻن لاهور جي حاڪمن کي مجبور ڪيو ته سنڌو درياءَ جو الهندي وارو ۽ ڪابل درياهه جو ڏاکڻيون جابلو علائقو به پٺاڻن جي حوالي ڪن. هڪ طبقي جو چوڻ آهي ته پشاور اصل ۾ ’هندڪو‘ ڳالهائيندڙ اصلوڪن ميداني پشورين جو علائقو هو، جنهن ۾ پوءِ جابلو افغاني/ پٺاڻ اچي وسيا (وڌيڪ ڏسو: پشاور). ==ڏهين صدي== ڏهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ پشاور وارو علائقو وري افغانستان جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو. جڏهن سبڪتگين لاهور جي راجا جئپال کي شڪست ڏني. ان کان پوءِ سلطان محمود غزنويءَ يارهين صدي عيسويءَ جي اوائل ۾ هندستان تي حملن دوران پشاور کي مستقل طرح ڇانوڻي بنائي ڇڏيو. سلطان محمود کان سؤ سالن تائين پشاور کي ”غزنه“ جو پرڳڻو شمار ڪيو ويندو هو. آخر ۾ پندرهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ غورين جي هٿان غزنوي حڪومت جو خاتمو ٿيو ۽ 1505ع تائين هتي مختلف حڪمرانن جي حڪومت هلندي رهي. سال 1526ع ۾ بابر، خيبر لڪ کان حملي آور ٿيو. هو پنهنجي حڪومت جي شروعاتي دور ۾ افغانن (پٺاڻن) ڏانهن متوجهه ٿيو ۽ هن باجوڙ ۽ سوات کي فتح ڪيو. ==همايوني دور== همايون جي زماني ۾ هتي خليل، مهمند ۽ دائودزئي قبيلن جي خانه جنگي ٿيندي رهي. انهيءَ ڪري اڪبر بادشاهه فسادن کي روڪڻ لاءِ گهڻن هنڌن تي فوجي قلعا ٺهرائي، وڙهندڙ قبيلن ۾ ٺاپر آندي. ليڪن هن علائقي تي قبضي جو اصل مقصد هو ڪابل ڏانهن ويندڙ رستي جي حفاظت. ان زماني ۾ يوسف زئي ۽ خٽڪ قبيلن ۾ اختلاف هئڻ سبب هي علائقو ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ويو. هنن پنهنجو پاڻ کي اصلي حاڪم چوَرايو، پر دهليءَ جي حڪومت سان به نالي ماتر تعلق رکندا آيا. اها حالت جهانگير ۽ شاهه جهان جي عهد تائين قائم رهي. ==سنڌ تي قبضو== 1668ع ۾ پٺاڻن گهڻي تعداد ۾ گڏجي سنڌو درياهه جي حدن مان ڇڇ واري علائقي تي قبضو ڪري، دهليءَ ۽ ڪابل جو رستو بند ڪري ڇڏيو. اهڙيءَ طرح گهڻي وقت تائين پشاور جي سٺي ميداني علائقي تي قبضو ڄمائي ويٺا رهيا. انهيءَ عرصي ۾ اورنگزيب خود لشڪر وٺي آيو ته جيئن انهن قبيلن تي ٻيهر پنهنجو تسلط قائم رکي سگهي. اها جدوجهد ٻه سال (75-1673ع) جاري رهي. انهن جنگين ۾ پشتو زبان جي نامور شاعر [[خوشحال خان خٽڪ]] وڏو حصو ورتو هو. هو اورنگ زيب جو سخت مخالف هو، ۽ سندس ڪيتري شاعري اورنگزيب ۽ مغلن خلاف آهي. هن وصيت ڪئي هئي ته کيس مرڻ پڄاڻان اهڙي هنڌ دفن ڪيو وڃي، جتي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو به نه پوي. چون ٿا ته جيستائين مغلن جو اثر هو، خوشحال خان جي قبر جي نوجوان پهاڙن جي چوٽين تان بيهي حفاظت ڪندا هئا ۽ ڪڏهن به ان تي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو پوڻ نه ڏنائون. ==اورنگزيب== اورنگزيب جي پونئرن بعد ۾ پشاور تي پنهنجو قبضو قائم رکيو، پر مغلن جي زوال سبب 1740ع ۾ پشاور نادر شاهه جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو، جنهن ڪري مغلن سنڌو درياهه جو اولهندو ڪنارو سڄي جو سڄو نادر شاهه جي حوالي ڪري ڇڏيو. انهيءَ وچ ۾ نادر شاهه جي خراسان ۾ مصروفيت سبب يوسف زئي، خٽڪ ۽ ڪوهستاني قبيلا بلڪل آزاد ۽ خودمختيار رهيا، البته خليل، مهمند، دائود زئي ۽ محمد زئي قبيلن کان زبردستي خراج ورتو ويندو هو. نادر شاهه جي وفات کان پوءِ سدوزئي دُرانين، احمد شاهه ابداليءَ جي اثر هيٺ قنڌار ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت قائم ڪري ورتي، جنهن جي دور ۾ پشاور جي علائقي ۾ به سندن قبضو قائم رهيو. 1793ع ۾ سدوزئي قبيلي جي آخري دعويدار شاهه شجاع پشاور ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت جو اعلان ڪيو. آخرڪار وڏن انقلابن کان پوءِ شاهه شجاع 1815ع ۾ دستبردار ٿي. انگريزن جي حفاظت ۾ لڌياني ۾ رهائش اختيار ڪئي ۽ اهو سمورو علائقو سکن جي قبضي ۾ هليو ويو. پشاور جي علائقي مان سکن جي حڪمراني تڏهن ختم ٿي، جڏهن 1849ع ۾ سکن کي آخري شڪست ملي ۽ پشاور جي وادي انگريزن جي مملڪت ۾ شامل ٿي وئي. ميجر لارنس کي پشاور جو ڊپٽي ڪمشنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ ان کي پنجاب گورنمينٽ جو هڪ انتظامي ضلعو قرار ڏنو ويو. ==قبيلا== پٺاڻ قوم نسل جي لحاظ کان وڏن وڏن قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي، جن جو ڪو گڏيل وجود نه آهي. قبيلي جو هر حصو جيڪو ڀلي ڪيترو وڏو يا ننڍو هجي، پنهنجو سربراهه رکندو آهي، جنهن کي خاص پٺاڻ لقب ”مَلڪ“ مليل هوندو آهي، ڪجهه قبيلن ۾ ’خيل‘ يا ’سردار خانه‘ به چوندا آهن. جڏهن ته مڪمل ۽ آخري فيصلي وارا اختيار ”جرڳي“ وٽ هوندا آهن. هر قبيلي جا وري ننڍا ننڍا قبيلا ئي فرقا هوندا آهن. اهي ننڍا قبيلا يا فرقا هڪ انداز ۾ ’زئي‘ يا ’خيل‘ جي اضافي سان مشترڪ مورث اعليٰ جي نالي سان منسوب هوندا آهن. ’زئي‘ پشتو ٻوليءَ جي لفظ ’زوء‘ يعني ”پٽ“ جي بگڙيل صورت آهي، جڏهن ته ’خيل‘ عربي ٻوليءَ جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معنيٰ ’ جماعت‘ يا ’تنظيم‘ آهي، جيئن ’ڪاڪا خيل‘ يا ’يوسفزئيءَ‘ وغيره. سنڌ ۾ پٺاڻن جي آمد: سنڌ ۾ ڪن هنڌن تي پٺاڻن جون قديم بستيون آهن. پنهنجي مکيه قوم ۽ ٻوليءَ کان ڪٽجي وڃڻ سبب، ڪيترن کي ته ياد ئي نه رهيو آهي ته انهن جو ڪو تعلق پٺاڻ قوم سان آهي. سنڌ ۾ رهندڙ انڊڻ، کجڪ، نحر ۽ ڪاڪڙ قبيلا، اصل ۾ پٺاڻ آهن. پر گهڻي وقت کان سنڌ ۾ رهڻ ۽ [[سنڌي ٻولي]]، تهذيب ۽ ثقافت اختيار ڪرڻ ڪري، هو پٺاڻ قوم جي پشتو ٻولي به نٿا ڳالهائين. خود ”پٺاڻ“ نالي سان به ڪيترائي قبيلا هتي رهائش پذير آهن، جيڪي ڪجهه سرائڪي ۽ ڪي سنڌي ٻولي ڳالهائين ٿا ۽ پاڻ کي سنڌي پٺاڻ سڏائين ٿا. ==موجود سنڌ ۾== اوائل ۾ پٺاڻ قوم جي سنڌ اچڻ جو واحد ذريعو سنڌو درياهه ئي هو، جنهن ذريعي هن قوم جا ماڻهو ٻيڙين ۾ چڙهي سنڌ پهتا ۽ اتي اچي مقامي ماڻهن جا هنر ۽ ڌنڌا اختيار ڪيائون. ڪي ماڻهو هتي اچي واپار جي ڪم ۾ لڳي ويا ته ڪن اچي ٻيڙيون ۽ بتيلا ٺاهڻ شروع ڪيا ته ڪن لوهارڪو ڌنڌو اختيار ڪيو. هن قوم جي ماڻهن جو سنڌ ۾ اچڻ جو ٻيو وڏو سبب جنگيون ۽ حملا پڻ هئا. عربن جي دؤر کان پوءِ مختلف حملن ۽ جنگين ۾ ارغون ۽ ترخان حڪمرانيءَ دوران پڻ پٺاڻ سنڌ ۾ آباد ٿيا ۽ انهن مڪاني هنرن ۽ فنن سميت پنهنجا هنر به ڪم آندا. خاص طور تي نيزا، ڀالا ۽ تراريون ٺاهڻ وغيره. اڄ به لاڙڪاڻي طرف جا پٺاڻ لوهارڪو ڌنڌو ڪندا آهن. ننڍي کنڊ جي ورهاڱي کان پوءِ مسلم اڪثريتي علائقن کي پاڪستان ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، تن ۾ صوبو سرحد ۽ اتريان آزاد قبائلي علائقا پٺاڻن جي آباديءَ تي مشتمل هئا. اهڙيءَ طرح صوبي بلوچستان ۾ به بلوچن ۽ سنڌين کان پوءِ پٺاڻن جي گهڻي آبادي آهي. جڏهن ته سنڌ ۽ پنجاب ۾ به ڪيترائي پٺاڻ قبيلا رهائش پذير آهن. سنڌ ۾ خاص طور تي حيدرآباد ۽ ڪراچيءَ ۾ وڏي تعداد ۾ پٺاڻ آباد آهن، جيڪي مختلف ڪم ڪار ۽ هنر ڄاڻن ٿا. ڪراچيءَ ۾ خاص طور تي موٽر ورڪشاپن ۽ ٽرانسپورٽ ۾ اڪثريت پٺاڻن جي آهي. افغانستان ۾ روسي مداخلت ۽ بعد ۾ خانه جنگيءَ جي صورتحال ۽ پيدا ٿيل معاشي بدحاليءَ بعد افغاني ڀڳوڙن جو هڪ وڏو تعداد سڄي پاڪستان جي مختلف حصن ۽ خاص ڪري سنڌ ۾، سو به ڪراچيءَ ۾ ڪاروبار ۽ ٻيا ڌنڌا ڪري رهيا آهن. ڪابل، قنڌار ۽ مزار شريف تي طالبان جي قبضي ۽ شمالي اتحاد جي شڪست ۽ بعد ۾ عالمي برادريءَ ۽ گڏيل قومن طرفان لڳندڙ معاشي ۽ اقتصادي پابندين جي ڪري، روز بروز ڪيترائي افغاني پٺـاڻ سنڌ ڏانهن به اچي رهيا آهن ۽ سنڌ جا ماڻهو هر وقت سندن آمد تي احتجاج ڪندا رهيا آهن. ان حد تائين جو اسيمبلي فلور تي به افغان پناهگيرن جي آمد خلاف ڪيترا ڀيرا آواز اٿاريو ويو آهي.<ref>ڪتاب: [[انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا]]، جلد ٽيون، ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو|سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي]] (ISBN: 978-969-9098-40-6) سال: 2011 </ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:افغانستان]] [[زمرو:پٺاڻ ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:افغانستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] [[زمرو:افغانستان جا ماڻھو]] fusop1tzra9of9rc0fq66onlbl53ihh 377469 377465 2026-05-14T15:35:33Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 377469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = پشتون<br>Pashtun | image = |poptime = {{circa}} '''50&nbsp;ملین ''' (2011)<ref>Ethnologue</ref> |regions = |region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 29,342,892 (2012) |ref1 = |region2 = {{flagcountry|Afghanistan}} |pop2 = 12,776,369 (2012) |ref2 = |region3 = {{flagcountry|India}} |pop3 = Over 6,000 families |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>''The History, Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India: In Relation to Their Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Fine Arts, Population, Religion, Education, Statistics, Etc.، by Robert Montgomery Martin, Cambridge University Press.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&source=gbs_navlinks_s]، pg. 145. ''"Of the Pathans, there are above 6,000 families, chiefly settled in [[نوادہ]]، [[شیخ پورہ]]، and [[پٹنہ]]۔"'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false Link here]</ref>}} |region4 = {{flag|UAE}} |pop4 = 338,315 (2009) |ref4 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashto in UAE">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat207.pdf|title=United Arab Emirates: Demography|publisher=[[انسائیکلوپیڈیا بریطانیکا]] Online|work=Encyclopædia Britannica World Data|accessdate=15 مارچ 2008}}</ref>}} |region5 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |pop5 = 138,554 (2010) |ref5 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in USA">42% of [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/20/kabul.htm 200,000] [[Afghan American|Afghan-Americans]] = 84,000 and 15% of [http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table 363,699] [[Pakistani American|Pakistani-Americans]] = 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 138,554.</ref>}} |region6 = {{flag|Iran}} |pop6 = 110,000 (1993) |ref6 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pbt|title=Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (1993)|publisher=[[ایتھنولوک]]: Languages of the World|work=[[SIL International]]|accessdate=5 مئی 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221812/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pbt|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop7 = 100,000 (2009) |ref7 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL861250|title=Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns|first=William|last=Maclean|publisher=Reuters|date=10 جون 2009|accessdate=6 اگست 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221815/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL861250|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region8 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop8 = 37,800 (2012) |ref8 = {{lower|<ref name=BMZ>[http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html Relations between Afghanistan and Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html |date=2017-01-16 }}: Germany is now home to almost 90,000 people of Afghan origin. 42% of 90,000 = 37,800</ref>}} |pop9 = 26,000 (2006) |region9 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |ref9 = {{lower|<ref name="Canada-census">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada |publisher=2.statcan.ca |year=2006 |accessdate=17 اپریل 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221808/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region10 = {{flagcountry|Russia}} |pop10 = 9,800 (2002) |ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|title=Perepis.ru|work=perepis2002.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}} |region11 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop11 = 8,154 (2006) |ref11 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in Australia">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& |title=20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex – Australia |format=Microsoft Excel download |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |work=2006 Census |accessdate=2 جون 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221802/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}} Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.</ref>}} |region12 = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}} |pop12 = 5,500 (2008) |ref12 = |region13 = {{flag|Tajikistan}} |pop13 = 4,000 (1970) |ref13 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto" />}} |langs = [[پشتو]]<br />{{smaller|''[[اردو]]، [[سرائيڪي]]''}} |rels = [[اسلام]]}} '''پشتون''' هڪ ايراني نسلي گروهه آهي ۽ بنيادي طور تي ڏکڻ ۽ اوڀر [[افغانستان]] ۽ اتر اولهه [[پاڪستان]] ۾ رهي ٿو. انهن کي تاريخي طور تي '''افغان''' سڏيو ويندو هو، جيتوڻيڪ سال <small>1923ع</small> جي افغانستان جي آئين ۾، هڪ افغان قومي سڃاڻپ پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ، قطع نظر انهن جي نسلي گروهه جي، بادشاهت جي سڀني شهرين لاءِ، لفظ "افغان" جو قومي پهچان طور استعمال شروع ڪيو ويو. هي قوم ساٺيڪو قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي. سندن آبادي پنج ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آهي، جنهن مان اڌ آبادي افغانستان ۽ اڌ پاڪستان ۾ رهائش پذير آهي. پٺاڻن جي مُک قبيلن ۾ خٽڪ، ترين، وزير، بنگلزئي، دُراني، اچڪزئي، شيراني، غلزئي، بنگش، برانگ، اورڪزئي، محمدزئي، پوپلزئي، ڪاڪڙ، شيراني، آفريدي، محسود، يوسفزئي ۽ مهمند شامل آهن. اهي قبيلا وري سوين پاڙن ۾ به تقسيم ٿيل آهن. ==اصليت== پٺاڻ ۽ افغان قوم بابت متضاد نظريا آهن. چيو وڃي ٿو ته اصل افغان، يهودي نسل مان آهن. پٺاڻن جا ڪيترائي قبيلا پنهنجو نسبي سلسلو اسرائيل جي پهرئين بادشاهه ’طالوت‘ جي پوٽي ’افغانه‘ سان ڳنڍيندا آهن. اهو به چيو وڃي ٿو ته ’افغان‘ ۽ ’پٺاڻ‘ ٻئي ڌار ڌار قومون آهن. افغان، هندستان جي ٻين قبيلن سان ميل جول کان پوءِ به پاڻ کي حقيقي افغان تسليم ڪندا آهن. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي پاڻ کي احمد شاهه دُرانيءَ جي عروج کان پوءِ دُراني سڏائيندا آيا آهن ۽ غير دراني پشتو ڳالهائڻ وارن کي”اوپرن“ ۾ شمار ڪندا آهن. افغانن ۽ اڪثر پٺاڻن جي ٻولي ”پشتو“ يا ”پختو“ آهي ۽ اهي پاڻ کي ”پختون“ يا ”پشتون“ به چوائين ٿا. اهو لفظ پوءِ بدلجي ”پٺـاڻ“ ٿي ويو آهي. عيسوي صديءَ جي اوائل ۾ هن قوم جا ماڻهو ڪوهه سفيد ۽ اترئين ڪوهه سليمان تي آباد هئا. اهي پوءِ سنڌو درياهه جي کاٻي ڪپ کان وٺي درياهه سوات تائين ۽ جلال آباد (افغانستان) کان وٺي پشين ۽ ڪوئيٽا تائين آهستي آهستي پکڙجندا رهيا ۽ اتي جي افغان ۽ غلزئي قبيلن جي ٻوليءَ ۽ روايتن کي پنهنجو ڪيائون. اهڙيءَ طرح پشتو(پختو) زبان ڳالهائڻ وارا سڀ ماڻهو هڪ نالي ”پٺاڻ“ طور مشهور ٿي ويا. ==حسب نسب== پنهنجي نسب جو سلسلو ”افغانه“ سان ملائڻ وارا پٺاڻ چون ٿا ته بخت نصر (سائرس عظيم) کين سام وٺي ويو ۽ پوءِ کين فارس ۽ ٻين ملڪن ۾ آباد ڪيائين. افغان جي حوالي سان ڪتاب ”پنجاب ڪي ذاتين“ جي مصنف ڊينزل ابسٽن، ايڊورڊ آليور جي ڪتاب ”پٺاڻ ۽ بلوچ“ جو حوالو ڏيندي لکيو آهي ته بن يامين بن يعقوب جي اولاد مان هڪ پٽ ’قيس‘ يا ”ڪيش“ هو، جنهن کي پنهنجي پيءُ ۽ چاچي طرفان ورثي ۾ صرف چار رڍون مليون. قيس جو هڪ پٽ ’سارل‘ هو، جنهن کي طويل قد جي ڪري ’طالوت‘ چوندا هئا. طالوت، لوي قبيلي جي ٻن عورتن سان شاديون ڪيون. هڪ زال مان کيس هڪ ڌيءَ ڄائي، جنهن جي شادي حضرت دائود عليه السلام سان ٿي، جيڪو پنهنجي ٻارهن ڀائرن ۾ سڀني کان ننڍو هو. دائود، عمالقه قبيلي سان جنگين دوران، وڏا ڪارناما ڏيکاريا ته کيس رياست جو اڳواڻ بنايو ويو. ان بعد دائود ئي طالوت (سارل) جو جانشين بنيو. طالوت جي وفات کان چند ڏينهن پوءِ، سندس ٻنهي زالن کي ٻه پٽ ڄاوا، جن جا نالا ’برقيه‘ ۽ ’ارميه‘ رکيا ويا. دائود ٻنهي ڀائرن تي مهربان رهندو آيو ۽ کين سرداريون ۽ ترقيون پڻ ڏنائين. ٻنهي جون شاديون ڪرايون ويون ۽ کين هڪ هڪ پٽ به ڄائو. برقيه جي پٽ جو نالو آصف ۽ ارميه جي پٽ جو نالو افغانه رکيو ويو. اهو ئي افغانه هو، جنهن کي افغان پنهنجو مورثِ اعليٰ سڏيندا آهن، جيڪو طالوت (سارل) جو پوٽو هو. اهڙيءَ طرح سندس نسب جو سلسلو اڳتي هلندو رهيو، پر هتي اهو ڄاڻڻ ضروري آهي ته اهو سلسله نسب افغانن جو آهي، جڏهن ته پٺاڻ هندستاني ماخذ آهن. ساڳئي ڪتاب ۾ لکيل آهي ته نبي اڪرم صلي الله عليه وسلم جي دؤر ۾ جڏهن افغان قبيلن کي دين جي دعوت ڏني وئي ته ڪيترا سردار مديني طرف روانا ٿيا. انهن قبيلن ۾ سردار قيس جو قبيلو به شامل هو، جيڪو سڀ کان طاقتور هو ۽ ان جو نسبي سلسلو 37 هين نمبر تي سارل (طالوت)، 45 هين نمبر تي حضرت ابراهيم سان مليو ٿي. نبي ڪريم صلي الله عليه وسلم سان ملاقات بعد ايمان آندائون. سندن عبراني نالا هٽائي، عربي نالا رکيا ويا. ==پنجين صدي== ٻئي پاسي پنجين ۽ ڇهين صديءَ جي وچ ڌاري هندوڪش جبل ۽ واديء سنڌ ۾ سٿين (Scythian) قبيلن جي حملن، ٻڌمت جي پيروڪارن گنڌارا جي هڪ وڏي آباديءَ کي هڪالي ڪابل جي اتر ۽ پشاور جي اترين پهاڙين ڏانهن ڀڄائي ڪڍيو. انهن پوءِ هلمند درياهه جي ٻنهي ڪنارن تي پنهنجون آباديون قائم ڪيون ۽ هڪ وڏو شهر آباد ڪيو، جنهن جو نالو ”گنڌار“ رکيائون، جيڪو پوءِ ”قنڌار“ ٿي ويو. اهي ئي ماڻهو ”خاص پٺاڻ“ آهن. جڏهن دنيا تي اسلام جو غلبو ٿيڻ لڳو، تڏهن نبي سڳوري صلي الله عليه وسلم وٽ ايمان آڻيندڙ افغان قبيلا عرب فاتحن سان گڏ ڏکڻ ايشيا ڏانهن وڌڻ لڳا. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي هلمند درياهه جي ڪنارن ۽ قنڌار شهر ۾ آيا ۽ اتي جي رهاڪن خاص پٺاڻن سان ملي جلي ويا. پوءِ اهي ٻئي قومون ”پٺاڻ“ جي هڪ نالي هيٺ گڏ رهڻ لڳيون ۽ ٻنهي قومن هڪ ٻئي جي تهذيب، ثقافت ۽ ٻوليءَ کي قبول ڪيو. ’ابدالي‘، ’شيراني‘، ’دراني‘ ۽ ’ترين‘ قبيلا خالص افغاني ۽ اسرائيلي ماخذ جا آهن، جڏهن ته ’يوسف زئي‘، ’پاني زئي‘، ’مهمند‘ ’اورڪ زئي‘ وغيره خالص پٺاڻ آهن. ارڙهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ ابدالي قبيلا طاقت ور ٿيا ۽ قنڌار توڙي ٻين علائقن جا حڪمران ٿي ويا ۽ ان ملڪ جو نالو افغانستان رکيائون. ==ستين صدي== ستين صدي عيسويءَ جي خاتمي کان ٿورو اڳ، پٺاڻ (پشتون/پختون يا افغان) پشاور ۽ خيبر لڪ جي علائقي ۾ آيا. هنن ايندي ئي پنجاب جي حڪمرانن کان سنڌو درياهه جي اولهه وارو ميداني علائقو کسي ورتو، بعد ۾ گهکڙ قوم جي مدد سان سنڌو درياهه ۽ جهلم جي وچ واري علائقي تي قابض ٿي ويا. ان کان پوءِ پٺاڻن لاهور جي حاڪمن کي مجبور ڪيو ته سنڌو درياءَ جو الهندي وارو ۽ ڪابل درياهه جو ڏاکڻيون جابلو علائقو به پٺاڻن جي حوالي ڪن. هڪ طبقي جو چوڻ آهي ته پشاور اصل ۾ ’هندڪو‘ ڳالهائيندڙ اصلوڪن ميداني پشورين جو علائقو هو، جنهن ۾ پوءِ جابلو افغاني/ پٺاڻ اچي وسيا (وڌيڪ ڏسو: پشاور). ==ڏهين صدي== ڏهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ پشاور وارو علائقو وري افغانستان جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو. جڏهن سبڪتگين لاهور جي راجا جئپال کي شڪست ڏني. ان کان پوءِ سلطان محمود غزنويءَ يارهين صدي عيسويءَ جي اوائل ۾ هندستان تي حملن دوران پشاور کي مستقل طرح ڇانوڻي بنائي ڇڏيو. سلطان محمود کان سؤ سالن تائين پشاور کي ”غزنه“ جو پرڳڻو شمار ڪيو ويندو هو. آخر ۾ پندرهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ غورين جي هٿان غزنوي حڪومت جو خاتمو ٿيو ۽ 1505ع تائين هتي مختلف حڪمرانن جي حڪومت هلندي رهي. سال 1526ع ۾ بابر، خيبر لڪ کان حملي آور ٿيو. هو پنهنجي حڪومت جي شروعاتي دور ۾ افغانن (پٺاڻن) ڏانهن متوجهه ٿيو ۽ هن باجوڙ ۽ سوات کي فتح ڪيو. ==همايوني دور== همايون جي زماني ۾ هتي خليل، مهمند ۽ دائودزئي قبيلن جي خانه جنگي ٿيندي رهي. انهيءَ ڪري اڪبر بادشاهه فسادن کي روڪڻ لاءِ گهڻن هنڌن تي فوجي قلعا ٺهرائي، وڙهندڙ قبيلن ۾ ٺاپر آندي. ليڪن هن علائقي تي قبضي جو اصل مقصد هو ڪابل ڏانهن ويندڙ رستي جي حفاظت. ان زماني ۾ يوسف زئي ۽ خٽڪ قبيلن ۾ اختلاف هئڻ سبب هي علائقو ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ويو. هنن پنهنجو پاڻ کي اصلي حاڪم چوَرايو، پر دهليءَ جي حڪومت سان به نالي ماتر تعلق رکندا آيا. اها حالت جهانگير ۽ شاهه جهان جي عهد تائين قائم رهي. ==سنڌ تي قبضو== 1668ع ۾ پٺاڻن گهڻي تعداد ۾ گڏجي سنڌو درياهه جي حدن مان ڇڇ واري علائقي تي قبضو ڪري، دهليءَ ۽ ڪابل جو رستو بند ڪري ڇڏيو. اهڙيءَ طرح گهڻي وقت تائين پشاور جي سٺي ميداني علائقي تي قبضو ڄمائي ويٺا رهيا. انهيءَ عرصي ۾ اورنگزيب خود لشڪر وٺي آيو ته جيئن انهن قبيلن تي ٻيهر پنهنجو تسلط قائم رکي سگهي. اها جدوجهد ٻه سال (75-1673ع) جاري رهي. انهن جنگين ۾ پشتو زبان جي نامور شاعر [[خوشحال خان خٽڪ]] وڏو حصو ورتو هو. هو اورنگ زيب جو سخت مخالف هو، ۽ سندس ڪيتري شاعري اورنگزيب ۽ مغلن خلاف آهي. هن وصيت ڪئي هئي ته کيس مرڻ پڄاڻان اهڙي هنڌ دفن ڪيو وڃي، جتي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو به نه پوي. چون ٿا ته جيستائين مغلن جو اثر هو، خوشحال خان جي قبر جي نوجوان پهاڙن جي چوٽين تان بيهي حفاظت ڪندا هئا ۽ ڪڏهن به ان تي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو پوڻ نه ڏنائون. ==اورنگزيب== اورنگزيب جي پونئرن بعد ۾ پشاور تي پنهنجو قبضو قائم رکيو، پر مغلن جي زوال سبب 1740ع ۾ پشاور نادر شاهه جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو، جنهن ڪري مغلن سنڌو درياهه جو اولهندو ڪنارو سڄي جو سڄو نادر شاهه جي حوالي ڪري ڇڏيو. انهيءَ وچ ۾ نادر شاهه جي خراسان ۾ مصروفيت سبب يوسف زئي، خٽڪ ۽ ڪوهستاني قبيلا بلڪل آزاد ۽ خودمختيار رهيا، البته خليل، مهمند، دائود زئي ۽ محمد زئي قبيلن کان زبردستي خراج ورتو ويندو هو. نادر شاهه جي وفات کان پوءِ سدوزئي دُرانين، احمد شاهه ابداليءَ جي اثر هيٺ قنڌار ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت قائم ڪري ورتي، جنهن جي دور ۾ پشاور جي علائقي ۾ به سندن قبضو قائم رهيو. 1793ع ۾ سدوزئي قبيلي جي آخري دعويدار شاهه شجاع پشاور ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت جو اعلان ڪيو. آخرڪار وڏن انقلابن کان پوءِ شاهه شجاع 1815ع ۾ دستبردار ٿي. انگريزن جي حفاظت ۾ لڌياني ۾ رهائش اختيار ڪئي ۽ اهو سمورو علائقو سکن جي قبضي ۾ هليو ويو. پشاور جي علائقي مان سکن جي حڪمراني تڏهن ختم ٿي، جڏهن 1849ع ۾ سکن کي آخري شڪست ملي ۽ پشاور جي وادي انگريزن جي مملڪت ۾ شامل ٿي وئي. ميجر لارنس کي پشاور جو ڊپٽي ڪمشنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ ان کي پنجاب گورنمينٽ جو هڪ انتظامي ضلعو قرار ڏنو ويو. ==قبيلا== پٺاڻ قوم نسل جي لحاظ کان وڏن وڏن قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي، جن جو ڪو گڏيل وجود نه آهي. قبيلي جو هر حصو جيڪو ڀلي ڪيترو وڏو يا ننڍو هجي، پنهنجو سربراهه رکندو آهي، جنهن کي خاص پٺاڻ لقب ”مَلڪ“ مليل هوندو آهي، ڪجهه قبيلن ۾ ’خيل‘ يا ’سردار خانه‘ به چوندا آهن. جڏهن ته مڪمل ۽ آخري فيصلي وارا اختيار ”جرڳي“ وٽ هوندا آهن. هر قبيلي جا وري ننڍا ننڍا قبيلا ئي فرقا هوندا آهن. اهي ننڍا قبيلا يا فرقا هڪ انداز ۾ ’زئي‘ يا ’خيل‘ جي اضافي سان مشترڪ مورث اعليٰ جي نالي سان منسوب هوندا آهن. ’زئي‘ پشتو ٻوليءَ جي لفظ ’زوء‘ يعني ”پٽ“ جي بگڙيل صورت آهي، جڏهن ته ’خيل‘ عربي ٻوليءَ جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معنيٰ ’ جماعت‘ يا ’تنظيم‘ آهي، جيئن ’ڪاڪا خيل‘ يا ’يوسفزئيءَ‘ وغيره. سنڌ ۾ پٺاڻن جي آمد: سنڌ ۾ ڪن هنڌن تي پٺاڻن جون قديم بستيون آهن. پنهنجي مکيه قوم ۽ ٻوليءَ کان ڪٽجي وڃڻ سبب، ڪيترن کي ته ياد ئي نه رهيو آهي ته انهن جو ڪو تعلق پٺاڻ قوم سان آهي. سنڌ ۾ رهندڙ انڊڻ، کجڪ، نحر ۽ ڪاڪڙ قبيلا، اصل ۾ پٺاڻ آهن. پر گهڻي وقت کان سنڌ ۾ رهڻ ۽ [[سنڌي ٻولي]]، تهذيب ۽ ثقافت اختيار ڪرڻ ڪري، هو پٺاڻ قوم جي پشتو ٻولي به نٿا ڳالهائين. خود ”پٺاڻ“ نالي سان به ڪيترائي قبيلا هتي رهائش پذير آهن، جيڪي ڪجهه سرائڪي ۽ ڪي سنڌي ٻولي ڳالهائين ٿا ۽ پاڻ کي سنڌي پٺاڻ سڏائين ٿا. ==موجود سنڌ ۾== اوائل ۾ پٺاڻ قوم جي سنڌ اچڻ جو واحد ذريعو سنڌو درياهه ئي هو، جنهن ذريعي هن قوم جا ماڻهو ٻيڙين ۾ چڙهي سنڌ پهتا ۽ اتي اچي مقامي ماڻهن جا هنر ۽ ڌنڌا اختيار ڪيائون. ڪي ماڻهو هتي اچي واپار جي ڪم ۾ لڳي ويا ته ڪن اچي ٻيڙيون ۽ بتيلا ٺاهڻ شروع ڪيا ته ڪن لوهارڪو ڌنڌو اختيار ڪيو. هن قوم جي ماڻهن جو سنڌ ۾ اچڻ جو ٻيو وڏو سبب جنگيون ۽ حملا پڻ هئا. عربن جي دؤر کان پوءِ مختلف حملن ۽ جنگين ۾ ارغون ۽ ترخان حڪمرانيءَ دوران پڻ پٺاڻ سنڌ ۾ آباد ٿيا ۽ انهن مڪاني هنرن ۽ فنن سميت پنهنجا هنر به ڪم آندا. خاص طور تي نيزا، ڀالا ۽ تراريون ٺاهڻ وغيره. اڄ به لاڙڪاڻي طرف جا پٺاڻ لوهارڪو ڌنڌو ڪندا آهن. ننڍي کنڊ جي ورهاڱي کان پوءِ مسلم اڪثريتي علائقن کي پاڪستان ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، تن ۾ صوبو سرحد ۽ اتريان آزاد قبائلي علائقا پٺاڻن جي آباديءَ تي مشتمل هئا. اهڙيءَ طرح صوبي بلوچستان ۾ به بلوچن ۽ سنڌين کان پوءِ پٺاڻن جي گهڻي آبادي آهي. جڏهن ته سنڌ ۽ پنجاب ۾ به ڪيترائي پٺاڻ قبيلا رهائش پذير آهن. سنڌ ۾ خاص طور تي حيدرآباد ۽ ڪراچيءَ ۾ وڏي تعداد ۾ پٺاڻ آباد آهن، جيڪي مختلف ڪم ڪار ۽ هنر ڄاڻن ٿا. ڪراچيءَ ۾ خاص طور تي موٽر ورڪشاپن ۽ ٽرانسپورٽ ۾ اڪثريت پٺاڻن جي آهي. افغانستان ۾ روسي مداخلت ۽ بعد ۾ خانه جنگيءَ جي صورتحال ۽ پيدا ٿيل معاشي بدحاليءَ بعد افغاني ڀڳوڙن جو هڪ وڏو تعداد سڄي پاڪستان جي مختلف حصن ۽ خاص ڪري سنڌ ۾، سو به ڪراچيءَ ۾ ڪاروبار ۽ ٻيا ڌنڌا ڪري رهيا آهن. ڪابل، قنڌار ۽ مزار شريف تي طالبان جي قبضي ۽ شمالي اتحاد جي شڪست ۽ بعد ۾ عالمي برادريءَ ۽ گڏيل قومن طرفان لڳندڙ معاشي ۽ اقتصادي پابندين جي ڪري، روز بروز ڪيترائي افغاني پٺـاڻ سنڌ ڏانهن به اچي رهيا آهن ۽ سنڌ جا ماڻهو هر وقت سندن آمد تي احتجاج ڪندا رهيا آهن. ان حد تائين جو اسيمبلي فلور تي به افغان پناهگيرن جي آمد خلاف ڪيترا ڀيرا آواز اٿاريو ويو آهي.<ref>ڪتاب: [[انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا]]، جلد ٽيون، ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو|سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي]] (ISBN: 978-969-9098-40-6) سال: 2011 </ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:افغان لوڪ]] [[زمرو:پٺاڻ ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:افغانستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] hlpwp339kenrseg222vpycq5zdkne56 377473 377469 2026-05-14T15:41:50Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 377473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = پشتون<br>Pashtun | image = |poptime = {{circa}} '''50&nbsp;ملین ''' (2011)<ref>Ethnologue</ref> |regions = |region1 = {{flagcountry|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 29,342,892 (2012) |ref1 = |region2 = {{flagcountry|Afghanistan}} |pop2 = 12,776,369 (2012) |ref2 = |region3 = {{flagcountry|India}} |pop3 = Over 6,000 families |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>''The History, Antiquities, Topography, and Statistics of Eastern India: In Relation to Their Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Fine Arts, Population, Religion, Education, Statistics, Etc.، by Robert Montgomery Martin, Cambridge University Press.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&source=gbs_navlinks_s]، pg. 145. ''"Of the Pathans, there are above 6,000 families, chiefly settled in [[نوادہ]]، [[شیخ پورہ]]، and [[پٹنہ]]۔"'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=S5sAdQq8b9wC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA145#v=onepage&q&f=false Link here]</ref>}} |region4 = {{flag|UAE}} |pop4 = 338,315 (2009) |ref4 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashto in UAE">{{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat207.pdf|title=United Arab Emirates: Demography|publisher=[[انسائیکلوپیڈیا بریطانیکا]] Online|work=Encyclopædia Britannica World Data|accessdate=15 مارچ 2008}}</ref>}} |region5 = {{flagcountry|United States}} |pop5 = 138,554 (2010) |ref5 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in USA">42% of [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2001/09/20/kabul.htm 200,000] [[Afghan American|Afghan-Americans]] = 84,000 and 15% of [http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table 363,699] [[Pakistani American|Pakistani-Americans]] = 54,554. Total Afghan and Pakistani Pashtuns in USA = 138,554.</ref>}} |region6 = {{flag|Iran}} |pop6 = 110,000 (1993) |ref6 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pbt|title=Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (1993)|publisher=[[ایتھنولوک]]: Languages of the World|work=[[SIL International]]|accessdate=5 مئی 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221812/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/pbt|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} |pop7 = 100,000 (2009) |ref7 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL861250|title=Support for Taliban dives among British Pashtuns|first=William|last=Maclean|publisher=Reuters|date=10 جون 2009|accessdate=6 اگست 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221815/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL861250|archivedate=2019-01-06|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region8 = {{flagcountry|Germany}} |pop8 = 37,800 (2012) |ref8 = {{lower|<ref name=BMZ>[http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html Relations between Afghanistan and Germany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.bmz.de/en/what_we_do/countries_regions/asien/afghanistan/index.html |date=2017-01-16 }}: Germany is now home to almost 90,000 people of Afghan origin. 42% of 90,000 = 37,800</ref>}} |pop9 = 26,000 (2006) |region9 = {{flagcountry|Canada}} |ref9 = {{lower|<ref name="Canada-census">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |title=Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada |publisher=2.statcan.ca |year=2006 |accessdate=17 اپریل 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221808/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=2&Data=Count&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} |region10 = {{flagcountry|Russia}} |pop10 = 9,800 (2002) |ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|title=Perepis.ru|work=perepis2002.ru|language=ru|access-date=2020-10-11|archive-date=2017-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116110211/http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/TOM_04_P1.doc|dead-url=yes}}</ref>}} |region11 = {{flagcountry|Australia}} |pop11 = 8,154 (2006) |ref11 = {{lower|<ref name="Pashtuns in Australia">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?breadcrumb=POLTD&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&subaction=-1&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&documentproductno=0&textversion=false&documenttype=Details&collection=Census&javascript=true&topic=Ancestry&action=404&productlabel=Ancestry%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&order=1&period=2006&tabname=Details&areacode=0&navmapdisplayed=true& |title=20680-Ancestry (full classification list) by Sex – Australia |format=Microsoft Excel download |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |work=2006 Census |accessdate=2 جون 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106221802/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/cowsredirect |archivedate=2019-01-06 |url-status=live}} Total responses: 25,451,383 for total count of persons: 19,855,288.</ref>}} |region12 = {{flagcountry|Malaysia}} |pop12 = 5,500 (2008) |ref12 = |region13 = {{flag|Tajikistan}} |pop13 = 4,000 (1970) |ref13 = {{lower|<ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto" />}} |langs = [[پشتو]]<br />{{smaller|''[[اردو]]، [[سرائيڪي]]''}} |rels = [[اسلام]]}} '''پشتون''' هڪ ايراني نسلي گروهه آهي ۽ بنيادي طور تي ڏکڻ ۽ اوڀر [[افغانستان]] ۽ اتر اولهه [[پاڪستان]] ۾ رهي ٿو. انهن کي تاريخي طور تي '''افغان''' سڏيو ويندو هو، جيتوڻيڪ سال <small>1923ع</small> جي افغانستان جي آئين ۾، هڪ افغان قومي سڃاڻپ پيدا ڪرڻ لاءِ، قطع نظر انهن جي نسلي گروهه جي، بادشاهت جي سڀني شهرين لاءِ، لفظ "افغان" جو قومي پهچان طور استعمال شروع ڪيو ويو. هي قوم ساٺيڪو قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي. سندن آبادي پنج ڪروڙ کان وڌيڪ آهي، جنهن مان اڌ آبادي افغانستان ۽ اڌ پاڪستان ۾ رهائش پذير آهي. پٺاڻن جي مُک قبيلن ۾ خٽڪ، ترين، وزير، بنگلزئي، دُراني، اچڪزئي، شيراني، غلزئي، بنگش، برانگ، اورڪزئي، محمدزئي، پوپلزئي، ڪاڪڙ، شيراني، آفريدي، محسود، يوسفزئي ۽ مهمند شامل آهن. اهي قبيلا وري سوين پاڙن ۾ به تقسيم ٿيل آهن. ==اصليت== پٺاڻ ۽ افغان قوم بابت متضاد نظريا آهن. چيو وڃي ٿو ته اصل افغان، يهودي نسل مان آهن. پٺاڻن جا ڪيترائي قبيلا پنهنجو نسبي سلسلو اسرائيل جي پهرئين بادشاهه ’طالوت‘ جي پوٽي ’افغانه‘ سان ڳنڍيندا آهن. اهو به چيو وڃي ٿو ته ’افغان‘ ۽ ’پٺاڻ‘ ٻئي ڌار ڌار قومون آهن. افغان، هندستان جي ٻين قبيلن سان ميل جول کان پوءِ به پاڻ کي حقيقي افغان تسليم ڪندا آهن. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي پاڻ کي احمد شاهه دُرانيءَ جي عروج کان پوءِ دُراني سڏائيندا آيا آهن ۽ غير دراني پشتو ڳالهائڻ وارن کي”اوپرن“ ۾ شمار ڪندا آهن. افغانن ۽ اڪثر پٺاڻن جي ٻولي ”پشتو“ يا ”پختو“ آهي ۽ اهي پاڻ کي ”پختون“ يا ”پشتون“ به چوائين ٿا. اهو لفظ پوءِ بدلجي ”پٺـاڻ“ ٿي ويو آهي. عيسوي صديءَ جي اوائل ۾ هن قوم جا ماڻهو ڪوهه سفيد ۽ اترئين ڪوهه سليمان تي آباد هئا. اهي پوءِ سنڌو درياهه جي کاٻي ڪپ کان وٺي درياهه سوات تائين ۽ جلال آباد (افغانستان) کان وٺي پشين ۽ ڪوئيٽا تائين آهستي آهستي پکڙجندا رهيا ۽ اتي جي افغان ۽ غلزئي قبيلن جي ٻوليءَ ۽ روايتن کي پنهنجو ڪيائون. اهڙيءَ طرح پشتو(پختو) زبان ڳالهائڻ وارا سڀ ماڻهو هڪ نالي ”پٺاڻ“ طور مشهور ٿي ويا. ==حسب نسب== پنهنجي نسب جو سلسلو ”افغانه“ سان ملائڻ وارا پٺاڻ چون ٿا ته بخت نصر (سائرس عظيم) کين سام وٺي ويو ۽ پوءِ کين فارس ۽ ٻين ملڪن ۾ آباد ڪيائين. افغان جي حوالي سان ڪتاب ”پنجاب ڪي ذاتين“ جي مصنف ڊينزل ابسٽن، ايڊورڊ آليور جي ڪتاب ”پٺاڻ ۽ بلوچ“ جو حوالو ڏيندي لکيو آهي ته بن يامين بن يعقوب جي اولاد مان هڪ پٽ ’قيس‘ يا ”ڪيش“ هو، جنهن کي پنهنجي پيءُ ۽ چاچي طرفان ورثي ۾ صرف چار رڍون مليون. قيس جو هڪ پٽ ’سارل‘ هو، جنهن کي طويل قد جي ڪري ’طالوت‘ چوندا هئا. طالوت، لوي قبيلي جي ٻن عورتن سان شاديون ڪيون. هڪ زال مان کيس هڪ ڌيءَ ڄائي، جنهن جي شادي حضرت دائود عليه السلام سان ٿي، جيڪو پنهنجي ٻارهن ڀائرن ۾ سڀني کان ننڍو هو. دائود، عمالقه قبيلي سان جنگين دوران، وڏا ڪارناما ڏيکاريا ته کيس رياست جو اڳواڻ بنايو ويو. ان بعد دائود ئي طالوت (سارل) جو جانشين بنيو. طالوت جي وفات کان چند ڏينهن پوءِ، سندس ٻنهي زالن کي ٻه پٽ ڄاوا، جن جا نالا ’برقيه‘ ۽ ’ارميه‘ رکيا ويا. دائود ٻنهي ڀائرن تي مهربان رهندو آيو ۽ کين سرداريون ۽ ترقيون پڻ ڏنائين. ٻنهي جون شاديون ڪرايون ويون ۽ کين هڪ هڪ پٽ به ڄائو. برقيه جي پٽ جو نالو آصف ۽ ارميه جي پٽ جو نالو افغانه رکيو ويو. اهو ئي افغانه هو، جنهن کي افغان پنهنجو مورثِ اعليٰ سڏيندا آهن، جيڪو طالوت (سارل) جو پوٽو هو. اهڙيءَ طرح سندس نسب جو سلسلو اڳتي هلندو رهيو، پر هتي اهو ڄاڻڻ ضروري آهي ته اهو سلسله نسب افغانن جو آهي، جڏهن ته پٺاڻ هندستاني ماخذ آهن. ساڳئي ڪتاب ۾ لکيل آهي ته نبي اڪرم صلي الله عليه وسلم جي دؤر ۾ جڏهن افغان قبيلن کي دين جي دعوت ڏني وئي ته ڪيترا سردار مديني طرف روانا ٿيا. انهن قبيلن ۾ سردار قيس جو قبيلو به شامل هو، جيڪو سڀ کان طاقتور هو ۽ ان جو نسبي سلسلو 37 هين نمبر تي سارل (طالوت)، 45 هين نمبر تي حضرت ابراهيم سان مليو ٿي. نبي ڪريم صلي الله عليه وسلم سان ملاقات بعد ايمان آندائون. سندن عبراني نالا هٽائي، عربي نالا رکيا ويا. ==پنجين صدي== ٻئي پاسي پنجين ۽ ڇهين صديءَ جي وچ ڌاري هندوڪش جبل ۽ واديء سنڌ ۾ سٿين (Scythian) قبيلن جي حملن، ٻڌمت جي پيروڪارن گنڌارا جي هڪ وڏي آباديءَ کي هڪالي ڪابل جي اتر ۽ پشاور جي اترين پهاڙين ڏانهن ڀڄائي ڪڍيو. انهن پوءِ هلمند درياهه جي ٻنهي ڪنارن تي پنهنجون آباديون قائم ڪيون ۽ هڪ وڏو شهر آباد ڪيو، جنهن جو نالو ”گنڌار“ رکيائون، جيڪو پوءِ ”قنڌار“ ٿي ويو. اهي ئي ماڻهو ”خاص پٺاڻ“ آهن. جڏهن دنيا تي اسلام جو غلبو ٿيڻ لڳو، تڏهن نبي سڳوري صلي الله عليه وسلم وٽ ايمان آڻيندڙ افغان قبيلا عرب فاتحن سان گڏ ڏکڻ ايشيا ڏانهن وڌڻ لڳا. اهڙيءَ طرح اهي هلمند درياهه جي ڪنارن ۽ قنڌار شهر ۾ آيا ۽ اتي جي رهاڪن خاص پٺاڻن سان ملي جلي ويا. پوءِ اهي ٻئي قومون ”پٺاڻ“ جي هڪ نالي هيٺ گڏ رهڻ لڳيون ۽ ٻنهي قومن هڪ ٻئي جي تهذيب، ثقافت ۽ ٻوليءَ کي قبول ڪيو. ’ابدالي‘، ’شيراني‘، ’دراني‘ ۽ ’ترين‘ قبيلا خالص افغاني ۽ اسرائيلي ماخذ جا آهن، جڏهن ته ’يوسف زئي‘، ’پاني زئي‘، ’مهمند‘ ’اورڪ زئي‘ وغيره خالص پٺاڻ آهن. ارڙهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ ابدالي قبيلا طاقت ور ٿيا ۽ قنڌار توڙي ٻين علائقن جا حڪمران ٿي ويا ۽ ان ملڪ جو نالو افغانستان رکيائون. ==ستين صدي== ستين صدي عيسويءَ جي خاتمي کان ٿورو اڳ، پٺاڻ (پشتون/پختون يا افغان) پشاور ۽ خيبر لڪ جي علائقي ۾ آيا. هنن ايندي ئي پنجاب جي حڪمرانن کان سنڌو درياهه جي اولهه وارو ميداني علائقو کسي ورتو، بعد ۾ گهکڙ قوم جي مدد سان سنڌو درياهه ۽ جهلم جي وچ واري علائقي تي قابض ٿي ويا. ان کان پوءِ پٺاڻن لاهور جي حاڪمن کي مجبور ڪيو ته سنڌو درياءَ جو الهندي وارو ۽ ڪابل درياهه جو ڏاکڻيون جابلو علائقو به پٺاڻن جي حوالي ڪن. هڪ طبقي جو چوڻ آهي ته پشاور اصل ۾ ’هندڪو‘ ڳالهائيندڙ اصلوڪن ميداني پشورين جو علائقو هو، جنهن ۾ پوءِ جابلو افغاني/ پٺاڻ اچي وسيا (وڌيڪ ڏسو: پشاور). ==ڏهين صدي== ڏهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ پشاور وارو علائقو وري افغانستان جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو. جڏهن سبڪتگين لاهور جي راجا جئپال کي شڪست ڏني. ان کان پوءِ سلطان محمود غزنويءَ يارهين صدي عيسويءَ جي اوائل ۾ هندستان تي حملن دوران پشاور کي مستقل طرح ڇانوڻي بنائي ڇڏيو. سلطان محمود کان سؤ سالن تائين پشاور کي ”غزنه“ جو پرڳڻو شمار ڪيو ويندو هو. آخر ۾ پندرهين صدي عيسويءَ ۾ غورين جي هٿان غزنوي حڪومت جو خاتمو ٿيو ۽ 1505ع تائين هتي مختلف حڪمرانن جي حڪومت هلندي رهي. سال 1526ع ۾ بابر، خيبر لڪ کان حملي آور ٿيو. هو پنهنجي حڪومت جي شروعاتي دور ۾ افغانن (پٺاڻن) ڏانهن متوجهه ٿيو ۽ هن باجوڙ ۽ سوات کي فتح ڪيو. ==همايوني دور== همايون جي زماني ۾ هتي خليل، مهمند ۽ دائودزئي قبيلن جي خانه جنگي ٿيندي رهي. انهيءَ ڪري اڪبر بادشاهه فسادن کي روڪڻ لاءِ گهڻن هنڌن تي فوجي قلعا ٺهرائي، وڙهندڙ قبيلن ۾ ٺاپر آندي. ليڪن هن علائقي تي قبضي جو اصل مقصد هو ڪابل ڏانهن ويندڙ رستي جي حفاظت. ان زماني ۾ يوسف زئي ۽ خٽڪ قبيلن ۾ اختلاف هئڻ سبب هي علائقو ٻن حصن ۾ ورهائجي ويو. هنن پنهنجو پاڻ کي اصلي حاڪم چوَرايو، پر دهليءَ جي حڪومت سان به نالي ماتر تعلق رکندا آيا. اها حالت جهانگير ۽ شاهه جهان جي عهد تائين قائم رهي. ==سنڌ تي قبضو== 1668ع ۾ پٺاڻن گهڻي تعداد ۾ گڏجي سنڌو درياهه جي حدن مان ڇڇ واري علائقي تي قبضو ڪري، دهليءَ ۽ ڪابل جو رستو بند ڪري ڇڏيو. اهڙيءَ طرح گهڻي وقت تائين پشاور جي سٺي ميداني علائقي تي قبضو ڄمائي ويٺا رهيا. انهيءَ عرصي ۾ اورنگزيب خود لشڪر وٺي آيو ته جيئن انهن قبيلن تي ٻيهر پنهنجو تسلط قائم رکي سگهي. اها جدوجهد ٻه سال (75-1673ع) جاري رهي. انهن جنگين ۾ پشتو زبان جي نامور شاعر [[خوشحال خان خٽڪ]] وڏو حصو ورتو هو. هو اورنگ زيب جو سخت مخالف هو، ۽ سندس ڪيتري شاعري اورنگزيب ۽ مغلن خلاف آهي. هن وصيت ڪئي هئي ته کيس مرڻ پڄاڻان اهڙي هنڌ دفن ڪيو وڃي، جتي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو به نه پوي. چون ٿا ته جيستائين مغلن جو اثر هو، خوشحال خان جي قبر جي نوجوان پهاڙن جي چوٽين تان بيهي حفاظت ڪندا هئا ۽ ڪڏهن به ان تي ڪنهن مغل جو پاڇو پوڻ نه ڏنائون. ==اورنگزيب== اورنگزيب جي پونئرن بعد ۾ پشاور تي پنهنجو قبضو قائم رکيو، پر مغلن جي زوال سبب 1740ع ۾ پشاور نادر شاهه جي قبضي ۾ اچي ويو، جنهن ڪري مغلن سنڌو درياهه جو اولهندو ڪنارو سڄي جو سڄو نادر شاهه جي حوالي ڪري ڇڏيو. انهيءَ وچ ۾ نادر شاهه جي خراسان ۾ مصروفيت سبب يوسف زئي، خٽڪ ۽ ڪوهستاني قبيلا بلڪل آزاد ۽ خودمختيار رهيا، البته خليل، مهمند، دائود زئي ۽ محمد زئي قبيلن کان زبردستي خراج ورتو ويندو هو. نادر شاهه جي وفات کان پوءِ سدوزئي دُرانين، احمد شاهه ابداليءَ جي اثر هيٺ قنڌار ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت قائم ڪري ورتي، جنهن جي دور ۾ پشاور جي علائقي ۾ به سندن قبضو قائم رهيو. 1793ع ۾ سدوزئي قبيلي جي آخري دعويدار شاهه شجاع پشاور ۾ پنهنجي حڪومت جو اعلان ڪيو. آخرڪار وڏن انقلابن کان پوءِ شاهه شجاع 1815ع ۾ دستبردار ٿي. انگريزن جي حفاظت ۾ لڌياني ۾ رهائش اختيار ڪئي ۽ اهو سمورو علائقو سکن جي قبضي ۾ هليو ويو. پشاور جي علائقي مان سکن جي حڪمراني تڏهن ختم ٿي، جڏهن 1849ع ۾ سکن کي آخري شڪست ملي ۽ پشاور جي وادي انگريزن جي مملڪت ۾ شامل ٿي وئي. ميجر لارنس کي پشاور جو ڊپٽي ڪمشنر مقرر ڪيو ويو، ۽ ان کي پنجاب گورنمينٽ جو هڪ انتظامي ضلعو قرار ڏنو ويو. ==قبيلا== پٺاڻ قوم نسل جي لحاظ کان وڏن وڏن قبيلن ۾ ورهايل آهي، جن جو ڪو گڏيل وجود نه آهي. قبيلي جو هر حصو جيڪو ڀلي ڪيترو وڏو يا ننڍو هجي، پنهنجو سربراهه رکندو آهي، جنهن کي خاص پٺاڻ لقب ”مَلڪ“ مليل هوندو آهي، ڪجهه قبيلن ۾ ’خيل‘ يا ’سردار خانه‘ به چوندا آهن. جڏهن ته مڪمل ۽ آخري فيصلي وارا اختيار ”جرڳي“ وٽ هوندا آهن. هر قبيلي جا وري ننڍا ننڍا قبيلا ئي فرقا هوندا آهن. اهي ننڍا قبيلا يا فرقا هڪ انداز ۾ ’زئي‘ يا ’خيل‘ جي اضافي سان مشترڪ مورث اعليٰ جي نالي سان منسوب هوندا آهن. ’زئي‘ پشتو ٻوليءَ جي لفظ ’زوء‘ يعني ”پٽ“ جي بگڙيل صورت آهي، جڏهن ته ’خيل‘ عربي ٻوليءَ جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معنيٰ ’ جماعت‘ يا ’تنظيم‘ آهي، جيئن ’ڪاڪا خيل‘ يا ’يوسفزئيءَ‘ وغيره. سنڌ ۾ پٺاڻن جي آمد: سنڌ ۾ ڪن هنڌن تي پٺاڻن جون قديم بستيون آهن. پنهنجي مکيه قوم ۽ ٻوليءَ کان ڪٽجي وڃڻ سبب، ڪيترن کي ته ياد ئي نه رهيو آهي ته انهن جو ڪو تعلق پٺاڻ قوم سان آهي. سنڌ ۾ رهندڙ انڊڻ، کجڪ، نحر ۽ ڪاڪڙ قبيلا، اصل ۾ پٺاڻ آهن. پر گهڻي وقت کان سنڌ ۾ رهڻ ۽ [[سنڌي ٻولي]]، تهذيب ۽ ثقافت اختيار ڪرڻ ڪري، هو پٺاڻ قوم جي پشتو ٻولي به نٿا ڳالهائين. خود ”پٺاڻ“ نالي سان به ڪيترائي قبيلا هتي رهائش پذير آهن، جيڪي ڪجهه سرائڪي ۽ ڪي سنڌي ٻولي ڳالهائين ٿا ۽ پاڻ کي سنڌي پٺاڻ سڏائين ٿا. ==موجود سنڌ ۾== اوائل ۾ پٺاڻ قوم جي سنڌ اچڻ جو واحد ذريعو سنڌو درياهه ئي هو، جنهن ذريعي هن قوم جا ماڻهو ٻيڙين ۾ چڙهي سنڌ پهتا ۽ اتي اچي مقامي ماڻهن جا هنر ۽ ڌنڌا اختيار ڪيائون. ڪي ماڻهو هتي اچي واپار جي ڪم ۾ لڳي ويا ته ڪن اچي ٻيڙيون ۽ بتيلا ٺاهڻ شروع ڪيا ته ڪن لوهارڪو ڌنڌو اختيار ڪيو. هن قوم جي ماڻهن جو سنڌ ۾ اچڻ جو ٻيو وڏو سبب جنگيون ۽ حملا پڻ هئا. عربن جي دؤر کان پوءِ مختلف حملن ۽ جنگين ۾ ارغون ۽ ترخان حڪمرانيءَ دوران پڻ پٺاڻ سنڌ ۾ آباد ٿيا ۽ انهن مڪاني هنرن ۽ فنن سميت پنهنجا هنر به ڪم آندا. خاص طور تي نيزا، ڀالا ۽ تراريون ٺاهڻ وغيره. اڄ به لاڙڪاڻي طرف جا پٺاڻ لوهارڪو ڌنڌو ڪندا آهن. ننڍي کنڊ جي ورهاڱي کان پوءِ مسلم اڪثريتي علائقن کي پاڪستان ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو، تن ۾ صوبو سرحد ۽ اتريان آزاد قبائلي علائقا پٺاڻن جي آباديءَ تي مشتمل هئا. اهڙيءَ طرح صوبي بلوچستان ۾ به بلوچن ۽ سنڌين کان پوءِ پٺاڻن جي گهڻي آبادي آهي. جڏهن ته سنڌ ۽ پنجاب ۾ به ڪيترائي پٺاڻ قبيلا رهائش پذير آهن. سنڌ ۾ خاص طور تي حيدرآباد ۽ ڪراچيءَ ۾ وڏي تعداد ۾ پٺاڻ آباد آهن، جيڪي مختلف ڪم ڪار ۽ هنر ڄاڻن ٿا. ڪراچيءَ ۾ خاص طور تي موٽر ورڪشاپن ۽ ٽرانسپورٽ ۾ اڪثريت پٺاڻن جي آهي. افغانستان ۾ روسي مداخلت ۽ بعد ۾ خانه جنگيءَ جي صورتحال ۽ پيدا ٿيل معاشي بدحاليءَ بعد افغاني ڀڳوڙن جو هڪ وڏو تعداد سڄي پاڪستان جي مختلف حصن ۽ خاص ڪري سنڌ ۾، سو به ڪراچيءَ ۾ ڪاروبار ۽ ٻيا ڌنڌا ڪري رهيا آهن. ڪابل، قنڌار ۽ مزار شريف تي طالبان جي قبضي ۽ شمالي اتحاد جي شڪست ۽ بعد ۾ عالمي برادريءَ ۽ گڏيل قومن طرفان لڳندڙ معاشي ۽ اقتصادي پابندين جي ڪري، روز بروز ڪيترائي افغاني پٺـاڻ سنڌ ڏانهن به اچي رهيا آهن ۽ سنڌ جا ماڻهو هر وقت سندن آمد تي احتجاج ڪندا رهيا آهن. ان حد تائين جو اسيمبلي فلور تي به افغان پناهگيرن جي آمد خلاف ڪيترا ڀيرا آواز اٿاريو ويو آهي.<ref>ڪتاب: [[انسائيڪلوپيڊيا سنڌيانا]]، جلد ٽيون، ڇپيندڙ: [[سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو|سنڌي لئنگئيج اٿارٽي]] (ISBN: 978-969-9098-40-6) سال: 2011 </ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:افغان لوڪ]] [[زمرو:پٺاڻ ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:افغانستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 9zqg3i9l9tno7uqtq9iobu7n5gryj73 14 31240 377440 288001 2026-05-14T14:43:36Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377440 wikitext text/x-wiki Notable people with ethnic origins from Punjab. [[زمرو:پنجاب]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] mpkhu37i41ywaqj742toymkggrtdh5f 377487 377440 2026-05-14T16:10:56Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377487 wikitext text/x-wiki Notable people with ethnic origins from Punjab. [[زمرو:پنجاب]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] pg2hh2w6yugklo0p1zgm4nh6ce3f4v2 0 31365 377603 281286 2026-05-15T10:02:11Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 377603 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جي جاگرافي]] [[زمرو:هندوستان]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:سياحت]] 8yhjwnky5f255e2grantz22b81ytn43 377605 377603 2026-05-15T10:05:56Z Ibne maryam 17680 377605 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Contains special characters|Indic}} * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_138.gif Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/070607/GAL-07Jun07-77064/index.html Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga] * [http://www.hydrology.nl/mainnews/1-latest-news/331-the-impacts-of-water-infrastructure-and-climate-change-on-the-hydrology-of-the-upper-ganges-river-basin.html The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin] IWMI research report * [https://www.npr.org/series/9358334/the-ganges-a-journey-into-india ''The Ganges: A Journey into India''] ([[NPR]]) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iF3PVnfvB8&t=52s ''Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source''] 58 min Documentary * [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/earthquake-2500-years-ago-abruptly-changed-ganga-river-course/article68488930.ece?cx_testId=78&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=1&cx_experienceId=EXPO56ZDYSGX&cx_experienceActionId=showRecommendationsTOBNV60LJD3H24#cxrecs_s Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river's course] {{Subject bar|India|d=y|auto=1}} {{Waters of India}} {{Waters of South Asia}} {{Symbols of India}} {{India Rivers}} {{Bangladesh topics}} {{Hinduism footer small}} {{Hydrography of Uttarakhand}} {{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}} {{Rivers in Bihar}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Ganges| ]]<!