Stifn king

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      <text bytes="10727" sha1="q0qubu5btd6zwelzlaa5r4vhjysk3mr" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|en=Stephen king}}
Ism nns imdan iga '''Stifn Idwin King''' (ilul ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947) ig yan umara '''Amirikan'''. Ar as ttinin &quot;Agllid n tawda&quot; , ittyawssan bahra s '''ungaln''' nns n tawda. Yura ula f wanawn yaḍnin, zun d asmurg, tirmgut, tasrit n usnulfu (science-fiction), d tfantaziyt.

Mqqar ittyawssan zwar s wungaln, dars ikti n 200 n tullissin gzzulnin, taggat nnsnt ttyawfsarnt '''s''' twckinin.

Ungal nns amzwaru, iga t ''Carrie'' (1974), isrs t inn ɣ igr n tawda. ''Imirn mgalanin'' (1982), lli igan yat twckint n kkuẓt tullissin, iga amzwaru lli sɣ iffuɣ wanaw ann.

Llan mnnaw n ifilmn lli d ttyasaynin '''sɣ''' twuriwin n King, yili gisn: ''Carrie'' (1976), ''Asisfiw'' (1980), ''atakas immutn'' d ''kristin'' (1983), ''sur fllati'' (1986), ''tagnẓit'' (1990), ''The Shawshank Redemption'' (1994), ''Dolores Claiborne'' (1995), ''Mil azgzaw'' (1999),  ''Amdlu'' (2007), ''ɣayann'' (2017), d ''tawada iɣzzifn'' (2025).

Issufɣ d tiwuriwin s ism izafln n Ritcard Baxman. Yura ula idlisn d imaratn yaḍnin, zun d amddakkl nns Peter Straub d tarwa nns Joe Hill d Owen King. Yura ula idlisn da ur ginin ungaln n uckaḍ ussin (non-fiction), zun d ''Danse Macabre'' (1981) d ''f tirra'' (2000).

Gr tismɣurin yaḍnin lli yiwi, King yiwi tasmɣurt n &quot;O. Henry Award&quot; f tnfust &quot;Argaz s tmlsit tasggant&quot; (1994) d tsmɣurt n &quot;Los Angeles Times Book Prize&quot; ɣ wanaw n udɣisn/tiysas f wungal &quot;11/22/63&quot; (2011).

Yiwi ula tismɣurin f twuri nns akkʷ ɣ tskla, zun d tanalla n tiwisi iẓlin ɣ tirra timirikan yn&quot; ɣ 2003, &quot;tasmɣurt tamqquṛt n mastr&quot; sɣ dar &quot;Mystery Writers of America&quot; ɣ 2007, d &quot;tanalla tanamurt n tẓuṛiwin&quot; ɣ 2014.

Joyce Carol Oates inna f King is iga &quot;amara dar iẓuṛan ssufunin ɣ tsga n tsnimant, lli mi tga tmazirt n Marikan aɣbalu isuln n ssakn, d tadlsa taɣrfant n Marikan tga dars zun d yan uɣbalu imqqurn n tgrdiwin.&quot;

== Tudrt nns tazaykut ==
King ilul ɣ Portland, Maine, ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947. Babas, Donald Edwin King, lli igan asbbab n &quot;aspirateurs&quot; tiɣrdin n ma d yuḍa sɣ '''[[Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin]]''', ilul ɣ Indiana s yism n Pollock, macc issnfl t s King lliɣ imqquṛ. Innas n King tga Nellie Ruth King (ism nns n tlalit Pillsbury).

Imarawn nns tahln ɣ Scarborough, Maine, ɣ 23 Yulyuz 1939. Zdɣn d '''twja''' n Donald ɣ [[cikagu]], ukan mmattin s Croton-on-Hudson, New York. Imarawn n King urrin d s Maine ɣ tigira n Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin, stin yat tgmmi imẓẓiyn ɣ Scarborough ad gis zdɣn. '''Aẓuṛ''' nns ikka d ṣkuṭlanda d Irlanda.

Lliɣ ismd sin isggʷasn, babas ifl tawja nns.  innas ad t issgman ntta d gʷmas imqquṛn David, slaɣ nttat, ɣ ddu tassast tuqṛiḍt mqquṛn. Mmattin sɣ Scarborough, sdun s ayt darsn ɣ cikagu, Illinois; Croton-on-Hudson; West De Pere, Wisconsin; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Malden, Massachusetts; d Stratford, Connecticut.

Lliɣ dars 11 n isggʷasn, tawja nns tmmatti s Durham, Maine, tsmkil gis innas imarawn nns aylliɣ mmutn. Sɣ ɣakudann ad tswuri ar tt tettawi ɣ imuḍan n wallxf ɣ yat tgmmi ɣ tsga ann.

King inna is issnti ad ittara lliɣ dars llan sḍis niɣ d sa n isggʷasn, ar ittasi tiwlafin '''sɣ''' idlisn n &quot;comics&quot;, ilmma ar sisnt iskar timdyazin lli ganin wins. Ifilmn dɣ nttni fln gis kigan. Ikka tt inn ar ittiri ifilmn '''sɣ''' tiziwiri. Ukan lliɣ issnti ar ittara, isti ad ittara s twlafin acku mayann ka a mi issn '''ɣ''' uzmz ann.

F mad izdin d tayri nns i tawda, inna: &quot;mẓẓi inu inm, mac '''sɣ''' lliɣ mẓẓiɣ, riɣ ad ẓmuɣ. Ɣikann ad nit skrɣ.&quot;

Ikti d lliɣ imla i innas yat tnfust lli yusi '''sɣ''' kra n comics. Trar d fllas: &quot;urdiɣ is tẓdaṛt ad tskrt ma yufn ɣayad. Ara t inn s ugayyu nnk.&quot;

Ikti d gis yan ussyafa s tgrdi imqqurn, zun d iɣ idrrm s yat tzdduɣt imqquṛn tetkar s tiggura rglnin, tettyawfka as tsarut ad irẓm walli t issusmn. 