--eponymous cat. 1st--> [[Category:Ganges basin|.]] [[Category:International rivers of Asia]] [[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]] [[Category:Bangladesh–India border]] [[Category:Border rivers]] [[Category:Sacred rivers]] [[Category:Rivers of Bihar]] [[Category:Rivers of Jharkhand]] [[Category:Rivers of Delhi]] [[Category:Rivers of Uttarakhand]] [[Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Rivers of West Bengal]] [[Category:National symbols of India]] [[Category:Rigvedic rivers]] [[Category:Rivers in Buddhism]] [[Category:Environmental personhood]] [[Category:Braided rivers in India]] [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جي جاگرافي]] [[زمرو:هندوستان]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:سياحت]] 9jw2bzt1oup7k3ygyh6pw0l6dovg0rh 377606 377605 2026-05-15T10:22:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 377606 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Contains special characters|Indic}} * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_138.gif Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/070607/GAL-07Jun07-77064/index.html Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga] * [http://www.hydrology.nl/mainnews/1-latest-news/331-the-impacts-of-water-infrastructure-and-climate-change-on-the-hydrology-of-the-upper-ganges-river-basin.html The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin] IWMI research report * [https://www.npr.org/series/9358334/the-ganges-a-journey-into-india ''The Ganges: A Journey into India''] ([[NPR]]) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iF3PVnfvB8&t=52s ''Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source''] 58 min Documentary * [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/earthquake-2500-years-ago-abruptly-changed-ganga-river-course/article68488930.ece?cx_testId=78&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=1&cx_experienceId=EXPO56ZDYSGX&cx_experienceActionId=showRecommendationsTOBNV60LJD3H24#cxrecs_s Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river's course] {{Subject bar|India|d=y|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Ganges| ]]<!--eponymous cat. 1st--> [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جي جاگرافي]] [[زمرو:هندوستان]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:سياحت]] j25z5gsbhv91ze9b50f48ohfgyflnle 377607 377606 2026-05-15T10:28:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 377607 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Contains special characters|Indic}} * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_138.gif Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/070607/GAL-07Jun07-77064/index.html Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga] * [http://www.hydrology.nl/mainnews/1-latest-news/331-the-impacts-of-water-infrastructure-and-climate-change-on-the-hydrology-of-the-upper-ganges-river-basin.html The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin] IWMI research report * [https://www.npr.org/series/9358334/the-ganges-a-journey-into-india ''The Ganges: A Journey into India''] ([[NPR]]) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iF3PVnfvB8&t=52s ''Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source''] 58 min Documentary * [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/earthquake-2500-years-ago-abruptly-changed-ganga-river-course/article68488930.ece?cx_testId=78&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=1&cx_experienceId=EXPO56ZDYSGX&cx_experienceActionId=showRecommendationsTOBNV60LJD3H24#cxrecs_s Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river's course] {{Subject bar|India|d=y|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Ganges| ]]<!--eponymous cat. 1st--> [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جي جاگرافي]] [[زمرو:گنگا جو نيڪال جو طاس]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو: بهار جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:دهلي جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:رگويدڪ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ چوٽي وارا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] dkffmq0nb7kwdzf9areq61gqtp89jsq 377608 377607 2026-05-15T10:29:08Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:ايشيا جي جاگرافي]]; added [[Category:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377608 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Contains special characters|Indic}} * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_138.gif Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/070607/GAL-07Jun07-77064/index.html Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga] * [http://www.hydrology.nl/mainnews/1-latest-news/331-the-impacts-of-water-infrastructure-and-climate-change-on-the-hydrology-of-the-upper-ganges-river-basin.html The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin] IWMI research report * [https://www.npr.org/series/9358334/the-ganges-a-journey-into-india ''The Ganges: A Journey into India''] ([[NPR]]) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iF3PVnfvB8&t=52s ''Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source''] 58 min Documentary * [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/earthquake-2500-years-ago-abruptly-changed-ganga-river-course/article68488930.ece?cx_testId=78&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=1&cx_experienceId=EXPO56ZDYSGX&cx_experienceActionId=showRecommendationsTOBNV60LJD3H24#cxrecs_s Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river's course] {{Subject bar|India|d=y|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Ganges| ]]<!--eponymous cat. 1st--> [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:گنگا جو نيڪال جو طاس]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو: بهار جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:دهلي جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:رگويدڪ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ چوٽي وارا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] 4snssp836ockwjokabu7cgm3nm83xm6 377609 377608 2026-05-15T10:49:28Z Ibne maryam 17680 377609 wikitext text/x-wiki '''گنگا ندي''' (Ganges or Ganga) هندستان جي ڊگهي ۾ ڊگهي ندي آهي، جيڪا اٽڪل 1570 ميل يا 2530 ڪلوميٽر آهي. ھيءَ ندي اترکنڊ (Uttarakhand) رياست جي هماليا جبلن مان شروع ٿئي ٿي. هيءَ ندي ان هنڌ ڪيلاش پربت جي مانسرور ڍنڍ جي مور منهن (Peacock) مان نڪري ٿي. هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن جو عقيدو آهي ته ڪيلاش پربت تي شِو مهاديو رهي ٿو ۽ گنگا ان جي چتائن (وارن) مان وهي اچي هيٺ پهچي ٿي. هن کي آسمان جي ندي به چئجي ٿو. هن نديءَ جو جِتان جتان به وهڪرو آهي، اتي ڪيترا اشنان گهاٽ آهن، جِتي لکن جي تعداد ۾ هندو ياتري اچي شنان ڪري پنهنجا پاپ ڌوئين ٿا. بنارس يا ورانسي، هردوار ۽ الهه آباد جهڙن شهرن جو مانُ به گنگا ندي جي ڪري آهي، جنهن کي هندو ڌرم جا ماڻهو پوڄا جي حد تائين پيار ڪن ٿا.[[فائل:Pilgrims sitting at the ghats, Har ki Pauri, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Pilgrims sitting at the Asthi Pravaha Ghat, [[Har ki Pauri]], [[Haridwar]]]] [[فائل:Devprayag - Confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda.JPG|thumb|200px|[[Devprayag]], confluence of Alaknanda (right) and Bhagirathi (left) rivers, beginning of the Ganges proper.]] {{Geobox | |name =گنگا ندي |native_name =گنگا <!-- *** Map section *** --> |map = Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins.jpg |map_caption =نارنگي رنگ ۾ گنگا جا ، واڱڻائي رنگ ۾ برھمپترا جا ۽ سائي رنگ ۾ ميگھنا ندي جا گڏيل بيسن <!-- General section *** --> |country = [[انڊيا]]<br/>[[بنگلاديش]] |city = [[رشيڪيش]] |city1 = [[ھري دوار]] |city2 = [[قنوج]] |city3 = [[ڪانپور]] |city4 = [[رائي بريلي]] |city5 = [[فتح پور، بھار|فتح پور]] |city6 = [[الھ آباد]] |city7 = [[ويرانسي]] |city8 = [[بڪسر]] |city9 = [[پٽنا]] |city10 = [[منگر]] |city11 = [[فراڪا بيراج|فراڪا]] |city12 = [[مرشد آباد]] |city13 = [[پلاشي|پلاسي]] |city14 = [[نابادويپ]] |city15 = [[ڪولڪتا]] |city16 = [[پئنداويسوار ]] |city17 = [[ماياپور ]] |length = 2525 |length_note ={{sfn|Jain|Agarwal|Singh|2007}} |watershed = 1080000 |watershed_note ={{sfn|Suvedī|2005}} |discharge_location = [[فراڪا بيراج]] |discharge_average = 16648 |discharge_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge_max = 70000 |discharge_min = 2000 |discharge1_location = [[بينگال جو سمنڊ]] |discharge1_average = 38129 |discharge1_note ={{sfn|Kumar|Singh|Sharma|2005}} |discharge1_average_imperial = <!-- *** Source *** --> |source_name = [[Gangotri Glacier]], [[Satopanth Glacier]], Khatling Glacier, and waters from melted snow from such peaks as [[Nanda Devi]], [[Trisul]], [[Kedarnath (mountain)|Kedarnath]], [[Nanda Kot]], and [[Kamet]]. |source_location = [[Uttarakhand]] |source_country = India |source_country1 = |source_elevation = 3892 |source_elevation_imperial = 12769 |source_coordinates = {{coord|30|59|N|78|55|E|display=inline}} |delta_name = Ganges Delta |delta_location = Bay of Bengal |delta_country1 = India |delta_elevation = 0 |delta_elevation_imperial = 0 |delta_coordinates = {{coord|22|05|N|90|50|E|display=inline}} <!-- *** Tributaries *** --> |tributary_source1=[[Alaknanda]] |tributary_source2=[[Dhauliganga River|Dhauliganga]], |tributary_source3= [[Nandakini]], |tributary_source4=[[Pindar River|Pindar]], |tributary_source5= [[Mandakini River|Mandakini]], |tributary_source6=[[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] |tributary_left = Ramganga |tributary_left1 = [[Gomti River|Gomti]] |tributary_left2 = [[Ghaghara River|Karnali]] |tributary_left3 = [[Gandak River|Gandaki]] |tributary_left4 = [[Koshi River|Koshi]] |tributary_left5 = [[Mahananda River|Mahananda]] |tributary_right = [[Yamuna]] |tributary_right1 = [[Tamsa River|Tamsa]] |tributary_right2 = [[Son River|Son]] |tributary_right3 = [[Punpun River|Punpun]] |tributary_right6 = [[Tons River|Tons]]Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal. |tributary_right9 = [[Hindon River|Hindon]] |tributary_right11 = Kunta |tributary_right12 = Gir{{disambiguation needed|date=March 2014}} |tributary_right13 = Rishiganga |tributary_right14 = Hanuman Ganga |tributary_right15 = [[Sasur Khaderi]] <!-- *** Image *** ---> |image = Varanasiganga.jpg |image_size = 300 |image_caption = The Ganges in [[Varanasi]] |depth=17}} {{coord|25.30|83.01|display=title}}} گنگا انڊيا جي اترئين رياست اترکنڊ کان شروع ٿئي ٿي. گنگا ندي ٻن ندين الڪ نندا (Alaknanda) ۽ ڀاڳیراٿي (Bhagirathi) ندين جي ميلاپ جو نتيجو آهي. اهي نديون جتي ملن ٿيون ان هنڌ جو نالو ديو پرياگ (Devprayag) آهي. "پرياگ" سنسڪرت جو لفظ آهي، جنهن جي معني ميلاپ آهي. ان ڪري انڊيا جي حڪومت الهه آباد شهر جو نئون نالو پرياگ راج (Prayag Raj) رکيو آهي، جِتي جمنا (Yamuna) ۽ گنگا (Ganga) ندين جو ميلاپ ٿئي ٿو. هماليا جبلن جي ڪجهه چوٽين، جهڙوڪ نندا ديوي، ترشول ۽ ڪميت وغيرهه تان جيڪا برف ڳري ٿي ته اها الڪ نندا ندي ٺاهي ٿي ۽ گائومُک وٽان جيڪا برف گنگوتري گليشئر ٺاهي ٿي، اهو گليشئر وٽڙي ڀاڳیراٿي ندي ٺاهي ٿو. گائومک جبل جي چوٽي 13 هزار فٽن جي مٿاهئين تي آهي. ائين جبلن تي وسيل برف پاڻي ٿي ٻن ندين ذريعي ديو پرياگ شهر وٽ گڏ ٿي گنگا نالي هڪ اڪيلي ندي ٿي پنهنجو سفر شروع ڪري ٿي. ديو پرياگ به ڪافي اتاهين يا مٿاهئين تي آهي جِتان گنگا ندي رفتارَ سان مختلف جبلن تان ڍرڪندي 250 ڪلوميٽرن (160 ميلن) جو سفر طي ڪري رشي ڪيش وٽ آخري جبلن ۽ اتاهين تان نڪري ميداني پٽن تي لهي ٿي. ان هنڌ تي هردوار شهر آهي، جيڪو پڻ هندو ڌرم جي ماڻهن لاءِ وڏي اهميت رکي ٿو. هردوار کانپوءِ هن نديءَ تي ڊئم ٺاهي، سندس ڪجهه پاڻيءَ کي ڪئنالن ذريعي اتر پرديش جي زمينن کي آباد ڪرڻ لاءِ ڇڏيو وڃي ٿو. هردوار، رشي ڪيش ۽ ديو پرياگ شهر رياست اترکنڊ ۾ آهن، هيءَ رياست اتر ۾ [[چين]] سان مليل آهي. ٽئي شهر ڏسڻ وٽان آهن. اتاهين تي هجڻ ڪري ديو پرياگ ۽ رشي ڪيش ۾ اونهاري ۾ به ٿڌڪار رهي ٿي. ٻنهي شهرن ۾ ساوڪ ۽ قدرتي خوبصورتيءَ کان کان سواءِ ڪيترائي مندر ۽ گهاٽ پڻ آهن. هِتي انگريزن جي ڏينهن يعني 1939ع جي هڪ 450 فٽ ڊگهي سسپينشن برج پڻ آهي، جيڪا لڇمڻ جو پينگهو (لڇمڻ جو جھولو) پڻ سڏجي ٿي. هردوار کانپوءِ گنگا ندي 800 ڪلوميٽرن يا 500 ميلن جي فاصلي کان پوءِ هندستان جي اهم شهر الهه آباد يا پرياگ راج ۾ پهچي ٿي، جِتي هن نديءَ تي "کمڀ ميلو" به لڳي ٿو. هِتي انڊيا جي ٻي اهم ندي جمنا جيڪا هاڻ يمنا سڏجي ٿي، گنگا سان ملي ٿي ۽ گنگا جو پاڻي ٻيڻو ٿيو وڃي. الهه آباد پهچڻ کان اڳ گنگا ندي ڪجهه اهم شهرن فرخ آباد، قنوج ۽ ڪانپور وٽان به لنگهي ٿي. رستي تي ٻيون به ڪجهه ننڍيون ننڍيون نديون رام گنگا جهڙيون ملن ٿيون. <big>الهه آباد کان پوءِ گنگا ندي اوڀر جو رخ ڪري ٿي ۽ رستي تي '''تمسا ندي''' (Tamsa River) جيڪا '''ٽنس''' به سڏجي ٿي، '''گومٽي ندي'''، '''گهاگهرا ندي'''، '''سون ندي'''، '''گُندڪي ندي'''، '''ڪوسي ندي''' وغيره گنگا سان ملن ٿيون، تان جو اها مغربي بنگال جي شهر '''مالدا''' (Malda) ۾ اچيو پهچي. الهه آباد (Allahabad) ۽ مالدا جي وچ ۾ هيءَ ندي ڪيترن ئي مشهور شهرن مان گذري ٿي، جهڙوڪ: '''چنار'''، '''مرزاپور'''، '''ورانسي''' (بنارس/ڪاشي)، '''غازي پور''' (Ghazipur)، '''پٽنا''' (Patna)، '''ڀاڳل پور''' (Bhagalpur)، '''سلطان گنج''' ۽ '''سعيد پور''' وغيره. '''پڪور شاهر''' وٽ گنگا مان هڪ برانچ نڪري '''هُگلي ندي''' ٿئي ٿي. باقي گنگا نديءَ جو حصو بنگلاديش جو بارڊر ٽپي '''پدما ندي''' نالو اختيار ڪري ٿو. پدما سان اڳتي '''برهمپترا''' ۽ پوءِ ميگهنا نديون ملن ٿيون، جيڪي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪن ۽ هوڏانهن هُگلي ندي به مرشد آباد، نابادوپ، '''ڪولڪتا''' ( Kolkata or Calcutta) ۽ هائوڙا شهرن مان ٿيندي انڊيا واري پاسي خليج بنگال ۾ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري ۽ چٽگانگ ۽ چالنا وٽ خليج بنگال واري سمنڊ ۾ جتي سندربنس جا گهاٽا ٻيلا آهن ڻ وڃيو ڇوڙ ڪري.</big> <big>گنگا ندي جڏهن [[بنگلاديش]] (Bangladesh) جو بارڊر ٽپي ٿي ته ٻئي پاسي اها پدما (Padma) ٿيو وڃي ان هنڌ کان اڳ انڊيا جي حڪومت ان تي فرقا بئراج (Farakka Barrage) ٺـاهي اهي اها بئراج بنگلاديش جي وجود ۾ اچڻ کان پوءِ 1975ع ۾ کولي وئي هئي. دنيا ۾ شايد ئي ٻي ڪا اهڙي ندي ناهي، جنهن جي ڀرپاسي ايترا ماڻهو رهندا هجن. هن نديءَ جي ڪناري اٽڪل 400 ملين ماڻهو رهن ٿا ۽ انهن جي گپاگيهه (Density) ڏٺي وڃي ته هڪ چورس ميل تي 1000 ماڻهو ٿين ٿا يا کڻي چئجي ته هڪ چورس ڪلوميٽر تي 400 ماڻهو ٿيا. گنگا جي ڪناري تي رهندڙ لکين ماڻهن لاءِ هيءَ ندي جياپي جي تند (Life Line) آهي. جيڪا هنن جون روزآني جون گهُرجون، پيئڻ ۽ وهنجڻ کان رڌ پچاءَ ۽ ڪپڙا ڌوئڻ کان وٺي معاشي ضرورتن تائين پوريون ڪري ٿي.</big> <ref>{{Citation |title=بنارس کان برمودا (الطاف شيخ) {{!}} سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |accessdate=2016-09-08 |archive-date=2017-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912094424/http://books.sindhsalamat.com/book.php?book_id=296 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> <ref>ڪتاب: بنارس کان برمودا، الطاف شيخ</ref> <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges Ganges - Wikipedia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Contains special characters|Indic}} * [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V12_138.gif Ganga in the Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909] * [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/gallery/070607/GAL-07Jun07-77064/index.html Melting Glaciers Threaten Ganga] * [http://www.hydrology.nl/mainnews/1-latest-news/331-the-impacts-of-water-infrastructure-and-climate-change-on-the-hydrology-of-the-upper-ganges-river-basin.html The impacts of water infrastructure and climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Ganga River Basin] IWMI research report * [https://www.npr.org/series/9358334/the-ganges-a-journey-into-india ''The Ganges: A Journey into India''] ([[NPR]]) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iF3PVnfvB8&t=52s ''Ganga Ma: A Pilgrimage to the Source''] 58 min Documentary * [https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/earthquake-2500-years-ago-abruptly-changed-ganga-river-course/article68488930.ece?cx_testId=78&cx_testVariant=cx_1&cx_artPos=1&cx_experienceId=EXPO56ZDYSGX&cx_experienceActionId=showRecommendationsTOBNV60LJD3H24#cxrecs_s Earthquake 2,500 years ago abruptly changed Ganga river's course] {{Subject bar|India|d=y|auto=1}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Ganges| ]]<!--eponymous cat. 1st--> [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:گنگا جو نيڪال جو طاس]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:دهلي جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال جا درياءَ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:رگويدڪ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ چوٽي وارا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] 381gbgk54vhcbe91hid0165r0rmnerm 10 31872 377571 173905 2026-05-14T22:23:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Distinguish|distinguish}}<noinclude><!-- انهن سٽن کي الڳ ڪرڻ سان {{Documentation}} سانچو /doc صفحن ۾ Distinguish استعمال ٿيڻ وقت سائي شيڊنگ ختم ڪري ڇڏيندو. --> {{Documentation}} <!-- زمرا /doc ذيلي صفحي ۾ شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو، هتي نه! --> </noinclude> ohk5urxlunt0yct8t2temoeq0kz37nw 828 31874 377572 269502 2026-05-14T22:24:56Z Intisar Ali 8681 377572 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments -- ضرورت پوڻ تي دير سان لوڊ ٿيندو local mTableTools -- ضرورت پوڻ تي دير سان لوڊ ٿيندو local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} function p.distinguish(frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) local selfref = args.selfref local text = args.text args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) return p._distinguish(args, text, selfref) end function p._distinguish(args, text, selfref) checkType("_distinguish", 1, args, 'table') if #args == 0 and not text then return '' end local text = string.format( '%s سان گڏي نه سمجهيو وڃي.', text or mHatlist.orList(args, true) ) local hnOptions = {selfref = selfref} return mHatnote._hatnote(text, hnOptions) end return p 4rvwvpdm769t8n1v3w8nkuavwe81a4p 14 36840 377447 92384 2026-05-14T14:55:57Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Category:Gujarati people}} '''Gujarati people - People of the Gujarati ethnic group, mainly from the state of Gujarat in India, and parts of Pakistan or having ancestors originating from the region.''' [[زمرو:گجراتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻهو بلحاظ نسليت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت) جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو بلحاظ نسلي يا قومي الاصل]] tdgy64xc2wj66a7dcxzguoynfj5x2tj 377448 377447 2026-05-14T14:58:42Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Category:Gujarati people}} '''Gujarati people - People of the Gujarati ethnic group, mainly from the state of Gujarat in India, and parts of Pakistan or having ancestors originating from the region.''' [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت)]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت) جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو بلحاظ نسلي يا قومي الاصل]] g6zlcsirjtlz6t1tfc99s2ik6d42upt 377450 377448 2026-05-14T15:04:06Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|زمرو:گجراتي ماڻهو}} '''گجراتي ماڻهو''' - گجراتي نسلي گروهه جا ماڻهو خاص طور تي [[ڀارت]] جي رياست [[گجرات]] ۽ [[پاڪستان]] جي ڪجهه حصن مان آهن يا جن جا ابا ڏاڏا هن علائقي مان نڪتل آهن. [[زمرو:گجرات]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت) جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو بلحاظ نسلي يا قومي الاصل]] qnllnjj6l3ykm60dvqxz9rtw8g7qv2z 377452 377450 2026-05-14T15:07:56Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|زمرو:گجراتي ماڻهو}} '''گجراتي ماڻهو''' - گجراتي نسلي گروهه جا ماڻهو خاص طور تي [[ڀارت]] جي رياست [[گجرات]] ۽ [[پاڪستان]] جي ڪجهه حصن مان آهن يا جن جا ابا ڏاڏا هن علائقي مان نڪتل آهن. [[زمرو:گجرات رياست]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت) جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو بلحاظ نسلي يا قومي الاصل]] h1lgc70kyzhz1s7s3wosb29acyturyv 377455 377452 2026-05-14T15:10:56Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|زمرو:گجراتي ماڻهو}} '''گجراتي ماڻهو''' - گجراتي نسلي گروهه جا ماڻهو خاص طور تي [[ڀارت]] جي رياست [[گجرات]] ۽ [[پاڪستان]] جي ڪجهه حصن مان آهن يا جن جا ابا ڏاڏا هن علائقي مان نڪتل آهن. [[زمرو:گجرات رياست]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت) جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو بلحاظ نسلي يا قومي الاصل]] 0ajdeary5oxp8o4v35g18erc4emrxa4 828 38204 377538 357605 2026-05-14T20:49:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 377538 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ماڊيول:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- هي ماڊيول هيٽ نوٽس ۾ استعمال لاءِ فهرستون تيار ۽ format ڪري ٿو. خاص طور -- -- تي، اهو for-see فهرست لاڳو ڪري ٿو، يعني "For X, see Y" وارا جملا، -- -- جيئن {{about}}، {{redirect}} ۽ انهن جي مختلف صورتن ۾ استعمال ٿيندا آهن. -- -- اضافي طور andList ۽ orList مددگار فنڪشن به شامل آهن، جيڪي انهن -- -- conjunctions سان فهرستن کي format ڪن ٿا. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mArguments -- سست طريقي سان شروعات local mFormatLink = require('ماڊيول:Format link') local mHatnote = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- فهرست کي string بڻائڻ وارا مددگار فنڪشن -- -- اهي فنڪشن فهرستن کي string ۾ بدلائڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿين ٿا، عام طور تي -- "For X, see Y" وارن for-see items جي "Y" حصي اندر صفحن جي فهرستن لاءِ. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- فهرست کي string بڻائڻ وارن فنڪشنن ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ڊفالٽ options ٽيبل local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } -- صرف display text ۾ ڳولها ڪري ٿو local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- فهرست کي عام طريقي سان string بڻائي ٿو؛ شايد سڌو استعمال نه ٿيڻ گهرجي local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks، defaults، ۽ shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- جيڪڏهن درخواست ڪئي وڃي ته فهرست کي format ڪريو if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- separator مقرر ڪريو؛ جيڪڏهن ڪو item ان تي مشتمل هجي ته alternate separator استعمال ڪريو local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- conjunction مقرر ڪريو، Oxford comma لاڳو ڪريو، ۽ جيڪڏهن #1 ۾ "§" هجي ته comma لازمي ڪريو local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- format ٿيل string واپس ڪريو return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end -- DRY فنڪشن function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- فهرستن کي "and" يا "or" سان string بڻائي ٿو function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For see -- -- خام پيراميٽرن مان "For X, see [[Y]]." فهرست تيار ڪري ٿو. -- {{about}} ۽ {{redirect}} سانچن ۽ انهن جي variants لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- forSee خاندان جي فنڪشنن ۾ استعمال ٿيندڙ ڊفالٽ options ٽيبل local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } -- string جي آخر ۾ duplicate punctuation کي collapse ڪري ٿو، -- italics ۽ links کي نظرانداز ڪندي local function punctuationCollapse (text) return text:match("[.?!]('?)%1(%]?)%2%.$") and text:sub(1, -2) or text end -- آرگومينٽن کي stringification ۽ options لاءِ ٽيبل ۾ ترتيب ڏئي ٿو function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks ۽ defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg هٿ سان حاصل ڪيو ويو آهي ڇو ته getArgs() ۽ table.maxn گڏ نٿا هلن local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- parameter list مان data کي ترتيب ڏيو: -- * forTable wrapper ٽيبل آهي، جنهن ۾ forRow قطارون آهن -- * قطارون "use" string ۽ "pages" ٽيبل تي مشتمل آهن -- * خالي جڳهون بعد ۾ defaults لاءِ خالي ڇڏيون وڃن ٿيون، پر فهرست ختم به ڪري سگهن ٿيون local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- جيڪڏهن extra text هجي ۽ ڪو آرگومينٽ نه هجي، nil واپس ڪريو -- جيئن "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" وارو ڊفالٽ پيدا نه ٿئي if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- قطارون تيار ڪرڻ لاءِ loop repeat -- نئين خالي قطار local forRow = {} -- جيڪڏهن use خالي هجي، ته فهرست ختم سمجهي loop ختم ڪيو ويندو forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- صفحن جي نئين خالي فهرست forRow.pages = {} -- جيڪڏهن موجود هجي ته پهريون صفحو شامل ڪريو table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- جيڪڏهن ايندڙ پيراميٽر "and" هجي ته اندروني loop ذريعي -- وڌيڪ پيراميٽر گڏ ڪريو جيستائين "and" ختم نه ٿين. -- خالي قدر نظرانداز ڪيا وڃن ٿا: -- "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- ايندڙ "and" ڏانهن وڌو i = i + 2 end -- ايندڙ use ڏانهن وڌو i = i + 2 -- قطار شامل ڪريو table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- forSeeArgsToTable ذريعي format ٿيل ٽيبل کي string بڻائي ٿو function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks ۽ defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- هر for-see item کي فهرست ۾ string بڻايو local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- گڏيل فهرست واپس ڪريو return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- آرگومينٽن مان "For X, see [[Y]]" string پيدا ڪري ٿو. -- index gaps کي قبول ڪري ٿو پر blank/whitespace values کي نه. -- named args ۽ "from" کان گهٽ args کي نظرانداز ڪري ٿو. function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- _forSee وانگر، پر frame استعمال ڪري ٿو. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('ماڊيول:Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p e1kwh6tffeee7sdanenrelf0kq0fbl2 828 38248 377556 98027 2026-05-14T21:40:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 377556 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mArguments -- ضرورت پوڻ تي دير سان لوڊ ٿيندو local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local p = {} function p.aboutDistinguish (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return p._aboutDistinguish(args) end function p.aboutDistinguishText (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) return p._aboutDistinguish(args, {formatted = false}) end function p._aboutDistinguish(args, options) -- قسم جي جانچ ۽ ڊفالٽ قيمتون checkType('_aboutDistinguish', 1, args, 'table') if not args[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'بابت موضوع فراهم نه ڪيو ويو', 'Template:About-distinguish', args.category ) end if not args[2] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'فرق ڪرڻ لاءِ ڪو صفحو فراهم نه ڪيو ويو', 'Template:About-distinguish', args.category ) end checkType('_aboutDistinguish', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local defaultOptions = { defaultPageType = 'صفحو', namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace, pageTypesByNamespace = { [0] = 'مقالو', [14] = 'زمرو' }, sectionString = 'سيڪشن', formatted = true } for k, v in pairs(defaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- شروعاتي "بابت" جملي جا حصا مقرر ڪريو local pageType = (args.section and options.sectionString) or options.pageTypesByNamespace[options.namespace] or options.defaultPageType args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local about = table.remove(args, 1) -- سڀ ڪجهه گڏ ڪري نتيجو واپس ڪريو local text = string.format( 'هي %s %s بابت آهي؛ %s سان گڏي نه سمجهيو وڃي.', pageType, about, mHatlist.orList(args, options.formatted) ) return mHatnote._hatnote(text) end return p r4i83iaoe0pjvy1een6lc7h2dbw0vld 0 38337 377483 372658 2026-05-14T15:58:58Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 377483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''بروهي''' (Brohi)، اصل "براهوئي" (Brahvi or Brahui)، معنيٰ: جبل جا رهاڪو، پاڪستان جي صوبي بلوچستان جي وڏي آبادي ۽ سنڌ ۽ افغانستان ۾ [[هيلمند ندي]] جي ڪپن تي رهن ٿا، طبعي لحاظ ڪري پاڻ کي [[ناروهي]] (يعني ميدان نشين) سڏائين ٿا.<ref name="autogenerated12">مولائي، رحيمداد خان، شيدائي--بروهي؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ:سنڌي ادبي بورڊ 1961ع</ref> {{Infobox ethnic group |group =بروھي <br>Brahui <br/> براہوئی, Baloch |image = [[فائل:Brahui people of Quetta.jpg |250px]] |caption = ڪوئيٽا ۾ 1910 ۾ بروهي نسل جي ماڻهن جو ڦوٽو |langs =[[بروھي ٻولي|بروھي]] |rels = حنفي ، سني ،اسلام |related = بلوچ عوام }} بروهين جي نسب بابت، عيسوي ويهين صديءَ جي شروعات ۾، 1901ع جي پهرينءَ آدم ڳڻپ جي رپورٽ مان دنيا کي خبر پيئي. [[بلوچستان]] جي مٿين رپورٽ انگريزن خان خداداد جي صلاح ۽ مشوري سان تيار ڪئي هئي، جڏهن خان صاحب "بوري" ۾ نظر بند هو. هاڻوڪيءَ سنڌي ملت ۾ جهڙيءَ طرح عرب، پٺاڻ، مغل، ايراني ۽ هندي، سماٽ قومون شامل آهن، تهڙيءَ طرح "بروهي ڪنفيڊريسي" به مختلف نسلن جي قومن جو مجموعو آهي. بروهي آفيشل رڪارڊ ۾ ”بروهي" نالو "براده" يا ’بروده‘ جو مخفف آهي. براده ندي لبنان جبل مان نڪري، عتيبه جي ڍنڍ ۾ ڇوڙ ڪري ٿي. دمشق جو ميداني علائقو، خاص طور ’غوته‘ جو سرسبز حصو، هن نديءَ وسيلي سيراب ٿئي ٿو. مشهور جاگيرافيدان ياقوت حمويءَ ڄاڻايو آهي ته جڏهن [[عبدالملڪ بن مروان]]، سليمان کي فلسطين جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو هو، تڏهن سليمان براده نديءَ مان هڪڙي شاخ ڪڍرائي ۽ رمله کي تختگاهه مقرر ڪيو. فلسطين جي نقشي ۾ برده ندي ڏيکاريل آهي. ==نسب، وطن ۽ قبيلا== بروهي پنهنجين روايتن موجب پاڻ کي حضرت ابراهيم عليه السلام جي نسل مان ڇڪين ٿا، جو ”براهو“ ڄاڻايل آهي. بنگلزئي، لانگو ۽ لهڙي ٻروچ آهن، پر بروهي تمن ۾ شامل رهڻ ڪري بروهي سڏجن ٿا. رئيساڻي ۽ شاهواڻي توڙي سَرپَره پٺاڻ آهن. هيوز صاحب سرپره قبيلي کي "سيٿين" ڄاڻايو آهي. مينگل، بزنجو، ساجدي ۽ زهري، سماٽ (جَدگال) ۽ جاٽ قبيلا آهن. بروهي ڪنفيڊريسيءَ جي جدگال قبيلن مان ”مينگل“ نالو ٻن لفظن جو مرڪب آهي: ’مين‘ ۽ ’گَل‘، يعني ’مين‘ قوم جي جماعت. ”بيگلار نامي“ ۾ بينا (مينا)، تاڪ، بنوميا، سنڌ جي قديم قومن جانالا ڏنل آهن. [[تحفته الڪرام]] ۾ بنيا، ٽانڪ، مومد ۽ مهمير، چئن قديم قومن جا نالا ڏنل آهن. ليفٽيننٽ پوسٽنس "رايل ايشياٽڪ سوسائٽي"، بنگال جي جرنل ۾ نوبيته، تاڪ ۽ مومد نالا 1841ع جي شماري ۾ ڄاڻايا آهن محمدشاهي ۽ نيچاري، بلوچستان جون قديم قومون آهن. مٿين بروهي قومن جو ورهاڱو ٻن بروهي ضلعن ۾ هن طرح آهي: :[[ضلعو سراوان]]: [[بنگلزئي]]، [[ڪرد]]، [[لهڙي]]، لانگوه، [[محمد شهي]]، رئيساڻي، [[رستم زئي]]، [[سَرپَره]]، [[ساتڪزئي]]، [[شاهواڻي]]، ذگرمينگل. اهي قومون سراواني ڪوٺجن ٿيون. :[[ضلعو جهالاوان]]: [[بيزنجو]]، [[هاروني]]، [[محمد حسني]]، [[مينگل]]، [[نيچاري]]، [[پندراڙي]]، [[ساجدي]]، [[زهري]]، [[نغاري،]] [[ريڪي زئي]]، اهي قومون جهالاواني ڪوٺجن ٿيون. بلوچستان کان علاوه سنڌ جي جيڪب آباد، سکر، لاڙڪاڻي، خيرپور، نواب شاهه، حيدرآباد ٺٽي ۽ ڪراچي ضلعن ۾ بروهي رهن ٿا. مغربي پاڪستان ۾ سندن تعداد پندرهن لکن کان به مٿي آهي. هر هڪ بروهي قوم جون بيشمار شاخون (پاڙا) آهن. هن صحبت ۾ فقط شاهواڻي قوم جي شاخن جا نالا نموني طور پيش ڪجن ٿا، ۽مختصر طور ٻين قومن جون شاخون به پيش ڪريون ٿا، جيئن بروهي قومن جي وسعت جو پتو پئجي سگهي. :*[[شاهواني]] [[حاجي زئي]]: حاجي زئي، [[راوت خان زئي]]، [[شادين زئي]]، [[چنروزئي]]، [[حاصل خان زئي]]، [[ميروزئي،]] [[شيرزئي]]، خواجو زئي، شاهو زئي، حسني، ڪَلو زئيعمراني، تنگي زئي، سهر زئي، مياهي زئي، ڪشاني، غل. [[سهرزئي]]: ڏاهي زئي، علي خان زئي، [[فيروزئي]]، عيسيٰ زئي، بوجا زئي، حڪيم زئي، ڪنززئي، [[عمراني]]: هوتي زئي، جهل زئي، يار علي زئي، پنڊوخ زئي، زهروزئي، غذارزئي، جوڳي زئي. :*[[رئيساڻي]]: ميان علي زئي، راءُ حسين زئي، رستم زئي، سراج زئي، ٻيون ننڍيون شاخون به آهن، جن کي طوالت ڪري نظر انداز ڪريون ٿا. :*[[بنگلزئي]]: سيد زئي، گهرام زئي، دينار زئي، گِراني، شوران زئي، بدوزئي، مندواڻي، پڙ، بجارزئي، مغنڊوزئي، ڦُگ، باران زئي، شاهوزئي. :*محمد شهي: مدوزئي، ڪرموزئي، شدن زئي، مسوداني، گرگين زئي، شادي زئي. محمد زئي، پهلان زئي، زردارزئي، سوروزئي، صفوزئي، سامڪ زئي، جڪوزئي. :*لهڙي: ابراهيم زئي، حيدرزئي، زوبيراني، شادياني، خلچاني، شنگراني، وغيره. :*مينگل: شاهي زئي، پهلوان زئي، ابابگي. [[جهالوان]] ۽ نوشڪي تائين پکڙيل آهن. :*[[زهري]]: زرڪ زئي، خدراني، جَتڪ، موسياني، باجوئي. :*[[قنبراڻي]]: صوڀازئي، ميران زئي، باران زئي، مستنگ، خاران، [[جهالاوان]] ۽ قلات تائين پکڙيل آهن. :*دِهوار: خواجه خيل، [[هوتي زئي]]، سارنگ زئي، داري زئي، قاضي خيل، شيخ، گوارا زئي، نجارزئي، زرخيل، منگوزئي، اناري زئي، ڍاڍرزئي، هولائي، ابڙه، الجازئي، ڊونب، سياه پاد- انهن مان ارخيل پٺاڻ، ۽ سياه پاد رند آهن. دهوار ايراني نسل مان آهن، ۽ سندن ٻولي بگڙيل پارسي آهي؛ مستنگ ۾ سڪونت پذير آهن. :*شاهوزئي: رهزن زئي، ابراهيم زئي، تمارزئي، ريحان زئي، فرار زئي، جنگي زئي، گاجي خان زئي، مراد خان زئي، سيد خان زئي، مصرزئي، گرُّزئي، مستان زئي. :*ميرواڙي: احمد زئي، حڪمران قوم جو اهو پاڙو آهي، جنهن جو ڏاڏو مير ميروخان هو، جنهن جي نالي ڪري ميرواڙي سڏجن ٿا. انهن ميرواڙين، مير بجار بن مير عمر بن ميرو جي سرڪردگيءَ ۾، عيوسي پندرهين صديءَ ڌاري، لس ٻيلي جي جدگالن (سماٽن) کي شڪست ڏيئي، جهالاوان جي مشڪي ماٿريءَ ۽ نندرو ۾ بروهي ڪنفيڊريسيءَ جو پهرئين دفعي بنياد رکيو هو.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> ==بروهي ۽ سنڌ== '''بروهي سنڌي آهن''' ان جي معنا ته بروھي قبيلي مان ٻيون جيڪي به ذاتيون نڪتيون آھن اهي سڀ پڻ سنڌي ئي آھن. سنڌي ادب ۽ تاريخ ۾ ’سنڌي‘ ڄاڻايل آهن. اهڙي پڌرائي لاءِ اسان سنڌين وٽ [[سنڌ]] جي سدا جيئري شاعر، ڀٽائيءَ جو رسالو سند آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1">مولائي، رحيمداد خان، شيدائي--بروهي؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ:سنڌي ادبي بورڊ 1961ع</ref>. انگريزن ٻروچ ٽالپر حڪمرانن خلاف هيءَ تحريڪ شروع ڪئي ته ٽالپرن جي قوم غير سنڌي ۽ ڌاري قوم آهي، جا سنڌين تي ظلم ڪري رهي آهي، ۽ بروهين خلاف سنڌين کي برغلائڻ لاءِ هُلايائون ته بروهي به غير سنڌي، ’خراساني‘ آهن. اهڙيءَ پروپئگنڊا ذريعي هو [[قلات]] ۽سنڌ تي قبضي ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيا - حالانڪه [[بلوچستان]] ۽ [[خراسان]] ٻيءَ اقليمِ سنڌ جا صوبا آهن. اڄڪلهه ڪي اهڙا ماڻهو به موجود آهن، جيڪي بروهين کي ’خراساني‘ سڏين ٿا، مزو ته اهو آهي ته ڪي بروهي به پنهنجو وطن خراسان ڄاڻائين ٿا. اهڙن ڍنگن سان فرنگي سنڌي ملت کي منتشر ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيا. شاهه سائينءَ بروهين جي مرڪز ۽ تختگاهه شهر ’قلات‘ کي ڏاڍيءَ سڪ ۽ اڪير سان ياد فرمايو آهي. قلات وچ- ايشيا ڏانهن ويندڙ شاهراهن کي ڳنڍيندڙ، ايشيا جو مکيه قافله سراءِ هو. اڄ ريلن جي اچ وڃ ڪري سندس اڳوڻي تجارتي اهميت گهٽجي ويئي آهي. فرمائي ٿو: :”پسيو آسمڻ اُن جا، ٻانهن وجهان واتَ، :هوجي ڪهيا ڏانهن قلاتَ، آءٌ نه جيندي ان ري.“ بيان ڪيل بيت ويدانت مت جي زباني چيل آهي، ڇالاءِ ته قديم سنڌ ۾ [[هنگلاج]] کان پوءِ ٻيو وڏو [[ڪاليءَ جو مندر]] قلات ۾ اڄ تائين موجود آهي، پورب جا [[ساڌو]] جنهن جي ياترا ڪرڻ ويندا هئا.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> == بروھي ٻولي == هيءَ زبان غير آريائي ٻولي آهي، جا ’ڪرگالي‘ (Kargaali) به سڏجڻ ۾ اچي ٿي؛ ۽ اها هڪ تاريخي حقيقت آهي ته پاڪستان جي سڀني ٻولين کان جهوني آهي، ڇالاءِ ته علم اللسان جا ماهران کي دراوڙي ٻولين جي صف ۾ شمار ڪن ٿا. اسين هيءَ به دعوا ڪريون ٿا ته '''بروهي اوائلي سنڌي ٻولي آهي'''، جا پنج هزار ورهيه قبل مسيح سنڌ جي جهوني سڀيتا موئن جي دڙي جو زنده مثال آهي. جيئن زندگي هر دم جوان آهي، تيئن سنڌي مادري ٻولي به هر زمان ۽ مڪان ۾ زنده رهندي اچي ٿي. بروهي ٻولي، جا بنيادي آهي، سنڌي ٻوليءَ کي عروس نوبهار وانگي سينگاريندي اچي ٿي، بشرطيڪ قلم مشاط گريءَ جي هنر کان واقف هجي. اسانجن اديبن سنسڪرت، فارسيءَ ۽ ٻين ٻولين تي گهڻو ئي ڪجهه لکيو آهي، پڻ ڇنڊ ڇاڻ به ڪئي آهي، پر بروهي ٻولي، جنهن جو سنڌي ٻوليءَ سان چولي ۽ دامن جهڙو واسطو آهي، تنهن کي پٽيءَ وساري ڇڏيو اٿن. دراوڙي ٻولين جي صف ۾ هوندي به، بروهي ٻوليءَ جي آريائي ٻولين سان مائٽي آهي، ۽ اهڙي ناتي ڪري زنده رهندي اچي ٿي. وڏو تعلق جدگاليءَ (سنڌي) سان رکي ٿي. شاهه سائين پهريون سنڌ جو عظيم شاعر آهي، جنهن ’ڪرگالي‘ ٻوليءَ جي اڙانگن لفظن کي سنڌي بيتن ۾ سموئي جس کٽيو آهي. ملاحظه فرمايو: داسا، داڪا، داڙي، هَنڊاڙي هئام، :هُرداسا هِن حال جي، هتي هوت ڏٺام، :پذيري ايندام، پائي پيچ پريت جو.(1) هن بيت جي پهرينءَ سٽ جا اڳياڙيءَ وارا چار لفظ، ۽ٻيءَ سٽ جو پهريون لفظ، بروهي ٻوليءَ جا لفظ آهن. بروهي ٻوليءَ ۾ سنڌي زبان وانگي لچڪ آهي، توڙي جو اها حقيقت آهي ته هيءَ ٻولي دکن جي دراوڙي ٻولين مان جڙيل آهي. – حالانڪ بروهين جو وطن، برصغير ۾ اُترينءَ سرحد تي آهي، ۽ دکن ۽ اتر برصغير ۾ هزارن ميلن جو فاصلو آهي. هن مان صاف ظاهر آهي ته سنسڪرت زبان جا آرين جي بنيادي زبان آهي، ان جي وجود کان هزارها ورهيه اڳ مهراڻ جي ماٿريءَ توڙي بلوچستان ۾ دراوڙي ٻوليون رائج هيون(1).بروهي ٻوليءَ ۾ لفظ ’گَل‘ لفظ بروهي ٻوليءَ کان وڌيڪ بلوچيءَ ۾ رائج آهي. جهڙوڪ ’دُزگَل‘، چورن جو ٽولو؛ ’بُزگَل‘، ٻڪرين جو ڌڻ؛ ’مينگَل‘، مين قوم جي جماعت؛ وغيره. بروهي ’س‘ ۽ ’ڪ‘ (sk) گونڊي زبان ۾ رائج آهي. بروهي ’نا‘ لفظ تامل ٻوليءَ ۾ عام ڳالهائڻ ۾ اچي ٿو. انهيءَ طرح، بروهي ’اِي‘ (معنيٰ آءٌ) به تامل ٻوليءَ جو ’ei‘ لفظ آهي. بروهي ’اِسڪا‘ معنيٰ ’هو‘، تامل ۾ ساڳيو آهي، ۽ تولو ٻوليءَ ۾ به رائج آهي. بروهي لفظ ’تُد‘ (معنيٰ ’ساڻ‘)، تيلوگو ۾ ’تودُو‘ ڪتب آندل آهي. بروهي زبان جي ڳڻپ جا پهريان ٽي لفظ – آست يا آس (هڪ)، اِرٽَ يا اِرَ (ٻه)، ۽ مُسِٽ يا مُسِ (ٽي) - خالص دراوڙي لفظ آهن. بروهي ’مُہ‘ (اڳ) ۽ ’مون‘ (منهن)، دراوڙيءَ ۾ ’مُو‘ ۽ ’مُون‘ رائج آهن. بروهي لفظ ’نِي‘ (تون) ۽ ’نُم‘ (توهين)، ڪانيريءَ (Kanaree) ۾ ’نِيم‘ ۽ ’نُم‘ رائج آهن. ڊاڪٽر ڪالڊويل (Caldwell) بروهي لفظن ’نِي‘ (تون)، ’نُم‘ (توهين) ۽ ’نَن‘ (اسين) کي دراوڙي ڄاڻائي ٿو. انهيءَ طرح، بروهي لفظن جي جيڪڏهن وڌيڪ ڇنڊ ڇاڻ ڪنداسون ته مضمون وڌي ويندو. هتي مثال طور چند لفظن جي دراوڙي ٻولين سان ڀيٽا ڪئي ويئي آهي، جيئن پڙهندڙ معلوم ڪري سگهن ته بروهي زبان تيلوگو، تولو، تامل، ملايلم، گونڊي ۽ ڪانيي، دراوڙي زبانن سان لساني طور تعلق رکي ٿي؛ ۽ هن وقت منجهس سنڌي، انڊو-يوروپين ۽ انگريزي زبانن، ۽ عربي ۽ پارسي زبانن جا لفظ شامل آهن.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> === گرامر === اوڻهين صديءَ ۾ مغربي متشرقين هندستاني ٻولين جا گرامر تيار ڪيا. بشپ ڪالڊويل ڊراوڙي زبانن جو گرامر تيار ڪيو، جو 1875ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. وهٽنيءَ (whltney) سنسڪرت گرامر تيار ڪيو، جو 1879ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. بيم (Beame) هاڻوڪين آرين زبانن جو گرامر ٽن جلدن ۾ تيار ڪيو، جي 1879-1872ع ۾ شايع ٿيا. گريئرسن، بهاري ٻولين جي ڊڪشنري تيار ڪئي، جا 1858ع ۾ شايع ٿي. ڊاڪٽر ٽرمپ سنڌي زبان جو گرامر تيار ڪيو. انهيءَ ڏس ۾ ’رايل ايشياٽڪ سوسائٽيءَ‘ جي جرنل ۾ مختلف ٻولين تي تبصرا شايع ٿيندا رهيا. اوڻيهين صديءَ جي پڇاڙيءَ ڌاري ميجر ماڪلر بلوچستان جي ٻولين مان فقط مڪراني ٻوليءَ جي گرامر متعلق سمجهاڻي شايع ڪرائي؛ ليڪن 1839ع ۾ پهرينءَ افغان ويڙهه وقت جڏهن انگريزي لشڪر کي بولان لڪ مان لنگهڻو پيو، تڏهن مغربي عالم بروهي (ڪرگالي) ٻوليءَ جي تحقيقات ڪرڻ ڏانهن رجوع ٿيا. ايشيا ۾ بروهي حڪومت موجود هئي، پر گمناميءَ جي پردي پٺيان هئي. پهريون دفعو الهندي هندستان جي ٻولين متعلق جرمن محقق ليسن (Lassen)، جلد 5 ۾، بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق روشني وڌي، جو 1844ع ۾ جرمنيءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ’اٽالين بوليٽينو جاگرافيڪل سوسائٽيءَ‘ جي هڪڙي ميمبر، فنزي (Finzi)، بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق لاطيني زبان ۾ ڪتاب تيار ڪيو، جو 1850ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. مسٽر الله بخش جو ننڍڙو ڪتابچو 1877ع ۾ ڪراچيءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ڊاڪٽر ارنيسٽ ٽرمپ بروهي گرامر 1880ع ۾ ميونچ مان شايع ڪرايو. پادري ٽي. ميئر (T.J.L.Mayer) 1906ع ۾، هڪڙو بروهي ريڊر لڌياني مان شايع ڪرايو. راءِ صاحب ديوان جميعت راءِ جو ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ تي 1907ع ۾ ڪوئيٽا مان شايع ٿيو. عيسوي ويهين صديءَ جي شروعات تائين گهڻو ئي مواد بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق شايع ٿيو ليڪن مٿيان ڪتاب ايترو ڪارائتا ثابت ڪونه ٿيا، جن مان بروهي ٻوليءَ جي ماهيت کي برٽش فوجي عملدار سمجهي سگهن، جن لاءِ هن سرحدي صوبي جي ٻوليءَ سکڻ لاءِ سرڪاري حڪم هو. مٿيون زباني مسئلو 1909ع ۾ حل ٿي ويو، جڏهن مسٽر ڊينز بري (Danys Bray) جو ڪتاب ” بروهي ٻولي“ جلد پهريون (The Braui Language, Part I)، گورنمينٽ پريس ڪلڪتي مان شايع ٿيو. مسٽر ڊينز بري (آءِ. سي. ايس.) برٽش بلوچستان جي روينيو کاتي ۾ ملازم هو، ۽ مختلف زبانن مان واقف هو. 1901ع ۾ بلوچستان جي آدمشماريءَ جو ڪم سندس سپرد ڪيو ويو. هن صاحبَ ماتحت مرزا شير محمد زهريءَ جهڙو لائق انگريزيدان مقرر ڪيو ويو، جنهن کان هن بروهي زبان سکي، ۽ ڪرگالي زبان جي خط و خال کان پوريءَ طرح واقفيت حاصل ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، اٺن سالن جي محنت بعد، حڪومت کي پنهنجو ڪتاب پيش ڪيائين. هيءُ ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ جو مڪمل گرامر آهي، جنهن کي پڙهڻ سان بروهي ٻوليءَ جي ماهيت کي معلوم ڪري سگهجي ٿو. ڪتاب جو جيڪڏهن ٻين ٻولين ۾ ترجمو ڪرائجي ته بيحد مفيد ثابت ٿيندو، ڇا لاءِ ته ’ڪرگاليءَ‘ جي معنيٰ آهي بگڙيل زبان، جنهن جا اُچار بلڪل ڏکيا آهن. اهڙي منجهيل مسئلي کي حل ڪرڻ جو سهرو مسٽر ڊينز بري جي مٿي تي آهي. مسٽر ڊينز بري کي برٽش حڪومت ترقي ڏيئي، 1934ع ۾، هند جو پرڏيهي وزير مقرر ڪري، ’سر‘ جي معزز خطاب سان نوازيو. ملازمت جي آخري لمحي تائين کيس بروهي ٻوليءَ ۽ بروهيت سان دلچسپي رهندي آئي. 1934ع ۾ سندس ٻيو ڪتاب، ”بروهي پِرابلم“، جلد ٻيو (The Barui Problem, Part II)، نئين دهليءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ جو مڪمل گرامر آهي، جنهن جي ان وقت جي هندستان مان شايع ٿيندڙ انگريزي اخبارن تعريف ڪئي هئي، ۽ دنيا کي تسليم ڪرڻو پيو ته بروهي ٻولي داراوڙي ٻولين مان نڪتل، قديم ٻولي آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> === رسم الخط === قلات جي بروهي نوابن مان مير حسن دهليءَ جي مغل شهنشاهن کان آزادي حاصل ڪئي هئي. مير احمد خان جنهن جي نالي تي قلات جا نواب ’احمدزئي‘ سڏبا هئا. 1661ع ۾، شاهجهان جي ڏينهن ۾ خود مختاري حاصل ڪئي هئي. 1854ع ۾ مير نصير خان ثانيءَ ’ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپنيءَ‘ جي قيادت تسليم ڪئي، ۽ 1947ع ۾، پاڪستان جي آزاديءَ کان پوءِ، هيءَ رياست پاڪستان ۾ مدغم ٿي ويئي؛ ليڪن مٿئين عرصي ۾ بروهي ٻوليءَ ڪا ترقي ڪا نه ڪئي، ڇا لاءِ ته اڳوڻي قلات سرڪار جي دفتري زبان پارسي هئي، جيئن پارسي ٻولي سنڌ ۾ ٽالپري دور تائين سرڪاري زبان هئي. سنڌي ٻوليءَ وانگر، بروهي به گهرو زبان جي حيثيت ۾ رهندي آئي، ۽ بلوچستان جا شاعر به پارسيءَ ۾ سخن سنجي ڪندا رهيا. انگريزي دور م به اسڪولن ۾ اردو تعليم جو ذريعو بنجي ويئي؛ جنهنڪري بروهي زبان ڪا به خاص ترقي ڪانه ڪئي. وري جن بروهين بلوچستان کان نڪري سنڌ ۽ ٻين صوبن کي وطن جوڙيو، انهن انگريزي پڙهڻ شروع ڪئي ۽ پنهنجي مادري ٻوليءَ کي وساري ڇڏيائون. آزاديءَ کان پوءِ جڏهن صوبائي ٻولين جو وارو آيو، تڏهن مس مس 1960ع ڌاري، رئيساڻي سردار ميجر غوث بخش خان جي ڪوشش سان، مستونگ مان پهريون دفعو عربي اردو خط ۾ پندرهن روزه ”ايلم“ اخبار بروهيءَ ۽ اردوءَ ۾ شايع ٿي رهي آهي. ليڪن بروهي خانه بدوش قوم آهي، تعليم نه هئڻ ڪري خريدار اٽي ۾ لوڻ جيترا مس آهن. نه وري بروهي زبان ۾ اڄ تائين ڪو اهڙو ڪتاب شايع ٿيو آهي، جنهن جي ذريعي غير بروهي هن زبان مان واقفيت حاصل ڪن. توڻي جو سابق خان قلات جي ڏينهن ۾ هڪڙي مولوي سربازيءَ قرآن پاڪ جو بروهيءَ ۾ ترجمو ڪيو هو. نه وري ريڊيو پاڪستان بروهي ٻوليءَ کي اهميت ڏني آهي. رڳو ڪوئيٽا ريڊيو تان پنج منٽ بروهي غزل جو آواز ٻڌڻ ۾ اچي ٿو. سنڌ جي هر هڪ ضلعي ۾ بروهي رهن ٿا، انهن لاءِ مادري زبان ٻڌڻ جو انتظام ڪونهي. پاڪستان جي ٺھڻ کان پوءِ بلوچستان ۾ ’براهوئي رائٽرس گلڊ‘ قائم ٿي آهي؛ پر اسڪولن ۾ اڃا بروهي زبان رائج ڪو نه ٿي آهي. بروهي زبان وقت جي ٻولين ۾ گهڻو پٺتي پيل آهي. نشر ۽ اشاعت جو اڻپورو انتظام، بروھي قبيلي جي نااتفاتيءَ ۽ سرمايي نه هئڻ ڪري، ڪو نه ٿيو آهي. انهن سببن ڪري پاڪستاني عوام کي بروهين جي تايخ ۽ ادب کان ايتري واقفيت پهچي ڪا نه سگهي آهي، توڻي جو بروهي قبيلو ۽ سندن ٻولي اصل ۾ آڳاٽي سنڌي ٻولي ئي آھي. لاهور ۾ ٿيل پاڪستان جي علاقائي زبانن جي ڪانفرنس ۾، سنڌي، بلوچي، پشتو ۽ پنجابي وفدن سان گڏ، بروهي وفد به شرڪت ڪئي، ۽ پنهنجي ادب ۽ ثقافت تي مقالا ۽ شعر پڙهي، ثابت ڪيو ته بروهي به درواڙي ٻولين جو ئي هڪ لھجو آهي، جنهن ۾ ادب جو ڪجهه ذخيرو موجود آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:بلوچ ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] i1voq35iwjjeb1nwwtc1vrcillt7p2c 377484 377483 2026-05-14T16:01:04Z Memon2025 21315 377484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''بروهي''' (Brohi)، اصل "براهوئي" (Brahvi or Brahui)، معنيٰ: جبل جا رهاڪو، پاڪستان جي صوبي بلوچستان جي وڏي آبادي ۽ سنڌ ۽ افغانستان ۾ [[هيلمند ندي]] جي ڪپن تي رهن ٿا، طبعي لحاظ ڪري پاڻ کي [[ناروهي]] (يعني ميدان نشين) سڏائين ٿا.<ref name="autogenerated12">مولائي، رحيمداد خان، شيدائي--بروهي؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ:سنڌي ادبي بورڊ 1961ع</ref> {{Infobox ethnic group |group =بروھي <br>Brahui <br/> براہوئی, Baloch |image = [[فائل:Brahui people of Quetta.jpg |250px]] |caption = ڪوئيٽا ۾ 1910 ۾ بروهي نسل جي ماڻهن جو ڦوٽو |langs =[[بروھي ٻولي|بروھي]] |rels = حنفي ، سني ،اسلام |related = بلوچ عوام }} بروهين جي نسب بابت، عيسوي ويهين صديءَ جي شروعات ۾، 1901ع جي پهرينءَ آدم ڳڻپ جي رپورٽ مان دنيا کي خبر پيئي. [[بلوچستان]] جي مٿين رپورٽ انگريزن خان خداداد جي صلاح ۽ مشوري سان تيار ڪئي هئي، جڏهن خان صاحب "بوري" ۾ نظر بند هو. هاڻوڪيءَ سنڌي ملت ۾ جهڙيءَ طرح عرب، پٺاڻ، مغل، ايراني ۽ هندي، سماٽ قومون شامل آهن، تهڙيءَ طرح "بروهي ڪنفيڊريسي" به مختلف نسلن جي قومن جو مجموعو آهي. بروهي آفيشل رڪارڊ ۾ ”بروهي" نالو "براده" يا ’بروده‘ جو مخفف آهي. براده ندي لبنان جبل مان نڪري، عتيبه جي ڍنڍ ۾ ڇوڙ ڪري ٿي. دمشق جو ميداني علائقو، خاص طور ’غوته‘ جو سرسبز حصو، هن نديءَ وسيلي سيراب ٿئي ٿو. مشهور جاگيرافيدان ياقوت حمويءَ ڄاڻايو آهي ته جڏهن [[عبدالملڪ بن مروان]]، سليمان کي فلسطين جو گورنر مقرر ڪيو هو، تڏهن سليمان براده نديءَ مان هڪڙي شاخ ڪڍرائي ۽ رمله کي تختگاهه مقرر ڪيو. فلسطين جي نقشي ۾ برده ندي ڏيکاريل آهي. ==نسب، وطن ۽ قبيلا== بروهي پنهنجين روايتن موجب پاڻ کي حضرت ابراهيم عليه السلام جي نسل مان ڇڪين ٿا، جو ”براهو“ ڄاڻايل آهي. بنگلزئي، لانگو ۽ لهڙي ٻروچ آهن، پر بروهي تمن ۾ شامل رهڻ ڪري بروهي سڏجن ٿا. رئيساڻي ۽ شاهواڻي توڙي سَرپَره پٺاڻ آهن. هيوز صاحب سرپره قبيلي کي "سيٿين" ڄاڻايو آهي. مينگل، بزنجو، ساجدي ۽ زهري، سماٽ (جَدگال) ۽ جاٽ قبيلا آهن. بروهي ڪنفيڊريسيءَ جي جدگال قبيلن مان ”مينگل“ نالو ٻن لفظن جو مرڪب آهي: ’مين‘ ۽ ’گَل‘، يعني ’مين‘ قوم جي جماعت. ”بيگلار نامي“ ۾ بينا (مينا)، تاڪ، بنوميا، سنڌ جي قديم قومن جانالا ڏنل آهن. [[تحفته الڪرام]] ۾ بنيا، ٽانڪ، مومد ۽ مهمير، چئن قديم قومن جا نالا ڏنل آهن. ليفٽيننٽ پوسٽنس "رايل ايشياٽڪ سوسائٽي"، بنگال جي جرنل ۾ نوبيته، تاڪ ۽ مومد نالا 1841ع جي شماري ۾ ڄاڻايا آهن محمدشاهي ۽ نيچاري، بلوچستان جون قديم قومون آهن. مٿين بروهي قومن جو ورهاڱو ٻن بروهي ضلعن ۾ هن طرح آهي: :[[ضلعو سراوان]]: [[بنگلزئي]]، [[ڪرد]]، [[لهڙي]]، لانگوه، [[محمد شهي]]، رئيساڻي، [[رستم زئي]]، [[سَرپَره]]، [[ساتڪزئي]]، [[شاهواڻي]]، ذگرمينگل. اهي قومون سراواني ڪوٺجن ٿيون. :[[ضلعو جهالاوان]]: [[بيزنجو]]، [[هاروني]]، [[محمد حسني]]، [[مينگل]]، [[نيچاري]]، [[پندراڙي]]، [[ساجدي]]، [[زهري]]، [[نغاري،]] [[ريڪي زئي]]، اهي قومون جهالاواني ڪوٺجن ٿيون. بلوچستان کان علاوه سنڌ جي جيڪب آباد، سکر، لاڙڪاڻي، خيرپور، نواب شاهه، حيدرآباد ٺٽي ۽ ڪراچي ضلعن ۾ بروهي رهن ٿا. مغربي پاڪستان ۾ سندن تعداد پندرهن لکن کان به مٿي آهي. هر هڪ بروهي قوم جون بيشمار شاخون (پاڙا) آهن. هن صحبت ۾ فقط شاهواڻي قوم جي شاخن جا نالا نموني طور پيش ڪجن ٿا، ۽مختصر طور ٻين قومن جون شاخون به پيش ڪريون ٿا، جيئن بروهي قومن جي وسعت جو پتو پئجي سگهي. :*[[شاهواني]] [[حاجي زئي]]: حاجي زئي، [[راوت خان زئي]]، [[شادين زئي]]، [[چنروزئي]]، [[حاصل خان زئي]]، [[ميروزئي،]] [[شيرزئي]]، خواجو زئي، شاهو زئي، حسني، ڪَلو زئيعمراني، تنگي زئي، سهر زئي، مياهي زئي، ڪشاني، غل. [[سهرزئي]]: ڏاهي زئي، علي خان زئي، [[فيروزئي]]، عيسيٰ زئي، بوجا زئي، حڪيم زئي، ڪنززئي، [[عمراني]]: هوتي زئي، جهل زئي، يار علي زئي، پنڊوخ زئي، زهروزئي، غذارزئي، جوڳي زئي. :*[[رئيساڻي]]: ميان علي زئي، راءُ حسين زئي، رستم زئي، سراج زئي، ٻيون ننڍيون شاخون به آهن، جن کي طوالت ڪري نظر انداز ڪريون ٿا. :*[[بنگلزئي]]: سيد زئي، گهرام زئي، دينار زئي، گِراني، شوران زئي، بدوزئي، مندواڻي، پڙ، بجارزئي، مغنڊوزئي، ڦُگ، باران زئي، شاهوزئي. :*محمد شهي: مدوزئي، ڪرموزئي، شدن زئي، مسوداني، گرگين زئي، شادي زئي. محمد زئي، پهلان زئي، زردارزئي، سوروزئي، صفوزئي، سامڪ زئي، جڪوزئي. :*لهڙي: ابراهيم زئي، حيدرزئي، زوبيراني، شادياني، خلچاني، شنگراني، وغيره. :*مينگل: شاهي زئي، پهلوان زئي، ابابگي. [[جهالوان]] ۽ نوشڪي تائين پکڙيل آهن. :*[[زهري]]: زرڪ زئي، خدراني، جَتڪ، موسياني، باجوئي. :*[[قنبراڻي]]: صوڀازئي، ميران زئي، باران زئي، مستنگ، خاران، [[جهالاوان]] ۽ قلات تائين پکڙيل آهن. :*دِهوار: خواجه خيل، [[هوتي زئي]]، سارنگ زئي، داري زئي، قاضي خيل، شيخ، گوارا زئي، نجارزئي، زرخيل، منگوزئي، اناري زئي، ڍاڍرزئي، هولائي، ابڙه، الجازئي، ڊونب، سياه پاد- انهن مان ارخيل پٺاڻ، ۽ سياه پاد رند آهن. دهوار ايراني نسل مان آهن، ۽ سندن ٻولي بگڙيل پارسي آهي؛ مستنگ ۾ سڪونت پذير آهن. :*شاهوزئي: رهزن زئي، ابراهيم زئي، تمارزئي، ريحان زئي، فرار زئي، جنگي زئي، گاجي خان زئي، مراد خان زئي، سيد خان زئي، مصرزئي، گرُّزئي، مستان زئي. :*ميرواڙي: احمد زئي، حڪمران قوم جو اهو پاڙو آهي، جنهن جو ڏاڏو مير ميروخان هو، جنهن جي نالي ڪري ميرواڙي سڏجن ٿا. انهن ميرواڙين، مير بجار بن مير عمر بن ميرو جي سرڪردگيءَ ۾، عيوسي پندرهين صديءَ ڌاري، لس ٻيلي جي جدگالن (سماٽن) کي شڪست ڏيئي، جهالاوان جي مشڪي ماٿريءَ ۽ نندرو ۾ بروهي ڪنفيڊريسيءَ جو پهرئين دفعي بنياد رکيو هو.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> ==بروهي ۽ سنڌ== '''بروهي سنڌي آهن''' ان جي معنا ته بروھي قبيلي مان ٻيون جيڪي به ذاتيون نڪتيون آھن اهي سڀ پڻ سنڌي ئي آھن. سنڌي ادب ۽ تاريخ ۾ ’سنڌي‘ ڄاڻايل آهن. اهڙي پڌرائي لاءِ اسان سنڌين وٽ [[سنڌ]] جي سدا جيئري شاعر، ڀٽائيءَ جو رسالو سند آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1">مولائي، رحيمداد خان، شيدائي--بروهي؛ رسالو:مهراڻ؛ ڇپيندڙ:سنڌي ادبي بورڊ 1961ع</ref>. انگريزن ٻروچ ٽالپر حڪمرانن خلاف هيءَ تحريڪ شروع ڪئي ته ٽالپرن جي قوم غير سنڌي ۽ ڌاري قوم آهي، جا سنڌين تي ظلم ڪري رهي آهي، ۽ بروهين خلاف سنڌين کي برغلائڻ لاءِ هُلايائون ته بروهي به غير سنڌي، ’خراساني‘ آهن. اهڙيءَ پروپئگنڊا ذريعي هو [[قلات]] ۽سنڌ تي قبضي ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيا - حالانڪه [[بلوچستان]] ۽ [[خراسان]] ٻيءَ اقليمِ سنڌ جا صوبا آهن. اڄڪلهه ڪي اهڙا ماڻهو به موجود آهن، جيڪي بروهين کي ’خراساني‘ سڏين ٿا، مزو ته اهو آهي ته ڪي بروهي به پنهنجو وطن خراسان ڄاڻائين ٿا. اهڙن ڍنگن سان فرنگي سنڌي ملت کي منتشر ڪرڻ ۾ ڪامياب ٿيا. شاهه سائينءَ بروهين جي مرڪز ۽ تختگاهه شهر ’قلات‘ کي ڏاڍيءَ سڪ ۽ اڪير سان ياد فرمايو آهي. قلات وچ- ايشيا ڏانهن ويندڙ شاهراهن کي ڳنڍيندڙ، ايشيا جو مکيه قافله سراءِ هو. اڄ ريلن جي اچ وڃ ڪري سندس اڳوڻي تجارتي اهميت گهٽجي ويئي آهي. فرمائي ٿو: :”پسيو آسمڻ اُن جا، ٻانهن وجهان واتَ، :هوجي ڪهيا ڏانهن قلاتَ، آءٌ نه جيندي ان ري.“ بيان ڪيل بيت ويدانت مت جي زباني چيل آهي، ڇالاءِ ته قديم سنڌ ۾ [[هنگلاج]] کان پوءِ ٻيو وڏو [[ڪاليءَ جو مندر]] قلات ۾ اڄ تائين موجود آهي، پورب جا [[ساڌو]] جنهن جي ياترا ڪرڻ ويندا هئا.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> == بروھي ٻولي == هيءَ زبان غير آريائي ٻولي آهي، جا ’ڪرگالي‘ (Kargaali) به سڏجڻ ۾ اچي ٿي؛ ۽ اها هڪ تاريخي حقيقت آهي ته پاڪستان جي سڀني ٻولين کان جهوني آهي، ڇالاءِ ته علم اللسان جا ماهران کي دراوڙي ٻولين جي صف ۾ شمار ڪن ٿا. اسين هيءَ به دعوا ڪريون ٿا ته '''بروهي اوائلي سنڌي ٻولي آهي'''، جا پنج هزار ورهيه قبل مسيح سنڌ جي جهوني سڀيتا موئن جي دڙي جو زنده مثال آهي. جيئن زندگي هر دم جوان آهي، تيئن سنڌي مادري ٻولي به هر زمان ۽ مڪان ۾ زنده رهندي اچي ٿي. بروهي ٻولي، جا بنيادي آهي، سنڌي ٻوليءَ کي عروس نوبهار وانگي سينگاريندي اچي ٿي، بشرطيڪ قلم مشاط گريءَ جي هنر کان واقف هجي. اسانجن اديبن سنسڪرت، فارسيءَ ۽ ٻين ٻولين تي گهڻو ئي ڪجهه لکيو آهي، پڻ ڇنڊ ڇاڻ به ڪئي آهي، پر بروهي ٻولي، جنهن جو سنڌي ٻوليءَ سان چولي ۽ دامن جهڙو واسطو آهي، تنهن کي پٽيءَ وساري ڇڏيو اٿن. دراوڙي ٻولين جي صف ۾ هوندي به، بروهي ٻوليءَ جي آريائي ٻولين سان مائٽي آهي، ۽ اهڙي ناتي ڪري زنده رهندي اچي ٿي. وڏو تعلق جدگاليءَ (سنڌي) سان رکي ٿي. شاهه سائين پهريون سنڌ جو عظيم شاعر آهي، جنهن ’ڪرگالي‘ ٻوليءَ جي اڙانگن لفظن کي سنڌي بيتن ۾ سموئي جس کٽيو آهي. ملاحظه فرمايو: داسا، داڪا، داڙي، هَنڊاڙي هئام، :هُرداسا هِن حال جي، هتي هوت ڏٺام، :پذيري ايندام، پائي پيچ پريت جو.(1) هن بيت جي پهرينءَ سٽ جا اڳياڙيءَ وارا چار لفظ، ۽ٻيءَ سٽ جو پهريون لفظ، بروهي ٻوليءَ جا لفظ آهن. بروهي ٻوليءَ ۾ سنڌي زبان وانگي لچڪ آهي، توڙي جو اها حقيقت آهي ته هيءَ ٻولي دکن جي دراوڙي ٻولين مان جڙيل آهي. – حالانڪ بروهين جو وطن، برصغير ۾ اُترينءَ سرحد تي آهي، ۽ دکن ۽ اتر برصغير ۾ هزارن ميلن جو فاصلو آهي. هن مان صاف ظاهر آهي ته سنسڪرت زبان جا آرين جي بنيادي زبان آهي، ان جي وجود کان هزارها ورهيه اڳ مهراڻ جي ماٿريءَ توڙي بلوچستان ۾ دراوڙي ٻوليون رائج هيون(1).بروهي ٻوليءَ ۾ لفظ ’گَل‘ لفظ بروهي ٻوليءَ کان وڌيڪ بلوچيءَ ۾ رائج آهي. جهڙوڪ ’دُزگَل‘، چورن جو ٽولو؛ ’بُزگَل‘، ٻڪرين جو ڌڻ؛ ’مينگَل‘، مين قوم جي جماعت؛ وغيره. بروهي ’س‘ ۽ ’ڪ‘ (sk) گونڊي زبان ۾ رائج آهي. بروهي ’نا‘ لفظ تامل ٻوليءَ ۾ عام ڳالهائڻ ۾ اچي ٿو. انهيءَ طرح، بروهي ’اِي‘ (معنيٰ آءٌ) به تامل ٻوليءَ جو ’ei‘ لفظ آهي. بروهي ’اِسڪا‘ معنيٰ ’هو‘، تامل ۾ ساڳيو آهي، ۽ تولو ٻوليءَ ۾ به رائج آهي. بروهي لفظ ’تُد‘ (معنيٰ ’ساڻ‘)، تيلوگو ۾ ’تودُو‘ ڪتب آندل آهي. بروهي زبان جي ڳڻپ جا پهريان ٽي لفظ – آست يا آس (هڪ)، اِرٽَ يا اِرَ (ٻه)، ۽ مُسِٽ يا مُسِ (ٽي) - خالص دراوڙي لفظ آهن. بروهي ’مُہ‘ (اڳ) ۽ ’مون‘ (منهن)، دراوڙيءَ ۾ ’مُو‘ ۽ ’مُون‘ رائج آهن. بروهي لفظ ’نِي‘ (تون) ۽ ’نُم‘ (توهين)، ڪانيريءَ (Kanaree) ۾ ’نِيم‘ ۽ ’نُم‘ رائج آهن. ڊاڪٽر ڪالڊويل (Caldwell) بروهي لفظن ’نِي‘ (تون)، ’نُم‘ (توهين) ۽ ’نَن‘ (اسين) کي دراوڙي ڄاڻائي ٿو. انهيءَ طرح، بروهي لفظن جي جيڪڏهن وڌيڪ ڇنڊ ڇاڻ ڪنداسون ته مضمون وڌي ويندو. هتي مثال طور چند لفظن جي دراوڙي ٻولين سان ڀيٽا ڪئي ويئي آهي، جيئن پڙهندڙ معلوم ڪري سگهن ته بروهي زبان تيلوگو، تولو، تامل، ملايلم، گونڊي ۽ ڪانيي، دراوڙي زبانن سان لساني طور تعلق رکي ٿي؛ ۽ هن وقت منجهس سنڌي، انڊو-يوروپين ۽ انگريزي زبانن، ۽ عربي ۽ پارسي زبانن جا لفظ شامل آهن.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sindhiadabiboard.org/Catalogue/mehran/Book5/Book_page23.html#_ftnref1}}</ref> === گرامر === اوڻهين صديءَ ۾ مغربي متشرقين هندستاني ٻولين جا گرامر تيار ڪيا. بشپ ڪالڊويل ڊراوڙي زبانن جو گرامر تيار ڪيو، جو 1875ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. وهٽنيءَ (whltney) سنسڪرت گرامر تيار ڪيو، جو 1879ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. بيم (Beame) هاڻوڪين آرين زبانن جو گرامر ٽن جلدن ۾ تيار ڪيو، جي 1879-1872ع ۾ شايع ٿيا. گريئرسن، بهاري ٻولين جي ڊڪشنري تيار ڪئي، جا 1858ع ۾ شايع ٿي. ڊاڪٽر ٽرمپ سنڌي زبان جو گرامر تيار ڪيو. انهيءَ ڏس ۾ ’رايل ايشياٽڪ سوسائٽيءَ‘ جي جرنل ۾ مختلف ٻولين تي تبصرا شايع ٿيندا رهيا. اوڻيهين صديءَ جي پڇاڙيءَ ڌاري ميجر ماڪلر بلوچستان جي ٻولين مان فقط مڪراني ٻوليءَ جي گرامر متعلق سمجهاڻي شايع ڪرائي؛ ليڪن 1839ع ۾ پهرينءَ افغان ويڙهه وقت جڏهن انگريزي لشڪر کي بولان لڪ مان لنگهڻو پيو، تڏهن مغربي عالم بروهي (ڪرگالي) ٻوليءَ جي تحقيقات ڪرڻ ڏانهن رجوع ٿيا. ايشيا ۾ بروهي حڪومت موجود هئي، پر گمناميءَ جي پردي پٺيان هئي. پهريون دفعو الهندي هندستان جي ٻولين متعلق جرمن محقق ليسن (Lassen)، جلد 5 ۾، بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق روشني وڌي، جو 1844ع ۾ جرمنيءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ’اٽالين بوليٽينو جاگرافيڪل سوسائٽيءَ‘ جي هڪڙي ميمبر، فنزي (Finzi)، بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق لاطيني زبان ۾ ڪتاب تيار ڪيو، جو 1850ع ۾ شايع ٿيو. مسٽر الله بخش جو ننڍڙو ڪتابچو 1877ع ۾ ڪراچيءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ڊاڪٽر ارنيسٽ ٽرمپ بروهي گرامر 1880ع ۾ ميونچ مان شايع ڪرايو. پادري ٽي. ميئر (T.J.L.Mayer) 1906ع ۾، هڪڙو بروهي ريڊر لڌياني مان شايع ڪرايو. راءِ صاحب ديوان جميعت راءِ جو ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ تي 1907ع ۾ ڪوئيٽا مان شايع ٿيو. عيسوي ويهين صديءَ جي شروعات تائين گهڻو ئي مواد بروهي ٻوليءَ متعلق شايع ٿيو ليڪن مٿيان ڪتاب ايترو ڪارائتا ثابت ڪونه ٿيا، جن مان بروهي ٻوليءَ جي ماهيت کي برٽش فوجي عملدار سمجهي سگهن، جن لاءِ هن سرحدي صوبي جي ٻوليءَ سکڻ لاءِ سرڪاري حڪم هو. مٿيون زباني مسئلو 1909ع ۾ حل ٿي ويو، جڏهن مسٽر ڊينز بري (Danys Bray) جو ڪتاب ” بروهي ٻولي“ جلد پهريون (The Braui Language, Part I)، گورنمينٽ پريس ڪلڪتي مان شايع ٿيو. مسٽر ڊينز بري (آءِ. سي. ايس.) برٽش بلوچستان جي روينيو کاتي ۾ ملازم هو، ۽ مختلف زبانن مان واقف هو. 1901ع ۾ بلوچستان جي آدمشماريءَ جو ڪم سندس سپرد ڪيو ويو. هن صاحبَ ماتحت مرزا شير محمد زهريءَ جهڙو لائق انگريزيدان مقرر ڪيو ويو، جنهن کان هن بروهي زبان سکي، ۽ ڪرگالي زبان جي خط و خال کان پوريءَ طرح واقفيت حاصل ڪرڻ کان پوءِ، اٺن سالن جي محنت بعد، حڪومت کي پنهنجو ڪتاب پيش ڪيائين. هيءُ ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ جو مڪمل گرامر آهي، جنهن کي پڙهڻ سان بروهي ٻوليءَ جي ماهيت کي معلوم ڪري سگهجي ٿو. ڪتاب جو جيڪڏهن ٻين ٻولين ۾ ترجمو ڪرائجي ته بيحد مفيد ثابت ٿيندو، ڇا لاءِ ته ’ڪرگاليءَ‘ جي معنيٰ آهي بگڙيل زبان، جنهن جا اُچار بلڪل ڏکيا آهن. اهڙي منجهيل مسئلي کي حل ڪرڻ جو سهرو مسٽر ڊينز بري جي مٿي تي آهي. مسٽر ڊينز بري کي برٽش حڪومت ترقي ڏيئي، 1934ع ۾، هند جو پرڏيهي وزير مقرر ڪري، ’سر‘ جي معزز خطاب سان نوازيو. ملازمت جي آخري لمحي تائين کيس بروهي ٻوليءَ ۽ بروهيت سان دلچسپي رهندي آئي. 1934ع ۾ سندس ٻيو ڪتاب، ”بروهي پِرابلم“، جلد ٻيو (The Barui Problem, Part II)، نئين دهليءَ مان شايع ٿيو. ڪتاب بروهي ٻوليءَ جو مڪمل گرامر آهي، جنهن جي ان وقت جي هندستان مان شايع ٿيندڙ انگريزي اخبارن تعريف ڪئي هئي، ۽ دنيا کي تسليم ڪرڻو پيو ته بروهي ٻولي داراوڙي ٻولين مان نڪتل، قديم ٻولي آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> === رسم الخط === قلات جي بروهي نوابن مان مير حسن دهليءَ جي مغل شهنشاهن کان آزادي حاصل ڪئي هئي. مير احمد خان جنهن جي نالي تي قلات جا نواب ’احمدزئي‘ سڏبا هئا. 1661ع ۾، شاهجهان جي ڏينهن ۾ خود مختاري حاصل ڪئي هئي. 1854ع ۾ مير نصير خان ثانيءَ ’ايسٽ انڊيا ڪمپنيءَ‘ جي قيادت تسليم ڪئي، ۽ 1947ع ۾، پاڪستان جي آزاديءَ کان پوءِ، هيءَ رياست پاڪستان ۾ مدغم ٿي ويئي؛ ليڪن مٿئين عرصي ۾ بروهي ٻوليءَ ڪا ترقي ڪا نه ڪئي، ڇا لاءِ ته اڳوڻي قلات سرڪار جي دفتري زبان پارسي هئي، جيئن پارسي ٻولي سنڌ ۾ ٽالپري دور تائين سرڪاري زبان هئي. سنڌي ٻوليءَ وانگر، بروهي به گهرو زبان جي حيثيت ۾ رهندي آئي، ۽ بلوچستان جا شاعر به پارسيءَ ۾ سخن سنجي ڪندا رهيا. انگريزي دور م به اسڪولن ۾ اردو تعليم جو ذريعو بنجي ويئي؛ جنهنڪري بروهي زبان ڪا به خاص ترقي ڪانه ڪئي. وري جن بروهين بلوچستان کان نڪري سنڌ ۽ ٻين صوبن کي وطن جوڙيو، انهن انگريزي پڙهڻ شروع ڪئي ۽ پنهنجي مادري ٻوليءَ کي وساري ڇڏيائون. آزاديءَ کان پوءِ جڏهن صوبائي ٻولين جو وارو آيو، تڏهن مس مس 1960ع ڌاري، رئيساڻي سردار ميجر غوث بخش خان جي ڪوشش سان، مستونگ مان پهريون دفعو عربي اردو خط ۾ پندرهن روزه ”ايلم“ اخبار بروهيءَ ۽ اردوءَ ۾ شايع ٿي رهي آهي. ليڪن بروهي خانه بدوش قوم آهي، تعليم نه هئڻ ڪري خريدار اٽي ۾ لوڻ جيترا مس آهن. نه وري بروهي زبان ۾ اڄ تائين ڪو اهڙو ڪتاب شايع ٿيو آهي، جنهن جي ذريعي غير بروهي هن زبان مان واقفيت حاصل ڪن. توڻي جو سابق خان قلات جي ڏينهن ۾ هڪڙي مولوي سربازيءَ قرآن پاڪ جو بروهيءَ ۾ ترجمو ڪيو هو. نه وري ريڊيو پاڪستان بروهي ٻوليءَ کي اهميت ڏني آهي. رڳو ڪوئيٽا ريڊيو تان پنج منٽ بروهي غزل جو آواز ٻڌڻ ۾ اچي ٿو. سنڌ جي هر هڪ ضلعي ۾ بروهي رهن ٿا، انهن لاءِ مادري زبان ٻڌڻ جو انتظام ڪونهي. پاڪستان جي ٺھڻ کان پوءِ بلوچستان ۾ ’براهوئي رائٽرس گلڊ‘ قائم ٿي آهي؛ پر اسڪولن ۾ اڃا بروهي زبان رائج ڪو نه ٿي آهي. بروهي زبان وقت جي ٻولين ۾ گهڻو پٺتي پيل آهي. نشر ۽ اشاعت جو اڻپورو انتظام، بروھي قبيلي جي نااتفاتيءَ ۽ سرمايي نه هئڻ ڪري، ڪو نه ٿيو آهي. انهن سببن ڪري پاڪستاني عوام کي بروهين جي تايخ ۽ ادب کان ايتري واقفيت پهچي ڪا نه سگهي آهي، توڻي جو بروهي قبيلو ۽ سندن ٻولي اصل ۾ آڳاٽي سنڌي ٻولي ئي آھي. لاهور ۾ ٿيل پاڪستان جي علاقائي زبانن جي ڪانفرنس ۾، سنڌي، بلوچي، پشتو ۽ پنجابي وفدن سان گڏ، بروهي وفد به شرڪت ڪئي، ۽ پنهنجي ادب ۽ ثقافت تي مقالا ۽ شعر پڙهي، ثابت ڪيو ته بروهي به درواڙي ٻولين جو ئي هڪ لھجو آهي، جنهن ۾ ادب جو ڪجهه ذخيرو موجود آهي.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:بروھي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] n6wc986jtje4zx78qe8u9x304jzc62b 0 39099 377496 251185 2026-05-14T16:59:33Z KaleemBot 10779 خودڪار: [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] جو اضافو + ترتيب 377496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''ڀيل''''': ھيءُ اصل مارواڙ جا آھن، جي سنڌ ۾ خاص ٿر جي پاسي اچي رھڻ لڳا. اھي اصل چوري ڪندڙ ھئا ۽ ھاڻي پوک ۽ نوڪري ۽ پورھيو به ڪن. ديويءَ جا پوڄارا آھن. ھي مئلن کي پوريندا آھن ۽ هر قسم جو ماس حرام يا حلال کائيندا آهن. پنھنجا پاڻ ۾ شاديون ڪندا آھن.<ref>قديم سنڌ -ان جا مشهور شهر ۽ ماڻهو. مصنف: مرزا قليچ بيگ. ايڊيشن: چوٿون 1999ع. ڇپائيندڙ: [[سنڌي ادبي بورڊ]] ڄام شورو</ref> == حوالا == {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ذاتيون]] 9u82vuyfemekhtvs8os819z6mlclwfy 0 40979 377444 377438 2026-05-14T14:49:49Z Memon2025 21315 /* حوالا */ 377444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group =سرائيڪي |pop = 20 million |region1 ={{flag|Pakistan}} |pop1 = 2,00,00,000 |langs =[[سرائڪي ٻولي]] |rels =اڪثريت :[[اسلام]]<br>اقليت: [[هندوازم|ھندو مت]]،[[عيسائيت]] ۽ [[سک ازم|سک مذهب]] |related = }} '''سرائيڪي''' (Saraikis؛ [[سرائيڪي ٻولي|سرائيڪي]]: سرائیکی قوم) جنھن کي ملتاني بہ چوندا آهن،<ref name="BhatiaRitchie2008">{{cite book|last1=Bhatia|first1=Tej K.|last2=Ritchie|first2=William C.|title=The Handbook of Bilingualism|date=2008-04-15|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9780470756744|page=803}}</ref> [[پاڪستان]] ۾ ڏکڻ [[پنجاب، پاڪستان|پنجاب]] ۾ رھندڙ ماڻھو جن جي مادري زبان [[سرائيڪي ٻولي|سرائيڪي]] آھي.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA283#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|first=James|last=Minahan|page=283|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598846591}}</ref> پھريون دفعو 1960ع واري ڏھاڪي ۾ ھي ماڻھو بطور قوميت نمايان ٿيا.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abNDLZQ6quYC&pg=PA284&dq=bahawalpur+world+war&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFivGouvXYAhVC4mMKHcT2AckQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=bahawalpur%20world%20war&f=false|title=Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia|last=Minahan|first=James|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781598846591|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ھن قوم جي اڪثريت [[اسلام]] سان وابستہ آهي ۽ ننڍڙي اقليت [[عيسائيت]]، [[ھندوازم]] ۽ [[سک ازم]] سان وابستہ آهي.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/Rasoolpuri/documents Aslam Rasoolpuri (Rasoolpuri) | Scribd<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سرائيڪي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] pduppuxvjtd95ytoehb7hq6qckjfpie 14 42059 377503 117667 2026-05-14T17:34:27Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377503 wikitext text/x-wiki *[[سڀ ۾ پرين پاڻ]] [[زمرو:سنڌي شاعري]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڪتاب]] kj00umvsnxjwcj3iexlmlq4js41n39k 14 42064 377505 115387 2026-05-14T17:38:20Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي ۾ ڪتابون]] brpapl1ivsvwg4iegnbpbx55b1c6iil 377506 377505 2026-05-14T17:39:32Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي ۾ ڪتابون]] 7awpuwufyerpp91lp7m1u41y2xpn191 377507 377506 2026-05-14T17:42:23Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي ۾ ڪتابون]] [[زمرو:نثر بلحاظ صنف]] jv7gora069fmmgcq2144trrnpcet0d5 377508 377507 2026-05-14T17:44:09Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ترجما]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي ۾ ڪتابون]] 3vg8x0jpjnt0oumqg1vjd8q33fi6b1b 377510 377508 2026-05-14T17:46:35Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ترجما]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي ۾ ڪتابون]] 1abvwiati28996g5roezfw32c57upn7 828 44378 377573 375926 2026-05-14T22:27:19Z Intisar Ali 8681 377573 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول ريڊائريڪٽ صفحي جو حدف حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ فنڪشن فراهم ڪري ٿو. local p = {} -- mw.title آبجيڪٽ حاصل ڪري ٿو؛ pcall استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي ته جيئن اسڪرپٽ جون -- غلطيون پيدا نه ٿين، جيڪڏهن اسان expensive function count جي حد کان وڌي وڃون -- يا ڪو ٻيو ممڪن سبب ٿئي. local function getTitle(...) local success, titleObj = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return titleObj else return nil end end -- ان صفحي جو نالو حاصل ڪري ٿو جنهن ڏانهن ريڊائريڪٽ وڃي ٿو، -- يا nil واپس ڪري ٿو جيڪڏهن اهو ريڊائريڪٽ نه هجي. function p.getTargetFromText(text) local target = string.match( text, "^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)%]%]" ) or string.match( text, "^%s*#[Rr][Ee][Dd][Ii][Rr][Ee][Cc][Tt]%s*:?%s*%[%[([^%[%]|]-)|[^%[%]]-%]%]" ) return target and mw.uri.decode(target, 'PATH') end -- ريڊائريڪٽ جو حدف حاصل ڪري ٿو. جيڪڏهن ڏنل صفحو ريڊائريڪٽ نه هجي، -- ته nil واپس ڪري ٿو. function p.getTarget(page, fulltext) -- title object حاصل ڪريو. صفحن جا نالا ۽ title objects ٻنهي کي -- input طور قبول ڪيو وڃي ٿو. local titleObj if type(page) == 'string' or type(page) == 'number' then titleObj = getTitle(page) elseif type(page) == 'table' and type(page.getContent) == 'function' then titleObj = page else error(string.format( "bad argument #1 to 'getTarget'" .. " (string, number, or title object expected, got %s)", type(page) ), 2) end if not titleObj then return nil end local targetTitle = titleObj.redirectTarget if targetTitle then if fulltext then return targetTitle.fullText else return targetTitle.prefixedText end else return nil end end --[[ -- هڪ واحد صفحي جو نالو وٺي اهو طئي ڪري ٿو ته اهو ڪهڙي صفحي ڏانهن ريڊائريڪٽ ٿئي ٿو، -- ۽ حدف صفحي جو نالو واپس ڪري ٿو، يا جيڪڏهن ريڊائريڪٽ نه هجي ته ڏنل صفحي جو نالو -- واپس ڪري ٿو. ڏنل صفحي جو نالو سادي متن طور يا صفحي جي لنڪ طور ڏئي سگهجي ٿو. -- -- صفحي جو نالو سادي متن طور واپس ڪري ٿو، يا bracket پيراميٽر ڏنل هجي ته -- صفحي جي لنڪ طور واپس ڪري ٿو. جيڪڏهن صفحو موجود نه هجي يا ريڊائريڪٽ حدف -- ڪنهن سبب معلوم نه ٿي سگهي، ته غلطي جو پيغام واپس ڪري ٿو. --]] function p.luaMain(rname, bracket, fulltext) if type(rname) ~= "string" or not rname:find("%S") then return nil end bracket = bracket and "[[%s]]" or "%s" rname = rname:match("%[%[(.+)%]%]") or rname local target = p.getTarget(rname, fulltext) local ret = target or rname ret = getTitle(ret) if ret then if fulltext then ret = ret.fullText else ret = ret.prefixedText end return bracket:format(ret) else return nil end end -- وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان luaMain فنڪشن تائين رسائي فراهم ڪري ٿو. function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) return p.luaMain(args[1], args.bracket, args.fulltext) or '' end -- جيڪڏهن ڏنل صفحو ريڊائريڪٽ هجي ته true واپس ڪري ٿو، ٻي صورت ۾ false. function p.luaIsRedirect(page) local titleObj = getTitle(page) if not titleObj then return false end if titleObj.isRedirect then return true else return false end end -- وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان luaIsRedirect فنڪشن تائين رسائي فراهم ڪري ٿو؛ -- جيڪڏهن ڏنل صفحو ريڊائريڪٽ هجي ته 'yes' واپس ڪري ٿو، -- ٻي صورت ۾ خالي اسٽرنگ واپس ڪري ٿو. function p.isRedirect(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame, {frameOnly = true}) if p.luaIsRedirect(args[1]) then return 'yes' else return '' end end return p pz657nigecri2k7kw9tq4caxegxs62r 828 44968 377542 127656 2026-05-14T21:01:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 377542 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote') local mHatlist = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote list') local mArguments -- سست طريقي سان شروعات local mTableTools -- سست طريقي سان شروعات local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -- معياري {{other uses}} عملدرآمد پيدا ڪري ٿو function p.otheruses(frame) mArguments = require('ماڊيول:Arguments') mTableTools = require('ماڊيول:TableTools') local args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText return p._otheruses(args, {title=title}) end -- invocation وقت مهيا ڪيل otherText سان "other [x]" سانچا لاڳو ڪري ٿو function p.otherX(frame) mArguments = require('ماڊيول:Arguments') mTableTools = require('ماڊيول:TableTools') local x = frame.args[1] local args = mTableTools.compressSparseArray( mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) ) local options = { title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText, otherText = x } return p._otheruses(args, options) end -- مکيه generator function p._otheruses(args, options) -- Type-checks ۽ defaults checkType('_otheruses', 1, args, 'table', true) args = args or {} checkType('_otheruses', 2, options, 'table') if not (options.defaultPage or options.title) then error('"_otheruses" options table ۾ ڪا به default title data فراهم نه ڪئي وئي', 2) end local emptyArgs = true for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then emptyArgs = false break end end if emptyArgs then args = { options.defaultPage or mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title, options.disambiguator) } end -- هيٽ نوٽ پيدا ڪري واپس ڪري ٿو local text = mHatlist.forSeeTableToString({{ use = options.otherText and "other " .. options.otherText or nil, pages = args }}) return mHatnote._hatnote(text) end return p qlzn0suawgecb6johygh0q2hw99j81w 14 46536 377458 377433 2026-05-14T15:17:04Z Memon2025 21315 377458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا معاشرتي گروه]] n27lvklgk4xsohorbt5y94kn7zc0zgl 4 47319 377467 375403 2026-05-14T15:33:33Z ListeriaBot 10240 Wikidata list updated [V2] 377467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{bots|allow=ListeriaBot}} روان سال ۾ اڄ جي تاريخ يعني '''{{#time:d F|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}''' تي ڄمڻ (پيدا ٿيڻ وارن ماڻهن جي فهرست هيٺ درج آهي، پَڪ سان (يقيناً) ان ۾ ڪيترائي ماڻهو اڃا به جيئرا (زندهه) حيات هوندا. آخري نئين سر شروعات: <onlyinclude>{{#time: Y-m-d H:i|{{REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}</onlyinclude> == فهرست == {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?date_node wikibase:timePrecision "11"^^xsd:integer . ?date_node wikibase:timeValue ?date . FILTER (year(?date) > 1899) FILTER (day(?date) = day(now())) FILTER (month(?date) = month(now())) ?item p:P569/<http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/P569> ?date_node . ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . OPTIONAL {?item wdt:P570 ?dod} FILTER (!bound(?dod)) } ORDER BY DESC(?date) ?item |columns=P18,P569:تاريخ پيدائش,label:ماڻهو,وضاحت,P106,P39,P27,P735 |thumb=125 |autolist=fallback |links=local }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! عکس ! تاريخ پيدائش ! ماڻهو ! وضاحت ! پيشو ! position held ! شهريت ! ذاتي نالو |- | [[فائل:Zareen Khan grace the Lokmat Most Stylish Awards 2023.jpg|center|125px]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-05-14 | [[زرين خان]] | | ''[[:d:Q4610556|model]]''<br/>[[اداڪار]] | | [[ڀارت]] | ''[[:d:Q116700670|Zareen]]'' |- | [[فائل:Mark Zuckerberg F8 2019 Keynote (32830578717) (cropped).jpg|center|125px]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-05-14 | [[مارڪ زڪربرگ|مارڪ زوڪربرگ]] | | ''[[:d:Q5482740|programmer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131524|entrepreneur]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q82594|computer scientist]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15472169|patron of the arts]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q484876|chief executive officer]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q12362622|philanthropist]]'' | ''[[:d:Q484876|chief executive officer]]'' | [[آمريڪا جون گڏيل رياستون|آمريڪا]] | ''[[:d:Q13610143|Mark]]'' |} {{Wikidata list end}} [[زمرو:اڄ جي تاريخ ڄمڻ وارا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:مارچ جون پيدائشون]] pzpiz1tao00thvgt5ee1ae37utp1g8v 828 49545 377581 152334 2026-05-14T23:14:42Z Intisar Ali 8681 377581 Scribunto text/plain -- هي ماڊيول {{lua}} سانچي کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو. local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local mList = require('Module:List') local mTableTools = require('Module:TableTools') local mMessageBox = require('Module:Message box') local p = {} function p.main(frame) local origArgs = frame:getParent().args local args = {} for k, v in pairs(origArgs) do v = v:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') if v ~= '' then args[k] = v end end return p._main(args) end function p._main(args) local modules = mTableTools.compressSparseArray(args) local box = p.renderBox(modules) local trackingCategories = p.renderTrackingCategories(args, modules) return box .. trackingCategories end function p.renderBox(modules) local boxArgs = {} if #modules < 1 then boxArgs.text = '<strong class="error">غلطي: ڪو به ماڊيول بيان نه ڪيو ويو</strong>' else local moduleLinks = {} for i, module in ipairs(modules) do moduleLinks[i] = string.format('[[:%s]]', module) end local moduleList = mList.makeList('bulleted', moduleLinks) boxArgs.text = 'هي سانچو [[وڪيپيڊيا:لوا|لوا]] استعمال ڪري ٿو:\n' .. moduleList end boxArgs.type = 'notice' boxArgs.small = true boxArgs.image = '[[File:Lua-logo-nolabel.svg|30px|alt=لوا لوگو|link=وڪيپيڊيا:لوا]]' return mMessageBox.main('mbox', boxArgs) end function p.renderTrackingCategories(args, modules, titleObj) if yesno(args.nocat) then return '' end local cats = {} -- غلطي وارو زمرو if #modules < 1 then cats[#cats + 1] = 'لوا سانچا جن ۾ غلطيون آهن' end -- لوا سانچن جو زمرو titleObj = titleObj or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local subpageBlacklist = { doc = true, sandbox = true, sandbox2 = true, testcases = true } if titleObj.namespace == 10 and not subpageBlacklist[titleObj.subpageText] then local category = args.category if not category then local categories = { ['Module:String'] = 'لوا String تي ٻڌل سانچا', ['Module:Math'] = 'Math لوا ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا', ['Module:BaseConvert'] = 'BaseConvert لوا ماڊيول تي ٻڌل سانچا', ['Module:Citation'] = 'لوا تي ٻڌل حوالا ڏيڻ وارا سانچا' } categories['Module:Citation/CS1'] = categories['Module:Citation'] category = modules[1] and categories[modules[1]] category = category or 'لوا تي ٻڌل سانچا' end cats[#cats + 1] = category end for i, cat in ipairs(cats) do cats[i] = string.format('[[زمرو:%s]]', cat) end return table.concat(cats) end return p k6axinus6ycpuc5hlxe0yarzyc9exor 14 50022 377504 368867 2026-05-14T17:37:12Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377504 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] ejl27vslou5pjzit86o32xvzfevpcqn 14 53535 377478 377437 2026-05-14T15:50:15Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بلوچستان]] [[زمرو:بلوچي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] llyrs9q7gv7uojh4h5ea22wv4q5gcsx 377479 377478 2026-05-14T15:53:47Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بلوچستان]] [[زمرو:بلوچي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 67bbtizk1dijjgls3necr4ayy8cib35 14 57569 377491 324013 2026-05-14T16:16:01Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lang-en|Category:People from Badin District}} [[زمرو:بدين ضلعو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻھو بلحاظ ضلعو]] 69nkyh6stilnenhelysxtqi2kd2u38b 14 58465 377492 369485 2026-05-14T16:17:15Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lang-en|Category:People from Sukkur District}} [[زمرو:سکر ضلعو]] [[زمرو:سنڌ جا ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻھو بلحاظ ضلعو]] hpdunjwlysurl6i1rq8jsrecv447q6z 14 60384 377460 203206 2026-05-14T15:21:05Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{lang-en|Category:Samma tribes}} [[زمرو:بلوچ قبيلا]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ذاتيون]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 7jq9ajregee1y5icanw72oi1ddx694v 0 62393 377627 351929 2026-05-15T11:16:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* حوالا */ 377627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = اتراکنڊ | native_name = A | settlement_type = رياست | nickname = اتر جي زمين | image_skyline = Uttarakhand Montage.png | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_caption = | seal_alt = | image_map = India Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = ڀارت ۾ اتراکنڊ | image_map1 = Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_caption1 = اتراکنڊ جو نقشو | latd = | longd = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = [[ڀارت]] | established_title = قائم | established_date = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts_type = سڀ کان وڏو شهر | seat_type = راڄڌاني | seat = ڀاريسين | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = گرميت سنگھ | leader_title1 = وڏو وزير | leader_name1 = پشڪر ڌامي | leader_title2 = رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي | leader_name2 = A | leader_title3 = عدالت غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: صوبائی اسمبلی | leader_name3 = اتراکنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ | leader_title4 = C | leader_name4 = 5 | leader_title5 = | leader_name5 = | unit_pref = ملڪ: ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: اتراکنڊي ٻولي: • سرڪاري هندي • اضافي سرڪاري سنسکرت • سرڪاري رسم الخط: ديوناگري جي ڊي پي: ڪل (2024–2025): ₹3.78 لک ڪروڙ (45 ارب)[8] • درجو 20 هون • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) ٽائيم زون: UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: برطانيا ۾. گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1,19,13,000 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21 هون | population_density_km2 = چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) | population_note = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | iso_code = | official_name = Uttarakhand | other_name = B | imagesize = 320 | image_flag = | flag_size = | seal_size = | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | blank_emblem_type = اتراڪنڊ جو نشان | blank_emblem_size = 90px | motto = مقصد: ستيا ميوا جيتي (سنسڪرت) ”سچ جي ئي فتح“ | anthem = ترانو: اتراکنڊ ديو ڀومي ماتري ڀومي (هندي، گڙهوالي ۽ ڪومائوني) " | mapsize = 250px | mapsize1 = 250px | longm = | longs = | longEW = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | coordinates_format = | subdivision_type1 = علائقو | subdivision_type2 = سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type3 = اضافي سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type4 = سرڪاري رسم الخط | subdivision_type5 = جي ڊي پي | subdivision_type6 = ٽائيم زون | subdivision_name1 = [[اتر ڀارت]] [[اتر هندستان]] | subdivision_name2 = * اتراکنڊي ٻولي * هندي | subdivision_name3 = سنسکرت | subdivision_name4 = ديوناگري رسم الخط | subdivision_name5 = ڪل: ₹378 ارب (45 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر) • درجو 20 هون (2024–2025) • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) | subdivision_name6 = UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: UK . گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: | established_title1 = هندستان اڳ | established_date1 = اتر پرديش جو حصو | established_title2 = رياست جي طور تي تشکيل | established_date2 = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts = دهرادون | governing_body = اتراکنڊ جي حڪومت | leader_party = BJP | total_type = ڪُل }} '''اتراکنڊ''' (Uttarakhand; هندي: उत्तराखण्ड، لفظي طور تي "اتر جي زمين")، جن کي اترانچل (2007 تائين سرڪاري نالو) جي نالي سان پڻ سڃاتو وڃي ٿو, اتر ڀارت ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. رياست اتر اولهه ۾ [[هماچل پرديش]]، اتر ۾ [[تبت]]، اوڀر ۾ [[نيپال]] ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ [[اتر پرديش]] سان سرحد تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جو ڪل علائقو 53,483 چورس ڪلوميٽر (20,650 چورس ميل) آهي, جيڪي ڀارت جي ڪل ايراضي جي %1.6 آهي. دهرادون رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. نيني تال عدالتي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. رياست ڪل 13 ضلعن سان ٻن حصن; ڳڙھوال ۽ ڪمائون ۾ ورهايل آهي. ٻيلو رياست جي جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %45.4 ڍڪي ٿو. پوکي لائق علائقو ڪل جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %16 آهي. رياست جون ٻه وڏيون دريائون (گنگا ۽ ان جي معاون ندي جمنا) ترتيب وار گنگوتري ۽ جمناوتري گليشيئر مان نڪرنديون آهن. بهترين هوا جي معيار جي انڊيڪس سان ڀارت جي مٿين 10 سبز رياستن ۾ ڇهين نمبر تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جي تاريخ قبل از تاريخ دور جي آهي. آثار قديمه جي ثبوتن سان انساني رهائش ڏيکاري ٿي. اهو قديم ڪورو ۽ پنچال بادشاهتن جو حصو هو. ويدڪ دور ۾. ۽ بعد ۾ ڪنندا جهڙين خاندانن جو عروج ۽ ٻڌمت جو اثر ڏٺو. جيئن اشوڪ جي فرمانن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ بنيادي طور تي زراعت ۽ هائيڊرو پاور ذريعي هلائي وئي. رياست جي معيشت هاڻي سروس انڊسٽري جي غلبي ۾ آهي. سروس سيڪٽر ۾ بنيادي طور تي سفر، سياحت ۽ هوٽل انڊسٽري شامل آهن. رياست لوئر هائوس لوڪ سڀا ۾ پنج سيٽون ۽ مٿئين هائوس راجيا سڀا ۾ ٽي سيٽون حصو ڏئي ٿي. رياست جي رهواسين کي انهن جي اصليت جي علائقي جي لحاظ کان ڳڙههوالي يا ڪومائوني سڏيو ويندو آهي. آبادي جي ٽن چوٿين کان وڌيڪ ماڻهن طرفان هندومت تي عمل ڪيو ويندو آهي. اسلام ايندڙ سڀ کان وڏو مذهبي گروهه آهي. هندي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳالهائي ويندڙ ٻولي آهي. ۽ رياست جي سرڪاري ٻولي پڻ آهي. مقامي علائقائي ٻولين سان گڏ ڳڙھوالي، جونسري، رونگپو، ڀوٽيا، گرجاري ۽ ڪمائوني شامل آهن. اتراکھنڊ ٻن عالمي ورثي وارين جڳهن جو گھر پڻ آهي. ==تاريخ== اتراکنڊ هندستان جي اتر ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. اها ڀارت جي 27 رياست آهي. اترپرديش رياست، انڊيا 9 نومبر 2000 تي قائم ڪئي وئي ، جيڪا اترپرديش جي 13 اتر اولهه ضلعن تي مشتمل هئي. ان جا پاڙيسري رياستون [[هماچل پرديش]]، [[هريانا|هريانه]] ۽ اترپرديش آهن. گادي جو هنڌ ۽ تجارتي مرڪز [[دهرادون]] آهي. ==جاگرافي== ==آباديات== ==انتظامي ڊويزن== ==حڪومت ۽ انتظاميه== ==ثقافت== ==معيشت== ==نقل و حمل== ==سياحت== ==تعليم== ==راندين== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:اترا کنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جي رياستون]] 6p31bwmr99eotjnolqhhj5nmifzuyhq 377630 377627 2026-05-15T11:19:11Z Ibne maryam 17680 377630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = اتراکنڊ | native_name = A | settlement_type = رياست | nickname = اتر جي زمين | image_skyline = Uttarakhand Montage.png | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_caption = | seal_alt = | image_map = India Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = ڀارت ۾ اتراکنڊ | image_map1 = Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_caption1 = اتراکنڊ جو نقشو | latd = | longd = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = [[ڀارت]] | established_title = قائم | established_date = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts_type = سڀ کان وڏو شهر | seat_type = راڄڌاني | seat = ڀاريسين | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = گرميت سنگھ | leader_title1 = وڏو وزير | leader_name1 = پشڪر ڌامي | leader_title2 = رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي | leader_name2 = A | leader_title3 = عدالت غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: صوبائی اسمبلی | leader_name3 = اتراکنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ | leader_title4 = C | leader_name4 = 5 | leader_title5 = | leader_name5 = | unit_pref = ملڪ: ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: اتراکنڊي ٻولي: • سرڪاري هندي • اضافي سرڪاري سنسکرت • سرڪاري رسم الخط: ديوناگري جي ڊي پي: ڪل (2024–2025): ₹3.78 لک ڪروڙ (45 ارب)[8] • درجو 20 هون • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) ٽائيم زون: UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: برطانيا ۾. گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1,19,13,000 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21 هون | population_density_km2 = چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) | population_note = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | iso_code = | official_name = Uttarakhand | other_name = B | imagesize = 320 | image_flag = | flag_size = | seal_size = | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | blank_emblem_type = اتراڪنڊ جو نشان | blank_emblem_size = 90px | motto = مقصد: ستيا ميوا جيتي (سنسڪرت) ”سچ جي ئي فتح“ | anthem = ترانو: اتراکنڊ ديو ڀومي ماتري ڀومي (هندي، گڙهوالي ۽ ڪومائوني) " | mapsize = 250px | mapsize1 = 250px | longm = | longs = | longEW = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | coordinates_format = | subdivision_type1 = علائقو | subdivision_type2 = سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type3 = اضافي سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type4 = سرڪاري رسم الخط | subdivision_type5 = جي ڊي پي | subdivision_type6 = ٽائيم زون | subdivision_name1 = [[اتر ڀارت]] [[اتر هندستان]] | subdivision_name2 = * اتراکنڊي ٻولي * هندي | subdivision_name3 = سنسکرت | subdivision_name4 = ديوناگري رسم الخط | subdivision_name5 = ڪل: ₹378 ارب (45 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر) • درجو 20 هون (2024–2025) • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) | subdivision_name6 = UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: UK . گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: | established_title1 = هندستان اڳ | established_date1 = اتر پرديش جو حصو | established_title2 = رياست جي طور تي تشکيل | established_date2 = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts = دهرادون | governing_body = اتراکنڊ جي حڪومت | leader_party = BJP | total_type = ڪُل }} '''اتراکنڊ''' (Uttarakhand; هندي: उत्तराखण्ड، لفظي طور تي "اتر جي زمين")، جن کي اترانچل (2007 تائين سرڪاري نالو) جي نالي سان پڻ سڃاتو وڃي ٿو, اتر ڀارت ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. رياست اتر اولهه ۾ [[هماچل پرديش]]، اتر ۾ [[تبت]]، اوڀر ۾ [[نيپال]] ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ [[اتر پرديش]] سان سرحد تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جو ڪل علائقو 53,483 چورس ڪلوميٽر (20,650 چورس ميل) آهي, جيڪي ڀارت جي ڪل ايراضي جي %1.6 آهي. دهرادون رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. نيني تال عدالتي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. رياست ڪل 13 ضلعن سان ٻن حصن; ڳڙھوال ۽ ڪمائون ۾ ورهايل آهي. ٻيلو رياست جي جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %45.4 ڍڪي ٿو. پوکي لائق علائقو ڪل جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %16 آهي. رياست جون ٻه وڏيون دريائون (گنگا ۽ ان جي معاون ندي جمنا) ترتيب وار گنگوتري ۽ جمناوتري گليشيئر مان نڪرنديون آهن. بهترين هوا جي معيار جي انڊيڪس سان ڀارت جي مٿين 10 سبز رياستن ۾ ڇهين نمبر تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جي تاريخ قبل از تاريخ دور جي آهي. آثار قديمه جي ثبوتن سان انساني رهائش ڏيکاري ٿي. اهو قديم ڪورو ۽ پنچال بادشاهتن جو حصو هو. ويدڪ دور ۾. ۽ بعد ۾ ڪنندا جهڙين خاندانن جو عروج ۽ ٻڌمت جو اثر ڏٺو. جيئن اشوڪ جي