Ikka tt inn King iga imɣri imqqurn '''ɣ''' tmẓi nns: &quot;Ɣriɣ tn akkʷ, '''sɣ''' ''Nancy Drew'' ar ''Psycho''. Walli iyi bahra issusmn iga t ''The Shrinking Man'', n Richard Matheson — lli yufa lliɣ dars llan tam n isggʷasn.&quot; 

Xaltis Gert tkka tt inn ar as takka afkkuẓ n iḍulaṛn (quarter) f kra igan tanfust da yura; '''ɣ''' twuriwin nns timzwura da sul ɣamanin tlla &quot;''Jhonathan'' ''d tḍlmaṣin''&quot;, da yura lliɣ ka dars tẓa n isggʷasn.

== Tawada nns ==
Izznza King tullist nns tamzwarut igzzuln n tawuri, &quot;The Glass Floor&quot; i ''Startling Mystery Stories'' ɣ 1967. Lliɣ yumẓ aslkin (diplôme) ɣ Tsdawit n Maine, yumẓ King turagt ad ig aslmad ɣ yan usinan, macc ur yufi kra n ida n usslmd ɣ wakud ann s tirxi. Izznza tullisin i tsɣunin zun d ''Cavalier''. Tuggt n tullisin ad tizaykutin ttyawfsarnt ɣ ''Night Shift'' (1978). Ɣ 1971, ittyawstay King ad ig aslmad n [[Tutlayt Tanglizt|tnglizit]] ɣ Hampden Academy ɣ Hampden, Maine. Iɣama ar ittazn tullisin i tsɣunin, iswuri f twngimin n wungaln, yili gratsn ungal mgal-imnɣi ''Sword in the Darkness'' ''(Agstur ɣ tillas)'', lli ur jju iffuɣn'''.'''

Ikka tt inn King ar isslmad ''Dracula'' i imḥḍaṛn n usinag, isaqsa ixf nns ma rad ijṛu iɣ ukan ddan &quot;[[Anssamum n idammn|inssamumn n idammn]]&quot; n umaḍal aqbur s yat tmdint tamẓẓiyt ɣ New England. Ɣwad ad igan aẓur n ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot'', lli f inna King is iga &quot;''Peyton Place'' imlaggan d ''Dracula''&quot;. Tmmut innas n King s gar aṭṭan n unaru agu lli d iffɣ ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot''. Lliɣ tmmut innas, immatti King d twja nns s Boulder, Colorado. Ifra yan urzzaf s usnsu n Stanley Hotel ɣ Estes Park, ɣilli as ifkan tikti n ''The Shining'', lli isawaln f yan umara lli iswurin ɣ yan usnsu ɣ tagrst d twja nns.

== Idlisn nns ==

=== The Shining (Adlis) ===
'''The Shining''' (s tclḥit: ''Asmrɣa niɣ Axdad'') iga yan udlis n tskla n tawda d tuckḍa, Iffuɣ d udlis ad ɣ usggʷas n '''1977'''. Ig wis kṛaḍ da yura King, d ntta ad as yiwin tisillit imqqurn ɣ ddunit n tskla, isbidd t iga yan ɣammas imaratn ssugrnin n wanaw ad.  King yura adlis ad lliɣ izzri yan iḍ ɣ yan usnsu irdln (The Stanley Hotel), ɣinn a ɣ d nit fllas tḍṛ tawngimt n tnfust ad.

Tullist n udlis ar tsawal f '''Jack Torrance''', yan urgaz iran ad ig amara (writer), macc iṭṭaf imukrisn d unẓiẓ d lgant inngdmn. Jack yufa yat twuri n unaḍuf ɣ '''The Overlook Hotel''', yan usnsu imqqurn d yuckan ɣ idrarn n kuluṛaḍu. Asnsu ad ar ittqqn ɣ imir n tagrst acku ar gis iṭṭaṛ udfl s kigan, aylliɣ ur ar ttizḍiṛn mddn ad t inn lkmn niɣ ad sɣ gis iffɣ yan.

Jack yiwi d tawja nns, tamɣart nns '''Wndy''' d iwis '''Danny''' lli dar llan smmus n isggʷasn, ad zdɣn ɣ usnsu, ɣilad ɣaman slaɣ nttni ɣ tagrst. Jack ira ad yaf afra d uswingm afad ad ismd adlis nns, ula ad ijji sɣ unẓiẓ.

Is ka, asnsu n Overlook ur igi asnsu ittyawmyarn. Iga yan wansa itkarn s tfasa tanimant, d iwlafn n middn lli gis mmutnin ɣ ma izrin. Iwis, '''Danny''', iṭṭaf yat tikki timzzit, ar as aqqran &quot;'''The Shining'''&quot; (Tifawt). Tigrdi ad ar t tettajja ad iẓṛṛa ma intln, ad iẓṛṛa iwlafn n usnsu, d tɣawsiwin n imal.

Lliɣ iḍṛ utfl, tglf tawja ɣ usnsu. Asnsu issnti ad issnfal ɣ taytti n Jack. Awlafn n usnsu ran ad amẓn Danny acku adwas nns (The Shining) iga zun d tirmt i usnsu afad ad iddr. Asnsu issmrs Jack, iṣlimuṛ gis, irar t id isfurrg, ar tissɣal mas d tawja nns ad t iṛẓan. Jack issnti ad ittnuful, yiwrri s unẓiẓ d uẓmaḍ (mqqar yuga usnsu, iwlafn ar as t akkan), aylliɣ iɣts ad inɣ Wendy d Danny.

Ɣ tigira n udlis, Jack yuki f Wendy d Danny s ucaquṛ. Wendy tufa ad trwl s tammara, tuggs Jack. Danny imzazal d babas, iml as mas d asnsu ur ar t ittiri, yiri ka ad inawl tigrdi n Danny. Ɣ wammas n tamaɣt, Jack yaḍu d imikk s unli nns, yini i iwis ad irwl.

Danny ikti d mas d asnsu iṭṭaf yat tfḍna imqqurn lli ixṣṣa ad ttiɣis bdda. Jack ittu ad as iskr asɣus. Tafḍna trɣa bahra aylliɣ tbbaqqi. Asnsu akkʷ yuki gis wafa. Wendy, Danny, d Dick Hallorann rwln s umadir n uɣris. immut Jack ɣ wammas n wafa ntta d usnsu lli ixwan.

=== The stand (Iɣim) ===
'''The Stand''' iga yan ungal issugrn n '''Stephen King''' lli yura ɣ usggʷas n 1978. King yura s  ammas n udlis ad tullist nns n naf-afukalis (post-apocalyptic), ismun gisn ussiwd d uckaḍ imqqurn. Iga yan sɣ idlisn nns lli bahra ssusmnin middn, ar isawal f imnɣi gr '''wafulki''' d '''uxʷccan''' ɣ tillawt n ddunit lli d yuckan tiɣrdin n urddal n tɣrma. 

Ar tssntay tnfust s usnnflay n yan waṭṭan abaraw lli ifrtln s tirruksa i yan usaram n imnɣi amsnudr ɣ Marikan. Ar as aqqran  s inigl n '''Captain Trips''' nɣ '''Superflu'''. Aṭṭan ad war ijji  ig amaynu, ijfa, d ar ittawi tudrt n middn ɣ kra n wussan hlli.

Nnan is ar inqqa 99.4% n unck n middn illan ɣ umaḍal. yajj '''yat tfrsit tamẓẓiyt''' n middn ad ddn, middn ad a f tbidd tasult n tiffugna. 

Willi njmnin i Captain Trips ssntin ad bḍun f snat n tgrummawin n iẓamumn ɣ twargiwin nnsn. Bḍun f '''sin ikabaṛn''' (deux camps) n umnɣi n tigira:

* '''1. Lguṛ n Boulder (akabaṛ n ufulki):''' Ar tfttu ɣ ddu tnbaḍt n '''Mother Abagayl''', yat tmɣart tawssart tasggant, tga tamazant n '''ufulki''' d '''tikṣṣaḍ n Rrbi'''. Ɣwid ar ttmunan ɣ '''Boulder, Colorado''', ɣinn a ɣ ran ad srsn yan wamun amaynu n '''tdimuqṛatit''' d '''tanzzarfut'''. Sɣ gr willi llanin ɣ ukabaṛ ad: '''Stu Redman''', '''Larry Underwood''', d '''Fran Goldsmith'''.
* '''2.''' '''Lguṛ n Las Vegas (Gar akabaṛ):'''  ddu tanbaḍt n '''Randall Flagg''' (Argaz Amqqur n tillas). Iga yan '''udaymun''' (démon) mẓẓiyn lli igan amatar n '''uxʷccan''' '''itmman''' d '''urwway'''. Ar d ttmunan '''inḍṣaṛ''' lli t ḍfṛnin ɣ '''Las Vegas, Nevada'''.
Ayt lguṛ n Boulder frkn is d Randall Flagg iwats ad irdl kullu ɣaylli bnan. '''Mother Abagail''', tettr srsn ad iddu yan '''urabbu n imknasn''' (willi zzigznin) s Las Vegas afad ad nrun axʷccan.

== Imk nns n tirra ==
King ar bahra izggur s turda n &quot;ma gis illan iɣ&quot; (nɣ d ma rad izri iɣ...), ar isaqsa ma rad ijṛu iɣ iglf yan umara amssak (issan anẓiẓ) d tawja nns ɣ ugns n yan usnsu ittyawzdaɣn  (''The Shining''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad iẓṛ ma rad izri ɣ imal (''The Dead Zone''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad issuddu ɣ wakud afad ad issnfl amzruy (''11/22/63'').[114] Ar ittara: Addad a izwarn. Fad ad d ttackan iwrak. Ad ukan zgunt tɣawsiwin ad ɣ wallxf nns, ar isstfal ɣ tirra. Ar bahra dars tettili twngimt n manmk a rad ig usggru, macc ur jju isɣi i iwrak ad skrn mad ira nttan. S umddur, ar gisn isaggm ad skrn ɣaylli ran nttni s ixfawn nnsn. Kra n tikkal, tigira lli s ar ittannay, isti tt, ar tettgga kra n tɣawsa yaḍnin da jju ur itam.


== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="10729" sha1="8yc5w46woowkjnpgkuaic8ene3wq4zv" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|en=Stephen king}}
Ism nns imdan iga '''Stifn Idwin King''' (ilul ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947) ig yan umara '''Amirikan'''. Ar as ttinin &quot;Agllid n tawda&quot; , ittyawssan bahra s '''ungaln''' nns n tawda. Yura ula f wanawn yaḍnin, zun d asmurg, tirmgut, tasrit n usnulfu (science-fiction), d tfantaziyt.

Mqqar ittyawssan zwar s wungaln, dars ikti n 200 n tullissin gzzulnin, taggat nnsnt ttyawfsarnt '''s''' twckinin.

Ungal nns amzwaru, iga t ''Carrie'' (1974), isrs t inn ɣ igr n tawda. ''Imirn mgalanin'' (1982), lli igan yat twckint n kkuẓt tullissin, iga amzwaru lli sɣ iffuɣ wanaw ann.

Llan mnnaw n ifilmn lli d ttyasaynin '''sɣ''' twuriwin n King, yili gisn: ''Carrie'' (1976), ''Asisfiw'' (1980), ''atakas immutn'' d ''kristin'' (1983), ''sur fllati'' (1986), ''tagnẓit'' (1990), ''The Shawshank Redemption'' (1994), ''Dolores Claiborne'' (1995), ''Mil azgzaw'' (1999),  ''Amdlu'' (2007), ''ɣayann'' (2017), d ''tawada iɣzzifn'' (2025).

Issufɣ d tiwuriwin s ism izafln n Ritcard Baxman. Yura ula idlisn d imaratn yaḍnin, zun d amddakkl nns Peter Straub d tarwa nns Joe Hill d Owen King. Yura ula idlisn da ur ginin ungaln n uckaḍ ussin (non-fiction), zun d ''Danse Macabre'' (1981) d ''f tirra'' (2000).

Gr tismɣurin yaḍnin lli yiwi, King yiwi tasmɣurt n &quot;O. Henry Award&quot; f tnfust &quot;Argaz s tmlsit tasggant&quot; (1994) d tsmɣurt n &quot;Los Angeles Times Book Prize&quot; ɣ wanaw n udɣisn/tiysas f wungal &quot;11/22/63&quot; (2011).