فرمانن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ بنيادي طور تي زراعت ۽ هائيڊرو پاور ذريعي هلائي وئي. رياست جي معيشت هاڻي سروس انڊسٽري جي غلبي ۾ آهي. سروس سيڪٽر ۾ بنيادي طور تي سفر، سياحت ۽ هوٽل انڊسٽري شامل آهن. رياست لوئر هائوس لوڪ سڀا ۾ پنج سيٽون ۽ مٿئين هائوس راجيا سڀا ۾ ٽي سيٽون حصو ڏئي ٿي. رياست جي رهواسين کي انهن جي اصليت جي علائقي جي لحاظ کان ڳڙههوالي يا ڪومائوني سڏيو ويندو آهي. آبادي جي ٽن چوٿين کان وڌيڪ ماڻهن طرفان هندومت تي عمل ڪيو ويندو آهي. اسلام ايندڙ سڀ کان وڏو مذهبي گروهه آهي. هندي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳالهائي ويندڙ ٻولي آهي. ۽ رياست جي سرڪاري ٻولي پڻ آهي. مقامي علائقائي ٻولين سان گڏ ڳڙھوالي، جونسري، رونگپو، ڀوٽيا، گرجاري ۽ ڪمائوني شامل آهن. اتراکھنڊ ٻن عالمي ورثي وارين جڳهن جو گھر پڻ آهي. ==تاريخ== اتراکنڊ هندستان جي اتر ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. اها ڀارت جي 27 رياست آهي. اترپرديش رياست، انڊيا 9 نومبر 2000 تي قائم ڪئي وئي ، جيڪا اترپرديش جي 13 اتر اولهه ضلعن تي مشتمل هئي. ان جا پاڙيسري رياستون [[هماچل پرديش]]، [[هريانا|هريانه]] ۽ اترپرديش آهن. گادي جو هنڌ ۽ تجارتي مرڪز [[دهرادون]] آهي. ==جاگرافي== ==آباديات== ==انتظامي ڊويزن== ==حڪومت ۽ انتظاميه== ==ثقافت== ==معيشت== ==نقل و حمل== ==سياحت== ==تعليم== ==راندين== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:اترا کنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جي رياستون]] 1zg8bws9uwujpv1eab25eho0evoxdzl 377633 377630 2026-05-15T11:20:17Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* ٻاهرين لنڪس */ 377633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = اتراکنڊ | native_name = A | settlement_type = رياست | nickname = اتر جي زمين | image_skyline = Uttarakhand Montage.png | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_seal = | seal_caption = | seal_alt = | image_map = India Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = ڀارت ۾ اتراکنڊ | image_map1 = Uttarakhand locator map.svg | map_caption1 = اتراکنڊ جو نقشو | latd = | longd = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = [[ڀارت]] | established_title = قائم | established_date = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts_type = سڀ کان وڏو شهر | seat_type = راڄڌاني | seat = ڀاريسين | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = گرميت سنگھ | leader_title1 = وڏو وزير | leader_name1 = پشڪر ڌامي | leader_title2 = رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي | leader_name2 = A | leader_title3 = عدالت غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: صوبائی اسمبلی | leader_name3 = اتراکنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ | leader_title4 = C | leader_name4 = 5 | leader_title5 = | leader_name5 = | unit_pref = ملڪ: ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. ڀارت علائقو: اتر هندستان اڳ ۾ هو: اتر پرديش جو حصو. رياست جي طور تي: 9 نومبر 2000 تشکيل: 9 نومبر 2000 راڄڌاني: * ڀاريسين. دهرادون (سيارو) سڀ کان وڏو شهر: ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: اتراکنڊي ٻولي: • سرڪاري هندي • اضافي سرڪاري سنسکرت • سرڪاري رسم الخط: ديوناگري جي ڊي پي: ڪل (2024–2025): ₹3.78 لک ڪروڙ (45 ارب)[8] • درجو 20 هون • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) ٽائيم زون: UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: برطانيا ۾. گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 53483 | area_note = | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1,19,13,000 | population_as_of = 2025 | population_rank = 21 هون | population_density_km2 = چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) | population_note = | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | iso_code = | official_name = Uttarakhand | other_name = B | imagesize = 320 | image_flag = | flag_size = | seal_size = | image_blank_emblem = Seal of Uttarakhand.svg | blank_emblem_type = اتراڪنڊ جو نشان | blank_emblem_size = 90px | motto = مقصد: ستيا ميوا جيتي (سنسڪرت) ”سچ جي ئي فتح“ | anthem = ترانو: اتراکنڊ ديو ڀومي ماتري ڀومي (هندي، گڙهوالي ۽ ڪومائوني) " | mapsize = 250px | mapsize1 = 250px | longm = | longs = | longEW = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | coordinates_format = | subdivision_type1 = علائقو | subdivision_type2 = سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type3 = اضافي سرڪاري ٻولي | subdivision_type4 = سرڪاري رسم الخط | subdivision_type5 = جي ڊي پي | subdivision_type6 = ٽائيم زون | subdivision_name1 = [[اتر ڀارت]] [[اتر هندستان]] | subdivision_name2 = * اتراکنڊي ٻولي * هندي | subdivision_name3 = سنسکرت | subdivision_name4 = ديوناگري رسم الخط | subdivision_name5 = ڪل: ₹378 ارب (45 ارب آمريڪي ڊالر) • درجو 20 هون (2024–2025) • في ماڻهو: (3,700 آمريڪي ڊالر) (10 هون) | subdivision_name6 = UTC+05:30 (IST) ISO 3166 ڪوڊ: UK . گاڏين جي رجسٽريشن: برطانيه HDI (2023): 0.722 اعليٰ (20 هون) خواندگي (2017): 87.6٪ (13 هون) جنسي تناسب (2011): 963♀ / 1000♂[15] (چوٿون) ضلعا: * اتراکھنڊ جي حڪومت. • گورنر: گرميت سنگھ • وڏو وزير: پشڪر سنگھ ڌامي. رياستي قانون ساز اسيمبلي: غير معمولي * • اسيمبلي اتراکھنڊ قانون ساز اسيمبلي: (70 سيٽون) * قومي پارليامينٽ هندستان جي پارليامينٽ: • راجيا سڀا: 3 سيٽون • لوڪ سڀا: 5 سيٽون هاءِ ڪورٽ: اتراکھنڊ هاءِ ڪورٽ. علائقو: • ڪل: • درجو: طول و عرض • ڊيگهه. • ويڪر. سڀ کان وڌيڪ بلندي: نندا ديوي. گھٽ ۾ گھٽ بلندي: شاردا ساگر ذخيرو. آبادي (2025) • ڪُل: 11,913,000 • درجو: 21 هون • کثافت: چورس ڪلوميٽر (550/چورس ميل) • شهري ڳوٺاڻي. علامتون: | established_title1 = هندستان اڳ | established_date1 = اتر پرديش جو حصو | established_title2 = رياست جي طور تي تشکيل | established_date2 = 9 نومبر 2000 | parts = دهرادون | governing_body = اتراکنڊ جي حڪومت | leader_party = BJP | total_type = ڪُل }} '''اتراکنڊ''' (Uttarakhand; هندي: उत्तराखण्ड، لفظي طور تي "اتر جي زمين")، جن کي اترانچل (2007 تائين سرڪاري نالو) جي نالي سان پڻ سڃاتو وڃي ٿو, اتر ڀارت ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. رياست اتر اولهه ۾ [[هماچل پرديش]]، اتر ۾ [[تبت]]، اوڀر ۾ [[نيپال]] ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ [[اتر پرديش]] سان سرحد تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جو ڪل علائقو 53,483 چورس ڪلوميٽر (20,650 چورس ميل) آهي, جيڪي ڀارت جي ڪل ايراضي جي %1.6 آهي. دهرادون رياست جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. نيني تال عدالتي گاديءَ جو هنڌ آهي. رياست ڪل 13 ضلعن سان ٻن حصن; ڳڙھوال ۽ ڪمائون ۾ ورهايل آهي. ٻيلو رياست جي جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %45.4 ڍڪي ٿو. پوکي لائق علائقو ڪل جاگرافيائي علائقي جو %16 آهي. رياست جون ٻه وڏيون دريائون (گنگا ۽ ان جي معاون ندي جمنا) ترتيب وار گنگوتري ۽ جمناوتري گليشيئر مان نڪرنديون آهن. بهترين هوا جي معيار جي انڊيڪس سان ڀارت جي مٿين 10 سبز رياستن ۾ ڇهين نمبر تي آهي. اتراکنڊ جي تاريخ قبل از تاريخ دور جي آهي. آثار قديمه جي ثبوتن سان انساني رهائش ڏيکاري ٿي. اهو قديم ڪورو ۽ پنچال بادشاهتن جو حصو هو. ويدڪ دور ۾. ۽ بعد ۾ ڪنندا جهڙين خاندانن جو عروج ۽ ٻڌمت جو اثر ڏٺو. جيئن اشوڪ جي فرمانن مان ظاهر ٿئي ٿو. جيتوڻيڪ بنيادي طور تي زراعت ۽ هائيڊرو پاور ذريعي هلائي وئي. رياست جي معيشت هاڻي سروس انڊسٽري جي غلبي ۾ آهي. سروس سيڪٽر ۾ بنيادي طور تي سفر، سياحت ۽ هوٽل انڊسٽري شامل آهن. رياست لوئر هائوس لوڪ سڀا ۾ پنج سيٽون ۽ مٿئين هائوس راجيا سڀا ۾ ٽي سيٽون حصو ڏئي ٿي. رياست جي رهواسين کي انهن جي اصليت جي علائقي جي لحاظ کان ڳڙههوالي يا ڪومائوني سڏيو ويندو آهي. آبادي جي ٽن چوٿين کان وڌيڪ ماڻهن طرفان هندومت تي عمل ڪيو ويندو آهي. اسلام ايندڙ سڀ کان وڏو مذهبي گروهه آهي. هندي سڀ کان وڌيڪ ڳالهائي ويندڙ ٻولي آهي. ۽ رياست جي سرڪاري ٻولي پڻ آهي. مقامي علائقائي ٻولين سان گڏ ڳڙھوالي، جونسري، رونگپو، ڀوٽيا، گرجاري ۽ ڪمائوني شامل آهن. اتراکھنڊ ٻن عالمي ورثي وارين جڳهن جو گھر پڻ آهي. ==تاريخ== اتراکنڊ هندستان جي اتر ۾ هڪ رياست آهي. اها ڀارت جي 27 رياست آهي. اترپرديش رياست، انڊيا 9 نومبر 2000 تي قائم ڪئي وئي ، جيڪا اترپرديش جي 13 اتر اولهه ضلعن تي مشتمل هئي. ان جا پاڙيسري رياستون [[هماچل پرديش]]، [[هريانا|هريانه]] ۽ اترپرديش آهن. گادي جو هنڌ ۽ تجارتي مرڪز [[دهرادون]] آهي. ==جاگرافي== ==آباديات== ==انتظامي ڊويزن== ==حڪومت ۽ انتظاميه== ==ثقافت== ==معيشت== ==نقل و حمل== ==سياحت== ==تعليم== ==راندين== ==پڻ ڏسو== ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهرين لنڪس== [[زمرو:اترا کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جي رياستون]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت جون رياستون]] 0uozysykrwmpn25ncl26qy5v9d5o9ix 14 64053 377495 252296 2026-05-14T16:23:52Z Memon2025 21315 377495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ذاتيون]] [[زمرو:انڊيا ۾ سنڌي قبيلا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا سماجي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جون هندو برادريون]] gphvi32tdfxh4vpq1auki4pr7wwdcgd 14 64054 377446 377434 2026-05-14T14:52:42Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ميمڻ]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا سماجي گروهه]] 0zgfvskqjvk20spzzstr3epxg0vl2zj 377457 377446 2026-05-14T15:14:06Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377457 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ميمڻ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا سماجي گروهه]] 11z3pjssjwjqj6ri5hruqvxmrywelcu 377494 377457 2026-05-14T16:21:30Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ميمڻ]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ماڻھو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ نسل]] [[زمرو:سنڌ ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا سماجي گروهه]] b9yasenu4rtw4zdiskoxclidnhtsyhb 3 64114 377631 216284 2026-05-15T11:19:22Z Mys 721tx 1558 Mys 721tx صفحي [[واپرائيندڙ بحث:पाटलिपुत्र]] کي [[واپرائيندڙ بحث:Pataliputra!]] ڏانھن چوريو: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/पाटलिपुत्र|पाटलिपुत्र]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pataliputra!|Pataliputra!]]" 216284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{سانچو:سماجي ڳنڍڻن تي سنڌي وڪيپيڊيا}} <div style="padding:5px;font-size:medium"><center style="word-spacing:1ex">[[Wikipedia:سفارتخانو|سفارتخاني جي صفحي تي پنھنجون سفارشون ڏيو]] </center></div> {| bgcolor="#ADDFAD" align=center style="width:100% !important; -moz-border-radius: 1em;-webkit-border-radius:1em;border-radius:1em; border-top:2px dashed #3eb2c9;border-bottom:2px dashed #3eb2c9;padding: 5px 20px 25px;" |<span style="font-family:MB Lateefi;float:left">'''[[Wikipedia:سفارتخانو|سفارتخانو]]'''</span> <div class="tabber horizTabBox" style="width: 100% !important;"> [[عڪس:Wikipedia laurier wp.png|left|200px]] <center><big>'''بزمِ سنڌي وڪيپيڊيا ۾ ڀلي ڪري آيا''' ''{{PAGENAME}}'''</big></center>'' '''السلام عليڪم! اسان اميد ڪريون ٿا تہ توھان سنڌي وڪيپيڊيا جي لاء بھترين اضافو ثابت ٿيندئو'''.<br> * وڪيپيڊيا ھڪ کليل ڄاڻ چيڪلو آھي جنھن کي اسان سڀ ملي ڪري لکندا ۽ سنواريندا آھيون. وڪيپيڊيا منصوبي جي شروعات جنوري 2001ع ۾ ٿي، جڏھن تہ سنڌي وڪيپيڊيا فيبروري 2006ع ۾ عمل آئي. في الحال ھن وڪيپيڊيا ۾ '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' [[Special:Allpages|مضمون]] موجود آھن.<br /> * ھن چيڪلي (انسائيڪلوپيڊيا) ۾ توھان مضمون نويسي، سنوار ۽ تصحيح کان پھريان ھيٺين صفحن تي ضرور نظر وجھو.''' * صفحن جي ظاھريت جي تبديلي ۽ طریقيڪار جي لاءِ ڏسو '''[[خاص:ترجيحات|ترجيحون]]'''. <Font - size=4> '''اصول ۽ قاعدا''' </Font - size> <Font - size=3> '''توھان جو واپرائيندڙ ۽ بحث صفحو''' </Font - size><br> ھتي توھانجو [[خاص:Mypage|'''مخصوص واپرائيندڙ صفحو بہ ھوندو''']] جتي توھان [[:زمرو:يوزر سانچا|پنھنجو تعارف لکي سگھو ٿا]]، ۽ توهانجي [[خاص:Mytalk|واپرائيندڙ بحث]] تي ٻيا رڪنَ توھان سان رابطو ڪري سگھن ٿا ۽ توھان ڏي پيغام موڪلي سگھن ٿا. * '''ڪنھن ٻئي رڪن کي پيغام موڪلڻ وقت ھنن امرن جو خاص خيال رکو''': ** '''جيڪڏھن ضرورت هجي تہ پيغام کي عنوان ضرور ڏيو'''. ** '''پيغام جي آخر ۾ پنهنجي صحيح ضرور وجھو، ان جي لاءِ هي علامت درج ڪريو'''--&#126;&#126;&#126;&#126;''' يا ھن ([[عڪس:Insert-signature.png|link=]]) بٽڻ تي ٽڙڪ ڪريو'''. ** '''[[Wikipedia:اصول بحث|اظھار بحث جي آدابن]] جو خصوصي خيال رکو'''. <Font - size=3> '''تعاون''' </Font - size> * '''وڪيپيڊيا جي ڪنھن بہ صفحي جي سڄي پاسي ڳوليو جو خانو نظر ايندو آھي. جنھن موضوع تي مضمون ٺاھڻ چاھيو تہ ڳوليو جي خاني ۾ لکو، ۽ ڳوليو تي ٽڙڪ ڪريو'''. <inputbox>type=search</inputbox> * '''توھان جي موضوع سان ملندڙ جلندڙ صفحا نظر ايندا. اھو اطمينان ڪرڻ کان پوء تہ توھان جي گهربل موضوع تي پھريان کان مضمون موجود ناھي، توھان نئون صفحو ٺاھي سگھو ٿا واضع هجي تہ ھڪ موضوع تي ھڪ کان وڌيڪ مضمون ٺاھڻ جي اجازت ناھي. توھان ھيٺ ڏنل خانو بہ استعمال ڪري سگھو ٿا'''. <inputbox>type=create</inputbox> * '''لکڻ کان پهرئين ھن ڳالھ جو يقين ڪريو تہ جنھن عنوان تي توھان لکي رھيا آھيو ان تي يا ان سان ملندڙ عنوانن تي وڪي ۾ ڪوئي مضمون نہ ھجي. ان جي لاء توھان ڳوليو جي خاني ۾ عنوان ۽ ان جا هم معنيٰ لفظ (اهڙا لفظ جن جي معني هڪ هجي) لکي ڳولا ڪريو'''.</center> |} -- توھان جي مدد جي لاء ھر وقت حاضر، اوهان جو خادم --[[واپرائيندڙ:KaleemBot|KaleemBot]] ([[واپرائيندڙ بحث:KaleemBot|ڳالھ]]) 13:49, 2 اپريل 2021 (UTC) mtn4ljm83hgdc8yc456n5vdtraxlnz6 14 71071 377466 232203 2026-05-14T15:31:58Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377466 wikitext text/x-wiki افغانستان جا ماڻهو [[زمرو:افغانستان]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ملڪ]] 32kybv7cck5h1pf6f0jx0do2lomvxn9 14 77100 377468 291805 2026-05-14T15:33:37Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377468 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:افغان لوڪ]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خیبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] tmum9inf1sje3pqzqwa4w3y5rh8avps 377472 377468 2026-05-14T15:40:46Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:افغان لوڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 0waalghlh0xoesn4od0sa5t6e6jvixa 14 79516 377462 368665 2026-05-14T15:24:31Z Memon2025 21315 377462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] rb73pjrvps1zqtj8g6ip27ott91jshs 377463 377462 2026-05-14T15:27:16Z Memon2025 21315 377463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] 0p7y4voli4uosdrx9w2u8oa5zvnp6nf 377475 377463 2026-05-14T15:42:48Z Memon2025 21315 صفحو خالي ڪري ڇڏيو 377475 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 14 79520 377488 325874 2026-05-14T16:11:54Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] fvko05mepxt5s4cbzbx01uvzzc1amvn 377490 377488 2026-05-14T16:14:34Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] tij48qi9xr66yhzam47rifiqu93wi2z 14 81896 377502 369074 2026-05-14T17:32:39Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377502 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اسلامي ادب]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ دلچسپي]] tsg11wep3jqk48y0dypy2bv30uocs8d 14 83642 377476 343128 2026-05-14T15:44:44Z Memon2025 21315 377476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌ جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] 5yh7dvtl46mkmkirggkpjz89dvprrnz 828 90762 377575 357584 2026-05-14T22:31:03Z Intisar Ali 8681 377575 Scribunto text/plain local mRedirectHatnote = require('Module:Redirect hatnote') local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local p = {} -- fallback disambiguate (ڇو ته ڪجهه وڪين جي Module:Hatnote ۾ disambiguate موجود ناهي) local function disambiguate(titleText) if not titleText or titleText == '' then return nil end -- جيڪڏهن اهو اڳ ئي وضاحتي صفحي وانگر لڳي، ته صرف لنڪ ڏيو if mw.ustring.find(titleText, '%(disambiguation%)', 1, false) then return string.format('[[%s]]', titleText) end -- معياري وضاحتي لنڪ ٺاهيو (انگريزي نالي وارو طريقو عام درآمد ٿيل روايت آهي) return string.format('[[%s (disambiguation)|%s]]', titleText, titleText) end function p.redirectMulti(frame) local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) -- maxArg هٿ سان حاصل ڪريو ڇو ته getArgs ۽ table.maxn گڏ سٺو ڪم نٿا ڪن local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- ريڊائريڪٽن جو تعداد حاصل ڪريو، پوءِ ان کي args ٽيبل مان هٽايو local numRedirects = tonumber(args[1]) or 1 -- دليلن کي هٿ سان هيٺ منتقل ڪريو؛ table.remove استعمال نه ڪيو ويو آهي -- ڇو ته getArgs ڪجهه پيچيده آهي for i = 2, maxArg + 1 do args[i - 1] = args[i] end -- جيڪڏهن ريڊائريڪٽن کان پوءِ ڪي به دليل موجود نه هجن، ته ڊفالٽ سيٽ شامل ڪريو if maxArg - 2 <= numRedirects then for i = 1, numRedirects do args[numRedirects + (2 * i)] = args[i] and disambiguate(args[i]) -- هي آخري شيءِ کان پوءِ به "and" شامل ڪري ٿو، پر اهو نظرانداز ڪيو ويندو args[numRedirects + (2 * i) + 1] = 'and' end end local options = { selfref = args.selfref } return mRedirectHatnote._redirect(args, numRedirects, options) end return p 9gttj00mfquetpa2la7b49l2oxhhrti 0 91524 377593 360008 2026-05-15T07:56:01Z CommonsDelinker 103 Removing [[:c:File:KAPTAI_LAKE.jpg|KAPTAI_LAKE.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 7 May 2026. 377593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = چٽاگانگ ڊويزن | native_name = চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ<br>(چٽوگرام ڊويزن) | official_name = Chittagong Division | settlement_type = بنگلاديش جو ڊويزن | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | image1 = Chittagong Port.jpg | caption1 = چٽاگانگ جي بندرگاهه | image2 = Views from Sajek. (30138121283).jpg | caption2 = ساجيڪ وادي | image3 = | caption3 = ڪپٽائي ڍنڍ | image4 = Boga Lake (6843119656).jpg | caption4 = بوگا ڍنڍ | image5 = Jinapara , bandarban , Bangladesh.jpg | caption5 = بندرابن ٻيلو | image6 = Sunset at Saint Martin.jpg | caption6 = سينٽ مارٽن ٻيٽ | image7 = Himchari field.jpg | caption7 = همچاري قومي پارڪ | image8 = Pink sky at sea beach.jpg | caption8 = ٽيڪناف بيچ }} | image_caption = | image_seal = | image_map = {{switcher|[[File:Chattogram in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|[[بنگلاديش]] ۾ چٽاگانگ ڊويزن |[[File:Chattogram Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|چٽاگانگ ڊويزن جا ضلعا}} | coor_pinpoint = 949 | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[ملڪ]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | established_title = قائم ٿيو | established_date = 1829ع | seat_type = [[راڄڌاني]] ۽ [[شهر|سڀ کان وڏو شهر]] | seat = [[چٽاگانگ|چٽاگانگ شهر]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = | leader_party = | leader_title = ڊويزنل ڪمشنر | leader_name = [https://www.chittagongdiv.gov.bd/bn/site/view/officer_list Muhammad Ziauddin] | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 34,529.97 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 33202357 (Enumerated) | population_as_of = [[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]] | population_footnotes = <ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 11180333 | population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="census2022"/> | population_rural = 22016799 | population_rural_footnotes = <ref name="census2022"/> | population_metro = 3,670,740 | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = [[Official language]] | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="census2022"/> | population_blank1_title = Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/> | demographics_type2 = Religion (2022) | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b432a7e5-8b4d-4dac-a76c-a9be4e85828c|script-title=bn:বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো|website=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = [[Religion in Bangladesh|Religion]] | demographics2_info1 = {{Collapsible list | 90.11% [[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]] | 6.61% [[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]] | 2.92% [[Buddhism in Bangladesh|Buddhism]] | 0.22% [[Christianity in Bangladesh|Christians]] | 0.14% [[Religion in Bangladesh|other]] }} | population_blank1 = 34178612 | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]] | utc_offset1 = +6 | iso_code = BD-B | blank_info_sec2 = 11 | blank1_name_sec2 = [[Sub-Districts of Bangladesh|Sub-Districts]] | blank1_info_sec2 = 103 | website = {{URL|www.chittagongdiv.gov.bd/}} | footnotes = | blank_name_sec1 = Notable sport teams | blank_info_sec1 = [[Chattogram Challengers]], [[Chittagong Division cricket team|Chittagong Division Cricket Team]], [[Abahani Limited (Chittagong)|Chittagong Abahani]], [[Comilla Victorians]], [[Noakhali Express]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|Districts]] }} '''چٽگانگ ڊويزن''' (<small>[[انگريزي ٻولي|انگريزي]]</small>: <small>Chittagong Division</small>؛ [[بنگالي ٻولي|<small>بنگالي</small>]]: <small>চট্টগ্রাম বিভাগ</small>)، سرڪاري طور تي '''چٽوگرام ڊويزن'''، جاگرافيائي طور تي [[بنگلاديش]] جي اٺ انتظامي ڊويزنن مان سڀ کان وڏو آهي. اهو ملڪ جي ڏکڻ اوڀر وارن علائقن تي پکڙيل آهي، جن جي ڪل ايراضي <small>34,530</small> چورس ڪلوميٽر (<small>13,332</small> چورس ميل) آهي ۽ سال <small>2022ع</small> جي مردم شماري مطابق ڊويزن جي آبادي <small>3,32,02,326</small> هئي، جنهن ان کي بنگلاديش جو ٻيو نمبر سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو ڊويزن ۽ دنيا ۾، [[آبادي جي لحاظ کان ملڪن ۽ تابعدار رياستن جي فهرست|43 ٻين ملڪن کان سواءِ سڀني]] کان وڌيڪ آبادي وارو، 45هين سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي واري پهرين سطح جي ذيلي قومي ورهاست بڻايو. چٽاگانگ ڊويزن جو ڪاڪس بازار دنيا جو سڀ کان ڊگهو قدرتي سامونڊي ڪنارو آهي؛<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19340259|title=Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar: A paradise being lost?|last=Ethirajan|first=Anbarasan|date=26 December 2012|work=[[BBC World]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614004354/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19340259|archive-date=14 June 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLvU9lroRuUC&pg=PA679|title=The Europa World Year Book 2003|date=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-227-5|pages=679}}</ref> انهي سان گڏ سينٽ مارٽن ٻيٽ، بنگلاديش جو واحد مرجاني چٽان وارو جزيرو پڻ ڊويزن جي حدن ۾ اچي ٿو. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:چٽاگانگ ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] so0n702oht9izeoqjn70l808dpk6qir 828 93462 377585 365897 2026-05-14T23:24:05Z Intisar Ali 8681 377585 Scribunto text/plain --- مثال ماڊيول. -- @module example -- @alias p local p = {} -- وڪيپيڊيا تي سڀ Lua ماڊيول هڪ variable بيان ڪرڻ سان شروع ٿيڻ گهرجن، -- جيڪو انهن جون ٻاهران رسائي لائق فنڪشنون رکندو. -- اهڙن variables کي توهان پنهنجي مرضي جو ڪو به نالو ڏئي سگهو ٿا، -- ۽ انهن ۾ فنڪشنن سان گڏ مختلف data به رکي سگهجي ٿي. --- Hello world فنڪشن -- @param {table} frame موجوده frame -- @return Hello world p.hello = function( frame ) -- "p" ۾ هڪ فنڪشن شامل ڪريو. -- اهڙيون فنڪشنون وڪيپيڊيا ۾ -- #invoke command ذريعي سڏي سگهجن ٿيون. -- "frame" ۾ اها data هوندي جيڪا وڪيپيڊيا -- هن فنڪشن کي هلڻ وقت موڪليندي آهي. -- 'Hello' توهان جي مرضي جو نالو آهي. ماڊيول استعمال ڪرڻ وقت ساڳئي نالي جو حوالو ڏيڻ ضروري آهي. local str = "Hello World!" -- هڪ local variable بيان ڪريو ۽ ان کي -- "Hello World!" جي برابر رکو. return str -- هي اسان کي ٻڌائي ٿو ته هن فنڪشن کي ختم ڪيو وڃي ۽ -- "str" ۾ موجود معلومات وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن واپس موڪلي وڃي. end -- فنڪشن "hello" جي پڄاڻي --- Hello world فنڪشن -- @param {table} frame موجوده frame -- @param {string} frame.args[1] نالو -- @return Hello world function p.hello_to(frame) -- ٻيو فنڪشن شامل ڪريو local name = frame.args[1] -- ماڊيول ڏانهن موڪليل arguments تائين رسائي لاءِ `frame.args` استعمال ڪريو -- `frame.args[1]` پهرئين unnamed parameter ڏانهن اشارو ڪري ٿو، -- جيڪو ماڊيول کي ڏنو ويو هجي return "Hello, " .. name .. "!" -- `..` strings کي ڳنڍي ٿو. هي ڏنل نالي مطابق -- customized greeting واپس ڪندو، جهڙوڪ "Hello, Fred!" end --- ميون جي ڳڻپ -- @param {table} frame موجوده frame -- @param {string} frame.args.bananas ڪيلن جو تعداد -- @param {string} frame.args.apples صوفن جو تعداد -- @return صوفن ۽ ڪيلن جو تعداد function p.count_fruit(frame) local num_bananas = tonumber(frame.args.bananas) or 0 -- Named arguments ({{#invoke:Example|count_fruit|foo=bar}}) local num_apples = tonumber(frame.args.apples) or 0 -- کي پڻ `frame.args` کي نالي سان index ڪري حاصل ڪيو ويندو آهي (`frame.args["bananas"]`, -- يا برابر طور `frame.args.bananas`). local conj_bananas = num_bananas == 1 and 'banana' or 'bananas' local conj_apples = num_apples == 1 and 'apple' or 'apples' -- Ternary operators شرط جي بنياد تي compact طريقي سان قيمتون assign ڪن ٿا. -- هتي `conj_bananas` کي `'banana'` ملندو جيڪڏهن `num_bananas` 1 هجي، ٻي صورت ۾ `'bananas'`. -- ساڳي طرح، `conj_apples` کي `'apple'` ملندو جيڪڏهن `num_apples` 1 هجي، ٻي صورت ۾ `'apples'`. return 'I have ' .. num_bananas .. ' ' .. conj_bananas .. ' and ' .. num_apples .. ' ' .. conj_apples -- مٿي وانگر، ڪيترن strings کي گڏ ڳنڍي -- ڏنل arguments جي بنياد تي هڪ جملو ٺاهيو وڃي ٿو. end --- Lucky فنڪشن -- @param {string} a -- @param {string} b -- @return ڇا a خوش قسمت آهي. local function lucky(a, b) -- استعمال لاءِ custom functions بيان ڪري سگهجن ٿيون. هتي اسان 'lucky' نالي فنڪشن بيان ڪريون ٿا جنهن ۾ ٻه inputs a ۽ b آهن. نالا توهان جي مرضي جا آهن. if b == 'yeah' then -- شرط: جيڪڏهن b string 'yeah' هجي. Strings لاءِ quotes ضروري آهن. 'then' شامل ڪرڻ ياد رکو. return a .. ' is my lucky number.' -- جيڪڏهن مٿين شرط پوري ٿئي ته 'a is my lucky number.' output ٿيندو. String concatenation operator ٻن dots سان ڏيکاربو آهي. else -- جيڪڏهن ڪا شرط پوري نه ٿئي، يعني جيڪڏهن b ڪجهه ٻيو هجي، ته ايندڙ سٽ تي بيان ڪيل output ڏيو. 'else' سان 'then' نه ايندو. return a -- صرف a output ڪريو. end -- 'if' حصو 'end' سان ختم ٿيڻ گهرجي. end -- جيئن 'function' به ختم ٿيڻ گهرجي. --- Name2 -- @param {table} frame موجوده frame -- @return ڪجهه output function p.Name2(frame) -- ايندڙ پنج سٽون گهڻو ڪري صرف سهولت لاءِ آهن ۽ توهان جي ماڊيول ۾ جيئن آهن تيئن استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿيون. Output conditions line 50 کان شروع ٿين ٿيون. local pf = frame:getParent().args -- هي سٽ template parameters کي هن code ۾ آساني سان استعمال ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿي. Equal sign variables بيان ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿئي ٿو. 'pf' کي توهان پنهنجي مرضي جي لفظ سان بدلائي سگهو ٿا. local f = frame.args -- هي سٽ {{#invoke:}} مان parameters آساني سان استعمال ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿي. 'f' کي توهان پنهنجي مرضي جي لفظ سان بدلائي سگهو ٿا. local M = f[1] or pf[1] -- f[1] ۽ pf[1]، جيڪي اسان تازو بيان ڪيا آهن، پهرئين parameter ڏانهن اشارو ڪن ٿا. هي سٽ سهولت لاءِ انهن کي 'M' طور مختصر ڪري ٿي. توهان اصل variable names استعمال ڪري سگهو ٿا. local m = f[2] or pf[2] -- ٻئي کي 'm' طور مختصر ڪيو ويو آهي. local l = f.lucky or pf.lucky -- named parameter 'lucky' کي l طور مختصر ڪيو ويو آهي. نوٽ ڪريو ته syntax unnamed parameters کان مختلف آهي. if m == nil then -- جيڪڏهن ٻيو parameter استعمال نه ڪيو ويو هجي. return 'Lonely' -- جيڪڏهن پهرين شرط پوري ٿئي ته string 'Lonely' output ٿيندو. elseif M > m then -- جيڪڏهن پهرين شرط پوري نه ٿئي، ته هي سٽ ٻي شرط test ڪري ٿي: جيڪڏهن M، m کان وڏو هجي. return lucky(M - m, l) -- جيڪڏهن شرط پوري ٿئي، ته فرق calculate ڪري self defined function ڏانهن l سان گڏ موڪليو وڃي ٿو. Output ان تي دارومدار رکي ٿو ته l 'yeah' طور مقرر آهي يا نه. else return 'Be positive!' end end return p -- سڀ ماڊيول آخر ۾ اهو variable واپس ڪري ختم ٿين ٿا جنهن ۾ انهن جون فنڪشنون وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن هونديون آهن. -- هاڻي اسان هن ماڊيول کي {{#invoke: Example | hello }}, -- {{#invoke: Example | hello_to | foo }}، يا {{#invoke:Example|count_fruit|bananas=5|apples=6}} سان سڏي استعمال ڪري سگهون ٿا. -- نوٽ ڪريو ته invoke جو پهريون حصو ماڊيول جي وڪي صفحي جو نالو آهي، -- ۽ ٻيو حصو ان فنڪشن جو نالو آهي جيڪا توهان جي واپس ڪيل -- variable سان ڳنڍيل آهي. -- "print" فنڪشن وڪيپيڊيا ۾ اجازت يافته ناهي. سڀ output -- strings جي صورت ۾ وڪيپيڊيا ڏانهن "return" ڪرڻ سان حاصل ٿيندو آهي. 2r94m5w4qx5gvclo8euv6u4e7ss1uod 10 93801 377544 366823 2026-05-14T21:14:06Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dablink| "{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}" جي ٻين استعمالن لاءِ ڏسو [[{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (disambiguation)}}}]].}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:سلجھائپ ۽ ٻيھر موٽائڻ وارا صفحا]] </noinclude> acg1imubdrn3t01gyf09krwitpavedp 377545 377544 2026-05-14T21:14:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{dablink| "{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}" جي ٻين استعمالن لاءِ ڏسو [[{{{2|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}} (سلجھائپ)}}}]].}}<noinclude> [[زمرو:سلجھائپ ۽ ٻيھر موٽائڻ وارا صفحا]] </noinclude> 1q7jotcaabphog3y9lhzcmaulkecn6g 377546 377545 2026-05-14T21:15:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:other uses of|otherusesof}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 394uueqmk171lwz7i1st8tw9hprorvl 377547 377546 2026-05-14T21:16:34Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:other uses of|otherusesof}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> t7867hlvpmlrdkef0onrf3qsad4tc1z 10 93803 377555 366825 2026-05-14T21:38:41Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:About-distinguish}} {{Uses Wikidata|P21|P31}} ==="''هي صفحو ... بابت آهي. هن کي ... سان نه ڀُلائجي.''"=== {{tlx|About-distinguish}} هڪ سانچو آهي جيڪو ٻين استعمالن جي نشاندهي لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي جڏهن ڪنهن ٻئي موضوع سان ڀُلجڻ جو امڪان هجي. * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1|PAGE2}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1|PAGE2}} * {{tlx|about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1<nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki>DISPLAY-TEXT|PAGE2#SECTION|PAGE3}} → {{about-distinguish|USE1|PAGE1{{!}}DISPLAY-TEXT|PAGE2#SECTION|PAGE3}} جيڪڏهن ڪسٽم متن گهربل هجي ته {{tl|about-distinguish2}} استعمال ڪريو: * {{tlx|about-distinguish-text|USE1|TEXT}} → {{about-distinguish2|USE1|TEXT}} جيڪڏهن صفحي جي Wikidata شيءَ ۾ "instance of human" خاصيت هجي، ته سانچو "It is not to be confused with" ۾ "It" جي بدران وڌيڪ مناسب ضمير استعمال ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو، جيڪو "sex or gender" خاصيت جي بنياد تي طئي ٿيندو. {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:Hatnote templates]] }}</includeonly> <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "استعمال (هي صفحو ڪنهن بابت آهي)", "description": "هي متن 'هي صفحو ... بابت آهي' ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "PAGE1", "description": "'هن کي [[PAGE1]] سان نه ڀُلائجي' واري متن ۾ ڏيکارڻ لاءِ پهريون صفحو. صفحي جو نالو (۽ سيڪشن) داخل ڪريو", "example": "PAGE1", "type": "wiki-page-name", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "PAGE2", "description": "ٻيو موضوع جنهن سان هن صفحي جي موضوع کي نه ڀُلائجي", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "4": { "label": "PAGE3", "description": "ٽيون موضوع جنهن سان هن صفحي جي موضوع کي نه ڀُلائجي", "type": "wiki-page-name" } }, "description": "سانچو ٻين استعمالن جي نشاندهي لاءِ جڏهن ڪنهن ٻئي موضوع سان ڀُلجڻ جو امڪان هجي. جيڪڏهن لنڪن بدران ڪسٽم متن وارو نسخو گهربل هجي ته Template:about-distinguish-text ڏسو", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> 1la5moibzxumb0azn5il1cdwkc8w4wy 14 94394 377461 368647 2026-05-14T15:23:57Z Memon2025 21315 377461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خیبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] l5i3xrra6zo1pxornhy8ehzozv3djx1 377464 377461 2026-05-14T15:28:03Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خیبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] gfoioir720o7wxhbf6m6gb7w7x2te6q 377470 377464 2026-05-14T15:37:37Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] 0p7y4voli4uosdrx9w2u8oa5zvnp6nf 377471 377470 2026-05-14T15:38:09Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377471 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] kcl33d3dt6kq4sl31468k4p2vxx34of 377474 377471 2026-05-14T15:42:23Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] nmks3unld7dllgt8dgkyem6sj4ate7h 377477 377474 2026-05-14T15:45:41Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:خيبر پختونخوا جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] lqx6r1hjnkh3ojtxr14hzl0331k6s9q 14 94461 377498 369119 2026-05-14T17:29:03Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[[زمرو:ڪتابون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڪتابون]] 5tsanbosykvwfgg19txqhcco4q6ihyx 377499 377498 2026-05-14T17:29:18Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:ڪتابون]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڪتابون]] 2qbxmju2m2iqiu0m1eukvv4pb62akch 377500 377499 2026-05-14T17:29:37Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377500 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڪتاب]] qzlhrwph5pcg6h3pnv9jp38uau3hcti 377501 377500 2026-05-14T17:30:48Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377501 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سنڌي ادب]] [[زمرو:سنڌي ڪتاب]] [[زمرو:ڪتاب بلحاظ ٻولي]] 7wtfiovbw2xgq9336feexr0rkxmqob7 10 94952 377559 371496 2026-05-14T21:50:47Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377559 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو[[سانچو:Uses Wikidata]] agt0ev03fgjt0v9l7qh64obig703yj6 10 94955 377561 371501 2026-05-14T21:53:59Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل جڳهه تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي رکو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Side box|ماڊيول:Uses Wikidata}} هي سانچو ڪنهن ٻئي سانچي يا ماڊيول جي دستاويز ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو، اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته اهو سانچو يا ماڊيول [[وڪيڊيٽا]] جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو، جيڪڏهن اهي موجود هجن. __NOTOC__ == استعمال == === معياري استعمال === <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|''P1''|''P2''|''P3''...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ''P1'', ''P2'', ''P3'' وغيره کي اصل خاصيت نمبرن سان مٽايو – "P" سميت. ضرورت مطابق هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتون ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون. === سيڪشن لنڪ === جيڪڏهن دستاويز ۾ ڪو سيڪشن موجود هجي جيڪو استعمال ٿيل Wikidata خاصيتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو، ته [[Help:section link|سيڪشن لنڪ]] پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|section=''سيڪشن جو نالو''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == مثال == هڪ خاصيت لاءِ (مثال طور [[d:Property:P496]]): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P496}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P496|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻين خاصيتن لاءِ: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻيون خاصيتون پڻ ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|3=P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P222}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P150|nocat=yes}} }} جيڪڏهن خاصيتون ڪنهن سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيل هجن (مثال طور <code><nowiki>===Using Wikidata===</nowiki></code>): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata|nocat=yes}} }} == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == هيٺيان زمرا هن سانچي ذريعي پاڻمرادو شامل ٿين ٿا: * {{clc|Templates using data from Wikidata}} * {{clc|Modules using data from Wikidata}} == مددگار سانچا ۽ ماڊيول == * {{tl|Sister project}}، جيڪو {{ml|Side box|main}} ذريعي {{tl|Side box}} استعمال ڪري ٿو * {{ml|Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}} * {{tl|Template other}} * {{tl|Module other}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Wikidata property}} * {{tl|Wikidata editnotice}}، انهن مضمونن لاءِ جيڪي گهڻو ڪري Wikidata مان ڊيٽا وٺن ٿا * {{tl|Tracks Wikidata}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا Wikidata تي --> [[زمرو:Wikidata سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪن ٿا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي Wikidata مان ڊيٽا استعمال ڪن ٿا|*]] }}</includeonly> nm34gcj8309m4tvzby3aucb0kj9fn54 377562 377561 2026-05-14T21:54:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 377562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل جڳهه تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي رکو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Side box|ماڊيول:Uses Wikidata}} هي سانچو ڪنهن ٻئي سانچي يا ماڊيول جي دستاويز ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو، اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته اهو سانچو يا ماڊيول [[وڪيڊيٽا]] جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو، جيڪڏهن اهي موجود هجن. __NOTOC__ == استعمال == === معياري استعمال === <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|''P1''|''P2''|''P3''...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ''P1'', ''P2'', ''P3'' وغيره کي اصل خاصيت نمبرن سان مٽايو – "P" سميت. ضرورت مطابق هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتون ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون. === سيڪشن لنڪ === جيڪڏهن دستاويز ۾ ڪو سيڪشن موجود هجي جيڪو استعمال ٿيل وڪيڊيٽا خاصيتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو، ته [[مدد:سيڪشن لنڪ|سيڪشن لنڪ]] پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|section=''سيڪشن جو نالو''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == مثال == هڪ خاصيت لاءِ (مثال طور [[d:Property:P496]]): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P496}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P496|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻين خاصيتن لاءِ: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻيون خاصيتون پڻ ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|3=P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P222}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P150|nocat=yes}} }} جيڪڏهن خاصيتون ڪنهن سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيل هجن (مثال طور <code><nowiki>===Using Wikidata===</nowiki></code>): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata|nocat=yes}} }} == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == هيٺيان زمرا هن سانچي ذريعي پاڻمرادو شامل ٿين ٿا: * {{clc|Templates using data from Wikidata}} * {{clc|Modules using data from Wikidata}} == مددگار سانچا ۽ ماڊيول == * {{tl|Sister project}}، جيڪو {{ml|Side box|main}} ذريعي {{tl|Side box}} استعمال ڪري ٿو * {{ml|Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}} * {{tl|Template other}} * {{tl|Module other}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Wikidata property}} * {{tl|Wikidata editnotice}}، انهن مضمونن لاءِ جيڪي گهڻو ڪري Wikidata مان ڊيٽا وٺن ٿا * {{tl|Tracks Wikidata}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا Wikidata تي --> [[زمرو:Wikidata سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪن ٿا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي Wikidata مان ڊيٽا استعمال ڪن ٿا|*]] }}</includeonly> hzpyue1eq4jjlv3jd2afoapzv0gmehq 377563 377562 2026-05-14T21:55:24Z Intisar Ali 8681 377563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هيٺ ڏنل جڳهه تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا وڪيڊيٽا تي رکو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Side box|ماڊيول:Uses Wikidata}} هي سانچو ڪنهن ٻئي سانچي يا ماڊيول جي دستاويز ۾ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو، اهو ڏيکارڻ لاءِ ته اهو سانچو يا ماڊيول [[وڪيڊيٽا]] جي هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتن کي استعمال ڪري ٿو، جيڪڏهن اهي موجود هجن. __NOTOC__ == استعمال == === معياري استعمال === <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|''P1''|''P2''|''P3''...<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ''P1'', ''P2'', ''P3'' وغيره کي اصل خاصيت نمبرن سان مٽايو – "P" سميت. ضرورت مطابق هڪ يا وڌيڪ خاصيتون ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون. === سيڪشن لنڪ === جيڪڏهن دستاويز ۾ ڪو سيڪشن موجود هجي جيڪو استعمال ٿيل وڪيڊيٽا خاصيتن جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو، ته [[مدد:سيڪشن لنڪ|سيڪشن لنڪ]] پڻ ڏئي سگهجي ٿو: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>Uses Wikidata|section=''سيڪشن جو نالو''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> == مثال == هڪ خاصيت لاءِ (مثال طور [[d:Property:P496]]): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P496}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P496|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻين خاصيتن لاءِ: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|P10|P20|P30|nocat=yes}} }} گهڻيون خاصيتون پڻ ڏئي سگهجن ٿيون: {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|3=P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P222}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|1=P10|2=P20|P30|4=P40|5=P50|6=P101|7=P150|nocat=yes}} }} جيڪڏهن خاصيتون ڪنهن سيڪشن ۾ بيان ڪيل هجن (مثال طور <code><nowiki>===Using Wikidata===</nowiki></code>): {{markup |<nowiki>{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata}}</nowiki> |{{Uses Wikidata|section=Using Wikidata|nocat=yes}} }} == ٽريڪنگ زمرا == هيٺيان زمرا هن سانچي ذريعي پاڻمرادو شامل ٿين ٿا: * {{clc|Templates using data from Wikidata}} * {{clc|Modules using data from Wikidata}} == مددگار سانچا ۽ ماڊيول == * {{tl|Sister project}}، جيڪو {{ml|Side box|main}} ذريعي {{tl|Side box}} استعمال ڪري ٿو * {{ml|Uses Wikidata|usesProperty}} * {{tl|Template other}} * {{tl|Module other}} == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Wikidata property}} * {{tl|Wikidata editnotice}}، انهن مضمونن لاءِ جيڪي گهڻو ڪري Wikidata مان ڊيٽا وٺن ٿا * {{tl|Tracks Wikidata}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هيٺ شامل ڪريو، بين-وڪي ڳانڍاپا Wikidata تي --> [[زمرو:Wikidata سانچا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي ٽريڪنگ زمرو شامل ڪن ٿا]] [[زمرو:سانچا جيڪي وڪيڊيٽا مان ڊيٽا استعمال ڪن ٿا|*]] }}</includeonly> 1l3k35sziqmneemyflr4id5t6c8cb0b 10 95137 377570 372343 2026-05-14T22:17:12Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* */ 377570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tsh|-r}} {{Template:Confused|Template:R}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{expensive}} {{High-risk}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Redirect}} == استعمال == هي سانچو اهڙو سولو طريقو مهيا ڪري ٿو جنهن سان ڪنهن ريڊائريڪٽ صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڪري سگهجي ٿو بغير ان ريڊائريڪٽ کي فالو ڪرڻ جي. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{no redirect|page name|label}}</syntaxhighlight> هي ٻه بغير نالي وارا پيراميٽر قبول ڪري ٿو: * 1= (ضروري) جنهن صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڪرڻو آهي ان جو نالو۔ * 2= (اختياري) ڏيکارڻ لاءِ متن۔ جيڪڏهن هي نه ڏنو وڃي ته پهرئين پيراميٽر جو متن استعمال ٿيندو۔ === مثال === هي لکڻ بدران: * <code><nowiki>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silence_of_the_Sea&redirect=no ''The Silence of the Sea'']</nowiki></code> ** جيڪو ڏيکاري ٿو [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silence_of_the_Sea&redirect=no ''The Silence of the Sea''] ايڊيٽر هي لکي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>''{{No redirect|The Silence of the Sea}}''</nowiki></code> يا '''<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:No_redirect&hidelinks=1&hidetrans=1 متبادل]</span>''' پڻ استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>''{{-r|The Silence of the Sea}}''</nowiki></code> اهي ٻئي طريقا يوزر کي سڌو ساڳئي ريڊائريڪٽ صفحي تي وٺي ويندا ۽ ان جو نالو نيري لنڪ طور ڏيکاريندا (متبادل استعمال ڪندي): ''{{-r|The Silence of the Sea}}''. ٻيو پيراميٽر (label) خاص طور تي ٽاڪ صفحن ۾ ڪارآمد آهي۔ مثال: * <code><nowiki>{{-r|The Silence of the Sea|هي ريڊائريڪٽ}}</nowiki></code> جيڪو اهڙي جملي ۾ اچي سگهي ٿو: "حوالو لاءِ ڏسو {{-r|The Silence of the Sea|هي ريڊائريڪٽ}}." جيڪڏهن پهرئين پيراميٽر ۾ ڏنل نالي جو صفحو موجود نه هجي، ته هي سانچو عام صفحن وانگر ڳاڙهو لنڪ ٺاهيندو: * <code><nowiki>{{-r|Bill Clinton (nickname)}}</nowiki></code> ڏيکاريندو {{-r|Bill Clinton (nickname)}} ۽ جيڪڏهن صفحو ريڊائريڪٽ نه هجي ته عام لنڪ ڏيکاريندو: * <code><nowiki>{{-r|Bill Clinton}}</nowiki></code> ڏيکاريندو {{-r|Bill Clinton}} == سانچي جي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "صفحي جو نالو", "description": "جنهن صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڪرڻو آهي", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ليبل", "description": "ڏيکارڻ لاءِ متن۔ جيڪڏهن خالي هجي ته صفحي جو نالو استعمال ٿيندو۔", "type": "string" } }, "description": "هي سانچو ريڊائريڪٽ صفحي ڏانهن لنڪ ڪرڻ لاءِ آسان طريقو فراهم ڪري ٿو بغير ان کي فالو ڪرڻ جي۔" } </templatedata> == پڻ ڏسو == * {{tl|Template link no redirect}} * {{tl|Redirect?}} * {{tl|no redirect}}, {{tlf|-r}} * {{tl|redirect}} &mdash; هٽ نوٽ "''Foo'' هتي ريڊائريڪٽ ٿئي ٿو ..." * {{tl|is redirect}} &mdash; yes يا خالي واپس ڪري ٿو * [[Wikipedia:Redirect]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:اندروني لنڪ سانچا]] [[زمرو:ريڊائريڪٽ سانچا| No redirect]] [[زمرو:ريڊائريڪٽ فارميٽنگ سانچا| No redirect]] }}</includeonly> cnf4xok52t49jwt98488okkrjvzczic 828 95247 377533 372987 2026-05-14T20:30:15Z Intisar Ali 8681 377533 Scribunto text/plain local mHatnote = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote') local p = {} -- ڪلاسن جي key-based جدول کي استعمال لائق ڪلاس فهرست ۾ گڏ ڪري ٿو function collateClassList (listTable) local list = {} for k, v in pairs(listTable) do if v and type(k) == "string" then table.insert(list, k) end end return table.concat(list, " ") end -- parent frame مان هڪڙو آرگومينٽ گذاري ٿو function p.group (frame) return p._group(frame:getParent().args[1], frame:getParent().args.category) end function p._group (inputText, category) -- جيڪڏهن ڪو error عنصر هجي، ته آسان error حل لاءِ هر شيءِ بنا تبديلي جي گذاري ڇڏي ٿو if string.find(inputText, '<%a- class="error"', 1, true) then return inputText end -- وڏي پيماني تي ٻيهر استعمال ٿيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ ڊيٽا capture pattern local hatnotePattern = '(<div role="note" class="' .. string.gsub(mHatnote.defaultClasses(false), "%-", "%%-") .. '%s?(.-)">(.-)</div>)' -- هيٽ نوٽ divs ۽ "loose" زمرا capture ڪريو؛ باقي هر شيءِ نظرانداز ڪئي ويندي local rawDivs = {} local looseCategories = '' for x in string.gmatch(inputText, hatnotePattern) do table.insert(rawDivs, x) end for x in string.gmatch(inputText, '%[%[Category:.-%]%]') do looseCategories = looseCategories .. x end -- جيڪڏهن اندروني هيٽ نوٽس نه هجن، ته error واپس ڪريو if not rawDivs[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'ڪو به اندروني هيٽ نوٽ معلوم نه ٿيو', 'Template:Hatnote group', category ) end -- divs کي strings ۽ classes ۾ اڳواٽ process ڪريو local innerHatnotes = {} for k, v in pairs(rawDivs) do row = {} row.text = string.gsub(v, hatnotePattern, '%3') -- هتي اسان ڪلاس نالا keys طور مقرر ڪريون ٿا ته جيئن پوءِ intersection آسان ٿئي row.classes = {} for m, w in ipairs( mw.text.split( string.gsub(v, hatnotePattern, '%2'), ' ', true ) ) do row.classes[mw.text.trim(w)] = true end table.insert(innerHatnotes, row) end -- ڪنهن به universal classes جي سڃاڻپ ڪريو ("hatnote" اڳ ۾ omission سبب نظرانداز ٿيل آهي) local universalClasses = {} -- پهرين classes جدول کي clone ڪريو ته جيئن reference بدران value ذريعي passing لازمي ٿئي for k, v in pairs(innerHatnotes[1].classes) do universalClasses[k] = v end for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do for m, w in pairs(universalClasses) do universalClasses[m] = (universalClasses[m] and v.classes[m]) end end -- div items مان universal classes هٽايو، پوءِ هر row لاءِ class strings ٺاهيو for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do for m, w in pairs(v.classes) do if universalClasses[m] then v.classes[m] = nil end end v.classString = collateClassList(v.classes) end -- div items کي classed span items ۾ process ڪريو local innerSpans = {} for k, v in ipairs(innerHatnotes) do table.insert( innerSpans, tostring( mw.html.create("span") :addClass(v.classString ~= '' and v.classString or nil) :wikitext(v.text) ) ) end -- spans ۽ زمرا concatenate ڪريو، ۽ هڪڙي هيٽ نوٽ طور wrap ڪري واپس ڪريو local outputText = table.concat(innerSpans, " ") .. looseCategories local hnOptions = {extraclasses = collateClassList(universalClasses)} return mHatnote._hatnote(outputText, hnOptions) end return p 4cgul18cnshu79i41a2lq6ty3w4ohq7 0 96165 377511 376231 2026-05-14T18:20:26Z Memon2025 21315 /* تاريخ */ 377511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Pakistani Islamic bank based in Karachi}} {{Infobox company | name = ميزان بينڪ<br> Meezan Bank | logo = Meezan Bank logo.png | image = Meezan Bank Head office, Karachi (cropped).jpg | image_caption = [[ڪراچي]] ۾ ميزان بينڪ جو صدر دفتر | type = عوامي (Public) | traded_as = بطور MEBL<br />ڪي ايس اي 100 انڊيڪس جو جزو <br />ڪي ايس اي 30 انڊيڪس جو جزو | foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1997|01|27}} | location = [[ڪراچي]]-75700، [[پاڪستان]] | num_locations = 1,051<ref name="AR2023">{{cite web|title=Meezan Bank Annual Report 2023|url=https://www.meezanbank.com/wp-content/themes/mbl/downloads/annualreport2023.pdf|website=meezanbank.com|access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 | key_people = {{ubl|رياض ايس اي اي ادريس (چيئرمين)|ڊاڪٽر سيد امير علي (سي اي او)}} | products = قرض، ڊيبٽ ڪارڊ، بچت، صارف بينڪنگ، ڪاروباري بينڪنگ، پريميئم بينڪنگ | industry = اسلامي بينڪنگ | revenue = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|315.91|b}}<ref name="AR2024">{{cite web|title=Meezan Bank Annual Report 2024|url=https://www.meezanbank.com/wp-content/themes/mbl/downloads/annualreport2024.pdf|website=meezanbank.com|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref> | revenue_year = 2024 | operating_income = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|222.08|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | income_year = 2024 | net_income = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|101.50|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | net_income_year = 2024 | assets = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|3.90|t}}<ref name=AR2024/> | assets_year = 2024 | equity = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|246.98|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | equity_year = 2024 | num_employees = 18,653<ref name=AR2024/> | num_employees_year = 2024 | owner = {{ubl|نور فنانشل انويسٽمينٽ (%35.22)|پاڪستان ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (%29.97)|اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ (9.31%)}} | parent = | subsid = ميزان ايڪسچينج ڪمپني (%100) <br />الميزان انويسٽمينٽ مئنيجمينٽ (%65) | homepage = {{URL|meezanbank.com}} }} '''ميزان بينڪ لميٽيڊ''' (Meezan Bank Limited) پاڪستان جو هڪ بينڪ آهي، جنهن جو هيڊ ڪوارٽر ڪراچي ۾ آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Everington |first=John |date=2023-10-30 |title=The rise and rise of Islamic banking in Pakistan |url=https://www.thebanker.com/The-rise-and-rise-of-Islamic-banking-in-Pakistan-1698660687 |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=[[The Banker]]}}</ref> هي پاڪستان ۾ سڀ کان وڏو اسلامي بينڪ آهي ۽ مارڪيٽ سرمائيداري جي بنياد تي پڻ سڀ کان وڏو بينڪ آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-01-06 |title=Meezan Bank set to benefit from the government's expansion of Islamic debt issuance |url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/06/01/meezan-bank-set-to-benefit-from-the-governments-expansion-of-islamic-debt-issuance/ |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=Profit by Pakistan Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6161c462-550f-482d-b364-d4be6a7e6359 |title=Meezan Bank's soaring shares herald rise of Islamic finance in Pakistan |first=Humza |last=Jilani |date=October 27, 2024 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> ==تاريخ== ميزان بينڪ 1997 ۾ هڪ اسلامي سيڙپڪاري بينڪ جي طور تي قائم ڪئي وئي هئي. نور فنانشل، پاڪ ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني ۽ اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ پاران. ان وقت ان کي الميزان انويسٽمينٽ بينڪ جي نالي سان سڃاتو ويندو هو. 2000 ۾ ميزان بينڪ ڪراچي اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج ۾ لسٽ ڪئي وئي. 2002 ۾. ميزان بينڪ سوسائٽي جنرل جي پاڪستان آپريشنز حاصل ڪئي. 2002 کان پنهنجي شروعاتي سالن ۾. ميزان بينڪ کي پاڪستان ۾ قبوليت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ چئلينجن جو سامنا هو. اسلامي بينڪنگ سان ناواقفيت جي ڪري. ۽ ان جي سخت قرض جي جاچ. ان تي قابو پائڻ لاءِ. ميزان مذهبي مسلمانن کان جمع ڪرايا. ۽ ايس ايم ايز کي قرض فراهم ڪرڻ تي ڌيان ڏنو. انهن ۾ شامل آهن جيڪي اڳ ۾ مذهبي سببن جي ڪري روايتي بينڪنگ کان پاسو ڪندا هئا. ان کي هڪ محروم طبقي جي خدمت ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏني. 2013 ۾ نور فنانشل پنهنجي 49.1 سيڪڙو (قيمت 190 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر) جي پوري حصي کي برٽش ورجن ٻيٽ تي ٻڌل ڪمپني کي وِزن فنانشل هولڊنگز نالي وِزن فنانشل هولڊنگز کي وڪڻڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي. پر ان کي اسٽيٽ بينڪ آف پاڪستان طرفان بلاڪ ڪيو ويو. مئي 2014 ۾ ميزان بينڪ HSBC بينڪ مڊل ايسٽ جي پاڪستاني آپريشنز کي حاصل ڪرڻ تي اتفاق ڪيو. جنهن ۾ 10 مقامي شاخون ۽ 75 ملٽي نيشنل ڪارپوريٽ ڪلائنٽس تائين رسائي شامل هئي. هڪ سال بعد. ميزان بينڪ HSBC عمان جي پاڪستان آپريشنز کي حاصل ڪيو. جنهن ۾ هڪ شاخ شامل هئي. مارچ 2019 ۾ نور فنانشل 34.3 ملين ميزان بينڪ جا حصا ادارتي سيڙپڪارن کي 20.92 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر ۾ وڪرو ڪيا. اڳ ۾. نور فنانشل 2018 ۾ ڪيترائي ڀيرا پنهنجو حصو ورهايو. ==منافعو== ميزان بينڪ لميٽيڊ 31 مارچ 2025 تي ختم ٿيندڙ ٽه ماهي لاءِ پنهنجا گڏيل عبوري مالي نتيجا رپورٽ ڪيا. 22.42 بلين رپيا جو منافعو ڏيکاريندي. گذريل سال ساڳئي عرصي ۾ 25.08 بلين رپين کان 10.61٪ سال جي ڀيٽ ۾ (سال جي لحاظ کان) گهٽتائي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو. ==بنيادي بينڪنگ سسٽم== ميزان بينڪ (پاڪستان ۾ سڀ کان وڏو اسلامي بينڪ) پنهنجي ڪور بينڪنگ سسٽم کي اپ گريڊ ڪيو آهي. ٽيمينوز جو ٽي 24. 16 جاري ڪرڻ لاءِ. ==شيئر هولڊنگ پيٽرن== * نور فنانشل انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (35.25 سيڪڙو) * پاڪ ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (30 سيڪڙو) * اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ (9.32 سيڪڙو) ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==بائبليوگرافي== ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:ميزان بينڪ]] [[زمرو:بئنڪ]] [[زمرو:مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نجي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ڪويت-پاڪستان لاڳاپا]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي ۾ قائم ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا اسلامي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج]] [[زمرو:1997 ۾ قائم ٿيل پاڪستاني ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:1997 ۾ قائم ٿيل بينڪون]] [[زمرو:2000 شروعاتي عوامي آڇون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج ۾ درج ٿيل ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ڪي ايس اي 100 انڊيڪس ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا اسلامي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:ڪويت-پاڪستان لاڳاپا]] [[زمرو:پرڏيهي ڪمپنين جون پاڪستاني ماتحت ڪمپنيون]] e5w76j5w6xfg4xutop5grzrvxjlujly 377512 377511 2026-05-14T18:23:00Z Memon2025 21315 377512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Pakistani Islamic bank based in Karachi}} {{Infobox company | name = ميزان بينڪ<br> Meezan Bank | logo = Meezan Bank logo.png | image = Meezan Bank Head office, Karachi (cropped).jpg | image_caption = [[ڪراچي]] ۾ ميزان بينڪ جو صدر دفتر | type = عوامي (Public) | traded_as = بطور MEBL<br />ڪي ايس اي 100 انڊيڪس جو جزو <br />ڪي ايس اي 30 انڊيڪس جو جزو | foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1997|01|27}} | location = [[ڪراچي]]-75700، [[پاڪستان]] | num_locations = 1,051<ref name="AR2023">{{cite web|title=Meezan Bank Annual Report 2023|url=https://www.meezanbank.com/wp-content/themes/mbl/downloads/annualreport2023.pdf|website=meezanbank.com|access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2024 | key_people = {{ubl|رياض ايس اي اي ادريس (چيئرمين)|ڊاڪٽر سيد امير علي (سي اي او)}} | products = قرض، ڊيبٽ ڪارڊ، بچت، صارف بينڪنگ، ڪاروباري بينڪنگ، پريميئم بينڪنگ | industry = اسلامي بينڪنگ | revenue = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|315.91|b}}<ref name="AR2024">{{cite web|title=Meezan Bank Annual Report 2024|url=https://www.meezanbank.com/wp-content/themes/mbl/downloads/annualreport2024.pdf|website=meezanbank.com|access-date=6 October 2025}}</ref> | revenue_year = 2024 | operating_income = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|222.08|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | income_year = 2024 | net_income = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|101.50|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | net_income_year = 2024 | assets = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|3.90|t}}<ref name=AR2024/> | assets_year = 2024 | equity = {{Increase}} {{PKRConvert|246.98|b}}<ref name=AR2024/> | equity_year = 2024 | num_employees = 18,653<ref name=AR2024/> | num_employees_year = 2024 | owner = {{ubl|نور فنانشل انويسٽمينٽ (%35.22)|پاڪستان ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (%29.97)|اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ (9.31%)}} | parent = | subsid = ميزان ايڪسچينج ڪمپني (%100) <br />الميزان انويسٽمينٽ مئنيجمينٽ (%65) | homepage = {{URL|meezanbank.com}} }} '''ميزان بينڪ لميٽيڊ''' (Meezan Bank Limited) پاڪستان جو هڪ بينڪ آهي، جنهن جو هيڊ ڪوارٽر ڪراچي ۾ آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Everington |first=John |date=2023-10-30 |title=The rise and rise of Islamic banking in Pakistan |url=https://www.thebanker.com/The-rise-and-rise-of-Islamic-banking-in-Pakistan-1698660687 |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=[[The Banker]]}}</ref> هي پاڪستان ۾ سڀ کان وڏو اسلامي بينڪ آهي ۽ مارڪيٽ سرمائيداري جي بنياد تي پڻ سڀ کان وڏو بينڪ آهي.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-01-06 |title=Meezan Bank set to benefit from the government's expansion of Islamic debt issuance |url=https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/06/01/meezan-bank-set-to-benefit-from-the-governments-expansion-of-islamic-debt-issuance/ |access-date=2025-09-25 |website=Profit by Pakistan Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6161c462-550f-482d-b364-d4be6a7e6359 |title=Meezan Bank's soaring shares herald rise of Islamic finance in Pakistan |first=Humza |last=Jilani |date=October 27, 2024 |website=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> ==تاريخ== ميزان بينڪ 1997 ۾ هڪ اسلامي سيڙپڪاري بينڪ جي طور تي قائم ڪئي وئي هئي. نور فنانشل، پاڪ ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني ۽ اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ پاران. ان وقت ان کي الميزان انويسٽمينٽ بينڪ جي نالي سان سڃاتو ويندو هو. 2000 ۾ ميزان بينڪ ڪراچي اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج ۾ لسٽ ڪئي وئي. 2002 ۾. ميزان بينڪ سوسائٽي جنرل جي پاڪستان آپريشنز حاصل ڪئي. 2002 کان پنهنجي شروعاتي سالن ۾. ميزان بينڪ کي پاڪستان ۾ قبوليت حاصل ڪرڻ ۾ چئلينجن جو سامنا هو. اسلامي بينڪنگ سان ناواقفيت جي ڪري. ۽ ان جي سخت قرض جي جاچ. ان تي قابو پائڻ لاءِ. ميزان مذهبي مسلمانن کان جمع ڪرايا. ۽ ايس ايم ايز کي قرض فراهم ڪرڻ تي ڌيان ڏنو. انهن ۾ شامل آهن جيڪي اڳ ۾ مذهبي سببن جي ڪري روايتي بينڪنگ کان پاسو ڪندا هئا. ان کي هڪ محروم طبقي جي خدمت ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏني. 2013 ۾ نور فنانشل پنهنجي 49.1 سيڪڙو (قيمت 190 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر) جي پوري حصي کي برٽش ورجن ٻيٽ تي ٻڌل ڪمپني کي وِزن فنانشل هولڊنگز نالي وِزن فنانشل هولڊنگز کي وڪڻڻ جي ڪوشش ڪئي. پر ان کي اسٽيٽ بينڪ آف پاڪستان طرفان بلاڪ ڪيو ويو. مئي 2014 ۾ ميزان بينڪ HSBC بينڪ مڊل ايسٽ جي پاڪستاني آپريشنز کي حاصل ڪرڻ تي اتفاق ڪيو. جنهن ۾ 10 مقامي شاخون ۽ 75 ملٽي نيشنل ڪارپوريٽ ڪلائنٽس تائين رسائي شامل هئي. هڪ سال بعد. ميزان بينڪ HSBC عمان جي پاڪستان آپريشنز کي حاصل ڪيو. جنهن ۾ هڪ شاخ شامل هئي. مارچ 2019 ۾ نور فنانشل 34.3 ملين ميزان بينڪ جا حصا ادارتي سيڙپڪارن کي 20.92 ملين آمريڪي ڊالر ۾ وڪرو ڪيا. اڳ ۾. نور فنانشل 2018 ۾ ڪيترائي ڀيرا پنهنجو حصو ورهايو. ==منافعو== ميزان بينڪ لميٽيڊ 31 مارچ 2025 تي ختم ٿيندڙ ٽه ماهي لاءِ پنهنجا گڏيل عبوري مالي نتيجا رپورٽ ڪيا. 22.42 بلين رپيا جو منافعو ڏيکاريندي. گذريل سال ساڳئي عرصي ۾ 25.08 بلين رپين کان 10.61٪ سال جي ڀيٽ ۾ (سال جي لحاظ کان) گهٽتائي کي ظاهر ڪري ٿو. ==بنيادي بينڪنگ سسٽم== ميزان بينڪ (پاڪستان ۾ سڀ کان وڏو اسلامي بينڪ) پنهنجي ڪور بينڪنگ سسٽم کي اپ گريڊ ڪيو آهي. ٽيمينوز جو ٽي 24. 16 جاري ڪرڻ لاءِ. ==شيئر هولڊنگ پيٽرن== * نور فنانشل انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (35.25 سيڪڙو) * پاڪ ڪويت انويسٽمينٽ ڪمپني (30 سيڪڙو) * اسلامڪ ڊولپمينٽ بينڪ (9.32 سيڪڙو) ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==بائبليوگرافي== ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== * {{Cite journal|last1=Gul Rashid|first1=Amber|last2=Usmani|first2=Obaid|last3=Ejaz|first3=Lalarukh|last4=Faraz|first4=Hasan|date=2017-01-01|title=Meezan Bank: category leader in Islamic banking|url=https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMCS-11-2016-0213|journal=Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies|volume=7|issue=4|pages=1–23|doi=10.1108/EEMCS-11-2016-0213|issn=2045-0621|url-access=subscription}} {{Portal|Banks}} {{Banking in Pakistan}} {{KSE 100}} {{KSE 30}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:ميزان بينڪ]] [[زمرو:بئنڪ]] [[زمرو:مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نجي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ مالياتي ادارا]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ڪويت-پاڪستان لاڳاپا]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي ۾ قائم ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا اسلامي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج]] [[زمرو:ڪراچي اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج]] [[زمرو:1997 ۾ قائم ٿيل پاڪستاني ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:1997 ۾ قائم ٿيل بينڪون]] [[زمرو:2000 شروعاتي عوامي آڇون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان اسٽاڪ ايڪسچينج ۾ درج ٿيل ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:ڪي ايس اي 100 انڊيڪس ۾ ڪمپنيون]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان جا اسلامي بينڪ]] [[زمرو:ڪويت-پاڪستان لاڳاپا]] [[زمرو:پرڏيهي ڪمپنين جون پاڪستاني ماتحت ڪمپنيون]] onzx19srzxzl87iajlifd944if8n5gx 0 96277 377526 377327 2026-05-14T19:42:07Z Ibne maryam 17680 377526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox subdivision type |name=بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون<br>বাংলাদেশের বিভাগ <br>(بنگلاديشير بيڀاگ)<br>Divisions of Bangladesh |map= |image-width= |category=[[وحداني رياست]] |territory={{پرچم|بنگلاديش}} |current_number=8 ڊويزن |population_range={{ubl|وڏو: 39,675,000 ([[ڍاڪا ڊويزن|ڍاڪا]])|ننڍو: 83,31,000 ([[باڙيشال ڊويزن| باڙيشال]])}} |area_range={{ubl|وڏو: {{Convert|33908.55|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[چٽاگانگ ڊويزن|چٽاگانگ]])|ننڍو: {{Convert|10584.06|sqkm|abbr=on}} ([[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|مئيمن سنگهه]])}} |government=ڊويزنل ڪميشن |government1=ايڊمنسٽريٽر |government2=ڊويزنل ڪمشنر |subdivision=[[ضلعو|ضلعا]]}} [[File:Bangladesh divisions empty.png|thumb|بنگلاديش جو ڊويزنن کي ڏيکاريندڙ نقشو]] ڊويزنون [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ پهرين سطح جون [[انتظامي ورھاست]] آهن. سال 2024ع تائين، [[بنگلاديش]] جا اٺ ڊويزن آهن، هر هڪ جو نالو ان جي دائري اختيار ۾ موجود وڏي شهر جي نالي تي رکيو ويو آهي جيڪو ان ڊويزن جي انتظامي سيٽ طور پڻ ڪم ڪري ٿو. هر ڊويزن ڪيترن ئي ضلعن ۾ ورهايل آهي جيڪا وڌيڪ ذيلي ضلعن (اپازيلا)، پوءِ يونين ڪائونسلن ۾ ورهايل آهن. ==تاريخ== سال 1971ع ۾ بنگلاديش جي آزادي کان پوءِ، ملڪ ۾ چار ڊويزنون هيون: چٽگانگ، ڍاڪا، کُلنا ۽ راجشاهي ڊويزن. سال 1982ع ۾ ڍاڪا ڊويزن جي انگريزي اسپيلنگ، "Dacca" کي (گادي واري شهر جي نالي سان گڏ) کي "Dhaka" ۾ تبديل ڪيو ويو ته جيئن بنگالي تلفظ سان وڌيڪ ويجهڙائي سان ملي سگهي. سال 1993ع ۾، باريسال ڊويزن کي کُلنا ڊويزن کان ۽ سال 1995ع ۾ سلهٽ ڊويزن کي چٽگانگ ڊويزن کان ورهايو ويو. 25 جنوري 2010ع تي رنگپور ڊويزن کي راجشاهي ڊويزن کان ورهايو ويو. 14 سيپٽمبر 2015ع تي ميمن سنگهه ڊويزن کي ڍاڪا ڊويزن کان ورهايو ويو ۽ اٺين ڊويزن طور شامل ڪيو ويو. سال 2015ع ۾ عمل ٻه وڌيڪ ڊويزنون: ڪوميلا ۽ فريدپور ڊويزن، ٺاهڻ شروع ڪيو. آڪٽوبر 2021ع ۾، هن وقت جي وزيراعظم شيخ حسينه ڪوميلا ۽ فريدپور ڊويزن جي جڳهن تي ٻن نئين دريائن جي نالي وارا ڊويزنن، ميگھنا ۽ پدما جي قيام جو اعلان ڪيو. بهرحال، انهن نالن کي بعد ۾ رد ڪيو ويو. ==ڊويزنل ڪمشنر== ڊويزنل ڪمشنر هڪ ڊويزن جو انتظامي سربراهه هوندو آهي. ڊويزنل ڪمشنر کي حڪومت طرفان بنگلاديش سول سروس (BCS) ايڊمنسٽريشن ڪيڊر جي هڪ ايڊيشنل سيڪريٽري سطح جي آفيسر مان مقرر ڪيو ويندو آهي. ڊويزنل ڪمشنر جي آفيس جو ڪردار ڊويزن ۾ واقع سڀني سرڪاري آفيسن (مرڪزي سرڪاري آفيسن کانسواءِ) جي نگران سربراهه طور ڪم ڪرڻ آهي. هڪ ڊويزنل ڪمشنر کي ڊويزن جي آمدني ۽ ترقي جي انتظاميه جي نگراني جي سڌي ذميواري ڏني وئي آهي. ڊويزنل ڪمشنر کي ڪيترن ئي ايڊيشنل ڊويزنل ڪمشنرن، سينئر اسسٽنٽ ڪمشنر ۽ ٻين بيوروڪريٽڪ آفيسرن جي مدد حاصل هوندي آهي. ==ڊويزنن جي فهرست== هيٺ ڏنل جدول بنگلاديش جي اٺ ڊويزنن بابت ڪجهه اهم انگ اکر بيان ڪري ٿو. جيئن ته سال 2011ع جي بنگلاديش بيورو آف اسٽيٽسٽڪس (<small>B.B.S.</small>) پاران ڪيل آبادي ۽ هائوسنگ مردم شماري ۾ مليو. {| class="wikitable sortable defaultleft col2center col5center col7right col8right col9right col10right col11right sticky-header static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash sticky-header-multi" |- ! rowspan="2" | ڊويزن ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |نقشو ! rowspan="2" | آء ايس او ڪوڊ ! rowspan="2" | گادي جو هنڌ ! rowspan="2" | سال ! colspan="3" class="unsortable" |Subdivisions ! rowspan="2" | پکيڙ (km²)<ref name="bbs" /> ! rowspan="2" | آبادي (2022)<ref name="bbs">{{cite web|title=Population & Housing Census 2022: Preliminary Report |url=https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf#page=7.07 |url-status=live |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518052555/https://sid.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/sid.portal.gov.bd/publications/01ad1ffe_cfef_4811_af97_594b6c64d7c3/PHC_Preliminary_Report_(English)_August_2022.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2025 |access-date=5 December 2025}}</ref> ! rowspan="2" |گهاٽائي (ابادي/<br />km²) (2022)<ref name="bbs" /> |- !ضلعا !اپ-ضلعا (تحصيلون) ! يونين ڪائونسلون |- |'''[[باڙيشال ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Barishal in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-A | باريسال شهر | 1993 | '''ضلعا: 6''' <small>بارگونا، باريشال، ڀولا، جھالوڪاٺي، پتواکالي، فيروجپور</small> | 42 | 352 | 13,225.20 | 9,100,102 | 688 |- |'''[[چٽاگانگ ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Chattogram in Bangladesh.svg|101x101px]] | BD-B | چٽاگانگ شهر | 1829 | '''ضلعا: 11''' <small>بندربن، برهمن باڙيه، چاندپور، چٽاگانگ، ڪوميلا، ڪاڪس بازار، فيني، کاگراڇري، لڪشمي پور، نوآکالي، رانگامتي</small> | 104 | 949 | 33,908.55 | 33,202,326 | 979 |- |'''[[ڍاڪا ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Dhaka in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-C | '''[[ڍاڪا|ڍاڪا شهر]]''' | 1829 | '''ضلعا: 13''' <small>ڍاڪا، فريد پور، غازي پور، گوپال گنج، ڪشور گنج، مداري پور، مانڪ گنج، منشي گنج، نارائن گنج، نرسنگدي، راجباري، شريعت پور، ٽنگيل.</small> | 90 | 885 | 20,593.74 | 44,215,107 | 2,147 |- |'''[[کلنا ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Khulna in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-D | کلنا شهر | 1960 | '''ضلعا: 10''' <small>باگرهاٽ، چواڊنگا، جئشور، جنيداه، کلنا، ڪشتيا، ماگورا، مهرپور، نارايل، ستکيرا</small> | 59 | 571 | 22,284.22 | 17,416,645 | 782 |- |'''[[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Mymensingh in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-H | [[مئيمن سنگهه|'''ميمن سنگهه شهر''']] | 2015 | '''ضلعا: 4''' <small>جمالپور، ميمن سنگهه، نيتروڪونا، شيرپور</small> | 35 | 351 | 10,584.06 | 12,225,498 | 1,155 |- |'''[[راجشاهي ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Rajshahi in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-E |راجشاهي شهر | 1829 | '''ضلعا: 8''' <small>بوگرا، جوئيپور هاٽ، نوگاون، نٽور، چاپائي نواب گنج، پبنا، راجشاهي، سراج گنج</small> | 67 | 565 | 18,153.08 | 20,353,119 | 1,121 |- |'''[[رنگپور ڊويزن]]''' |[[File:Rangpur in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-F | رنگپور شهر | 2010 | '''ضلعا: 8''' <small>ديناج پور، گائيبانڌا، ڪُريگرام، لال مونير ھاٽ، نلفاماري، پنچاگڙھه، رنگپور، ٺاڪرگاون</small> | 58 | 535 | 16,184.99 | 17,610,956 | 1,088 |- |[[سلهٽ ڊويزن|'''سلھٽ ڊويزن''']] |[[File:Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg|102x102px]] | BD-G | سلھٽ شهر | 1996 | '''ضلعا: 4''' <small>هوبي گنج، مولوي بازار، سونام گنج، سلهٽ</small> | 40 | 338 | 12,635.22 | 11,034,863 | 873 |- class="sortbottom" ! style="text-align:right;" |[[Bangladesh|بنگلاديش]] ! style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Bangladesh divisions empty.png|103x103px]] ! style="text-align:left;" | BD ! style="text-align:left;" | ڍاڪا ! style="text-align:rcenter;" |1971 ! style="text-align:right;" | 64 ! style="text-align:right;" | 495 ! style="text-align:right;" | 4,546 ! style="text-align:right;" | 147,569 ! style="text-align:right;" | 165,158,616 ! style="text-align:right;" | 1,119 |} ==تجويز ڪيل ڊويزنون== ==بنگلاديش انتظامي ڊويزنن جو ارتقا== ==پڻ ڏسو== * بنگلاديش ۾ سياحت * بنگلاديش جي ثقافت * ISO 3166 ڪوڊ * بنگلاديش جا ڳوٺ * بنگلاديش ۾ شهرن ۽ قصبن جي فهرست * بنگلاديش ۾ آثار قديمه جي ماڳن جي فهرست * بنگلاديش ۾ عالمي ورثي جي ماڳن جي فهرست * انساني ترقي جي انڊيڪس جي لحاظ کان بنگلاديش جي علائقن جي فهرست ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش سان لاڳاپيل فهرستون]] [[زمرو:فهرستون]] [[زمرو:ملڪ جي لحاظ کان پهرين سطح جي انتظامي ورهاست]] 6vbwg06xk6tnuk4gds3xd50iqnhmifz 14 96594 377441 377439 2026-05-14T14:44:18Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] 02zjxfvbab5mo47bchihoklvjvocfkm 14 96595 377445 2026-05-14T14:50:48Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 377445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:پنجاب، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] 8edioc9wfslkgfh3kj2vryr4sc2q3tf 14 96596 377449 2026-05-14T14:59:23Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت)]] 377449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:گجرات (ڀارت)]] 041qf746k9aolcj2wxv9crug4o4yvp7 377451 377449 2026-05-14T15:06:47Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:گجرات رياست]] hpyyaj6s2wmvaxu0285lgxl3n0mflnd 377453 377451 2026-05-14T15:08:38Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:گجرات رياست]] [[زمرو:گجرات رياست]] 1x6tq4a56tjydu7froll206hbokd1al 14 96597 377454 2026-05-14T15:09:06Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] 377454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڀارتي ماڻهو]] cj7g5bmcbl5v0p8dbec3xmxtb6c9zn0 14 96598 377480 2026-05-14T15:55:17Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] 377480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] 6l21qtfgu6xjtkec6cxm7zxkeizboq3 377482 377480 2026-05-14T15:57:20Z Memon2025 21315 377482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ پاڪستان جي انتظامي ورھاست]] 4bolcsfjirbn0kklos1sfii9xdmqvo7 14 96599 377481 2026-05-14T15:56:02Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] 377481 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جي ثقافت]] 8m6yc5pasql3fhiuhrrj5j980f8mc1a 14 96600 377485 2026-05-14T16:03:38Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو: ٻولي]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] 377485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو: ٻولي]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان]] [[زمرو:پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] ejzc2i9lnwjept6nhwhuwm6p6gf5q6k 377486 377485 2026-05-14T16:07:11Z Memon2025 21315 /* */ 377486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:براهوي ٻولي]] [[زمرو:پاڪستاني ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:ماڻھو بلحاظ ٻولي]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان جا ماڻهو]] [[زمرو:بلوچستان، پاڪستان ۾ نسلي گروهه]] i9mwoczix4hcwjax5lpa2bybbmbb6m7 14 96601 377509 2026-05-14T17:44:49Z Memon2025 21315 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ٻولي]] [[زمرو:نثر بلحاظ صنف]] 377509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ٻولي]] [[زمرو:نثر بلحاظ صنف]] i94r3cqmgjl8y22stwwqxtal1w93lfp 0 96602 377513 2026-05-14T18:41:00Z Ibne maryam 17680 صفحي "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352843095|Rajshahi Division]]" جي شروعاتي ڀاڱي جو ترجمو ڪندي سرجيو ويو 377513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=راجشاهي ڊويزن|native_name=রাজশাহী বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn<!-- ISO 639-2 code -->|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]|other_name=واريندرا|nickname=Land of [[Zamindar]]s|image_seal=|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo4a = পাহাড়পুর সোমপুর বিহার.jpg | photo2b = ছোট সোনা মসজিদ - চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ.jpg | photo2a = Gokul Medh, Bogra, September 2016 10.jpg | photo3a = Uttara Ganabhaban Natore.jpg | photo3b = Sunrise view at Jamuna.jpg | photo1a = Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant , Ruppur, Pabna.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|image_alt=|image_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant]], [[Choto Sona Mosque]], [[Jamuna Bridge]], [[Somapura Mahavihara]] & [[Hardinge Bridge]], [[Uttara Ganabhaban]] and [[Gokul Medh]]|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rajshahi in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rajshahi Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rajshahi Division}}|map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|25|00|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|established_title=Established|established_date=1829|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rajshahi]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=A.N.M. Bazlur Rashid<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |title=Rajshahi Division |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>|leader_title1=Deputy Inspector General (DIG)|leader_name1=Mohammad Shahjahan|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rajshahi Division|39 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric<!-- or US or UK -->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=18174.4|area_note=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_total=20353116 (Enumerated)|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=20794019|population_demonym=|population_density_km2=|population_urban=4840396|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=15511404|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=553,241|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title3={{nobold| [[Minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=7 January 2024}}</ref> |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Koda language|Koda]] |[[Maithili language|Maithili]] |[[Malto language|Paharia]] |[[Kol language (Bangladesh)|Kol]] |[[Urdu]]}}|demographics1_title2=Recognised foreign language|demographics1_info2=[[English language|English]]|population_note=|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|iso_code=BD-E|website={{URL|rajshahidiv.gov.bd/}}|footnotes=|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2023)|blank_info_sec1=0.700<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref><br />{{color|#00FF00|high}}|official_name=Rajshahi Division<br> راجشاهي بيڀاگ}} <references /> '''راجشاهي ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: {{langx|bn|রাজশাহী বিভাগ}}، راجشاهي بيڀاگ) [[بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون|بنگلاديش جي اٺن پهرين سطح جي انتظامي ڊويزنن]] مان هڪ آهي. ان جي ايراضي 18174 چورس ڪلوميٽر (7017 چورس ميل) آهي ۽ سال 2022ع جي مردم شماري موجب آبادي 2,03,53,119 آهي. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|quote=9 February 2016|archivedate=4 April 2022}}</ref> راجشاهي ڊويزن 8 ضلعن، 70 اپوزيلي (تعلقي وانگر، اڳيون هيٺيون انتظامي درجو) ۽ 1,092 يونينون (سڀ کان گهٽ انتظامي درجو) تي مشتمل آهي. هي علائقو تاريخي طور تي مختلف جاگيردار راجائن، نوابن، مهاراجائن ۽ زميندارن جي تسلط ۾ رهيو آهي. اڳ ۾ 16 ضلعن تي مشتمل، سال 2010ع جي شروعات ۾ پراڻي راجشاهي ڊويزن جي 8 اترين ضلعن سان گڏ هڪ نئون ڊويزن، رنگپور ڊويزن ٺاهيو ويو. liq41b3z18uwbukzyciuuc3xdy90f4e 377514 377513 2026-05-14T18:42:07Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377514 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=راجشاهي ڊويزن|native_name=রাজশাহী বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn<!-- ISO 639-2 code -->|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]|other_name=واريندرا|nickname=Land of [[Zamindar]]s|image_seal=|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo4a = পাহাড়পুর সোমপুর বিহার.jpg | photo2b = ছোট সোনা মসজিদ - চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ.jpg | photo2a = Gokul Medh, Bogra, September 2016 10.jpg | photo3a = Uttara Ganabhaban Natore.jpg | photo3b = Sunrise view at Jamuna.jpg | photo1a = Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant , Ruppur, Pabna.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|image_alt=|image_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant]], [[Choto Sona Mosque]], [[Jamuna Bridge]], [[Somapura Mahavihara]] & [[Hardinge Bridge]], [[Uttara Ganabhaban]] and [[Gokul Medh]]|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rajshahi in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rajshahi Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rajshahi Division}}|map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|25|00|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|established_title=Established|established_date=1829|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rajshahi]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=A.N.M. Bazlur Rashid<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |title=Rajshahi Division |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>|leader_title1=Deputy Inspector General (DIG)|leader_name1=Mohammad Shahjahan|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rajshahi Division|39 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric<!-- or US or UK -->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=18174.4|area_note=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_total=20353116 (Enumerated)|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=20794019|population_demonym=|population_density_km2=|population_urban=4840396|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=15511404|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=553,241|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title3={{nobold| [[Minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=7 January 2024}}</ref> |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Koda language|Koda]] |[[Maithili language|Maithili]] |[[Malto language|Paharia]] |[[Kol language (Bangladesh)|Kol]] |[[Urdu]]}}|demographics1_title2=Recognised foreign language|demographics1_info2=[[English language|English]]|population_note=|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|iso_code=BD-E|website={{URL|rajshahidiv.gov.bd/}}|footnotes=|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2023)|blank_info_sec1=0.700<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref><br />{{color|#00FF00|high}}|official_name=Rajshahi Division<br> راجشاهي بيڀاگ}} <references /> '''راجشاهي ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: {{langx|bn|রাজশাহী বিভাগ}}، راجشاهي بيڀاگ) [[بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون|بنگلاديش جي اٺن پهرين سطح جي انتظامي ڊويزنن]] مان هڪ آهي. ان جي ايراضي 18174 چورس ڪلوميٽر (7017 چورس ميل) آهي ۽ سال 2022ع جي مردم شماري موجب آبادي 2,03,53,119 آهي. <ref>{{حوالو ويب|quote=9 February 2016|archivedate=4 April 2022}}</ref> راجشاهي ڊويزن 8 ضلعن، 70 اپوزيلي (تعلقي وانگر، اڳيون هيٺيون انتظامي درجو) ۽ 1,092 يونينون (سڀ کان گهٽ انتظامي درجو) تي مشتمل آهي. هي علائقو تاريخي طور تي مختلف جاگيردار راجائن، نوابن، مهاراجائن ۽ زميندارن جي تسلط ۾ رهيو آهي. اڳ ۾ 16 ضلعن تي مشتمل، سال 2010ع جي شروعات ۾ پراڻي راجشاهي ڊويزن جي 8 اترين ضلعن سان گڏ هڪ نئون ڊويزن، رنگپور ڊويزن ٺاهيو ويو. [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] juohy7oa8po1dpjqy4ji3xrsv7l7e60 377515 377514 2026-05-14T18:46:47Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=راجشاهي ڊويزن|native_name=রাজশাহী বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn<!-- ISO 639-2 code -->|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]|other_name=واريندرا|nickname=Land of [[Zamindar]]s|image_seal=|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo4a = পাহাড়পুর সোমপুর বিহার.jpg | photo2b = ছোট সোনা মসজিদ - চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ.jpg | photo2a = Gokul Medh, Bogra, September 2016 10.jpg | photo3a = Uttara Ganabhaban Natore.jpg | photo3b = Sunrise view at Jamuna.jpg | photo1a = Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant , Ruppur, Pabna.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|image_alt=|image_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant]], [[Choto Sona Mosque]], [[Jamuna Bridge]], [[Somapura Mahavihara]] & [[Hardinge Bridge]], [[Uttara Ganabhaban]] and [[Gokul Medh]]|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rajshahi in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rajshahi Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rajshahi Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rajshahi Division}}|map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|25|00|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|established_title=Established|established_date=1829|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rajshahi]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=A.N.M. Bazlur Rashid<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |title=Rajshahi Division |access-date=1 December 2025}}</ref>|leader_title1=Deputy Inspector General (DIG)|leader_name1=Mohammad Shahjahan|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rajshahi Division|39 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric<!-- or US or UK -->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=18174.4|area_note=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_total=20353116 (Enumerated)|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=20794019|population_demonym=|population_density_km2=|population_urban=4840396|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=15511404|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=553,241|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title3={{nobold| [[Minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=7 January 2024}}</ref> |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Koda language|Koda]] |[[Maithili language|Maithili]] |[[Malto language|Paharia]] |[[Kol language (Bangladesh)|Kol]] |[[Urdu]]}}|demographics1_title2=Recognised foreign language|demographics1_info2=[[English language|English]]|population_note=|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|iso_code=BD-E|website={{URL|rajshahidiv.gov.bd/}}|footnotes=|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2023)|blank_info_sec1=0.700<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref><br />{{color|#00FF00|high}}|official_name=Rajshahi Division<br> راجشاهي بيڀاگ}} '''راجشاهي ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: রাজশাহ বিভাগ، راجشاهي بيڀاگ) [[بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون|بنگلاديش جي اٺن ڊويزنن]] مان هڪ آهي. ان جي ايراضي 18,174 چورس ڪلوميٽر (7,017 چورس ميل) آهي ۽ سال 2022ع جي مردم شماري موجب آبادي 2,03,53,119 آهي.<ref>{{حوالو ويب|quote=9 February 2016|archivedate=4 April 2022}}</ref> راجشاهي ڊويزن 8 ضلعن، 70 اپوزيلي (تعلقي وانگر، اڳيون هيٺيون انتظامي درجو) ۽ 1,092 [[يونين ڪائونسلن]] تي مشتمل آهي. هي علائقو تاريخي طور تي مختلف جاگيردار راجائن، نوابن، مهاراجائن ۽ زميندارن جي تسلط ۾ رهيو آهي. اڳ ۾ 16 ضلعن تي مشتمل، سال 2010ع جي شروعات ۾ پراڻي راجشاهي ڊويزن جي 8 اترين ضلعن کي ڌار ڪئي، هڪ نئون ڊويزن، [[رنگپور ڊويزن]] ٺاهيو ويو. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:راجشاهي ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] bgkpunnp3bt3mcb12yy4vz6wi243u7m 14 96603 377516 2026-05-14T18:47:17Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 377516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] q9r8tlla6ri6zo44guc8h8zs2y80ad5 0 96604 377517 2026-05-14T18:58:41Z Ibne maryam 17680 صفحي "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351150367|Sylhet Division]]" جي شروعاتي ڀاڱي جو ترجمو ڪندي سرجيو ويو 377517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=سلهٽ ڊويزن|native_name=Sylhet Division<br> সিলেট বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo1a = Jaflong Sylhet.jpg | photo2a = Ratargul Swamp Forest, Sylhet, Bangladesh.jpg | photo2b = Tanguar Haor o jadukata nodi.jpg | photo3a = Ali Amjad's Clock (1164).jpg | photo3b = হযরত শাহজালালের দরগাহ, সিলেট.jpg | photo4a = Beautiful Nature of Bichnakandi.