Yiwi ula tismɣurin f twuri nns akkʷ ɣ tskla, zun d tanalla n tiwisi iẓlin ɣ tirra timirikan yn&quot; ɣ 2003, &quot;tasmɣurt tamqquṛt n mastr&quot; sɣ dar &quot;Mystery Writers of America&quot; ɣ 2007, d &quot;tanalla tanamurt n tẓuṛiwin&quot; ɣ 2014.

Joyce Carol Oates inna f King is iga &quot;amara dar iẓuṛan ssufunin ɣ tsga n tsnimant, lli mi tga tmazirt n Marikan aɣbalu isuln n ssakn, d tadlsa taɣrfant n Marikan tga dars zun d yan uɣbalu imqqurn n tgrdiwin.&quot;

== Tudrt nns tazaykut ==
King ilul ɣ Portland, Maine, ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947. Babas, Donald Edwin King, lli igan asbbab n &quot;aspirateurs&quot; tiɣrdin n ma d yuḍa sɣ '''[[Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin]]''', ilul ɣ Indiana s yism n Pollock, macc issnfl t s King lliɣ imqquṛ. Innas n King tga Nellie Ruth King (ism nns n tlalit Pillsbury).

Imarawn nns tahln ɣ Scarborough, Maine, ɣ 23 Yulyuz 1939. Zdɣn d '''twja''' n Donald ɣ [[cikagu]], ukan mmattin s Croton-on-Hudson, New York. Imarawn n King urrin d s Maine ɣ tigira n Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin, stin yat tgmmi imẓẓiyn ɣ Scarborough ad gis zdɣn. '''Aẓuṛ''' nns ikka d ṣkuṭlanda d Irlanda.

Lliɣ ismd sin isggʷasn, babas ifl tawja nns.  innas ad t issgman ntta d gʷmas imqquṛn David, slaɣ nttat, ɣ ddu tassast tuqṛiḍt mqquṛn. Mmattin sɣ Scarborough, sdun s ayt darsn ɣ cikagu, Illinois; Croton-on-Hudson; West De Pere, Wisconsin; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Malden, Massachusetts; d Stratford, Connecticut.

Lliɣ dars 11 n isggʷasn, tawja nns tmmatti s Durham, Maine, tsmkil gis innas imarawn nns aylliɣ mmutn. Sɣ ɣakudann ad tswuri ar tt tettawi ɣ imuḍan n wallxf ɣ yat tgmmi ɣ tsga ann.

King inna is issnti ad ittara lliɣ dars llan sḍis niɣ d sa n isggʷasn, ar ittasi tiwlafin '''sɣ''' idlisn n &quot;comics&quot;, ilmma ar sisnt iskar timdyazin lli ganin wins. Ifilmn dɣ nttni fln gis kigan. Ikka tt inn ar ittiri ifilmn '''sɣ''' tiziwiri. Ukan lliɣ issnti ar ittara, isti ad ittara s twlafin acku mayann ka a mi issn '''ɣ''' uzmz ann.

F mad izdin d tayri nns i tawda, inna: &quot;mẓẓi inu inm, mac '''sɣ''' lliɣ mẓẓiɣ, riɣ ad ẓmuɣ. Ɣikann ad nit skrɣ.&quot;

Ikti d lliɣ imla i innas yat tnfust lli yusi '''sɣ''' kra n comics. Trar d fllas: &quot;urdiɣ is tẓdaṛt ad tskrt ma yufn ɣayad. Ara t inn s ugayyu nnk.&quot;

Ikti d gis yan ussyafa s tgrdi imqqurn, zun d iɣ idrrm s yat tzdduɣt imqquṛn tetkar s tiggura rglnin, tettyawfka as tsarut ad irẓm walli t issusmn. 

Ikka tt inn King iga imɣri imqqurn '''ɣ''' tmẓi nns: &quot;Ɣriɣ tn akkʷ, '''sɣ''' ''Nancy Drew'' ar ''Psycho''. Walli iyi bahra issusmn iga t ''The Shrinking Man'', n Richard Matheson — lli yufa lliɣ dars llan tam n isggʷasn.&quot; 

Xaltis Gert tkka tt inn ar as takka afkkuẓ n iḍulaṛn (quarter) f kra igan tanfust da yura; '''ɣ''' twuriwin nns timzwura da sul ɣamanin tlla &quot;''Jhonathan'' ''d tḍlmaṣin''&quot;, da yura lliɣ ka dars tẓa n isggʷasn.

== Tawada nns ==
Izznza King tullist nns tamzwarut igzzuln n tawuri, &quot;The Glass Floor&quot; i ''Startling Mystery Stories'' ɣ 1967. Lliɣ yumẓ aslkin (diplôme) ɣ Tsdawit n Maine, yumẓ King turagt ad ig aslmad ɣ yan usinan, macc ur yufi kra n ida n usslmd ɣ wakud ann s tirxi. Izznza tullisin i tsɣunin zun d ''Cavalier''. Tuggt n tullisin ad tizaykutin ttyawfsarnt ɣ ''Night Shift'' (1978). Ɣ 1971, ittyawstay King ad ig aslmad n [[Tutlayt Tanglizt|tnglizit]] ɣ Hampden Academy ɣ Hampden, Maine. Iɣama ar ittazn tullisin i tsɣunin, iswuri f twngimin n wungaln, yili gratsn ungal mgal-imnɣi ''Sword in the Darkness'' ''(Agstur ɣ tillas)'', lli ur jju iffuɣn'''.'''

Ikka tt inn King ar isslmad ''Dracula'' i imḥḍaṛn n usinag, isaqsa ixf nns ma rad ijṛu iɣ ukan ddan &quot;[[Anssamum n idammn|inssamumn n idammn]]&quot; n umaḍal aqbur s yat tmdint tamẓẓiyt ɣ New England. Ɣwad ad igan aẓur n ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot'', lli f inna King is iga &quot;''Peyton Place'' imlaggan d ''Dracula''&quot;. Tmmut innas n King s gar aṭṭan n unaru agu lli d iffɣ ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot''. Lliɣ tmmut innas, immatti King d twja nns s Boulder, Colorado. Ifra yan urzzaf s usnsu n Stanley Hotel ɣ Estes Park, ɣilli as ifkan tikti n ''The Shining'', lli isawaln f yan umara lli iswurin ɣ yan usnsu ɣ tagrst d twja nns.

== Idlisn nns ==

=== The Shining (Adlis) ===
'''The Shining''' (s tclḥit: ''Asmrɣa niɣ d Axdad'') iga yan udlis n tskla n tawda d tuckḍa, Iffuɣ d udlis ad ɣ usggʷas n '''1977'''. Ig wis kṛaḍ da yura King, d ntta ad as yiwin tisillit imqqurn ɣ ddunit n tskla, isbidd t iga yan ɣammas imaratn ssugrnin n wanaw ad.  King yura adlis ad lliɣ izzri yan iḍ ɣ yan usnsu irdln (The Stanley Hotel), ɣinn a ɣ d nit fllas tḍṛ tawngimt n tnfust ad.

Tullist n udlis ar tsawal f '''Jack Torrance''', yan urgaz iran ad ig amara (writer), macc iṭṭaf imukrisn d unẓiẓ d lgant inngdmn. Jack yufa yat twuri n unaḍuf ɣ '''The Overlook Hotel''', yan usnsu imqqurn d yuckan ɣ idrarn n kuluṛaḍu. Asnsu ad ar ittqqn ɣ imir n tagrst acku ar gis iṭṭaṛ udfl s kigan, aylliɣ ur ar ttizḍiṛn mddn ad t inn lkmn niɣ ad sɣ gis iffɣ yan.

Jack yiwi d tawja nns, tamɣart nns '''Wndy''' d iwis '''Danny''' lli dar llan smmus n isggʷasn, ad zdɣn ɣ usnsu, ɣilad ɣaman slaɣ nttni ɣ tagrst. Jack ira ad yaf afra d uswingm afad ad ismd adlis nns, ula ad ijji sɣ unẓiẓ.

Is ka, asnsu n Overlook ur igi asnsu ittyawmyarn. Iga yan wansa itkarn s tfasa tanimant, d iwlafn n middn lli gis mmutnin ɣ ma izrin. Iwis, '''Danny''', iṭṭaf yat tikki timzzit, ar as aqqran &quot;'''The Shining'''&quot; (Tifawt). Tigrdi ad ar t tettajja ad iẓṛṛa ma intln, ad iẓṛṛa iwlafn n usnsu, d tɣawsiwin n imal.

Lliɣ iḍṛ utfl, tglf tawja ɣ usnsu. Asnsu issnti ad issnfal ɣ taytti n Jack. Awlafn n usnsu ran ad amẓn Danny acku adwas nns (The Shining) iga zun d tirmt i usnsu afad ad iddr. Asnsu issmrs Jack, iṣlimuṛ gis, irar t id isfurrg, ar tissɣal mas d tawja nns ad t iṛẓan. Jack issnti ad ittnuful, yiwrri s unẓiẓ d uẓmaḍ (mqqar yuga usnsu, iwlafn ar as t akkan), aylliɣ iɣts ad inɣ Wendy d Danny.

Ɣ tigira n udlis, Jack yuki f Wendy d Danny s ucaquṛ. Wendy tufa ad trwl s tammara, tuggs Jack. Danny imzazal d babas, iml as mas d asnsu ur ar t ittiri, yiri ka ad inawl tigrdi n Danny. Ɣ wammas n tamaɣt, Jack yaḍu d imikk s unli nns, yini i iwis ad irwl.

Danny ikti d mas d asnsu iṭṭaf yat tfḍna imqqurn lli ixṣṣa ad ttiɣis bdda. Jack ittu ad as iskr asɣus. Tafḍna trɣa bahra aylliɣ tbbaqqi. Asnsu akkʷ yuki gis wafa. Wendy, Danny, d Dick Hallorann rwln s umadir n uɣris. immut Jack ɣ wammas n wafa ntta d usnsu lli ixwan.

=== The stand (Iɣim) ===
'''The Stand''' iga yan ungal issugrn n '''Stephen King''' lli yura ɣ usggʷas n 1978. King yura s  ammas n udlis ad tullist nns n naf-afukalis (post-apocalyptic), ismun gisn ussiwd d uckaḍ imqqurn. Iga yan sɣ idlisn nns lli bahra ssusmnin middn, ar isawal f imnɣi gr '''wafulki''' d '''uxʷccan''' ɣ tillawt n ddunit lli d yuckan tiɣrdin n urddal n tɣrma. 

Ar tssntay tnfust s usnnflay n yan waṭṭan abaraw lli ifrtln s tirruksa i yan usaram n imnɣi amsnudr ɣ Marikan. Ar as aqqran  s inigl n '''Captain Trips''' nɣ '''Superflu'''. Aṭṭan ad war ijji  ig amaynu, ijfa, d ar ittawi tudrt n middn ɣ kra n wussan hlli.

Nnan is ar inqqa 99.4% n unck n middn illan ɣ umaḍal. yajj '''yat tfrsit tamẓẓiyt''' n middn ad ddn, middn ad a f tbidd tasult n tiffugna. 

Willi njmnin i Captain Trips ssntin ad bḍun f snat n tgrummawin n iẓamumn ɣ twargiwin nnsn. Bḍun f '''sin ikabaṛn''' (deux camps) n umnɣi n tigira:

* '''1. Lguṛ n Boulder (akabaṛ n ufulki):''' Ar tfttu ɣ ddu tnbaḍt n '''Mother Abagayl''', yat tmɣart tawssart tasggant, tga tamazant n '''ufulki''' d '''tikṣṣaḍ n Rrbi'''. Ɣwid ar ttmunan ɣ '''Boulder, Colorado''', ɣinn a ɣ ran ad srsn yan wamun amaynu n '''tdimuqṛatit''' d '''tanzzarfut'''. Sɣ gr willi llanin ɣ ukabaṛ ad: '''Stu Redman''', '''Larry Underwood''', d '''Fran Goldsmith'''.
* '''2.''' '''Lguṛ n Las Vegas (Gar akabaṛ):'''  ddu tanbaḍt n '''Randall Flagg''' (Argaz Amqqur n tillas). Iga yan '''udaymun''' (démon) mẓẓiyn lli igan amatar n '''uxʷccan''' '''itmman''' d '''urwway'''. Ar d ttmunan '''inḍṣaṛ''' lli t ḍfṛnin ɣ '''Las Vegas, Nevada'''.
Ayt lguṛ n Boulder frkn is d Randall Flagg iwats ad irdl kullu ɣaylli bnan. '''Mother Abagail''', tettr srsn ad iddu yan '''urabbu n imknasn''' (willi zzigznin) s Las Vegas afad ad nrun axʷccan.