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_alt=|image_seal=|seal_alt=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|etymology=|nickname=''Srihatta, Sribhumi, Jalalabad, Land of 360 [[Wali|Awliya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://metrosylhet.judiciary.gov.bd/en/menu/page/history-of-district-judiciary |title=Judiciary Sylhet Metropolitan}}</ref>|motto=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Sylhet Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Sylhet Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Sylhet Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Jaflong]], [[Tanguar Haor]], [[Shah Jalal Dargah]], [[Bichnakandi]], [[Ali Amjad's Clock]] and [[Ratargul Swamp Forest]]|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_alt=|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_label_position=|coordinates={{coord|24|30|N|91|40|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date={{Start date and age|1995|8|1|df=y}}|established_title1=Previously was|established_date1=Part of [[Assam Province#Administration|Surma Valley Division]] (1874–1947) and [[Chittagong Division#History|Chittagong Division]] (1947–1995)|founder=|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Sylhet]]|parts_type=[[Districts of Bangladesh#List of districts|Districts]]|parts_style=coll,para|parts={{nobold|4}}|p1={{Ubl|[[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]]|[[Sylhet District|Sylhet]]|[[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]]|[[Habiganj District|Habiganj]]}}|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Local government in Bangladesh|Local governing division]] under the [[Government of Bangladesh|central government]]|governing_body=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner's Office]]|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=Khan Md. Reza-Un-Nabi<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers">{{cite web | title = Officers | url = https://sylhetdiv.gov.bd/pages/officers | website = Sylhet Division, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | publisher = Government of Bangladesh | access-date = 15 February 2026 | language = bn }}</ref>|leader_title1=Additional Divisional Commissioner|leader_name1=Ashrafur Rahman<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers"/>|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Sylhet Division|19 seats]])|leader_title3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh|Judiciary]]|leader_name3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh#District Courts|District and Sessions Judge Courts]]|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|unit_pref=Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->|area_footnotes=|area_urban_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_rural_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_metro_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_note=|area_water_percent=|area_rank=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank2_title=<!-- square kilometers -->|area_total_km2=12,298.4|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_urban_km2=|area_rural_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank2_km2=<!-- hectares -->|area_total_ha=|area_land_ha=|area_water_ha=|area_urban_ha=|area_rural_ha=|area_metro_ha=|area_blank1_ha=|area_blank2_ha=|length_km=|width_km=|dimensions_footnotes=|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |title=''Kala Pahar'' (The Highest peak of Greater Sylhet and Northern Bangladesh) |website=Wikiloc &#124; Trails of the World |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605115606/https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |url-status=live}}</ref>|elevation_m=334.67|elevation_ft=1,098|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_total=11034952 (Enumerated)|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=11415113|population_urban=2065498|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=8968558|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=532,748|population_demonym=[[Sylhetis|Sylheti]]|demographics_type1=|demographics1_title1=Literacy rate|demographics1_info1=71.92%|demographics_type2=Languages|demographics2_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics2_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Regional language]]}}|demographics2_info2=[[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]<ref name=Ethnologue>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |title=Sylheti |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725013346/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/world/usa/যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে-আঞ্চলিক-ভাষার-স্বীকৃতি-পেল-সিলেটি-ভাষা |title=যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে আঞ্চলিক ভাষার স্বীকৃতি পেল 'সিলেটি' ভাষা |last=চৌধুরী |first=ফারজানা |date=18 June 2021 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref>|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Minority language|Minority languages]]}}|demographics2_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Full list<ref>{{cite web | last = Deshwara | first = Mintu | title = Vanishing voices: Indigenous languages at risk in Sylhet | website = The Daily Star | date = 21 February 2025 | url = https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/vanishing-voices-indigenous-languages-risk-sylhet-3829966 | access-date = 11 February 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026}}</ref> |[[Bishnupriya Manipuri lect|Bishnupriya Manipuri]] |[[Hajong language|Hajong]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/633298 |title=বিলুপ্তির পথে হাজং ভাষাবৈচিত্র্য |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 February 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Janakantha]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=দেশের উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নেত্রকোনা, ময়মনসিংহ, শেরপুর, সুনামগঞ্জ ও সিলেটের আংশিক এলাকার ১০৮টি গ্রামে হাজং সম্প্রদায়ের বসবাস। }}</ref> |[[Kharia language|Kharia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/the-last-the-kharia-speakers-2048329 |title=The last of the Kharia speakers |author=Mintu Deshwara, Pinaki Roy |date=21 February 2021 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=After our death, nobody will speak this language [Kharia]. I tried to teach the language to the younger people but they do not show interest and laugh at me when I speak in Kharia.}}</ref> |[[Khasi language|Khasi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/euv7tqz26y |title=খাসি ভাষা ধরে রাখার চেষ্টায় বিদ্যালয় চালু |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক<!--Not stated--> |date=11 February 2023 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/za9378rxmn |title=বিপন্ন 'কুরুখ' ভাষা রক্ষায় নতুন উদ্যোগ |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক |date=11 December 2023 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Bonaz |author=Jengcham, Subhas}}</ref> |[[Lyngngam language|Lyngngam]] |[[Meitei language|Manipuri]] |[[Pnar language|Pnar]] |[[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |[[War language|War-Jaintia]]}}|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|timezone1_DST=|utc_offset1_DST=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh#Postal codes|3000–3399]]|area_code_type=|area_code=|area_codes=<!-- for multiple area codes -->|iso_code=[[ISO 3166-2:BD|BD-G]]|website={{URL|sylhetdiv.gov.bd}}|blank1_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)|blank1_info_sec1=0.631<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=21 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202333/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}|blank2_name_sec1=Notable sport teams|blank2_info_sec1={{ubl|[[Sylhet Titans]]|[[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division Cricket Team]]}}|blank3_name_sec1=Largest airport|blank3_info_sec1=[[Osmani International Airport]]|blank4_name_sec1=Largest train station|blank4_info_sec1=[[Sylhet railway station|Sylhet Railway Station]]|blank5_name_sec1=Largest haor|blank5_info_sec1=[[Hakaluki Haor|Hakaluki]]|blank6_name_sec1=Major river|blank6_info_sec1=[[Surma River|Surma]]|module=|footnotes=}} <references /> '''سلهٽ ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: {{langx|bn|সিলেট বিভাগ}} ، سلهٽ بيڀاگ)، بنگلاديش جي اٺ ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي.{{IPA|bn|sileʈ bibʱaɡ|pron|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-সিলেট.wav}}) اها بنگلاديش جو اوڀر اتريون ڊويزن آهي. اهو لڳ ڀڳ 12298 چورس ڪلوميٽر (4748 چورس ميل) جي ايراضي تي پکڙيل آهي ۽ اتر، اوڀر ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ ترتيب وار [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|هندستاني رياستن]] [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[تريپوره|تريپورا]] سان بين الاقوامي سرحدون شيئر ڪري ٿو، جڏهن ته اندروني طور تي اهو ڏکڻ اولهه ۾ [[چٽاگانگ ڊويزن|چٽوگرام]] ۽ اولهه ۾ [[ڍاڪا ڊويزن|ڍاڪا]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] جي ڊويزنن سان ملي ٿو. سلهٽ جو ساڳئي نالي وارو گاديءَ جو هنڌ بنگلاديش ۾ پنجون نمبر وڏو شهري مجموعو آهي. [[ھندستان جو ورھاڱو|1947 ۾ ورهاڱي]] کان اڳ، ان ۾ ڪريم گنج سب ڊويزن (هاڻي بارڪ وادي، آسام، ڀارت) پڻ شامل هو. جڏهن ته، ڪريم گنج ( [[بدرپور]]، پٿرڪنڊي ۽ رتاباري ٿاڻن سميت) کي ريڊڪلف بائونڊري ڪميشن پاران سلهٽ کان بغير ڪنهن سبب جي الڳ ڪيو ويو. نهارنجَن ري جي مطابق، اها جزوي طور تي عبدالمطلب مظومدار جي اڳواڻي ۾ هڪ وفد جي درخواست جي ڪري ڪيو ويو هو. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IciEHAAACAAJ|title=Bangalir itihas|last=Ray|first=Niharranjan|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Paschimbanga Samiti|language=bn|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> 2cagp7kz88ct9qysoqs606fu0yrt43x 377518 377517 2026-05-14T19:07:12Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=سلهٽ ڊويزن|native_name=Sylhet Division<br> সিলেট বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo1a = Jaflong Sylhet.jpg | photo2a = Ratargul Swamp Forest, Sylhet, Bangladesh.jpg | photo2b = Tanguar Haor o jadukata nodi.jpg | photo3a = Ali Amjad's Clock (1164).jpg | photo3b = হযরত শাহজালালের দরগাহ, সিলেট.jpg | photo4a = Beautiful Nature of Bichnakandi.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_alt=|image_seal=|seal_alt=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|etymology=|nickname=''Srihatta, Sribhumi, Jalalabad, Land of 360 [[Wali|Awliya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://metrosylhet.judiciary.gov.bd/en/menu/page/history-of-district-judiciary |title=Judiciary Sylhet Metropolitan}}</ref>|motto=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Sylhet Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Sylhet Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Sylhet Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Jaflong]], [[Tanguar Haor]], [[Shah Jalal Dargah]], [[Bichnakandi]], [[Ali Amjad's Clock]] and [[Ratargul Swamp Forest]]|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_alt=|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_label_position=|coordinates={{coord|24|30|N|91|40|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date={{Start date and age|1995|8|1|df=y}}|established_title1=Previously was|established_date1=Part of [[Assam Province#Administration|Surma Valley Division]] (1874–1947) and [[Chittagong Division#History|Chittagong Division]] (1947–1995)|founder=|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Sylhet]]|parts_type=[[Districts of Bangladesh#List of districts|Districts]]|parts_style=coll,para|parts={{nobold|4}}|p1={{Ubl|[[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]]|[[Sylhet District|Sylhet]]|[[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]]|[[Habiganj District|Habiganj]]}}|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Local government in Bangladesh|Local governing division]] under the [[Government of Bangladesh|central government]]|governing_body=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner's Office]]|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=Khan Md. Reza-Un-Nabi<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers">{{cite web | title = Officers | url = https://sylhetdiv.gov.bd/pages/officers | website = Sylhet Division, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | publisher = Government of Bangladesh | access-date = 15 February 2026 | language = bn }}</ref>|leader_title1=Additional Divisional Commissioner|leader_name1=Ashrafur Rahman<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers"/>|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Sylhet Division|19 seats]])|leader_title3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh|Judiciary]]|leader_name3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh#District Courts|District and Sessions Judge Courts]]|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|unit_pref=Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->|area_footnotes=|area_urban_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_rural_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_metro_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_note=|area_water_percent=|area_rank=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank2_title=<!-- square kilometers -->|area_total_km2=12,298.4|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_urban_km2=|area_rural_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank2_km2=<!-- hectares -->|area_total_ha=|area_land_ha=|area_water_ha=|area_urban_ha=|area_rural_ha=|area_metro_ha=|area_blank1_ha=|area_blank2_ha=|length_km=|width_km=|dimensions_footnotes=|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |title=''Kala Pahar'' (The Highest peak of Greater Sylhet and Northern Bangladesh) |website=Wikiloc &#124; Trails of the World |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605115606/https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |url-status=live}}</ref>|elevation_m=334.67|elevation_ft=1,098|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_total=11034952 (Enumerated)|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=11415113|population_urban=2065498|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=8968558|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=532,748|population_demonym=[[Sylhetis|Sylheti]]|demographics_type1=|demographics1_title1=Literacy rate|demographics1_info1=71.92%|demographics_type2=Languages|demographics2_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics2_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Regional language]]}}|demographics2_info2=[[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]<ref name=Ethnologue>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |title=Sylheti |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725013346/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/world/usa/যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে-আঞ্চলিক-ভাষার-স্বীকৃতি-পেল-সিলেটি-ভাষা |title=যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে আঞ্চলিক ভাষার স্বীকৃতি পেল 'সিলেটি' ভাষা |last=চৌধুরী |first=ফারজানা |date=18 June 2021 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref>|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Minority language|Minority languages]]}}|demographics2_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Full list<ref>{{cite web | last = Deshwara | first = Mintu | title = Vanishing voices: Indigenous languages at risk in Sylhet | website = The Daily Star | date = 21 February 2025 | url = https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/vanishing-voices-indigenous-languages-risk-sylhet-3829966 | access-date = 11 February 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026}}</ref> |[[Bishnupriya Manipuri lect|Bishnupriya Manipuri]] |[[Hajong language|Hajong]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/633298 |title=বিলুপ্তির পথে হাজং ভাষাবৈচিত্র্য |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 February 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Janakantha]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=দেশের উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নেত্রকোনা, ময়মনসিংহ, শেরপুর, সুনামগঞ্জ ও সিলেটের আংশিক এলাকার ১০৮টি গ্রামে হাজং সম্প্রদায়ের বসবাস। }}</ref> |[[Kharia language|Kharia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/the-last-the-kharia-speakers-2048329 |title=The last of the Kharia speakers |author=Mintu Deshwara, Pinaki Roy |date=21 February 2021 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=After our death, nobody will speak this language [Kharia]. I tried to teach the language to the younger people but they do not show interest and laugh at me when I speak in Kharia.}}</ref> |[[Khasi language|Khasi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/euv7tqz26y |title=খাসি ভাষা ধরে রাখার চেষ্টায় বিদ্যালয় চালু |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক<!--Not stated--> |date=11 February 2023 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/za9378rxmn |title=বিপন্ন 'কুরুখ' ভাষা রক্ষায় নতুন উদ্যোগ |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক |date=11 December 2023 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Bonaz |author=Jengcham, Subhas}}</ref> |[[Lyngngam language|Lyngngam]] |[[Meitei language|Manipuri]] |[[Pnar language|Pnar]] |[[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |[[War language|War-Jaintia]]}}|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|timezone1_DST=|utc_offset1_DST=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh#Postal codes|3000–3399]]|area_code_type=|area_code=|area_codes=<!-- for multiple area codes -->|iso_code=[[ISO 3166-2:BD|BD-G]]|website={{URL|sylhetdiv.gov.bd}}|blank1_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)|blank1_info_sec1=0.631<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=21 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202333/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}|blank2_name_sec1=Notable sport teams|blank2_info_sec1={{ubl|[[Sylhet Titans]]|[[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division Cricket Team]]}}|blank3_name_sec1=Largest airport|blank3_info_sec1=[[Osmani International Airport]]|blank4_name_sec1=Largest train station|blank4_info_sec1=[[Sylhet railway station|Sylhet Railway Station]]|blank5_name_sec1=Largest haor|blank5_info_sec1=[[Hakaluki Haor|Hakaluki]]|blank6_name_sec1=Major river|blank6_info_sec1=[[Surma River|Surma]]|module=|footnotes=}} <references /> '''سلهٽ ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: {{langx|bn|সিলেট বিভাগ}} ، سلهٽ بيڀاگ)، بنگلاديش جي اٺ ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي.{{IPA|bn|sileʈ bibʱaɡ|pron|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-সিলেট.wav}}) اها بنگلاديش جو اوڀر اتريون ڊويزن آهي. اهو لڳ ڀڳ 12298 چورس ڪلوميٽر (4748 چورس ميل) جي ايراضي تي پکڙيل آهي ۽ اتر، اوڀر ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ ترتيب وار [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|هندستاني رياستن]] [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[تريپوره|تريپورا]] سان بين الاقوامي سرحدون شيئر ڪري ٿو، جڏهن ته اندروني طور تي اهو ڏکڻ اولهه ۾ [[چٽاگانگ ڊويزن|چٽوگرام]] ۽ اولهه ۾ [[ڍاڪا ڊويزن|ڍاڪا]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] جي ڊويزنن سان ملي ٿو. سلهٽ جو ساڳئي نالي وارو گاديءَ جو هنڌ بنگلاديش ۾ پنجون نمبر وڏو شهري مجموعو آهي. [[ھندستان جو ورھاڱو|1947 ۾ ورهاڱي]] کان اڳ، ان ۾ ڪريم گنج سب ڊويزن (هاڻي بارڪ وادي، آسام، ڀارت) پڻ شامل هو. جڏهن ته، ڪريم گنج ( [[بدرپور]]، پٿرڪنڊي ۽ رتاباري ٿاڻن سميت) کي ريڊڪلف بائونڊري ڪميشن پاران سلهٽ کان بغير ڪنهن سبب جي الڳ ڪيو ويو. نهارنجَن ري جي مطابق، اها جزوي طور تي عبدالمطلب مظومدار جي اڳواڻي ۾ هڪ وفد جي درخواست جي ڪري ڪيو ويو هو. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IciEHAAACAAJ|title=Bangalir itihas|last=Ray|first=Niharranjan|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Paschimbanga Samiti|language=bn|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 0igz8cxch892ypzdz7mpy0mluwcu4f6 377519 377518 2026-05-14T19:13:30Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=سلهٽ ڊويزن|native_name=Sylhet Division<br> সিলেট বিভাগ|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|image_skyline={{Photomontage | photo1a = Jaflong Sylhet.jpg | photo2a = Ratargul Swamp Forest, Sylhet, Bangladesh.jpg | photo2b = Tanguar Haor o jadukata nodi.jpg | photo3a = Ali Amjad's Clock (1164).jpg | photo3b = হযরত শাহজালালের দরগাহ, সিলেট.jpg | photo4a = Beautiful Nature of Bichnakandi.jpg | position = | spacing = 1 | color_border = white | color = white | size = 280 }}|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_alt=|image_seal=|seal_alt=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|etymology=|nickname=''Srihatta, Sribhumi, Jalalabad, Land of 360 [[Wali|Awliya]]''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://metrosylhet.judiciary.gov.bd/en/menu/page/history-of-district-judiciary |title=Judiciary Sylhet Metropolitan}}</ref>|motto=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Sylhet in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Sylhet Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Sylhet Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Sylhet Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption='''Clockwise from the top:'''<br />[[Jaflong]], [[Tanguar Haor]], [[Shah Jalal Dargah]], [[Bichnakandi]], [[Ali Amjad's Clock]] and [[Ratargul Swamp Forest]]|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_alt=|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_label_position=|coordinates={{coord|24|30|N|91|40|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date={{Start date and age|1995|8|1|df=y}}|established_title1=Previously was|established_date1=Part of [[Assam Province#Administration|Surma Valley Division]] (1874–1947) and [[Chittagong Division#History|Chittagong Division]] (1947–1995)|founder=|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Sylhet]]|parts_type=[[Districts of Bangladesh#List of districts|Districts]]|parts_style=coll,para|parts={{nobold|4}}|p1={{Ubl|[[Sunamganj District|Sunamganj]]|[[Sylhet District|Sylhet]]|[[Moulvibazar District|Moulvibazar]]|[[Habiganj District|Habiganj]]}}|government_footnotes=|government_type=[[Local government in Bangladesh|Local governing division]] under the [[Government of Bangladesh|central government]]|governing_body=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner's Office]]|leader_party=|leader_title=[[Divisional Commissioner (Bangladesh)|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name=Khan Md. Reza-Un-Nabi<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers">{{cite web | title = Officers | url = https://sylhetdiv.gov.bd/pages/officers | website = Sylhet Division, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | publisher = Government of Bangladesh | access-date = 15 February 2026 | language = bn }}</ref>|leader_title1=Additional Divisional Commissioner|leader_name1=Ashrafur Rahman<ref name="SylhetDivOfficers"/>|leader_title2=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name2=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Sylhet Division|19 seats]])|leader_title3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh|Judiciary]]|leader_name3=[[Judiciary of Bangladesh#District Courts|District and Sessions Judge Courts]]|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|unit_pref=Metric <!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --> <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->|area_footnotes=|area_urban_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_rural_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_metro_footnotes=<!-- <ref> </ref> -->|area_note=|area_water_percent=|area_rank=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank2_title=<!-- square kilometers -->|area_total_km2=12,298.4|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_urban_km2=|area_rural_km2=|area_metro_km2=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank2_km2=<!-- hectares -->|area_total_ha=|area_land_ha=|area_water_ha=|area_urban_ha=|area_rural_ha=|area_metro_ha=|area_blank1_ha=|area_blank2_ha=|length_km=|width_km=|dimensions_footnotes=|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |title=''Kala Pahar'' (The Highest peak of Greater Sylhet and Northern Bangladesh) |website=Wikiloc &#124; Trails of the World |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605115606/https://www.wikiloc.com/hiking-trails/kala-pahar-the-highest-peak-of-greater-sylhet-and-northern-bangladesh-11491114 |url-status=live}}</ref>|elevation_m=334.67|elevation_ft=1,098|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_footnotes=<ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=[[Dhaka]] |pages=386}}</ref>|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_total=11034952 (Enumerated)|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_blank1_title=Adjusted Population<ref name="census2022"/>|population_blank1=11415113|population_urban=2065498|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_rural=8968558|population_rural_footnotes=<ref name="census2022"/>|population_metro=532,748|population_demonym=[[Sylhetis|Sylheti]]|demographics_type1=|demographics1_title1=Literacy rate|demographics1_info1=71.92%|demographics_type2=Languages|demographics2_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics2_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|demographics2_title2={{nobold|[[Regional language]]}}|demographics2_info2=[[Sylheti language|Sylheti]]<ref name=Ethnologue>{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |title=Sylheti |publisher=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725013346/https://www.ethnologue.com/language/syl |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/world/usa/যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে-আঞ্চলিক-ভাষার-স্বীকৃতি-পেল-সিলেটি-ভাষা |title=যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে আঞ্চলিক ভাষার স্বীকৃতি পেল 'সিলেটি' ভাষা |last=চৌধুরী |first=ফারজানা |date=18 June 2021 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |language=bn |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref>|demographics2_title3={{nobold|[[Minority language|Minority languages]]}}|demographics2_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = Full list<ref>{{cite web | last = Deshwara | first = Mintu | title = Vanishing voices: Indigenous languages at risk in Sylhet | website = The Daily Star | date = 21 February 2025 | url = https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/vanishing-voices-indigenous-languages-risk-sylhet-3829966 | access-date = 11 February 2026 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/BD/ |title=Bangladesh |website=[[Ethnologue]] |access-date=11 February 2026}}</ref> |[[Bishnupriya Manipuri lect|Bishnupriya Manipuri]] |[[Hajong language|Hajong]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/633298 |title=বিলুপ্তির পথে হাজং ভাষাবৈচিত্র্য |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=22 February 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Janakantha]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=দেশের উত্তর-পূর্বাঞ্চলের নেত্রকোনা, ময়মনসিংহ, শেরপুর, সুনামগঞ্জ ও সিলেটের আংশিক এলাকার ১০৮টি গ্রামে হাজং সম্প্রদায়ের বসবাস। }}</ref> |[[Kharia language|Kharia]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/the-last-the-kharia-speakers-2048329 |title=The last of the Kharia speakers |author=Mintu Deshwara, Pinaki Roy |date=21 February 2021 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=After our death, nobody will speak this language [Kharia]. I tried to teach the language to the younger people but they do not show interest and laugh at me when I speak in Kharia.}}</ref> |[[Khasi language|Khasi]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/euv7tqz26y |title=খাসি ভাষা ধরে রাখার চেষ্টায় বিদ্যালয় চালু |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক<!--Not stated--> |date=11 February 2023 |website= |publisher= |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/district/za9378rxmn |title=বিপন্ন 'কুরুখ' ভাষা রক্ষায় নতুন উদ্যোগ |author=নিজস্ব প্রতিবেদক |date=11 December 2023 |website= |publisher=[[Prothom Alo]] |access-date=11 February 2026 |quote=}}</ref> |[[Odia language|Odia]]<ref>{{cite Banglapedia |article=Bonaz |author=Jengcham, Subhas}}</ref> |[[Lyngngam language|Lyngngam]] |[[Meitei language|Manipuri]] |[[Pnar language|Pnar]] |[[Nagpuri language|Sadri]] |[[War language|War-Jaintia]]}}|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6|timezone1_DST=|utc_offset1_DST=|postal_code_type=|postal_code=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh#Postal codes|3000–3399]]|area_code_type=|area_code=|area_codes=<!-- for multiple area codes -->|iso_code=[[ISO 3166-2:BD|BD-G]]|website={{URL|sylhetdiv.gov.bd}}|blank1_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2019)|blank1_info_sec1=0.631<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database |website=Global Data Lab |language=en |access-date=21 June 2021 |archive-date=24 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202333/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/maps/shdi/?zoomto=BGD |url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#fc0|medium}}|blank2_name_sec1=Notable sport teams|blank2_info_sec1={{ubl|[[Sylhet Titans]]|[[Sylhet Division cricket team|Sylhet Division Cricket Team]]}}|blank3_name_sec1=Largest airport|blank3_info_sec1=[[Osmani International Airport]]|blank4_name_sec1=Largest train station|blank4_info_sec1=[[Sylhet railway station|Sylhet Railway Station]]|blank5_name_sec1=Largest haor|blank5_info_sec1=[[Hakaluki Haor|Hakaluki]]|blank6_name_sec1=Major river|blank6_info_sec1=[[Surma River|Surma]]|module=|footnotes=}} '''سلهٽ ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: সিলেট বিভাগ، سلهٽ بيڀاگ؛ {{IPA|bn|sileʈ bibʱaɡ|pron|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-সিলেট.wav}}) بنگلاديش جي اٺ ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي. اها بنگلاديش جو اوڀر اتريون ڊويزن آهي. اهو لڳ ڀڳ 12298 چورس ڪلوميٽر (4748 چورس ميل) جي ايراضي تي پکڙيل آهي ۽ اتر، اوڀر ۽ ڏکڻ ۾ ترتيب وار [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|ڀارت جي رياستن]] [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[تريپوره|تريپورا]] سان بين الاقوامي حدون شيئر ڪري ٿو، جڏهن ته اندروني طور تي اهو ڏکڻ اولهه ۾ [[چٽاگانگ ڊويزن]] ۽ اولهه ۾ [[ڍاڪا ڊويزن|ڍاڪا]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] جي ڊويزنن سان ملي ٿو. سلهٽ جو ساڳئي نالي وارو گاديءَ جو هنڌ بنگلاديش ۾ پنجون نمبر وڏو شهري مجموعو آهي. [[ھندستان جو ورھاڱو|سال 1947ع ۾ ورهاڱي]] کان اڳ، ان ۾ ڪريم گنج سب ڊويزن (هاڻي بارڪ وادي، آسام، ڀارت) پڻ شامل هو. جڏهن ته، ڪريم گنج (بدرپور، پٿرڪنڊي ۽ رتاباري ٿاڻن سميت) کي ريڊڪلف بائونڊري ڪميشن پاران سلهٽ کان بغير ڪنهن سبب جي الڳ ڪيو ويو. نهارنجَن رائي جي مطابق، اها جزوي طور تي عبدالمطلب مجومدار جي اڳواڻي ۾ هڪ وفد جي درخواست جي ڪري ڪيو ويو هو.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IciEHAAACAAJ|title=Bangalir itihas|last=Ray|first=Niharranjan|date=1 January 1980|publisher=Paschimbanga Samiti|language=bn|access-date=22 March 2022}}</ref> ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} [[زمرو:سلهٽ ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 3x1us4ixyqe73q7mtb1t5fhj6ynz2vy 14 96605 377520 2026-05-14T19:14:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 377520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] q9r8tlla6ri6zo44guc8h8zs2y80ad5 0 96606 377521 2026-05-14T19:28:42Z Ibne maryam 17680 صفحي "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337660451|Rangpur Division]]" جي شروعاتي ڀاڱي جو ترجمو ڪندي سرجيو ويو 377521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=رنگپور ڊويزن|native_name=রংপুর বিভাগ <br>Rangpur Division|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|other_name=رنگپور بيڀاگ|nickname=[[North Bengal]]|image_skyline={{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | image1 = Teesta Barrage Bangladesh.jpg | caption1 = [[:bn:তিস্তা সেচ প্রকল্প|Teesta Barrage]] in [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]] | image2 = Tajhat Palace Rangpur city.jpg | caption2 = [[Tajhat Palace]] in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] | image3 = Saidpurairport-renovated.jpg | caption3 = [[Saidpur Airport]] in [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]] | image4 = Dome of Balia Mosque.jpg | caption4 = [[Balia Mosque]] in [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] | image5 = Kanchenjunga view from Bangladesh.jpg | caption5 = [[Tetulia Tea Garden|Tea Garden]] in [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]] | image6 = Fulsori Ghat Gaibandha.jpg | caption6 = [[:bn:বালাসী ঘাট|Balasi Ghat]] in [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]] | image7 = হাজির হাট, কুড়িগ্রাম.jpg | caption7 = [[Jamuna River]] in [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] | image8 = Nawabganj National Park Dinajpur 3254.jpg | caption8 = [[Nawabganj National Park]] in [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] }}|image_seal=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rangpur in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rangpur Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rangpur Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rangpur Division|[[file:Rangpur division relief map.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Relief map of Rangpur Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_caption1=|coordinates={{coord|25|50|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date=1 July 2010|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rangpur City]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title1=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name1=[https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/en/site/view/officer_list Md. Shahidul Islam]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/bn/site/page/MZwp--বিভাগীয়-কমিশনার-রংপুর |title=Divisional Commissioner of Rangpur}}</ref>|leader_title2=[[Deputy Inspector General of Police|Deputy Inspector General]]|leader_name2=[https://rangpurrange.police.gov.bd/কর্মকর্তাবৃন্দ/ Aminul Islam]|leader_title3=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name3=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rangpur Division|33 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=16184.99|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_note=|area_rank=5th|dimensions_footnotes=|length_km=216|length_mi=134|width_km=85|width_mi=52|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-wq1m2/Rangpur-Division/ |title=Rangpur Division topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_m=42|elevation_ft=137.8|elevation_point=|elevation_max_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-zmh23q/Tetulia/ |title=Tetulia topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_max_m=134|elevation_max_ft=439.6|elevation_max_point=|elevation_min_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rlr3cz/Gaibandha/ |title=Gaibandha topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_min_m=10|elevation_min_ft=32.8|elevation_min_point=|population_total=17610956|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_footnotes=|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_rank=4th|population_demonym=[[Bangladeshis|Rangpuriya]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)|blank_info_sec1={{Increase}} 0.656 {{color|#fc0|medium}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v8.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/BGD/?levels=1+4&years=2022&extrapolation=0}}</ref>|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6:00|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal Code]]|postal_code=5XXX|iso_code=BD-F|website={{URL|rangpurdiv.gov.bd}}|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}English<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title2=[[Regional language]]|demographics1_info2=[[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]]|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indigenous language|Indigenous]] [[minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Mundari language|Mundari]] |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |[[Odia language|Odia]] |[[Koch language|Koch]] |[[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}|blank_name_sec2=Notable cricket teams|blank_info_sec2=[[Rangpur Riders]] [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]]|blank1_name=[[List of roads in Bangladesh|National Highway]]|blank1_info=[[N5 (Bangladesh)|N5]] [[File:NH-5 BGD.svg|26px]]<br />[[Asian Highway 2]] [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|26px]]|blank2_name=Airport|blank2_info=[[Saidpur Airport]]}} <references /> '''رنگپور ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: {{IPAc-en|r|ʌ|ŋ|ˈ|p|ʊər}} ؛ {{langx|bn|রংপুর বিভাগ|Rongpur Bivag}} رونگ پور بيواگ) ؛{{IPA|bn|rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag|pron|Rangpur pronunciation.ogg}}بنگلاديش جي پهرين درجي جي اٺ انتظامي ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي. اهو ملڪ جي اترئين حصي کي ڍڪي ٿو، جن جي آبادي لڳ ڀڳ هڪ ڪروڙ 80 لک ۽ پکيڙ 16185 چورس ڪلوميٽر (6249 چورس ميل) جي لڳ ڀڳ آهي.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Rangpur Division}}</ref> رنگپور ڊويزن جون حدون [[راجشاهي ڊويزن|راجشاهي]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] ڊويزنن سان ملن ٿيون. ان جي حدون [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|هندستان جي رياستن]] [[اولهه بنگال]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]] سان پڻ لڳل آهن ۽ سليگوري ڪوريڊور ذريعي [[ڀوٽان]] ۽ [[نيپال]] کان ۽ هندستان جي رياست [[سڪم|سکم]] طرفان [[چين]] کان الڳ ٿيل آهي. رنگپور شهر انتظامي هيڊ ڪوارٽر ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي. رنگپور ڊويزن ۾ ٽيستا ۽ جمنا نديون اچڻ ٿيون. رنگپور ڊويزن اٺ ضلعن تي مشتمل آهي. انهن اٺن ضلعن ۾ 58 تعلقا يا اپاضلا آهن. رنگپور ڊويزن جا وڏي شهرن ۾ رنگپور، ديناجپور ۽ سيدپور اچڻ ٿا. 70j4470d2w5mod70px8a25uwwmmb4r5 377522 377521 2026-05-14T19:35:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=رنگپور ڊويزن|native_name=রংপুর বিভাগ <br>Rangpur Division|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|other_name=رنگپور بيڀاگ|nickname=[[North Bengal]]|image_skyline={{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | image1 = Teesta Barrage Bangladesh.jpg | caption1 = [[:bn:তিস্তা সেচ প্রকল্প|Teesta Barrage]] in [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]] | image2 = Tajhat Palace Rangpur city.jpg | caption2 = [[Tajhat Palace]] in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] | image3 = Saidpurairport-renovated.jpg | caption3 = [[Saidpur Airport]] in [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]] | image4 = Dome of Balia Mosque.jpg | caption4 = [[Balia Mosque]] in [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] | image5 = Kanchenjunga view from Bangladesh.jpg | caption5 = [[Tetulia Tea Garden|Tea Garden]] in [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]] | image6 = Fulsori Ghat Gaibandha.jpg | caption6 = [[:bn:বালাসী ঘাট|Balasi Ghat]] in [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]] | image7 = হাজির হাট, কুড়িগ্রাম.jpg | caption7 = [[Jamuna River]] in [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] | image8 = Nawabganj National Park Dinajpur 3254.jpg | caption8 = [[Nawabganj National Park]] in [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] }}|image_seal=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rangpur in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rangpur Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rangpur Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rangpur Division|[[file:Rangpur division relief map.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Relief map of Rangpur Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_caption1=|coordinates={{coord|25|50|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date=1 July 2010|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rangpur City]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title1=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name1=[https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/en/site/view/officer_list Md. Shahidul Islam]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/bn/site/page/MZwp--বিভাগীয়-কমিশনার-রংপুর |title=Divisional Commissioner of Rangpur}}</ref>|leader_title2=[[Deputy Inspector General of Police|Deputy Inspector General]]|leader_name2=[https://rangpurrange.police.gov.bd/কর্মকর্তাবৃন্দ/ Aminul Islam]|leader_title3=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name3=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rangpur Division|33 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=16184.99|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_note=|area_rank=5th|dimensions_footnotes=|length_km=216|length_mi=134|width_km=85|width_mi=52|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-wq1m2/Rangpur-Division/ |title=Rangpur Division topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_m=42|elevation_ft=137.8|elevation_point=|elevation_max_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-zmh23q/Tetulia/ |title=Tetulia topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_max_m=134|elevation_max_ft=439.6|elevation_max_point=|elevation_min_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rlr3cz/Gaibandha/ |title=Gaibandha topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_min_m=10|elevation_min_ft=32.8|elevation_min_point=|population_total=17610956|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_footnotes=|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_rank=4th|population_demonym=[[Bangladeshis|Rangpuriya]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)|blank_info_sec1={{Increase}} 0.656 {{color|#fc0|medium}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v8.