== Imk nns n tirra ==
King ar bahra izggur s turda n &quot;ma gis illan iɣ&quot; (nɣ d ma rad izri iɣ...), ar isaqsa ma rad ijṛu iɣ iglf yan umara amssak (issan anẓiẓ) d tawja nns ɣ ugns n yan usnsu ittyawzdaɣn  (''The Shining''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad iẓṛ ma rad izri ɣ imal (''The Dead Zone''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad issuddu ɣ wakud afad ad issnfl amzruy (''11/22/63'').[114] Ar ittara: Addad a izwarn. Fad ad d ttackan iwrak. Ad ukan zgunt tɣawsiwin ad ɣ wallxf nns, ar isstfal ɣ tirra. Ar bahra dars tettili twngimt n manmk a rad ig usggru, macc ur jju isɣi i iwrak ad skrn mad ira nttan. S umddur, ar gisn isaggm ad skrn ɣaylli ran nttni s ixfawn nnsn. Kra n tikkal, tigira lli s ar ittannay, isti tt, ar tettgga kra n tɣawsa yaḍnin da jju ur itam.


== Tisuɣal ==</text>
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      <text bytes="10728" sha1="jnb4m3w8g5k05phwpuw31aaagxz5xjo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|en=Stephen king}}
Ism nns imdan iga '''Stifn Idwin King''' (ilul ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947) ig yan umara '''Amirikan'''. Ar as ttinin &quot;Agllid n tawda&quot; , ittyawssan bahra s '''ungaln''' nns n tawda. Yura ula f wanawn yaḍnin, zun d asmurg, tirmgut, tasrit n usnulfu (science-fiction), d tfantaziyt.

Mqqar ittyawssan zwar s wungaln, dars ikti n 200 n tullissin gzzulnin, taggat nnsnt ttyawfsarnt '''s''' twckinin.

Ungal nns amzwaru, iga t ''Carrie'' (1974), isrs t inn ɣ igr n tawda. ''Imirn mgalanin'' (1982), lli igan yat twckint n kkuẓt tullissin, iga amzwaru lli sɣ iffuɣ wanaw ann.

Llan mnnaw n ifilmn lli d ttyasaynin '''sɣ''' twuriwin n King, yili gisn: ''Carrie'' (1976), ''Asisfiw'' (1980), ''atakas immutn'' d ''kristin'' (1983), ''sur fllati'' (1986), ''tagnẓit'' (1990), ''The Shawshank Redemption'' (1994), ''Dolores Claiborne'' (1995), ''Mil azgzaw'' (1999),  ''Amdlu'' (2007), ''ɣayann'' (2017), d ''tawada iɣzzifn'' (2025).

Issufɣ d tiwuriwin s ism izafln n Ritcard Baxman. Yura ula idlisn d imaratn yaḍnin, zun d amddakkl nns Peter Straub d tarwa nns Joe Hill d Owen King. Yura ula idlisn da ur ginin ungaln n uckaḍ ussin (non-fiction), zun d ''Danse Macabre'' (1981) d ''f tirra'' (2000).

Gr tismɣurin yaḍnin lli yiwi, King yiwi tasmɣurt n &quot;O. Henry Award&quot; f tnfust &quot;Argaz s tmlsit tasggant&quot; (1994) d tsmɣurt n &quot;Los Angeles Times Book Prize&quot; ɣ wanaw n udɣisn/tiysas f wungal &quot;11/22/63&quot; (2011).

Yiwi ula tismɣurin f twuri nns akkʷ ɣ tskla, zun d tanalla n tiwisi iẓlin ɣ tirra timirikan yn&quot; ɣ 2003, &quot;tasmɣurt tamqquṛt n mastr&quot; sɣ dar &quot;Mystery Writers of America&quot; ɣ 2007, d &quot;tanalla tanamurt n tẓuṛiwin&quot; ɣ 2014.

Joyce Carol Oates inna f King is iga &quot;amara dar iẓuṛan ssufunin ɣ tsga n tsnimant, lli mi tga tmazirt n Marikan aɣbalu isuln n ssakn, d tadlsa taɣrfant n Marikan tga dars zun d yan uɣbalu imqqurn n tgrdiwin.&quot;

== Tudrt nns tazaykut ==
King ilul ɣ Portland, Maine, ɣ 21 Cutambir 1947. Babas, Donald Edwin King, lli igan asbbab n &quot;aspirateurs&quot; tiɣrdin n ma d yuḍa sɣ '''[[Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin]]''', ilul ɣ Indiana s yism n Pollock, macc issnfl t s King lliɣ imqquṛ. Innas n King tga Nellie Ruth King (ism nns n tlalit Pillsbury).

Imarawn nns tahln ɣ Scarborough, Maine, ɣ 23 Yulyuz 1939. Zdɣn d '''twja''' n Donald ɣ [[cikagu]], ukan mmattin s Croton-on-Hudson, New York. Imarawn n King urrin d s Maine ɣ tigira n Imnɣi Amaḍlan Wis Sin, stin yat tgmmi imẓẓiyn ɣ Scarborough ad gis zdɣn. '''Aẓuṛ''' nns ikka d ṣkuṭlanda d Irlanda.