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/BGD/?levels=1+4&years=2022&extrapolation=0}}</ref>|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6:00|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal Code]]|postal_code=5XXX|iso_code=BD-F|website={{URL|rangpurdiv.gov.bd}}|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}English<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title2=[[Regional language]]|demographics1_info2=[[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]]|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indigenous language|Indigenous]] [[minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Mundari language|Mundari]] |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |[[Odia language|Odia]] |[[Koch language|Koch]] |[[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}|blank_name_sec2=Notable cricket teams|blank_info_sec2=[[Rangpur Riders]] [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]]|blank1_name=[[List of roads in Bangladesh|National Highway]]|blank1_info=[[N5 (Bangladesh)|N5]] [[File:NH-5 BGD.svg|26px]]<br />[[Asian Highway 2]] [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|26px]]|blank2_name=Airport|blank2_info=[[Saidpur Airport]]}} '''رنگپور ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: রংপুর বিভাগ؛ رونگ پور بيواگ؛ {{IPA|bn|rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag|pron|Rangpur pronunciation.ogg}}) [[بنگلاديش]] جي پهرين درجي جي اٺ انتظامي ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي. اهو ملڪ جي اترئين حصي کي ڍڪي ٿو، جن جي آبادي لڳ ڀڳ هڪ ڪروڙ 80 لک ۽ پکيڙ 16,185 چورس ڪلوميٽر (6,249 چورس ميل) جي لڳ ڀڳ آهي.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Rangpur Division}}</ref> رنگپور ڊويزن جون حدون [[راجشاهي ڊويزن|راجشاهي]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] ڊويزنن سان ملن ٿيون. ان جي حدون [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|ڀارت جي رياستن]] [[اولهه بنگال]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]] سان پڻ لڳل آهن ۽ سليگوري ڪوريڊور ذريعي [[ڀوٽان]] ۽ [[نيپال]] کان ۽ ڀارت جي رياست [[سڪم]] طرفان [[چين]] کان الڳ ٿيل آهي. رنگپور شهر انتظامي هيڊ ڪوارٽر ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي. رنگپور ڊويزن ۾ ٽيستا ۽ جمنا نديون اچڻ ٿيون. رنگپور ڊويزن اٺ ضلعن تي مشتمل آهي. انهن اٺن ضلعن ۾ 58 اپاضلا (تعلقا) آهن. رنگپور ڊويزن جا وڏي شهرن ۾ رنگپور، ديناجپور ۽ سيدپور اچڻ ٿا. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:رنگپور ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] hjx5r45qlpuglc32dpmggfcnijmr3f9 377524 377522 2026-05-14T19:37:55Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا */ 377524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=رنگپور ڊويزن|native_name=রংপুর বিভাগ <br>Rangpur Division|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|other_name=رنگپور بيڀاگ|nickname=[[North Bengal]]|image_skyline={{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | image1 = Teesta Barrage Bangladesh.jpg | caption1 = [[:bn:তিস্তা সেচ প্রকল্প|Teesta Barrage]] in [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]] | image2 = Tajhat Palace Rangpur city.jpg | caption2 = [[Tajhat Palace]] in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] | image3 = Saidpurairport-renovated.jpg | caption3 = [[Saidpur Airport]] in [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]] | image4 = Dome of Balia Mosque.jpg | caption4 = [[Balia Mosque]] in [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] | image5 = Kanchenjunga view from Bangladesh.jpg | caption5 = [[Tetulia Tea Garden|Tea Garden]] in [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]] | image6 = Fulsori Ghat Gaibandha.jpg | caption6 = [[:bn:বালাসী ঘাট|Balasi Ghat]] in [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]] | image7 = হাজির হাট, কুড়িগ্রাম.jpg | caption7 = [[Jamuna River]] in [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] | image8 = Nawabganj National Park Dinajpur 3254.jpg | caption8 = [[Nawabganj National Park]] in [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] }}|image_seal=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rangpur in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rangpur Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rangpur Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rangpur Division|[[file:Rangpur division relief map.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Relief map of Rangpur Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_caption1=|coordinates={{coord|25|50|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date=1 July 2010|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rangpur City]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title1=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name1=[https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/en/site/view/officer_list Md. Shahidul Islam]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/bn/site/page/MZwp--বিভাগীয়-কমিশনার-রংপুর |title=Divisional Commissioner of Rangpur}}</ref>|leader_title2=[[Deputy Inspector General of Police|Deputy Inspector General]]|leader_name2=[https://rangpurrange.police.gov.bd/কর্মকর্তাবৃন্দ/ Aminul Islam]|leader_title3=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name3=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rangpur Division|33 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=16184.99|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_note=|area_rank=5th|dimensions_footnotes=|length_km=216|length_mi=134|width_km=85|width_mi=52|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-wq1m2/Rangpur-Division/ |title=Rangpur Division topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_m=42|elevation_ft=137.8|elevation_point=|elevation_max_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-zmh23q/Tetulia/ |title=Tetulia topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_max_m=134|elevation_max_ft=439.6|elevation_max_point=|elevation_min_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rlr3cz/Gaibandha/ |title=Gaibandha topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_min_m=10|elevation_min_ft=32.8|elevation_min_point=|population_total=17610956|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_footnotes=|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_rank=4th|population_demonym=[[Bangladeshis|Rangpuriya]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)|blank_info_sec1={{Increase}} 0.656 {{color|#fc0|medium}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v8.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/BGD/?levels=1+4&years=2022&extrapolation=0}}</ref>|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6:00|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal Code]]|postal_code=5XXX|iso_code=BD-F|website={{URL|rangpurdiv.gov.bd}}|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}English<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title2=[[Regional language]]|demographics1_info2=[[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]]|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indigenous language|Indigenous]] [[minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Mundari language|Mundari]] |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |[[Odia language|Odia]] |[[Koch language|Koch]] |[[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}|blank_name_sec2=Notable cricket teams|blank_info_sec2=[[Rangpur Riders]] [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]]|blank1_name=[[List of roads in Bangladesh|National Highway]]|blank1_info=[[N5 (Bangladesh)|N5]] [[File:NH-5 BGD.svg|26px]]<br />[[Asian Highway 2]] [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|26px]]|blank2_name=Airport|blank2_info=[[Saidpur Airport]]}} '''رنگپور ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: রংপুর বিভাগ؛ رونگ پور بيواگ؛ {{IPA|bn|rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag|pron|Rangpur pronunciation.ogg}}) [[بنگلاديش]] جي پهرين درجي جي اٺ انتظامي ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي. اهو ملڪ جي اترئين حصي کي ڍڪي ٿو، جن جي آبادي لڳ ڀڳ هڪ ڪروڙ 80 لک ۽ پکيڙ 16,185 چورس ڪلوميٽر (6,249 چورس ميل) جي لڳ ڀڳ آهي.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Rangpur Division}}</ref> رنگپور ڊويزن جون حدون [[راجشاهي ڊويزن|راجشاهي]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] ڊويزنن سان ملن ٿيون. ان جي حدون [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|ڀارت جي رياستن]] [[اولهه بنگال]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]] سان پڻ لڳل آهن ۽ سليگوري ڪوريڊور ذريعي [[ڀوٽان]] ۽ [[نيپال]] کان ۽ ڀارت جي رياست [[سڪم]] طرفان [[چين]] کان الڳ ٿيل آهي. رنگپور شهر انتظامي هيڊ ڪوارٽر ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي. رنگپور ڊويزن ۾ ٽيستا ۽ جمنا نديون اچڻ ٿيون. رنگپور ڊويزن اٺ ضلعن تي مشتمل آهي. انهن اٺن ضلعن ۾ 58 اپاضلا (تعلقا) آهن. رنگپور ڊويزن جا وڏي شهرن ۾ رنگپور، ديناجپور ۽ سيدپور اچڻ ٿا. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Wikivoyage}} {{Commons category|Rangpur Division}} {{EB1911 poster|Rangpur}} {{Subject bar |book= |portal2= |portal3=|portal4=|commons=yes |n=yes |n-search=Category:rangpur |wikt=yes |b=yes |q=yes |s=yes |v=yes |voy=yes |d=yes }} {{Geographic location |Centre = Rangpur Division |North = [[West Bengal]], India |Northeast = [[Assam]], India |East = [[Meghalaya]], India |Southeast = [[Dhaka Division]] |South = [[Rajshahi Division]] |Southwest = |West = [[West Bengal]], India |Northwest = }} {{Divisions of Bangladesh}} {{Divisions and districts of Bangladesh}} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:رنگپور ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] b14ock9m8jobv0jv33e6t368z7led8a 377525 377524 2026-05-14T19:39:27Z Ibne maryam 17680 377525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=رنگپور ڊويزن|native_name=রংপুর বিভাগ <br>Rangpur Division|native_name_lang=bn|settlement_type=[[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division of Bangladesh]]|other_name=رنگپور بيڀاگ|nickname=[[North Bengal]]|image_skyline={{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | image1 = Teesta Barrage Bangladesh.jpg | caption1 = [[:bn:তিস্তা সেচ প্রকল্প|Teesta Barrage]] in [[Lalmonirhat District|Lalmonirhat]] | image2 = Tajhat Palace Rangpur city.jpg | caption2 = [[Tajhat Palace]] in [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] | image3 = Saidpurairport-renovated.jpg | caption3 = [[Saidpur Airport]] in [[Nilphamari District|Nilphamari]] | image4 = Dome of Balia Mosque.jpg | caption4 = [[Balia Mosque]] in [[Thakurgaon District|Thakurgaon]] | image5 = Kanchenjunga view from Bangladesh.jpg | caption5 = [[Tetulia Tea Garden|Tea Garden]] in [[Panchagarh District|Panchagarh]] | image6 = Fulsori Ghat Gaibandha.jpg | caption6 = [[:bn:বালাসী ঘাট|Balasi Ghat]] in [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]] | image7 = হাজির হাট, কুড়িগ্রাম.jpg | caption7 = [[Jamuna River]] in [[Kurigram District|Kurigram]] | image8 = Nawabganj National Park Dinajpur 3254.jpg | caption8 = [[Nawabganj National Park]] in [[Dinajpur District, Bangladesh|Dinajpur]] }}|image_seal=|image_map={{switcher|[[File:Rangpur in Bangladesh.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Rangpur Division in Bangladesh|[[File:Rangpur Division districts map.png|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Districts of Rangpur Division|[[file:Rangpur division relief map.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Relief map of Rangpur Division}}|map_alt=|map_caption=|image_map1=|map_caption1=|coordinates={{coord|25|50|N|89|00|E|region:BD_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki|display=inline,title}}|coor_pinpoint=|coordinates_footnotes=|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Bangladesh}}|subdivision_type1=|subdivision_name1=|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|established_title=Established|established_date=1 July 2010|seat_type=Capital<br />{{nowrap|{{nobold|and largest city}}}}|seat=[[Rangpur City]]|government_footnotes=|leader_party=|leader_title1=[[Divisional Commissioner of Bangladesh|Divisional Commissioner]]|leader_name1=[https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/en/site/view/officer_list Md. Shahidul Islam]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rangpurdiv.gov.bd/bn/site/page/MZwp--বিভাগীয়-কমিশনার-রংপুর |title=Divisional Commissioner of Rangpur}}</ref>|leader_title2=[[Deputy Inspector General of Police|Deputy Inspector General]]|leader_name2=[https://rangpurrange.police.gov.bd/কর্মকর্তাবৃন্দ/ Aminul Islam]|leader_title3=[[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliamentary constituency]]|leader_name3=[[Jatiya Sangsad]] ([[List of parliamentary constituencies of Bangladesh#Rangpur Division|33 seats]])|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=16184.99|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_note=|area_rank=5th|dimensions_footnotes=|length_km=216|length_mi=134|width_km=85|width_mi=52|elevation_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-wq1m2/Rangpur-Division/ |title=Rangpur Division topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_m=42|elevation_ft=137.8|elevation_point=|elevation_max_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-zmh23q/Tetulia/ |title=Tetulia topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_max_m=134|elevation_max_ft=439.6|elevation_max_point=|elevation_min_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rlr3cz/Gaibandha/ |title=Gaibandha topographic map, elevation, terrain}}</ref>|elevation_min_m=10|elevation_min_ft=32.8|elevation_min_point=|population_total=17610956|population_as_of=[[2022 Bangladeshi census|2022]]|population_footnotes=|population_density_km2=auto|population_note=|population_rank=4th|population_demonym=[[Bangladeshis|Rangpuriya]]|blank_name_sec1=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022)|blank_info_sec1={{Increase}} 0.656 {{color|#fc0|medium}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v8.0) |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/BGD/?levels=1+4&years=2022&extrapolation=0}}</ref>|timezone1=[[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]|utc_offset1=+6:00|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal Code]]|postal_code=5XXX|iso_code=BD-F|website={{URL|rangpurdiv.gov.bd}}|demographics_type1=Languages|demographics1_title1=[[Official language]]|demographics1_info1=[[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}English<ref name="bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd">{{cite web |url=http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |title=The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |website=[[Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs]] |access-date=1 February 2017 |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110101626/http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-367.html |url-status=live}}</ref>|demographics1_title2=[[Regional language]]|demographics1_info2=[[Rangpuri language|Rangpuri]]|demographics1_title3={{nobold|[[Indigenous language|Indigenous]] [[minority language]]s}}|demographics1_info3={{Collapsible list | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:100%; | title = List |[[Santali language|Santali]] |[[Mundari language|Mundari]] |[[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] |[[Odia language|Odia]] |[[Koch language|Koch]] |[[Assamese language|Assamese]]}}|blank_name_sec2=Notable cricket teams|blank_info_sec2=[[Rangpur Riders]] [[Rangpur Division cricket team|Rangpur Division]]|blank1_name=[[List of roads in Bangladesh|National Highway]]|blank1_info=[[N5 (Bangladesh)|N5]] [[File:NH-5 BGD.svg|26px]]<br />[[Asian Highway 2]] [[File:Tabliczka AH2.svg|26px]]|blank2_name=Airport|blank2_info=[[Saidpur Airport]]}} '''رنگپور ڊويزن''' (بنگالي: রংপুর বিভাগ؛ رونگ پور بيواگ؛ {{IPA|bn|rɔŋpuɾ bibʱag|pron|Rangpur pronunciation.ogg}}) [[بنگلاديش]] جي پهرين درجي جي اٺ انتظامي ڊويزنن مان هڪ آهي. اهو ملڪ جي اترئين حصي کي ڍڪي ٿو، جن جي آبادي لڳ ڀڳ هڪ ڪروڙ 80 لک ۽ پکيڙ 16,185 چورس ڪلوميٽر (6,249 چورس ميل) جي لڳ ڀڳ آهي.<ref name="Banglapedia">{{Cite Banglapedia|article=Rangpur Division}}</ref> رنگپور ڊويزن جون حدون [[راجشاهي ڊويزن|راجشاهي]] ۽ [[مئيمن سنگهه ڊويزن|ميمن سنگهه]] ڊويزنن سان ملن ٿيون. ان جي حدون [[ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ اتحادي علائقا|ڀارت جي رياستن]] [[اولهه بنگال]]، [[آسام]] ۽ [[ميگهاليا|ميگھاليا]] سان پڻ لڳل آهن ۽ سليگوري ڪوريڊور ذريعي [[ڀوٽان]] ۽ [[نيپال]] کان ۽ ڀارت جي رياست [[سڪم]] طرفان [[چين]] کان الڳ ٿيل آهي. رنگپور شهر انتظامي هيڊ ڪوارٽر ۽ سڀ کان وڏو شهر آهي. رنگپور ڊويزن ۾ ٽيستا ۽ جمنا نديون اچڻ ٿيون. رنگپور ڊويزن اٺ ضلعن تي مشتمل آهي. انهن اٺن ضلعن ۾ 58 اپاضلا (تعلقا) آهن. رنگپور ڊويزن جا وڏي شهرن ۾ رنگپور، ديناجپور ۽ سيدپور اچڻ ٿا. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== {{Wikivoyage}} {{Commons category|رنگپور ڊويزن}} {{Subject bar |book= |portal2= |portal3=|portal4=|commons=yes |n=yes |n-search=Category:rangpur |wikt=yes |b=yes |q=yes |s=yes |v=yes |voy=yes |d=yes }} {{Geographic location |Centre = Rangpur Division |North = [[West Bengal]], India |Northeast = [[Assam]], India |East = [[Meghalaya]], India |Southeast = [[Dhaka Division]] |South = [[Rajshahi Division]] |Southwest = |West = [[West Bengal]], India |Northwest = }} {{Authority control}} [[زمرو:رنگپور ڊويزن]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 184468hzx61r49ptlyncgehbkrofqka 14 96607 377523 2026-05-14T19:35:57Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] 377523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جون ڊويزنون]] q9r8tlla6ri6zo44guc8h8zs2y80ad5 10 96608 377527 2026-05-14T20:08:00Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{tsh|hndab|hndis}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو فقط انهن [[وڪيپيڊيا:ابھام سلجھائپ صفحا|ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن]] تي استعمال لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي، جن ۾ صرف ساڳئي نالي وارن ماڻهن بابت مضمونن جون ڳنڍڻيون هجن. اهو صفحي تي هڪ نوٽيس ڏيکاري ٿو ۽ ان کي :زمرو:انساني نالن جا اب... 377527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{tsh|hndab|hndis}} ==استعمال== هي سانچو فقط انهن [[وڪيپيڊيا:ابھام سلجھائپ صفحا|ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن]] تي استعمال لاءِ ٺاهيو ويو آهي، جن ۾ صرف ساڳئي نالي وارن ماڻهن بابت مضمونن جون ڳنڍڻيون هجن. اهو صفحي تي هڪ نوٽيس ڏيکاري ٿو ۽ ان کي [[:زمرو:انساني نالن جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] ۾ شامل ڪري ٿو، جيڪو [[:زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] جو هڪ ذيلي زمرو آهي. هي ڪم جي لحاظ کان {{tlx|Disambiguation}} سانچي جهڙو آهي، جيڪو عام مقصد وارن ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن تي استعمال ٿيندو آهي. مثال: * اهڙي ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي لاءِ جنهن ۾ فقط انساني نالا هجن (يعني ڏنل نالو ۽ خانداني نالو جهڙوڪ "ميڪس ويبر")، صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو: : '''{{tnull|Human name disambiguation}}''' * اهڙي ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي لاءِ جنهن ۾ انساني نالن کانسواءِ ٻيون داخلا به هجن، {{tnull|Human name disambiguation}} سانچو استعمال نه ڪريو. ان جي بدران استعمال ڪريو: : '''{{tnull|Disambiguation|human name}}''' * مٿي بيان ڪيل طريقا زمري جي داخلائن کي صفحي جي نالي موجب ترتيب ڏين ٿا، تنهن ڪري ''[[Max Weber (disambiguation)]]''، ''[[:زمرو:انساني نالن جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]]'' ۾ "M" هيٺ ظاهر ٿيندو. جيڪڏهن خانداني نالي موجب ترتيب ڏيڻي هجي، ته [[وڪيپيڊيا:زمرو بندي#ترتيب جو سلسلو|ترتيبي ڪنجي]] شامل ڪريو: : '''{{tnull|Human name disambiguation|2=''Weber, Max''}}''' :: ''يا:'' : '''{{tnull|Human name disambiguation|2=name=''Weber, Max''}}''' :: ''پيدا ڪندو:'' : <nowiki>[[Category:Human name disambiguation pages|Weber, Max]]</nowiki> * اهڙن انساني نالي وارن ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن لاءِ جن کي صفائي جي ضرورت هجي، {{tl|Human name disambiguation cleanup}} استعمال ڪريو. ==صحيح سانچي جي چونڊ== * اهڙو صفحو جيڪو "Ethan Allen (baseball player)" ۽ "Ethan Allen (furniture company)" کي فهرست ڪري، ان ۾ <nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[سانچو:Disambiguation|disambiguation]]|hn<nowiki>}}</nowiki> استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي. * اهڙو صفحو جيڪو "Jayson L. Smeltsdorf" ۽ "Jayson Q. Smeltsdorf" کي فهرست ڪري، ان ۾ {{tlf|Human name disambiguation}} استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي. * اهڙو صفحو جيڪو فقط ڏنل نالي "Jayson" وارن ماڻهن کي فهرست ڪري، ان ۾ {{tl|given name}} استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي. * اهڙو صفحو جيڪو فقط خانداني نالي "Smeltsdorf" وارن ماڻهن کي فهرست ڪري، ان ۾ {{tl|surname}} استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي. * اهڙو صفحو جيڪو ڏنل نالي يا خانداني نالي "Peyman" وارن ماڻهن کي فهرست ڪري، ان ۾ {{tnull|given name|type{{=}}both}} استعمال ٿيڻ گهرجي. ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{tl|Hospital disambiguation}} اسپتالن يا طبي مرڪزن لاءِ – [[:زمرو:اسپتالن جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] * {{tl|Mathematical disambiguation}} رياضيءَ جي عنوانن لاءِ – [[:زمرو:رياضيءَ جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] * {{tl|Place name disambiguation}} جڳهن جي نالن لاءِ – [[:زمرو:جڳهن جي نالن جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] * {{tl|School disambiguation}} تعليمي ادارن لاءِ – [[:زمرو:تعليمي ادارن جا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحا]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا هتي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا ڏانهن، مهرباني! --> [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ پيغام خانا]] [[زمرو:نالن جا سانچا]] }}</includeonly> ==Templatedata== <templatedata> { "params": { "nocat": { "description": "صفحي کي زمرو بندي ڪرڻ کان سانچي کي روڪي ٿو", "default": "false", "example": "true", "type": "boolean" }, "name": { "label": "نالو", "description": "اهو نالو جيڪو سانچي ۾ ڏيکاريو ويندو", "example": "John Doe", "type": "content", "suggested": true } }, "description": "اهو نوٽيس ڏيکاري ٿو ته صفحو ڪنهن نالي لاءِ ابهام سلجهائپ صفحو آهي" } </templatedata> 3w2603y3q6fluafobpr4mldltggv29x 828 96609 377530 2026-05-14T20:21:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local mArguments -- سست طريقي سان شروعات ڪئي ويندي local mHatlist = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote list') local mHatnote = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote') local yesNo = require('ماڊيول:Yesno') local p = {} -- فريم مان {{For}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو -- Lua جي محفوظ لفظ "for" سان ٽڪراءُ کان بچڻ لاءِ وڏن اکرن وارو "For" استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي function p.For (frame) mArguments = require(... 377530 Scribunto text/plain local mArguments -- سست طريقي سان شروعات ڪئي ويندي local mHatlist = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote list') local mHatnote = require('ماڊيول:Hatnote') local yesNo = require('ماڊيول:Yesno') local p = {} -- فريم مان {{For}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو -- Lua جي محفوظ لفظ "for" سان ٽڪراءُ کان بچڻ لاءِ وڏن اکرن وارو "For" استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي function p.For (frame) mArguments = require('ماڊيول:Arguments') return p._For(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) end -- {{For}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو پر هٿ سان ڏنل آرگومينٽن واري جدول وٺي ٿو function p._For (args) local use = args[1] if (not use) then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( 'ڪو به context پيراميٽر فراهم نه ڪيو ويو آهي. "ٻيا استعمال" هيٽ نوٽس لاءِ {{other uses}} استعمال ڪريو.', 'Template:For#Errors', args.category ) end local pages = {} function two (a, b) return a, b, 1 end -- اسان کي 2 کان ipairs هلائڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو for k, v in two(ipairs(args)) do table.insert(pages, v) end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local skipCat = title.isTalkPage or title.namespace == 2 -- ڳالهه ٻولهه وارا صفحا ۽ يوزر اسپيس زمرو بندي نه ڪريو local oddCat = skipCat and '' or '[[زمرو:غير معمولي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]]' local category = yesNo(args.category) return mHatnote._hatnote( mHatlist.forSeeTableToString({{use = use, pages = pages}}), {selfref = args.selfref} ) .. ( (use == 'other uses') and ((category == true) or (category == nil)) and oddCat or '' ) end return p m9my0ids1ja11gwd3tulh021qpsa71v 828 96610 377531 2026-05-14T20:23:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Distinguish|Module:For loop}} {{high-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Hatnote|Module:Hatnote list|Module:Arguments}} {{tl|for}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزڪاري صفحا]] </noinclude> 377531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Distinguish|Module:For loop}} {{high-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} {{Lua|Module:Yesno|Module:Hatnote|Module:Hatnote list|Module:Arguments}} {{tl|for}} لاڳو ڪري ٿو. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزڪاري صفحا]] </noinclude> 40vyf7nnvni0p4msi2na6z661rclcuj 10 96611 377532 2026-05-14T20:27:54Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} == استعمال == {{tl|for}} جي نموني تي ٺهيل، '''{{tl|for-text}}''' اهڙي طرح ٺاهيو ويو آهي جو اهو مرضي مطابق متن جي اجازت ڏئي، جنهن ۾ واڌارا جهڙوڪ اقتباسي نشان يا ڪا ڳنڍڻي، ٻئي موضوع ۽ ان جي تجويز ڪيل مضمون جي حصي طور شامل ڪري سگهجن. '''نوٽ:''' توهان کي هر قسم جي فارميٽنگ ه... 377532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} == استعمال == {{tl|for}} جي نموني تي ٺهيل، '''{{tl|for-text}}''' اهڙي طرح ٺاهيو ويو آهي جو اهو مرضي مطابق متن جي اجازت ڏئي، جنهن ۾ واڌارا جهڙوڪ اقتباسي نشان يا ڪا ڳنڍڻي، ٻئي موضوع ۽ ان جي تجويز ڪيل مضمون جي حصي طور شامل ڪري سگهجن. '''نوٽ:''' توهان کي هر قسم جي فارميٽنگ هٿ سان مهيا ڪرڻي پوندي ({{tl|For}} جي ابتڙ، پيراميٽر پاڻمرادو نيري ڳنڍڻي نٿا بڻجن) ===هڪ موضوع سان=== * {{tlx|For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT}} → {{For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT}} ===هڪ کان وڌيڪ موضوعن سان=== هي سانچو پنجن موضوعن ۽ انهن جي تجويز ڪيل مضمونن تائين سهڪار پڻ ڪري ٿو: * {{tlx|For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2}} → {{For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2}} * {{tlx|For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2|TOPIC 3|CUSTOM TEXT 3|TOPIC 4|CUSTOM TEXT 4|TOPIC 5|CUSTOM TEXT 5}} → {{For-text|TOPIC|CUSTOM TEXT|TOPIC 2|CUSTOM TEXT 2|TOPIC 3|CUSTOM TEXT 3|TOPIC 4|CUSTOM TEXT 4|TOPIC 5|CUSTOM TEXT 5}} ===وڪي ڳنڍڻيون ۽ وڏا/ننڍا اکر=== '''انداز بابت نوٽ:''' جڏهن وڪي ڳنڍڻي جي چوڌاري متن منزل واري مضمون پاڻ بابت هجي (مثال طور، وڌيڪ معلومات لاءِ ''Xyz'' ڏسو؛ مکيه مضمون: ''Xyz''؛ هي ڳالهه ''Xyz'' ۾ بحث ٿيل آهي) نه ڪي ان مضمون جي موضوع بابت (مثال طور، درزي اڪثر پنهنجن گراهڪن جي پتلونن تي ''xyz'' استعمال ڪندا آهن)، ته وڪي ڳنڍڻي واري متن ۾ مضمون جي عنوان واري وڏن/ننڍن اکرن جي ترتيب استعمال ڪريو: <nowiki>[[ايڪس واء زي]]</nowiki>. ساڳيو اصول ذيلي سرخين تي پڻ لاڳو ٿئي ٿو: <nowiki>[[Xyz#PDQ|Xyz § PDQ]]</nowiki>. ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو ڪنهن اصطلاح جي متبادل معنائن بابت وڌ ۾ وڌ پنج مضمون فهرست ڪري ٿو. وڌيڪ تفصيل ۽ مثالن لاءِ سانچي جي دستاويزڪاري ڏسو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "پهرين وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو متبادل معنيٰ بيان ڪري", "default": "other uses", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "سمٿ خانداني نالي وارا ٻيا ماڻهو" }, "2": { "label": "پهرين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "اهڙو جملو جنهن ۾ پهرين متبادل معنيٰ ڏانهن وڪي ڳنڍڻي شامل هجي.", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "[[Smith (surname)]]" }, "3": { "label": "ٻي وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو ٻي معنيٰ بيان ڪري، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "سمٿ ڏنل نالي وارا ماڻهو" }, "4": { "label": "ٻي ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "[[Smith (given name)]]" }, "5": { "label": "ٽين وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو ٻي معنيٰ بيان ڪري، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي", "type": "string", "required": false }, "6": { "label": "ٽين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "7": { "label": "چوٿين وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو ٻي معنيٰ بيان ڪري، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي", "type": "string", "required": false }, "8": { "label": "چوٿين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "string", "required": false }, "9": { "label": "پنجين وضاحت", "description": "هڪ جملو جيڪو ٻي معنيٰ بيان ڪري، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي", "type": "string", "required": false }, "10": { "label": "پنجين ڳنڍڻي", "description": "ٻئي مطلب لاءِ ڳنڍڻ وارو صفحو، جيڪڏهن موجود هجي.", "type": "string", "required": false } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> eok6ns4m749kl8nrvy02hcdipbvji4l 10 96612 377534 2026-05-14T20:39:11Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Hatnote|ماڊيول:Hatnote list}} {{tlx|For-multi}} هڪ هيٽ نوٽ سانچو آهي جيڪو مضمون جي عنوان لاءِ متبادل استعمالن جي فهرست تيار ڪري ٿو ۽ انهن استعمالن بابت مضمونن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون ڏئي ٿو. اهو {{tlx|For}}... 377534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Hatnote|ماڊيول:Hatnote list}} {{tlx|For-multi}} هڪ هيٽ نوٽ سانچو آهي جيڪو مضمون جي عنوان لاءِ متبادل استعمالن جي فهرست تيار ڪري ٿو ۽ انهن استعمالن بابت مضمونن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون ڏئي ٿو. اهو {{tlx|For}} سان مشابهت رکي ٿو، پر بنيادي فرق اهو آهي ته هي سانچو ڪيترن ئي استعمالن کي فهرست ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو، جڏهن ته هر استعمال لاءِ گهڻن مضمونن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون به ڏئي سگهي ٿو. اهو اصل ۾ {{tlx|About}} جهڙو ئي آهي، پر شروعات ۾ about clause کان سواءِ. ==استعمال== ===0 پيراميٽر=== جڏهن ڪو به پيراميٽر فراهم نه ڪيو وڃي، ته هي سانچو بلڪل {{tlx|Other uses}} وانگر ڪم ڪري ٿو. ان سانچي کي استعمال ڪرڻ کي ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهو فنڪشن جي نتيجي کي وڌيڪ واضح نموني بيان ڪري ٿو. صفر پيراميٽر سان {{tlc|For-multi}} جو نتيجو آهي: {{For-multi}} '''ٻين سانچن سان ڀيٽ:''' هي ساڳيو آهي جيئن {{tlx|Other uses}} استعمال ڪرڻ: {{Other uses}} ===هڪ يا ٻه پيراميٽر=== جڏهن هڪ يا ٻه پيراميٽر مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته هي سانچو بلڪل {{tlx|For}} وانگر ڪم ڪري ٿو. ان سانچي کي استعمال ڪرڻ کي ترجيح ڏني وڃي ٿي، ڇاڪاڻ ته هن سانچي جي "multi" ڪارڪردگي گهربل نه هوندي. ====1 پيراميٽر==== هڪ پيراميٽر سان، {{tlx|For-multi|UseA}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For-multi|UseA}} '''ٻين سانچن سان ڀيٽ:''' هي بلڪل ساڳيو آهي جيئن ساڳيا آرگومينٽ {{tlx|For}} ڏانهن موڪلڻ. مثال طور، {{tlx|For|UseA}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For|UseA}} ====2 پيراميٽر==== ٻن پيراميٽرن سان، {{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For-multi|UseA|ArticleA}} '''ٻين سانچن سان ڀيٽ:''' هي بلڪل ساڳيو آهي جيئن ساڳيا آرگومينٽ {{tlx|For}} ڏانهن موڪلڻ. مثال طور، {{tlx|For|UseA|ArticleA}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For|UseA|ArticleA}} ===3 يا وڌيڪ پيراميٽر=== جڏهن ٽي يا وڌيڪ پيراميٽر مهيا ڪيا وڃن، ته هي سانچو استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو. عملي طور تي، اهو {{tlx|About}} جهڙو ئي آهي، پر شروعات ۾ ابائوٽ شق کان سواءِ. [[وڪيپيڊيا:HNS]] تي ڏنل هدايت موجب، اهو ايڊيٽر تي منحصر آهي ته ڇا هيٽ نوٽ ۾ مختصر خلاصو شامل ڪيو وڃي (يعني ڇا هيٽ نوٽ {{tlx|For-multi}} استعمال ڪري يا {{tlx|About}})؛ اهو سندن پسند ۽ پڙهندڙ لاءِ وڌيڪ واضح ۽ آسان هجڻ تي دارومدار رکي ٿو. ٽن پيراميٽرن سان، :{{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} جو نتيجو آهي: {{For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} چئن پيراميٽرن سان، :{{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB|ArticleB}} جو نتيجو آهي: {{For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB|ArticleB}} '''ٻين سانچن سان ڀيٽ:''' {{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} جو نتيجو {{tlx|For}} کان مختلف آهي جڏهن ان کي ٽي پيراميٽر ڏنا وڃن، جتي {{tlx|For|UseA|ArticleA|ArticleB}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For|UseA|ArticleA|ArticleB}} جيئن توهان ڏسي سگهو ٿا، هي فنڪشن {{tlx|For}} جي ابتڙ گهڻا استعمال ڏيکاري سگهي ٿو. {{tlx|About}} پڻ ساڳيو نتيجو پيدا ڪري ٿو، پر شروعات ۾ هڪ about clause سان. مثال طور، {{tlx|About|About|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{About|About|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} ٽيڪنيڪي طور تي، {{tlx|About}} کي خالي پهريون پيراميٽر ڏئي استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو، پر اهو سفارش ٿيل ناهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته وڪي ٽيڪسٽ <code>{{((}}About||UseA|ArticleA|UseB}}</code> مان واضح نٿو ٿئي ته نتيجو ڇا ٿيندو ۽ سانچي جو مقصد ڇا آهي، ڇاڪاڻ ته هن حالت ۾ سانچي جو نالو "About" گمراهه ڪندڙ بڻجي وڃي ٿو. اهڙي طريقي سان استعمال ڪرڻ هيئن نظر ايندو: {{About||UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} ====هر استعمال لاءِ گهڻا مضمون==== هڪ استعمال لاءِ گهڻا مضمون شامل ڪري سگهجن ٿا، جيڪڏهن انهن جي وچ ۾ <code>and</code> وارو پيراميٽر رکيو وڃي. مثال طور، وڪي ٽيڪسٽ :{{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|and|ArticleB|and|ArticleC|UseB|ArticleD|and|ArticleE}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|and|ArticleB|and|ArticleC|UseB|ArticleD|and|ArticleE}} ====آخري پيراميٽر==== جڏهن آخري پيراميٽر هڪ "use" هجي، ته موجوده مضمون سان گڏ (disambiguation) کي سانچي جي آخر ۾ ڳنڍيو ويندو. مثال طور، :{{tlx|For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{For-multi|UseA|ArticleA|UseB}} مٿيون مثال موجوده صفحي جي نالي (نيم اسپيس کان سواءِ) سان گڏ "(سلجھائپ)" ڏانهن ڳنڍڻي پيدا ڪري ٿو. == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو عنوان جي گهڻن ٻين استعمالن کي فهرست ڪري ٿو ۽ انهن استعمالن بابت مضمونن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻيون ڏئي ٿو. استعمال ۽ متبادلن بابت وڌيڪ معلومات لاءِ دستاويزڪاري ڏسو.", "params": { "1": { "label": "ٻيو استعمال 1", "type": "string", "description": "عنوان جو پهريون ٻيو استعمال ڇا آهي. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي، ته \"For other uses\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو ۽ 3 کان پوءِ وارن پيراميٽرن کي نظرانداز ڪندو.", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "ٻيو صفحو 1", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "پهريون ٻيو صفحو جو عنوان. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي، ته \"[page title] (disambiguation)\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو.", "required": true }, "3": { "label": "ٻيو استعمال 2", "type": "string", "description": "عنوان جو ٻيون ٻيو استعمال ڇا آهي. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي، ته \"For other uses\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو ۽ 5 کان پوءِ وارن پيراميٽرن کي نظرانداز ڪندو.", "required": true }, "4": { "label": "ٻيو صفحو 2", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "ٻئي ٻئي صفحي جو عنوان. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي ۽ پيراميٽر 3 موجود هجي، ته \"[page title] (disambiguation)\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو." }, "5": { "label": "ٻيو استعمال 3", "type": "string", "description": "عنوان جو ٽيون ٻيو استعمال ڇا آهي. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي، ته \"For other uses\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو ۽ 7 کان پوءِ وارن پيراميٽرن کي نظرانداز ڪندو." }, "6": { "label": "ٻيو صفحو 3", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "ٽئين ٻئي صفحي جو عنوان. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي ۽ پيراميٽر 5 موجود هجي، ته \"[page title] (disambiguation)\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو." }, "7": { "label": "ٻيو استعمال 4", "type": "string", "description": "عنوان جو چوٿون ٻيو استعمال ڇا آهي. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي، ته \"For other uses\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو." }, "8": { "label": "ٻيو صفحو 4", "type": "wiki-page-name", "description": "چوٿين ٻئي صفحي جو عنوان. جيڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪيو وڃي يا خالي هجي ۽ پيراميٽر 7 موجود هجي، ته \"[page title] (disambiguation)\" کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪندو." } }, "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * [[:زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] * {{tl|Disambiguation}} – پڙهندڙن کي ساڳين يا مشابه نالن وارا ٻيا مضمون ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڏيڻ لاءِ. مضمون جي هيٺان رکيو ويندو آهي. * {{tl|For}} – گهڻن مضمونن يا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ؛ مثال طور ''ساڳين اصطلاحن لاء، ڏسو مضمون اي ، مضمون بي ۽ مضمون سي .'' * {{tl|Other uses}} – ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ؛ مثال طور ''ٻين استعمالن لاء ، ڏسو ٽارگيٽ (سلجھائپ).'' * {{tl|Redirect}} – اهڙي مضمون ۾ ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻ لاءِ جيڪو [[وڪيپيڊيا:PRIMARYREDIRECT|redirect جو بنيادي موضوع]] هجي * {{tl|WikiProject Disambiguation}} – سلجھائپ واري ڳالهه ٻولهه صفحن لاءِ * [[وڪيپيڊيا:Hatnote]] {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> bo43or7x9a3jtuyp3sykz5erw1q5jor 828 96613 377536 2026-05-14T20:47:02Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڄاڻايل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Format link|ماڊيول:Hatnote|ماڊيول:Arguments}} == وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال == هي ماڊيول سڌو سنئون وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال لاءِ تيار ن... 377536 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڄاڻايل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Format link|ماڊيول:Hatnote|ماڊيول:Arguments}} == وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال == هي ماڊيول سڌو سنئون وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال لاءِ تيار نه ڪيو ويو آهي، جيتوڻيڪ <code>forSee</code> شروعاتي <code>frame</code> آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي ۽ ممڪن طور وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو، مثال طور: *<code><nowiki>{{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}}</nowiki></code> → {{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}} == لوا مان استعمال == ماڊيول کي سڏڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪريو: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list')</syntaxhighlight> يا اهڙو ئي ڪو ٻيو طريقو، پوءِ ان جي طريقن تائين <code>mHatList</code> متغير (يا جيڪو به نالو استعمال ڪيو ويو هجي) ذريعي رسائي حاصل ڪريو. ===ائنڊ لسٽ=== <code>andList</code> ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ هڪ فهرست وٺندو آهي، ۽ مناسب هنڌن تي "and" ۽ ڪاما سان الڳ ڪيل فهرست واري اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ===orList=== <code>orList</code> ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ هڪ فهرست وٺندو آهي، ۽ مناسب هنڌن تي "or" ۽ ڪاما سان الڳ ڪيل فهرست واري اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ===forSee=== <code>_forSee</code> ٽي آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي: خالي قدرن کان پاڪ ۽ ٽرم ڪيل آرگومينٽن جي ٽيبل، هڪ "from" نمبر جيڪو شروعاتي فھرستبندي طئي ڪري ٿو، ۽ هڪ اختياري جدول؛ ۽ اهو "<code><nowiki>For X, see [[Y]]</nowiki></code>" جملن جو اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ڳنڍڻيون [[ماڊيول:Hatnote]] جي طريقن ذريعي فارميٽ ڪيون وينديون آهن. سهولت طور، <code>forSee</code> طريقو (شروعاتي انڊر اسڪور کان سواءِ) ساڳيا آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي، پر بحث جدول بدران فريم سان، ۽ بحثن کي اڳواٽ روان ڪرڻ لاءِ [[ماڊيول:Arguments]] مان <code>getArgs()</code> استعمال ڪندو آهي. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيول| ]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزڪاري صفحا]] </noinclude> ofthnz3erlcop6ziwikv6rk7phqpvxj 377537 377536 2026-05-14T20:47:51Z Intisar Ali 8681 /* لوا مان استعمال */ 377537 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڄاڻايل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{used in system|in [[MediaWiki:Wantedpages-summary]]}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Format link|ماڊيول:Hatnote|ماڊيول:Arguments}} == وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال == هي ماڊيول سڌو سنئون وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال لاءِ تيار نه ڪيو ويو آهي، جيتوڻيڪ <code>forSee</code> شروعاتي <code>frame</code> آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي ۽ ممڪن طور وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال ٿي سگهي ٿو، مثال طور: *<code><nowiki>{{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}}</nowiki></code> → {{hatnote|PREFIX {{#invoke:Hatnote list|forSee|{{tl|For}}|Module:For|{{tl|About}}|Module:About}} POSTFIX}} == لوا مان استعمال == ماڊيول کي سڏڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪريو: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua">local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list')</syntaxhighlight> يا اهڙو ئي ڪو ٻيو طريقو، پوءِ ان جي طريقن تائين <code>mHatList</code> متغير (يا جيڪو به نالو استعمال ڪيو ويو هجي) ذريعي رسائي حاصل ڪريو. ===ائنڊ لسٽ=== <code>andList</code> ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ هڪ فهرست وٺندو آهي، ۽ مناسب هنڌن تي "and" ۽ ڪاما سان الڳ ڪيل فهرست واري اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ===آر لسٽ=== <code>orList</code> ٽيبل جي صورت ۾ هڪ فهرست وٺندو آهي، ۽ مناسب هنڌن تي "or" ۽ ڪاما سان الڳ ڪيل فهرست واري اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ===ڏسڻ لاء=== <code>_forSee</code> ٽي آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي: خالي قدرن کان پاڪ ۽ ٽرم ڪيل آرگومينٽن جي ٽيبل، هڪ "from" نمبر جيڪو شروعاتي فھرستبندي طئي ڪري ٿو، ۽ هڪ اختياري جدول؛ ۽ اهو "<code><nowiki>For X, see [[Y]]</nowiki></code>" جملن جو اسٽرنگ واپس ڪندو آهي. ڳنڍڻيون [[ماڊيول:Hatnote]] جي طريقن ذريعي فارميٽ ڪيون وينديون آهن. سهولت طور، <code>forSee</code> طريقو (شروعاتي انڊر اسڪور کان سواءِ) ساڳيا آرگومينٽ وٺندو آهي، پر بحث جدول بدران فريم سان، ۽ بحثن کي اڳواٽ روان ڪرڻ لاءِ [[ماڊيول:Arguments]] مان <code>getArgs()</code> استعمال ڪندو آهي. <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيول| ]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> [[زمرو:ماڊيول دستاويزڪاري صفحا]] </noinclude> 51g2bg9x2cn25kp98i4s1aohxs2qqv2 10 96614 377541 2026-05-14T20:59:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} {{for|navboxes|Template:Navigation templates}} {{notice|هن سانچي جي استعمال سان مضمون جي عنوان جو '''ابهام سلجهائپ صفحو''' پيدا نٿو ٿئي. ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن بابت معلومات لاءِ [[وڪيپيڊيا:Disambiguation]] ڏسو.}} {{High-use}} {{template shortcut|other|ou}} {{lua|Module:Other uses}} هي سانچو هڪ نوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو پڙهند... 377541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{for|navboxes|Template:Navigation templates}} {{notice|هن سانچي جي استعمال سان مضمون جي عنوان جو '''ابهام سلجهائپ صفحو''' پيدا نٿو ٿئي. ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن بابت معلومات لاءِ [[وڪيپيڊيا:Disambiguation]] ڏسو.}} {{High-use}} {{template shortcut|other|ou}} {{lua|Module:Other uses}} هي سانچو هڪ نوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو پڙهندڙ کي ان [[وڪيپيڊيا:سلجھائپ|ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي]] ڏانهن رهنمائي ڪري ٿو جيڪو انهي صفحي سان لاڳاپيل هجي جنهن ۾ هي شامل ڪيو ويو آهي. جنهن صفحي ڏانهن رهنمائي ڪئي وڃي ٿي، اهو اهڙو صفحو ٿي سگهي ٿو جنهن جو نالو موجوده صفحي جي نالي سان گڏ "(سلجھائپ)" لڳل هجي. يا توهان صارف کي مختلف عنوان واري ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي ڏانهن به موڙي سگهو ٿا، جيڪڏهن ان کي سانچي ۾ آرگومينٽ طور مهيا ڪيو وڃي. ==استعمال== صفحي [[ٽارگيٽ]] تي پاڻ '''{{Tlx|Other uses}}''' هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{other uses|Target (disambiguation)}} '''{{Tlx|Other uses|A}}''' هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{Other uses|A}} '''{{Tlx|Other uses|A|B}}''' هي نتيجو ڏئي ٿو: {{Other uses|A|B}} ساڳيو نتيجو ڪنهن ٻئي صفحي تي حاصل ڪرڻ لاءِ '''{{Tlx|Other uses|Target (disambiguation)}}''' استعمال ڪريو. ==هي سانچو ڪڏهن استعمال ڪجي== هي سانچو اهڙن صفحن تي استعمال ڪري سگهجي ٿو جن جا عنوان مبهم هجن، ته جيئن انهن پڙهندڙن کي، جيڪي ساڳئي نالي وارو ٻيو مضمون پڙهڻ چاهيندا هجن، [[وڪيپيڊيا:سلجھائپ|ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي]] ڏانهن رهنمائي ڪري سگهجي. مهرباني ڪري اهڙي صفحي ڏانهن ڳنڍيو جنهن جي عنوان ۾ "(سلجھائپ)" لفظ شامل هجي (جيڪڏهن اهڙو صفحو موجود هجي)، جيئن مٿي مثال ۾ ڏيکاريل آهي ۽ [[وڪيپيڊيا:INTDABLINK|هتي]] تجويز ڪيل آهي. ==هي سانچو ڪڏهن استعمال نه ڪجي== {{Further|وڪيپيڊيا:ھيٽنوٽ#سلجھائپ واري مضمونن جا نالا جيڪي ابھام وارا ناھن}} هي سانچو اهڙي مضمون تي استعمال نه ڪريو جنهن جو عنوان غير مبهم هجي؛ مثال طور، جيڪو پڙهندڙ خاص طور "پيرس, ورجينيا" ڳولي رهيو هجي، اهو شايد فرانس (يا ڪنهن ٻي هنڌ) واري شهر بابت مضمون نه ڳولي رهيو هجي، تنهن ڪري [[پيرس, ورجينيا]] مضمون جي مٿان {{tlx|other uses|پيرس (سلجھائپ)}} شامل ڪرڻ ''مناسب نه'' هوندو. ان کان علاوه، هي سانچو اهڙي مضمون ڏانهن ڳنڍڻ لاءِ استعمال نه ڪريو جيڪو ابهام سلجهائپ صفحو نه هجي؛ ان مقصد لاءِ هيٺ ڏنل ٻين [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھيٽنوٽ|هيٽ نوٽ سانچن]] مان ڪو وڌيڪ مناسب ٿي سگهي ٿو. == سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "description": "هي سانچو هڪ نوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو پڙهندڙ کي انهي صفحي سان لاڳاپيل ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي ڏانهن رهنمائي ڪري ٿو جنهن ۾ اهو شامل ڪيو ويو آهي.", "params": { "1": { "label": "نشاني وارو صفحو", "description": "هي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪريو ته جيئن صارف کي مختلف عنوان واري ابهام سلجهائپ صفحي ڏانهن موڙي سگهجي.", "type": "wiki-page-name" } } } </templatedata> ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * [[:زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] * {{tl|Disambiguation}} – پڙهندڙن کي ساڳين يا مشابه نالن وارا ٻيا مضمون ڳولڻ ۾ مدد ڏيڻ لاءِ. مضمون جي هيٺان رکيو ويندو آهي. * {{tl|For}} – گهڻن مضمونن يا ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ؛ مثال طور ''For similar terms, see ArticleA, ArticleB, and ArticleC.'' * {{tl|For-multi}} – {{tl|For}} جهڙو، پر گهڻن استعمالن کي فهرست ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو؛ مثال طور ''For UseA, see ArticleA and ArticleB.'' * {{tl|Redirect}} – اهڙي مضمون ۾ ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻ لاءِ جيڪو [[وڪيپيڊيا: پرائمري ريڊائريڪٽ|رخ موڙ جو بنيادي موضوع]] هجي {{hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:ابهام سلجهائپ ۽ رخ موڙيندڙ هيٽ نوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> guv22nbpr7oltt0fd0eeaody8fa5yrd 828 96615 377543 2026-05-14T21:10:23Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڄاڻايل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{high-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} هي ماڊيول ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻ لاءِ "ٻيا استعمال" هيٽ نوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو. اهو {{tl|other uses}} سانچي کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو. == وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان... 377543 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان ڄاڻايل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{high-risk}} {{Module rating|protected}} هي ماڊيول ابهام سلجهائپ صفحن ڏانهن ڳنڍڻ لاءِ "ٻيا استعمال" هيٽ نوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو. اهو {{tl|other uses}} سانچي کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو. == وڪي ٽيڪسٽ مان استعمال == ===ٻيا استعمال ()=== <code>otheruses()</code> فنڪشن سڌو سنئون {{tl|other uses}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو ۽ شايد ان کي ٻي ڪنهن هنڌ استعمال نه ڪرڻ گهرجي. ===ٻيو ايڪس ()=== <code>otherX()</code> فنڪشن اهڙن سانچن جي سڌي لاڳو ڪرڻ جي اجازت ڏئي ٿو جيڪي {{tl|other uses}} کان صرف لفظي انداز ۾ مختلف هجن. مثال طور، جتي {{tl|other uses}} ۾ "ٻيا استعمال" جو جملو استعمال ٿئي ٿو، اتي {{tl|other places}} ۾ "ساڳئي نالي سان ٻيون جايون" استعمال ٿئي ٿو، ۽ ان کي <code>otherX()</code> ذريعي لاڳو ڪري سگهجي ٿو، جيڪو ماڊيول انووڪيشن وقت معمول واري لفظن کي پيراميٽر طور وٺندو آهي. خاص طور تي {{tl|other places}} کي هيٺين وڪي ٽيڪسٽ سان لاڳو ڪري سگهجي ٿو: <syntaxhighlight lang="text">{{#invoke:other uses|otherX|places with the same name}}</syntaxhighlight> نوٽ ڪريو ته شروعاتي "ٻيو" پاڻمرادو شامل ڪيو ويندو آهي؛ جيڪڏهن ڪو سانچو اهڙو جملو استعمال نه ڪري، ته ان کي <code>otherX()</code> استعمال نه ڪرڻ گهرجي. == لوا مان استعمال == Lua مان هن ماڊيول کي استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ، پهرين ماڊيول لوڊ ڪريو: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> local mOtheruses = require('Module:Other uses') </syntaxhighlight> ان کان پوءِ ماڊيول جا فنڪشن <code>_otheruses()</code> ذريعي استعمال ڪري سگهجن ٿا: <syntaxhighlight lang="lua"> mOtheruses._otheruses(args, options) </syntaxhighlight> === <code>_otheruses()</code> جا پيراميٽر === ;args :هڪ ٽيبل جنهن ۾ لنڪ متن جا اسٽرنگ هجن، بغير ڏنگين جي. مثال طور: <code>{"PAGE1", "PAGE2#SECTION", "PAGE3<nowiki>|</nowiki>LABEL"}</code>. پڪ ڪريو ته ان ۾ وٿيون يا خالي ملھ نه هجن، ڇاڪاڻ ته اهي ماڊيول جي استعمال ڪيل <code>mw.text.listToText()</code> فنڪشن کي پريشان ڪري سگهن ٿا. جيڪڏهن شڪ هجي، ته [[ماڊيول:TableTools]] مان <code>compressSparseArray()</code> استعمال ڪريو. هي خالي يا nil ٿي سگهي ٿو. ;options :هڪ ٽيبل جنهن ۾ ڪيترائي اختياري نالن وارا ملھ هجن؛ توهان کي گهٽ ۾ گهٽ <code>options.defaultPage</code> يا <code>options.title</code> مان هڪ ضرور مهيا ڪرڻو پوندو؛ اڪثر حالتن ۾ ٻئي کي <code>mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText</code> تي مقرر ڪرڻ مناسب هوندو. هيٺيان اختيار سپورٽ ٿيل آهن: :*<code>defaultPage</code>: اسٽرنگ؛ جڏهن ڪو آرگومينٽ فراهم نه ڪيو وڃي ته ڳنڍيل صفحي کي مڪمل طور اوور رائيڊ ڪري ٿو :*<code>title</code>: اسٽرنگ؛ "(سلجھائپ)" سفڪس کان اڳ استعمال ٿيندڙ عنوان مقرر ڪري ٿو :*<code>disambiguator</code>: اسٽرنگ؛ سفڪس ۾ "سلجھائپ" کي بدلائي ٿو :*<code>otherText</code>: اسٽرنگ؛ "ٻيا استعمال" ۾ "استعمالن" کي بدلائي ٿو <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ انٽروڪيز وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽ نوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly> nyi94ucqfhpi5tnjbk5nqgzjofgu3df 10 96616 377548 2026-05-14T21:17:30Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Other uses of}} هي سانچو هڪ وضاحتي [[وڪيپيڊيا:هيٽنَوٽ|هيٽنَوٽ]] پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ اهو تڏهن استعمال ٿيندو آهي جڏهن ڪو اصطلاح جيڪو موضوع ڏانهن اشارو ڪري ٿو، وضاحت طلب هجي، پر اهو صفحي جو عنوان نه هجي (جنهن صورت ۾ {{tl|other uses}} وڌيڪ مناسب آهي) يا ريڊائريڪٽ نه... 377548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{lua|ماڊيول:Other uses of}} هي سانچو هڪ وضاحتي [[وڪيپيڊيا:هيٽنَوٽ|هيٽنَوٽ]] پيدا ڪري ٿو۔ اهو تڏهن استعمال ٿيندو آهي جڏهن ڪو اصطلاح جيڪو موضوع ڏانهن اشارو ڪري ٿو، وضاحت طلب هجي، پر اهو صفحي جو عنوان نه هجي (جنهن صورت ۾ {{tl|other uses}} وڌيڪ مناسب آهي) يا ريڊائريڪٽ نه هجي (جنهن صورت ۾ {{tl|redirect}} وڌيڪ مناسب آهي)۔ =="''جي ٻين استعمالن لاءِ …، ڏسو …''"== * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE}} → {{Other uses of|USE}} * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE|PAGE1}} → {{Other uses of|USE|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE|topic{{=}}comics|PAGE1}} → {{Other uses of|USE|topic=comics|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE1|USE2|PAGE1}} → {{Other uses of|USE1|USE2|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE1|USE2|USE3|PAGE1}} → {{Other uses of|USE1|USE2|USE3|PAGE1}} * {{tlx|Other uses of|USE1|USE2|USE3|topic{{=}}comics|PAGE1}} → {{Other uses of|USE1|USE2|USE3|topic=comics|PAGE1}} ==نگراني زمرو== هن سانچي جي غلط استعمالن کي [[:زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ سانچا جيڪي غيرمعمولي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪن ٿا]] ذريعي ٽريڪ ڪيو ويندو آهي۔ عام طور تي درستگي لاءِ {{tl|Other uses}} استعمال ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[زمرو:وضاحت ۽ ريڊائريڪٽ هيٽنَوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> rzki9hkfsc6iwkbu8p4f4jnwyiir92o 828 96617 377549 2026-05-14T21:19:07Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local mArguments -- ضرورت پوڻ تي دير سان لوڊ ٿيندو local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mOtheruses = require('Module:Other uses') local yesNo = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.otherusesof (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._otherusesof(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) end function p._otherusesof (args) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() l... 377549 Scribunto text/plain local mArguments -- ضرورت پوڻ تي دير سان لوڊ ٿيندو local mHatList = require('Module:Hatnote list') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mOtheruses = require('Module:Other uses') local yesNo = require('Module:Yesno') local p = {} function p.otherusesof (frame) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._otherusesof(mArguments.getArgs(frame)) end function p._otherusesof (args) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local prefixedText = currentTitle.prefixedText local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end local page = args[maxArg] if maxArg == 1 then page = mHatnote.disambiguate(page) end local ofWhat = nil if maxArg > 2 then local pages = {} local midPages = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k < maxArg then midPages[k] = mHatnote.quote(v) end end for i = 1, maxArg do if midPages[i] then pages[#pages + 1] = midPages[i] end end ofWhat = mHatList.orList(pages) end if not ofWhat then ofWhat = mHatnote.quote(args[1] or prefixedText) end local options = { title = ofWhat, otherText = args.topic and string.format('%s جي %s ۾ ٻين استعمالن', ofWhat, args.topic) or string.format('%s جي ٻين استعمالن', ofWhat) } local skipCat = (currentTitle.isTalkPage or (currentTitle.namespace == 2)) or (yesNo(args.category) == false) local oddCat = skipCat and '' or "[[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ سانچا جيڪي غيرمعمولي پيراميٽر استعمال ڪن ٿا]]" if (mw.ustring.lower(args[1] or "") == mw.ustring.lower(prefixedText)) and maxArg <= 2 or ((not args[1]) and (not args[2])) then options.otherText = options.otherText .. oddCat end arg = page and {page} or {} return mOtheruses._otheruses(arg, options) end return p h6lagfejsx3hzu36qsfoavjc1zocv0q 828 96618 377550 2026-05-14T21:20:37Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> ==استعمال== هن ماڊيول کي نه سڌو سنئون سڏيو وڃي ۽ نه ئي Lua مان استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان جي بدران {{tl|other uses of}} سانچو استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAG... 377550 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> ==استعمال== هن ماڊيول کي نه سڌو سنئون سڏيو وڃي ۽ نه ئي Lua مان استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ ان جي بدران {{tl|other uses of}} سانچو استعمال ڪيو وڃي۔ <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox | | <!-- هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly> evik0dcntzvjg15pskl1nuk5fhcphpd 10 96619 377552 2026-05-14T21:24:49Z Intisar Ali 8681 Intisar Ali صفحي [[سانچو:Self reference]] کي [[سانچو:Self-reference]] ڏانھن چوريو: مناسب عنوان ڏنو ويو 377552 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[سانچو:Self-reference]] pthvkw6jvqcuqadm6u7tzhlwjj4io6m 10 96620 377554 2026-05-14T21:35:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو --> === استعمال === === لاڳاپيل صفحا === {{Distinguish|سانچو:Self-reference cleanup|سانچو:No self link}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|سوين}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو۔ --> {{Never substitu... 377554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺان شامل ڪريو --> === استعمال === === لاڳاپيل صفحا === {{Distinguish|سانچو:Self-reference cleanup|سانچو:No self link}} {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use|سوين}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان شامل ڪريو، ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو۔ --> {{Never substitute}} {{tlf|Self-reference}} سانچو هڪ [[وپ:هيٽنَوٽ|هيٽنَوٽ]] پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو [[وپ:وڪيپيڊيا مواد جو ٻيهر استعمال|وڪيپيڊيا جي مواد جي ڪنهن به ٻيهر استعمال]] ۾ ظاهر نه ٿيندو، جنهن ۾ مقالي جو [[وڪيپيڊيا:Keyboard_shortcuts#List_of_access_keys|ڇاپي لائق نسخو]] پڻ شامل آهي۔ هن سانچي جو مقصد اهڙي معلومات ڏيکارڻ آهي جيڪا صرف اُن پڙهندڙ لاءِ لاڳاپيل هجي جيڪو مقالو سڌو سنئون وڪيپيڊيا اندر ڏسي رهيو هجي۔ اهڙي معلومات ۾ [[وپ:ڊيب|وضاحت]] وارو بيان شامل ٿي سگهي ٿو جيڪو ڪنهن [[وپ:مدد|وڪيپيڊيا مدد]] واري صفحي ڏانهن اشارو ڪري يا ايڊيٽرن لاءِ ڪا هدايت هجي۔ ([[وپ:اصطلاحن جي فهرست|وڪيپيڊيا جي اصطلاحات]] ۾، انهن کي خود-حوالو جون صورتون چيو ويندو آهي۔) گهڻن هيٽنَوٽ سانچن جي ابتڙ، {{tlf|Self-reference}} وٽ اڳواٽ متن، لنڪ ٺاهڻ يا اٽاليڪ کان سواءِ ڪا فارميٽنگ ناهي۔ <code><nowiki>{{Self-reference|Foo}}</nowiki></code> صرف ''فو'' واپس ڪندو۔ ڪيترائي هيٽنَوٽ سانچا جيڪي مددگار اڳواٽ متن ۽ لنڪنگ رکن ٿا، جهڙوڪ {{t|for}} ۽ {{t|about}}، {{para|selfref}} پيراميٽر کي سپورٽ ڪن ٿا، جيڪو انهن کي {{tlf|Self-reference}} جهڙي ئي ڪارڪردگي ڏئي ٿو؛ تنهنڪري گهڻين حالتن ۾ اهي وڌيڪ بهتر اختيار آهن۔ اڪثر حالتن ۾ وڪيپيڊيا منصوبي ڏانهن حوالا ڏيڻ جي همٿ افزائي نٿي ڪئي وڃي، ۽ هن سانچي جا جائز استعمال تمام گهٽ آهن۔ [[وڪيپيڊيا:Self-references to avoid|بچڻ لائق خود-حوالا]] جي فهرست جو جائزو وٺڻ فائديمند آهي۔ ==استعمال== اڪثر حالتن ۾ {{tlf|Self-reference}} استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي ته جيئن مقالي واري نالي واري جاءِ مان "وڪيپيڊيا:" نيم اسپيس جي ڪنهن صفحي ڏانهن وضاحتي لنڪ ٺاهي سگهجي؛ مثال طور، صفحو [[آبجيڪٽوٽي (وضاحت)]] مٿي هڪ خود-حوالائي "[[وپ:هيٽنَوٽ|هيٽنَوٽ]]" لنڪ رکي سگهي ٿو: <code><nowiki>{{Self-reference|وڪيپيڊيا جي جانبداري کان بچڻ واري پاليسي لاءِ، ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:غيرجانبدار نقطئه نظر]].}}</nowiki></code>۔ جڏهن {{tlf|Self-reference}} هن طريقي سان استعمال ڪيو وڃي، تڏهن هي فارميٽ استعمال ڪريو: <pre> {{Self-reference|ڏيکارڻ لاءِ خود-حوالائي نوٽيس، جنهن ۾ [[MOS:LINK|لنڪون]] شامل هجن۔}} </pre> جنهن مان هي نتيجو نڪرندو: {{Self-reference|ڏيکارڻ لاءِ خود-حوالائي نوٽيس، جنهن ۾ [[MOS:LINK|لنڪون]] شامل هجن۔}} اٽاليڪ صورت ۾، يعني خود-حوالائي نوٽن لاءِ وڪيپيڊيا جي معياري طرز ۾، ۽ ان کان اڳ ۽ پوءِ ٻنهي طرفن کان لائين بريڪ سان۔ ان لائن استعمال لاءِ، يعني متن جي وچ ۾، جملي اندر، ۽ {{em|نه}} هيٽنَوٽ طور، بغير indentation ۽ line breaking جي، {{tlx|Self-reference inline}} استعمال ڪريو: <pre> {{Self-reference inline|ڏيکارڻ لاءِ خود-حوالائي متن، جنهن ۾ [[MOS:LINKS|لنڪون]] شامل هجن۔}} </pre> جنهن مان هي نتيجو نڪرندو: {{Self-reference inline|ڏيکارڻ لاءِ خود-حوالائي متن، جنهن ۾ [[MOS:LINKS|لنڪون]] شامل هجن۔}} (هتي ساڳي سٽ تي ٻين مواد سان ڏيکاريل آهي۔) سانچو {{tnull|Self-reference}} وٽ {{para||inline}} پيراميٽر پڻ آهي: <pre> {{Self-reference|ڏيکارڻ لاءِ خود-حوالائي متن، جنهن ۾ [[MOS:LINKS|لنڪون]] شامل هجن۔|inline}} </pre> بهرحال، {{as of |alt=2019ع جي شروعات تائين|2019|01|post=،}} اهو هميشه صحيح نموني ڪم نٿو ڪري، ۽ ڪجهه حالتن ۾ لائين بريڪ پيدا ڪري سگهي ٿو۔ ===ڇپائي لائق نه هجڻ وارو مواد=== ڪڏهن ڪڏهن اهڙو ٻيو، غير خود-حوالائي مواد هوندو آهي جيڪو مررن، ڇپيل نسخن، يا وڪيپيڊيا مواد جي ٻين ٻيهر استعمالن ۾ ظاهر نه ٿيڻ گهرجي، ۽ جنهن کي خود-حوالو طور اٽاليڪ به نه ڏيکارڻ گهرجي۔ اهڙي غير ڇپائي لائق مواد کي {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} سانچي سان نشان لڳائڻ بهتر آهي، جيڪو <code>noprint</code> CSS ڪلاس شامل ڪري ٿو، پر <code>plainlinks</code> ڪلاس شامل نٿو ڪري، ڇو ته اهڙي مواد جون لنڪون اندروني خود-حوالا نه هونديون آهن۔ جيتوڻيڪ سڀئي [[وڪيپيڊيا:عڪس ۽ فورڪس|مرر سائيٽون]] ائين نٿيون ڪن، پر وڪيپيڊيا مواد جو ٻيهر استعمال ڪندڙ اهڙو مواد آساني سان هٽائي سگهن ٿا، جيڪڏهن هو هن سانچي يا وڌيڪ صحيح طور تي <code>selfreference</code> CSS ڪلاس سان نشان لڳايل مواد کي نظرانداز يا حذف ڪن۔ '''نوٽ: هيٺ ڏنل نحو 2008ع کان پراڻي ٿي چڪي آهي، ۽ جيڪڏهن توهان کي اها نظر اچي ته ان کي هيٺ بيان ڪيل طريقي مطابق تبديل ڪريو۔''' {{tlf|Selfref}} جو هڪ {{em|فرسوده}}، 2008ع کان اڳ وارو پراڻو استعمال موجود هو، جيڪو اهڙن غير ڇپائي لائق ڪيسن لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو هو، ۽ {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} سانچي کان به اڳ جو آهي۔ اهو صرف سانچي کي پائيپ اکر &ndash; <code>|</code> سان ختم ڪرڻ هو: {{dc2|1=<pre> {{Selfref|بغير خود-حوالائي اسٽائلنگ جي ڏيکارڻ لاءِ غير ڇپائي لائق متن|}} </pre>}} هن طريقي تي ڀروسو نٿو ڪري سگهجي۔ هڪ ڳالهه ته ڪيترائي ايڊيٽر آخري پائيپ کي غلطي سمجهي هٽائي ڇڏيندا، جنهن سان سانچو هڪ انڊينٽ ٿيلئخود-حوالو هيٽنَوٽ ۾ تبديل ٿي ويندو! ان کان علاوه، 2008ع کان پوءِ اهو استعمال به ناهي ٿيو۔ جيڪي استعمال اڃا باقي آهن انهن کي {{tl|Self-reference inline}} سان، جيڪڏهن واقعي خود-حوالو هجي، يا {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} سان، جيڪڏهن صرف غير ڇپائي لائق هجي، تبديل ڪرڻ گهرجي۔ ==مثال== {|border=1 class="wikitable" ! ڪوڊ !! وڪيپيڊيا تي صفحو !! [ڪنهن] مرر تي صفحو |- | <code><nowiki>{{Self-reference|وڪيپيڊيا سينڊباڪس لاءِ، ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا: ريتخانو]].}}</nowiki></code> <code><nowiki>وڪيپيڊيا سينڊباڪس وڪيپيڊيا تي هڪ صفحو آهي۔ {{Self-reference|(توهان ان کي صفحي تي "سنواريو" تي ڪلڪ ڪري سنواري سگهو ٿا.)|inline}} اهو ڪيترائي ڀيرا سنواريو ويو آهي۔</nowiki></code> | {{Self-reference|وڪيپيڊيا ريتخاني لاءِ، ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:ريتخانو]].}} وڪيپيڊيا سينڊباڪس وڪيپيڊيا تي هڪ صفحو آهي۔ {{سيلف-ريفرنس|(توهان ان کي صفحي تي "سنواريو" تي ڪلڪ ڪري سنواري سگهو ٿا.)|inline}} اهو ڪيترائي ڀيرا سنواريو ويو آهي۔ | وڪيپيڊيا سينڊباڪس وڪيپيڊيا تي هڪ صفحو آهي۔ اهو ڪيترائي ڀيرا سنواريو ويو آهي۔ |} ==سانچائي ڊيٽا== {{TemplateData header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "متن", "description": "پورو وڪي ٽيڪسٽ۔", "type": "content", "required": true, "example": "جانبداري کان بچڻ بابت وڪيپيڊيا جي پاليسي لاءِ، [[وڪيپيڊيا:غيرجانبدار نقطئه نظر]] ڏسو۔" } }, "description": "هي سانچو هڪ هيٽنَوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو وڪيپيڊيا جي مواد جي ڪنهن به ٻيهر استعمال ۾ ظاهر نه ٿيندو، جنهن ۾ مقالي جو ڇاپي لائق نسخو به شامل آهي۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * [[وڪيپيڊيا:Self-references to avoid|بچڻ لائق خود-حوالا]] * {{tl|Self-reference inline}} * {{tl|Crossreference}}، ان لائن "(وڌيڪ ڏسو ...)" لاءِ، بلاڪ-سطح لاءِ نه * {{tl|Self-reference link}}، ان ابتڙ حالت لاءِ جڏهن توهان وڪيپيڊيا نيم اسپيس ڏانهن اهڙي لنڪ چاهيو جيڪا مررن ۾ به ظاهر ٿئي ۽ خراب نه ٿئي، مثال طور جڏهن وڪيپيڊيا يا ان سان لاڳاپيل ڪنهن شيءِ بابت مقالو لکجي۔ * {{tl|Printworthy self-reference}} – انهن خود-حوالائي ڪيسن لاءِ جيڪي ڇپائي لائق آهن ۽ وڪيپيڊيا مواد جي ٻيهر استعمال ڪندڙن لاءِ گهربل به ٿي سگهن ٿا يا نه به، ان تي دارومدار آهي ته اهي مرر ٺاهي رهيا آهن يا صرف انفرادي مقالا استعمال ڪري رهيا آهن * {{tl|Unprintworthy inline}} – اهڙي ان لائن مواد لاءِ جيڪو ڇپائي لائق نه هجي پر ٽيڪنيڪي طور خود-حوالو نه هجي {{Navbox hatnote templates|state=collapsed}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو۔ --> [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا خود-حوالو سانچا]]<!--هن سانچي جي ٻنهي صورتن لاءِ۔--> [[زمرو:وضاحت ۽ ريڊائريڪٽ هيٽنَوٽ سانچا]]<!--DAB صفحن جي مٿان گهڻي استعمال لاءِ؛ فني طور اهو DAB/redir سانچو ناهي۔--> [[زمرو:وڪيپيڊيا صفحي-سيڪشن سانچا]]<!--صرف هيٽنَوٽ استعمال لاءِ۔--> [[زمرو:ڪراس-ريفرنس سانچا]]<!--ان لائن استعمال لاءِ۔--> }}</includeonly> gnvbzmlw3i0iz6cvo1ac3t6uix5fzej 10 96621 377557 2026-05-14T21:42:44Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{#invoke:About-distinguish|aboutDistinguishText<noinclude>|ABC|XYZ</noinclude>}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 377557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:About-distinguish|aboutDistinguishText<noinclude>|ABC|XYZ</noinclude>}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> os7bpo9n3r42qdp1l8t2wblpbjjeez1 10 96622 377558 2026-05-14T21:48:10Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:About-distinguish}} {{Uses Wikidata|P21|P31}} {{tlx|About-distinguish}} هڪ سانچو آهي جيڪو ٻين استعمالن بابت نوٽ ڏيڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جڏهن ڪنهن ٻئي موضوع سان گڏي وڃڻ جو امڪان هجي۔ * {{tlx|About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} → {{About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} * {{tlx|About-distinguish-text|USE|TEXT}} → {{About-distinguish2|USE|TEXT}} *... 377558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:About-distinguish}} {{Uses Wikidata|P21|P31}} {{tlx|About-distinguish}} هڪ سانچو آهي جيڪو ٻين استعمالن بابت نوٽ ڏيڻ لاءِ استعمال ٿيندو آهي، جڏهن ڪنهن ٻئي موضوع سان گڏي وڃڻ جو امڪان هجي۔ * {{tlx|About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} → {{About-distinguish|USE|PAGE}} * {{tlx|About-distinguish-text|USE|TEXT}} → {{About-distinguish2|USE|TEXT}} * {{tlx|About-distinguish-text|USE|TEXT1|TEXT2|TEXT3}} (پنجن شين تائين فهرست ڏئي سگهجي ٿي) → {{About-distinguish2|USE|TEXT1|TEXT2|TEXT3}} جيڪڏهن صفحي جي وڪيڊيٽا شيءِ وٽ "انسان" هجڻ جي مثال واري خاصيت موجود هجي، ته پوءِ سانچو "اٽ" کي "ان ۾ ڀل نه کائو" ۾ وڌيڪ مناسب ضمير سان تبديل ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش ڪندو، جيڪا شيءِ جي "سيڪس يا جينڊر" خاصيت جي قدر جي بنياد تي هوندي۔ {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> kkj2z1meg2v9ujrbivmav5zkoc9wpv4 10 96623 377564 2026-05-14T22:00:36Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:About other people|aboutOtherPeople}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 377564 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:About other people|aboutOtherPeople}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 2zzy1o1mn7xale1cohr0ss6gnw0g7vs 10 96624 377565 2026-05-14T22:03:31Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:About other people}} هي سانچو {{tl|Other people}} وانگر ڪم ڪري ٿو، پر ان ۾ هڪ اضافي پيراميٽر شامل آهي جيڪو مقالي جي موضوع جي وضاحت ڪ... 377565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:About other people}} هي سانچو {{tl|Other people}} وانگر ڪم ڪري ٿو، پر ان ۾ هڪ اضافي پيراميٽر شامل آهي جيڪو مقالي جي موضوع جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو۔ ==استعمال== پهريون پيراميٽر لازمي آهي؛ ان کي خالي ڇڏڻ سان غلطي جو پيغام پيدا ٿيندو، ۽ هڪ سار سنڀال وارو زمرو پڻ شامل ٿيندو، جنهن کي <code>category</code> پيراميٽر کي ڪوڙي قدر ڏئي لڪائي سگهجي ٿو۔ مثال طور: * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|category=false}}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|category=false}} ٻيو پيراميٽر مبهم نالو مقرر ڪري ٿو، جنهن سان "ٻيا ماڻهو" وارو متن ان نالي سان شامل ٿي وڃي ٿو ۽ ڊفالٽ وضاحتي صفحو وڌيڪ بهتر بڻجي وڃي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|هڪ مثال شخص}}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|هڪ مثال شخص}} * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|هڪ مثال شخص|جين ڊو}}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|هڪ مثال شخص|جين ڊو}} {{tl|Other people}} وانگر، جڏهن ٻيو پيراميٽر مقرر ڪيو وڃي ته پيدا ٿيندڙ پيغام کي <code>named</code> پيراميٽر ذريعي ترتيب ڏئي سگهجي ٿو۔ مثال طور، <code>named=titled</code> مفيد ٿي سگهي ٿو: * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|ڪجهه "لارڊ بائرن" يا ٻيا|لارڊ بائرن|بيرن بائرن|named=titled}}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|ڪجهه "لارڊ بائرن" يا ٻيا|لارڊ بائرن|بائرن بائرن|named=titled}} ٽيون ۽ ان کان پوءِ وارا سڀ پيراميٽر هيٽنَوٽ لاءِ مرضي موجب حدف صفحا مقرر ڪن ٿا: * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|ABOUT|NAME|PAGE1}}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|ABOUT|NAME|PAGE1}} * <code><nowiki>{{About other people|ABOUT||PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}</nowiki></code> → {{About other people|ABOUT||PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3}} {{collapse|title=سانچي جي ڄاڻ|1= <templatedata> { "params": { "1": { "label": "صفحي جو موضوع", "description": "صفحي جي موضوع لاءِ وضاحت", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "نالو", "description": "وضاحت لاءِ نالو مقرر ڪري ٿو", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "3": { "label": "حدف صفحو 1", "description": "اهو صفحو جنهن ڏانهن وضاحتي پيغام اشارو ڪري", "type": "wiki-page-name", "suggested": true }, "4": { "label": "حدف صفحو 2", "description": "هڪ اضافي حدف صفحي جو نالو", "type": "wiki-page-name" }, "5": { "label": "حدف صفحو 3", "description": "هڪ اضافي حدف صفحي جو نالو", "type": "wiki-page-name" } }, "description": "اهڙو وضاحتي پيغام پيدا ڪري ٿو جيڪو پڙهندڙن کي هڪجهڙي يا ساڳئي نالي وارن ماڻهن بابت مقالن ۾ فرق ڪرڻ ۾ مدد ڏئي، ۽ ان کان اڳ مقالي جي موضوع بابت وضاحت ڪندڙ پيغام شامل هجي۔", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> }} {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ سانچا]] }}</includeonly> frau6u1ljal8yozvh6de2ftazu2v98r 828 96625 377566 2026-05-14T22:05:21Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: local mAbout = require('Module:About') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local p = {} local s = { -- متن emptySubject = 'صفحي جو موضوع مقرر نه ڪيو ويو', templateName = 'Template:About other people', andKeyword = '۽', otherPeopleNamedForm = '%s %s وارا ٻيا ماڻهو', named = 'نالي', otherPeopleSame = 'ساڳئي نالي وارا ٻيا ماڻهو', } function p.aboutOth... 377566 Scribunto text/plain local mAbout = require('Module:About') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') local p = {} local s = { -- متن emptySubject = 'صفحي جو موضوع مقرر نه ڪيو ويو', templateName = 'Template:About other people', andKeyword = '۽', otherPeopleNamedForm = '%s %s وارا ٻيا ماڻهو', named = 'نالي', otherPeopleSame = 'ساڳئي نالي وارا ٻيا ماڻهو', } function p.aboutOtherPeople (frame) local args = mArguments.getArgs(frame) -- جيڪڏهن args[1] نه هجي، ته ٻيو سانچو وڌيڪ مناسب هوندو! if not args[1] then return mHatnote.makeWikitextError( s.emptySubject, s.templateName, args.category ) end -- جيڪڏهن لاڳو ٿئي ته دليلن مان صفحا وٺو، args[2] کي ڊفالٽ طور استعمال ڪرڻ جي ڪوشش سان local pages = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > 2 then if pages[1] then table.insert(pages, s.andKeyword) end table.insert(pages, v) end end if #pages == 0 then pages = {args[2] and mHatnote.disambiguate(args[2])} end -- دليلن کي _about() لاءِ دليلن ۾ تبديل ڪريو۔ [2] کي nil رکيو ويو آهي ته جيئن otherText لازمي طور استعمال ٿئي۔ local returnArgs = {text = args.text, args[1], nil, unpack(pages)} local options = { otherText = (args[2] and string.format( s.otherPeopleNamedForm, args.named or s.named, args[2] ) ) or s.otherPeopleSame } return mAbout._about(returnArgs, options) end return p 8ep3145srp0dva88t9ol1n1nl35bj4v 828 96626 377567 2026-05-14T22:08:27Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{documentation subpage}} {{high-use|453}} {{tl|about other people}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly> 377567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{high-use|453}} {{tl|about other people}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly> 5gj0umuekmxy31naa8oggc6dliekzoy 10 96627 377568 2026-05-14T22:10:22Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <includeonly>{{#invoke:other uses|otherX|others with similar names}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 377568 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:other uses|otherX|others with similar names}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1w7h6o65thxpth7lc0u5wj23tjwlepb 10 96628 377569 2026-05-14T22:12:09Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Other uses}} * {{tlx|similar names|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} → {{similar names|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} اڪيلو صفحي جو نالو: * {{tlx|similar names|PAGE1}} &rarr; {{similar names|PAGE1}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{tl|Other people}} → {{Other people|Example}} {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الويڪي هتي شامل ڪريو، مهرباني --> ... 377569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} {{Lua|ماڊيول:Other uses}} * {{tlx|similar names|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} → {{similar names|PAGE1|PAGE2|PAGE3|PAGE4}} اڪيلو صفحي جو نالو: * {{tlx|similar names|PAGE1}} &rarr; {{similar names|PAGE1}} ==وڌيڪ ڏسو== * {{tl|Other people}} → {{Other people|Example}} {{Hatnote templates}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- زمرا ۽ بين الويڪي هتي شامل ڪريو، مهرباني --> [[زمرو:وضاحت ۽ ريڊائريڪٽ هيٽنَوٽ سانچا|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[ro:Format:AltePersoane]] }}</includeonly> n6dgimv579xxnyjfg79luxze9wi1kp6 10 96629 377574 2026-05-14T22:30:01Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Redirect-multi}} هي سانچو هڪ ريڊائريڪٽ هيٽنَوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو، جيڪو {{tl|redirect}} جهڙو هوندو آهي، ۽ اهو تڏهن استعمال ٿيندو آهي ج... 377574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{Lua|ماڊيول:Redirect-multi}} هي سانچو هڪ ريڊائريڪٽ هيٽنَوٽ پيدا ڪري ٿو، جيڪو {{tl|redirect}} جهڙو هوندو آهي، ۽ اهو تڏهن استعمال ٿيندو آهي جڏهن گهڻن ريڊائريڪٽن کي بيان ڪرڻ ضروري هجي۔ cijprje4y40knwpan7gfco0ftiioedt 828 96630 377576 2026-05-14T22:32:40Z Intisar Ali 8681 نئون صفحو: <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{tl|redirect-multi}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ م... 377576 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- مهرباني ڪري زمرا هن صفحي جي هيٺيان ڏنل هنڌ تي شامل ڪريو ۽ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي شامل ڪريو (ڏسو [[وڪيپيڊيا:وڪيڊيٽا]]) --> {{tl|redirect-multi}} کي لاڳو ڪري ٿو۔ <includeonly>{{sandbox other|| <!-- مهرباني ڪري هن لڪير کان هيٺ زمرا شامل ڪريو؛ بين الويڪي لنڪون وڪيڊيٽا تي --> [[زمرو:هيٽنَوٽ ماڊيول]] }}</includeonly> n1q5kiji3w96qe2a8azgzvdc91f1g69 10 96631 377583 2026-05-14T23:17:36Z Intisar Ali 8681 صفحي کي [[سانچو:Lua]] ڏانھن چوريو 377583 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو[[سانچو:Lua]] 1r8lu77nt7r6tacb2bt9qnbx60rydkr 0 96632 377590 2026-05-15T07:49:54Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ... 377590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. cl5uxm4w65m2zgak2jgyt3rywaovjiz 377591 377590 2026-05-15T07:51:08Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] b6nlpu5nlvtefchglj5br52b0bxco3r 377592 377591 2026-05-15T07:53:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:دريائن جا قسم]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] kqt5p14f1jylruq0u4pa2t8kehpuabs 377594 377592 2026-05-15T07:58:27Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ پاڻي جا جسم]] [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] ad0xknpn2i7n0o4npw2i82ft8b8lrv2 377595 377594 2026-05-15T09:51:35Z Ibne maryam 17680 added [[Category:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ پاڻي جا جسم]] [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] jqo9coefsn7058skmyg3yqfko1lltwj 377596 377595 2026-05-15T09:52:01Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:بنگلاديش ۾ پاڻي جا جسم]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377596 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] rxxujlfckmzxhhunjr2jidmgtkqjnyv 377597 377596 2026-05-15T09:52:41Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:بنگلاديش جا درياهه]]; added [[Category:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] e2r0igjchc7t2i6ej6urrzad2ar7fkt 377598 377597 2026-05-15T09:53:14Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:ڀارت جا درياهه]]; added [[Category:ڀارت جا پاڻي جا جسم]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا پاڻي جا جسم]] [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] 9jumvv1mjiq0jvec1j3xcko9yd5tosh 377599 377598 2026-05-15T09:57:09Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا */ 377599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''برهم پترا''' (Barhamputra River) هڪ سرحد پار درياهه آهي، جيڪو ڏکڻ اولهه چين، اتر اوڀر ڀارت ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] مان وهندو آهي. ان کي آسامي ۾ برهم پترا يا لوئٽ، تبتي ۾ يرلونگ سانگپو، اروناچليءَ ۾ سيانگ/ديهانگ درياهه ۽ [[بنگلاديش]] ۾ جمنا درياهه سڏيو ويندو آهي. پاڻ ۾ اهو وهڪري جي لحاظ کان دنيا جو 9 هون وڏو درياهه ۽ 15 هون ڊگهو درياهه آهي. ==حوالا== {{حوالا}} ==ٻاهريان ڳنڍڻا== [[زمرو:برهمپترا ندي]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] j93zlqtyuwryvvt5zptzbtpfdogs08c 14 96633 377600 2026-05-15T09:57:40Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] 377600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش-هندستان حد]] 59y9d4hgprmm9tr9adm1xiyxzp2ow2k 14 96634 377601 2026-05-15T09:58:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا پاڻي جا جسم]] 377601 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا پاڻي جا جسم]] r2kjeon1bgl0wl46ph5vtp31nxzjo3l 14 96635 377602 2026-05-15T09:58:57Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] 377602 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:درياهه بلحاظ ملڪ]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش جا پاڻي جا جسم]] qgr0l3bibvbxz7jdz25ww88f245pty1 14 96636 377604 2026-05-15T10:02:43Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377604 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] hsx1m8ndc7zgdh6kxyta53a1aa9lihj 377610 377604 2026-05-15T10:59:06Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377610 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:رگويدڪ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:دهلي جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:ھندومت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ چوٽي وارا درياهه]] [[زمرو:گنگا جو نيڪال جو طاس]] i733v1q83qk5af0a4r978yposxypha8 377623 377610 2026-05-15T11:11:44Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377623 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بنگلاديش ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:رگويدڪ درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:دهلي جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اترا کنڊ جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال جا درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:ھندومت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت ۾ مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ چوٽي وارا درياهه]] [[زمرو:گنگا جو نيڪال جو طاس]] nb9qrmtraoukrw56hl1rgwss502m2aj 14 96637 377611 2026-05-15T10:59:45Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:نيڪال جا طاس]] 377611 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:گنگا ندي]] [[زمرو:نيڪال جا طاس]] p03npuzsw5cuyvr0n7qwb2i8552wwm4 14 96638 377612 2026-05-15T11:00:20Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:دهلي رياست]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] زمرو:ايشيا جا دريا... 377612 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:دهلي رياست]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] a015a361edreac3twj8aukq9hwbkgon 377613 377612 2026-05-15T11:02:06Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377613 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:وجود]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:دهلي رياست]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] nfgxjkh8depo0713feow9ug85paclbc 377614 377613 2026-05-15T11:03:42Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377614 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:دريائن جا قسم]] [[زمرو:مقدس وجود]] kcculm4rxv9ilozg7trt0nd7yc56lo6 14 96639 377615 2026-05-15T11:04:12Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:وجود]] 377615 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:وجود]] 2fix54sep9eb0z663jnn4ce115v7d27 14 96640 377616 2026-05-15T11:05:19Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:دهلي رياست]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]]... 377616 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:دهلي رياست]] [[زمرو:اتر کنڊ]] [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] 2x9zevw318rfp52gqkvoe9anysahcop 377618 377616 2026-05-15T11:07:33Z Ibne maryam 17680 /* */ 377618 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ھندومت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] 77sxu6tjbg96dihfe2hizn7yn6yvaw6 14 96641 377617 2026-05-15T11:06:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] 377617 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:ٻڌمت]] [[زمرو:مقدس درياهه]] nfvt98s8vzpy6pe9cpoxxy699vz1fob 14 96642 377619 2026-05-15T11:08:52Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] 377619 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:بهار]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] [[زمرو:ڀارت]] [[زمرو:دریاھہ ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:بين الاقوامي درياهه]] [[زمرو:سرحد پار درياهه]] [[زمرو:ايشيا جا درياهه ۽ نديون]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جا قومي نشان]] otpbab0hxvwjuffb0i0xx5jpp1vtloi 14 96643 377620 2026-05-15T11:09:49Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:جھارکنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] aumhjtczwnp4bf0641i67pg73nq2k1z 14 96644 377621 2026-05-15T11:10:30Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اتر پرديش]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] bexe9o7g8jbah7dpw97argvjn2xmwn6 14 96645 377622 2026-05-15T11:11:04Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377622 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اولهه بنگال]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 7h4tkijjl9oxsr3rri007yj5fh254su 14 96646 377624 2026-05-15T11:12:22Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اتراکنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اتراکنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] siu675dycijozisv0zvcdd9eaqpta1v 377625 377624 2026-05-15T11:13:40Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:اتراکنڊ]]; added [[Category:اترا کنڊ]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377625 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اترا کنڊ]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] ax37b6d4x2x1bangz7gf48sanhbhthq 14 96647 377626 2026-05-15T11:14:29Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:دهلي]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 377626 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:دهلي]] [[زمرو:ڀارت ۾ درياهه]] 6zojwdfuyf39qwmfzheargxhd842upb 14 96648 377628 2026-05-15T11:17:31Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت جي رياستون]] 377628 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت جي رياستون]] 3y6q462c9czmk92cvnwlrewjjwn8bab 377629 377628 2026-05-15T11:18:27Z Ibne maryam 17680 removed [[Category:اترين ڀارت جي رياستون]]; added [[Category:اترين ڀارت جون رياستون]] [[وڪيپيڊيا:ھاٽ ڪيٽ|ھاٽ ڪيت]] جي مدد سان 377629 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت جون رياستون]] lbtouitrb08e1nmgjki0kh03na8xdan 3 96649 377632 2026-05-15T11:19:22Z Mys 721tx 1558 Mys 721tx صفحي [[واپرائيندڙ بحث:पाटलिपुत्र]] کي [[واپرائيندڙ بحث:Pataliputra!]] ڏانھن چوريو: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/पाटलिपुत्र|पाटलिपुत्र]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Pataliputra!|Pataliputra!]]" 377632 wikitext text/x-wiki #چوريو [[واپرائيندڙ بحث:Pataliputra!]] 1461t0cfsxkkpj02i1im3osfz7kzyii 14 96650 377636 2026-05-15T11:25:14Z Ibne maryam 17680 نئون صفحو: [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ يونين علائقا]] 377636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[زمرو:اترين ڀارت]] [[زمرو:ڀارت جون رياستون ۽ يونين علائقا]] f03vvwz3t9giq4g1ypdqirg8u4mad62