Lliɣ ismd sin isggʷasn, babas ifl tawja nns.  innas ad t issgman ntta d gʷmas imqquṛn David, slaɣ nttat, ɣ ddu tassast tuqṛiḍt mqquṛn. Mmattin sɣ Scarborough, sdun s ayt darsn ɣ cikagu, Illinois; Croton-on-Hudson; West De Pere, Wisconsin; Fort Wayne, Indiana; Malden, Massachusetts; d Stratford, Connecticut.

Lliɣ dars 11 n isggʷasn, tawja nns tmmatti s Durham, Maine, tsmkil gis innas imarawn nns aylliɣ mmutn. Sɣ ɣakudann ad tswuri ar tt tettawi ɣ imuḍan n wallxf ɣ yat tgmmi ɣ tsga ann.

King inna is issnti ad ittara lliɣ dars llan sḍis niɣ d sa n isggʷasn, ar ittasi tiwlafin '''sɣ''' idlisn n &quot;comics&quot;, ilmma ar sisnt iskar timdyazin lli ganin wins. Ifilmn dɣ nttni fln gis kigan. Ikka tt inn ar ittiri ifilmn '''sɣ''' tiziwiri. Ukan lliɣ issnti ar ittara, isti ad ittara s twlafin acku mayann ka a mi issn '''ɣ''' uzmz ann.

F mad izdin d tayri nns i tawda, inna: &quot;mẓẓi inu inm, mac '''sɣ''' lliɣ mẓẓiɣ, riɣ ad ẓmuɣ. Ɣikann ad nit skrɣ.&quot;

Ikti d lliɣ imla i innas yat tnfust lli yusi '''sɣ''' kra n comics. Trar d fllas: &quot;urdiɣ is tẓdaṛt ad tskrt ma yufn ɣayad. Ara t inn s ugayyu nnk.&quot;

Ikti d gis yan ussyafa s tgrdi imqqurn, zun d iɣ idrrm s yat tzdduɣt imqquṛn tetkar s tiggura rglnin, tettyawfka as tsarut ad irẓm walli t issusmn. 

Ikka tt inn King iga imɣri imqqurn '''ɣ''' tmẓi nns: &quot;Ɣriɣ tn akkʷ, '''sɣ''' ''Nancy Drew'' ar ''Psycho''. Walli iyi bahra issusmn iga t ''The Shrinking Man'', n Richard Matheson — lli yufa lliɣ dars llan tam n isggʷasn.&quot; 

Xaltis Gert tkka tt inn ar as takka afkkuẓ n iḍulaṛn (quarter) f kra igan tanfust da yura; '''ɣ''' twuriwin nns timzwura da sul ɣamanin tlla &quot;''Jhonathan'' ''d tḍlmaṣin''&quot;, da yura lliɣ ka dars tẓa n isggʷasn.

== Tawada nns ==
Izznza King tullist nns tamzwarut igzzuln n tawuri, &quot;The Glass Floor&quot; i ''Startling Mystery Stories'' ɣ 1967. Lliɣ yumẓ aslkin (diplôme) ɣ Tsdawit n Maine, yumẓ King turagt ad ig aslmad ɣ yan usinan, macc ur yufi kra n ida n usslmd ɣ wakud ann s tirxi. Izznza tullisin i tsɣunin zun d ''Cavalier''. Tuggt n tullisin ad tizaykutin ttyawfsarnt ɣ ''Night Shift'' (1978). Ɣ 1971, ittyawstay King ad ig aslmad n [[Tutlayt Tanglizt|tnglizit]] ɣ Hampden Academy ɣ Hampden, Maine. Iɣama ar ittazn tullisin i tsɣunin, iswuri f twngimin n wungaln, yili gratsn ungal mgal-imnɣi ''Sword in the Darkness'' ''(Agstur ɣ tillas)'', lli ur jju iffuɣn'''.'''

Ikka tt inn King ar isslmad ''Dracula'' i imḥḍaṛn n usinag, isaqsa ixf nns ma rad ijṛu iɣ ukan ddan &quot;[[Anssamum n idammn|inssamumn n idammn]]&quot; n umaḍal aqbur s yat tmdint tamẓẓiyt ɣ New England. Ɣwad ad igan aẓur n ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot'', lli f inna King is iga &quot;''Peyton Place'' imlaggan d ''Dracula''&quot;. Tmmut innas n King s gar aṭṭan n unaru agu lli d iffɣ ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Salem's Lot''. Lliɣ tmmut innas, immatti King d twja nns s Boulder, Colorado. Ifra yan urzzaf s usnsu n Stanley Hotel ɣ Estes Park, ɣilli as ifkan tikti n ''The Shining'', lli isawaln f yan umara lli iswurin ɣ yan usnsu ɣ tagrst d twja nns.

== Idlisn nns ==

=== The Shining (Adlis) ===
'''The Shining''' (s tclḥit: ''Asmrɣa niɣ d Axdad'') iga yan udlis n tskla n tawda d uckaḍ, Iffuɣ d udlis ad ɣ usggʷas n '''1977'''. Ig wis kṛaḍ da yura King, d ntta ad as yiwin tisillit imqqurn ɣ ddunit n tskla, isbidd t iga yan ɣammas imaratn ssugrnin n wanaw ad.  King yura adlis ad lliɣ izzri yan iḍ ɣ yan usnsu irdln (The Stanley Hotel), ɣinn a ɣ d nit fllas tḍṛ tawngimt n tnfust ad.

Tullist n udlis ar tsawal f '''Jack Torrance''', yan urgaz iran ad ig amara (writer), macc iṭṭaf imukrisn d unẓiẓ d lgant inngdmn. Jack yufa yat twuri n unaḍuf ɣ '''The Overlook Hotel''', yan usnsu imqqurn d yuckan ɣ idrarn n kuluṛaḍu. Asnsu ad ar ittqqn ɣ imir n tagrst acku ar gis iṭṭaṛ udfl s kigan, aylliɣ ur ar ttizḍiṛn mddn ad t inn lkmn niɣ ad sɣ gis iffɣ yan.

Jack yiwi d tawja nns, tamɣart nns '''Wndy''' d iwis '''Danny''' lli dar llan smmus n isggʷasn, ad zdɣn ɣ usnsu, ɣilad ɣaman slaɣ nttni ɣ tagrst. Jack ira ad yaf afra d uswingm afad ad ismd adlis nns, ula ad ijji sɣ unẓiẓ.

Is ka, asnsu n Overlook ur igi asnsu ittyawmyarn. Iga yan wansa itkarn s tfasa tanimant, d iwlafn n middn lli gis mmutnin ɣ ma izrin. Iwis, '''Danny''', iṭṭaf yat tikki timzzit, ar as aqqran &quot;'''The Shining'''&quot; (Tifawt). Tigrdi ad ar t tettajja ad iẓṛṛa ma intln, ad iẓṛṛa iwlafn n usnsu, d tɣawsiwin n imal.

Lliɣ iḍṛ utfl, tglf tawja ɣ usnsu. Asnsu issnti ad issnfal ɣ taytti n Jack. Awlafn n usnsu ran ad amẓn Danny acku adwas nns (The Shining) iga zun d tirmt i usnsu afad ad iddr. Asnsu issmrs Jack, iṣlimuṛ gis, irar t id isfurrg, ar tissɣal mas d tawja nns ad t iṛẓan. Jack issnti ad ittnuful, yiwrri s unẓiẓ d uẓmaḍ (mqqar yuga usnsu, iwlafn ar as t akkan), aylliɣ iɣts ad inɣ Wendy d Danny.

Ɣ tigira n udlis, Jack yuki f Wendy d Danny s ucaquṛ. Wendy tufa ad trwl s tammara, tuggs Jack. Danny imzazal d babas, iml as mas d asnsu ur ar t ittiri, yiri ka ad inawl tigrdi n Danny. Ɣ wammas n tamaɣt, Jack yaḍu d imikk s unli nns, yini i iwis ad irwl.

Danny ikti d mas d asnsu iṭṭaf yat tfḍna imqqurn lli ixṣṣa ad ttiɣis bdda. Jack ittu ad as iskr asɣus. Tafḍna trɣa bahra aylliɣ tbbaqqi. Asnsu akkʷ yuki gis wafa. Wendy, Danny, d Dick Hallorann rwln s umadir n uɣris. immut Jack ɣ wammas n wafa ntta d usnsu lli ixwan.

=== The stand (Iɣim) ===
'''The Stand''' iga yan ungal issugrn n '''Stephen King''' lli yura ɣ usggʷas n 1978. King yura s  ammas n udlis ad tullist nns n naf-afukalis (post-apocalyptic), ismun gisn ussiwd d uckaḍ imqqurn. Iga yan sɣ idlisn nns lli bahra ssusmnin middn, ar isawal f imnɣi gr '''wafulki''' d '''uxʷccan''' ɣ tillawt n ddunit lli d yuckan tiɣrdin n urddal n tɣrma. 

Ar tssntay tnfust s usnnflay n yan waṭṭan abaraw lli ifrtln s tirruksa i yan usaram n imnɣi amsnudr ɣ Marikan. Ar as aqqran  s inigl n '''Captain Trips''' nɣ '''Superflu'''. Aṭṭan ad war ijji  ig amaynu, ijfa, d ar ittawi tudrt n middn ɣ kra n wussan hlli.

Nnan is ar inqqa 99.4% n unck n middn illan ɣ umaḍal. yajj '''yat tfrsit tamẓẓiyt''' n middn ad ddn, middn ad a f tbidd tasult n tiffugna. 

Willi njmnin i Captain Trips ssntin ad bḍun f snat n tgrummawin n iẓamumn ɣ twargiwin nnsn. Bḍun f '''sin ikabaṛn''' (deux camps) n umnɣi n tigira:

* '''1. Lguṛ n Boulder (akabaṛ n ufulki):''' Ar tfttu ɣ ddu tnbaḍt n '''Mother Abagayl''', yat tmɣart tawssart tasggant, tga tamazant n '''ufulki''' d '''tikṣṣaḍ n Rrbi'''. Ɣwid ar ttmunan ɣ '''Boulder, Colorado''', ɣinn a ɣ ran ad srsn yan wamun amaynu n '''tdimuqṛatit''' d '''tanzzarfut'''. Sɣ gr willi llanin ɣ ukabaṛ ad: '''Stu Redman''', '''Larry Underwood''', d '''Fran Goldsmith'''.
* '''2.''' '''Lguṛ n Las Vegas (Gar akabaṛ):'''  ddu tanbaḍt n '''Randall Flagg''' (Argaz Amqqur n tillas). Iga yan '''udaymun''' (démon) mẓẓiyn lli igan amatar n '''uxʷccan''' '''itmman''' d '''urwway'''. Ar d ttmunan '''inḍṣaṛ''' lli t ḍfṛnin ɣ '''Las Vegas, Nevada'''.
Ayt lguṛ n Boulder frkn is d Randall Flagg iwats ad irdl kullu ɣaylli bnan. '''Mother Abagail''', tettr srsn ad iddu yan '''urabbu n imknasn''' (willi zzigznin) s Las Vegas afad ad nrun axʷccan.

== Imk nns n tirra ==
King ar bahra izggur s turda n &quot;ma gis illan iɣ&quot; (nɣ d ma rad izri iɣ...), ar isaqsa ma rad ijṛu iɣ iglf yan umara amssak (issan anẓiẓ) d tawja nns ɣ ugns n yan usnsu ittyawzdaɣn  (''The Shining''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad iẓṛ ma rad izri ɣ imal (''The Dead Zone''), niɣ d iɣ izḍaṛ yan ad issuddu ɣ wakud afad ad issnfl amzruy (''11/22/63'').[114] Ar ittara: Addad a izwarn. Fad ad d ttackan iwrak. Ad ukan zgunt tɣawsiwin ad ɣ wallxf nns, ar isstfal ɣ tirra. Ar bahra dars tettili twngimt n manmk a rad ig usggru, macc ur jju isɣi i iwrak ad skrn mad ira nttan. S umddur, ar gisn isaggm ad skrn ɣaylli ran nttni s ixfawn nnsn. Kra n tikkal, tigira lli s ar ittannay, isti tt, ar tettgga kra n tɣawsa yaḍnin da jju ur itam.


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